Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Menel

2019-11-17T21:44:02Z

179.107.143.205: /* Examples */

'''Menel''' was an [[Elvish]] (both [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]) name for the regions of air above [[Arda]], a name which is generally meant as "firmament, heaven" or "the heavens".<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''menel''</ref> Sometimes the word is simply synonymous with the sky, but in other uses it is meant as a more sublime reference to the domain of the stars and heavenly bodies.

Menel is a physical place, although arguably a sacred one as it is the location of the stars.
==Etymology==
The word is understood as ''[[men (Elvish)|men]]'' "towards" + ''[[el]]'' "star" meaning "the Direction of the Stars".<ref name="RGEO">{{RGEO|7}}, p. 72</ref>

The loremaster [[Quennar]] is attributed as having devised the word ''Menel'' ("heavens, firmament").<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 84</ref>

==Examples==
Menel is seen in numerous personal and place-names, including [[Meneltarma]] (the "Pillar of Heaven"), [[Meneldil]], [[Tar-Meneldur]], [[Armenelos]] and [[Meneldor]].

It also appears in ''[[A Elbereth Gilthoniel]]'' "''o [[menel]] [[aglar]] [[elen]][[-ath|ath]]''" ("from the glories of the star-host of heaven").<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

[[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] used it in his invocation from [[Cirith Ungol]]: "''o menel [[palan]]-[[tir|diriel]]''" ("from heaven gazing afar").<ref>{{TT|IV10}}</ref>

==Derivatives==
It already existed in [[Avarin]], and survived as such in [[Adûnaic]] ''minal''.<ref>{{SD|3vi}} p.414</ref>

==See also==
*[[Tarmenel]]
{{references}}
{{cosmology}}
[[Category:Cosmology]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[fi:Menel]]

Doriath

2019-11-17T21:25:43Z

179.107.143.205: /* Geography */

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Beleg Departs from Menegroth.jpg|250px]]
| name=Doriath
| pronun=
| othernames=Eglador, The Guarded Realm, The Hidden Kingdom
| location=Forests in central [[Beleriand]]
| capital=[[Menegroth]]
| towns=
| regions=[[Neldoreth]], [[Region]], [[Nivrim]], [[Brethil]], [[Nan Elmoth]]
| population=[[Sindar]] Few [[Laiquendi]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| govern2=Later [[Dior]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Thingol awakes
| event1date=c. {{YT|1152}}
| event2=Building [[Menegroth]]
| event2date={{YT|1300}}
| event3=[[Girdle of Melian]] established
| event3date={{YT|1497}}
| event4=[[Dior]] becomes King
| event4date={{FA|503}}
| event5=Abandoned
| event5date={{FA|506}}
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Doriath.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Doriath''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈdorjaθ]}}) was the land of the [[Sindar]]. It was called the Fenced Land, for its queen, [[Melian]], put a girdle of enchantment about it, so that none could enter without King [[Thingol]]'s permission.

==Geography==
Doriath was a realm of forests about the great river [[Sirion]], being composed of the forests ''Neldoreth'' (also ''Taur-na-Neldor'', the northern [[Beeches|beech]] forest), ''[[Nivrim]]'' (also West-march, an oak forest), and ''[[Forest of Region|Region]]''. Additionally, the forests of ''[[Brethil]]'' and ''[[Nan Elmoth]]'' were held as part of Doriath, but these last two lay outside the Girdle of Melian. King Elu [[Thingol]] of Doriath, also High King of the Sindar, saw all of Beleriand as his realm, from the [[Gelion]] to [[Belegaer]].

===Establishment===
The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] had passed by it on the [[Great Journey]], and had been ferried across on [[Tol Eressëa]] by the time the [[Teleri]] arrived. Then their lord [[Elwë]] was lost in Nan Elmoth, and when [[Ulmo]] returned for them a part remained behind. They became known as the Sindar or Grey Elves, and when Thingol returned he became their king, ruling from Doriath.

Doriath was originally named '''''[[Doriath#Etymology|Eglador]]''''',<ref name=SSindar/> but in the last years before the rising of the [[Sun]], attacks by [[Orcs]] and other [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s creatures began to increase in Beleriand, and Melian fenced the forests of Neldoreth, Region, and Nivrim. Thingol then called all the [[Sindar]] to Doriath, but many remained in the wild.

===Other peoples===
On Melian's advice, Thingol became an ally of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]], who carved the caverns of [[Menegroth]] for him.<ref name="Sindar"/>

In {{YT|1497}}, after the [[First Battle of Beleriand]], many [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] removed to Doriath.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|10}}</ref> After the First Battle of Beleriand, Doriath was encircled by the [[Girdle of Melian]], an impenetrable fence of enchantment that guarded the kingdom.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> While his own kingdom was protected, Thingol was still loath to surrender any other lands in Beleriand to the Noldor as he was suspicious of the aggressive new lords in Middle-earth.<ref name="Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> King Thingol's relations with the Noldor were strained, and grew worse decades later when he learned the truth of the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. Thingol banned the use of [[Quenya]] in his lands, which led to [[Sindarin]] being the common Elven tongue in Middle-earth. The King of Doriath refused to aid the Noldor in the war against Morgoth, and took little part in the ongoing struggle.<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

[[Eöl]] the Dark Elf leased Nan Elmoth from Thingol, having paid the sword [[Anglachel]] for it. When later [[Men]] arrived in Beleriand, they were also refused entry, however at [[Finrod]]'s request the [[Haladin]] were allowed to live in [[Brethil]].

[[Beren]], son of [[Barahir]] and lord of the [[House of Bëor|First House of Men]], passed through the Girdle as Melian had foretold, and arrived in Neldoreth. There Thingol's daughter Lúthien fell in love with him. After the Quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] the Wolf [[Carcharoth]] also breached the Girdle, but Thingol, Beren, and Thingol's captains [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]] hunted and killed the beast.

[[Túrin]] was sent to Doriath, and lived there until he came of age, when he fled from the land. Later his mother and sister, [[Morwen]] and [[Nienor]] lived there, until they were lost.

===Nauglamír===
In {{FA|502}}, some time after Túrin's tragic death, Húrin, Túrin's father and now an old man, was allowed to enter Menegroth with a band of outlaws, where in anger he threw the [[Nauglamír]], the treasure of [[Nargothrond]] before King Thingol and "thanked" him for aiding his son. This infuriated the outlaws, who tried to take the gold back but were killed by Thingol's guards.<ref>{{LT2|IV}}</ref> Melian finally pierced through Húrin's madness and grief; shamed by his actions, he left Menegroth a broken man.<ref name="Doriath">{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol'']]

At that time a desire came into Thingol's heart to take the Nauglamír and place the Silmaril in it, thus melding together two of the greatest creations made by the Elves and the [[Dwarves]]. He hired some [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Dwarven craftsmen]] to do it for him. But by the time the Dwarves were finished they had become obsessed with the Nauglamír and asked for it as a payment for their labour. This infuriated Thingol realizing they were coveting the Silmaril. The Dwarves were angered by his harsh words, and killed him. This led to the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sacking of Menegroth]] in {{FA|503}} and the eventual [[Second Kinslaying|destruction of Doriath]], which scattered its people.<ref name="Doriath"/>

In {{FA|503}}, Doriath was briefly restored under Beren and Lúthien's son [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]].<ref name="Doriath"/> Learning that the [[Silmaril]] is in Doriath, the [[Sons of Fëanor]] sent message to [[Dior]] requesting the return of the Silmaril. Dior does not answer.<ref name="Doriath"/><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref>. However, in {{FA|506}}, Dior was attacked and killed by the [[Sons of Fëanor]], along with their followers. They assaulted Doriath with a surprise attack, in the middle of winter, and fought with Dior in the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves]]. This was the second slaying of Elf by Elf. In that battle, Dior slew [[Celegorm]]. [[Curufin]] and [[Caranthir]] also fell. Dior was also slain along with his wife Nimloth. Eluréd and Elurín were seized, taken into the forest, and left to starve by the cruel servants of Celegorm.<ref name="Doriath"/> Maedhros repented of this act of vengeance and cruelty against the children, and he long sought for them in the woods, but "his search was unavailing," and the fate of Dior's sons is not known.<ref name="Doriath"/> By {{FA|507}}, Doriath was utterly destroyed following the [[Second Kinslaying]].<ref name="Doriath"/>

==Etymology==

''Doriath'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Land of the Fence"<ref name=silmindex>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref name=WJ/> or "Land of the [[Girdle of Melian|Girdle]]"<ref name=SSindar>{{S|Sindar}}</ref>. The name consists of the elements ''[[dôr]]'' + ''[[iâth]]''.<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 370, 378</ref>

The earlier name of Doriath, ''Eglador'', probably means either "Land of the Forsaken"<ref name=silmindex/> or "Land of the [[Elves]]"{{fact}} in [[Sindarin]].

==Other versions of the legendarium==

'''Artanor''' ("The Land Beyond") was in early versions of the [[legendarium]] the name for what was later called Doriath.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]; [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed), ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''</ref>
{{references}}
{{kinslayings}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Doriath| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Doriath]]
[[fi:Doriath]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:royaumes:doriath]]

Doriath

2019-11-17T21:24:55Z

179.107.143.205: /* Geography */

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Beleg Departs from Menegroth.jpg|250px]]
| name=Doriath
| pronun=
| othernames=Eglador, The Guarded Realm, The Hidden Kingdom
| location=Forests in central [[Beleriand]]
| capital=[[Menegroth]]
| towns=
| regions=[[Neldoreth]], [[Region]], [[Nivrim]], [[Brethil]], [[Nan Elmoth]]
| population=[[Sindar]] Few [[Laiquendi]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| govern2=Later [[Dior]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Thingol awakes
| event1date=c. {{YT|1152}}
| event2=Building [[Menegroth]]
| event2date={{YT|1300}}
| event3=[[Girdle of Melian]] established
| event3date={{YT|1497}}
| event4=[[Dior]] becomes King
| event4date={{FA|503}}
| event5=Abandoned
| event5date={{FA|506}}
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Doriath.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Doriath''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈdorjaθ]}}) was the land of the [[Sindar]]. It was called the Fenced Land, for its queen, [[Melian]], put a girdle of enchantment about it, so that none could enter without King [[Thingol]]'s permission.

==Geography==
Doriath was a realm of forests about the great river [[Sirion]], being a part of it the forests ''Neldoreth'' (also ''Taur-na-Neldor'', the northern [[Beeches|beech]] forest), ''[[Nivrim]]'' (also West-march, an oak forest), and ''[[Forest of Region|Region]]''. Additionally, the forests of ''[[Brethil]]'' and ''[[Nan Elmoth]]'' were held as part of Doriath, but these last two lay outside the Girdle of Melian. King Elu [[Thingol]] of Doriath, also High King of the Sindar, saw all of Beleriand as his realm, from the [[Gelion]] to [[Belegaer]].

===Establishment===
The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] had passed by it on the [[Great Journey]], and had been ferried across on [[Tol Eressëa]] by the time the [[Teleri]] arrived. Then their lord [[Elwë]] was lost in Nan Elmoth, and when [[Ulmo]] returned for them a part remained behind. They became known as the Sindar or Grey Elves, and when Thingol returned he became their king, ruling from Doriath.

Doriath was originally named '''''[[Doriath#Etymology|Eglador]]''''',<ref name=SSindar/> but in the last years before the rising of the [[Sun]], attacks by [[Orcs]] and other [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s creatures began to increase in Beleriand, and Melian fenced the forests of Neldoreth, Region, and Nivrim. Thingol then called all the [[Sindar]] to Doriath, but many remained in the wild.

===Other peoples===
On Melian's advice, Thingol became an ally of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]], who carved the caverns of [[Menegroth]] for him.<ref name="Sindar"/>

In {{YT|1497}}, after the [[First Battle of Beleriand]], many [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] removed to Doriath.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|10}}</ref> After the First Battle of Beleriand, Doriath was encircled by the [[Girdle of Melian]], an impenetrable fence of enchantment that guarded the kingdom.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> While his own kingdom was protected, Thingol was still loath to surrender any other lands in Beleriand to the Noldor as he was suspicious of the aggressive new lords in Middle-earth.<ref name="Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> King Thingol's relations with the Noldor were strained, and grew worse decades later when he learned the truth of the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. Thingol banned the use of [[Quenya]] in his lands, which led to [[Sindarin]] being the common Elven tongue in Middle-earth. The King of Doriath refused to aid the Noldor in the war against Morgoth, and took little part in the ongoing struggle.<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

[[Eöl]] the Dark Elf leased Nan Elmoth from Thingol, having paid the sword [[Anglachel]] for it. When later [[Men]] arrived in Beleriand, they were also refused entry, however at [[Finrod]]'s request the [[Haladin]] were allowed to live in [[Brethil]].

[[Beren]], son of [[Barahir]] and lord of the [[House of Bëor|First House of Men]], passed through the Girdle as Melian had foretold, and arrived in Neldoreth. There Thingol's daughter Lúthien fell in love with him. After the Quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] the Wolf [[Carcharoth]] also breached the Girdle, but Thingol, Beren, and Thingol's captains [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]] hunted and killed the beast.

[[Túrin]] was sent to Doriath, and lived there until he came of age, when he fled from the land. Later his mother and sister, [[Morwen]] and [[Nienor]] lived there, until they were lost.

===Nauglamír===
In {{FA|502}}, some time after Túrin's tragic death, Húrin, Túrin's father and now an old man, was allowed to enter Menegroth with a band of outlaws, where in anger he threw the [[Nauglamír]], the treasure of [[Nargothrond]] before King Thingol and "thanked" him for aiding his son. This infuriated the outlaws, who tried to take the gold back but were killed by Thingol's guards.<ref>{{LT2|IV}}</ref> Melian finally pierced through Húrin's madness and grief; shamed by his actions, he left Menegroth a broken man.<ref name="Doriath">{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol'']]

At that time a desire came into Thingol's heart to take the Nauglamír and place the Silmaril in it, thus melding together two of the greatest creations made by the Elves and the [[Dwarves]]. He hired some [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Dwarven craftsmen]] to do it for him. But by the time the Dwarves were finished they had become obsessed with the Nauglamír and asked for it as a payment for their labour. This infuriated Thingol realizing they were coveting the Silmaril. The Dwarves were angered by his harsh words, and killed him. This led to the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sacking of Menegroth]] in {{FA|503}} and the eventual [[Second Kinslaying|destruction of Doriath]], which scattered its people.<ref name="Doriath"/>

In {{FA|503}}, Doriath was briefly restored under Beren and Lúthien's son [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]].<ref name="Doriath"/> Learning that the [[Silmaril]] is in Doriath, the [[Sons of Fëanor]] sent message to [[Dior]] requesting the return of the Silmaril. Dior does not answer.<ref name="Doriath"/><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref>. However, in {{FA|506}}, Dior was attacked and killed by the [[Sons of Fëanor]], along with their followers. They assaulted Doriath with a surprise attack, in the middle of winter, and fought with Dior in the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves]]. This was the second slaying of Elf by Elf. In that battle, Dior slew [[Celegorm]]. [[Curufin]] and [[Caranthir]] also fell. Dior was also slain along with his wife Nimloth. Eluréd and Elurín were seized, taken into the forest, and left to starve by the cruel servants of Celegorm.<ref name="Doriath"/> Maedhros repented of this act of vengeance and cruelty against the children, and he long sought for them in the woods, but "his search was unavailing," and the fate of Dior's sons is not known.<ref name="Doriath"/> By {{FA|507}}, Doriath was utterly destroyed following the [[Second Kinslaying]].<ref name="Doriath"/>

==Etymology==

''Doriath'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Land of the Fence"<ref name=silmindex>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref name=WJ/> or "Land of the [[Girdle of Melian|Girdle]]"<ref name=SSindar>{{S|Sindar}}</ref>. The name consists of the elements ''[[dôr]]'' + ''[[iâth]]''.<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 370, 378</ref>

The earlier name of Doriath, ''Eglador'', probably means either "Land of the Forsaken"<ref name=silmindex/> or "Land of the [[Elves]]"{{fact}} in [[Sindarin]].

==Other versions of the legendarium==

'''Artanor''' ("The Land Beyond") was in early versions of the [[legendarium]] the name for what was later called Doriath.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]; [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed), ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''</ref>
{{references}}
{{kinslayings}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Doriath| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Doriath]]
[[fi:Doriath]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:royaumes:doriath]]

Doriath

2019-11-17T21:21:33Z

179.107.143.205: /* History */

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Beleg Departs from Menegroth.jpg|250px]]
| name=Doriath
| pronun=
| othernames=Eglador, The Guarded Realm, The Hidden Kingdom
| location=Forests in central [[Beleriand]]
| capital=[[Menegroth]]
| towns=
| regions=[[Neldoreth]], [[Region]], [[Nivrim]], [[Brethil]], [[Nan Elmoth]]
| population=[[Sindar]] Few [[Laiquendi]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| govern2=Later [[Dior]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Thingol awakes
| event1date=c. {{YT|1152}}
| event2=Building [[Menegroth]]
| event2date={{YT|1300}}
| event3=[[Girdle of Melian]] established
| event3date={{YT|1497}}
| event4=[[Dior]] becomes King
| event4date={{FA|503}}
| event5=Abandoned
| event5date={{FA|506}}
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Doriath.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Doriath''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈdorjaθ]}}) was the land of the [[Sindar]]. It was called the Fenced Land, for its queen, [[Melian]], put a girdle of enchantment about it, so that none could enter without King [[Thingol]]'s permission.

==Geography==
Doriath was a realm of forests about the great river [[Sirion]], with in it the forests ''Neldoreth'' (also ''Taur-na-Neldor'', the northern [[Beeches|beech]] forest), ''[[Nivrim]]'' (also West-march, an oak forest), and ''[[Forest of Region|Region]]''. Additionally, the forests of ''[[Brethil]]'' and ''[[Nan Elmoth]]'' were held as part of Doriath, but these last two lay outside the Girdle of Melian. King Elu [[Thingol]] of Doriath, also High King of the Sindar, saw all of Beleriand as his realm, from the [[Gelion]] to [[Belegaer]].

===Establishment===
The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] had passed by it on the [[Great Journey]], and had been ferried across on [[Tol Eressëa]] by the time the [[Teleri]] arrived. Then their lord [[Elwë]] was lost in Nan Elmoth, and when [[Ulmo]] returned for them a part remained behind. They became known as the Sindar or Grey Elves, and when Thingol returned he became their king, ruling from Doriath.

Doriath was originally named '''''[[Doriath#Etymology|Eglador]]''''',<ref name=SSindar/> but in the last years before the rising of the [[Sun]], attacks by [[Orcs]] and other [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s creatures began to increase in Beleriand, and Melian fenced the forests of Neldoreth, Region, and Nivrim. Thingol then called all the [[Sindar]] to Doriath, but many remained in the wild.

===Other peoples===
On Melian's advice, Thingol became an ally of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]], who carved the caverns of [[Menegroth]] for him.<ref name="Sindar"/>

In {{YT|1497}}, after the [[First Battle of Beleriand]], many [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] removed to Doriath.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|10}}</ref> After the First Battle of Beleriand, Doriath was encircled by the [[Girdle of Melian]], an impenetrable fence of enchantment that guarded the kingdom.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> While his own kingdom was protected, Thingol was still loath to surrender any other lands in Beleriand to the Noldor as he was suspicious of the aggressive new lords in Middle-earth.<ref name="Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> King Thingol's relations with the Noldor were strained, and grew worse decades later when he learned the truth of the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. Thingol banned the use of [[Quenya]] in his lands, which led to [[Sindarin]] being the common Elven tongue in Middle-earth. The King of Doriath refused to aid the Noldor in the war against Morgoth, and took little part in the ongoing struggle.<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

[[Eöl]] the Dark Elf leased Nan Elmoth from Thingol, having paid the sword [[Anglachel]] for it. When later [[Men]] arrived in Beleriand, they were also refused entry, however at [[Finrod]]'s request the [[Haladin]] were allowed to live in [[Brethil]].

