Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Meneltarma

2009-07-24T20:52:08Z

134.93.50.217: iw fr

[[Image:Jef Murray - At the foot of the Meneltarma.jpg|thumb|''At the foot of the Meneltarma'' by [[Jef Murray]]]]
'''Meneltarma''', meaning ''Pillar of the Heavens'', was a sacred mountain in the centre of [[Númenor]].

It had a flattened and broad summit, able to contain a great multitude during religious ceremonies. However no permament structure was erected there, and the ceremonies took place in open air.

A requirement of absolute silence was imposed on any who climbed the mountain. The tradition was so strong and universal that even foreigners felt bound by it.
Only the King was allowed to utter prayers and thanksgivings to [[Eru|Eru Ilúvatar]], during the feasts of [[Erukyermë]], [[Erulaitalë]] and [[Eruhantalë]].

Birds and animals did not approach the site, and only the [[Eagles|Eagles of Manwë]] were seen circling over the summit. They were also regarded as sacred guardians of the mountain and all the land.

The base of Meneltarma sloped gently and divided itself into five roots reaching out towards the five divisions of the land. These roots were called [[Tarmasundar]], the ''Roots of the Pillar''. On the southern slopes were located the tombs of [[Rulers of Númenor|Kings and Queens of Númenor]], in a valley called [[Noirinan]].

After the destruction of Númenor, the only trace of the island was a very small island, and on it was what was left of the great mountain.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Meneltarma|Images of Meneltarma]]

[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Númenor]]

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The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún

2009-07-21T15:30:55Z

134.93.50.217: iw fr fi

{{book
|title=The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún
|image=
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.)
|isbn=
|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]
|date=[[May 5]]th, [[2009]]
|format=Hardcover, Audiobook
|pages=384
|amazon=http://www.amazon.co.uk/Legend-Sigurd-Gudr%C3%BAn-J-Tolkien/dp/0007317239
|amazonprice=£12.53
|}}
'''The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún''' is a forthcoming publication by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]

==From the publisher==
The world first publication of a previously unknown work by J.R.R. Tolkien, which tells the epic story of the Norse hero, Sigurd, the dragon-slayer, the revenge of his wife, Gudrun, and the Fall of the Nibelungs. Many years ago, J.R.R. Tolkien composed his own version, now published for the first time, of the great legend of Northern antiquity, in two closely related poems to which he gave the titles The New Lay of the Volsungs and The New Lay of Gudrun. In the Lay of the Volsungs is told the ancestry of the great hero Sigurd, the slayer of Fafnir most celebrated of dragons, whose treasure he took for his own; of his awakening of the Valkyrie Brynhild who slept surrounded by a wall of fire; and of his coming to the court of the great princes who were named the Niflungs (or Nibelungs), with whom he entered into blood-brotherhood. In that court there sprang great love but also great hate, brought about by the power of the enchantress, mother of the Niflungs, skilled in the arts of magic, of shape-changing and potions of forgetfulness. In scenes of dramatic intensity, of confusion of identity, thwarted passion, jealousy and bitter strife, the tragedy of Sigurd and Brynhild, and Gudrun his sister, mounts to its end in the murder of Sigurd at the hands of his blood-brothers, the suicide of Brynhild, and the despair of Gudrun. In the Lay of Gudrun her fate after the death of Sigurd is told, her marriage against her will to the mighty Atli, ruler of the Huns (the Attila of history), his murder of her brothers, and her hideous revenge. Deriving his version primarily from his close study of the ancient poetry of Norway and Iceland known as the Poetic Edda (and from the later prose work the Volsunga Saga), Tolkien employed a verse-form whose lines embody in English the exacting alliterative rhythms and the concentrated energy of the poems of the Edda.

==Editions==
There are currently four different editions the work will be available in: Hardcover, Audiobook, Special Edition, and a Signed Limited Edition.

