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Númenórean Sindarin

2020-11-07T18:30:26Z

72.141.101.9: Fixed a reference

{{quote|Many used some other tongue than the [[Westron|Common Speech]], but it was not long before [[Peregrin Took|he]] learned at least what was meant by "Ernil i Pheriannath"...|Pippin in [[Minas Tirith]]<ref name="MT">{{RK|MT}}</ref>}}
'''Númenórean Sindarin'''<ref name=UT>{{UT|Galadriel}}, note 16</ref> was a dialect of [[Sindarin]] spoken by the [[Númenóreans]] and later the [[Dúnedain]] in [[Middle-earth]].

==History==
When the [[Edain]] settled in [[Númenor]], the common speech of the new realm derived in the most part from the language of the [[People of Hador]], giving rise to the [[Adûnaic]] tongue.<ref name=Wife>{{UT|Wife}}, note 19</ref> In the northwestern parts of the island, however, the newly settled [[Edain]] were mainly descended from the [[Bëorians]].<ref name=Wife/> These people had early abandoned their own language for [[Sindarin]] and they preserved this tradition in [[Númenor]].<ref name=Wife/> Thus a dialect of [[Sindarin]], Númenórean Sindarin, evolved, especially in [[Andustar]].<ref name=Wife/> There was relatively little change in this version of [[Sindarin]] due to continued contact between the [[Númenóreans]] and the [[Eldar of Eressëa]].<ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref>

Although relations between the [[King of Númenórë|Númenórean rulers]] and the [[Elves]] declined in the later history of [[Númenor]],<ref name=languages/> Sindarin was kept alive, and survived in secret.

The [[Faithful]], who held dominions on the coast of the [[Westlands]], used this tongue for all the names of places that they gave in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> All men of [[Númenórean]] descent and those taught to read and write used Sindarin, even as a daily tongue among themselves. In some families, Sindarin even became the native tongue. Sindarin was not taught those of lesser race, as it was held a mark of Númenórean descent.<ref name=Atani/>

After the Downfall, Sindarin was the regular spoken tongue of the [[Exiles of Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|7}}, note 16</ref> When they arrived, few among the colonists on the coasts remembered Sindarin since the neglected [[Adûnaic]] was used as a ''lingua franca'' among the Men of Middle-earth, which developed into the [[Westron]] tongue.<ref name=Atani/><ref name=languages/>

The [[Dúnedain]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]; the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of Númenórean blood in any degree, used this tongue.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref> Many of the [[Men of Gondor]] could also speak it, a notable distinction and characteristic among the [[Dúnedain of the South]].<ref name=languages/> Sindarin had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in youth (by those claiming [[Númenórean]] descent) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> For example, the [[Stewards of Gondor]] belonged to a [[House of Húrin|family]] of the ancient Faithful who used (beside the [[Common Speech]]) the Sindarin tongue after the fashion of Gondor.<ref name="Elendil"/>

Being a learned language in Gondor, Sindarin had changed very little since the Downfall<ref name="Elendil"/> and schools taught an ancient form (regarded in high esteem).<ref name=atani/> Despite some differences, the dialects of the Gondorians and the [[Elves]] were mutually intelligible.<ref name="Elendil"/>

[[Westron]] became used more and more by the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], Númenórean Sindarin was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> Númenórean Sindarin was used to be polite, especially in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref>

==Peculiarities==
Although taught an archaic language, the [[Men of Gondor]] used a corrupted version in daily speech (some sounds were altered) distinguising it from the Sindarin proper as spoken by the [[Elves]].<ref name=atani>{{PM|Atani}}, Note #74</ref>

===Phonetical===
Like any acquired language, the second language's sound range is directly influenced by the speaker's original sound range. Westron did not possess ''ch''<ref name="CE49">{{UT|Cirion}}, note 49</ref> or ''y'',<ref name="AppE"/> and pronounced them differently.

The ''y'' was pronounced by Sindarin Elves as [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] [y], a [[wikipedia:Close front rounded vowel|close front rounded vowel]]. Of all languages, only Sindarin had this sound, so it was problematic for speakers of other tongues. Gondorians generally pronounced it as an ''i'',<ref name="AppE">{{App|Vowels}}</ref> though it was sometimes substituted with an ''e'', as in the Gondorian plural for ''[[onod]]'', ''ened'' (rather than the usual ''enyd'').<ref name="L144">{{L|144}}</ref>

Also frequent in Sindarin was the ''ch'', the [[wikipedia:velar fricative|velar fricative]], which the Gondorians also encountered among [[pre-Númenórean]] placenames such as [[Erech]]<ref name="L297">{{L|297}}</ref> and [[Eilenach]].<ref name="CE51">{{UT|Cirion}}, note 51</ref>

The most notable use of the voiceless velar fricative was in the name of Gondor's new northern neighbour, [[Rohan]]. Originally envisioned as ''Rochand'', in Gondor this became ''Rohan''. Though [[Rohirric|the tongue of the Éothéod]] did possess the voiced ''ch'', it adopted the southern use.<ref name="CE49"/> The voiced velar fricative, found in ''Rochand'', was pronounced as a sounded ''h'',<ref name="L144"/> while the voiceless variant, at the end of words, was pronounced as a ''k''. Those very learned would pronounce them correctly, but forcibly so.<ref name="CE49"/>

===Philological===
Another notable difference from regular Sindarin was purely [[wikipedia:Philology|philological]]. Those Gondorians learned in lore wished to speak like [[Noldor]], and the Sindarin they spoke in the [[First Age]] was [[North Sindarin]]. At least one feature from North Sindarin was reintroduced: whereas "true Sindarin of the Elves" changed both the voiced and voiceless combination of a [[wikipedia:sonorant|sonorant consonant]] and a [[wikipedia:Fricative consonant|spirant]] to a long sonorant, the Gondor Sindarin retained the spirant. Thus in the case of the former, ''[[malt]]'' ("gold") and ''[[orn]]'' ("tree") became ''[[Mallorn]]'', in Gondor this remained ''Malthorn''.<ref name="VT4227">{{VT|42a}}, pages 5-31, esp. 27</ref><ref>[[Carl F. Hostetter]], ''[http://www.elvish.org/Tengwestie/articles/Hostetter/sindll.phtml The Two Phonetic Values of ''ll'' in Elvish Sindarin in ''The Lord of the Rings'']'', published on [http://www.elvish.org/Tengwestie/ Tengwestië], [[7 December|December 7]], [[2003]]</ref>=

Another example is the word [[rath]], which originally meant 'climb', but came to be applied to long streets (and was much later used in [[Minas Tirith]] to name streets such as [[Rath Celerdain]] and [[Rath Dínen]]).<ref name=UT/>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Gondor Sindarin words|Category: Gondor Sindarin words]]

{{references}}
{{languages}}
[[Category:Gondor|Sindarin]]
[[Category:Sindarin]]

Last Ship

2020-10-31T19:04:25Z

72.141.101.9: Included the detail mentioned in the talk page

{{quote|At the [[Grey Havens]] dwelt [[Círdan the Shipwright]], and some say he dwells there still, until the Last Ship sets sail into the [[West]].|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], ''Eriador, Arnor, and the Heirs of Isildur''}}

The ''' Last Ship''' was the last ship, built by [[Círdan]], that sailed from the [[Grey Havens]] into the [[Uttermost West]] carrying the last [[Elves]] from [[Middle-earth]].

[[Círdan]] maintained the haven at least into the [[Fourth Age]] (for the last mentioning the [[Grey Havens]] was [[Samwise Gamgee]]'s departure [[West]] in {{FoA|61}}),<ref name="Later">{{App|Later}}</ref> but it was recognized that eventually, its purpose would reach an end when no more Elves wished to cross the [[Sea]]. At that time, Círdan would abandon the Grey Havens and finally travel the [[Straight Road]] himself.

