https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=88.121.55.128Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2026-06-14T09:39:24ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.1https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Round_World_version_of_the_legendarium&diff=316051Talk:Round World version of the legendarium2020-06-25T20:19:00Z<p>88.121.55.128: </p>
<hr />
<div>"This version emerged in writings from 1958-1960"<br />
Are you sure of that ? <br />
<br />
HOME 10 foreword of Ainulindalë : "as will be seen in a moment there is certain evidence that the text C* was in existence by 1948. "<br />
<br />
Should not be "1948-1950" ?<br />
<br />
:This article is about the revision of the whole Silmarillion that was intended in later writings. Like explained in the article, the Ainulindale C* was an experimental text that was rejected and had no impact in the Legendarium at that moment. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 15:17, 23 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
But the Ainulindalë C*, where the new conception emerged is about 1946-48 it seems, so this conception emerged before 1958. I don't understand why theses dates have been chosen for the "emerge time"<br />
<br />
sorry, i'm not from english culture, so may be I don't understand what is really meaning.<br />
<br />
You can forget my last talk :)<br />
<br />
Nonetheless, the description of this conception (Arda = solar system, no lamps, moon wrought from a piece of earth...) is what we can found in the Ainulindalë C*<br />
<br />
I only found one second text where these this other version : the Myths transformed # 2 in the Home 10 (with a brief mention in the fifth).<br />
<br />
But the article says : "The Round World version is one of the variants of J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium, published in the final volume'''S''' of The History of Middle-earth. "<br />
<br />
Is there other texts in other HOME ?<br />
<br />
If not, it should be more precise to say : "The Round World version is one of the variants of J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium, treated in the second text of the Myths Transformed, published in the HOME 10"<br />
Shouldn't it ?</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ambarkanta_maps&diff=315820Ambarkanta maps2020-06-20T19:32:28Z<p>88.121.55.128: /* Diagram I */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''''Ambarkanta'' maps''' refer to a set of five maps and diagrams drawn by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and associated with his work "[[Ambarkanta|''Ambarkanta'': The Shape of the World]]" (a text attributed to [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]). The maps were reproduced in ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' ([[1986]]).<br />
<br />
===Diagram I===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map I.jpg|thumb|Diagram I]]<br />
Diagram I of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the [[Changing of the World]], from West to East and from zenith to nadir. The great mass of land making up much of [[Arda]] is named here as '''[[Ambar]]''', the earth. The farthest reaches of Ambar are designated ''[[Númen]]'' and ''[[Rómen]]'', West and East. The central landmass of Ambar is here named '''[[Middle-earth|Pelmar]]''' as well as ''Ambarendya''. The midmost point is named ''[[Endor]]''. To the [[Belegaer|west]] and [[East Sea|east]] of the central landmass is written '''Ear''', the seas. Spanning from the west shore of the west sea to the east shore of the east sea is '''[[Vista]]''', the lower airs. In these airs is written ''Aiwenore'', "Bird-land", and above it is ''Fanyamar'', "Cloud-home". Above Vista and all around Ambar is '''[[Ilmen]]''', the upper airs. These can be seen to cover the lands of [[Aman]] and the [[Uttermost East]], spanning also beneath '''[[Martalmar]]''', the roots of the Earth. Written in the span of Ilmen are its other names, ''Tinwë-mallë'' and ''Elenarda'', meaning "Star-street" and "Stellar Kingdom" respectively. Surrounding all of Ambar is '''[[Vaiya]]''', the [[Ekkaia|Encircling Seas]]. Beyond Vaiya there is only '''Kúma''' and '''Ava-Kúma''', the near and outer [[Void]]. Separating Vaiya from Kúma are the '''[[Ilurambar]]''', the Walls of the World pierced at Ando Lómen, the '''[[Door of Night]]''' in the West. At the very bottom of the diagram is written '''Ilu''', an early name for the world of Arda.<ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}}<br />
The letter big A in the middle is of obscure significance and written over an erasure.<br />
<br />
Much later, some penciled changes and additions give ''Earambar'' for '''[[Ilurambar]]''', ''[[Hidden Half]]'' right under '''[[Martalmar]]''' and Arda for '''Ilu''' in the title. Penciled notes at the right-hand corner bottom corner is too faint to make out after the words "Alter story of Sun" ; that on the left reads : "Make world always a globe but larger than now. Mountains of East and West prevent anyone from going to Hidden Half". <ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}} This certainly refers to the "round world" concept found in Ainulindalë C* in HOME X.<br />
<br />
===Diagram II===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram II.jpg|thumb|Diagram II]]<br />
Diagram II of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the Changing of the World, from North to South. Once again, '''Ambar''' is shown to consist of '''Endor''' at its upper regions and '''Martalmar''' in its lowermost depths. '''Vista''' covers Endor from the north to south, with '''Ilmen''' surrounding all of Ambar, though much less so in the north and south than in the west and east as shown before. '''Vaiya''' encircles all the world of '''Ilu''', separated from '''Kúma''' by the '''Earambar'''. To the farthest reaches of either end of the world there is written ''[[Formen]]'' and '''[[Hyarmen|Harmen]]''', North and South.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|244 - 245}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Diagram III===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram III.jpg|thumb|Diagram III]]<br />