===Hardcover===
* Price: £12.53
* ISBN 0007317239
* ISBN 978-0007317233
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/Legend-Sigurd-Gudr%C3%BAn-J-Tolkien/dp/0007317239 Amazon.co.uk Product Page]

===Audiobook===
* Price: £14.99
* ISBN 0007318820
* ISBN 978-0007318827
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/Legend-Sigurd-Gudrun-J-Tolkien/dp/0007318820 Amazon.co.uk Product Page]

===Special Edition===
* Price: £60.00
* ISBN 0007317255
* ISBN 978-0007317257
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/Legend-Sigurd-Gudrun-J-R-R-Tolkien/dp/0007317255 Amazon.co.uk Product Page]

===Signed Limited Edition===
* Price: £250.00
* Copies: 500
* ISBN 0-00-731972-X
* ISBN 978-0-00-731972-5
* Will be available for purchase through [http://www.tolkien.co.uk Tolkien.co.uk]

[[Category:Books]]
[[de:The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún]]
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[[fi:The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún]]

Talk:Gwaihir

2009-06-03T17:52:46Z

134.93.50.217: Longevity of Eagles/canon

“If this was to be considered canon then Gwaihir would be exceptionally old by the time of his actions in the War of the Ring; at least 6000 years old.”

So what? Treebeard was alive in the First Age as well; and if one considers the Chapter ''Of Aulë and Yavanna'' in ''The Silmarillion'', one will see that Ents and Eagles are of similar nature. Therefore, it seems quite plausible to me that Eagles have an extremely long life-span.

Furthermore, Christopher Tolkien explicitly stated that he considered it a mistake of his not to include the mention of Gwaihir and Landroval in ''The Silmarillion'' (in ''Sauron Defeated'', chapter ''the Field of Kormallen''). [[Canon]] states that on Tolkien Gateway, “[i]n general, ''The Silmarillion'' and ''Unfinished Tales'' are treated as canon, but corrections published in ''The History of Middle-earth'' generally take precedence.”

Greetings, [[Special:Contributions/134.93.50.217|134.93.50.217]] 17:52, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

Talk:Errantry

2009-04-27T23:52:19Z

134.93.50.217: Errantry vs. Song of Earendil

Should "Dumbledor" have a seperate article? --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 13:52, 20 June 2006 (EDT)

:I think so. I've thrown up a stub over at [[Dumbledors]], the plural to go with the standard of [[Orcs]], [[Men]], [[Elves]], etc. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 14:23, 20 June 2006 (EDT)

== Dumbledor ==

I'm not entirely comfortable with referencing David Day in either this article or [[Dumbledors]] to be honest. I can't actually find any other source to back up his claim, can anyone else? Loads of websites say that same thing but they all reference David Day (which I don't think is healthy). --[[User:Mith|Mith]] 11:37, 14 January 2008 (EST)

:Well, if we built in a heavy caveat emptor in the Bestiary article, and put up a noncanon tag on every reference to it, shouldn't that be enough? [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 11:43, 14 January 2008 (EST)

==''Song of Earendil'' vs. ''Errantry''==
‘A much shorter version would be included in ''The Fellowship of the Ring'': the ''Song of Eärendil''.’

Careful comparison has led me to believe – and I think this belief reasonably well-founded – that the ''Song of Earendil'' is in fact much '''longer''' than ''Errantry'' ;-) But the relationship of these two poems deserves a much lengthier discussion anyway, that’s why I didn’t edit this myself straightaway. [[Special:Contributions/134.93.50.217|134.93.50.217]] 23:52, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Hobbits

2009-04-24T21:04:40Z

134.93.50.217: iw de fr fi

{{race
| image= [[Image:Peter Jackson's Samwise Gamgee.jpg|250px]]
| name= Hobbits
| dominions= [[The Shire]], [[Bree-land]]
| languages= [[Hobbitish]] (a regional dialect of [[Westron]])
| height= 2-4 feet (often less than three feet in later days)
| skincolor= Nut-brown to White
| haircolor= Typically curly brown, rarely blond (until the [[Fourth Age]]), and white and grey in later years
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], diminuitive stature, furry feet
| lifespan= c. 100 years
| members= [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], [[Sméagol]], [[Bandobras Took]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]]
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.|[[An Unexpected Party]], [[The Hobbit]]}}
'''Hobbits''' were a small race that typically dwelt underground, believed to be related to [[Men]]. They played little role in history, save during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Description==

Hobbits are, or were, between two to four feet tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches, with slightly pointed ears and oversized furry feet with leathery soles, resulting in most never wearing shoes. They are fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, and socializing. Hobbits have a life span somewhat longer than Men of non-Numenorian descent, having an average lifespan of between 90 and 100 years (the two oldest-living recorded hobbits are The [[Old Took]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]], who reached the ages of 130 and 131, respectively) The time at which a young hobbit "comes of age" is 33, as compared to the human 21 years. Thus a 70 year old hobbit would only be middle-aged. Hobbits also like to drink ale in inns, not unlike the English countryfolk, who were Tolkien's inspiration. We can also see that in the name Tolkien chose for the part of [[Middle-earth]] where the hobbits live: [[The Shire]] ("shires" are administrative divisions in England of Anglo-Saxon origin).