At some unknown date,<ref group="note">The Last Ship might have sailed before {{FoA|120}} based on [[Aragorn]]'s final words to [[Arwen]]. Aragorn suggests Arwen might still sail into the West, and one of the reasons she gives that this is impossible is that "There is now no ship that would bear me hence...". This might imply that the Last Ship had already sailed by {{FoA|120}}, the year in which this conversation took place. Alternatively, it could be interpreted as Arwen, having lost her immortality and her place on the [[White Ship]] to [[Frodo]], thought that she had forfeited the right to live in the [[Undying Lands]]. If so, the Last Ship would have sailed after {{FoA|120}}. The words "and some say [Círdan] dwells there still, until the Last Ship sets sail into the West" derive from the [[Red Book of Westmarch]], and not from the ''original'' [[Red Book]], which has not been preserved, but from a copy of it, the first of them being the [[Thain's Book]], copied in {{FoA|172}}. Thus, the speculation about [[Círdan]] still dwelling in [[Mithlond]] cannot be exactly dated to a period before [[Aragorn II Elessar|Elessar]]'s and [[Arwen]]'s death even if Arwen's words might refer to the fact that Círdan had already left [[Middle-earth]]. This means that the Last Ship would have sailed at some unknown date after {{FoA|172}}.</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref><ref name=prologue/> [[Celeborn]] eventually sought the Grey Havens, taking with him the last memory of the [[Elder Days]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Since Círdan and Celeborn are among the only known Elves of the Elder Days in Middle-earth, they would have taken the Last Ship together.<ref name=prologue>{{FR|Records}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[White Ship]]

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Ships]]

Círdan

2020-10-29T22:08:17Z

72.141.101.9:

{{sindar infobox
| name=Círdan
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Cirdan" by [[Jef Murray]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈkiːrdan]}}
| othernames=''Nówë'' ([[Telerin|T]])''Ciryatan'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=Lord of the Havens, Master of the Grey Havens, The Shipwright
| position=
| location=[[Falas]], [[Isle of Balar|Balar]], [[Grey Havens]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[White Council]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=Between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1105|n}}<ref name="LastWritingsN">{{PM|Last}}, note 29</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="LastWritingsN"/>
| rule={{YT|1149}} - {{FA|473}} ([[Falas]]) {{FA|473}} - {{FA|587}} ([[Isle of Balar|Balar]]) From {{SA|1}} ([[Grey Havens]])
| sailedwest=On the [[Last Ship]]<ref name=prologue>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=eriador/>
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=''[[#Significance|See below]]''
| house=Kin of [[Elwë]], [[Olwë]], and [[Elmo]]<ref group="note">[[Elmo]] is a later addition by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] and is not in the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.</ref><ref name=Cirdan>{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan"</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Very tall<ref name="Havens" />
| hair=Silver, bearded in old age<ref name="Havens" />
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|As they came to the gates Círdan the Shipwright came forth to greet them. Very tall he was, and his beard was long, and he was grey and old, save that his eyes were keen as stars; and he looked at them and bowed, and said 'All is now ready.'|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Grey Havens]]"}}
'''Círdan''' was one of the highest and most noble of the [[Sindar]],<ref name=Cirdan/> lord of the [[Falas]] during the [[First Age]], and Master of the [[Grey Havens]] through the [[Second Age|Second]], [[Third Age|Third]], and [[Fourth Age]].

He was one of the wisest and most foresighted of the [[Elves]], and by the [[Second Age]], one of the oldest known [[Elves]] in [[Middle-earth]], to remain so throughout that age and into the [[Fourth Age]] as well. He was also gifted [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]], by [[Celebrimbor]] until he surrendered it to [[Gandalf]]. As the Lord of the Havens, he oversaw the departure of the Elves of Middle-earth to the West and eventually sought the Last Ship with his kin Celeborn.

==History==
===Elder Days===
====Great Journey====
Círdan, born '''Nówë'''<ref name=Cirdan/> ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnowe]}}), was kin of both [[Elwë]] and [[Olwë]], the kings of the [[Teleri]].<ref name=Cirdan/> Of shipbuilding, whether by their first homes at [[Cuiviénen]] or when the [[Teleri]] dwelt by the [[Sea of Rhûn]], Cirdan was always the foremost and most skilled in the craft.<ref name="LastWritingsN"/> During the push westward, seeking to go to [[Valinor]], Nówë and his followers kept going where most of his kin fell away throughout the journey. Despite Nówë's great eagerness to see the [[light of Valinor]] (his "greatest desire"),<ref name=Cirdan/> he loyally searched for [[Elwë]] upon his disappearance. Because of this, the [[Teleri]] missed the first trip on [[Tol Eressëa]] to [[Valinor]], on which went their kin, the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]]. They took for their king [[Olwë]], and while waiting for [[Ulmo]] to return for them, Nówë headed the art of making and sailing ships, growing impatient. From this profession he took the name "Círdan" which means "shipwright" in [[Sindarin]]. The [[Teleri]] also developed a great friendship with [[Ossë]]. At the same time, although most of the Teleri had given up, Círdan sought [[Elwë]] longer and harder than most of his kin, partly because of his love for him and his allegiance.<ref name=Cirdan/>

Because of this, Círdan came to the shores too late during the second embarking of Eressëa.<ref name=Cirdan/> He came to the sands to find them departed, and as he stood forlorn he saw far-off a glimmer of light upon Eressëa as it vanished into the West over [[Belegaer]]. But into his heart came a message from the [[Valar]] which warned him that his ship could not endure the voyage, nor would any ship for many years, until the time when his work be of utmost worth, remembered in song. Círdan answered in obeyance, and saw a vision of [[Vingilot|a ship]].<ref name=Cirdan/>

====Lord of the Falas====
=====Foundation=====
Círdan therefore remained with those Teleri who had chosen to stay east of the Sea for love of Ossë, and became their lord. The folk became known as the [[Falathrim]], "''people of the foaming shore''", and dwelt in the [[Falas]] by the sea. There they built many ships, and the mighty [[Havens of the Falas]], and found pearls which they sent to their king, [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]], who was known as Elwë.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

When [[Morgoth]] broke forth in the [[First Battle]] in {{YT|1497}}, Círdan was cut off and unable to come to Thingol’s aid. Further, although Thingol conquered with the help of the [[Laiquendi]], the Falathrim were driven to the very edge of the sea, where they were besieged for some months, until the [[Return of the Noldor]], when [[Fëanor]] struck [[Morgoth]] from the north. The siege of the Falas was abandoned as the [[Orcs]] were ordered northward to help their master, where they were all destroyed by [[Celegorm]]. The Falas was saved.<ref name="Sindar"/><ref name="return">{{S|Return}}</ref>

=====Dealings with the Noldor=====
Círdan attended the [[Mereth Aderthad]] with many of his people, where he swore oaths of friendship with the Noldor.<ref name="return"/> Between Círdan and [[Finrod Felagund]], [[King of Nargothrond]], there was friendship and alliance, and with the aid of the [[Noldor]] the havens of [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were built anew.<ref name="Belerian">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref>

When the tales began spreading (sown by [[Morgoth]]) of the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]], Círdan, being very wise even at that time, was greatly troubled, feeling that these rumors sprouted from great malice. Knowing the jealousy and dissention among the Noldor, he guessed that the malice was that of the kinslayers. Therefore he dutifully sent messages to his overlord Thingol, telling him all that he had heard. This resulted in the banishment of [[Quenya]] and greater strife between the Sindar and the Noldor.<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

Círdan made up for his lack of participation in the [[Wars of Beleriand|wars of the Noldor]] with his role in the [[Second Assault on Hithlum]], coming to the timely aid of [[Fingon]] when he was most needed. The ships of Círdan sailed up the [[Firth of Drengist]] in great stength and then struck the unsuspecting [[Orcs]] from the west, giving victory to the Elves.<ref name="Fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>

After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], many fugitives came for shelter in Círdan's havens. The Falathrim mariners harassed the orcs in guerilla attacks from the sea. But it was only a matter of time before [[Morgoth]] attacked. Then came the disastrous [[Fall of the Falas]]. Though both [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were strong, with mighty walls, both fell one at a time due to the impressive array of siege-masters Morgoth had in his train. Although Círdan's people fought valiantly, the walls were broken and most of the Falathrim killed or enslaved. [[Barad Nimras]] was cast down, and the Falas laid to waste. But Círdan and some of his followers escaped by sea, and he took with him [[Gil-galad]], one of the last of the princes of the Noldor. They came to the [[Isle of Balar]] and founded a new refuge, but kept a foothold at the [[Mouths of Sirion]], keeping ships hidden in the reeds there.<ref name="Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

====Refuge in Balar====
Turgon, receiving the dreadful news, requested that Círdan send mariners to seek [[Valinor]] and the aid of the [[Valar]]. Círdan built seven swift ships, and sent them westward. None returned, save for only [[Voronwë|one mariner]] of the [[Gondolindrim]] who was his kinsman.<ref name="Tuor">{{UT|1}}</ref> The way to the West was closed.<ref name="Fifth"/>

Eventually Círdan served as messenger, when [[Ulmo]] delivered him a message for [[Orodreth]], warning of the doom of [[Nargothrond]], and ordering him to shut his gates and cast down the bridge. The warning went unheeded, resulting of the [[Fall of Nargothrond]].