Diagram III of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda after the Changing of the World. Here the entirety of '''Ambar''' is made round: the '''Old Lands''' of the flat Arda now make up one half of Arda made round, and the '''New Lands''' are made to form Arda's other half. '''Vista''' becomes the lower atmospheres, while '''Ilmen''' becomes the upper atmospheres and the regions of outer space. '''Valinor''' and '''Eressëa''' are shown here to dwell within Ilmen. Beyond Ilmen there is still '''Vaiya''', and the voids beyond it. Passing away from the curvature of the earth and into Valinor within Ilmen is the '''[[Straight Road|Straight Path]]'''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|246 - 247}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Map IV===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map IV.jpg|thumb|Map IV]]<br />
Map IV of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]] and before the [[War for the Sake of the Elves]]. The waters and airs of '''Vaiya''' and '''Ilmen''' can be seen encircling the lands, with the '''[[Chasm of Ilmen]]''' separating the earth from Vaiya. In the region designated ''"West - Númen"'' lies '''Valinor''', and the city of '''[[Valmar]]'''. The far northeast and southeast regions of Valinor are named here as '''[[Araman|Eruman]]''' and '''[[Avathar|Arvalin]]'''. Along the coasts is written ''Westland or Westerness''. In the middle of Valinor on the east coast is the city of '''[[Tirion|Tún]]''', near to the mountain of '''[[Taniquetil|Taniqetil]]'''. Running to the north and south of Taniquentil are the '''[[Pelóri|Mountains of Valinor]]''', and on the coast of the '''Bay of Elfland''' is ''Eldaros (Elvenhome)''. A string of islands called '''[[Enchanted Isles|The Enchanted Magic Isles]]''' and the '''Shadowy Isles''' lie to the east of Valinor within the '''Belegaer or Great West Sea'''.<br />
<br />
Valinor is separated by '''Pelmar''' or '''Middle-earth''' in the east by the '''Straits of Ice''' in the south and the '''[[Helcaraxë|Helkarakse]]''' in the north. In the very northernmost regions of Middle-earth near to the Helkarakse is '''[[Falas|Falasse]]''', the western coast of '''[[Beleriand]]'''. Running along the northern regions of Middle-earth are the '''[[Iron Mountains]]''', barring '''[[Utumno|Utumna]]''' from the rest of the world. On Beleriand's eastern borders run the '''[[Blue Mountains]]''', mirrored on Middle-earth's eastern side across the ''Northlands'' by the '''[[Orocarni|Red Mountains]]'''. In the south of the Northlands between the Blue and Red Mountains lies the '''[[Sea of Helcar|Sea of Helkar]]''', and on its eastern end there is '''[[Cuiviénen|Kuivienen]]'''. In the very center of Ambar near the west of the ''Mid-land'' there is written ''Earth-middle'' and ''Endor''. East of the Mid-land are the '''[[Mountains of the Wind]]''', the western border of '''[[Hildórien]]'''. In the ''Southland'' of Middle-earth is the '''[[Sea of Ringil]]''', between the '''[[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains]]''' in the west and the '''[[Yellow Mountains]]''' in the east. The southernmost point of Middle-earth is marked ''South'' and ''Harmen''.<br />
<br />
To the east of Middle-earth are the '''[[Uttermost East|Lands of the Sun]]''', called also the ''Eastlands or Easterness''. Separating the two continents is the '''East Sea''', two more Straits of Ice lying at the northernmost and southernmost ends. In these lands lie the '''[[Walls of the Sun|Mountains or Walls of the Sun]]'''. The farthest east point of Ambar is designated ''"East - Rómen"''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|248 - 249}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
===Map V===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map V.png|thumb|Map V]]<br />
Map V of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the War for the Sake of the Elves and before the Changing of the World. Surrounding the lands of Arda are the '''Outer Seas''' of ''Utgarsecg''', the Old English name of Vaiya. Here '''Aman''' and the '''Outer Lands (Valinor)''' are shown again in the west of the world, with the regions of '''Araman''' in the north and '''Arvalin''' in the south. A little south of Araman are the havens of '''[[Alqualondë|Alflon]]'''. In the center regions of Aman are the '''[[Two Trees]]''', '''Tún''', '''Valmar''', and '''Taniquetil'''. To the east of the shores of Valinor lies the '''Bay of Faery'''. At its northernmost point, the lands of Aman are still linked to the '''Hither Lands''' by the '''Helkaraksë''', leading across the northern regions of '''Belegar''' the ''Great Seas''. Given here also is the Great Sea's Old English name ''Ingarsecg''.<br />
<br />
In this map, details of the lands of '''Beleriand''' can now be seen. The lands of '''[[Hithlum]]''' and the fortress of '''[[Angband]]''' and '''[[Thangorodrim]]''' lie to the north near '''[[Dor Daedeloth|Daidelos]]''', the northern wastes. Dividing the northern and southern regions of Middle-earth is the '''[[Great Gulf]]''' (possibly named here also as ''Belegorn''), with the '''[[Straits of the World]]''' linking the Gulf to the '''Inland Sea'''. <br />
<br />
To the southwest of the world lie the '''[[Dark Land|Dark Land (South Land)]]''', separated from Middle-earth by the expanded '''East Sea'''. In the far east of the world lie the '''Burnt Lands of the Sun''', along with the '''Walls of the Sun''' near to the western shores.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|250 - 251}}<br />
<br />
==Later Details==<br />
In ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' ([[1987]]), [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided additional, redrawn versions of the regions of the furthest North in Map V, in order to "enlarge and clarify..., adding letters to make references to it plainer." Here can be seen the closeness of '''Hithlum''' and the '''Helkaraksë''' to the '''Chasm of Ilmen''' at the edge of the world. Also shown is the river '''[[Sirion]]''' and the firth of '''[[Drengist]]''' cutting into the mountains of Hithlum. Not far to the northeast of Hithlum lies '''Angband''' and '''Thangorodrim''', and to Hithlum's southeast lies the realm of '''[[Dorthonion]]''' and the hidden city of '''[[Gondolin]]'''.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 270 - 271</ref> <br />
<gallery><br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 1.jpg|Christoper Tolkien's First Map<br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 2.jpg|Christopher Tolkien's Second Map<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{maps}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ambarkanta'' maps}}<br />
[[Category:Maps of Arda]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram I]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram II]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram III]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map IV]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map V]]</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ambarkanta_maps&diff=315819Ambarkanta maps2020-06-20T19:30:41Z<p>88.121.55.128: /* Diagram I */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''''Ambarkanta'' maps''' refer to a set of five maps and diagrams drawn by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and associated with his work "[[Ambarkanta|''Ambarkanta'': The Shape of the World]]" (a text attributed to [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]). The maps were reproduced in ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' ([[1986]]).<br />
<br />
===Diagram I===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map I.jpg|thumb|Diagram I]]<br />
Diagram I of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the [[Changing of the World]], from West to East and from zenith to nadir. The great mass of land making up much of [[Arda]] is named here as '''[[Ambar]]''', the earth. The farthest reaches of Ambar are designated ''[[Númen]]'' and ''[[Rómen]]'', West and East. The central landmass of Ambar is here named '''[[Middle-earth|Pelmar]]''' as well as ''Ambarendya''. The midmost point is named ''[[Endor]]''. To the [[Belegaer|west]] and [[East Sea|east]] of the central landmass is written '''Ear''', the seas. Spanning from the west shore of the west sea to the east shore of the east sea is '''[[Vista]]''', the lower airs. In these airs is written ''Aiwenore'', "Bird-land", and above it is ''Fanyamar'', "Cloud-home". Above Vista and all around Ambar is '''[[Ilmen]]''', the upper airs. These can be seen to cover the lands of [[Aman]] and the [[Uttermost East]], spanning also beneath '''[[Martalmar]]''', the roots of the Earth. Written in the span of Ilmen are its other names, ''Tinwë-mallë'' and ''Elenarda'', meaning "Star-street" and "Stellar Kingdom" respectively. Surrounding all of Ambar is '''[[Vaiya]]''', the [[Ekkaia|Encircling Seas]]. Beyond Vaiya there is only '''Kúma''' and '''Ava-Kúma''', the near and outer [[Void]]. Separating Vaiya from Kúma are the '''[[Ilurambar]]''', the Walls of the World pierced at Ando Lómen, le '''[[Door of Night]]'''. At the very bottom of the diagram is written '''Ilu''', an early name for the world of Arda.<ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}}<br />
The letter big A in the middle is of obscure significance and written over an erasure.<br />
<br />
Much later, some penciled changes and additions give ''Earambar'' for '''[[Ilurambar]]''', ''[[Hidden Half]]'' right under '''[[Martalmar]]''' and Arda for '''Ilu''' in the title. Penciled notes at the right-hand corner bottom corner is too faint to make out after the words "Alter story of Sun" ; that on the left reads : "Make world always a globe but larger than now. Mountains of East and West prevent anyone from going to Hidden Half". <ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}} This certainly refers to the "round world" concept found in Ainulindalë C* in HOME X.<br />
<br />
===Diagram II===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram II.jpg|thumb|Diagram II]]<br />
Diagram II of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the Changing of the World, from North to South. Once again, '''Ambar''' is shown to consist of '''Endor''' at its upper regions and '''Martalmar''' in its lowermost depths. '''Vista''' covers Endor from the north to south, with '''Ilmen''' surrounding all of Ambar, though much less so in the north and south than in the west and east as shown before. '''Vaiya''' encircles all the world of '''Ilu''', separated from '''Kúma''' by the '''Earambar'''. To the farthest reaches of either end of the world there is written ''[[Formen]]'' and '''[[Hyarmen|Harmen]]''', North and South.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|244 - 245}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Diagram III===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram III.jpg|thumb|Diagram III]]<br />
Diagram III of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda after the Changing of the World. Here the entirety of '''Ambar''' is made round: the '''Old Lands''' of the flat Arda now make up one half of Arda made round, and the '''New Lands''' are made to form Arda's other half. '''Vista''' becomes the lower atmospheres, while '''Ilmen''' becomes the upper atmospheres and the regions of outer space. '''Valinor''' and '''Eressëa''' are shown here to dwell within Ilmen. Beyond Ilmen there is still '''Vaiya''', and the voids beyond it. Passing away from the curvature of the earth and into Valinor within Ilmen is the '''[[Straight Road|Straight Path]]'''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|246 - 247}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Map IV===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map IV.jpg|thumb|Map IV]]<br />
