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Harad

2015-01-18T02:48:35Z

171.96.183.225:

{{location
|image=[[Image:Harad map.jpg|250px]]
|name=Harad
|othernames=Haradwaith, Sunlands, Sutherland
|etymology=
|type=Region
|location=South of [[Gondor]] and [[Mordor]]
|inhabitants=[[Haradrim]]
|realms=Various tribal societies
|description=A vast hot area, filled with deserts and jungles
|events=
|references=
|}}
'''Harad''' was the name of the immense lands to the South of [[Gondor]] and [[Mordor]]. It was inhabited by many different tribes called [[Haradrim]].

== History ==
[[File:John Howe - Icon Harad.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[John Howe]] - Harad War Icon]]
=== Second Age ===
During the [[Second Age]], the Haradrim came in contact with [[Sauron]] and the [[Númenóreans]]. The Men of [[Númenor]] explored the coasts of [[Middle-earth]], including the coast lands of Harad. In the 9th century of the Second Age, the great mariner [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] explored the coast of Harad far to the south and was nearly shipwrecked.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref>

The Númenóreans, who had explored and colonized the Harad coastlines, initially benefited the people in the lands they explored by teaching them many things about agriculture and craftsmanship.<ref>{{App|Numenor}}</ref> The Númenóreans made settlements on the southern coasts, including the Havens of [[Umbar]] where they built a great fortress in {{SA|2280|n}}.<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref>

After the reign of [[Tar-Ciryatan]], the Númenóreans began to set themselves up as lords in Middle-earth as they demanded tribute of goods and wealth, causing the oppression of the Haradrim. [[Sauron]] did not at first dare to extend his power to the coast where the Númenóreans held power. But after the forging of the [[Rings of Power]] and the emergence of the [[Nazgûl]], Sauron began to attack the Númenórean settlements on the coast.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

[[Ar-Pharazôn]] of Númenor landed at [[Umbar]] in {{SA|3261|n}}<ref name="SA"/> with a great fleet and the people on the coasts fled before them. Sauron's forces refused to fight and he allowed himself to be taken to Númenor where he corrupted the King and his followers. Under Ar-Pharazon, the Númenóreans made war on the Men of Middle-earth, enslaving them and using them for human sacrifices.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

The Númenóreans who lived in Harad survived the destruction of Númenor in {{SA|3319|n}}.<ref name="SA"/> They became known as the [[Black Númenóreans]] because they remained under the influence of Sauron.<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref> Some of them "rose to great power amongst the Haradrim".<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

=== Third Age ===
[[Image:Jan Pospisil - Haradrim Camp.jpg|thumb|170px|left|Jan Pospíšil - ''Haradrim Camp'']]
For many centuries of the [[Third Age]], many Haradrim were still ruled by Black Númenórean Lords, or further north by the Kings of [[Gondor]]. Ultimately the Harad fell under the influence of [[Mordor]] for much of the Age.

[[Near Harad]] later formed an alliance—or maybe even a coalition of some sort—with the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and was involved in a series of continual battles with Gondor over [[South Gondor]] or ''Harondor''. Anciently its northern border was held to be the river [[Harnen]], but by the time of the [[War of the Ring]] all the land south of the river [[Poros]] was under the influence of the Haradrim.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

After the revival of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and [[Arnor]] in the [[Fourth Age]], much of the Harad may have again fallen under the rule of Gondor.

== Geography ==
Harad was located south of Mordor, with the [[Ephel Dúath|Mountains of Shadow]] forming part of the northern border of Harad. The River Harnen flowed westward from the Mountains of Shadow to the [[Bay of Belfalas]] and was Harad's border with South Gondor - a deserted region contested between [[Gondor]] and Harad. The Harad Road ran from Harad northward through South Gondor and on to [[Ithilien]].

To the northeast of Harad was [[Khand]], a land that also had ties with Sauron. It is not known how far eastward or southward Harad stretched. On the west, Harad was bounded by the Bay of [[Belfalas]] and the [[Belegaer|Sea]].

The northernmost part of Harad was called Near Harad and the southern part was [[Far Harad]]. On the coast there was a natural harbor with a narrow cape curving around it. The coastal region around the harbor was known as Umbar, and the harbor was called the Havens of Umbar. The seafaring raiders known as the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] lived there. At the eastern end of the harbor was the City of the Corsairs.<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref>

Much of Far Harad was a jungle, although there also was a desert. In the [[Great Forest of the South]] in Far Harad lived the gigantic [[Oliphaunts]], which were used by the Haradrim as moving war towers.

Harad's location in the far south isolated it to a certain extent from the rest of Middle-earth. The climate was much warmer and sunnier (Harad was called the "[[Sunlands]]" by the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]]). There were unusual animals such as the Oliphaunts.<ref name="Gate">{{TT|IV3}}</ref> Even the constellations in Harad's night sky down in the southern hemisphere were different from those in northern Middle-earth ([[Aragorn]] had traveled far into Harad "where the stars are strange"<ref name="Council"/>).