After news came to Balar of the [[Fall of Gondolin]], [[Gil-galad]] was proclaimed [[High King of the Noldor]]. Círdan soon after became a fast friend of the young half-elf [[Eärendil]] son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], who had grown up essentially under his shadow, and was apprenticed to him. Círdan aided Eärendil in building the ship [[Vingilot]], giving him advice and help. Círdan doubtless remembered his vision, and this ship was indeed a fulfillment of it.<ref name=Cirdan/>

Círdan and Gil-galad came with their ships from Balar too late to prevent the disastrous [[Third Kinslaying]], when the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] were ambushed and many fell. But Eärendil was not there, rather on a voyage, and the [[Silmaril]] of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] had been spirited away by [[Elwing]] his wife. Thus, wielding the Silmaril, Eärendil came to [[Valinor]] and found the forgiveness of the [[Valar]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref> From that time on, Círdan was given foresight surpassing that of any of the Elves,<ref name=Cirdan/> perhaps some special grace of the Valar for his deeds in this world-changing episode (like the return of [[Glorfindel]], who also contributed significantly). After the [[War of Wrath]], Círdan, heeding the bidding of the Valar long ago, once more obediently abstained from finding his heart’s desire and going West, but with a small following remained in [[Middle-earth]].

===Second Age===
The continents were shifted, but Círdan still took up his abode by the sea, at the [[Grey Havens]], which the Elves built in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] whence the [[Eldar]] could sail the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> There he welcomed the friendly and then-unfallen [[Númenóreans]], making friends with [[Vëantur]], chief of the mariners of [[Tar-Elendil]], and later teaching [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] his grandson of ships (both management and construction) and seaside architecture,<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> doubtless being the foremost authority on both.

Círdan advised against the creation of the [[Rings of Power]] when [[Sauron|Annatar]] came, but, like Galadriel, his counsel went unheeded in the midst of the ambition of the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]. Nevertheless, when the [[Three Rings]] were hidden, Celebrimbor had appointed him to inherit one of them and so, Círdan received [[Narya]], the Ring of Fire.<ref name="rings"/> [[Sauron]], having revealed himself in the [[Sack of Eregion|destruction of Eregion]] and empowered by [[the One Ring]] he had forged, [[sack of Eregion|invaded]] [[Eriador]] in the same blow; however, he dared not attempt to take Círdan's [[Mithlond]] or [[Lindon]], fearing they were too strong because they had the help of the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="rings"/>

Círdan joined the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], and fought alongside [[Gil-galad]]. Many fell there, including [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]. After the battle, with Elrond, he urged [[Isildur]], Elendil’s heir, to throw the captured One Ring into [[Orodruin]], where it would be unmade, but Isildur refused.<ref name="rings"/><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref>

===Third Age===
{{blockquote|Take this ring, Master… for your labours will be heavy; but it will support you in the weariness that you have taken upon yourself. For this is the Ring of Fire, and with it you may rekindle hearts in a world that grows chill. But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the [[Last Ship|last ship]] sails. I will await you.|Círdan, ''[[Appendix B]]''}}
After the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the death of Gil-galad, Círdan ruled the [[Elves of Lindon]] from the [[Grey Havens]].<ref name="rings"/> For more than a thousand years they went undisturbed,<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> but at around {{TA|1050}}, a shadow began to lengthen. It was at this time the [[Istari]], sent by the [[Valar]], came. Círdan was the most foresighted of all beings in Middle-earth, and he alone knew the true purpose of the Istari.<ref name="AppB2"/> He also saw deep into the future of Gandalf, and gave him [[Narya]], his greatest possession and one of the most secret and sought-after treasures in the world.<ref name="rings"/>

Throughout the [[Angmar War]], the Elves of Lindon under Círdan supported [[Arnor]]. They assisted [[Arveleg]] and the men of [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with Círdan’s help, Arveleg's young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

In {{TA|1975}}, Círdan sent Elven sailors from Lindon on a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The next year, Círdan and the Elves of Lindon [[Host of the West (Arnor)|joined]] with the remnants of [[Arnor]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador/><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Later, Círdan took control of the abandoned [[palantíri|Elendil Stone]] on [[Emyn Beraid]], which could gaze into the [[Tol Eressëa|lost west]] and was without link to the other ''palantíri''.<ref name="Palantiri">{{UT|Palantiri}}</ref>

Nothing more is mentioned of his actions until the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3018}} and later {{TA|3021}}. [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was his messenger to [[Rivendell]] and attended the [[Council of Elrond]], speaking with authority on his lord’s behalf.<ref name="Council"/>

The last mention of Círdan came with the end of the Third Age. When the Ringbearers came to Mithlond, Círdan greeted them before the gates. Although [[Gandalf]], [[Galadriel]], and [[Elrond]] passed west on the [[White Ship|ship]] he had built for them, Círdan seems to have remained for a time.

===Later History===
{{main|Last Ship}}
Círdan maintained the haven at least into the early [[Fourth Age]], but it was recognized that eventually, its purpose would reach an end when no more Elves wished to cross the [[Sea]]. At that time, Círdan would abandon the Grey Havens and finally travel the [[Straight Road]] himself.<ref name=eriador/> On some unknown date, he sailed west aboard the [[Last Ship]] with his mighty kinsman [[Celeborn]], but when he did so, he took with him the last living memory of the [[Elder Days]] in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=prologue/>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Cirdan.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Círdan'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Shipwright".<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 27</ref> The [[Quenya]] cognate was '''''Ciryatan''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈkirʲatan]}}),<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry "kir-''</ref> although it is never applied to him, but to [[Tar-Ciryatan]].

==Characteristics==
In the last years of the Third Age, Círdan appeared very old save for his eyes which "''were keen as stars''", wearing a long beard.<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> Likely, he had grown a beard since having reached his [[Elven life cycle#"Cycles of life" and aging|third cycle of life]].<ref>{{VT|41b}}, p. 9</ref>

==Significance==
Círdan had a profound effect upon the course of Middle-earth history. He was a loyal servant and friend of [[Elwë]], sacrificing his heart’s desire in search of him.<ref name=Cirdan/> This loyalty and sense of duty shows up numerous times over the course of history, including his second sacrifice in his submission to the [[Valar]],<ref name=Cirdan/> and his sending of troubling and potentially destructive rumors to his overlord Thingol. He was also the most foresighted of the elves, a gift from the Valar.<ref name="AppB2"/><ref name=Cirdan/> He conceivably saved Elven civilization with the founding of the havens at the [[Mouths of Sirion]],<ref name="Fifth"/> and with the fostering of both [[Gil-galad]] and [[Eärendil]].<ref name="Earendil"/> His precious gift of [[Narya]] to [[Gandalf]] was also timely and valuable.<ref name="AppB2"/> He was clearly favored by [[Ulmo]], seen by the number of messages passed through him.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree| THI | | OLW | | ELM | | | CÍR |THI=[[Thingol]] ''d. {{FA|502}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|ELM=[[Elmo]] ''unknown''|CÍR='''CÍRDAN''' ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Círdan in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:Decipher - Círdan.jpg|Círdan in [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]
|File:SBG - Cirdan.jpeg|Círdan in [[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Círdan.jpg|Círdan in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
}}

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:His role as lieutenant of Gil-galad is given to [[Elrond]] instead (Elrond was Gil-galad's herald in the books). He does, however, appear very briefly in Galadriel's Monologue at the start of the movie, in the very brief shot of the three elven ringbearers.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Círdan briefly appears as Frodo and Bilbo make their trip to the lands of the West.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Círdan appears in several flashbacks depicting the the [[War of the Last Alliance]].

{{notes}}
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cirdan}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Círdan]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:cirdan]]
[[fi:Círdan]]

Lindon

2020-10-27T20:34:55Z

72.141.101.9: /* Later History */

{{expansion}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Lindon.jpg|250px]]
| name=Lindon
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Ossiriand]]''; the remnant was known as Lindon after the [[First Age]]
| location=West of the [[Blue Mountains]]
| capital=
| towns=[[Mithlond]], [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], [[Emyn Beraid]]
| regions=[[Forlindon]], [[Harlindon]]
| population=[[Elves of Lindon]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Nandorin]], [[Quenya]], [[Westron]]
| govern1=[[Gil-galad]]
| govern2=Later [[Círdan]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Ossiriand]]
| event1=Foundation
| event1date={{SA|1}}<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref>
| event2=
| event2date=
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
{{quote|...the last whose realm was fair and free between the Mountains and the Sea.|''[[The Fall of Gil-galad]]''}}
'''Lindon''' was a region of the [[Westlands]]. Initially populated by [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] in the [[Elder Days]], it became an important Elvish realm in the following Ages, known for its havens and [[ships]] that would sail for the [[Aman|West]].