[[Beren]], son of [[Barahir]] and lord of the [[House of Bëor|First House of Men]], passed through the Girdle as Melian had foretold, and arrived in Neldoreth. There Thingol's daughter Lúthien fell in love with him. After the Quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] the Wolf [[Carcharoth]] also breached the Girdle, but Thingol, Beren, and Thingol's captains [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]] hunted and killed the beast.

[[Túrin]] was sent to Doriath, and lived there until he came of age, when he fled from the land. Later his mother and sister, [[Morwen]] and [[Nienor]] lived there, until they were lost.

===Nauglamír===
In {{FA|502}}, some time after Túrin's tragic death, Húrin, Túrin's father and now an old man, was allowed to enter Menegroth with a band of outlaws, where in anger he threw the [[Nauglamír]], the treasure of [[Nargothrond]] before King Thingol and "thanked" him for aiding his son. This infuriated the outlaws, who tried to take the gold back but were killed by Thingol's guards.<ref>{{LT2|IV}}</ref> Melian finally pierced through Húrin's madness and grief; shamed by his actions, he left Menegroth a broken man.<ref name="Doriath">{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol'']]

At that time a desire came into Thingol's heart to take the Nauglamír and place the Silmaril in it, thus melding together two of the greatest creations made by the Elves and the [[Dwarves]]. He hired some [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Dwarven craftsmen]] to do it for him. But by the time the Dwarves were finished they had become obsessed with the Nauglamír and asked for it as a payment for their labour. This infuriated Thingol realizing they were coveting the Silmaril. The Dwarves were angered by his harsh words, and killed him. This led to the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sacking of Menegroth]] in {{FA|503}} and the eventual [[Second Kinslaying|destruction of Doriath]], which scattered its people.<ref name="Doriath"/>

In {{FA|503}}, Doriath was briefly restored under Beren and Lúthien's son [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]].<ref name="Doriath"/> Learning that the [[Silmaril]] is in Doriath, the [[Sons of Fëanor]] sent message to [[Dior]] requesting the return of the Silmaril. Dior does not answer.<ref name="Doriath"/><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref>. However, in {{FA|506}}, Dior was attacked and killed by the [[Sons of Fëanor]], along with their followers. They assaulted Doriath with a surprise attack, in the middle of winter, and fought with Dior in the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves]]. This was the second slaying of Elf by Elf. In that battle, Dior slew [[Celegorm]]. [[Curufin]] and [[Caranthir]] also fell. Dior was also slain along with his wife Nimloth. Eluréd and Elurín were seized, taken into the forest, and left to starve by the cruel servants of Celegorm.<ref name="Doriath"/> Maedhros repented of this act of vengeance and cruelty against the children, and he long sought for them in the woods, but "his search was unavailing," and the fate of Dior's sons is not known.<ref name="Doriath"/> By {{FA|507}}, Doriath was utterly destroyed following the [[Second Kinslaying]].<ref name="Doriath"/>

==Etymology==

''Doriath'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Land of the Fence"<ref name=silmindex>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref name=WJ/> or "Land of the [[Girdle of Melian|Girdle]]"<ref name=SSindar>{{S|Sindar}}</ref>. The name consists of the elements ''[[dôr]]'' + ''[[iâth]]''.<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 370, 378</ref>

The earlier name of Doriath, ''Eglador'', probably means either "Land of the Forsaken"<ref name=silmindex/> or "Land of the [[Elves]]"{{fact}} in [[Sindarin]].

==Other versions of the legendarium==

'''Artanor''' ("The Land Beyond") was in early versions of the [[legendarium]] the name for what was later called Doriath.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]; [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed), ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''</ref>
{{references}}
{{kinslayings}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Doriath| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Doriath]]
[[fi:Doriath]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:royaumes:doriath]]

Doriath

2019-11-17T21:21:07Z

179.107.143.205: /* Geography */

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Beleg Departs from Menegroth.jpg|250px]]
| name=Doriath
| pronun=
| othernames=Eglador, The Guarded Realm, The Hidden Kingdom
| location=Forests in central [[Beleriand]]
| capital=[[Menegroth]]
| towns=
| regions=[[Neldoreth]], [[Region]], [[Nivrim]], [[Brethil]], [[Nan Elmoth]]
| population=[[Sindar]] Few [[Laiquendi]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| govern2=Later [[Dior]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Thingol awakes
| event1date=c. {{YT|1152}}
| event2=Building [[Menegroth]]
| event2date={{YT|1300}}
| event3=[[Girdle of Melian]] established
| event3date={{YT|1497}}
| event4=[[Dior]] becomes King
| event4date={{FA|503}}
| event5=Abandoned
| event5date={{FA|506}}
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Doriath.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Doriath''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈdorjaθ]}}) was the land of the [[Sindar]]. It was called the Fenced Land, for its queen, [[Melian]], put a girdle of enchantment about it, so that none could enter without King [[Thingol]]'s permission.

==Geography==
Doriath was a realm of forests about the great river [[Sirion]], with in it the forests ''Neldoreth'' (also ''Taur-na-Neldor'', the northern [[Beeches|beech]] forest), ''[[Nivrim]]'' (also West-march, an oak forest), and ''[[Forest of Region|Region]]''. Additionally, the forests of ''[[Brethil]]'' and ''[[Nan Elmoth]]'' were held as part of Doriath, but these last two lay outside the Girdle of Melian. King Elu [[Thingol]] of Doriath, also High King of the Sindar, saw all of Beleriand as his realm, from the [[Gelion]] to [[Belegaer]].

==History==
===Establishment===
The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] had passed by it on the [[Great Journey]], and had been ferried across on [[Tol Eressëa]] by the time the [[Teleri]] arrived. Then their lord [[Elwë]] was lost in Nan Elmoth, and when [[Ulmo]] returned for them a part remained behind. They became known as the Sindar or Grey Elves, and when Thingol returned he became their king, ruling from Doriath.

Doriath was originally named '''''[[Doriath#Etymology|Eglador]]''''',<ref name=SSindar/> but in the last years before the rising of the [[Sun]], attacks by [[Orcs]] and other [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s creatures began to increase in Beleriand, and Melian fenced the forests of Neldoreth, Region, and Nivrim. Thingol then called all the [[Sindar]] to Doriath, but many remained in the wild.

===Other peoples===
On Melian's advice, Thingol became an ally of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]], who carved the caverns of [[Menegroth]] for him.<ref name="Sindar"/>

In {{YT|1497}}, after the [[First Battle of Beleriand]], many [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] removed to Doriath.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|10}}</ref> After the First Battle of Beleriand, Doriath was encircled by the [[Girdle of Melian]], an impenetrable fence of enchantment that guarded the kingdom.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> While his own kingdom was protected, Thingol was still loath to surrender any other lands in Beleriand to the Noldor as he was suspicious of the aggressive new lords in Middle-earth.<ref name="Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> King Thingol's relations with the Noldor were strained, and grew worse decades later when he learned the truth of the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. Thingol banned the use of [[Quenya]] in his lands, which led to [[Sindarin]] being the common Elven tongue in Middle-earth. The King of Doriath refused to aid the Noldor in the war against Morgoth, and took little part in the ongoing struggle.<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

[[Eöl]] the Dark Elf leased Nan Elmoth from Thingol, having paid the sword [[Anglachel]] for it. When later [[Men]] arrived in Beleriand, they were also refused entry, however at [[Finrod]]'s request the [[Haladin]] were allowed to live in [[Brethil]].

[[Beren]], son of [[Barahir]] and lord of the [[House of Bëor|First House of Men]], passed through the Girdle as Melian had foretold, and arrived in Neldoreth. There Thingol's daughter Lúthien fell in love with him. After the Quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] the Wolf [[Carcharoth]] also breached the Girdle, but Thingol, Beren, and Thingol's captains [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]] hunted and killed the beast.

[[Túrin]] was sent to Doriath, and lived there until he came of age, when he fled from the land. Later his mother and sister, [[Morwen]] and [[Nienor]] lived there, until they were lost.

===Nauglamír===
In {{FA|502}}, some time after Túrin's tragic death, Húrin, Túrin's father and now an old man, was allowed to enter Menegroth with a band of outlaws, where in anger he threw the [[Nauglamír]], the treasure of [[Nargothrond]] before King Thingol and "thanked" him for aiding his son. This infuriated the outlaws, who tried to take the gold back but were killed by Thingol's guards.<ref>{{LT2|IV}}</ref> Melian finally pierced through Húrin's madness and grief; shamed by his actions, he left Menegroth a broken man.<ref name="Doriath">{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol'']]

At that time a desire came into Thingol's heart to take the Nauglamír and place the Silmaril in it, thus melding together two of the greatest creations made by the Elves and the [[Dwarves]]. He hired some [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Dwarven craftsmen]] to do it for him. But by the time the Dwarves were finished they had become obsessed with the Nauglamír and asked for it as a payment for their labour. This infuriated Thingol realizing they were coveting the Silmaril. The Dwarves were angered by his harsh words, and killed him. This led to the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sacking of Menegroth]] in {{FA|503}} and the eventual [[Second Kinslaying|destruction of Doriath]], which scattered its people.<ref name="Doriath"/>

In {{FA|503}}, Doriath was briefly restored under Beren and Lúthien's son [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]].<ref name="Doriath"/> Learning that the [[Silmaril]] is in Doriath, the [[Sons of Fëanor]] sent message to [[Dior]] requesting the return of the Silmaril. Dior does not answer.<ref name="Doriath"/><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref>. However, in {{FA|506}}, Dior was attacked and killed by the [[Sons of Fëanor]], along with their followers. They assaulted Doriath with a surprise attack, in the middle of winter, and fought with Dior in the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves]]. This was the second slaying of Elf by Elf. In that battle, Dior slew [[Celegorm]]. [[Curufin]] and [[Caranthir]] also fell. Dior was also slain along with his wife Nimloth. Eluréd and Elurín were seized, taken into the forest, and left to starve by the cruel servants of Celegorm.<ref name="Doriath"/> Maedhros repented of this act of vengeance and cruelty against the children, and he long sought for them in the woods, but "his search was unavailing," and the fate of Dior's sons is not known.<ref name="Doriath"/> By {{FA|507}}, Doriath was utterly destroyed following the [[Second Kinslaying]].<ref name="Doriath"/>
==Etymology==

''Doriath'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Land of the Fence"<ref name=silmindex>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref name=WJ/> or "Land of the [[Girdle of Melian|Girdle]]"<ref name=SSindar>{{S|Sindar}}</ref>. The name consists of the elements ''[[dôr]]'' + ''[[iâth]]''.<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 370, 378</ref>

The earlier name of Doriath, ''Eglador'', probably means either "Land of the Forsaken"<ref name=silmindex/> or "Land of the [[Elves]]"{{fact}} in [[Sindarin]].

==Other versions of the legendarium==

'''Artanor''' ("The Land Beyond") was in early versions of the [[legendarium]] the name for what was later called Doriath.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]; [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed), ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''</ref>
{{references}}
{{kinslayings}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Doriath| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Doriath]]
[[fi:Doriath]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:royaumes:doriath]]

Thranduil

2019-11-17T21:16:02Z

179.107.143.205: /* History */

{{sindar infobox
| name=Thranduil
| image=[[File:Lourdes Velez - King Thranduil.jpg|250px]]
| caption="King Thanduil" by [[:Category:Images by Lourdes Velez|Lourdes Velez]]
| othernames=Elvenking
| titles=King of the [[Woodland Realm]]
| position=
| realm=[[Doriath]]<ref name="Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref> [[Woodland Realm]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| language=[[Silvan Elvish|Silvan]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=Before {{FA|507}}<ref name="Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Doriath]]<ref name="Princes"/>
| rule=From {{SA|3434}}
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| house=
| parentage=[[Oropher]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Legolas]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden<ref name=H8>{{H|8}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}{{pronounce|Sindarin - Thranduil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
<center>{{quote|In a great hall with pillars hewn out of the living stone sat the Elvenking on a chair of carven wood. On his head was a crown of berries and red leaves, for the autumn was come again. In the spring he wore a crown of woodland flowers. In his hand he held a carven staff of oak.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Barrels Out of Bond]]}}</center>
'''Thranduil''', the '''Elvenking''', was a [[Sindar]]in [[Elves|Elf]] of [[Doriath]]<ref name="Princes"/> and King of the [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] [[Elves of Mirkwood]] in the [[Woodland Realm]]. Thranduil was son of [[Oropher]] and father of [[Legolas]].

=== Early History ===
Thranduil was one of the [[Iathrim]] who spent his early life in [[Doriath]].<ref name="Princes"/> Following the destruction of [[Beleriand]] and the [[War of Wrath]], most of the [[Noldor]]in exiles and remnants of the [[Sindar]] retreated to [[Lindon]]. The [[Valar]] reinvited these Elves to [[Aman]], but Thranduil, among many others, was unwilling and remained in Lindon.<ref name="Princes"/>

Many of the Sindar left [[Lindon]] and travelled eastward, before the building of the [[Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|1000}}.<ref name="AppB">{{App|B}}</ref> Thranduil is first recorded in this event, when he and his father, [[Oropher]], arrived, in {{SA|750}}, in [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].<ref>{{PM|Second}}</ref> Oropher was taken by the [[Silvan Elves]] as their lord and founded the [[Woodland Realm]].<ref name="Princes"/>

[[Image:Anna Lee - Thranduil and Legolas.jpg|left|thumb|[[Anna Lee]] - ''Thranduil and Legolas'']]
The [[Elves of Mirkwood]] joined the [[Last Alliance]] and in {{SA|3434}}, Thranduil followed his father and numerous lightly armed Elves in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. In the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], Oropher was slain in the first assault upon Mordor, "rushing forward at the head of his most doughty warriors before Gil-galad had given the signal for the advance."<ref name="Princes"/> His son survived, but over the course of the war, two-thirds of his people had perished. After the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, when [[Sauron]] was defeated, Thranduil led the remainder of his people north back to the Woodland Realm, where he was crowned king.<ref name="Princes"/>

=== Third Age ===
Upon the return of Sauron - disguised as the [[Sauron|Necromancer]] - in around {{TA|1050}}, southern Greenwood became increasingly dangerous; evil creatures such as the great [[spiders]] came to dwell in it and the forest soon came to be known as "[[Mirkwood]]".<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> Thranduil's folk retreated to the north of the forest, where they established themselves near the [[Forest River]]. Thranduil had [[Elvenking's Halls|his halls]] delved underground, fashioned partly in memory (it was said) of the mighty, but long-lost, [[Menegroth]] of [[Doriath]].<ref group="note">In the ''[[Lord of the Rings]]'', it is stated by [[Gimli]] that the [[Dwarves]] aided in the making of Thranduil's halls. However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', it is stated that Thranduil's halls "were not to be compared with [[Menegroth]]. He had not the arts nor wealth nor the aid of the Dwarves."</ref><ref>{{TT|Road}}</ref><ref name="Princes"/> In north-eastern Mirkwood, they were near the Forest River behind great, stone gates.

[[File:David T. Wenzel - Mirkwood elves.jpg|thumb|David T. Wenzel - ''Mirkwood elves'']]

In {{TA|2941}}, Thranduil and some of his folk were feasting in the woods when they were repeatedly disturbed by [[Thorin and Company|a party]] of [[Dwarves]]. After the third disturbance, the Elves captured [[Thorin]] who refused to reveal to Thranduil the reason for their journey through Mirkwood.<ref name="Flies"/> Following their battle with the spiders, the rest of [[Thorin and Company|the company]] was also captured by the Elves. Following their repeated failure to explain their presence in Mirkwood, Thranduil placed all the Dwarves under lock and key. They escaped, however, with the aid of a Hobbit, [[Bilbo Baggins]]. Baggins had evaded capture by Thranduil's people through the use of [[The One Ring|his magic ring]].

===Battle of Five Armies===
After the Dwarves' escape, Thranduil received word of what had transpired from the [[Raft-elves]] who returned up the [[Forest River]]. Thus he was now aware of the Dwarves' quest. Upon learning this, he stated, "no treasure will come back through Mirkwood without my having something to say in the matter."<ref>{{H|Welcome}}</ref> He believed the Dwarves were incapable of slaying the Dragon. However, he soon heard from his own messengers (including the birds) that the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]] had been felled (and the [[Lake-town]] was destroyed).

Thranduil was aware that Smaug had a massive hoard of treasure. Believing the Dwarves to be dead, and desiring a share of the treasure, he set out towards the [[Lonely Mountain]] with a company of Elves. On the way, they met messengers from [[Bard]] who was seeking aid for his destroyed town. Thranduil gave aid to these Men, as the [[Lake-men]] had been friends with the Wood-elves, and left elven craftsmen to aid in the labour and building of huts to fortify them against the coming winter.<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref> Together, Thranduil and Bard led their forces towards the Lonely Mountain and were surprised when they found out that the Dwarves not only survived Smaug's attacks, but had taken possession of the Mountain and its treasures; the [[King under the Mountain]] had returned.
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Arkenstone.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Arkenstone'']]

As Thorin refused to give away any part of the treasure for [[Dale]] and Lake-town under armed threat, Thranduil and Bard besieged the mountain. After a few days, a Dwarvish host led by [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]], who had been summoned by [[Ravens|raven]] messengers, approached to support Thorin. But, two evenings before his arrival, Bilbo came before Thranduil and Bard bringing the [[Arkenstone]], a great jewel that Thorin valued above all, in order to make Thorin open to negotiations again. Thranduil was impressed by Bilbo and urged him to remain in order to avoid Thorin's wrath, but Bilbo returned to his friends. The next morning Bard and Thranduil entered into negotiations with an angered Thorin, who agreed to pay one-fourteenth share of the treasure in exchange for the stone. Thranduil was reluctant to start a war over gold, but when the forces of Dáin arrived the next day, before the trade had been made for the Arkenstone, the Dwarves proceeded to attack.

[[Image:Capucine Mazille - The Battle of Five Armies.jpg|thumb|Capucine Mazille - ''The Battle of Five Armies'']]
At that moment, the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] and [[Grey Mountains]] under [[Bolg]] were using the opportunity to march after the hoard, and he was accompanied by a cloud of great bats. After skirmishing among themselves, under the council of Gandalf, the three commanders agreed that the Goblins were the enemies of all. So the [[Battle of Five Armies]] began, "upon one side were the Goblins and the Wild Wolves, and upon the other were Elves and Men and Dwarves."<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> Thranduil's host was positioned on the southern side of the Mountain, and they were the first to charge. Many Elves and allies were slain and things looked grim when the [[Eagles]] and [[Beorn]] arrived on the battlefield. They turned the tide and the battle was won.
[[File:Alan Lee - The King under the Mountain.jpg|thumb|"The King under the Mountain" by [[Alan Lee]]|left]]
Thorin died soon after the battle. Thranduil laid [[Orcrist]] on Thorin's tomb, where it was said to glow in warning when foes approached.

The victors divided the treasure, with Bard giving Thranduil the emeralds of [[Girion]]. When Bilbo and [[Gandalf]] bade farewell to Thranduil, Bilbo gave him a necklace of silver and pearls. Thranduil gave the [[Hobbits|hobbit]] the title [[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]] and returned with the remainder of his host to his realm in Mirkwood.

=== War of the Ring===

On [[21 March]], {{TA|3018}} [[Aragorn]] and [[Gandalf]] delivered [[Gollum]] as a prisoner to Thranduil; but in June he later escaped. Thranduil sent his son [[Legolas]] to Rivendell to inform [[Elrond]], and during the [[Council of Elrond]] Legolas was selected as one of the nine members of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Company of the Ring]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref> Another member of the Company was the Dwarf, [[Gimli]], the son of [[Glóin]] of [[Thorin and Company|Thorin's company]], who had previously been imprisoned by Thranduil. The unprecedented friendship between Elf and Dwarf helped to reconcile Thranduil's people and the Dwarves.

On [[15 March]], {{TA|3019}}, [[Sauron]]'s army from [[Dol Guldur]] attacked Mirkwood. There was a long [[Battle Under Trees|battle under the trees]] and the woods were set on fire, but in the end Thranduil was victorious. In the south, the forces of the [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]] stormed Dol Guldur and threw down its walls.