== Social Organisation ==
[[Image:Kyle Anderson - Haradrim King.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Kyle Anderson]] - ''Haradrim King'']]
Harad's tribes were divided—at least in the minds of the men of northwestern Middle-earth—into those of [[Near Harad|Near]] and [[Far Harad]], although there were many tribes of the Haradrim, often mutually hostile. Those of Near Harad were brown-skinned, with black hair and dark eyes, whereas the people of Far Harad had black skin.<ref name="Gate"/> It is also presumed that every tribe had a chieftain, who served as their leader and general in the battlefield.

== Etymology ==
''Harad'' means "South" in [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{App|E1i}}</ref> The word is derived from [[Sundocarme|root]] [[KHYAR]], and is cognate to [[Quenya]] ''[[hyarmen]]'' ("south").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''KHYAR'''</ref> It is also called [[Haradwaith]] which includes ''[[gwaith]]'' ("people").

The [[Men]] of Harad were called [[Haradrim]] ("Southern-host").<ref name="Council">{{FR|II2}}</ref>
==Other versions of the Legendarium==
An early name of Harad was ''(Sun)Harrowland'', which is derived from the [[Old English]] name of the Aethiopans, ''Sigerhearwan'', and therefore meaning "Aethiopia" (See also: ''[[Sigelwara Land]]'').<ref>{{TI|Fangorn}}, Note 4</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]
[[Category:Southern lands]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Harad]]
[[fi:Harad]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/harad]]

Haradrim

2015-01-18T02:48:02Z

171.96.183.225:

{{race
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Haradrim.jpg|250px]]
| name=Haradrim
| dominions=[[Harad]], including [[Umbar]], [[Near Harad]] and [[Far Harad]]
| languages=presumably numerous; different from [[Common Speech]]
| height=shorter than [[Numenoreans]]
| length=
| skincolor=dark
| haircolor=dark
| feathers=
| distinctions=Alliance with [[Sauron]]; use of giant [[Oliphaunts]] in battle
| lifespan=shorter than [[Numenoreans]]
| members=Serpent Lord
|}}

The '''Haradrim''' or '''Southrons''' were the proud and warlike people of the [[Harad]], in the south of [[Middle-earth]]. Ancient enemies of [[Gondor]], they allied with [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

== History ==
The ancestors of the Haradrim were [[Men]] who awoke in the [[First Age]], but stayed to the [[East]] of [[Middle-earth]], not joining the migration of the [[Edain]] to the [[West (disambiguation)|West]]. They eventually settled in [[Harad]], where the [[Sun]] is fierce and there are no clouds. It is possible that they were relatives of the [[Swarthy Men]] who went to [[Beleriand]] after the Edain. The Haradrim remained a fierce, cruel people.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Andreas Moehn]]|articleurl=http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Men_of_Darkness.html|articlename=The History of the Men of Darkness|website=Lalaith}}</ref>

In the [[East]], as well as in the [[South]] of [[Middle-earth]], wild and barbaric Men multiplied. In the [[Second Age]] [[Sauron]] escaped the judgment of the [[Valar]] and continued his former master's work, turning those Men to evil and dominating them.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>
=== Second Age ===
During the [[Second Age]] the [[Númenóreans|High Men]] of [[Númenor]] built a great city in the firth of [[Umbar]], a vast natural harbour on the southern shores of the [[Bay of Belfalas]], eventually turning the city into a fortified citadel from whose gates the Men of Númenor initially benefited the people in the lands they explored by teaching them many things about agriculture and craftsmanship.<ref>{{App|Numenor}}</ref> After the reign of [[Tar-Ciryatan]], the Númenóreans began to set themselves up as lords in Middle-earth as they demanded tribute of goods and wealth, causing the oppression of the Haradrim. Under [[Ar-Pharazon]], the Númenóreans made war on the Men of Middle-earth, enslaving them and using them for human sacrifices.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

In the following centuries they were influenced by [[Sauron]] and [[Black Númenóreans]], those evil High Men who stayed in Harad and survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]].<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref> The Haradrim became enemies of [[Gondor]], as the Kingdom's southern borders was close to their lands. Shortly before the [[War of the Last Alliance]], two Númenórean lords, [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]], "rose to great power amongst the Haradrim".<ref name=rings/>

=== Third Age ===
The Haradrim did not trouble the [[Realms in Exile]] for many centuries, until in {{TA|1015}}, they followed the Black Númenóreans against Umbar to recapture it. Their great power was not enough against the sea-power of Gondor. The attempts lasted for 35 years until, in {{TA|1050}}, [[Ciryandil]] defeated the Haradrim force by sending troops by land.<ref name="annals">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Later however kings of [[Harad]] who were in league with the [[Umbar]] rebelled against Gondor. King [[Aldamir]] fell in battle against them but his son [[Vinyarion]] won a great victory in Harad in {{TA|1551}}.<ref name="annals"/>

The Haradrim later were allied with the [[Wainriders]], a confederation of [[Easterlings]], and the Men of [[Khand]]. During the simultaneous assaults from the north and the south, the South-kingdom came close to destruction. The campaigns ended with the Wainraiders' definite defeat in the [[Battle of the Camp]] in {{TA|1944}}.<ref name="annals"/>

Around that time, some Haradrim were among the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], a constant harassment for Gondor.<ref name=foster>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Haradrim"</ref>

The Haradrim were stirred up by emissaries of Sauron to attack Gondor again, and in {{TA|2885}}, they did so at the [[Crossings of Poros]], but were defeated again as they faced also the [[Rohirrim]]. The [[twins|twin]] sons of [[Kings of Rohan|King]] [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]], were slain in that battle.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref><ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref>