Map IV of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]] and before the [[War for the Sake of the Elves]]. The waters and airs of '''Vaiya''' and '''Ilmen''' can be seen encircling the lands, with the '''[[Chasm of Ilmen]]''' separating the earth from Vaiya. In the region designated ''"West - Númen"'' lies '''Valinor''', and the city of '''[[Valmar]]'''. The far northeast and southeast regions of Valinor are named here as '''[[Araman|Eruman]]''' and '''[[Avathar|Arvalin]]'''. Along the coasts is written ''Westland or Westerness''. In the middle of Valinor on the east coast is the city of '''[[Tirion|Tún]]''', near to the mountain of '''[[Taniquetil|Taniqetil]]'''. Running to the north and south of Taniquentil are the '''[[Pelóri|Mountains of Valinor]]''', and on the coast of the '''Bay of Elfland''' is ''Eldaros (Elvenhome)''. A string of islands called '''[[Enchanted Isles|The Enchanted Magic Isles]]''' and the '''Shadowy Isles''' lie to the east of Valinor within the '''Belegaer or Great West Sea'''.<br />
<br />
Valinor is separated by '''Pelmar''' or '''Middle-earth''' in the east by the '''Straits of Ice''' in the south and the '''[[Helcaraxë|Helkarakse]]''' in the north. In the very northernmost regions of Middle-earth near to the Helkarakse is '''[[Falas|Falasse]]''', the western coast of '''[[Beleriand]]'''. Running along the northern regions of Middle-earth are the '''[[Iron Mountains]]''', barring '''[[Utumno|Utumna]]''' from the rest of the world. On Beleriand's eastern borders run the '''[[Blue Mountains]]''', mirrored on Middle-earth's eastern side across the ''Northlands'' by the '''[[Orocarni|Red Mountains]]'''. In the south of the Northlands between the Blue and Red Mountains lies the '''[[Sea of Helcar|Sea of Helkar]]''', and on its eastern end there is '''[[Cuiviénen|Kuivienen]]'''. In the very center of Ambar near the west of the ''Mid-land'' there is written ''Earth-middle'' and ''Endor''. East of the Mid-land are the '''[[Mountains of the Wind]]''', the western border of '''[[Hildórien]]'''. In the ''Southland'' of Middle-earth is the '''[[Sea of Ringil]]''', between the '''[[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains]]''' in the west and the '''[[Yellow Mountains]]''' in the east. The southernmost point of Middle-earth is marked ''South'' and ''Harmen''.<br />
<br />
To the east of Middle-earth are the '''[[Uttermost East|Lands of the Sun]]''', called also the ''Eastlands or Easterness''. Separating the two continents is the '''East Sea''', two more Straits of Ice lying at the northernmost and southernmost ends. In these lands lie the '''[[Walls of the Sun|Mountains or Walls of the Sun]]'''. The farthest east point of Ambar is designated ''"East - Rómen"''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|248 - 249}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
===Map V===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map V.png|thumb|Map V]]<br />
Map V of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the War for the Sake of the Elves and before the Changing of the World. Surrounding the lands of Arda are the '''Outer Seas''' of ''Utgarsecg''', the Old English name of Vaiya. Here '''Aman''' and the '''Outer Lands (Valinor)''' are shown again in the west of the world, with the regions of '''Araman''' in the north and '''Arvalin''' in the south. A little south of Araman are the havens of '''[[Alqualondë|Alflon]]'''. In the center regions of Aman are the '''[[Two Trees]]''', '''Tún''', '''Valmar''', and '''Taniquetil'''. To the east of the shores of Valinor lies the '''Bay of Faery'''. At its northernmost point, the lands of Aman are still linked to the '''Hither Lands''' by the '''Helkaraksë''', leading across the northern regions of '''Belegar''' the ''Great Seas''. Given here also is the Great Sea's Old English name ''Ingarsecg''.<br />
<br />
In this map, details of the lands of '''Beleriand''' can now be seen. The lands of '''[[Hithlum]]''' and the fortress of '''[[Angband]]''' and '''[[Thangorodrim]]''' lie to the north near '''[[Dor Daedeloth|Daidelos]]''', the northern wastes. Dividing the northern and southern regions of Middle-earth is the '''[[Great Gulf]]''' (possibly named here also as ''Belegorn''), with the '''[[Straits of the World]]''' linking the Gulf to the '''Inland Sea'''. <br />
<br />
To the southwest of the world lie the '''[[Dark Land|Dark Land (South Land)]]''', separated from Middle-earth by the expanded '''East Sea'''. In the far east of the world lie the '''Burnt Lands of the Sun''', along with the '''Walls of the Sun''' near to the western shores.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|250 - 251}}<br />
<br />
==Later Details==<br />
In ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' ([[1987]]), [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided additional, redrawn versions of the regions of the furthest North in Map V, in order to "enlarge and clarify..., adding letters to make references to it plainer." Here can be seen the closeness of '''Hithlum''' and the '''Helkaraksë''' to the '''Chasm of Ilmen''' at the edge of the world. Also shown is the river '''[[Sirion]]''' and the firth of '''[[Drengist]]''' cutting into the mountains of Hithlum. Not far to the northeast of Hithlum lies '''Angband''' and '''Thangorodrim''', and to Hithlum's southeast lies the realm of '''[[Dorthonion]]''' and the hidden city of '''[[Gondolin]]'''.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 270 - 271</ref> <br />
<gallery><br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 1.jpg|Christoper Tolkien's First Map<br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 2.jpg|Christopher Tolkien's Second Map<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{maps}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ambarkanta'' maps}}<br />