On [[6 April]], the Elvenking met with Lord [[Celeborn]] in the midst of Mirkwood and renamed it ''[[Eryn Lasgalen]]'', "The Wood of the Greenleaves". With the forest cleansed and Sauron's forces destroyed, the Woodland Realm was divided. Thranduil received the northern region of the Eryn Lasgalen as far as the Mountains and ruled there into the [[Fourth Age]].<ref name="AppB">{{App|B}}</ref>

=== Fourth Age ===
Thranduil's ultimate fate is unknown.

== Personality ==
[[Image:Marya Filatova - Thranduil.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Marya Filatova]] - ''Thranduil'']]
Thranduil lived in atunement with nature, wearing a crown of woodland flowers, or autumn berries and red leaves, according to the season.<ref name="Barrels">{{H|Barrels}}</ref> His banner was green in colour.<ref>{{H|Gathering}}</ref> He loved the forest, though it was dark and dangerous in many parts; and enjoyed hunting and feasting among the trees with his people.<ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref> He was distrustful of strangers for the most part, although he had business dealings with the men of [[Lake-town]].<ref name="Barrels"/> He was mostly unconcerned with affairs of the world beyond Mirkwood unless a common enemy was shared or for trade with "their kinsfolk in the South, or . . . Men in distant lands."<ref name="Barrels"/>

Although his concern was primarily for his realm, the memory of the end of the [[Second Age]] and what lay outside his borders haunted him:
{{blockquote|But there was in Thranduil's heart a still deeper shadow. He had seen the horror of [[Mordor]] and could not forget it. If ever he looked south its memory dimmed the light of the Sun, and though he knew that it was now broken and deserted and under the vigilance of the Kings of Men, fear spoke in his heart that it was not conquered for ever; it would arise again.|{{UT|6b}}}}

He had a particular fondness for white gems and wanted to acquire more: "if the elf-king had a weakness it was for treasure, especially for silver and white gems; and though his hoard was rich, was eager for more, since he had not yet as great a treasure as other elf-lords of old."<ref name="Flies"/> Despite this weakness, he was wise and would not wantonly go to war, risking his people's lives, over treasure. This was evidenced when the Elvenking said, "long will I tarry, ere I begin this war for gold . . . let us hope still for something that will bring reconciliation."<ref name="Burst"/>

== Etymology ==
The name '''Thranduil''' means "Vigorous spring" in [[Sindarin]], from ''[[tharan]]'' "vigorous" and ''[[tuil]]'' "spring". Though the name is said to be of [[Silvan Elvish|Silvan]] origin, Tolkien's notes on ''tharan'' state it was used only in Sindarin.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 187</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| ORO |ORO=[[Oropher]] ''d. {{SA|3434}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| THR |THR='''THRANDUIL''' ''Unknown''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| LEG |LEG=[[Legolas]] ''Sailed West {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Thranduil in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Thranduil.jpg|The "Elvenking" in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (2003 video game) - Thranduil.jpg|Thranduil in [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Battle for Middle-earth II - Thranduil.jpg|Thranduil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Thranduil.jpg|Thranduil in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
}}
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Leonard Fenton]] provided the voice of Thranduil. He provides him with a Germanic accent.

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Thranduil is voiced by [[Otto Preminger]]. For some reason, in the movie, the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] are portrayed as squat and ugly, as opposed to the noble Elves of [[Rivendell]]. Like Fenton before him, Preminger's Thranduil speaks with a German accent.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Thranduil is referred to as "Elvenking Thranduil", using both his title from ''The Hobbit'' and his name from ''The Lord of the Rings'', to accommodate players who have only read ''The Hobbit''. Thranduil first appears in the level "Barrels Out of Bond", in which he can be overheard speaking about the [[White Council]] and their attack on [[Dol Guldur]]. He returns as a conversation partner in the last level, "The Clouds Burst", in which he and Gandalf ask the player, in the persona of Bilbo, to deliver a message to Bard. No voice actor is specified for this part.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Thranduil is a hero for the Elven faction. In the good campaign, he shows up after the [[Battle of Dale]], and participates in the Siege of [[Dol Guldur]].

'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''
:Thranduil is played by [[Lee Pace]] in the ''Hobbit'' [[The Hobbit (film series)|film trilogy]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150239464391558|articlename=Casting news!|dated=30-April-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> Thranduil is first seen in the prologue paying homage to King [[Thrór]] inside within the [[Lonely Mountain]], though leaves in a huff when the [[Dwarves]] refuse to give him a box of white jewels. He is next seen with an army outside of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] riding a reindeer, seemingly ready to help during the [[Sack of Erebor]]. However, he decides not to help and turns away.

'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''
:Mentioning his past, Thranduil is portrayed as a widower and also an isolationist king who isn't concerned with the evil that happens beyond his borders. He has generously raised [[Tauriel]] for the last 600 years, and also mentions that he has fought the "[[cold-drakes|serpents of the North]]".
:When [[Thorin]] is taken before Thranduil in the [[Elvenking's Halls]], he surmises that he and his [[Thorin and Company|Company]] are going to try to reclaim the [[Lonely Mountain]] from [[Smaug]] (unlike in the book, where he had no idea as to their purpose). He offers a deal to Thorin, saying he will let the Company go if they will pay him the white jewels he desires inside the Mountain. When the Dwarf refuses and chastises him for not offering aid to the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]] the day of the Sack, the Elven-king reveals a large disfigurement on his face underneath his skin, mentioning his fighting against the 'great serpents of the North.'
:Later, an [[unseen|invisible]] Bilbo Baggins spies his discussion with Tauriel, having ordered her company of Elves to destroy the [[spiders]]'s nests, but not beyond the borders of the Woodland Realm, displaying his disregard for the outside world.
:He and Legolas interrogate [[Narzug]], a captured [[Orcs|Orc]] who claims that [[Sauron|"The One"]] is returning, and will unleash a powerful weapon (possibly Smaug). Despite his own promise to "set him free", he beheads the orc, and orders the kingdom to be completely sealed off from the outside world.

'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:After learning of [[Smaug]]'s demise, Thranduil leads his Elven army to claim the white jewels from the Dwarves of Erebor, even by force. It is revealed that these jewels were meant for his wife, who had been taken to [[Gundabad]] and tortured by Orcs to death many years prior. When the army arrives in [[Dale]], he forges an allegiance with [[Bard]], also offering the [[Lake-town]] refugees food and supplies. When Gandalf arrives at Erebor to warn them of the impending attack by the approaching Orc army, the Elven-king refuses to listen. Thranduil's soldiers come to clashes with those of [[Dáin Ironfoot]] right before the Orcs arrive, leading to the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. Thranduil himself fights in the battle against the Orcs, but withdraws his forces when defence of Dale results in many Elven casualties. This leads to a confrontation between him and [[Tauriel]] before she and [[Legolas]] go to Thorin's aid at [[Ravenhill]]. The event causes a rift between Thranduil and his son, to the point where Legolas decides not to return to the kingdom. Thranduil then advises him to go and find the [[Rangers of the North|Ranger]] known as "[[Strider (Aragorn)|Strider]]" among the [[Dúnedain]]. The Elven-king also accepts Tauriel's love for [[Kíli]] when he finds her mourning over the Dwarf's death.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Thranduil|Images of Thranduil]]

==External links==

*[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2013/09/15/79209-thranduil-the-fisher-king-and-oberon-why-it-matters/ Thranduil, The Fisher King and Oberon; Why It Matters] by Marthe
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/09/27/was-the-elvenking-of-the-hobbit-supposed-to-be-thingol-greycloak/ Was the Elvenking of ''The Hobbit'' Supposed to be Thingol Greycloak?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Silvan Elvish names]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[de:Thranduil]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/thranduil]]
[[fi:Thranduil]]

Doriath

2019-11-17T00:51:34Z

179.107.143.205:

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Beleg Departs from Menegroth.jpg|250px]]
| name=Doriath
| pronun=
| othernames=Eglador, The Guarded Realm, The Hidden Kingdom
| location=Forests in central [[Beleriand]]
| capital=[[Menegroth]]
| towns=
| regions=[[Neldoreth]], [[Region]], [[Nivrim]], [[Brethil]], [[Nan Elmoth]]
| population=[[Sindar]] Few [[Laiquendi]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| govern2=Later [[Dior]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Thingol awakes
| event1date=c. {{YT|1152}}
| event2=Building [[Menegroth]]
| event2date={{YT|1300}}
| event3=[[Girdle of Melian]] established
| event3date={{YT|1497}}
| event4=[[Dior]] becomes King
| event4date={{FA|503}}
| event5=Abandoned
| event5date={{FA|506}}
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Doriath.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Doriath''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈdorjaθ]}}) was the land of the [[Sindar]]. It was called the Fenced Land, for its queen, [[Melian]], put a girdle of enchantment about it, so that none could enter without King [[Thingol]]'s permission.

==Geography==
Doriath was a realm of forests about the great river [[Sirion]], with in it the forests ''Neldoreth'' (also ''Taur-na-Neldor'', the northern [[Beeches|beech]] forest), ''[[Nivrim]]'' (also West-march, an oak forest), and ''[[Forest of Region|Region]]''. Additionally, the forests of ''[[Brethil]]'' and ''[[Nan Elmoth]]'' were held as part of Doriath, but these last two lay outside the Girdle of Melian. King Elu [[Thingol]] of Doriath, also High King of the Sindar, saw all of Beleriand as his realm, from the [[Gelion]] to [[Belegaer]].
ỳ
===Establishment===
The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] had passed by it on the [[Great Journey]], and had been ferried across on [[Tol Eressëa]] by the time the [[Teleri]] arrived. Then their lord [[Elwë]] was lost in Nan Elmoth, and when [[Ulmo]] returned for them a part remained behind. They became known as the Sindar or Grey Elves, and when Thingol returned he became their king, ruling from Doriath.

Doriath was originally named '''''[[Doriath#Etymology|Eglador]]''''',<ref name=SSindar/> but in the last years before the rising of the [[Sun]], attacks by [[Orcs]] and other [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s creatures began to increase in Beleriand, and Melian fenced the forests of Neldoreth, Region, and Nivrim. Thingol then called all the [[Sindar]] to Doriath, but many remained in the wild.

===Other peoples===
On Melian's advice, Thingol became an ally of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]], who carved the caverns of [[Menegroth]] for him.<ref name="Sindar"/>

In {{YT|1497}}, after the [[First Battle of Beleriand]], many [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] removed to Doriath.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|10}}</ref> After the First Battle of Beleriand, Doriath was encircled by the [[Girdle of Melian]], an impenetrable fence of enchantment that guarded the kingdom.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> While his own kingdom was protected, Thingol was still loath to surrender any other lands in Beleriand to the Noldor as he was suspicious of the aggressive new lords in Middle-earth.<ref name="Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> King Thingol's relations with the Noldor were strained, and grew worse decades later when he learned the truth of the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. Thingol banned the use of [[Quenya]] in his lands, which led to [[Sindarin]] being the common Elven tongue in Middle-earth. The King of Doriath refused to aid the Noldor in the war against Morgoth, and took little part in the ongoing struggle.<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

[[Eöl]] the Dark Elf leased Nan Elmoth from Thingol, having paid the sword [[Anglachel]] for it. When later [[Men]] arrived in Beleriand, they were also refused entry, however at [[Finrod]]'s request the [[Haladin]] were allowed to live in [[Brethil]].

[[Beren]], son of [[Barahir]] and lord of the [[House of Bëor|First House of Men]], passed through the Girdle as Melian had foretold, and arrived in Neldoreth. There Thingol's daughter Lúthien fell in love with him. After the Quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] the Wolf [[Carcharoth]] also breached the Girdle, but Thingol, Beren, and Thingol's captains [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]] hunted and killed the beast.

[[Túrin]] was sent to Doriath, and lived there until he came of age, when he fled from the land. Later his mother and sister, [[Morwen]] and [[Nienor]] lived there, until they were lost.

===Nauglamír===
In {{FA|502}}, some time after Túrin's tragic death, Húrin, Túrin's father and now an old man, was allowed to enter Menegroth with a band of outlaws, where in anger he threw the [[Nauglamír]], the treasure of [[Nargothrond]] before King Thingol and "thanked" him for aiding his son. This infuriated the outlaws, who tried to take the gold back but were killed by Thingol's guards.<ref>{{LT2|IV}}</ref> Melian finally pierced through Húrin's madness and grief; shamed by his actions, he left Menegroth a broken man.<ref name="Doriath">{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol'']]

At that time a desire came into Thingol's heart to take the Nauglamír and place the Silmaril in it, thus melding together two of the greatest creations made by the Elves and the [[Dwarves]]. He hired some [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Dwarven craftsmen]] to do it for him. But by the time the Dwarves were finished they had become obsessed with the Nauglamír and asked for it as a payment for their labour. This infuriated Thingol realizing they were coveting the Silmaril. The Dwarves were angered by his harsh words, and killed him. This led to the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sacking of Menegroth]] in {{FA|503}} and the eventual [[Second Kinslaying|destruction of Doriath]], which scattered its people.<ref name="Doriath"/>

In {{FA|503}}, Doriath was briefly restored under Beren and Lúthien's son [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]].<ref name="Doriath"/> Learning that the [[Silmaril]] is in Doriath, the [[Sons of Fëanor]] sent message to [[Dior]] requesting the return of the Silmaril. Dior does not answer.<ref name="Doriath"/><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref>. However, in {{FA|506}}, Dior was attacked and killed by the [[Sons of Fëanor]], along with their followers. They assaulted Doriath with a surprise attack, in the middle of winter, and fought with Dior in the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves]]. This was the second slaying of Elf by Elf. In that battle, Dior slew [[Celegorm]]. [[Curufin]] and [[Caranthir]] also fell. Dior was also slain along with his wife Nimloth. Eluréd and Elurín were seized, taken into the forest, and left to starve by the cruel servants of Celegorm.<ref name="Doriath"/> Maedhros repented of this act of vengeance and cruelty against the children, and he long sought for them in the woods, but "his search was unavailing," and the fate of Dior's sons is not known.<ref name="Doriath"/> By {{FA|507}}, Doriath was utterly destroyed following the [[Second Kinslaying]].<ref name="Doriath"/>
==Etymology==

''Doriath'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Land of the Fence"<ref name=silmindex>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref name=WJ/> or "Land of the [[Girdle of Melian|Girdle]]"<ref name=SSindar>{{S|Sindar}}</ref>. The name consists of the elements ''[[dôr]]'' + ''[[iâth]]''.<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 370, 378</ref>

The earlier name of Doriath, ''Eglador'', probably means either "Land of the Forsaken"<ref name=silmindex/> or "Land of the [[Elves]]"{{fact}} in [[Sindarin]].

==Other versions of the legendarium==

'''Artanor''' ("The Land Beyond") was in early versions of the [[legendarium]] the name for what was later called Doriath.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]; [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed), ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''</ref>
{{references}}
{{kinslayings}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Doriath| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Doriath]]
[[fi:Doriath]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:royaumes:doriath]]

Doriath

2019-11-17T00:50:39Z

179.107.143.205: /* Geography */

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Beleg Departs from Menegroth.jpg|250px]]
| name=Doriath
| pronun=
| othernames=Eglador, The Guarded Realm, The Hidden Kingdom
| location=Forests in central [[Beleriand]]
| capital=[[Menegroth]]
| towns=
| regions=[[Neldoreth]], [[Region]], [[Nivrim]], [[Brethil]], [[Nan Elmoth]]
| population=[[Sindar]] Few [[Laiquendi]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| govern2=Later [[Dior]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Thingol awakes
| event1date=c. {{YT|1152}}
| event2=Building [[Menegroth]]
| event2date={{YT|1300}}
| event3=[[Girdle of Melian]] established
| event3date={{YT|1497}}
| event4=[[Dior]] becomes King
| event4date={{FA|503}}
| event5=Abandoned
| event5date={{FA|506}}
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Doriath.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Doriath''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈdorjaθ]}}) was the land of the [[Sindar]]. It was called the Fenced Land, for its queen, [[Melian]], put a girdle of enchantment about it, so that none could enter without King [[Thingol]]'s permission.

==Geography==
Doriath was a realm of forests about the great river [[Sirion]], with in it the forests ''Neldoreth'' (also ''Taur-na-Neldor'', the northern [[Beeches|beech]] forest), ''[[Nivrim]]'' (also West-march, an oak forest), and ''[[Forest of Region|Region]]''. Additionally, the forests of ''[[Brethil]]'' and ''[[Nan Elmoth]]'' were held as part of Doriath, but these last two lay outside the Girdle of Melian. King Elu [[Thingol]] of Doriath, also High King of the Sindar, saw all of Beleriand as his realm, from the [[Gelion]] to [[Belegaer]].

==History==
===Establishment===
The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] had passed by it on the [[Great Journey]], and had been ferried across on [[Tol Eressëa]] by the time the [[Teleri]] arrived. Then their lord [[Elwë]] was lost in Nan Elmoth, and when [[Ulmo]] returned for them a part remained behind. They became known as the Sindar or Grey Elves, and when Thingol returned he became their king, ruling from Doriath.

Doriath was originally named '''''[[Doriath#Etymology|Eglador]]''''',<ref name=SSindar/> but in the last years before the rising of the [[Sun]], attacks by [[Orcs]] and other [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s creatures began to increase in Beleriand, and Melian fenced the forests of Neldoreth, Region, and Nivrim. Thingol then called all the [[Sindar]] to Doriath, but many remained in the wild.

===Other peoples===
On Melian's advice, Thingol became an ally of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]], who carved the caverns of [[Menegroth]] for him.<ref name="Sindar"/>

In {{YT|1497}}, after the [[First Battle of Beleriand]], many [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] removed to Doriath.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|10}}</ref> After the First Battle of Beleriand, Doriath was encircled by the [[Girdle of Melian]], an impenetrable fence of enchantment that guarded the kingdom.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> While his own kingdom was protected, Thingol was still loath to surrender any other lands in Beleriand to the Noldor as he was suspicious of the aggressive new lords in Middle-earth.<ref name="Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> King Thingol's relations with the Noldor were strained, and grew worse decades later when he learned the truth of the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. Thingol banned the use of [[Quenya]] in his lands, which led to [[Sindarin]] being the common Elven tongue in Middle-earth. The King of Doriath refused to aid the Noldor in the war against Morgoth, and took little part in the ongoing struggle.<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

[[Eöl]] the Dark Elf leased Nan Elmoth from Thingol, having paid the sword [[Anglachel]] for it. When later [[Men]] arrived in Beleriand, they were also refused entry, however at [[Finrod]]'s request the [[Haladin]] were allowed to live in [[Brethil]].

[[Beren]], son of [[Barahir]] and lord of the [[House of Bëor|First House of Men]], passed through the Girdle as Melian had foretold, and arrived in Neldoreth. There Thingol's daughter Lúthien fell in love with him. After the Quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] the Wolf [[Carcharoth]] also breached the Girdle, but Thingol, Beren, and Thingol's captains [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]] hunted and killed the beast.

[[Túrin]] was sent to Doriath, and lived there until he came of age, when he fled from the land. Later his mother and sister, [[Morwen]] and [[Nienor]] lived there, until they were lost.