At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the Southrons were in league with [[Sauron]] and fought alongside his [[Orcs|Orc]] army. The Haradrim were among the forces led by the [[Witch-king]] that attacked [[Osgiliath]] on [[20 June|June 20]], {{TA|3018}},<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> at the beginning of the War. They captured the eastern half of Osgiliath, but [[Boromir]] and [[Faramir]] cast down the bridge across the [[Anduin]] and defended the western half of the city.<ref name="Council">{{FR|II2}}</ref> More Haradrim continued to come up the [[Harad Road]] to Mordor. Faramir and the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] ambushed some companies of Haradrim, but they could not stop them all.<ref>{{TT|IV4}}</ref>

In the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], they deployed cavalry and gigantic, [[Elephants|elephant]]-like [[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]]. Regiments of Haradrim joined the host from Minas Morgul marching to the [[Pelennor Fields]]. Sauron's forces besieged [[Minas Tirith]], and the Mûmakil of Harad were used to bring forward war-towers and siege-engines to test the City's defenses. One of the leaders of the Haradrim at this time bore the standard of the [[Black Serpent|Serpent Lord]] and was slain by King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]] at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref> on [[15 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}.<ref name="Great"/>

Once Sauron was destroyed, the Southrons submitted to the rule of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]].

== Traits and culture ==
[[File:Alan Lee - An Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''An Oliphaunt'']]
The Haradrim were tall, primitive and dark-skinned with black hair and eyes, and for that they were called '''Swertings''' or '''[[Swarthy Men]]'''.<ref name=herbs>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref> Those of [[Near Harad]] were brown-skinned, with black hair and dark eyes, whereas the people of [[Far Harad]] had black skin.<ref name="Gate">{{TT|IV3}}</ref>

Many Haradrim warriors were seen in bright clothing, such as scarlet robes, and were decorated with golden ornaments, such as collars, earrings, corslets of overlapping brazen plates; they braided their hair with gold. Some tribes painted their bodies. Scarlet and red was also the color of their banners, tips of their spears, and body paint. Their shields were yellow and black with spikes.<ref name=herbs/> It is also mentioned that at the end of the Second Age some of the Men in the south had weapons of iron.<ref name=rings/>

The Haradrim had tamed the massive ''[[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]]'' beasts and used them in warfare and, like their masters, were decorated with scarlet and gold. They even strapped towers on their backs, used by Haradrim archers and spearmen.<ref name=herbs/>

[[Half-trolls]] was a name for a race of Men coming from [[Far Harad]], perhaps one of the tribes of the Haradrim.
===Language===
To the [[Gondorians]] their voices sounded harsh, like shouts of beasts.<ref>{{RK|Siege}}</ref>

The only word which is stated to come from a southron language is "Mûmak", the name of the great war-oliphaunts of Harad.<ref>{{webcite|url=http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/m/mumakil.html |title=Mûmakil |work=The Encyclopedia of Arda}}</ref>

[[Gandalf]] states that his name in "the south" is "[[Incánus]]" thought ''Inkā-nūsh'' (or possibly ''Inkā-nūs''), meaning "North-spy".<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref>

Despite having a meaning in Quenya ("fate"), the name [[Umbar]] is said to be adapted from the natives' language and not from Elvish or [[Adûnaic]].

== Etymology ==

''Haradrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of the elements ''[[harad]]'' ("south") + ''[[rim]]'' ("host")<ref>{{L|144}}, p. 178</ref> thus meaning "South-people".<ref name=foster/>

Other names were '''Southerns''', '''Southrons'''.<ref name=foster/>

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
Early variant names for this people were the ''Barangils'',<ref>{{WR|IV}}</ref> the ''Haradwaith'' (from the name of their land) and ''Haradrians''.<ref>{{HM|SD}}, pp. 16-7</ref>

Early [[Westron]] names include ''Harwan'' and ''Silharrows'', which are derived from the [[Old English]] name of the Aethiopians, ''Sigelhearwan'' (See also: ''[[Sigelwara Land]]'').<ref>{{TI|Fangorn}}, Note 4</ref>

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''

:The Haradrim appear briefly in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers|The Two Towers]] when Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] witness a raid on one of their columns by [[Faramir|Faramir's]] rangers. They are featured more prominently in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]], in which the battle between the [[Rohirrim]] and the [[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]] is a major action sequence.

:While the [[The Return of the King|book]] depicts the Southron army as primarily cavalry armed with scimitars, we see no horsemen in the movie: the Haradrim fight almost exclusively from platforms mounted on the backs of their monstrous [[oliphaunts]]. They have also adorned the animals' tusks with spikes and shafts that crush and impale numerous enemy horsemen.

:The costumes of the Haradrim in the movie are Middle Eastern in style and dark brown or black in color, while the Haradrim wore red livery in the book.

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Haradrim|Images of Haradrim]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Haradrim| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[de:Haradrim]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/haradrim]]
[[fi:Haradrim]]

Dunlendish

2015-01-18T02:47:18Z

171.96.183.225:

{{sources}}
'''Dunlendish''' was the [[Mannish]] tongue used by the [[Dunlendings]],<ref>{{App|Hobbits}}</ref> who inhabited the lands west of the [[Misty Mountains]] and northward from the [[Gap of Rohan]].