(Mealtimes, at least according to the [[Peter Jackson]] script adaptation of the novel, consist at least of the seven meals known as breakfast, second breakfast, elevenses, luncheon, afternoon tea, dinner and supper. Tolkien did say that hobbits eat "at least six meals a day when they can get it", but he didn't give their names.)

==Origin==
[[Hobbits]] are considered Men. Nearly all scholars agree that Men are closely related to [[Hobbits]], far more closely than Men are to either [[Elf|Elves]] or [[Dwarves]]. It is thus commonly assumed that Hobbits are among the Younger Children of [[Eru|Iluvatar]] and are the result of the same act of creation as Men. This would imply that Hobbits have the [[Gift of Men]] to pass entirely beyond [[Arda]], which also means that the avoidance of the Gift of Men in Hobbits, like in Men, can be physically and morally destructive. [[Sméagol]], who had originally been a Hobbit, was transformed into the monster [[Gollum]] by a combination of the evil of the [[One Ring]] and the resulting avoidance of the [[Gift of Men]]. [[Bilbo Baggins]] became "thin and stretched" from the immortality that the One Ring granted to him, since neither Men nor Hobbits are intended for it. Men and Hobbits appear to have the same ontological nature, which is that they are the result of the act of creation that resulted in the Younger Children of [[Eru|Iluvatar]].

Their exact origin is unknown, but by the early [[Third Age]] they were living in the Vales of [[Anduin]] in [[Wilderland]], between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[Misty Mountains]]. They have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of humankind.

==History==
At this time, there were three '''Hobbit-kinds''', with different temperaments. The [[Harfoots]], the most numerous, were almost identical to the Hobbits as they are described in ''The Lord of the Rings''. The [[Stoors]] had an affinity for water, boats and swimming; the [[Fallohides]] were an adventurous people. (Both of these traits were much rarer in later days.) While situated in the Valley of the Anduin River the Hobbits lived close by the [[Eotheod]], the ancestors of the [[Rohirrim]], and this led to some contact between the two. As a result many old words and names in "Hobbitish" are derivatives of words in Rohirric, so much so that even someone without linguistic training could make out the relation (Merry would later write an entire book devoted to the relationship, ''Old Place Names in the Shire'').

Some time near the beginning of the [[Third Age]], they undertook, for reasons unknown, but possibly having to do with the [[Dol Guldur|rising evil power in Mirkwood]], the arduous task of crossing the [[Misty Mountains]]. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that [[Gollum]] would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River [[Baranduin]] (which they renamed ''Brandywine'') and the Weather Hills. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.

Around the year 1600 of the Third Age, two Fallohide brothers decided, again for reasons unknown, to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. Only [[Bree]] and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called [[The Shire]].

Originally the Hobbits of the Shire swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of Arnor, being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against [[Angmar]] at the Battle of Fornost, the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help but this is nowhere else recorded. After the battle the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king the Hobbits elected a Thain of the Shire from among their own chieftans.

The first Thain of the Shire was Bucca of the Marrish, who founded the Oldbuck family. However, later on the Oldbuck family crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of Buckland and the family name changed to the familiar "Brandybuck". Their patriach then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the Oldbucks/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftans be Thain, the Took family (Indeed, Pippin Took was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of Shire Moot and Muster and the [[Hobbitry-in-Arms]], but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality.
==Some well-known Hobbits==
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise "Sam" Gamgee]]
* [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]]
* [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]]
* [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]]
* [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Old Took]]
* [[Bullroarer|Bullroarer Took]]
* [[Sméagol]] (who became the creature [[Gollum]])
* [[Déagol]]

Though in [[The Hobbit]] it is mentioned that [[Gandalf]] "was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures," no female Hobbits are depicted in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s stories doing so; however Hobbit women do appear in his works, such as the formidable [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] and Sam's wife [[Rosie Cotton]].