===Nauglamír===
In {{FA|502}}, some time after Túrin's tragic death, Húrin, Túrin's father and now an old man, was allowed to enter Menegroth with a band of outlaws, where in anger he threw the [[Nauglamír]], the treasure of [[Nargothrond]] before King Thingol and "thanked" him for aiding his son. This infuriated the outlaws, who tried to take the gold back but were killed by Thingol's guards.<ref>{{LT2|IV}}</ref> Melian finally pierced through Húrin's madness and grief; shamed by his actions, he left Menegroth a broken man.<ref name="Doriath">{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol'']]

At that time a desire came into Thingol's heart to take the Nauglamír and place the Silmaril in it, thus melding together two of the greatest creations made by the Elves and the [[Dwarves]]. He hired some [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Dwarven craftsmen]] to do it for him. But by the time the Dwarves were finished they had become obsessed with the Nauglamír and asked for it as a payment for their labour. This infuriated Thingol realizing they were coveting the Silmaril. The Dwarves were angered by his harsh words, and killed him. This led to the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sacking of Menegroth]] in {{FA|503}} and the eventual [[Second Kinslaying|destruction of Doriath]], which scattered its people.<ref name="Doriath"/>

In {{FA|503}}, Doriath was briefly restored under Beren and Lúthien's son [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]].<ref name="Doriath"/> Learning that the [[Silmaril]] is in Doriath, the [[Sons of Fëanor]] sent message to [[Dior]] requesting the return of the Silmaril. Dior does not answer.<ref name="Doriath"/><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref>. However, in {{FA|506}}, Dior was attacked and killed by the [[Sons of Fëanor]], along with their followers. They assaulted Doriath with a surprise attack, in the middle of winter, and fought with Dior in the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves]]. This was the second slaying of Elf by Elf. In that battle, Dior slew [[Celegorm]]. [[Curufin]] and [[Caranthir]] also fell. Dior was also slain along with his wife Nimloth. Eluréd and Elurín were seized, taken into the forest, and left to starve by the cruel servants of Celegorm.<ref name="Doriath"/> Maedhros repented of this act of vengeance and cruelty against the children, and he long sought for them in the woods, but "his search was unavailing," and the fate of Dior's sons is not known.<ref name="Doriath"/> By {{FA|507}}, Doriath was utterly destroyed following the [[Second Kinslaying]].<ref name="Doriath"/>
==Etymology==

''Doriath'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Land of the Fence"<ref name=silmindex>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref name=WJ/> or "Land of the [[Girdle of Melian|Girdle]]"<ref name=SSindar>{{S|Sindar}}</ref>. The name consists of the elements ''[[dôr]]'' + ''[[iâth]]''.<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 370, 378</ref>

The earlier name of Doriath, ''Eglador'', probably means either "Land of the Forsaken"<ref name=silmindex/> or "Land of the [[Elves]]"{{fact}} in [[Sindarin]].

==Other versions of the legendarium==

'''Artanor''' ("The Land Beyond") was in early versions of the [[legendarium]] the name for what was later called Doriath.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]; [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed), ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''</ref>
{{references}}
{{kinslayings}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Doriath| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Doriath]]
[[fi:Doriath]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:royaumes:doriath]]

Galadriel

2019-11-17T00:44:32Z

179.107.143.205: /* Etymology */

{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Galadriel|[[Galadriel (disambiguation)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| name=Galadriel
| image=[[File:Matt Stewart - Galadriel.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Galadriel" by [[:Category:Images by Matt Stewart|Matt Stewart]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[#Names|Artanis]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''[[Nerwen]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) ''[[Galadriel#Names|Alatáriel]]'' ([[Telerin|T]], [[epessë]])
| titles=[[Lady of Lórien]], Lady of Light, Lady of the Wood, Lady of the [[Galadhrim]] Mistress of Magic<ref>Called thus by [[Faramir (son of Denethor II)|Faramir]] ({{TT|Window}}).</ref>
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Doriath]]; [[Lindon]]; [[Eregion]]; [[Imladris]]; [[Edhellond]]; [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=[[White Council]], [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Silvan Elvish]]
| birth={{YT|1362}}<ref>{{MR|P2l}}, p. 106</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{TA|1981}} - {{TA|3021}}
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] and [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Finrod]], [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]]
| spouse=[[Celeborn]]
| children=[[Celebrían]] ([[Amroth]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, earlier version)
| gender=Female
| height=6 feet, 4 inches (193cm)<ref>{{UT|Measures}}</ref><ref group=note>Quote by J.R.R. Tolkien from the Unfinished Tales, the same section referenced:'' "Thus two rangar was often called 'man-high', which at thirty-eight inches gives an average height of six feet four inches; (1.93 meters) '''but this was at a later date, when the stature of the Dúnedain appears to have decreased'''..."'' (emphasis mine)</ref>
| hair=Radiant gold-silver
| eyes=
| clothing=White robes
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Very tall [Galadriel and Celeborn] were, and the Lady no less tall than the Lord; and they were grave and beautiful. They were clad wholly in white; and the hair of the Lady was of deep gold… but no sign of age was upon them, unless it were in the depths of their eyes; for these were keen as lances in the starlight, and yet profound, the wells of deep memory.|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]"}}
'''Galadriel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ɡaˈladri.el]}}) was a [[Noldo]], one of the [[Calaquendi]], and arguably the most famous and powerful elf of the [[Third Age]]. She was one of the bearers of the [[Three Rings]], of [[Nenya]], and with it kept her realm of [[Lothlórien]] free of stain.

==History==
===Life in Aman===
When a fourth child was born to [[Finarfin]], prince of the Noldor, and [[Eärwen]], princess of the [[Falmari|Teleri]], her father named her '''[[Artanis]]''', which is "noble woman". She was unusually tall and strong as she grew, and so Eärwen’s name for her was '''[[Nerwen]]''', "man-maiden". Though the source of her hair colour was from her parents, it was said among the Eldar that her hair had captured the light of the [[Two Trees]] in Valinor, which resulted a unique and dazzling colour of gold and silver.<ref name=Galadriel>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> According to a legend, this is how [[Fëanor]] conceived the idea of capturing the light of the trees inside the [[Silmarils]]. Despite her mixed blood, she was identified as a princess of the Noldor, as her father was the third son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]].

During the [[Darkening of Valinor]], she was very independent and visionary. She swore no [[Oath of Fëanor|oaths]], but the words of Fëanor concerning Middle-earth kindled a desire in her heart, as she was eager to see those wide unguarded lands and rule a realm of her own. During the troubles that followed, even though she participated in the revolt of the Noldor,<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> she fought against Fëanor in defence of her mother's kin in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].<ref name=Galadriel/> Accounts suggest she travelled among the second group led by Fingolfin, which joined the battle at [[Alqualondë]] late and without knowing how it had started. Some of that group had not participated in the killing, although it is not clear who and how many. Dismayed by the Doom of [[Mandos]], her father Finarfin abandoned the march of the Noldor and returned to Valinor. But Galadriel and her brothers crossed the [[Helcaraxë]] in far north and arrived to the northern shores of [[Hither Lands]]<ref name="Sil9">{{S|Flight}}</ref>.

:See also: ''[[#Other Versions of the Legendarium|Other Versions of the Legendarium]]''.

===Arrival to Middle-earth===
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|left|thumb|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Love at First Sight'']]
In [[Beleriand]], Galadriel and her eldest brother [[Finrod Felagund]] came to [[Doriath]] as guests of [[Elu Thingol]], the King of Doriath. It was there she met [[Celeborn]], a kinsman of Thingol, who would become her husband and companion in Middle-earth<ref>{{S|13}}</ref>. When her brother Finrod departed to the [[Caverns of Narog]] to establish the stronghold of [[Nargothrond]], Galadriel did not go with him and remained in Doriath with her husband, though she occasionally visited her brother in Nargothrond.
[[Image:Donato Giancola - Galadriel and the mirror.jpg|right|thumb|[[Donato Giancola]] - ''Galadriel and the mirror'']]
During her days in Doriath, Galadriel became friends with Queen [[Melian]] the [[Maia]], and they spoke often to one another about Valinor.<ref name="Sil15">{{S|15}}</ref> Melian was eager to learn the causes of the [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile of the Noldor]], but Galadriel would tell her nothing of what occurred after the death of the Trees. Eventually, however, as Melian’s guesses became more shrewd and accurate, Galadriel revealed the tale to her, though still leaving out the Oath of Feanor, the Kinslaying and the burning of the Ships at [[Losgar]].<ref name="Sil15"/> Melian was able to discern some of what was left unsaid, and still more came as rumors to Thingol’s ears. At last, egged on by the accusing words of Thingol, [[Angrod]] told all. Galadriel was not expelled from Doriath because of Thingol’s sympathy to the houses of Finarfin and Fingolfin for the wrongs they had suffered. All the same, she went to Nargothrond to live with Finrod for a time.<ref name="Sil15"/> Presumably, she returned to Doriath to live with her husband.

Galadriel and Celeborn did not have any significant role in the general course of events in the [[War of the Jewels]]. It is said that even before the [[Fall of Nargothrond]] ({{FA|495}}) she passed over [[Blue Mountains|the mountains]],<ref name=mirror>{{FR|Mirror}}</ref> so presumably she was in [[Eriador]], far from the turmoil of the last years of the [[First Age]].

===Second Age===
After the War of Wrath and the overthrow of Morgoth, she chose to remain with Celeborn, who would not leave Middle-earth, but also because she was one of those eager to explore Middle-earth from the beginning.<ref name=concerning/> A ban was set upon her return to Aman by the Valar, but she was proud and replied that she had no interest in returning.<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref>

They ruled over the fiefdom of [[Harlindon]], which was composed mostly of [[Sindar]], under the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]]<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>. Eventually the couple crossed into [[Eriador]] with many Noldor in their following, together with [[Sindar]] and [[Green-elves]]; and for a while they dwelt in the country about [[Lake Nenuial]] ruling the Eldar in Eriador, including the wandering companies of the native Nandor.<ref name=concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

They departed for [[Eregion]] in {{SA|700}} and arrived there by {{SA|750}}.<ref name=concerning/><ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> It was ruled by [[Celebrimbor]], a grandson of Fëanor and distant cousin of Galadriel. They dwelt there for a time and Galadriel was probably present during the crafting of the [[Rings of Power]]. Eventually, Galadriel and Celeborn made contact with the [[Nandor]] of [[Amdír]], who dwelt in a forest realm called Lindórinand (Vale of the Land of Singers) across the [[Misty Mountains]]. They crossed the [[Hithaeglir]] through [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and relocated to there, becoming great among the [[Silvan Elves|Wood-elves]].

Celebrimbor and the jewelsmiths of [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] collaborated with [[Annatar]] on the great process of making Rings of Power.<ref name="SilV">{{S|V}}</ref> By Annatar’s help, the Elves of Eregion created many rings, but both Celebrimbor and Annatar created greater rings of their own in secret. Celebrimbor wrought the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves, which were far more powerful than the lesser rings. Annatar, however, wrought [[the One Ring]]. When he placed it on his finger, the Elves were aware of his treachery, and took off their rings. Celebrimbor, afraid for his life but even more for the safety of the Three Rings, sent them to three of the [[Wise]]: [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]] for Gil-galad and [[Círdan]] in [[Lindon]], respectively, and [[Nenya]] for Galadriel. Very few even of the Eldar knew who hid each of these Rings. Celebrimbor was slain by [[Sauron]] not long after, and Eregion was laid waste.<ref name="SilV"/> But the Three Rings were safe.

[[Image:Angus McBride - Galadriel.gif|thumb|left|250px|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Galadriel'']]

At this time, many Noldor of Sindarin speech migrated to the realm of Amdír, escaping from the destruction of Eregion, and Celeborn fortified it against Sauron's attempts to cross the Anduin. Soon thereafter, the White Council (not to be confused with the first White Council of the Third Age) was held in the newly-found realm of Imladris, where Elrond met and fell in love with Celebrían, the daughter that Galadriel and Celeborn had at some time during the Second Age.<ref name=Galadriel/>

But at some later time, Galadriel and Celeborn departed from Imladris and went to the little-inhabited lands between the mouth of the [[Gwathló]] and [[Ethir Anduin]].<ref name=Galadriel/> There they dwelt in Belfalas, at [[Edhellond]],<ref name=Galadriel/> near the place that was afterwards called [[Dol Amroth]]; and their company was swelled by [[Silvan Elves]] from Lórinand.<ref name=Galadriel/>

In time, [[Amdír]], [[King of Lórien]], was slain in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] during the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Celeborn may have participated in the war, but the greatest effect it had on the twain was the destruction of [[Sauron]] and the loss of [[the One Ring]]. Galadriel was now free to use her ring.

===Third Age===
When King [[Amroth]] son of Amdír perished, Celeborn and Galadriel left [[Edhellond]] to rule Lindórinand jointly, and were called the [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]]. Galadriel planted the [[mallorn]] seeds brought with her from Lindon, the only mallorn east of the Sea, and afterwards the realm was called Lórinand (Valley of Gold) and Laurelindórinand (Valley of the Singing Gold), which through some transformations turned into the later name of [[Lothlórien]] or Lórien. They established [[Caras Galadhon]], and the realm of Lothlórien was one of light and life. With [[Nenya]], the Ring of Water, Galadriel made the realm of Lórien even greater. With the power of her ring, she protected it from the intrusion of evils throughout the Third Age.It was during their days of power and glory in Lothlórien that Celebrían, their only child, married [[Elrond]], a close friend of Galadriel’s and bearer of [[Vilya]] after the death of Gil-galad during the Alliance. Celeborn and Galadriel had three grandchildren by her, one of whom, [[Arwen]], they were especially close to. But Celebrían was waylaid and tortured by [[Orcs]] in {{TA|2509}}, and passed West over the sea.

In {{TA|2463}}, the [[White Council]] was formed. Galadriel, being one of the [[Wise]] and the greatest threat to Sauron alive, was one of the members.<ref name="SilV"/> Celeborn may have been as well, but this is not known for sure. She was a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and recommended that he be made head of the Council. But this distinction fell instead to [[Saruman]], whom she distrusted. Sometime before the Quest for the Lonely Mountain, the White Council began to notice a dark shadow arising in Mirkwood. When Gandalf later discovered it to be Sauron, he urged the council to drive him out. After deliberating, the council acted and Galadriel assisted them in driving Sauron out of Dol Guldur in the year 2941 of the Third Age.

[[Image:Billy Mosig - The Mirror of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Billy Mosig]] - ''The Mirror of Galadriel'']]During the [[War of the Ring]], Galadriel met the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}. She especially was attentive to the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Frodo Baggins]], who was the bearer of [[the One Ring]]. She showed him Nenya, and let him gaze into her [[Mirror of Galadriel|mirror]] of seeing. He offered her the One Ring, and despite the extreme temptation, she resisted it successfully. She sent the Fellowship off on their quest furnished with [[Gifts_of_Galadriel|gifts]]. The two most important gifts she gave were to [[Aragorn]], whom she knew well and liked, and a [[Dwarves|dwarf]] named [[Gimli]]. To Aragorn she gave the [[Elfstone]], which she and her daughter Celebrían had worn. This jewel was created for her by Celebrimbor in Eregion, in remembrance of the first Elfstone, that was now lost.<ref name=Galadriel/> She was unsure as to what to give Gimli, and asked what he wanted. After complimenting her beauty, he requested a single strand of her hair. Galadriel remembered the posing of a similar question by Fëanor, but had searched Gimli’s heart and knew that his intentions were pure. She rewarded him with three strands, which he was later to put into an imperishable crystal in memory of her.

Not long after the departure of the Fellowship she received the resurrected Gandalf. She reclothed and refurnished him, giving him a new staff. After Gandalf left, Lothlórien was subjected to three successive attacks by armies coming out of [[Dol Guldur]]. By the power of her Ring they were thrice repulsed. Celeborn then led [[Fall of Dol Guldur|an attack on Dol Guldur]] itself. Once the dark fortress was in the hands of the Galadhrim, Galadriel came, threw down its walls, and purified it of its evil. It was her last act of power, for the One Ring was destroyed, and the strength of Nenya waned and eventually vanished almost completely.

===Return to Valinor===
Galadriel attended the wedding of Aragorn with Arwen, then returned to Lothlórien. But in {{TA|3021}}, two years later, she bade farewell to Celeborn her husband and went West to Valinor. With her went the other two bearers of the Rings, Gandalf and Elrond, and Frodo and Bilbo Baggins who had borne the One Ring. They passed West, and came never again to Middle-earth. There in Valinor Galadriel must have tried to heal Frodo of his spiritual wounds.{{fact}} Whether she was successful or not is unknown. But sometime later during the [[Fourth Age]] she received Celeborn{{fact}}, her husband. And in {{FoA|120}}, it is said, she received Gimli her admirer, who was the first and only dwarf to enter Valinor.

==Characteristics==
Galadriel was very beautiful, her hair being the most notable feature about her. It reminded the Eldar of the light of the [[Two Trees]].<ref name=Galadriel/> Galadriel, at least in her earlier years, was of a somewhat proud and rebellious nature. She was free-spirited, and during her time in Aman had many dreams of wide unexplored lands. In her early youth, she was very willful and of an "Amazon" disposition; and bound up her hair as a crown when taking part in athletic feats.<ref>{{L|348}}</ref> Her favorite brother was Finrod, for he, too, shared this vision. She could explore the minds and hearts of others, and her gaze was seeing. It may be because of her unusual beauty and power that she became proud.

But by the Third Age she is also seen to act with wisdom and gentleness. In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', she appears very gentle, firm, and wise. She was revered even more than Celeborn by the Galadhrim and all who met her.

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Galadriel.mp3|Ardamir}}
''[[Galadriel]]'' is a [[Sindarin]] name translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] as "glittering garland",<ref>{{L|345}}, p. 423</ref> "Maiden crowned with gleaming hair",<ref>{{L|348}}, p. 428</ref> and "maiden crowned with a radiant garland".<ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 44-45</ref> It has been suggested that ''Galadriel'' consists of ''[[galad]]'' ("light, radiance") + ''[[rî]]'' ("crown") + ''iel'' ("daughter").<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names#g|articlename=Compound Sindarin Names|website= [http://www.tolkiendil.com/ Tolkiendil.com]}}</ref> Tolkien notes that the element ''galad'' had no relation to Sindarin ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree", or Silvan ''galad'' "tree"), but that such a connexion often was made and her name then was pronounced ''Galadhriel''.<ref name=SApp/><ref>{{MR|P3I5}}, p. 182 (commentary to §42)</ref>

==Names==

At the time of her birth, [[Finarfin]] named his only daughter ''[[Artanis]]''. '''''Artanis''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈartanis]}}, stem ''Artaniss-'') was Galadriel's [[father-name]]: it means "Noble Woman" in [[Quenya]] from ''[[arta]]'' and ''[[nís]]''.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of the Sons of Fëanor with the legend of the fate of Amrod'', p. 354</ref><ref>{{MR|P3II}}, p. 213</ref>

According to the custom of the Elves, her mother, [[Eärwen]], waited a while to give her daughter a name. Due to Artanis's height and her great strength of body and will, Eärwen chose the name '''''Nerwen''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnerwen]}}), meaning 'man-maiden'. In the end, however, their daughter used neither her [[father-name]] nor her mother-name, and instead took the name by which she is known to history: [[Galadriel]].

'''''Alatáriel''''' was the [[Telerin]] [[Quenya]] name given to Galadriel by [[Celeborn]], meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland", which referred to her hair.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', p. 347</ref> The name “Galadriel was chosen by Artanis (’noble woman’) to be her Sindarin name, for it was the most beautiful of her names, and, chose as an epessë [‘nickname’], had been given to her by her lover, Teleporno of the Teleri, whom she wedded later in Beleriand.”<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref><ref group="note">Teleporno was the Teleri-styled named for Lord Celeborn: "“It is only of course in the late version that Celeborn appears with a High-elven, rather than Sindarin, name: Teleporno." {{UT|6e}}</ref>

'''''Galadhriel''''' was a name occasionally, and incorrectly, used of [[Galadriel]] after she became [[Lady of Lórien]], and meaning 'tree-garland'. As the [[Lady of the Galadhrim]], whose capital was at [[Caras Galadhon]], it is perhaps understandable that her name should have become confused with the [[Elvish]] word galadh, meaning 'tree'. Nonetheless, this usage was mistaken — her true name ''Galadriel'' actually derived from the word ''galad'' ("radiant"), and the false variant ''Galadhriel'' was never used in her own country of [[Lórien in Middle-earth|Lórien]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''kal-''</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==

There is a bit of befuddlement and confusion in the story of Galadriel, which [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] revised multiple times. Some of the points that were revised often are the role of Galadriel in the rebellion of the Noldor, the reason why she remained in Middle-earth, and the time at which she met Celeborn.