[[Category:Maps of Arda]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram I]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram II]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram III]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map IV]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map V]]</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ambarkanta_maps&diff=315812Ambarkanta maps2020-06-20T19:24:09Z<p>88.121.55.128: /* Diagram I */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''''Ambarkanta'' maps''' refer to a set of five maps and diagrams drawn by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and associated with his work "[[Ambarkanta|''Ambarkanta'': The Shape of the World]]" (a text attributed to [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]). The maps were reproduced in ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' ([[1986]]).<br />
<br />
===Diagram I===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map I.jpg|thumb|Diagram I]]<br />
Diagram I of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the [[Changing of the World]], from West to East and from zenith to nadir. The great mass of land making up much of [[Arda]] is named here as '''[[Ambar]]''', the earth. The farthest reaches of Ambar are designated ''[[Númen]]'' and ''[[Rómen]]'', West and East. The central landmass of Ambar is here named '''[[Middle-earth|Pelmar]]''' as well as ''Ambarendya''. The midmost point is named ''[[Endor]]''. To the [[Belegaer|west]] and [[East Sea|east]] of the central landmass is written '''Ear''', the seas. Spanning from the west shore of the west sea to the east shore of the east sea is '''[[Vista]]''', the lower airs. In these airs is written ''Aiwenore'', "Bird-land", and above it is ''Fanyamar'', "Cloud-home". Above Vista and all around Ambar is '''[[Ilmen]]''', the upper airs. These can be seen to cover the lands of [[Aman]] and the [[Uttermost East]], spanning also beneath '''[[Martalmar]]''', the roots of the Earth. Written in the span of Ilmen are its other names, ''Tinwë-mallë'' and ''Elenarda'', meaning "Star-street" and "Stellar Kingdom" respectively. Surrounding all of Ambar is '''[[Vaiya]]''', the [[Ekkaia|Encircling Seas]]. Beyond Vaiya there is only '''Kúma''' and '''Ava-Kúma''', the near and outer [[Void]]. Separating Vaiya from Kúma are the '''[[Ilurambar]]''', the Walls of the World. At the very bottom of the diagram is written '''Ilu''', an early name for the world of Arda.<ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}}<br />
The letter big A in the middle is of obscure significance and written over an erasure.<br />
<br />
Much later, some penciled changes and additions give ''Earambar'' for '''[[Ilurambar]]''', ''[[Hidden Half]]'' right under '''[[Martalmar]]''' and Arda for '''Ilu''' in the title. Penciled notes at the right-hand corner bottom corner is too faint to make out after the words "Alter story of Sun" ; that on the left reads : "Make world always a globe but larger than now. Mountains of East and West prevent anyone from going to Hidden Half". <ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}} This certainly refers to the "round world" concept found in Ainulindalë C* in HOME X.<br />
<br />
===Diagram II===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram II.jpg|thumb|Diagram II]]<br />
Diagram II of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the Changing of the World, from North to South. Once again, '''Ambar''' is shown to consist of '''Endor''' at its upper regions and '''Martalmar''' in its lowermost depths. '''Vista''' covers Endor from the north to south, with '''Ilmen''' surrounding all of Ambar, though much less so in the north and south than in the west and east as shown before. '''Vaiya''' encircles all the world of '''Ilu''', separated from '''Kúma''' by the '''Earambar'''. To the farthest reaches of either end of the world there is written ''[[Formen]]'' and '''[[Hyarmen|Harmen]]''', North and South.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|244 - 245}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Diagram III===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram III.jpg|thumb|Diagram III]]<br />
Diagram III of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda after the Changing of the World. Here the entirety of '''Ambar''' is made round: the '''Old Lands''' of the flat Arda now make up one half of Arda made round, and the '''New Lands''' are made to form Arda's other half. '''Vista''' becomes the lower atmospheres, while '''Ilmen''' becomes the upper atmospheres and the regions of outer space. '''Valinor''' and '''Eressëa''' are shown here to dwell within Ilmen. Beyond Ilmen there is still '''Vaiya''', and the voids beyond it. Passing away from the curvature of the earth and into Valinor within Ilmen is the '''[[Straight Road|Straight Path]]'''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|246 - 247}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Map IV===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map IV.jpg|thumb|Map IV]]<br />
Map IV of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]] and before the [[War for the Sake of the Elves]]. The waters and airs of '''Vaiya''' and '''Ilmen''' can be seen encircling the lands, with the '''[[Chasm of Ilmen]]''' separating the earth from Vaiya. In the region designated ''"West - Númen"'' lies '''Valinor''', and the city of '''[[Valmar]]'''. The far northeast and southeast regions of Valinor are named here as '''[[Araman|Eruman]]''' and '''[[Avathar|Arvalin]]'''. Along the coasts is written ''Westland or Westerness''. In the middle of Valinor on the east coast is the city of '''[[Tirion|Tún]]''', near to the mountain of '''[[Taniquetil|Taniqetil]]'''. Running to the north and south of Taniquentil are the '''[[Pelóri|Mountains of Valinor]]''', and on the coast of the '''Bay of Elfland''' is ''Eldaros (Elvenhome)''. A string of islands called '''[[Enchanted Isles|The Enchanted Magic Isles]]''' and the '''Shadowy Isles''' lie to the east of Valinor within the '''Belegaer or Great West Sea'''.<br />
<br />