==Geography==
Lindon was a name of [[Ossiriand]], a region west of the [[Blue Mountains]], in [[East Beleriand]]. After the deluge of Beleriand in the [[War of Wrath]], Lindon became the westernmost land of the continent of [[Middle-earth]].

The regions of [[Forlindon]] and [[Harlindon]] were the chief parts of Lindon, which extended, north of the [[Gulf of Lune]], to include the lands east of the [[Blue Mountains]] and west of the River [[Lune]] as far as the inflow of the [[Little Lune]].<ref group="note">In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', it is stated that after the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] and the establishment of [[Imladris]], the realm of Lindon was diminished and did not extend beyond the [[Blue Mountains]] any more. This is contradictory to ''[[Appendix A]]'' which states that by the time the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] was written in the late [[Third Age]], the lands beyond the [[Lune]] were still part of Lindon.</ref><ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #75</ref><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> (Beyond that was [[Dwarf]] territory.) South of the Lune it had no clear bounds, but the [[Tower Hills]] (as they were later called) were maintained as an outpost.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

When [[Ar-Pharazôn]] captured Sauron and took him to [[Númenor]], the [[Westlands]] found peace, and Gil-galad was free to extend his power and influence so that the Elves of Lindon controlled most of the [[Westlands]], even to the borders of [[Greenwood the Great]], until the [[Downfall of Númenor]], when Sauron returned to Middle-earth.<ref name=rings/>

In the tumult following the [[Downfall of Númenor]], Lindon suffered great loss as "the sea rode in upon the land", and therefore had shrunk by the end of the Second Age.<ref>{{PM|VI}}, p. 183</ref>

==History==
===Elder Days===
{{main|Ossiriand}}
The name Lindon was first used by the exiled Noldor for the region of [[Ossiriand]].<ref>{{S|14}}</ref>

Lindon was the only part of Beleriand that survived the [[War of Wrath]], the rest of the land having been broken or submerged by the tumults.<ref name=PMII78>{{PM|II}}, p. 78</ref> However, [[Belegaer]] the Great Sea broke through the mountain chain, creating the [[Gulf of Lhûn]].

===Second Age===
[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Elves of Lindon'']]
In {{SA|1}},<ref name=SA/> the [[Elves]] built the [[Grey Havens]] in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] where the [[Eldar]] sailed the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings/> This was the foundation of Lindon.<ref name=SA/> [[Gil-galad]] was the last heir of the [[King of the Noldor|kings of the Noldor]] in exile, and acknowledged as [[High King of the Noldor|High King of the Elves of the West]] and so, he was the king in Lindon.<ref name=rings/><ref name=SA/>

In the beginning of the [[Second Age]], most of the [[Noldor]] that remained in [[Middle-earth]] dwelt in Lindon but,<ref name=SA/> many [[Teleri]], survivors of [[Doriath]] and [[Ossiriand]], left Lindon before {{SA|1000}} to establish realms among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=rings/> [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] brought many [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], and [[Green-elves]]<ref name=concerning/> out of Lindon into [[Eriador]] to dwell there for some time.<ref name=concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Many of the [[Noldor]] in Lindon lead by [[Celebrimbor]] established the realm of [[Eregion]] in {{SA|750}} near the [[West-gate]] of [[Khazad-Dûm]] due to the recent discovery of [[mithril]] in [[Khazad-Dûm]].<ref name=SA/>

In {{SA|600}}, [[Entulessë]], a ship from [[Númenor]] arrived in Mithlond where Gil-galad welcomed the [[Númenóreans]], before reestablishing contact with their [[Mannish]] kin, the [[Middle Men]].<ref>{{App|B1}}, entry "600"</ref><ref>{{UT|Island}}</ref>

A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], an emissary of the [[Valar]], came seeking entrance. Gil-galad and Master [[Elrond]] sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. Messengers were sent from Lindon with warnings; but they were unheeded, and Annatar was received gladly, mostly in [[Eregion]]. However, [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] were proven correct, as Annatar was indeed [[Sauron]] and later, [[War of the Elves and Sauron|there was war in Eriador]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> [[Elrond]] led the forces of Lindon to [[Sack of Eregion|battle to defend Eregion]]. With them, and other [[Elves of Eregion|Elves]] who fled the destruction of [[Eregion]], he established [[Imladris]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref name=SA/>

The Elves called that time [[Dark Years|Days of Flight]] as many fled to Lindon and thence over the [[Sea]] to the [[Uttermost West]]. But in Lindon [[Gil-galad]] still maintained his power, and Sauron dared not as yet to pass the [[Ered Luin]] nor to assail the [[Grey Havens|Havens]]; and Gil-galad was aided by the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name=rings/> In the [[Dark Years]], [[Sauron]] had conquered most of the [[Westlands]], but in {{SA|1700}} [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a fleet to Lindon and the combined army of Lindon and [[Númenor]] drove Sauron's forces out of [[Eriador]].<ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/>

===Later History===
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|thumb|left|Angelo Montanini - ''Northern Waste'']]
After the fall of Gil-galad (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), there was still a remnant of his people, the [[Noldor]], who dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] of further inland in Lindon, who, aside from [[Rivendell]], were most of the remaining Noldor of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=rings/> [[Cirdan]] remained the Lord of the Havens and ruled Lindon from the Grey Havens.<ref name=eriador/><ref name=rings/>

During the [[Third Age]], Lindon supported [[Arnor]] in the [[Angmar War]]. It assisted [[Arveleg I]] and [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with [[Círdan]]'s help, [[Arveleg I|Arveleg]]'s young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador/> Lindon also assisted King [[Araval]] in a coalition with [[Rivendell]], in another battle against Angmar in {{TA|1851}}.<ref name=Elendil>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210</ref> In {{TA|1975}}, Elves from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue [[Arvedui Last-king]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The [[Third Age 1976|next year]], the forces of Lindon joined the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], and Cirdan led them to victory in the [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

In the [[Fourth Age]], few [[Noldor]] remained in Lindon, if any at all.<ref name=eriador/> Men did not go to Lindon.<ref name=eriador/>

==Names and Etymology==
In a post-[[Lord of the Rings|LotR]] writing, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] says that the name ''Lindon'' was coined by the Green-elves, derived from [[Nandorin]](?) *''Lindānā''. The Sindar called the country ''Dor Lindon'' and the Noldor ''Lindóne'' (or ''Lindónë''<ref>{{HM|IX}}</ref>) but both also adopted the name ''Lindon''.<ref name=WJC>{{WJ|C}}, p. 385</ref>

The name Lindon contains the element ''lin-'' "sing, song" as also seen in [[Lindar]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}</ref> ''Lindon'' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈlindon]}}) means "land of music".<ref>{{S|14}}</ref>

The translation "Land of the singers", conceived to be a name in the [[Nandorin|Ossiriandic]] tongue, has been suggested by [[David Salo]], [[Arden R. Smith|Arden Smith]], [[Patrick H. Wynne|Patrick Wynne]], et al. in their linguistic contribution to ''[[Arnor: The Land]]''

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In early versions of the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Appendices]]'', Gil-galad is said to have founded Lindon in {{SA}} 10.<ref>{{PM|VI}}, pp. 168, 173</ref>

==Portrayals in Adaptations==
''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:A [[Lindon (MERP)|supplement on Lindon]] was never released by [[Iron Crown Enterprises|ICE]], although there were such plans,<ref>{{ICE|8014}}, p. 15</ref> and Jeff J. Erwin and Oliver Schick were commissioned to write supplements on Lindon and Mithlond, respectively (both supplements were nearly finished at the time ICE lost their license from [[Middle-earth Enterprises|Tolkien Enterprises]]).<ref>Oliver Schick, Mailing list message of 9 Oct 2007, at [http://games.groups.yahoo.com/group/fan-modules/?v=1&t=directory&ch=web&pub=groups&sec=dir&slk=3 Yahoo groups Fan modules]</ref> However, scattered information on Lindon and its prominent individuals can be found in several supplements.<ref>{{ICE|8014}}, pp. 3-4, 10-11, 14-15</ref><ref>{{ICE|4002}}, pp. 16, 44-46</ref><ref>{{ICE|2022}}, pp. 61, 148</ref><ref>{{ICE|2023}}, pp. 68-69</ref>