In the notes to ''The Road Goes Ever On'' and in the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', Galadriel was one of the leaders of the revolt and followed Fëanor into Exile.<ref name="Sil9"/> She couldn't return to Valinor because a ban was set against her, and she met Celeborn in Doriath, who was one of the Sindar. This is the only version of her story that was published by Tolkien during his lifetime.

However, there are two late essays written by Tolkien after ''The Road Goes Ever On'' and published in ''Unfinished Tales'' that contradict this. In one of them, though Galadriel revolts along with the other Noldor, she's offered the pardon of the Valar, but refuses to return to Aman nonetheless.

In the other, later essay, Galadriel has no participation at all in the rebellion of the Noldor, but sails on her own ship to Middle-earth. She would have been allowed to sail to Middle-earth by the Valar in normal conditions, but since she did it during the disturbance of Valinor, she fell under the Doom of Mandos all the same.

In both essays, she met Celeborn in Aman. He was called in Quenya ''Teleporno'', and was a young Telerin prince, probably the son or grandson of [[Olwë]] (which would make him Artanis’s uncle or cousin)*. They eventually fell in love, and he called her in his own Telerin tongue [[Alatáriel]] (later [[Sindarization|Sindarinized]] as Galadriel and semi-[[Quenya|Quenyarized]] as [[Altáriel]]).
It's unknown whether Tolkien would have gone ahead with this revision (possibly making a new edition of ''The Road Goes Ever On''), or if he would have felt bound by the published version.

Another point that was revised, was the time at which Galadriel passed over the mountains of Ered Luin to enter Eriador. In ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', she says that she passed over the mountains before the fall of Nargothrond and Gondolin, yet in Appendix B of The Lord of the Rings it's said that at the beginning of the Second Age she was still dwelling in Lindon, before passing over the mountains. This contradiction in the same work must have been due to a mistake during revision.

Besides this, the earlier version of the story of Amroth given in [[Unfinished Tales]], says that Galadriel and Celeborn had two children, of which one was [[Amroth]].<ref name=Galadriel/>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]]''b. {{YT}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]]''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |y| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]]''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]]''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]]''b. {{YT}}''|SON=''unknown sons''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL |FRD=[[Finrod]]''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL='''GALADRIEL'''''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]]''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB=[[Celebrían]]''b. {{SA}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]]''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]]''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery>
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Galadriel.jpg|[[Cate Blanchett]] as Galadriel in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Galadriel.JPG|Galadriel as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's ''The Fellowship of the Ring'']]
File:Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Galadriel.jpg|[[Cate Blanchett]] as Galadriel in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
File:Shadow of Mordor Galadriel.png|Galadriel as portrayed in [[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor|''Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor'']]</gallery>

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Galadriel is voiced by [[Annette Crosbie]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Galadriel is provided by [[Marian Diamond]]. In addition to the Lothlórien episodes, the voice of Galadriel is heard in Shelob's Lair as a reminder to use the phial, and she appears with Elrond in the final episode in the Shire, as they journey towards the Grey Havens.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Galadriel is played by [[Cate Blanchett]]. Galadriel narrates the Prologue, explaining the creation of the Rings of Power and the War of the Last Alliance. Earlier plans considered were to have either Frodo or Gandalf narrate the Prologue, but this was dropped: Frodo was not alive until thousands of years after these events happened, and although Gandalf was alive, he was not present in Middle-earth at the time; the Wizards came some one thousand years after the Prologue ends. Thus Galadriel narrates the Prologue, because she had first-hand accounts of this history and actively participated in its events.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Galadriel, voiced by [[Jennifer Hale]], is the narrator of the Prologue and the Epilogue, and appears in Lothlórien.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Galadriel frequently consults telepathically with Elrond; there is an indication from the books{{fact}} that the two were able to communicate in some way, without specific reference. In the film, unlike the book, [[Galadriel]] and [[Elrond]] send an army of [[Elves]] - led by [[Haldir]] - to [[Battle of the Hornburg|Helm's Deep]] to aid the [[Rohirrim]]. In the DVD commentary, [[Peter Jackson]] and his fellow writers explain that they worried audiences would wonder why the Elves don't seem to be helping in the war, while at the same time, they felt that actually inserting an entire separate battle scene at Lothlórien would take up too much screentime and resources.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:A spiritual apparition of Lady Galadriel appears to provide Frodo strength following his passage through Shelob's Lair, soon after he uses the Phial that she gave him. She is later seen leaving Middle-Earth along with other Ring-Bearers, but in film version her husband Celeborn departs with her at the same time.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Galadriel is the strongest of "Hero" units available to the Free Peoples. If a player's army manages to spot [[Gollum]] on the battlefield, take The One Ring from him and deliver it to their forces, the option to "summon" Galadriel unlocks for a large amount of resources. Thus, Lady Galadriel is represented as succumbing to corruption of The Ring, similar to the respective scene in the ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' movie.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Galadriel is a non-playable character, who narrates cutscenes and instances throughout the second Volume of the Epic story. Introduced in [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]] Book VI: [[The Shadowy Abyss]], she usually resides on a [[talan]] at [[Caras Galadhon]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Cate Blanchett reprised her role as Galadriel, although the character itself is absent from the novel.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> She appears as part of the [[White Council]] alongside [[Saruman]], [[Gandalf]] and [[Elrond]]. Later, she telepathically urges Gandalf to further seek the true identity of the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]. Finally, during the [[attack on Dol Guldur]], Galadriel plays a larger role. She first rescues Gandalf from captivity, and is ultimately the one to drive Sauron from the fortress using her [[Phial of Galadriel|phial]].

'''2014: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]:'''
:Galadriel is featured in the game, although she is a non-playable character.

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Galadriel|Images of Galadriel]]
{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Galadriel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/galadriel]]
[[fi:Galadriel]]

Morgoth

2019-11-17T00:19:35Z

179.107.143.205: /* Characteristics */

{{sources}}
{{evil infobox
| name=Morgoth
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - And Morgoth came.jpg|250px]]
| caption="And Morgoth came" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Melkor ''[[Morgoth#Names|See below]]''
| titles=Dark Lord
| position=
| location=[[Utumno]] [[Angband]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=In the future
| deathlocation=[[Dagor Dagorath]]
| age=
| notablefor=Disrupting the [[Music of the Ainur|Music]] Controlling all of [[Middle-earth]] Creating [[Orcs]] and [[Dragons]] Destroying the [[Two Trees]] Stealing the [[Silmarils]] Taking over [[Beleriand]] Corrupting [[Men]] Warring with the [[Valar]] Corrupting [[Sauron]]
| parentage=
| siblings=[[Manwë]]
| spouse=
| children=
| race=[[Ainur|Ainu]]
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]]
| steed=
}}
{{Quote|And he descended upon Arda in power and majesty greater than any other of the Valar, as a mountain that wades in the sea and has its head above the clouds and is clad in ice and crowned with smoke and fire; and the light of the eyes of Melkor was like a flame that withers with heat and pierces with a deadly cold.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Ainulindalë]]}}

'''Morgoth''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmorɡoθ]}}), also known as '''[[Morgoth#Names|Melkor]]''', was the greatest of the [[Ainur]]. He fell from glory when he disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur]] and defied the will of [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]]. Morgoth corrupted many of the Ainur to his allegiance, fought the [[Valar]], and corrupted [[Arda]]. His theft of the [[Silmarils]] and [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against [[Elves]] and [[Men]] encompassed much of the history of the [[First Age]]. Eventually, Morgoth was bound in chains by the Valar and thrown into the [[Void]], leaving the permanent damage his evils had done, and his servant [[Sauron]], to trouble the world.

One day, according to [[Final Battle|prophecy]], Morgoth will rise again in great wrath, but he will be destroyed in the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]].{{Pronounce|Sindarin - Morgoth.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

==History==
The first and most powerful of the [[Ainur]] that [[Ilúvatar]] created was a spirit known as Melkor. Because he wandered through the [[Void]] in an attempt to find and use the [[Flame Imperishable]], the source of [[Ilúvatar]]'s creative activity, Melkor developed ideas unlike those of the other Ainur. His feelings grew rebellious against his creator, for he wished to create sentient beings to inhabit the Void and was dissatisfied by the fact that Ilúvatar had not done so. However, Melkor could not find the Flame, for it was not in the Void, but with Ilúvatar.

===The Music of the Ainur===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Melkor weaves Opposing Music'']]
When the Ainur [[Music of the Ainur|made music]], Melkor wove his strange thoughts into his song. His song clashed against the Theme of Ilúvatar, disturbing the Ainur around him and causing some of them to attune their music to his. For a while the Theme of Ilúvatar and the discords of Melkor warred against one another. But [[Eru]] smiled, and sent forth a new theme. Most of the Ainur joined with it, but Melkor rebelliously opposed it even more violently. At last, many of the Ainur stopped singing in dismay, and Melkor’s discords gained dominance. Eru sent out a third Theme against Melkor, sweeter and more beautiful than the others, and unquenchable. But though Melkor could not defeat it, still he opposed it. At last, Eru halted the music completely with a single chord.

Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music finds its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways. Melkor was shamed and angered by this judgement, but hid his feelings. When Eru showed the Ainur the product of their music, [[Eä]], Melkor was one of those who begged to enter [[Arda]], pretending to be willing to cultivate it and guide it for Ilúvatar’s glory. He actually wished to dominate Arda and its creatures, especially the [[Children of Ilúvatar]].

Nonetheless, he was allowed to enter Eä and come to Arda with the other [[Valar]]. Once there, Melkor declared to his colleagues that he was the master of Arda henceforth. [[Manwë]], his brother, did not understand his evil, but fearing that Melkor might try and disrupt their labors in Arda, called forth many more Ainur to protect them. Melkor departed to the remote regions of Eä, leaving the world in peace for a while.

===Wars of the Valar===
But Melkor took form more majestic than any of the Valar, great and terrible and burning with his malice, and he came to Arda to destroy the Valar’s work in preparing it. There was war, the [[First War with Melkor]], in which mountains were felled and brutality inflicted on the Valar. Though he disrupted their work and destroyed much, a great spirit named [[Tulkas]] came to Arda from other regions of Eä to combat him. After Tulkas drove Melkor away, the Valar managed to complete Arda, and the world was established.

The Valar dwelt in a land called [[Almaren]], and raised up [[two lamps]] to light the young earth: [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. Melkor, meanwhile, had attracted the attention--and in a few cases, admiration--of the [[Maiar]], the lesser spirits of [[Arda]]. Melkor had many spies among them, and from them learned all that the Valar did, and bided his time. As the Valar sat down to a feast at the completion of their labors, Melkor gathered together those loyal to him, and looking down on the beautiful Arda, was filled with hatred. Tulkas was wedded to [[Nessa]] at that feast, and she danced before the Valar. Tulkas fell asleep, and that is when Melkor struck.

Melkor with his host passed over the [[Walls of Night]] and returned to Arda once more. Without the watchfulness of Tulkas, the Valar were unaware of his coming, and he began to delve in the depths of the earth, making a fortress called [[Utumno]] northwards beneath the mountains in the dimness of Illuin. The [[Spring of Arda]] became blighted as the cold evil flowed out of the fortress. Death and illness took the green things of Arda, and animals fought and killed one another, while flies brooded in massive numbers. The Valar knew then that Melkor was at work, and sought his hiding place.

But Melkor struck the first blow. He came to them in ire and war, destroying [[Almaren]] and the Two Lamps, and caused the world to be filled with flowing fire and surging water. The symmetry of Arda was broken. And in the darkness and confusion Melkor escaped, returning to Utumno. All combined, the Valar were a match for Melkor, but they needed their strength to keep the world from collapsing into ruin and could not pursue him, nor did they know exactly where he had fled to. The Spring of Arda had ended in turmoil.

===Dominance of Middle-earth===
With Almaren destroyed, the Valar departed to a new continent across the [[Belegaer|sea]], [[Aman]], and built [[Valinor]]. They also established new sources of light, the [[Two Trees]], to light the world. Melkor, meanwhile, wandered across the face of [[Middle-earth]], in various guises, but armed with cold and fire. Some of the Valar were unwilling to forsake Middle-earth, however; [[Ulmo]] and [[Yavanna]], particularly. Also [[Oromë]] would ride in Middle-earth, killing the terrors of Melkor, who began to fear that the Valar might rise up against him in wrath.

Melkor brooded in the north and built his strength, gathering his demons about him, breeding great monsters, attended by his Maiar-servants later known as [[Balrogs]]. He also created another fortress and armory called [[Angband]], in the north-west of Middle Earth, to resist any Valarin attacks. He placed his greatest servant, [[Sauron]], in control of that stronghold. The Valar acted against Melkor in force, but they were routed, his might too great for them to overcome.

After his victory, Melkor began to delve more great fortresses and pits where he massed his hordes and wicked armies, confident in his domination of the world. Melkor, by wandering about in the dominion he now wrested, also learned of the awakening of the first of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], the [[Elves]]. He instilled fear in them, and slew or captured many of them. Some of those he captured, it is believed, may have been transformed into [[Orcs]] by torture and breeding.

===Time in Valinor===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - The Captivity of Morgoth.jpg|thumb|left|Jacek Kopalski - ''The Captivity of Morgoth'']]

The Valar were not long, however, in discovering the Elves. Fearing that they would be destroyed or corrupted by Melkor, Manwë decided that Ilúvatar wished them to recover Middle-earth at all costs. Bitter from their previous defeat, they arrived in Middle-earth with their full might. They laid [[Siege of Utumno|siege to Utumno]], and eventually destroyed it after a great battle during which the face of Middle-earth was transformed, though their losses were devastating in the process. Melkor was [[Captivity of Melkor|captured]] and chained with the chain [[Angainor]], but Sauron escaped. Melkor was imprisoned in the halls of [[Mandos]], and remained there for three ages, plotting revenge. Still recovering from the grievous siege, the Valar could not pursue and destroy all of Melkor's forces that scattered from the icy fortress, and many foul creatures and minions escaped, left to brood amongst themselves until their master's return.

At the end of his time, Melkor was presented to his brother Manwë. Melkor, swallowing his pride with thoughts of vengeance, prostrated himself before the throne of Manwë, begging for pardon. Manwë granted him thus, though [[Ulmo]] and [[Tulkas]] were displeased with this judgement. Yet the Valar would not let him leave their sight, and he stayed in [[Valmar]]. Before long, he began to exert his corrupting influence on the Elves, especially the [[Noldor]]. For the [[Vanyar]] did not trust him, and the [[Teleri]] he thought too weak for his designs, but the Noldor were curious, and eager to learn what he could teach them.

===Revenge against the Valar===
[[File:John Howe - The Killing of the Trees.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''The Killing of the Trees'']]
In time Melkor found his greatest adversary and yet greatest tool in the form of [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. Fëanor was the creator of the [[Silmarils]], which Melkor lusted after. As Melkor subtly spread lies and half-truths about the Valar and the Coming of [[Men]] in the form of rumors, Fëanor was greatly influenced, though he hated Melkor himself and had no idea that he was their source. His new ideas of wide lands and realms to rule touched the heart of Fëanor, and the hearts of many other Noldor. They began to murmur against the Valar, and the peace of Valinor was disturbed. Fëanor soon stirred up trouble, and while on trial before the Valar it was revealed that Melkor was at the bottom of the murmurings and troubles. Tulkas left straight-away to deal with him, but found Melkor gone. He had escaped.

Melkor was not seen for a while, but then appeared at [[Formenos]] to Fëanor, tempting him with words of friendship, and an offer of vengeance against the Valar whom Fëanor perceived had wronged him. Fëanor wavered, but Melkor pressed his advantage too much. He touched a chord about the Silmarils, and Fëanor, seeing his designs and lust for the jewels, cursed and rejected him. Melkor departed in anger, and went south past the mountain of [[Hyarmentir]], to the shadowed valley of [[Avathar]] where there dwelt [[Ungoliant]], a mysterious dark spirit in spider-form once his servant, but who had disowned him after his failure. After some time he convinced her to dismiss her fears with the offer of rich rewards, and she wove a cloak of shadow about them both.

Then Melkor and Ungoliant attacked while there was festival in [[Valmar]]. Melkor pierced the [[Two Trees]] with his lance, and Ungoliant drank their sap. Then she drank dry the [[Wells of Varda]], and the two fled north to [[Formenos]], leaving the land once more in darkness and confusion. At Formenos Melkor slew [[Finwë]] and ravished the treasury of Fëanor, including the [[Silmarils]]. Then he passed over the icy [[Helcaraxë]], entering once more into [[Middle-earth]]. He was soon back in [[Angband]]. He had struck swiftly and surely. But Fëanor cursed him, naming him [[Morgoth]], and by that name he was known ever after to the Eldar.

===Return to Beleriand===

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils'']]

Once in safety, Ungoliant turned on her partner, demanding the jewels of Fëanor. The spider had grown greatly in size and strength from feasting upon the Trees, and Morgoth, now very weak from his efforts, feared her suddenly. Lacking the strength to fight the monstrous spider in that moment, he reluctantly parted with each of the beautiful gems, and Ungoliant devoured them. But Morgoth refused to give up the Silmarils, and she encased him in webs, torturing him and nearly devouring him. A loud cry of desperation from Morgoth penetrated deep into the walls of Angband and was heeded by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] and the [[balrogs]], and they rescued him from her clutches, driving Ungoliant away with their whips. So Morgoth returned to Angband.

===Wars of Beleriand===
Morgoth rebuilt the fortress there, and learned of the Elves who had remained in Middle-earth. [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] and the [[Sindar]] dwelt in the woodland kingdom of [[Doriath]], while [[Círdan]] and the [[Teleri]] lived at the [[Falas]] and [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]] and the [[Nandor]] camped in [[Ossiriand]]. Morgoth made war on Thingol, surrounding Doriath and cutting Thingol off from Círdan. But Thingol was able to contact Denethor for help, and the Nandor joined with the Sindar to fight the [[Orcs]] between [[Aros]] and [[Gelion]]. Caught between the two armies, the Orcs of Morgoth were utterly defeated in the [[First Battle]]. Fleeing north they were intercepted and further demolished by the [[Naugrim]]. The Orcs attacking Círdan were more successful – pushing the Teleri to the very edge of the sea.

====Dagor-nuin-Giliath====
Morgoth was confronted by further challenges when Fëanor landed in Middle-earth. They set up at [[Mithrim]], but Morgoth [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath|attacked them]] quickly, hoping to dislodge them before they settled in too much and became a threat. But the Elves were just come out of [[Aman]], and they had the light of that country in their eyes. The Orcs dreaded them, and were swept before them like chaff before wind. Fëanor pursued them even nigh to the [[Thangorodrim]] and the gates of [[Angband]], but Morgoth sent out Gothmog and his balrogs. Fëanor was killed, but the balrogs were driven back. The Falas were freed, and though Morgoth had practically lost [[Beleriand]] outside of the [[Ered Engrin]], he was comforted in the fact that Fëanor was dead.

====Dagor Aglareb====
Yet [[Fingolfin]] came next, with his sons and the sons of [[Finarfin]]. They marched even to the gates of Angband, and yet could not go farther. As the Elves began to build (or rebuild) their kingdoms in Middle-earth, Morgoth waited sixty years before he struck again. It was the [[Dagor Aglareb]], the “Glorious Battle”, called such because it was a great victory for the Elves. Fingolfin and [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, combined their strength and repelled Morgoth. They then set up the [[Siege of Angband]], which was designed to keep Morgoth holed up in his fortress.

====Dagor Bragollach and Fingolfin====
[[Image:John Howe - Fingolfin's Challenge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Fingolfin's Challenge'']]
Morgoth appeared all but defeated to his foes; he remained dormant and hidden until {{FA|455}}. He surged forth suddenly in great wrath, his armies taking the slackened besiegers by surprise. In the winter he cast great rivers of flame over the formerly green [[Ard-galen]] (causing the battle to be known as the [[Dagor Bragollach]]), burning many Elven horsemen alive. His forces beset strongholds on all sides, led by Glaurung and Gothmog, and several Noldor-lords fell in the succeeding combat. Much of Beleriand was overrun and [[Dorthonion]] was taken, as were northern [[Sirion]] and [[Maglor's Gap]].