The language was akin to the language of the [[House of Haleth]] of the [[First Age]] and is almost completely lost, and only a single recorded word remains - ''[[forgoil]]'', a Dunlendish word literally meaning 'strawheads', and used as an insult for their enemies, the [[Rohirrim]].

At one time, a language akin to Dunlendish was spoken by some of the [[Hobbits]] of [[Stoors|Stoor-kind]], but by the later [[Third Age]] their descendants in [[the Shire]] had long abandoned it for the [[Westron|Common Speech]].

The only analysis that can be done with some degree of credibility, is that the final part -il could be the plural marker of the word; then, it would be reminiscent to the [[Elvish]] partitive plural -li, and perhaps related.

{{references}}
[[Category:Dunlendings]]
[[Category:Mannish]]
[[fi:Mustainmaan kieli]]

Dunlendings

2015-01-18T02:45:47Z

171.96.183.225:

{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[File:John Howe - Dunlending.jpg|250px]]
|name=Dunlendings
|dominions=[[Dunland]]
|languages=[[Westron]]
|height=smaller in stature than other men
|length=
|skincolor=darker than other [[Men]]
|haircolor=dark
|feathers=
|distinctions=
|lifespan=as all men
|members=
}}
'''Dunlendings''' were the ferocious, stunted and vicious [[men]] that lived in [[Dunland]], close to [[Rohan]]. Also called the ''Wild Men of Dunland'', they had long been enemies of the [[Rohirrim]], because they were jealous that the rich lands of the old [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] province of Calenardhon were granted by the Gondorians to the Rohirrim instead of them.
== History ==
=== Origins ===
The ancestors of the Dunlendings were also the ancestors of the [[House of Haleth|Haladin]], the second of the Three Houses of the [[Edain]] who led her people from East Beleriand to Brethil. They were a reclusive folk, dark-haired but smaller in stature than the [[Bëorians]] or the [[Marachians]]. They kept separate from the other Men. Their language was different from the ones that used by the other Edain.

After the fall of [[Beleriand]], the survivors went to [[Númenor]] but those who didn't cross the [[Ered Luin]] settled upon either side of the [[Gwathló]] or in the [[Ered Nimrais]]. In the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] lived among them and shared close relationship, more than with any other race of men.

=== Númenórean contact ===
In ancient times the peoples who were the ancestors of the Dunlendings ranged over much [[Eriador]] and what later became [[Gondor]], but they were increasingly driven back by the [[Númenóreans]]. Offshoots of these peoples survived in isolated places like the hilly country of Dunland or in the White Mountains: thus the [[Oathbreakers]] are akin to the ancient Dunlendings.

During the advance of the Númenóreans, many people overcame their fear of the Elves and fled from [[Minhiriath]] into the dark woods of the great Cape of [[Eryn Vorn]]. Those from [[Enedwaith]] took refuge in the eastern mountains that would become [[Dunland]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> Interestingly, the [[Men of Bree]] are themselves actually an offshoot of the Dunlendings, who moved even further north until they reached what became the [[Bree-land]], and were absorbed into [[Arnor]].

Some of the [[Pre-Númenóreans]] were absorbed into the population of Gondor, and some stayed in the White Mountains. There are few records of the [[Dunlendish|Dunlending language]], due to their lack of a written history and poor oral tradition.

They remained unaffected, independent and even unfriendly to the Dúnedain, holding their own manners and [[Dunlendish]] language<ref name="lang">{{App|Languages}}</ref>. However the Dunlendings also remained hostile to those with [[Orc]]-blood<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref>. The Dunlendings also dwelled alongside the [[Stoors|Stoor]] Hobbits during their [[Wandering Days]] and the latter even formed a related language to theirs.<ref name="lang"/>

The Dunlendings suffered from the [[Great Plague]] less than other peoples owing to their isolation<ref name="lang"/> and were still found in the foothills of the Misty Mountains. By the time of the [[Ruling Stewards]] they ceased to be subjects of Gondor and, being surrounded by barbarous folk<ref name="GC">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, they moved to settle the region of [[Calenardhon]] as Gondor ceased to man the garrisons during the [[Watchful Peace]].<ref name="Isen">{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

=== Arrival of the Rohirrim ===
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Dunlendings.jpg|thumb|right|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dunlendings'']]

In {{TA|1944}}, Calenardhon passed to the Northern [[Eotheod]] who came from [[Rhovanion]] and the wild hillmen and herd-folk who the Dunlendings viewed as competitors and usurpers. [[Kings of Rohan|Kings]] [[Brego]] and [[Aldor]] drove the Dunlendings out of [[Rohan]] beyond the Isen until Enedwaith. As the ensuing enmity did not concern the [[Stewards of Gondor]], the Dunlendings kept hostilities to the [[Rohirrim]] and attacked whenever the latter were weak or in trouble<ref name="Isen"/>.