==See also==
*[[Elves of Lindon]]
*[[Ossiriand]]

==External links==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/09/26/why-did-the-sindar-leave-lindon/ Why Did the Sindar Leave Lindon?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{notes}}
{{references}}
{{Remnants}}
[[Category:Lindon| Lindon]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]

[[de:Lindon]]
[[fi:Lindon]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/lindon]]

Lindon

2020-10-27T20:34:13Z

72.141.101.9:

{{expansion}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Lindon.jpg|250px]]
| name=Lindon
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Ossiriand]]''; the remnant was known as Lindon after the [[First Age]]
| location=West of the [[Blue Mountains]]
| capital=
| towns=[[Mithlond]], [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], [[Emyn Beraid]]
| regions=[[Forlindon]], [[Harlindon]]
| population=[[Elves of Lindon]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Nandorin]], [[Quenya]], [[Westron]]
| govern1=[[Gil-galad]]
| govern2=Later [[Círdan]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Ossiriand]]
| event1=Foundation
| event1date={{SA|1}}<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref>
| event2=
| event2date=
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
{{quote|...the last whose realm was fair and free between the Mountains and the Sea.|''[[The Fall of Gil-galad]]''}}
'''Lindon''' was a region of the [[Westlands]]. Initially populated by [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] in the [[Elder Days]], it became an important Elvish realm in the following Ages, known for its havens and [[ships]] that would sail for the [[Aman|West]].

==Geography==
Lindon was a name of [[Ossiriand]], a region west of the [[Blue Mountains]], in [[East Beleriand]]. After the deluge of Beleriand in the [[War of Wrath]], Lindon became the westernmost land of the continent of [[Middle-earth]].

The regions of [[Forlindon]] and [[Harlindon]] were the chief parts of Lindon, which extended, north of the [[Gulf of Lune]], to include the lands east of the [[Blue Mountains]] and west of the River [[Lune]] as far as the inflow of the [[Little Lune]].<ref group="note">In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', it is stated that after the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] and the establishment of [[Imladris]], the realm of Lindon was diminished and did not extend beyond the [[Blue Mountains]] any more. This is contradictory to ''[[Appendix A]]'' which states that by the time the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] was written in the late [[Third Age]], the lands beyond the [[Lune]] were still part of Lindon.</ref><ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #75</ref><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> (Beyond that was [[Dwarf]] territory.) South of the Lune it had no clear bounds, but the [[Tower Hills]] (as they were later called) were maintained as an outpost.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

When [[Ar-Pharazôn]] captured Sauron and took him to [[Númenor]], the [[Westlands]] found peace, and Gil-galad was free to extend his power and influence so that the Elves of Lindon controlled most of the [[Westlands]], even to the borders of [[Greenwood the Great]], until the [[Downfall of Númenor]], when Sauron returned to Middle-earth.<ref name=rings/>

In the tumult following the [[Downfall of Númenor]], Lindon suffered great loss as "the sea rode in upon the land", and therefore had shrunk by the end of the Second Age.<ref>{{PM|VI}}, p. 183</ref>

==History==
===Elder Days===
{{main|Ossiriand}}
The name Lindon was first used by the exiled Noldor for the region of [[Ossiriand]].<ref>{{S|14}}</ref>

Lindon was the only part of Beleriand that survived the [[War of Wrath]], the rest of the land having been broken or submerged by the tumults.<ref name=PMII78>{{PM|II}}, p. 78</ref> However, [[Belegaer]] the Great Sea broke through the mountain chain, creating the [[Gulf of Lhûn]].

===Second Age===
[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Elves of Lindon'']]
In {{SA|1}},<ref name=SA/> the [[Elves]] built the [[Grey Havens]] in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] where the [[Eldar]] sailed the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings/> This was the foundation of Lindon.<ref name=SA/> [[Gil-galad]] was the last heir of the [[King of the Noldor|kings of the Noldor]] in exile, and acknowledged as [[High King of the Noldor|High King of the Elves of the West]] and so, he was the king in Lindon.<ref name=rings/><ref name=SA/>

In the beginning of the [[Second Age]], most of the [[Noldor]] that remained in [[Middle-earth]] dwelt in Lindon but,<ref name=SA/> many [[Teleri]], survivors of [[Doriath]] and [[Ossiriand]], left Lindon before {{SA|1000}} to establish realms among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=rings/> [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] brought many [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], and [[Green-elves]]<ref name=concerning/> out of Lindon into [[Eriador]] to dwell there for some time.<ref name=concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Many of the [[Noldor]] in Lindon lead by [[Celebrimbor]] established the realm of [[Eregion]] in {{SA|750}} near the [[West-gate]] of [[Khazad-Dûm]] due to the recent discovery of [[mithril]] in [[Khazad-Dûm]].<ref name=SA/>

In {{SA|600}}, [[Entulessë]], a ship from [[Númenor]] arrived in Mithlond where Gil-galad welcomed the [[Númenóreans]], before reestablishing contact with their [[Mannish]] kin, the [[Middle Men]].<ref>{{App|B1}}, entry "600"</ref><ref>{{UT|Island}}</ref>

A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], an emissary of the [[Valar]], came seeking entrance. Gil-galad and Master [[Elrond]] sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. Messengers were sent from Lindon with warnings; but they were unheeded, and Annatar was received gladly, mostly in [[Eregion]]. However, [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] were proven correct, as Annatar was indeed [[Sauron]] and later, [[War of the Elves and Sauron|there was war in Eriador]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> [[Elrond]] led the forces of Lindon to [[Sack of Eregion|battle to defend Eregion]]. With them, and other [[Elves of Eregion|Elves]] who fled the destruction of [[Eregion]], he established [[Imladris]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref name=SA/>

The Elves called that time [[Dark Years|Days of Flight]] as many fled to Lindon and thence over the [[Sea]] to the [[Uttermost West]]. But in Lindon [[Gil-galad]] still maintained his power, and Sauron dared not as yet to pass the [[Ered Luin]] nor to assail the [[Grey Havens|Havens]]; and Gil-galad was aided by the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name=rings/> In the [[Dark Years]], [[Sauron]] had conquered most of the [[Westlands]], but in {{SA|1700}} [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a fleet to Lindon and the combined army of Lindon and [[Númenor]] drove Sauron's forces out of [[Eriador]].<ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/>

===Later History===
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|thumb|left|Angelo Montanini - ''Northern Waste'']]
After the fall of Gil-galad (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), there was still a remnant of his people, the [[Noldor]], who dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] of further inland in Lindon, who, aside from [[Rivendell]], were most of the remaining Noldor of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=rings/> The Elves of Lindon would often wander into [[Eriador]] but they mostly dwelt by the sea building the elven-ships in which many [[Eldar]] would depart to [[Valinor]].<ref name=rings/> [[Cirdan]] remained the Lord of the Havens and ruled the Lindon from the Grey Havens.<ref name=eriador/><ref name=rings/>

During the [[Third Age]], Lindon supported [[Arnor]] in the [[Angmar War]]. It assisted [[Arveleg I]] and [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with [[Círdan]]'s help, [[Arveleg I|Arveleg]]'s young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador/> Lindon also assisted King [[Araval]] in a coalition with [[Rivendell]], in another battle against Angmar in {{TA|1851}}.<ref name=Elendil>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210</ref> In {{TA|1975}}, Elves from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue [[Arvedui Last-king]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The [[Third Age 1976|next year]], the forces of Lindon joined the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], and Cirdan led them to victory in the [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

In the [[Fourth Age]], few [[Noldor]] remained in Lindon, if any at all.<ref name=eriador/> Men did not go to Lindon.<ref name=eriador/>

==Names and Etymology==
In a post-[[Lord of the Rings|LotR]] writing, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] says that the name ''Lindon'' was coined by the Green-elves, derived from [[Nandorin]](?) *''Lindānā''. The Sindar called the country ''Dor Lindon'' and the Noldor ''Lindóne'' (or ''Lindónë''<ref>{{HM|IX}}</ref>) but both also adopted the name ''Lindon''.<ref name=WJC>{{WJ|C}}, p. 385</ref>