Valinor is separated by '''Pelmar''' or '''Middle-earth''' in the east by the '''Straits of Ice''' in the south and the '''[[Helcaraxë|Helkarakse]]''' in the north. In the very northernmost regions of Middle-earth near to the Helkarakse is '''[[Falas|Falasse]]''', the western coast of '''[[Beleriand]]'''. Running along the northern regions of Middle-earth are the '''[[Iron Mountains]]''', barring '''[[Utumno|Utumna]]''' from the rest of the world. On Beleriand's eastern borders run the '''[[Blue Mountains]]''', mirrored on Middle-earth's eastern side across the ''Northlands'' by the '''[[Orocarni|Red Mountains]]'''. In the south of the Northlands between the Blue and Red Mountains lies the '''[[Sea of Helcar|Sea of Helkar]]''', and on its eastern end there is '''[[Cuiviénen|Kuivienen]]'''. In the very center of Ambar near the west of the ''Mid-land'' there is written ''Earth-middle'' and ''Endor''. East of the Mid-land are the '''[[Mountains of the Wind]]''', the western border of '''[[Hildórien]]'''. In the ''Southland'' of Middle-earth is the '''[[Sea of Ringil]]''', between the '''[[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains]]''' in the west and the '''[[Yellow Mountains]]''' in the east. The southernmost point of Middle-earth is marked ''South'' and ''Harmen''.<br />
<br />
To the east of Middle-earth are the '''[[Uttermost East|Lands of the Sun]]''', called also the ''Eastlands or Easterness''. Separating the two continents is the '''East Sea''', two more Straits of Ice lying at the northernmost and southernmost ends. In these lands lie the '''[[Walls of the Sun|Mountains or Walls of the Sun]]'''. The farthest east point of Ambar is designated ''"East - Rómen"''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|248 - 249}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
===Map V===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map V.png|thumb|Map V]]<br />
Map V of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the War for the Sake of the Elves and before the Changing of the World. Surrounding the lands of Arda are the '''Outer Seas''' of ''Utgarsecg''', the Old English name of Vaiya. Here '''Aman''' and the '''Outer Lands (Valinor)''' are shown again in the west of the world, with the regions of '''Araman''' in the north and '''Arvalin''' in the south. A little south of Araman are the havens of '''[[Alqualondë|Alflon]]'''. In the center regions of Aman are the '''[[Two Trees]]''', '''Tún''', '''Valmar''', and '''Taniquetil'''. To the east of the shores of Valinor lies the '''Bay of Faery'''. At its northernmost point, the lands of Aman are still linked to the '''Hither Lands''' by the '''Helkaraksë''', leading across the northern regions of '''Belegar''' the ''Great Seas''. Given here also is the Great Sea's Old English name ''Ingarsecg''.<br />
<br />
In this map, details of the lands of '''Beleriand''' can now be seen. The lands of '''[[Hithlum]]''' and the fortress of '''[[Angband]]''' and '''[[Thangorodrim]]''' lie to the north near '''[[Dor Daedeloth|Daidelos]]''', the northern wastes. Dividing the northern and southern regions of Middle-earth is the '''[[Great Gulf]]''' (possibly named here also as ''Belegorn''), with the '''[[Straits of the World]]''' linking the Gulf to the '''Inland Sea'''. <br />
<br />
To the southwest of the world lie the '''[[Dark Land|Dark Land (South Land)]]''', separated from Middle-earth by the expanded '''East Sea'''. In the far east of the world lie the '''Burnt Lands of the Sun''', along with the '''Walls of the Sun''' near to the western shores.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|250 - 251}}<br />
<br />
==Later Details==<br />
In ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' ([[1987]]), [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided additional, redrawn versions of the regions of the furthest North in Map V, in order to "enlarge and clarify..., adding letters to make references to it plainer." Here can be seen the closeness of '''Hithlum''' and the '''Helkaraksë''' to the '''Chasm of Ilmen''' at the edge of the world. Also shown is the river '''[[Sirion]]''' and the firth of '''[[Drengist]]''' cutting into the mountains of Hithlum. Not far to the northeast of Hithlum lies '''Angband''' and '''Thangorodrim''', and to Hithlum's southeast lies the realm of '''[[Dorthonion]]''' and the hidden city of '''[[Gondolin]]'''.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 270 - 271</ref> <br />
<gallery><br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 1.jpg|Christoper Tolkien's First Map<br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 2.jpg|Christopher Tolkien's Second Map<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{maps}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ambarkanta'' maps}}<br />
[[Category:Maps of Arda]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram I]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram II]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram III]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map IV]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map V]]</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ambarkanta_maps&diff=315811Ambarkanta maps2020-06-20T19:23:34Z<p>88.121.55.128: /* Diagram I */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''''Ambarkanta'' maps''' refer to a set of five maps and diagrams drawn by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and associated with his work "[[Ambarkanta|''Ambarkanta'': The Shape of the World]]" (a text attributed to [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]). The maps were reproduced in ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' ([[1986]]).<br />
<br />
===Diagram I===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map I.jpg|thumb|Diagram I]]<br />