After the death of King Aldor, and as [[Isengard]] became more friendly to them, the Dunlendings passed and settled northern [[Westfold]], the mountain glens around the Ring, and southern eaves of [[Fangorn Forest]], becoming openly hostile.<ref name="Isen"/> This allowed the two peoples to mingle in some peaceful circumstances; and the dark-haired Landlord [[Freca]] was said to have Dunlendish blood<ref name="Mark">{{App|Mark}}</ref> But the Dunlendings began raiding over the Isen during the reign of King [[Déor]], and when it became clear that the raiders were coming from near Isengard, in {{TA|2710}} Déor led an expedition to the north. He found and defeated a host of Dunlendings, but discovered that Isengard was held by hostile forces. He was unable to drive them out as [[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Egalmoth]] could not send help.<ref name="Isen"/>

The worst of these incidents was when Freca's son, [[Wulf]], allied with the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] who were in turn stirred by Sauron, keeping safe his properties at [[Adorn]]. Joining his kin from outside of Rohan with enemies of Gondor that had landed in the mouths of [[Lefnui]] and Isen, Rohan was invaded from the East, the Isen and Isengard, and finally Wulf took [[Edoras]] in {{TA|2758}}. Gondor, fighting Corsair fleets, could not help<ref name="Mark"/> as the people of Rohan survived the crisis due to the leadership of King [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]], the usurping Dunlendings were reduced after the [[Long Winter]] and finished off by [[Fréaláf]]. The Rohirrim now kept a strong force in north Westfold.<ref name="Isen"/>

Eventually many Dunlendings were found later in the Westfold of Rohan, until [[Folcwine]], aided by Gondor, reconquered it.<ref name="Mark"/> But the people remaining between [[Isen]] and [[Adorn]] were largely of mixed blood, and not loyal to Edoras.<ref name="Isen"/>

The Dunlendings were employed by the [[wizard]] [[Saruman]] to attack and raid the cities and settlements of Rohan. Since [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] had corrupted the mind of King [[Théoden]], the fighting men of the Rohirrim were absent for the most part. As a result, the Dunlendings easily overpowered the old men and young boys who remained.

Wild Men were also present at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] (Battle of Helm's Deep), as well as [[Half-orcs]], derived from [[Orcs]] and the [[Men]] of Dunland. The fighting was vicious, but the Dunlendings surrendered after [[Gandalf]] appeared. In contrast, the Orcs fled into the forest of [[Fangorn Forest|Fangorn]] and were destroyed by [[Huorns]].

[[Saruman]]'s defeat at Isengard put a stop to Dunlending aggression in Rohan. However, [[The Scouring of the Shire]] by Saruman, under the alias of [[Sharkey]], was carried out with the backing of a considerable number of Dunlendings.

== Names ==

A [[Sindarin]] name for the Dunlendings was ''Gwathuirim'' (''[[gwathui]]'' "shadowy" + ''[[rim]]'' "people").<ref>{{PM|X}}, p. 330 (note 76)</ref><ref>[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en-strict.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] (accessed 31 December 2010)</ref>

==Inspiration==
It is possible that the rivalry between the primitive Dunlendings and the blond-haired, pseudo-Anglo-Saxon Rohirrim who migrated into the lands neighboring them was meant by Tolkien to be analagous to the real life conflicts that arose between the Anglo-Saxons in England and neighboring [[Celtic]] peoples.

This is supported by the fact that placenames of [[Bree-land]] like [[Bree]], [[Archet]] and [[Combe]] are Celtic. The [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[Hobbits]] (who had stayed long in [[Dunland]]), have Celtic elements in their names. Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Dunlendings|Images of Dunlendings]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Dunlendings| ]]
[[category:Servants of Saruman]]
[[de:Dunländer]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunlendings]]
[[fi:Mustainmaalaiset]]

Dunlendings

2015-01-18T02:45:07Z

171.96.183.225:

{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[File:John Howe - Dunlending.jpg|250px]]
|name=Dunlendings
|dominions=[[Dunland]]
|languages=[[Westron]]
|height=smaller in stature than other men
|length=
|skincolor=darker than other [[Men]]
|haircolor=dark
|feathers=
|distinctions=
|lifespan=as all men
|members=
}}
'''Dunlendings''' were the ferocious, stunted and vicious [[men]] that lived in [[Dunland]], close to [[Rohan]]. Also called the ''Wild Men of Dunland'', they had long been enemies of the [[Rohirrim]], because they were jealous that the rich lands of the old [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] province of Calenardhon were granted by the Gondorians to the Rohirrim instead of them.
== History ==
=== Origins ===
The ancestors of the Dunlendings were also the ancestors of the [[House of Haleth|Haladin]], the second of the Three Houses of the [[Edain]] who led her people from East Beleriand to Brethil. They were a reclusive folk, dark-haired but smaller in stature than the [[Bëorians]] or the [[Marachians]]. They kept separate from the other Men. Their language was different from the ones that used by the other Edain.

After the fall of [[Beleriand]], the survivors went to [[Númenor]] but those who didn't cross the [[Ered Luin]] settled upon either side of the [[Gwathló]] or in the [[Ered Nimrais]]. In the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] lived among them and shared close relationship, more than with any other race of men.

=== Númenórean contact ===
In ancient times the peoples who were the ancestors of the Dunlendings ranged over much [[Eriador]] and what later became [[Gondor]], but they were increasingly driven back by the [[Númenóreans]]. Offshoots of these peoples survived in isolated places like the hilly country of Dunland or in the White Mountains: thus the [[Oathbreakers]] are akin to the ancient Dunlendings.