The name Lindon contains the element ''lin-'' "sing, song" as also seen in [[Lindar]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}</ref> ''Lindon'' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈlindon]}}) means "land of music".<ref>{{S|14}}</ref>

The translation "Land of the singers", conceived to be a name in the [[Nandorin|Ossiriandic]] tongue, has been suggested by [[David Salo]], [[Arden R. Smith|Arden Smith]], [[Patrick H. Wynne|Patrick Wynne]], et al. in their linguistic contribution to ''[[Arnor: The Land]]''

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In early versions of the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Appendices]]'', Gil-galad is said to have founded Lindon in {{SA}} 10.<ref>{{PM|VI}}, pp. 168, 173</ref>

==Portrayals in Adaptations==
''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:A [[Lindon (MERP)|supplement on Lindon]] was never released by [[Iron Crown Enterprises|ICE]], although there were such plans,<ref>{{ICE|8014}}, p. 15</ref> and Jeff J. Erwin and Oliver Schick were commissioned to write supplements on Lindon and Mithlond, respectively (both supplements were nearly finished at the time ICE lost their license from [[Middle-earth Enterprises|Tolkien Enterprises]]).<ref>Oliver Schick, Mailing list message of 9 Oct 2007, at [http://games.groups.yahoo.com/group/fan-modules/?v=1&t=directory&ch=web&pub=groups&sec=dir&slk=3 Yahoo groups Fan modules]</ref> However, scattered information on Lindon and its prominent individuals can be found in several supplements.<ref>{{ICE|8014}}, pp. 3-4, 10-11, 14-15</ref><ref>{{ICE|4002}}, pp. 16, 44-46</ref><ref>{{ICE|2022}}, pp. 61, 148</ref><ref>{{ICE|2023}}, pp. 68-69</ref>

==See also==
*[[Elves of Lindon]]
*[[Ossiriand]]

==External links==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/09/26/why-did-the-sindar-leave-lindon/ Why Did the Sindar Leave Lindon?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{notes}}
{{references}}
{{Remnants}}
[[Category:Lindon| Lindon]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]

[[de:Lindon]]
[[fi:Lindon]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/lindon]]

East Lórien

2020-08-19T02:08:38Z

72.141.101.9: Not done yet I’ll finish after

'''East Lórien''' was the realm that arose in the southern reaches of [[Mirkwood]].

South of the Narrows, Mirkwood formed a broad forest around the base of Amon Lanc and on eastwards for some two hundred miles. During the Third Age, the Necromancer built Dol Guldur on the hill of Amon Lanc, and this part of the Forest was under his influence.

After the War of the Ring, Dol Guldur was torn down and the Elves of Lórien (who dwelt immediately to the west across the Anduin) claimed the southern woods. At this time the entire Forest south of the Narrows was named East Lórien, and ruled by Celeborn, though he did not remain there long. After a few years he retired to Imladris to live with the sons of Elrond and some Noldor, leaving the wooded land of Lórien populated by only a few wandering Silvan Elves whereas the Silvan Elves of East Lórien under Greenwood the Great remained untroubled for a long time.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]

[[de:Ost-Lórien]]
[[fi:Itä-Lórien]]

War of the Last Alliance

2020-08-15T03:28:14Z

72.141.101.9:

{{war
| previous=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]
| next= [[Angmar War]]
| image=[[File:Matt DeMino - Sauron - War of the Last Alliance.png|300px]]
| name= War of the Last Alliance
| place= Mordor and lower Anduin region
| result= Victory for the [[Last Alliance]], fall of Sauron, loss of the One Ring
| battles= [[Fall of Minas Ithil]], [[Anárion's defense of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| begin= {{SA|3429}}
| end= {{SA|3441}}
| side1= [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| side2=Forces of [[Sauron]]|
|casual1=Thousands, innumerable|
|casual2=Nearly all Orcs, Men, and other creatures were killed|
| commanders1=
{{Gil-galad blazon|died}}
* [[Círdan]]
* [[Elrond]]
* [[Oropher]] †
*[[Thranduil]]
* [[Amdír]] †
* [[Elendil]] †
* [[Isildur]]
* [[Anárion]] †
| commanders2=
{{Sauron blazon}}
}}

The '''War of the Last Alliance''' was the war late in the [[Second Age]] in which the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] marched against the fortress of [[Sauron]], [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]]. Against all hope, they were victorious, but when [[the One Ring]] was not destroyed, [[Sauron]] rose again during the long years of the [[Third Age]].

==History==
===Prelude===
Ever since his defeat in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]] Sauron nursed a special hatred against the [[Númenóreans]] and longed to take revenge on them.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> In {{SA|3261|n}}, Sauron dared to wage war against Númenor and the last [[King of Númenor]] [[Ar-Pharazôn]] had gathered a massive army to counter this threat. Perceiving the might and splendour of the Númenóreans Sauron's servants deserted him, and Sauron was filled with fear and humbled himself. He was brought as a hostage to Númenor and finally succeeded in taking his revenge by playing a vital role in the events that led to the Downfall. Yet of all Númenóreans he hated Elendil most, and his wrath was great that he and his sons had escaped.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}} the remaining [[Faithful]] led by [[Elendil]] and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anarion]] established the [[Realms in Exile]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Elendil ruled [[Arnor]] in the north, Isildur and Anarion jointly ruled the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. [[Sauron]] however perished physically, by drowning; being caught in the Fall of Númenor which he had cleverly schemed to bring about. Yet nevertheless, even though he truly was drowned, Sauron's spirit endured; he returned to his fortress [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]] and was able in time to take shape again. However, it should be noted that hereafter Sauron could no longer take on a deceptively fair and greatly pleasing form, as Sauron had done so long before, in order to deceive the Elves and then again much later, the [[Númenóreans]] too, whilst he was held a willing captive.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Opening Stages===
Perceiving that his enemies of old had escaped the downfall, Sauron's wrath was great and in {{SA|3429|n}} he launched an attack upon Isildur's fortress, Minas Ithil. Believing that Sauron had perished in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], they were completely taken by surprise, [[Minas Ithil]] was taken, and the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that Isildur had planted there was burned. Nevertheless Isildur, his wife and children escaped, saving a seedling of the tree, too, and sailing down [[Anduin]] journeyed to Elendil's realm in Arnor. There Elendil and [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]] forged the [[Last Alliance|Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in {{SA|3430|n}}, to defeat Sauron ultimately. Meanwhile, Anárion held out in Gondor, defending [[Osgiliath]] and [[Minas Anor]].<ref name="Rings"/>

In {{SA|3431}}, the [[Elves of Lindon]] led by Gil-galad and [[Círdan]] marched eastward and were awaited by Elendil at [[Amon Sûl]]. The combined host marched towards [[Rivendell|Imladris]], where they joined with [[Elrond|Lord Elrond]], who was Gil-galad's herald, and acted as his second-in-command in the coming campaign.

The united host rested for about three years in Imladris, forging weapons and making plans. They crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] over many passes and marched down [[Anduin]] where they were joined by Dwarves from [[Khazad-dûm]], Elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] led by [[Oropher]] and his son [[Thranduil]], and Lothlórien Elves under [[Amdír]]<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>. At the southern eaves of [[Eryn Galen]], the host turned south-east and marched through desolate areas that had once been the [[Entwives]]' gardens. They, and probably the Entwives themselves, had been destroyed by [[Sauron]] to deprive the Alliance's forces of supplies.<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref>

The Alliance entered the vast plain outside Mordor where they were joined by Anárion's forces. There Sauron's host awaited them from the north-west.

Of the Dwarves, few fought upon either side; but the kindred of [[Durin]] of [[Moria]] fought against [[Sauron]].<ref name="Rings"/>

===The [[Battle of Dagorlad]]===
During preliminary skirmishing, [[Oropher]] and his Elves, being scantily equipped, rashly charged forward into the numerous Orc forces before Gil-galad had given the command, and suffered heavy casualties, including Oropher himself. Amdír and his forces also were cut off from the main battle and driven into the marshes just to the south, where he also fell along with half of his troops.<ref name="Silvan Princes"/> This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there.

This battle raged for days and nights continuously. But the Elves were still mighty in these times and the Númenóreans were tall and strong and terrible. And none could withstand [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]] and [[Narsil]], Gil-galad's spear and Elendil's sword which filled the orcs and wicked men with fear. Slowly Elves and Númenóreans whittled down the vast numbers of Orcs and pushed them back towards the [[Black Gate]].<ref name="Rings"/>
No account is given how the Alliance managed to break through this mighty fortification though.