Diagram I of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the [[Changing of the World]], from West to East and from zenith to nadir. The great mass of land making up much of [[Arda]] is named here as '''[[Ambar]]''', the earth. The farthest reaches of Ambar are designated ''[[Númen]]'' and ''[[Rómen]]'', West and East. The central landmass of Ambar is here named '''[[Middle-earth|Pelmar]]''' as well as ''Ambarendya''. The midmost point is named ''[[Endor]]''. To the [[Belegaer|west]] and [[East Sea|east]] of the central landmass is written '''Ear''', the seas. Spanning from the west shore of the west sea to the east shore of the east sea is '''[[Vista]]''', the lower airs. In these airs is written ''Aiwenore'', "Bird-land", and above it is ''Fanyamar'', "Cloud-home". Above Vista and all around Ambar is '''[[Ilmen]]''', the upper airs. These can be seen to cover the lands of [[Aman]] and the [[Uttermost East]], spanning also beneath '''[[Martalmar]]''', the roots of the Earth. Written in the span of Ilmen are its other names, ''Tinwë-mallë'' and ''Elenarda'', meaning "Star-street" and "Stellar Kingdom" respectively. Surrounding all of Ambar is '''[[Vaiya]]''', the [[Ekkaia|Encircling Seas]]. Beyond Vaiya there is only '''Kúma''' and '''Ava-Kúma''', the near and outer [[Void]]. Separating Vaiya from Kúma are the '''[[Ilurambar]]''', the Walls of the World. At the very bottom of the diagram is written '''Ilu''', an early name for the world of Arda.<ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}}<br />
The letter big A is of obscure significance and writtent over an erasure.<br />
<br />
Much later, some penciled changes and additions give ''Earambar'' for '''[[Ilurambar]]''', ''[[Hidden Half]]'' right under '''[[Martalmar]]''' and Arda for '''Ilu''' in the title. Penciled notes at the right-hand corner bottom corner is too faint to make out after the words "Alter story of Sun" ; that on the left reads : "Make world always a globe but larger than now. Mountains of East and West prevent anyone from going to Hidden Half". <ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}} This certainly refers to the "round world" concept found in Ainulindalë C* in HOME X.<br />
<br />
===Diagram II===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram II.jpg|thumb|Diagram II]]<br />
Diagram II of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the Changing of the World, from North to South. Once again, '''Ambar''' is shown to consist of '''Endor''' at its upper regions and '''Martalmar''' in its lowermost depths. '''Vista''' covers Endor from the north to south, with '''Ilmen''' surrounding all of Ambar, though much less so in the north and south than in the west and east as shown before. '''Vaiya''' encircles all the world of '''Ilu''', separated from '''Kúma''' by the '''Earambar'''. To the farthest reaches of either end of the world there is written ''[[Formen]]'' and '''[[Hyarmen|Harmen]]''', North and South.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|244 - 245}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Diagram III===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram III.jpg|thumb|Diagram III]]<br />
Diagram III of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda after the Changing of the World. Here the entirety of '''Ambar''' is made round: the '''Old Lands''' of the flat Arda now make up one half of Arda made round, and the '''New Lands''' are made to form Arda's other half. '''Vista''' becomes the lower atmospheres, while '''Ilmen''' becomes the upper atmospheres and the regions of outer space. '''Valinor''' and '''Eressëa''' are shown here to dwell within Ilmen. Beyond Ilmen there is still '''Vaiya''', and the voids beyond it. Passing away from the curvature of the earth and into Valinor within Ilmen is the '''[[Straight Road|Straight Path]]'''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|246 - 247}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Map IV===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map IV.jpg|thumb|Map IV]]<br />
Map IV of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]] and before the [[War for the Sake of the Elves]]. The waters and airs of '''Vaiya''' and '''Ilmen''' can be seen encircling the lands, with the '''[[Chasm of Ilmen]]''' separating the earth from Vaiya. In the region designated ''"West - Númen"'' lies '''Valinor''', and the city of '''[[Valmar]]'''. The far northeast and southeast regions of Valinor are named here as '''[[Araman|Eruman]]''' and '''[[Avathar|Arvalin]]'''. Along the coasts is written ''Westland or Westerness''. In the middle of Valinor on the east coast is the city of '''[[Tirion|Tún]]''', near to the mountain of '''[[Taniquetil|Taniqetil]]'''. Running to the north and south of Taniquentil are the '''[[Pelóri|Mountains of Valinor]]''', and on the coast of the '''Bay of Elfland''' is ''Eldaros (Elvenhome)''. A string of islands called '''[[Enchanted Isles|The Enchanted Magic Isles]]''' and the '''Shadowy Isles''' lie to the east of Valinor within the '''Belegaer or Great West Sea'''.<br />
<br />
Valinor is separated by '''Pelmar''' or '''Middle-earth''' in the east by the '''Straits of Ice''' in the south and the '''[[Helcaraxë|Helkarakse]]''' in the north. In the very northernmost regions of Middle-earth near to the Helkarakse is '''[[Falas|Falasse]]''', the western coast of '''[[Beleriand]]'''. Running along the northern regions of Middle-earth are the '''[[Iron Mountains]]''', barring '''[[Utumno|Utumna]]''' from the rest of the world. On Beleriand's eastern borders run the '''[[Blue Mountains]]''', mirrored on Middle-earth's eastern side across the ''Northlands'' by the '''[[Orocarni|Red Mountains]]'''. In the south of the Northlands between the Blue and Red Mountains lies the '''[[Sea of Helcar|Sea of Helkar]]''', and on its eastern end there is '''[[Cuiviénen|Kuivienen]]'''. In the very center of Ambar near the west of the ''Mid-land'' there is written ''Earth-middle'' and ''Endor''. East of the Mid-land are the '''[[Mountains of the Wind]]''', the western border of '''[[Hildórien]]'''. In the ''Southland'' of Middle-earth is the '''[[Sea of Ringil]]''', between the '''[[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains]]''' in the west and the '''[[Yellow Mountains]]''' in the east. The southernmost point of Middle-earth is marked ''South'' and ''Harmen''.<br />
<br />