During the advance of the Númenóreans, many people overcame their fear of the Elves and fled from [[Minhiriath]] into the dark woods of the great Cape of [[Eryn Vorn]]. Those from [[Enedwaith]] took refuge in the eastern mountains that would become [[Dunland]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> Interestingly, the [[Men of Bree]] are themselves actually an offshoot of the Dunlendings, who moved even further north until they reached what became the [[Bree-land]], and were absorbed into [[Arnor]].

Some of the [[Pre-Númenóreans]] were absorbed into the population of Gondor, and some stayed in the White Mountains. There are few records of the [[Dunlendish|Dunlending language]], due to their lack of a written history and poor oral tradition.

They remained unaffected, independent and even unfriendly to the Dúnedain, holding their own manners and [[Dunlendish]] language<ref name="lang">{{App|Languages}}</ref>. However the Dunlendings also remained hostile to those with [[Orc]]-blood<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref>. The Dunlendings also dwelled alongside the [[Stoors|Stoor]] Hobbits during their [[Wandering Days]] and the latter even formed a related language to theirs.<ref name="lang"/>

The Dunlendings suffered from the [[Great Plague]] less than other peoples owing to their isolation<ref name="lang"/> and were still found in the foothills of the Misty Mountains. By the time of the [[Ruling Stewards]] they ceased to be subjects of Gondor and, being surrounded by barbarous folk<ref name="GC">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, they moved to settle the region of [[Calenardhon]] as Gondor ceased to man the garrisons during the [[Watchful Peace]].<ref name="Isen">{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

===Arrival of the Rohirrim===
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Dunlendings.jpg|thumb|right|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dunlendings'']]

In {{TA|1944}}, Calenardhon passed to the Northern [[Eotheod]] who came from [[Rhovanion]] and the wild hillmen and herd-folk who the Dunlendings viewed as competitors and usurpers. [[Kings of Rohan|Kings]] [[Brego]] and [[Aldor]] drove the Dunlendings out of [[Rohan]] beyond the Isen until Enedwaith. As the ensuing enmity did not concern the [[Stewards of Gondor]], the Dunlendings kept hostilities to the [[Rohirrim]] and attacked whenever the latter were weak or in trouble<ref name="Isen"/>.

After the death of King Aldor, and as [[Isengard]] became more friendly to them, the Dunlendings passed and settled northern [[Westfold]], the mountain glens around the Ring, and southern eaves of [[Fangorn Forest]], becoming openly hostile.<ref name="Isen"/> This allowed the two peoples to mingle in some peaceful circumstances; and the dark-haired Landlord [[Freca]] was said to have Dunlendish blood<ref name="Mark">{{App|Mark}}</ref> But the Dunlendings began raiding over the Isen during the reign of King [[Déor]], and when it became clear that the raiders were coming from near Isengard, in {{TA|2710}} Déor led an expedition to the north. He found and defeated a host of Dunlendings, but discovered that Isengard was held by hostile forces. He was unable to drive them out as [[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Egalmoth]] could not send help.<ref name="Isen"/>

The worst of these incidents was when Freca's son, [[Wulf]], allied with the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] who were in turn stirred by Sauron, keeping safe his properties at [[Adorn]]. Joining his kin from outside of Rohan with enemies of Gondor that had landed in the mouths of [[Lefnui]] and Isen, Rohan was invaded from the East, the Isen and Isengard, and finally Wulf took [[Edoras]] in {{TA|2758}}. Gondor, fighting Corsair fleets, could not help<ref name="Mark"/> as the people of Rohan survived the crisis due to the leadership of King [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]], the usurping Dunlendings were reduced after the [[Long Winter]] and finished off by [[Fréaláf]]. The Rohirrim now kept a strong force in north Westfold.<ref name="Isen"/>

Eventually many Dunlendings were found later in the Westfold of Rohan, until [[Folcwine]], aided by Gondor, reconquered it.<ref name="Mark"/> But the people remaining between [[Isen]] and [[Adorn]] were largely of mixed blood, and not loyal to Edoras.<ref name="Isen"/>

The Dunlendings were employed by the [[wizard]] [[Saruman]] to attack and raid the cities and settlements of Rohan. Since [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] had corrupted the mind of King [[Théoden]], the fighting men of the Rohirrim were absent for the most part. As a result, the Dunlendings easily overpowered the old men and young boys who remained.

Wild Men were also present at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] (Battle of Helm's Deep), as well as [[Half-orcs]], derived from [[Orcs]] and the [[Men]] of Dunland. The fighting was vicious, but the Dunlendings surrendered after [[Gandalf]] appeared. In contrast, the Orcs fled into the forest of [[Fangorn Forest|Fangorn]] and were destroyed by [[Huorns]].

[[Saruman]]'s defeat at Isengard put a stop to Dunlending aggression in Rohan. However, [[The Scouring of the Shire]] by Saruman, under the alias of [[Sharkey]], was carried out with the backing of a considerable number of Dunlendings.