== Etymology ==

Hobbits are also called ''[[Halflings]]'' due to their small stature. However, the term is slightly offensive to Hobbits, as to themselves they are not 'half' of anything, and certainly do not use the term to refer to themselves.

In [[Sindarin]] the word for Hobbit is ''perian'' pl. ''periannath'' which is a translation of "halfling"

''Hobbit'' was derived from [[Old English]] ''hol-bytla'', "hole-dweller" which represents the [[Rohirric]] language.

The relationship hobbit/holbytla parallels the original [[Westron]] ''Kuduk'' (Hobbit), derived from the actual Rohirric ''kûd-dûkan'' (holbytla, hole dweller). This name obviously derives from the times when the hobbits lived at the [[Vales of Anduin]] with the [[Northmen]].

Tolkien's etymology for 'Hobbit' is interesting as well: obviously constructed meaningless, without prior intent, it would have been natural for him to connect it to the German prefix ''hob'' meaning ''small'' (e.g. ''hobgoblin''). However this prefix dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards; thence when later he began to work out the language relations further (see: [[Mannish]]) he connected it to ''hol-butla''.

According to Tolkien, the word ''hobbit'' was the first element of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' that he created. As a university lecturer, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribbling on a piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit", and the multitude of stories sprang from that. The idea of a little hole dwelling creature was introduced to Tolkien by one of his students in a story he had written.

== In popular usage ==

"Hobbit" is a trademark owned by the Tolkien estate, as are most of the names, places and artifacts included in books by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. For this reason [[Dungeons and Dragons]] and other fantasy tend to refer to Hobbits and Hobbit-like races rather as '''Halflings''' (''hin'' in the Mystara universe, ''hurthlings'' in Ancient Domains of Mystery).

The name ''hobbit'' had previously appeared in an obscure "list of spirits" by Michael Denham, which includes several repetitions. There is no evidence to suggest Tolkien used this as a source — indeed he spent many years trying to find out whether he really did coin the word. Denham's "hobbit spirits" (which are never referenced anywhere except in the long list) have no obvious relation to Tolkien's Hobbits, other than the name (which may possibly imply hob- "small", see below): Tolkien's Hobbits are small humans, not spirits. Nonetheless, some few people have suggested that the reference in the Denham list should invalidate the trademark.

The lexeme ''hob'', meaning ''small'', is a root word for ''hobbledehoy'', ''hobgoblin'', and ''hobyah''. This may have influenced Tolkien's name; see '''[[#Origin|Origin]]''' above.

''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis Homo floresiensis]'', a possible species in the genus Homo (thus, related to humans) discovered in 2004, has been informally dubbed a "hobbit" by its discoverers due to its small size.

[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/hobbits]]
[[de:Hobbits]]
[[fi:Hobitit]]

Tales from the Perilous Realm

2009-03-20T23:09:51Z

134.93.50.217: iw de fr

{{stub}}

{{book|
title=Tales from the Perilous Realm|
image=[[Image:Tales from the Perilous Realm 2008 cover.jpg|250px]]|
author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|
isbn=0261103423|
publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|
date=January [[1997]]|
format=Hardback in dustwrapper|
pages= 178|
amazon=http://www.amazon.com/Tales-Perilous-Realm-J-Tolkien/dp/0261103423/|
amazonprice=Out of stock
}}

'''Tales from the Perilous Realm''', first published in 1997, is a compilation of several short stories and poems by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], which had been previously published separately or in other compilations:

* [[Farmer Giles of Ham]]
* [[Leaf by Niggle]]
* [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]
* [[Smith of Wootton Major]]

== From the publisher ==
The fat and unheroic Farmer Giles of Ham is called upon to do battle with the dragon Chrysophylax; Niggle the painter sets out to paint the perfect tree in Leaf by Niggle; hobbits, princesses, dwarves and trolls partake in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil; and Smith of Wootton Major journeys to the Land of Faery via the magical ingredients of a giant cake.

==2008 edition==
A new edition is wa published in September [[2008]], followed by the [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|full-cast dramatization]] in October. ''Tales from the Perilous Realm'' was 2008's "flagship book"; ''[[Roverandom]]'' was added to the compilation.<sup>[http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/836-Tales_from_the_Perilous_Realm.php]</sup>

[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[de:Fabelhafte Geschichten]]
[[de:Tales from the Perilous Realm]]
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/faerie]]
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/faerie2]]