In a single stroke Morgoth had broken the Siege of Angband, but the victory was not as complete as he would have preferred. [[Ered Wethrin]], [[Himring]] and [[Hithlum]] had held against him, though just barely. King [[Fingolfin]] was dismayed and enraged by the defeat, and went to Angband in anger. With fire in his eyes, Morgoth's Orcs mistook him for a vengeful spirit and fled from him. There he challenged Morgoth to single combat. Despite Morgoth's power, he held a fear of death greater than any other Valar, and was hesitant even against Fingolfin. When Fingolfin declared Morgoth craven, he scoffed the Elf-Lord and did not dare refuse his challenge. He strode out, his footsteps like thunder on the earth. He was clad in black armor with a spiked crown and shield, with [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]], the Hammer of the Underworld, and he and Fingolfin fought in a ferocious duel. Flames gashed from the earth with each strike of his hammer, but Fingolfin was faster and avoided each powerful, but slow, swing. The Elf-lord gave Morgoth seven wounds, and though Morgoth shouted in anguish, he was too powerful to be slain. Fingolfin grew weary and was struck down by Morgoth's shield. Thrice he staggered to his feet in vain, his crown and shield broken, and thrice Morgoth cast him down, before Fingolfin collapsed over one of the pits left by Grond.

As Morgoth placed his foot on Fingolfin's neck to break it, Fingolfin in one last strike ran his blade through the Dark Lord's foot, and Morgoth’s blood filled pools made by his hammer. The enraged Morgoth crushed Fingolfin, though he was left with a permanent limp from the injury. Morgoth wished to rend the corpse and feed it to his wolves, but could not desecrate the fallen King, for [[Thorondor]] flew in, scratching Morgoth's face and escaping with Fingolfin's body.

====The Quest for the Silmaril====
For some time after that the world lay in watchful discomfort. The southern part of [[Beleriand]] was, for the most part, free from Morgoth’s direct wrath. There arose two in [[Doriath]], [[Beren]] of [[House of Bëor|Bëor’s House]] and [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], Thingol’s daughter. These two lovers embarked on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]], in the process removing [[Sauron]] from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] and entering Angband in disguise. Morgoth plotted some evil against Lúthien when she stood exposed in his presence, but allowed her to dance for him and she lured him to sleep with her song. One of the Silmarils was stolen from his crown, and Morgoth bore only two until the [[War of Wrath]].

====Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
Some time after, in {{FA|471}}, [[Maedhros]] made a great [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] with the [[Naugrim]], [[Edain]], and other [[Noldor]]. They marched to challenge Morgoth, clearing Beleriand of his scattered forces. But Morgoth through his spies anticipated their actions, and met them with his allies the [[Easterlings]] in a huge battle in which he prevailed, and many princes and rulers of Men, Elves, and Dwarves fell. Thus the battle was named ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]'', “Battle of Unnumbered Tears”. Morgoth’s victory was almost complete, as he razed [[Hithlum]], the [[Falas]], the [[March of Maedhros]], as well as [[Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495|n}}. But [[Turgon]], King of [[Gondolin]], escaped by the valiant actions of the [[House of Hador]], the last of the [[Edain]] in the north. The survivors had all gone down to the [[Isle of Balar]] and the [[Mouths of Sirion]].

===The Curse of Morgoth===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Morgoth Punishes Húrin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Morgoth Punishes Húrin'']]
Morgoth took [[Húrin]], who had been captured during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and set him in the high places of Thangorodrim, to watch his family, whom Morgoth cursed. Upon the death of [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] and [[Nienor]], Húrin’s children, Morgoth released Húrin to further his cause.

===The Fall of Gondolin===
Some time later, by the aid of [[Maeglin]], a traitor-elf, Morgoth discovered and laid siege to [[Gondolin]]. [[Turgon]] King, the last male heir of Fingolfin’s house, was killed during the siege. Morgoth’s victory in the north was now complete, though he had lost [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] his captain and marshall of his armies. Also, a small remnant including [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] escaped the destruction of the city, bearing their son [[Eärendil]].

===The War of Wrath===
This was to be Morgoth’s doom, for some years later, Eärendil sailed to [[Valinor]] seeking the pardon of the [[Valar]]. This he earned, and the Valar advanced across [[Belegaer]] with a mighty host. Morgoth loosed all his demons and defenses against them, but could not stop their might. His dragons fell to the [[Eagles]], and [[Ancalagon]] was brought down by Eärendil himself from his ship, [[Vingilot]]. Morgoth was seized in his fortress Angband, his feet "hewn from under him, and he was hurled upon his face", the Silmarils were removed from his crown, and he was bound once more with the chain called Angainor.<ref>{{S|24}}</ref> This time, however, he was ejected from Arda and cast into the [[Void]]. But though he had been vanquished, Arda was forever marred, and there was one still at large to carry on his evil legacy: his greatest servant, the fallen Maia [[Sauron]].

==The Future==
Morgoth remains in the Void, unable to return to Arda as long as the Valar maintain their power over it. Nevertheless, according to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], Morgoth will come back and attack Arda. He will fight a great battle, called the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]], against the Valar and their allies, but will ultimately be slain by [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], the Man he cursed. By finally defeating Morgoth, Túrin will avenge not only himself, but all members of the race of Men, since Morgoth seduced them long ago.
In other versions Eönwë is the one who will kill Morgoth for his love for Arien (previously named Urwendi), instead of Turin. This is said at the end of The Hiding of Valinor. Either way, the prophecy states that Melkor will bring great devastation to Arda, which will be remade into a greater form after his permanent defeat.

==Legacy==
Morgoth's will was suffused into the matter of Arda, so in a sense he is never truly gone. Arda was [[Arda Marred|marred]] by him so deeply that only Eru could fully repair the damage. Those who wished to follow in Morgoth's footsteps, such as Sauron, found that by using his residual influence, they could easily corrupt races they wished to dominate.

==Characteristics==
It was said of Morgoth that "his might was greatest of all things in this world." He was the most powerful being in existence, second only to Ilúvatar, and perhaps more powerful than every Vala put together. Fitting to his name, Morgoth eventually took a form great and terrible, and soon was unable to leave it. He received many scars and wounds over the ages: his hands were burned forever when he touched the Silmarils, Fingolfin wounded him seven times during their battle and inflicted a wound to the foot that caused him ever after to limp, and Thorondor scarred Morgoth's face.

When Morgoth first took visible form he was said to be of greater power and majesty than any other Vala, as a colossal mountain wading in the sea with its head above the clouds, his appearance both of splendour and terror. As a physical being Morgoth was described as highly imposing, and was reckoned to a tower compared to the warrior Fingolfin, and the shadow of the shield he wielded was like a stormcloud. Ever since his downfall, Morgoth held a desire for power; above all else, however, Morgoth held deep hatred of the mere existence of intelligent or beautiful life. Unlike his servant Sauron, Morgoth's ultimate goal was solely the destruction, not control, of all that he despised. He was nonetheless persuasive, and could sway and corrupt many forms of life to become his willing servants.<ref name="Ruin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><ref>{{MR|Myths}}</ref>

Morgoth wielded [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]] in battle, a weapon he presumably forged himself in [[Angband]] (unless Sauron or [[Gothmog]] had held it safe after the [[Siege of Utumno]]), and was clad in black armor, with an iron crown. Despite his strength initially, he continually spread his residual influence, corruption, and might thin across Arda after his treachery and suffered several defeats, and his power slowly, though significantly, weakened. He alone of the Valar had a deep fear of death, and even against inferior foes he held a hesitance to ever risk his own life.<ref name="Ruin"/>

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Morgoth'' ("the Black Foe"<ref name=VT49a>{{VT|49a}}, pp. 24-5</ref> or "Dark Tyrant"<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref>) was given him by [[Fëanor]].

Tolkien experimented (but apparently never reached a decision) with different Quenya translations of ''Morgoth'': ''Moringotto'', ''Moriñgotho'', or ''Morikotto''.<ref name=VT49a/>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| MEL | | MAN |~| VAR | |MEL='''MELKOR'''|MAN=[[Manwë]]|VAR=[[Varda]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Names==
===Melkor===
'''''Melkor''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmelkor]}}) means "mighty arising"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 115</ref> or "'Mighty-rising', [[Wikipedia:Viz.|sc.]] 'uprising of power'"<ref name=P4k>{{MR|P4k}}, p. 350</ref>. The name is generally used to refer to this [[Valar|Vala]] prior to his theft of the [[Silmarils]]; for after the theft [[Fëanor]] named him ''Morgoth''.

''Melkor'' is a compound of ''mbelek-'' (''melek'', "great, mighty, powerful"; root [[BEL|BEL, MBEL]]) + ''[[óre]]''.<ref name=PE17/>

The older form of ''Melkor'' is said to be ''Melkórë''.<ref name=P4k/>

In earlier versions of the [[legendarium]], the form of the name was ''Melko''.<ref>{{HM|HM}}</ref> At one instance in a late glossary (c. 1959), ''Melko'', meaning "simply 'the Mighty One'", is also said to be an alternative form of ''Melkor''.<ref name=P4k/>

===Other names and titles===
*'''''Bauglir''''', ([[S.]] "the Constrainer") was a title given to Melkor after his return to [[Angband]] at the beginning of the [[First Age]]. It was often combined with the name ''Morgoth'' to become the full title ''Morgoth Bauglir''.
* ''Dark King (of Angband)'' – given him by [[Men]]
* ''[[Dark Lord]]''
* [[Sindarin]] '''''Belegûr''''' ("he who arises in might") or '''''Belegurth''''' ("Great Death"; containing the element ''[[gurth]]'' "death")<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 358 (note 21)</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>
* ''King of the World'' - called thus himself after his return to the Middle-earth<ref>{{S|9}}.</ref>
* ''Black Hand''<ref>{{S|19}}.</ref> - called thus by [[Beleg]]
* ''Black King''<ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 42</ref>
* ''Lord of All'' and ''Giver of Freedom'' – thus called by [[Sauron]] who encouraged [[Ar-Pharazôn]] to worship Melkor<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
* ''Lord of the Dark''
* ''Dark Hunter'' – Given him by the fearful early [[Elves]] before they met [[Oromë]]
* ''mbelekôro'' – [[Common Eldarin]]
* ''Great Enemy''
* ''Master of Lies'' - given him by [[Amlach]]<ref>{{S|17}}.</ref>
* ''Master of the fates of Arda'' - used by him when speaking to [[Húrin]]
* ''[[Elder King]]'' - used when speaking to [[Húrin]]<ref>{{CH|3}}, p. 64</ref>
* ''Melko, Belcha, Melegor, Meleko'' – Earlier names Tolkien used but abandoned

==Minions and allies==
* [[Sauron]] – Greatest of his servants, later to become [[Lord of the Rings]], perished with [[the One Ring]]
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Lord of Balrogs]] – killed by [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[Glaurung]] – [[Father of Dragons]], killed by [[Túrin]]
* [[Draugluin]] - First of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Carcharoth]] - Greatest of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Thuringwethil]] - Vampire Herald of Sauron
* [[Ancalagon]] – Greatest of the [[Winged Dragons]], slain by [[Eärendil]]
* [[Othrod]] – [[Orcs|Orc]]-general during the Fall of Gondolin, killed by [[Tuor]]
* [[Lungorthin]] - A Balrog, Master of the Guard of Angband
* [[Fankil]] - Evil spirit, escaped from Utumno after its fall, leader of dark armies in the East (Palisor)
* [[Langon]] - Ainu, sent by Melkor to negotiate with the Valar when they besieged [[Utumno]].
* [[Ungoliant]] - Spirit of darkness and shadow in the shape of a giant spider, devourer of the sap of the [[Two Trees]], and mother of many of the great [[spider|spiders]]. Betrayed Morgoth after being denied her reward.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Morgoth|Images of Morgoth]]

{{references}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Ainur]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Morgoth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/morgoth]]
[[fi:Morgoth]]

Dagor Dagorath

2019-11-17T00:14:23Z

179.107.143.205: /* The Quenta Noldorinwa */

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Last Battle''', also known as the '''Second Prophecy of Mandos''', but probably best known as the '''Dagor Dagorath''' ([[Sindarin]], "Battle of all Battles"), is an apocalyptic event prophesied by [[Mandos]]. According to [[Christopher Tolkien]], the Dagor Dagorath as a Prophecy of Mandos was abandoned by Tolkien.<ref name="Valaquenta">{{MR|P3II1}}, p. 204</ref>

==History==
In the published ''[[Silmarillion]]'', the Dagor Dagorath is only mentioned as the '''Last Battle''' on three occasions:

{{blockquote|...and that [[Aulë|he]] declared to their [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Fathers of old]] that [[Ilúvatar]] will hallow them [the [[Dwarves]]] and give them a place among the [[Children of Ilúvatar|Children]] in the end. Then their part shall be to serve Aulë and to aid him in the remaking of Arda after the '''Last Battle'''.|[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]}}

{{blockquote|...Many other of the ancient stars [[Varda|she]] gathered together and set as signs in the heavens of Arda: [...] and [[Menelmacar]] with his shining belt, that forebodes the '''Last Battle''' that shall be at the end of days.|[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]}}

{{blockquote|But [[Ar-Pharazôn]] the King and the mortal warriors that had set foot upon the land of Aman were buried under falling hills: there it is said that they lie imprisoned in the [[Caves of the Forgotten]], until the '''Last Battle''' and the Day of Doom.|''[[Akallabêth]]''}}

No other information about the End of the World is given in ''The Silmarillion'' except the few mentions of the [[Second Music of the Ainur]], which can be deduced as to be sung after the Battle. The only mention of the Dagor Dagorath by name is given in a note concerning the origin of [[Gandalf]]:
{{blockquote|[[Manwë]] will not descend from [[Taniquetil|the Mountain]] until the '''Dagor Dagorath''', and the coming of the End, when [[Morgoth|Melkor]] returns.|''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', "[[The Istari]]"<ref name="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}, p. 395</ref>}}

From all this information it can be deduced that [[Arda]] will come to an end with a last battle against [[Morgoth]]. After the Battle, Arda will be rebuilt, the ''"[[Beleriand|lands that lie under the wave]] will be lifed up again"''<ref>{{RK|VI6}}, Farewell of [[Galadriel]] to [[Treebeard]]</ref> and a new world will begin with the Song of [[Ainur]] and [[Men]] before [[Ilúvatar]].

The metaphysical implications of the remaking of the world after the Battle belong to the discussion about [[Arda Healed]].

===Omission of the Second Prophecy===
Many previous manuscripts of the ''Quenta Silmarillion'' close with [[Mandos]] describing the Battle in a prophecy, which is called the '''Second Prophecy of Mandos''' (the first being the [[Prophecy of the North]]), but Christopher deliberately omitted it for his edition. This decision was due to a passage of [[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|The Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']], which states that
{{blockquote|if any change shall come and the [[Arda Marred|Marring]] [of Arda] be amended, Manwë and Varda may know; but they have not revealed it, and it is not declared in the dooms of Mandos.|''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', "[[The Valaquenta (Morgoth's Ring)|The Valaquenta]]"<ref name="Valaquenta">{{MR|P3II1}}, p. 204</ref>}}
Those words were taken literally by Christopher, deducing that Tolkien would remove the Second Prophecy in the final version.<ref name="Valaquenta"></ref> Instead, he used those words as the own closing of his published ''Quenta''.<ref>{{S|24}}</ref> This decision is questioned among the [[fandom]] and the [[canonicity]] of the Second Prophecy is a popular debate. However, the publications after the 1977 ''Silmarillion'' give a better understanding of Tolkien's final vision and the necessity of an apocalyptic event is manifest, as [[Verlyn Flieger]] states: ''«Tolkien wrote that the Legendarium ends with a vision of the end of the world, its breaking and remaking, and the recovery of the [[Silmarilli]] and the "[[Light of Valinor|light before the sun]]". [...] It would be strange if he had not envisioned such an end, for the mythologies on which he draws most heavily, Judeo-Christian and [[Norse mythology|Norse]], both included remaking and renewal in surprisingly similar terms.»''<ref>[[Verlyn Flieger]], ''[[Splintered Light]]'' (Revised Edition), 19. "Filled with Clear Light", pp. 160-161</ref> Here Flieger is citing the [[Letter to Milton Waldman]], where Tolkien himself summarized his Mythology, including the vision of the Last Battle.<ref name=Letter131>{{L|131}}, p. 149</ref> Ironically, Christopher included this letter in the introduction to the 30th Anniversary edition of ''The Silmarillion'' ([[2007]]),<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/details.php?reference=85400|articlename=The Silmarillion. 2007|dated=|website=TB|accessed=}}</ref> having removed the refered text.

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===
Tolkien did not finish the ''[[The Book of Lost Tales|Book of Lost Tales]]'', so it is unknown if he would conclude with a Prophecy of the End of the World, but there are many mentions of a '''Great End'''. The earliest description of the event was written in an unclear date and it is not mentioned as a prophecy:

{{blockquote|For 'tis said that ere the '''Great End''' come Melko shall in some wise contrive a quarrel between Moon and Sun, and [[Ilinsor]] shall seek to follow [[Urwendi]] through the Gates, and when they are gone the Gates of both [[Gates of Morning|East]] and [[Door of Night|West]] will be destroyed, and Urwendi and Ilinsor shall be lost. So shall it be that [[Eonwe#Other_versions_of_the_legendarium|Fionwë]] Úrion, son of Manwë, of love for Urwendi shall in the end be Melko's bane, and shall destroy the world to destroy his foe, and so shall all things the be rolled away|"[[The Hiding of Valinor]]"<ref>{{LT1|IX}}, p. 219</ref>}}

This early idea soon included [[Túrin]], who was an essential character in all later versions. Concluding the [[Turambar and the Foalókë|Tale of Turambar]], it is described how he and his sister [[Nienóri]] will be purified after death and will live in [[Valinor]] as [[Valar]], but "''Turambar indeed shall stand beside Fionwë in the '''Great Wrack''', and Melko and his drakes shall curse the sword of [[Gurthang#Other_versions_of_the_Legendarium|Mormakil]]''".<ref>{{LT2|II}}, p. 116</ref> This is the only version that mentions any of the Morgoth's creatures participating in the Battle.

However, the earliest mention of the battle hold as a Prophecy is in one note, where is said:
{{blockquote|If Men help them, the fairies (Elves) will take Men to Valinor, fight a '''great battle''' with Melko in Erumáni and open Valinor. Laurelin and Silpion will be rekindled, and the mountain wall being destroyed then soft radiance will spread over all the world, and the Sun and Moon will be recalled. If Men oppose them and aid Melko, the Wrack of the Gods and the ending of the fairies will result, and maybe the Great End.|"[[The History of Eriol or Ælfwine and the End of the Tales]]"<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, pp. 285-286</ref>}}
Many other versions are given in this chapter that also concern the "Rekindling of the Magic Sun" (an obscure matter about the recovery of the [[Light of Valinor]]) or the vanishing of the Elves, so the prophecy here is associated with abandoned conceptions and is not as related with the End of Arda.<ref>{{SM|2a}}, p. 74</ref>

===The Earliest 'Silmarillion'===
[[File:Roger Garland - Two Trees of Valinor.jpg|250px|thumb|"Two Trees of Valinor" by [[Roger Garland]]]]
[[The Earliest 'Silmarillion']] (also known as the 'Sketch of the Mythology') concludes with a description of the last battle and it includes many of the concepts that later will be transformed, although there is still no mention of a Prophecy of Mandos:
{{blockquote|When the world is much older, and the Gods weary, Morgoth will come back through the Door, and the '''last battle''' of all will be fought. Fionwë will fight Morgoth on the plain of Valinor, and the spirit of Túrin shall be beside him; it shall be Túrin who with his black sword will slay Morgoth, and thus the children of Húrin shall be avenged. In those days the Silmarils shall be recovered from sea and earth and air, and [[Maidros]] shall break them and [[Yavanna#Other versions of the Legendarium|Belaurin]] with their fire rekindle the [[Two Trees]], and the great light shall come forth again, and the Mountains of Valinor shall be levelled so that it goes out over the world, and Gods and Elves and Men shall grow young again, and all their dead awake.<ref>{{SM|2}}, p. 40-41</ref>}}

The participation of [[Eärendil#Names and etymology|Eärendel]] is also included: explaining how he sails in the heavens, watching upon Morgoth with his Silmaril upon his brow, ''"until he sees the last battle gathering upon the plains of Valinor. Then he will descend."''