==Names==

A [[Sindarin]] name for the Dunlendings was ''Gwathuirim'' (''[[gwathui]]'' "shadowy" + ''[[rim]]'' "people").<ref>{{PM|X}}, p. 330 (note 76)</ref><ref>[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en-strict.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] (accessed 31 December 2010)</ref>

==Inspiration==
It is possible that the rivalry between the primitive Dunlendings and the blond-haired, pseudo-Anglo-Saxon Rohirrim who migrated into the lands neighboring them was meant by Tolkien to be analagous to the real life conflicts that arose between the Anglo-Saxons in England and neighboring [[Celtic]] peoples.

This is supported by the fact that placenames of [[Bree-land]] like [[Bree]], [[Archet]] and [[Combe]] are Celtic. The [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[Hobbits]] (who had stayed long in [[Dunland]]), have Celtic elements in their names. Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Dunlendings|Images of Dunlendings]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Dunlendings| ]]
[[category:Servants of Saruman]]
[[de:Dunländer]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunlendings]]
[[fi:Mustainmaalaiset]]

Dunlendings

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171.96.183.225:

{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[File:John Howe - Dunlending.jpg|250px]]
|name=Dunlendings
|dominions=[[Dunland]]
|languages=[[Westron]]
|height=smaller in stature than other men
|length=
|skincolor=darker than other [[Men]]
|haircolor=dark
|feathers=
|distinctions=
|lifespan=as all men
|members=
}}
'''Dunlendings''' were the ferocious, stunted and vicious [[men]] that lived in [[Dunland]], close to [[Rohan]]. Also called the ''Wild Men of Dunland'', they had long been enemies of the [[Rohirrim]], because they were jealous that the rich lands of the old [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] province of Calenardhon were granted by the Gondorians to the Rohirrim instead of them.
== History ==
=== Origins ===
The ancestors of the Dunlendings were also the ancestors of the [[House of Haleth|Haladin]], the second of the Three Houses of the [[Edain]] who led her people from East Beleriand to Brethil. They were a reclusive folk, dark-haired but smaller in stature than the [[Bëorians]] or the [[Marachians]]. They kept separate from the other Men. Their language was different from the ones that used by the other Edain.

After the fall of [[Beleriand]], the survivors went to [[Númenor]] but those who didn't cross the [[Ered Luin]] settled upon either side of the [[Gwathló]] or in the [[Ered Nimrais]]. In the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] lived among them and shared close relationship, more than with any other race of men.

===Númenórean contact===
In ancient times the peoples who were the ancestors of the Dunlendings ranged over much [[Eriador]] and what later became [[Gondor]], but they were increasingly driven back by the [[Númenóreans]]. Offshoots of these peoples survived in isolated places like the hilly country of Dunland or in the White Mountains: thus the [[Oathbreakers]] are akin to the ancient Dunlendings.

During the advance of the Númenóreans, many people overcame their fear of the Elves and fled from [[Minhiriath]] into the dark woods of the great Cape of [[Eryn Vorn]]. Those from [[Enedwaith]] took refuge in the eastern mountains that would become [[Dunland]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> Interestingly, the [[Men of Bree]] are themselves actually an offshoot of the Dunlendings, who moved even further north until they reached what became the [[Bree-land]], and were absorbed into [[Arnor]].

Some of the [[Pre-Númenóreans]] were absorbed into the population of Gondor, and some stayed in the White Mountains. There are few records of the [[Dunlendish|Dunlending language]], due to their lack of a written history and poor oral tradition.

They remained unaffected, independent and even unfriendly to the Dúnedain, holding their own manners and [[Dunlendish]] language<ref name="lang">{{App|Languages}}</ref>. However the Dunlendings also remained hostile to those with [[Orc]]-blood<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref>. The Dunlendings also dwelled alongside the [[Stoors|Stoor]] Hobbits during their [[Wandering Days]] and the latter even formed a related language to theirs.<ref name="lang"/>

The Dunlendings suffered from the [[Great Plague]] less than other peoples owing to their isolation<ref name="lang"/> and were still found in the foothills of the Misty Mountains. By the time of the [[Ruling Stewards]] they ceased to be subjects of Gondor and, being surrounded by barbarous folk<ref name="GC">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, they moved to settle the region of [[Calenardhon]] as Gondor ceased to man the garrisons during the [[Watchful Peace]].<ref name="Isen">{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

===Arrival of the Rohirrim===
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Dunlendings.jpg|thumb|right|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dunlendings'']]

In {{TA|1944}}, Calenardhon passed to the Northern [[Eotheod]] who came from [[Rhovanion]] and the wild hillmen and herd-folk who the Dunlendings viewed as competitors and usurpers. [[Kings of Rohan|Kings]] [[Brego]] and [[Aldor]] drove the Dunlendings out of [[Rohan]] beyond the Isen until Enedwaith. As the ensuing enmity did not concern the [[Stewards of Gondor]], the Dunlendings kept hostilities to the [[Rohirrim]] and attacked whenever the latter were weak or in trouble<ref name="Isen"/>.