===The [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]===

The forces of the Last Alliance had forced their way through the Black Gate into Mordor itself. Victory seemed close, but no power short of the [[Valar]] could breach the [[Dark Tower]] by force. Though a great part of Sauron's forces was destroyed at the Dagorlad his host was still numerous and Sauron ordered many a sortie. The siege went on year after year, from {{SA|3434}} to {{SA|3441|n}}<ref name="Rings"/>. Isildur's sons, [[Aratan]] and [[Ciryon]], were detached and sent to Minas Ithil to guard against a breakout to the southwest, but his oldest son, Elendur served by his side till the end<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>. [[Anárion]] was killed in {{SA|3440|n}} by a projectile thrown from the tower.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>

In the seventh year of the siege, it became so pressing that [[Sauron]] himself came forth. His onslaught was terrible and the siege was almost broken as Sauron and his host advanced to the slopes of [[Mount Doom]]. There he was encountered by the captains of the Alliance, Gil-galad and Elendil and to their side stood Elrond, Círdan and Isildur. Sauron fought with Gil-galad and Elendil, and both were slain. As Elendil fell, his sword was broken beneath him. Yet Sauron was thrown down, too, and Isildur seized the hilt of his father's sword and cut off the finger on which Sauron wore the One Ring. Being bereft of its power, Sauron was no longer able to hold a physical form and perished.<ref name="Rings"/>

===Aftermath===

The Alliance pursued the Orcs, who were then in disarray, and killed them all. The Barad-dûr was levelled but its foundations remained behind since they were built with the power of [[the One Ring]] which was not destroyed. The thousands of dead Men and Elves were taken out of Mordor and buried in the Dagorlad Plain.

Over the course of the war, which ended with the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, most of the Silvan army had been lost. Thranduil led the remaining third of his army back home to the Greenwood.<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

While he had captured [[the One Ring]], Isildur refused Elrond and Círdan's entreaties that he destroy it by casting it into the [[Crack of Doom]], claiming it as a weregild for his father's and brother's death<ref name="Rings"/>. The result of this was that while [[Sauron]] was defeated and cast down, his spirit was not destroyed. He hid in the dark lands east of Mordor, and slowly rebuilt his power. The Nine ([[Nazgûl]]) also bided their time for the day when he would rise again.

While the Orc armies of Sauron had been well nigh destroyed in the War, scattered groups of them survived. In the Last Alliance, the casualties had been heavy. [[Elendil]] and [[Anárion]] were gone, and [[Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]], was no more. [[Arnor]] took grievous losses, and suffered from a decline in population. It never really recovered as a major power and broke into three pieces some centuries later. [[Gondor]] suffered less heavily and became a powerful nation. [[Isildur]], the new [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]], perished only two years later in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], along with his three older sons. They were ambushed by an Orc task force operating near the River Anduin. In the course of Isildur's death, the Ring was lost in the depths of [[Anduin]]<ref name="Gladden"/>. Much was lost, but [[Sauron]] was suppressed-- for a while.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The [[War of the Last Alliance|entire venture]] of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] was combined into a short silhouette play, in which [[Isildur]] cut the [[The One Ring|Ring]] off [[Sauron]]'s hand in battle - not when Sauron was already conquered.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Last Alliance.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The War of the Last Alliance in ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'']]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:This film also compresses the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], the Siege, and the final duel into one, and places them all at [[Mount Doom]], in a prologue similar to that of the 1978 film. The main perspective of the entire [[Prologue: One Ring to Rule Them All...|Prologue - ''One Ring to Rule Them All...'']] - lies with [[Elrond]]. The death of [[Gil-galad]] is not mentioned, [[Anárion]] is cut completely, and the deaths of [[Elendil]] and Sauron are rewritten: after coming forth, Sauron wreaks havoc among the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and a blow from his mace throws Elendil against the mountainside, killing him. Isildur tries to take up [[Narsil]], but it breaks as Sauron steps on it. In a desperate strike, Isildur slashes the Ring, and four fingers, from Sauron's hand. Sauron's body sends a shockwave over the land and dissolves into nothingness.

:In a later scene, named ''[[The Fate of the Ring]]'', Elrond tells [[Gandalf]] of the final debate with Isildur, inside Mount Doom. [[Círdan]] is not present, and Isildur refuses by simply saying "No".

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':''''
:The war serves as the setting for the tutorial. The player controls Isildur making his way through Mordor.

{{References}}

[[Category:Second Age]]
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[Category:Wars]]

[[fr:encyclo/evenements/2a/guerres/guerre_de_la_derniere_alliance]]

Last Alliance of Elves and Men

2020-08-15T03:24:10Z

72.141.101.9: /* Structure */

{{organization infobox
| name=Last Alliance of Elves and Men
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Last Alliance.jpg|250px]]
| caption="The Last Alliance" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| founded={{SA|3430}}
| founder=[[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]
| purpose=Prevent conquest by [[Sauron]]
| members=[[Men of Arnor]], [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]], [[Gondorians]], [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Rivendell|Forces of Imladris]], [[Elves of Mirkwood]], [[Elves of Lórinand]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]], "beasts and birds"<ref name=rings/>
| location=Mustered at [[Imladris]], forces drawn from all parts of northwestern [[Middle-earth]]
| disbanded={{SA|3441}}
| notablefor=Defeating [[Sauron]]
| gallery=the Last Alliance
}}
{{quote|Now [[Elendil]] and [[Gil-galad]]... perceived that [[Sauron]] would grow too strong..., if they did not unite against him. Therefore they made that League which is called the Last Alliance, and they marched east... gathering a great host of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]; and they halted for a while at [[Imladris]]. It is said that the host that was there assembled was fairer and more splendid in arms than any that has since been seen in [[Middle-earth]], and none greater has been mustered since the [[Host of the Valar|host of the Valar]] went against [[Thangorodrim]].|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"}}
The '''Last Alliance of Elves and Men''' was the great league formed in response to the threat of conquest by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref> The collective-army that eventually set out to war was sometimes called the '''Host of the Alliance'''.<ref name=second/>

==Structure==
The great host was generally divided into hosts commanded by [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]:

'''Gil-galad'''
*[[Elves of Lindon]] (with [[Círdan]])
*[[Elrond]]
**[[Rivendell|Forces of Imladris]]
*[[Oropher]] (with [[Thranduil]])
**[[Elves of the Wood]]
**[[Amdír]]
***[[Elves of Lórinand]]

'''Elendil'''
*[[Men of Arnor]]
*[[Isildur]] (with [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], and [[Ciryon]])<ref name=gladdenfield/>
**[[Men of Arnor|Men of eastern Arnor]]
**[[Men of the Vales of Anduin]]
*[[Anárion]]
**[[Gondorians]]

The army of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the "beasts and birds"<ref name=rings/> are not said to have belonged to either host.

==Background==
[[Sauron]] had been contending with the [[Elves]] for mastery of [[Middle-earth]] for over 1200 years. Fearing the establishment of the powerful [[Realms in Exile]] by his hated enemies, the [[Númenóreans]], and the ever-growing influence of [[Gil-galad]] in the [[Westlands]], Sauron launched a pre-emptive attack on [[Gondor]] in {{SA|3429}}.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><ref name=SA/>

The first strike of the War was against [[Isildur]]'s fortress of [[Minas Ithil]], which guarded [[Mordor]]'s western borders. This Sauron captured, but Isildur and his family were able to escape by ship, sailing down the [[Anduin]] to its [[Mouths of Anduin|Mouths]], and then by sea northward to seek out his father, the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] [[Elendil]].<ref name=rings/> Meanwhile Sauron continued his assault, attempting to take [[Osgiliath]], but Isildur's brother [[Anárion]] was prepared for him. The forces of Mordor were driven back through [[Ithilien]], and held at the line of the [[Ephel Dúath]]; but Sauron gathered his strength again, and [[Anárion]] knew that unless help should come [[Gondor]] would fall.<ref name=rings/>

==History==
[[Elendil]] and [[Gil-galad]], after receiving [[Isildur]], understood that Sauron would grow too powerful if they did not unite against them.<ref name=rings/> In response, [[Elendil]] and his sons formed an alliance with [[Gil-galad]] in {{SA|3430}}<ref name=SA/> and the hosts of Gil-galad and Elendil were mustered in [[Arnor]].<ref name=second>{{PM|Second}}</ref><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> It is said that the hosts of Gil-galad joined Elendil at [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] (it is told that [[Elendil]] stood on the great watch-tower of [[Amon Sûl]] watching for the coming of Gil-galad out of [[Lindon]])<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref> and marched towards [[Imladris]] in {{SA|3431}} whilst summoning all folk to their aid.<ref name=SA/><ref name=second/> The host that was assembled at [[Imladris]] was said to be the greatest since the [[Host of Valinor]] of the [[First Age]].<ref name=rings/> It is said that [[Elendil]] bound the Alliance with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Though the main host was composed of [[Elves]] and [[Men]], other races also played their part. In particular, there are records of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] joining the alliance.<ref name=rings/>