===The Later Quenta Silmarillion===
Tolkien rewrote the ''Quenta Silmarillion'' in [[1958]] in what is called [[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|The Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']], and the last chapters are so similar to the last version mentioned, that Christopher only gives the changes with notes.<ref name=Last></ref> However, due this is the last version of the Prophecy, the text is reconstructed here in full, following those notes:
[[File:Antonio Vinci - Tulkas.jpg|280px|thumb|"Tulkas fights Melkor" by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]]]
{{blockquote|Thus spake Mandos in prophecy, when the Gods sat in judgement in Valinor, and the rumour of his words was whispered among all the Elves of the West. When the world is old and the [[Powers]] grow weary, then Morgoth, seeing that the guard sleepeth, shall come back through the Door of Night out of the Timeless Void; and destroy the Sun and Moon. But Eärendil shall descend upon him as a white and searing flame and drive him from the airs. Then shall the '''Last Battle''' be gathered on the fields of Valinor. In that day Tulkas shall strive with Morgoth, and on his right hand shall be Eönwë, and on his left Túrin Turambar, son of [[Húrin]], returning from the [[Doom of Men]] at the ending of the world; and the black sword of Túrin shall deal unto Morgoth his death and final end; and so shall the children of Húrin and all Men be avenged. 
Thereafter shall Earth be broken and re-made, and the Silmarils shall be recovered out of Air and Earth and Sea; for Eärendil shall descend and surrender that flame which he hath had in keeping. Then Fëanor shall take the Three Jewels and he will break them and with their fire Yavanna will rekindle the Two Trees, and a great light shall come forth. And the Mountains of Valinor shall be levelled, so that the Light shall go out over all the world. <s>In that light the Gods will grow young again, and the Elves awake and all their dead arise, and the purpose of Ilúvatar be fulfilled concerning them. But of Men in that day the prophecy of Mandos doth not speak, and no Man it names, save Túrin only, and to him a place is given among the sons of the Valar.</s>|''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', "The Last Chapters of the ''Quenta Silmarillion''", ''The Second Prophecy of Mandos''}}

In addition to the change of names, the main changes are: Túrin coming back from the dead and Fëanor himself breaking the Silmarils. The last two sentences are here crossed out, as Tolkien marked them with a large X in the margin of the manuscript. There is also a marginal mention of [[Beren]] [[Camlost]] near Túrin, without direction of its insertion.<ref name=Last></ref>

[[Douglas C. Kane]] notices that Tolkien made the specific edit of rejecting the last sentences, making no effort at all to remove the part of the prophecy regarding Túrin or the remaking of Arda. This would indicate that he had the intention to retain them.<ref>[[Douglas Charles Kane]], ''[[Arda Reconstructed: The Creation of the Published Silmarillion]]'', 24. "Of the Voyage of Eärendil", p. 237</ref> The continuity of the Prophecy in the Legendarium is tied up to the complicated transition of the ''Silmarillion'' from Elvish to Mannish, which is explained below.

===Mannish legend===
Following Christopher's deduction, it is quite clear that the Second Prophecy of Mandos disappeared,<ref name="Valaquenta"></ref> but later texts point out that the concept could have evolved to a Mannish legend. In the last mayor revision of his Mythology, Tolkien decided that the ''Silmarillion'' should be of Mannish affair.<ref>{{MR|P5I}}, p. 370</ref> More specifically about the End of the World is a note of Tolkien commenting the ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]'':

{{blockquote|The Elves expected the End of Arda to be catastrophic. [...] The End of Arda is not, of course, the same thing as the end of Eä. About this they held that nothing could be known, except that Eä was ultimately finite. It is noteworthy that the Elves had no myths or legends dealing with the end of the world. The myth that appears at the end of the ''Silmarillion'' is of Númenórean origin; it is clearly made by Men, though Men acquainted with Elvish tradition.<ref>{{MR|P4i}}, p. 342</ref>}}

Therefore, the expectation of the End of the World among the Elves no longer came from revelation or stories, but their deduction after contemplating the world (this is one of the mayor topics in the ''Athrabeth''). In the other hand, we are told that Men did have traditions concerning the catastrophic end. Christopher confirms that "the myth that appears at the end of the ''Silmarillion''" is a reference to what was the Prophecy of Mandos.<ref>{{MR|P4o}}, p. 359, note 19</ref> There is even one evidence of these Mannish prophetic traditions:

{{blockquote|The language of the Folk of Haleth was not used, for they had perished and would not rise again. Nor would their tongue be heard again, unless the prophecy of [[Andreth]] the [[Wise-woman]] should prove true, that Túrin in the Last Battle should return from the Dead, and before he left the Circles of the World for ever should challege the Great Dragon of Morgoth, [[Ancalagon]] the Black, and deal him the death-stroke.|''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[The Problem of Ros]]"<ref>{{PM|Ros}}, p. 374, note 17</ref>}}

These words could be referred to the [[War of Wrath]] (in this case it would be a failed prophecy), but the relation with the Second Prophecy is clear, and it can be a sign that closing the "Númenorean" ''Silmarillion'' with a prophecy was not discarded.

==Etymology and names==
''Dagor Dagorath'' is [[Sindarin]], a combination of ''[[dagor]]'' ("battle"), with its own class-plural ''dagor[[-ath]]'' ("all battles"), therefore: "Battle of All Battles". This name is only attested in a manuscript about "[[The Istari]]".<ref name="Istari"></ref>

In a List of Names from the 1930s, the battle of the End of the World was called ''Dagor Delothrin'' in [[Noldorin]] ("Terrible Battle").<ref>{{LR|A2}}, p. 405</ref>

In [[Elendil's Oath]], the "End of the World" is expressed in [[Quenya]] as ''[[Ambar-metta]]''.

==Inspiration==
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Slaying of Glaurung.jpg|220px|thumb|"The Slaying of Glaurung" by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]
In [[Norse mythology]], [[:Wikipedia:Ragnarök|Ragnarök]] is an apocaliptic battle mentioned in both Eddas. The most famous version is prophecied by a [[:Wikipedia:Völva|völva]] in the ''[[Völuspá]]'', which was always an important inspiration for Tolkien. He even wrote his own version of this prophecy in the begining of his ''New Lay of the Völsungs'', which has a reinterpretation of Sigurd very similar to Túrin in the Last Battle, as Christopher notices.<ref>{{SG|CV}}, "Upphaf", pp.?</ref>
{{blockquote|If in the Day of Doom 
one deathless stands, 
who death hath tasted 
and dies no more, 
the serpent-slayer, 
seed of Ódin, 
then all shall not end, 
nor Earth perish.|''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún]]'', "Völsungskviða en nýja", ''Upphaf'' v.14}}

However, although Tolkien himself recognized the influence of Ragnarök, he explained that the last battle of his Mythology "is not much like it":<ref name=Letter131></ref> Ragnarök tells the destruction of both [[:Wikipedia:Æsir–Vanir War|giants and gods]], and the nordic conception of the world implied a the beginning of a [[:Wikipedia:Ragnarök#Cyclic_time_and_Hoddmímis_holt|new cicle]], so the final victory of Good againts Evil of the [[Legendarium]] is more close to the Christian Apocalypse. In the [[:Wikipedia:Book of Revelation|Book of Revelation]] is explained how there will be a [[:Wikipedia:War in Heaven|great battle]] between [[:Wikipedia:Michael (archangel)|Michael]] and his angels versus Satan, called "the dragon" (vv. 12:7-9), resembling the [[War of Wrath]]. The dragon will be cast down, bound and expel into the abyss for a thousand years (vv. 20:1-3), just like Morgoth was thrust to the [[Void]]. At the end of the thousand years (a Jewish symbol of a very long time), Satan will be released and deceive the world, and make war on God. Then he'll be cast down again, this time permanently (vv. 20:7-10); similarly, Morgoth is defeated for last time, although the angelic nature of Satan doesn't allow him to be killed. After the old heaven and earth had been destroyed, a new and definitive world will be made (vv. 21:1ss).

==See also==
*[[Prophecy of the North]] (the "First" Prophecy of Mandos)
*[[Arda Marred]]
*[[Arda Healed]]

==External links==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/03/19/why-did-tolkien-leave-out-the-second-prophecy-of-mandos/ Why Did Tolkien Leave Out the Second Prophecy of Mandos?] by [[Michael Martinez]]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRfrAokhP9E Short fanfilm by Willow Productions]
{{references}}
[[Category:Oaths and Prophecies]]
[[Category:Wars and Battles]]
[[de:Dagor Dagorath]]
[[fi:Dagor Dagorath]]

Varda

2019-11-17T00:02:56Z

179.107.143.205: /* Etymology */

{{Expansion}}
{{Disambig-more|Elbereth|[[Elbereth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{valar infobox
| name=Varda
| image=[[File:NOLANOS - La Dama de las Estrellas.jpg|250px]]
| caption="La Dama de las Estrellas" by [[:Category:Images by NOLANOS|NOLANOS]]
| pronun=
| othernames='''Elbereth Gilthoniel''' ([[Sindarin|S]])"The Kindler", "Lady of the Stars", "Queen of the Stars", "Snow-white", "Star-queen", "Star-kindler"
| titles=Queen of the [[Valar]],
| position=The [[stars]]
| location=[[Ilmarin]], [[Taniquetil]]
| affiliation=[[Ilmarë]] and [[Gandalf|Olórin]]
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Manwë]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|O stars that in the Sunless Year With shining hand by her were sown, In Windy fields now bright and clear We see your silver blossom blown!|[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth|Hymn to Elbereth]]}}
'''Varda Elentári''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˈvarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˈβarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}), known in [[Sindarin]] as '''Elbereth Gilthoniel''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈelbereθ ɡilˈθonjel]}}), was a [[Valar|Valië]], one of the [[Aratar]], the wife of [[Manwë]] and Queen of the Valar.

Varda knows all the regions of [[Eä]] and rejoices in light. She was said to be too beautiful for words as within her face radiated the light of [[Ilúvatar]]. Elves love and revere her most of all the Valar, and they call upon her in their hours of deepest darkness.<ref name=vala/> She appeared in shining white ''[[fana]]'' in visions to the Elves of Middle-earth, and thus was called [[Fanuilos]] (Snow-white).<ref>{{RGEO|7}}, p. 74</ref>

Her handmaiden is [[Ilmarë]], a Chief of the [[Maiar]] but [[Gandalf|Olórin]] also served her.<ref>{{S|IIc}}</ref>

==History==
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Varda and Manwë in Valinor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Varda and Manwë in Valinor'']]
When [[Morgoth|Melkor]] first began to create his discord, Varda saw his mind, and despised him. Melkor feared and hated Varda the most out of the Valar. In the beginning Melkor had been unable to control light, which Varda was most associated with. When [[Manwë]] [[First War|contested]] with him for [[Arda]], Varda came from the deeps of Eä to his side.<ref name=vala>{{S|IIb}}</ref> The Maiar Ilmarë and Olorin were affiliated with her.

During the [[Spring of Arda]], she filled the [[Two Lamps]] with light.<ref>{{S|1}}</ref> After their destruction at the hands of Melkor, Varda and the rest of the Ainur forsook the outer lands and removed to Aman.

She resided with [[Manwë]] in [[Ilmarin]] and aids him in the rule of [[Arda]]. With her, Manwë sees beyond all eyes, through mist and darkness, and with him, Varda can hear all voices from every corner of the world.<ref name=vala/> In [[Valinor]] she kept the dews of the [[Two Trees]] in the [[Wells of Varda]]. When Mandos foretold of the coming of the Elves and how they would always look to Varda in reverence, she took it upon herself to set new stars for the Elves to see when they awakened. She created the newer stars with the dews from the vats of [[Telperion]], the first of the [[Two Trees]], in preparation for [[Awakening of the Elves]]. The set of stars she made was known as the Sickle of the Valar. This was said to be the greatest labour of the Valar since the beginning of time, and when the Elves awoke in Middle-earth they beheld first the stars which Varda had made. For this, Varda is the Vala most loved and revered by the [[Elves]].<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref><ref name=vala/>

She also hallowed the [[Silmarils]] of [[Fëanor]] when he created them, so that any being or creature of evil could never handle them without being burned.<ref>{{S|7}}</ref> After the death of the Two Trees, Varda was tasked once again with filling the world with a new light. Therefore she took the remaining flower of Telperion and the fruit of Laurelin and placed them in vessels made by Aulë. Varda bequeathed to them such light and power that they outshone the ancient stars. In doing so, she established the courses of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref> Initially she purposed the Sun and the Moon to be in the sky together, but Irmo and Estë pointed out that she had deprived the world of night-time and the stars, which was still necessary for rest and sleep. Therefore Varda changed her counsel and altered the courses of the Sun so that it should spend a certain time hidden, allowing for the stars to be seen again. At the end of the [[First Age]], she placed [[Eärendil]] [[Star of Eärendil|as a star]] in the sky.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

In [[Middle-earth]], she was revered by the Elves who called her name and sung hymns to her (such as the [[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]) and perhaps answered to prayers, even to [[Samwise Gamgee]].<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref> The very mention of her name was said to be deadly to evil spirits, such as when Frodo uttered the name in the presence of the Morgul Lord.

==Etymology==
''Varda'' is a [[Quenya]] name,<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 82</ref> meaning "sublime" or "lofty", from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''baradâ'', merged with ''barathî''.{{fact}} In [[Telerin]], this name is translated as ''Baradis''.

In [[Sindarin]], Varda is called ''Elbereth'', which derives from ''[[elen]]-[[bereth]]'' meaning "star-queen" and represents evolution of [[Primitive Quendian]] *''[[elen]]-barathî'' (the final ''-i'' [[i-affection|umlauted]] the word to ''berethi'') > ''elemberethi'' > ''elbereth''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Donald Swann]], ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'', "[[A Elbereth Gilthoniel]]"</ref>

All of these names come from the [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[BARAT|BARÁD/BARATH]].<ref name=Ety351>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 351</ref>

In [[Adûnaic]], Varda's name is adapted rather than translated, becoming '''Avradî'''.

Varda's titles and epithets include ''The Kindler'', ''Lady of the Stars'', ''Queen of the Stars'', and ''Snow-white''. In [[Quenya]] these are ''[[Elentári]]'' "Star-queen", ''[[Tintallë]]'' "Star-kindler", and '''''[[Airë]] [[Tári]]''''' the "holy queen"<ref name=Shibb>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 363-4 (note 45)</ref>, in [[Sindarin]] '''Gilthoniel''' (Starkindler) and '''[[Fanuilos]]''' (Ever-white), and in [[Adûnaic]] '''Gimilnitîr''' "starkindler".

Some older forms of her names are ''Bredhil'', ''Bridhil'', ''Timbridhil'', ''Tinwetári''<ref>{{LB|Index}}</ref> and ''Baráda''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "[[BARAT]]"</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| MEL | | MAN |~| VAR | |MEL=[[Melkor]]|MAN=[[Manwë]]|VAR='''VARDA'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

===Other versions of the legendarium===
In Tolkien's early [[Qenya]], ''Vard-'' was a root referring to royalty. Related words were ''vardar'' "king" and ''vardo'' "prince"; they do not appear in the later inception of Quenya.

==Inspiration==
The Valar, being divine beings below the ultimate Creator, [[Ilúvatar]], are thought of as being the [[Middle-earth]] equivalent of saints and angels; it has therefore been suggested that Varda, in her role as the most loved and prayed-to Vala, may be an equivalent of the Virgin Mary in Tolkien's own Catholic faith. Another suggestion is the goddess of wisdom, [[Wikipedia:Sophia (wisdom)|Sophia]], also associated with the stars.<ref>Rose Thomas, "Is Varda the Wisdom of Eru?", in ''[[Amon Hen]]'' 245, pp. 15-6</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Varda|Images of Varda]]

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Varda]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/varda]]
[[fi:Varda]]

Varda

2019-11-17T00:01:44Z

179.107.143.205: /* Etymology */

{{Expansion}}
{{Disambig-more|Elbereth|[[Elbereth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{valar infobox
| name=Varda
| image=[[File:NOLANOS - La Dama de las Estrellas.jpg|250px]]
| caption="La Dama de las Estrellas" by [[:Category:Images by NOLANOS|NOLANOS]]
| pronun=
| othernames='''Elbereth Gilthoniel''' ([[Sindarin|S]])"The Kindler", "Lady of the Stars", "Queen of the Stars", "Snow-white", "Star-queen", "Star-kindler"
| titles=Queen of the [[Valar]],
| position=The [[stars]]
| location=[[Ilmarin]], [[Taniquetil]]
| affiliation=[[Ilmarë]] and [[Gandalf|Olórin]]
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Manwë]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|O stars that in the Sunless Year With shining hand by her were sown, In Windy fields now bright and clear We see your silver blossom blown!|[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth|Hymn to Elbereth]]}}
'''Varda Elentári''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˈvarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˈβarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}), known in [[Sindarin]] as '''Elbereth Gilthoniel''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈelbereθ ɡilˈθonjel]}}), was a [[Valar|Valië]], one of the [[Aratar]], the wife of [[Manwë]] and Queen of the Valar.

Varda knows all the regions of [[Eä]] and rejoices in light. She was said to be too beautiful for words as within her face radiated the light of [[Ilúvatar]]. Elves love and revere her most of all the Valar, and they call upon her in their hours of deepest darkness.<ref name=vala/> She appeared in shining white ''[[fana]]'' in visions to the Elves of Middle-earth, and thus was called [[Fanuilos]] (Snow-white).<ref>{{RGEO|7}}, p. 74</ref>

Her handmaiden is [[Ilmarë]], a Chief of the [[Maiar]] but [[Gandalf|Olórin]] also served her.<ref>{{S|IIc}}</ref>

==History==
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Varda and Manwë in Valinor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Varda and Manwë in Valinor'']]
When [[Morgoth|Melkor]] first began to create his discord, Varda saw his mind, and despised him. Melkor feared and hated Varda the most out of the Valar. In the beginning Melkor had been unable to control light, which Varda was most associated with. When [[Manwë]] [[First War|contested]] with him for [[Arda]], Varda came from the deeps of Eä to his side.<ref name=vala>{{S|IIb}}</ref> The Maiar Ilmarë and Olorin were affiliated with her.

During the [[Spring of Arda]], she filled the [[Two Lamps]] with light.<ref>{{S|1}}</ref> After their destruction at the hands of Melkor, Varda and the rest of the Ainur forsook the outer lands and removed to Aman.

She resided with [[Manwë]] in [[Ilmarin]] and aids him in the rule of [[Arda]]. With her, Manwë sees beyond all eyes, through mist and darkness, and with him, Varda can hear all voices from every corner of the world.<ref name=vala/> In [[Valinor]] she kept the dews of the [[Two Trees]] in the [[Wells of Varda]]. When Mandos foretold of the coming of the Elves and how they would always look to Varda in reverence, she took it upon herself to set new stars for the Elves to see when they awakened. She created the newer stars with the dews from the vats of [[Telperion]], the first of the [[Two Trees]], in preparation for [[Awakening of the Elves]]. The set of stars she made was known as the Sickle of the Valar. This was said to be the greatest labour of the Valar since the beginning of time, and when the Elves awoke in Middle-earth they beheld first the stars which Varda had made. For this, Varda is the Vala most loved and revered by the [[Elves]].<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref><ref name=vala/>

She also hallowed the [[Silmarils]] of [[Fëanor]] when he created them, so that any being or creature of evil could never handle them without being burned.<ref>{{S|7}}</ref> After the death of the Two Trees, Varda was tasked once again with filling the world with a new light. Therefore she took the remaining flower of Telperion and the fruit of Laurelin and placed them in vessels made by Aulë. Varda bequeathed to them such light and power that they outshone the ancient stars. In doing so, she established the courses of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref> Initially she purposed the Sun and the Moon to be in the sky together, but Irmo and Estë pointed out that she had deprived the world of night-time and the stars, which was still necessary for rest and sleep. Therefore Varda changed her counsel and altered the courses of the Sun so that it should spend a certain time hidden, allowing for the stars to be seen again. At the end of the [[First Age]], she placed [[Eärendil]] [[Star of Eärendil|as a star]] in the sky.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

In [[Middle-earth]], she was revered by the Elves who called her name and sung hymns to her (such as the [[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]) and perhaps answered to prayers, even to [[Samwise Gamgee]].<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref> The very mention of her name was said to be deadly to evil spirits, such as when Frodo uttered the name in the presence of the Morgul Lord.