After the death of King Aldor, and as [[Isengard]] became more friendly to them, the Dunlendings passed and settled northern [[Westfold]], the mountain glens around the Ring, and southern eaves of [[Fangorn Forest]], becoming openly hostile.<ref name="Isen"/> This allowed the two peoples to mingle in some peaceful circumstances; and the dark-haired Landlord [[Freca]] was said to have Dunlendish blood<ref name="Mark">{{App|Mark}}</ref> But the Dunlendings began raiding over the Isen during the reign of King [[Déor]], and when it became clear that the raiders were coming from near Isengard, in {{TA|2710}} Déor led an expedition to the north. He found and defeated a host of Dunlendings, but discovered that Isengard was held by hostile forces. He was unable to drive them out as [[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Egalmoth]] could not send help.<ref name="Isen"/>

The worst of these incidents was when Freca's son, [[Wulf]], allied with the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] who were in turn stirred by Sauron, keeping safe his properties at [[Adorn]]. Joining his kin from outside of Rohan with enemies of Gondor that had landed in the mouths of [[Lefnui]] and Isen, Rohan was invaded from the East, the Isen and Isengard, and finally Wulf took [[Edoras]] in {{TA|2758}}. Gondor, fighting Corsair fleets, could not help<ref name="Mark"/> as the people of Rohan survived the crisis due to the leadership of King [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]], the usurping Dunlendings were reduced after the [[Long Winter]] and finished off by [[Fréaláf]]. The Rohirrim now kept a strong force in north Westfold.<ref name="Isen"/>

Eventually many Dunlendings were found later in the Westfold of Rohan, until [[Folcwine]], aided by Gondor, reconquered it.<ref name="Mark"/> But the people remaining between [[Isen]] and [[Adorn]] were largely of mixed blood, and not loyal to Edoras.<ref name="Isen"/>

The Dunlendings were employed by the [[wizard]] [[Saruman]] to attack and raid the cities and settlements of Rohan. Since [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] had corrupted the mind of King [[Théoden]], the fighting men of the Rohirrim were absent for the most part. As a result, the Dunlendings easily overpowered the old men and young boys who remained.

Wild Men were also present at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] (Battle of Helm's Deep), as well as [[Half-orcs]], derived from [[Orcs]] and the [[Men]] of Dunland. The fighting was vicious, but the Dunlendings surrendered after [[Gandalf]] appeared. In contrast, the Orcs fled into the forest of [[Fangorn Forest|Fangorn]] and were destroyed by [[Huorns]].

[[Saruman]]'s defeat at Isengard put a stop to Dunlending aggression in Rohan. However, [[The Scouring of the Shire]] by Saruman, under the alias of [[Sharkey]], was carried out with the backing of a considerable number of Dunlendings.

==Names==

A [[Sindarin]] name for the Dunlendings was ''Gwathuirim'' (''[[gwathui]]'' "shadowy" + ''[[rim]]'' "people").<ref>{{PM|X}}, p. 330 (note 76)</ref><ref>[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en-strict.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] (accessed 31 December 2010)</ref>

==Inspiration==
It is possible that the rivalry between the primitive Dunlendings and the blond-haired, pseudo-Anglo-Saxon Rohirrim who migrated into the lands neighboring them was meant by Tolkien to be analagous to the real life conflicts that arose between the Anglo-Saxons in England and neighboring [[Celtic]] peoples.

This is supported by the fact that placenames of [[Bree-land]] like [[Bree]], [[Archet]] and [[Combe]] are Celtic. The [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[Hobbits]] (who had stayed long in [[Dunland]]), have Celtic elements in their names. Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Dunlendings|Images of Dunlendings]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Dunlendings| ]]
[[category:Servants of Saruman]]
[[de:Dunländer]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunlendings]]
[[fi:Mustainmaalaiset]]

Men of Darkness

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171.96.183.225:

'''Men of Darkness''' or '''Men of [[Shadow]]''' were the [[men]] of the east of [[Middle-earth]] who fell under the dominion of [[Morgoth]] in the [[First Age]] or who later opposed the [[Dúnedain]] and were dominated by [[Sauron]].

The Dúnedain used the term for those peoples who were not simply barbaric plunderers or brigands, but fanatically opposed the [[Realms in Exile]], and their allies.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

The following peoples can be considered Men of Darkness:
*[[Easterlings]] ([[Wainriders]], [[Balchoth]])
*[[Axe-Men]]
*The slaves of [[Nurn]]
*[[Variags]]
*[[Black Númenóreans]] and [[Corsairs of Umbar]]
*[[Troll-men]]
*[[Haradrim]]
*[[Dunlendings]]
*[[Hill-men]]
{{references}}
== External links ==
*[http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Men_of_Darkness.html The Men of Darkness] by [[Andreas Moehn]]
[[Category:Men| Darkness]]
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]

File:Liz Danforth - Isildur.png

2015-01-18T02:41:50Z

171.96.183.225: Undo revision 263068 by 171.96.183.225 (talk)

==Summary==
''Isildur'' by [[Liz Danforth]], appearing in {{ICE|2020}}.

==Licensing==
{{Fairuse-ICE|ICE}}

[[Category:Images of Isildur]]
[[Category:Images by Liz Danforth]]
[[Category:Images from MERP]]

File:Liz Danforth - Isildur.png

2015-01-18T02:41:32Z

171.96.183.225: The King of Harad edit it

==Summary==
''Isildur the Gay'' by [[Liz Danforth]], appearing in {{ICE|2020}}.

==Licensing==
{{Fairuse-ICE|ICE}}

[[Category:Images of Isildur]]
[[Category:Images by Liz Danforth]]
[[Category:Images from MERP]]