[[File:Angel Falto - Elf Last Alliance.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Last Alliance'' by [[:Category:Images by Angel Falto|Angel Falto]]]]

Bringing together this great host took no less than three years, during which other preparations were made. For example, the ancient [[Forest Road]] that led down from the [[Pass of Imladris]], crossed [[Anduin]] by a bridge which had been enlarged and strengthened for the passage of the armies of the Alliance.<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, note 14</ref> Finally in {{SA|3434}}, the Host of the Alliance crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] by many passes and marched south.<ref name=rings/> The main might of [[Gil-galad]] with the company of [[Elrond]], together with [[Isildur]] and the [[Men of Arnor|men of eastern Arnor]] crossed over the [[High Pass]] and the [[Redhorn Gate]].<ref name=gladden/><ref name=gladdenfield/> In fact that host was so large, that the [[Orcs of Mordor]] sent by Sauron to harry them, hid themselves.<ref name=gladden>{{UT|Gladden}}, note 20</ref>

As the Host crossed the [[Anduin]] and travelled down the [[Vales of Anduin]], their forces were further strengthened by both [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Despite the reluctance of [[Oropher]], King of the [[Silvan Elves]] east of [[Anduin]], to meddle in the affairs of any other peoples, he assembled a great army of [[Elves of Mirkwood|his now numerous people]], and joining with the [[Elves of Lórinand|lesser army]] of [[Amdír]], [[King of Lórien]], he led the host of the [[Silvan Elves]] to the Last Alliance.<ref name="Princes"/> The [[Silvan Elves]] were hardy and valiant, but ill-equipped with armour or weapons in comparison with the [[Noldor]]; also they were independent, and not disposed to place themselves under the supreme command of [[Gil-galad]].<ref name="Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref> In addition to the [[Silvan Elves]], the [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] joined the great host, allying themselves with [[Isildur]].<ref name=gladdenfield>{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>

When Sauron learned of their advance, he burned the former [[Brown Lands|gardens]] of the [[Entwives]] to hinder them down the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{L|144}}</ref>

Soon, the Host of the Alliance reached [[Dagorlad]] where they met and defeated Sauron's host in the great [[Battle of Dagorlad]], breached the [[Morannon]] into [[Mordor]], and besieged the Dark Lord's fortress of [[Barad-dûr]].<ref name=rings/> In the seventh year of the [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Siege]], {{SA|3441}}, Sauron sought to bring it to an end by offering combat against the leaders of the Alliance, but in the combat that followed, [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]] both fell but Sauron was also defeated, and his evil spirit abandoned his body.<ref name=SA/> With the fall of Sauron came the end of the [[War of Last Alliance|War]], and also the end of the mighty Last Alliance of Elves and Men.<ref name=SA/>

==See also==
*[[War of the Last Alliance]] (Military information)

{{references}}
[[Category:Armies]]
[[Category:Arnorians]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Elves]]
[[de:Letztes Bündnis]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:2a:derniere_alliance_des_elfes_et_des_hommes]]
[[fi:Haltioiden ja Ihmisten Viimeinen Liitto]]

Talk:Sindarin

2020-04-29T15:41:46Z

72.141.101.9: /* Dunedain of Arnor? */ new section

As you may know, the Editorial Team of the Elvish Linguistic Fellowship is still publishing Tolkien's notes on the languages, and according to the attendees of the latest [http://www.omentielva.com/ootsea.htm Omentielva conference], Parma Eldalamberon's 23rd and 24th issues are on the way as well. Thus, our understanding of the languages, or at least the amount of documents that we have on them, keeps growing. Consequently, every article that was published before one of the E.L.F. publications is bound to have outdated information, although even the seemingly up-to-date works tend to have the same, due to the fact that interest in Tolkien's languages mostly faded after the early 2000s and few people remain active and discover all the implications of tiny details via collaboration.

The Sindarin page on Tolkien Gateway is similarly full of outdated information. For example, the details on the past conjugation of basic verbs belong to an era before Parma Eldalamberon #17 (2007), arguably the most important document on Tolkien's languages. Today, we know unequivocally that the mentioned is instead formed with "nasal infixion" for the final consonants B, D, G, and "vowel lengthening" for the rest, with "augmentation" for both. To exemplify, the verb ''car-'' "to do" employs the vowel lengthening (and augmentation) method and becomes ''agor'' "he/she did", and ''agóren, agórel'' "I did, you did". Evidence of this formation was present long before PE17 or PE22, but due to the lack of published information it was considered to be "irregular" in the early 2000s, whereas we now have access to more than a few examples for it.

Thus I suggest removing such details from the page, instead offering a brief overview like the one on Quenya. I do not recommend replacing outdated parts with updated ones because in time these could become obsolete as well, with a new publication of the source material. The details within the "Quenya Grammar" page is also problematic in that regard, even though Tolkien was more consistent with Quenya. There is already a great amount of misinformation on the internet when it comes to Elvish languages, and so Tolkien Gateway should take steps to avoid adding to it.

— [[User:Elaran|Elaran]] 09:24, 26 January 2019 (UTC)

:Please edit the page to change this information. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:15, 26 January 2019 (UTC)

::OK, I have to apologise. I had not appreciated from the above remarks quite the scope and scale of the change you were proposing which - to me - is a complete hollowing out of the article. And I think needs a much wider debate first (which is why I have reverted the edit).

::I agree that there is information here that needs updating, but my preference would be to update not just remove all information altogether; I would also prefer the article to be kept up-to-date with latest developments rather than have nothing at all. I also don't fully understand the need to remove the pronunciation information, or the Etymology and Names sections.

::It would be helpful to know your mind on the changes you think need making to Phonology, Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Dialects, Etymology, and Names section. The example you gave above relates to Verbs specifically. Thanks. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 15:26, 17 February 2019 (UTC)

:::The result was as "hollow" as the Quenya page, which simply offers brief information on its history and inspiration, as it should. But if there should be more, the page should first be cleaned up until proper information is made ready. The Etymology and Names sections could stay, as well as Phonology (better renamed to Pronunciation) with a few updates. Vowel mutations should be updated (better yet, removed) and the Consonant mutations need to go immediately, as well as everything about the verbs (which are mostly taken from outdated Neo-Sindarin sources). I do not see the point of presenting the pronouns (which also need an update) without a full system which only up-to-date Neo-Sindarin can provide. Finally, the Dialects section confuses internal and external developments.

:::— [[User:Elaran|Elaran]] 20:49, 17 February 2019 (UTC)

::::It has been a week. Have you made a decision? In case I fail to reach you again, I will at least delete the Verbs section (as it is not only old but comes from Neo-Sindarin sources which Tolkien's notes have debunked long ago). And I would like to emphasise that "uninformative" would be better than "misleading".

::::— [[User:Elaran|Elaran]] 21:38, 23 February 2019 (UTC)

:::::As I said above, I would like to hear from other editors before are major revisions to this article has been made, and none have yet done so. There is no rush. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 11:49, 24 February 2019 (UTC)

::::::It has been a month now, none seem to be interested. I maintain multiple communities on the subject, whose members include figures like H. K. Fauskanger, Roman Rausch, and many others. And I believe that I speak on behalf of all when I say that the page needs serious and immediate revision, which is hopefully enough in the absence of other editors. But as you do not allow destructive edits, I can provide constructive ones instead, going over each section and updating them with information from latest publications like PE22. I had chosen the former because this update can also become obsolete with a new publication, but it would be far less likely since the amount of information that we now have is far greater than what we had in the early 2000s (i.e. the era from which the page derives its outdated information). If the upcoming changes are not agreeable to you, you can revert them back again.

:::::: — [[User:Elaran|Elaran]] 16:15, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

== Dunedain of Arnor? ==

What is the history of this language among the Northern Dunedain? Was it still used by the Northern Dunedain by the time of the War of the Ring? Sources?--[[Special:Contributions/72.141.101.9|72.141.101.9]] 15:41, 29 April 2020 (UTC)