==Etymology==
''Varda'' is a [[Quenya]] name,<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 82</ref> meaning "sublime" or "lofty", from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''baradâ'', merged with ''barathî''.{{fact}} In [[Telerin]], this name is translated as ''Baradis''.

In [[Sindarin]], Varda is called ''Elbereth'', which derives from ''[[elen]]-[[bereth]]'' meaning "star-queen" and represents evolution of [[Primitive Quendian]] *''[[elen]]-[[barathî]]'' (the final ''-i'' [[i-affection|umlauted]] the word to ''berethi'') > ''elemberethi'' > ''elbereth''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Donald Swann]], ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'', "[[A Elbereth Gilthoniel]]"</ref>

All of these names come from the [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[BARAT|BARÁD/BARATH]].<ref name=Ety351>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 351</ref>

In [[Adûnaic]], Varda's name is adapted rather than translated, becoming '''Avradî'''.

Varda's titles and epithets include ''The Kindler'', ''Lady of the Stars'', ''Queen of the Stars'', and ''Snow-white''. In [[Quenya]] these are ''[[Elentári]]'' "Star-queen", ''[[Tintallë]]'' "Star-kindler", and '''''[[Airë]] [[Tári]]''''' the "holy queen"<ref name=Shibb>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 363-4 (note 45)</ref>, in [[Sindarin]] '''Gilthoniel''' (Starkindler) and '''[[Fanuilos]]''' (Ever-white), and in [[Adûnaic]] '''Gimilnitîr''' "starkindler".

Some older forms of her names are ''Bredhil'', ''Bridhil'', ''Timbridhil'', ''Tinwetári''<ref>{{LB|Index}}</ref> and ''Baráda''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "[[BARAT]]"</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| MEL | | MAN |~| VAR | |MEL=[[Melkor]]|MAN=[[Manwë]]|VAR='''VARDA'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

===Other versions of the legendarium===
In Tolkien's early [[Qenya]], ''Vard-'' was a root referring to royalty. Related words were ''vardar'' "king" and ''vardo'' "prince"; they do not appear in the later inception of Quenya.

==Inspiration==
The Valar, being divine beings below the ultimate Creator, [[Ilúvatar]], are thought of as being the [[Middle-earth]] equivalent of saints and angels; it has therefore been suggested that Varda, in her role as the most loved and prayed-to Vala, may be an equivalent of the Virgin Mary in Tolkien's own Catholic faith. Another suggestion is the goddess of wisdom, [[Wikipedia:Sophia (wisdom)|Sophia]], also associated with the stars.<ref>Rose Thomas, "Is Varda the Wisdom of Eru?", in ''[[Amon Hen]]'' 245, pp. 15-6</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Varda|Images of Varda]]

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Varda]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/varda]]
[[fi:Varda]]

Years of the Trees

2019-11-16T23:25:55Z

179.107.143.205: /* Reckoning */

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Years of the Trees''', also called the '''Days of Bliss (of Valinor)''' or the '''Noontide of Valinor'''<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>, were the long years that lay between the founding of [[Valinor]] and its [[Darkening of Valinor|Darkening]]. During this time, Valinor was lit by the light of the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]], but [[Middle-earth]] lay in the [[Great Darkness]].<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref>

The Years of the Trees preceded the [[Years of the Sun]], and perhaps belonged to, or at least overlapped with, the [[First Age]].<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "First Age"</ref>
==History==
[[File:Roger Garland - Two Trees of Valinor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Roger Garland]] - ''Two Trees of Valinor'']]
Long before the [[Elves]] awoke, [[Yavanna]] created the Two Trees of Valinor to give light to realm of the [[Valar]]. The Trees first flowered after 3500 Valian Years had passed.<ref name=Annals>{{MR|P2}}</ref> This period began at the Opening Hour, when [[Telperion]] first started to bloom alone; on the second hour, the First Day begun, and with it, the beginning of the Count of Time.<ref name=BegDays>{{S|1}}</ref>

So began a reign of peace in Valinor, but Middle-earth was lit by starlight alone, and [[Morgoth|Melkor]] worked in the depths of [[Utumno]] in the north of the World and its dominion expanded to the south, while [[Sauron]] was appointed lieutenant in [[Angband]], anticipating an assault from the West.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> It is not told how long this time lasted, just that 'the ages drew on'; this period would have lasted roughly 10,500 years. It was during this period that [[Aulë]] made the [[Dwarves]], and at [[Ilúvatar|Eru]]'s direction, set them to sleep until the creation of the [[stars]] and the [[Awakening of the Elves]].
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Oromë espies the first Elves.jpg|thumb|Anke Eißmann - ''Oromë espies the first Elves'']]
When [[Oromë]] discovered that the Elves had awoken at [[Cuiviénen]], great changes came about. The Valar made a [[War for Sake of the Elves]] against [[Morgoth|Melkor]]; Utumno was destroyed and Melkor brought in chains to Valinor. The Valar also summoned the Elves to dwell in their land, and many answered this summons.

A period of three ages (about 2,900 years) followed. [[Chaining of Melkor|Melkor was imprisoned]] in the [[Halls of Mandos]], and the Valar and [[Eldar]] dwelt together in the light of the Trees. In the darkness of Middle-earth, the Dark Elves who had not journeyed to Valinor still dwelt, and the Fathers of the Dwarves stirred. Men would not appear until some time after the end of the Years of the Trees.

These Years came to an end when [[Manwë]] released Melkor from his imprisonment. For a time, the [[Dark Lord]] pretended friendship with the Eldar, but he turned back to the darkness. After shining for 1495 Valian Years,<ref name=Annals/> they were destroyed by [[Ungoliant]]. During the [[Long Night]], they stole the [[Silmarils]] and fled back to the north of Middle-earth. Seeking revenge, [[Fëanor]] led a great part of the [[Noldor]] out of Valinor and back to Beleriand.

So the Years of the Trees came to an end. At this time, the Valar made the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] to give light to the World, and after 5000 Valian Years had passed,<ref name=Annals/> the [[Years of the Sun]] began.

==Reckoning==
The schedule of the Valian day can be summarized as:<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Years of the Trees"</ref><ref name=BegDays/>
{|class="wikitable"
!Valian hour
!Event
|-
|Hour 1
|Day begins, Telperion's blooming is already on its second phase
|-
|Hour 2
|
|-
|Hour 3
|Telperion reaches his greatest bloom
|-
|Hour 4
|
|-
|Hour 5
|
|-
|Hour 6
|Laurelin begins to bloom and the lights of the two trees are mingled; at the end of the hour, Telperion ceases.
|-
|Hour 7
|Laurelin continues to bloom while Telperion's light remains for some time
|-
|Hour 8
|
|-
|Hour 9
|Laurelin reaches her greatest bloom
|-
|Hour 10
|
|-
|Hour 11
|
|-
|Hour 12
|Telperion begins to bloom and the lights of the two trees are mingled; at the end of the hour (and the day), Laurelin ceases.
|}

The Tree temporal units can be summarized as:<ref name=Annals/>
{|class="wikitable"
!Valian time units
!Description
!Conversion to our time units
|-
|1 Valian hour
|A single segment of the full flowering of both Trees
|7 hours of our time
|-
|1 Valian day
|12 Valian hours or the full flowering of both Trees
|(7 x 12) 84 hours of our time or 3.5 of our days
|-
|1 Valian year
|1000 Valian days or 12,000 Valian hours
|(7 x 12,000) 84,000 hours of our time or 3500 of our days, corresponding (84,000 / 8766) to 9 [[coranar|years]], 212 days, 18 hours
|-
|1 age of the Valar
|100 Valian years (randa)<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry RAD</ref>
|958 years, 105 days
|}

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In Tolkien's latest writings where Arda was a [[Round World version of the Silmarillion|round world]] from its beginning, the Two Trees held the light of the untainted Sun rather than that of the [[Two Lamps]], which did not ever truly exist. In this version of Arda's history, rather than an absence of a Sun or Moon, the darkness that covered Arda was instead due to a great shadow designed by Melkor to spread over the northern lands of Middle-earth, blotting out the light of the Moon and stars and causing day to be a dim twilight at full.<ref>{{MR|Myths}}</ref>

{{References}}
[[Category:Ages]]
[[de:Jahre der Bäume]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]
[[fi:Puiden vuodet]]

Years of the Trees

2019-11-16T22:59:19Z

179.107.143.205: /* History */

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Years of the Trees''', also called the '''Days of Bliss (of Valinor)''' or the '''Noontide of Valinor'''<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>, were the long years that lay between the founding of [[Valinor]] and its [[Darkening of Valinor|Darkening]]. During this time, Valinor was lit by the light of the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]], but [[Middle-earth]] lay in the [[Great Darkness]].<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref>

The Years of the Trees preceded the [[Years of the Sun]], and perhaps belonged to, or at least overlapped with, the [[First Age]].<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "First Age"</ref>
==History==
[[File:Roger Garland - Two Trees of Valinor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Roger Garland]] - ''Two Trees of Valinor'']]
Long before the [[Elves]] awoke, [[Yavanna]] created the Two Trees of Valinor to give light to realm of the [[Valar]]. The Trees first flowered after 3500 Valian Years had passed.<ref name=Annals>{{MR|P2}}</ref> This period began at the Opening Hour, when [[Telperion]] first started to bloom alone; on the second hour, the First Day begun, and with it, the beginning of the Count of Time.<ref name=BegDays>{{S|1}}</ref>

So began a reign of peace in Valinor, but Middle-earth was lit by starlight alone, and [[Morgoth|Melkor]] worked in the depths of [[Utumno]] in the north of the World and its dominion expanded to the south, while [[Sauron]] was appointed lieutenant in [[Angband]], anticipating an assault from the West.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> It is not told how long this time lasted, just that 'the ages drew on'; this period would have lasted roughly 10,500 years. It was during this period that [[Aulë]] made the [[Dwarves]], and at [[Ilúvatar|Eru]]'s direction, set them to sleep until the creation of the [[stars]] and the [[Awakening of the Elves]].
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Oromë espies the first Elves.jpg|thumb|Anke Eißmann - ''Oromë espies the first Elves'']]
When [[Oromë]] discovered that the Elves had awoken at [[Cuiviénen]], great changes came about. The Valar made a [[War for Sake of the Elves]] against [[Morgoth|Melkor]]; Utumno was destroyed and Melkor brought in chains to Valinor. The Valar also summoned the Elves to dwell in their land, and many answered this summons.

A period of three ages (about 2,900 years) followed. [[Chaining of Melkor|Melkor was imprisoned]] in the [[Halls of Mandos]], and the Valar and [[Eldar]] dwelt together in the light of the Trees. In the darkness of Middle-earth, the Dark Elves who had not journeyed to Valinor still dwelt, and the Fathers of the Dwarves stirred. Men would not appear until some time after the end of the Years of the Trees.

These Years came to an end when [[Manwë]] released Melkor from his imprisonment. For a time, the [[Dark Lord]] pretended friendship with the Eldar, but he turned back to the darkness. After shining for 1495 Valian Years,<ref name=Annals/> they were destroyed by [[Ungoliant]]. During the [[Long Night]], they stole the [[Silmarils]] and fled back to the north of Middle-earth. Seeking revenge, [[Fëanor]] led a great part of the [[Noldor]] out of Valinor and back to Beleriand.

So the Years of the Trees came to an end. At this time, the Valar made the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] to give light to the World, and after 5000 Valian Years had passed,<ref name=Annals/> the [[Years of the Sun]] began.

==Reckoning==
The schedule of the Valian day can be summarized as:<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Years of the Trees"</ref><ref name=BegDays/>
{|class="wikitable"
!Valian hour
!Event
|-
|Hour 1
|Day begins, Telperion's blooming is already on its second phase
|-
|Hour 2
|
|-
|Hour 3
|Telperion reaches his greatest bloom
|-
|Hour 4
|
|-
|Hour 5
|
|-
|Hour 6
|Laurelin begins to bloom and the lights of the two trees are mingled; at the end of the hour, Telperion ceases.
|-
|Hour 7
|Laurelin continues to bloom while Telperion's light remains for some time
|-
|Hour 8
|
|-
|Hour 9
|Laurelin reaches her greatest bloom
|-
|Hour 10
|
|-
|Hour 11
|
|-
|Hour 12
|Telperion begins to bloom and the lights of the two trees are mingled; at the end of the hour (and the day), Laurelin ceases.
|}

The Tree temporal units can be summarized as:<ref name=Annals/>
{|class="wikitable"
!Valian time units
!Description
!Conversion to our time units
|-
|1 Valian hour
|A single segment of the full flowering of both Trees
|7 hours of our time
|-
|1 Valian day
|12 Valian hours or the full flowering of both Trees
|(7 x 12) 84 hours of our time or 3.5 of our days
|-
|1 Valian year
|1000 Valian days or 12,000 Valian hours
|(7 x 12,000) 84,000 hours of our time or 3500 of our days, corresponding (84,000 / 8766) to 9 [[coranar|years]], 212 days, 18 hours
|-
|1 age of the Valar
|100 Valian years ([[randa]])<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry RAD</ref>
|958 years, 105 days
|}

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In Tolkien's latest writings where Arda was a [[Round World version of the Silmarillion|round world]] from its beginning, the Two Trees held the light of the untainted Sun rather than that of the [[Two Lamps]], which did not ever truly exist. In this version of Arda's history, rather than an absence of a Sun or Moon, the darkness that covered Arda was instead due to a great shadow designed by Melkor to spread over the northern lands of Middle-earth, blotting out the light of the Moon and stars and causing day to be a dim twilight at full.<ref>{{MR|Myths}}</ref>

{{References}}
[[Category:Ages]]
[[de:Jahre der Bäume]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]
[[fi:Puiden vuodet]]

Oromë

2019-11-15T20:40:00Z

179.107.143.205: /* Etymology */

{{sources}}
{{expansion}}
{{valar infobox
| name=Oromë
| image=[[Image:Angel Falto - Orome.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Orome" by [[:Category:Images by Angel Falto|Angel Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames='''Arōmēz''' ([[Valarin|V]])Aldaron, Tauron, Béma, Araw, The Hunter
| titles=
| position=Lord of Forests
| location=[[House of Oromë]], [[Woods of Oromë]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| notablefor=discovering the [[Elves]]
| siblings=[[Nessa]]
| spouse=[[Vána]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Spear and bow
| steed=[[Nahar]]
}}
'''Oromë''' was a [[Valar|Vala]] and one of the [[Aratar]], also known as the ''Huntsman of the Valar'' and the ''Great Rider''.<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref>
==Attributes==
Oromë delights in hunting monsters and evil creatures, riding on his steed [[Nahar]] and blowing his great horn [[Valaróma]]. He loves [[horses]] and [[dogs|hounds]] as well as all trees and forests. In [[Yavanna]]'s woods in [[Valinor]] he trains his folk and beasts for hunting.<ref name=vala>{{S|IIb}}</ref>

He was the brother of [[Nessa]] and the husband of [[Vána]].<ref name=vala/>
==History==
During the [[Years of the Trees]], after most of the Valar had withdrawn completely from Middle-earth and hidden themselves in [[Aman]], Oromë was the last who came to Valinor, and even then he still hunted in the forests of Middle-earth on occasion.<ref name=vala/> He visited [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Sleep of Yavanna]], hunting monsters and fell creatures and the shadows fled temporarily until he left.<ref name=s1>{{S|1}}</ref>

Thus, he was responsible for finding the [[Elves]] when they awoke at [[Cuiviénen]], and was the first to name them the [[Eldar]]. Seeking to ensure their safety, Oromë accompanied the Elves from Cuiviénen to Beleriand. Being a powerful huntsman, he was active in the struggles against [[Morgoth]].

Because Oromë was the only Vala who travelled in [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Elder Days]], it was believed, even during the [[Third Age]] that the wild [[cows|oxen]] found near the [[Sea of Rhun]] descended from his [[Kine of Araw|Kine]].<ref>{{App|South}}</ref>

'''''Béma''''' was the name used by the [[Northmen]] for Oromë. As the great huntsman and horseman of the Valar, he and his steed Nahar were known to the horse-loving people of [[Rohan]], who claimed that their great horses, the [[Mearas]], had ancestors brought out of [[Aman|the West]] by Béma himself.<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Oromë'' is said to be derived from his [[Valarin]] name '''''Arōmēz'''''.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}</ref>

His name is translated as "Horn-blowing" and "Sound of Horns".<ref>{{PE|21}}, pp. 82, 85</ref>

'''''Araw''''' ({{IPA|[ˈaraʊ]}}) was the [[Sindarin]] form of the name of the Oromë.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 96</ref><ref>{{VT|39a}}, p. 10</ref>

'''''Tauron''''' was an epithet used by the [[Sindar]] for Oromë.<ref name=Index>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref name=PM/> In the ''[[Valaquenta]]'', ''Tauron'' is translated as "Lord of Forests".<ref name=Index/> Another translation is "The Forester".<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref name=PM>{{PM|XI}}, p. 358 (note 21)</ref> The language, to which the name pertains, remains non-explicit in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s texts:
#[[Quenya]] word? The root of the word could be ''[[taure]]'' ("great wood") plus the ending ''[[-on]]''. The name would thus have the sense "One of forests".<ref>Suggestion by [[User:Sage]]</ref>
#[[Sindarin]] word? This would be suggested by its usage among the Sindar and by the [[Noldorin]] form it replaced (see below).

Tolkien used at least two earlier forms of the by-name ''Tauron'':
#''Tavros'' - the form ''Tauros'' replaced - used in such early texts as the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]''.<ref>{{HM|LB}}, ''passim''</ref> The name is [[Noldorin|Gnomish]], defined as "Chief wood fay 'the Blue Spirit of the Woods'".<ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 69</ref><ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 267</ref><ref group="note">The form ''Tavros'' cited here from the ''[[Parma Eldalamberon 11|Gnomish Lexicon]]'', is defined as a "proper name". The form ''tavros'' (with a minuscule ''t'') is defined as "forest, wooded land".</ref>
#''Tauros'' - the form ''Tauron'' replaced - is a [[Noldorin]] word defined in the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'' as meaning "Forest-Dread" ([[Sundocarme|roots]] [[TAW|TÁWAR]] + GOS).<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 391</ref>

The name ''Béma'' is from the [[Rohirric|tongue of Rohan]] ([[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] was inspired by the [[Old English]] word ''[[Wiktionary:beme|béme]]'' "trumpet").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 153</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Oromë is referred to as ''Wáðfréa'' "Huntinglord", ''Huntena fréa'' "Hunting Lord and Lord of Hunters" and ''Wealdafréa'' "Lord of Forests". The name ''Béaming'' is a translation of Q. ''Aldaron''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| AUL |~| YAV | | VAN |~| ORO | | NES |~| TUL | |AUL=[[Aulë]]|YAV=[[Yavanna]]|VAN=[[Vána]]|ORO='''OROMË'''|NES=[[Nessa]]|TUL=[[Tulkas]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In the earliest form of the [[legendarium|mythology]], Oromë was described as the son of [[Aulë]] and [[Yavanna]] whilst having the daughter [[Nielíqui]] with [[Vána]].<ref>{{LT1|Index}}, p. 288</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Oromë|Images of Oromë]]

{{References|note}}

{{Ainur}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orome}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Orome]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/orome]]
[[fi:Oromë]]