To the east of Middle-earth are the '''[[Uttermost East|Lands of the Sun]]''', called also the ''Eastlands or Easterness''. Separating the two continents is the '''East Sea''', two more Straits of Ice lying at the northernmost and southernmost ends. In these lands lie the '''[[Walls of the Sun|Mountains or Walls of the Sun]]'''. The farthest east point of Ambar is designated ''"East - Rómen"''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|248 - 249}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
===Map V===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map V.png|thumb|Map V]]<br />
Map V of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the War for the Sake of the Elves and before the Changing of the World. Surrounding the lands of Arda are the '''Outer Seas''' of ''Utgarsecg''', the Old English name of Vaiya. Here '''Aman''' and the '''Outer Lands (Valinor)''' are shown again in the west of the world, with the regions of '''Araman''' in the north and '''Arvalin''' in the south. A little south of Araman are the havens of '''[[Alqualondë|Alflon]]'''. In the center regions of Aman are the '''[[Two Trees]]''', '''Tún''', '''Valmar''', and '''Taniquetil'''. To the east of the shores of Valinor lies the '''Bay of Faery'''. At its northernmost point, the lands of Aman are still linked to the '''Hither Lands''' by the '''Helkaraksë''', leading across the northern regions of '''Belegar''' the ''Great Seas''. Given here also is the Great Sea's Old English name ''Ingarsecg''.<br />
<br />
In this map, details of the lands of '''Beleriand''' can now be seen. The lands of '''[[Hithlum]]''' and the fortress of '''[[Angband]]''' and '''[[Thangorodrim]]''' lie to the north near '''[[Dor Daedeloth|Daidelos]]''', the northern wastes. Dividing the northern and southern regions of Middle-earth is the '''[[Great Gulf]]''' (possibly named here also as ''Belegorn''), with the '''[[Straits of the World]]''' linking the Gulf to the '''Inland Sea'''. <br />
<br />
To the southwest of the world lie the '''[[Dark Land|Dark Land (South Land)]]''', separated from Middle-earth by the expanded '''East Sea'''. In the far east of the world lie the '''Burnt Lands of the Sun''', along with the '''Walls of the Sun''' near to the western shores.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|250 - 251}}<br />
<br />
==Later Details==<br />
In ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' ([[1987]]), [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided additional, redrawn versions of the regions of the furthest North in Map V, in order to "enlarge and clarify..., adding letters to make references to it plainer." Here can be seen the closeness of '''Hithlum''' and the '''Helkaraksë''' to the '''Chasm of Ilmen''' at the edge of the world. Also shown is the river '''[[Sirion]]''' and the firth of '''[[Drengist]]''' cutting into the mountains of Hithlum. Not far to the northeast of Hithlum lies '''Angband''' and '''Thangorodrim''', and to Hithlum's southeast lies the realm of '''[[Dorthonion]]''' and the hidden city of '''[[Gondolin]]'''.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 270 - 271</ref> <br />
<gallery><br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 1.jpg|Christoper Tolkien's First Map<br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 2.jpg|Christopher Tolkien's Second Map<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{maps}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ambarkanta'' maps}}<br />
[[Category:Maps of Arda]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram I]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram II]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram III]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map IV]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map V]]</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ambarkanta_maps&diff=315808Ambarkanta maps2020-06-20T19:20:37Z<p>88.121.55.128: /* Diagram I */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''''Ambarkanta'' maps''' refer to a set of five maps and diagrams drawn by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and associated with his work "[[Ambarkanta|''Ambarkanta'': The Shape of the World]]" (a text attributed to [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]). The maps were reproduced in ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' ([[1986]]).<br />
<br />
===Diagram I===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map I.jpg|thumb|Diagram I]]<br />
Diagram I of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the [[Changing of the World]], from West to East and from zenith to nadir. The great mass of land making up much of [[Arda]] is named here as '''[[Ambar]]''', the earth. The farthest reaches of Ambar are designated ''[[Númen]]'' and ''[[Rómen]]'', West and East. The central landmass of Ambar is here named '''[[Middle-earth|Pelmar]]''' as well as ''Ambarendya''. The midmost point is named ''[[Endor]]''. To the [[Belegaer|west]] and [[East Sea|east]] of the central landmass is written '''Ear''', the seas. Spanning from the west shore of the west sea to the east shore of the east sea is '''[[Vista]]''', the lower airs. In these airs is written ''Aiwenore'', "Bird-land", and above it is ''Fanyamar'', "Cloud-home". Above Vista and all around Ambar is '''[[Ilmen]]''', the upper airs. These can be seen to cover the lands of [[Aman]] and the [[Uttermost East]], spanning also beneath '''[[Martalmar]]''', the roots of the Earth. Written in the span of Ilmen are its other names, ''Tinwë-mallë'' and ''Elenarda'', meaning "Star-street" and "Stellar Kingdom" respectively. Surrounding all of Ambar is '''[[Vaiya]]''', the [[Ekkaia|Encircling Seas]]. Beyond Vaiya there is only '''Kúma''' and '''Ava-Kúma''', the near and outer [[Void]]. Separating Vaiya from Kúma are the '''[[Ilurambar]]''', the Walls of the World. At the very bottom of the diagram is written '''Ilu''', an early name for the world of Arda.<ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}}<br />
<br />
Much later, some penciled changes and additions give ''Earambar'' for '''[[Ilurambar]]''', ''[[Hidden Half]]'' right under '''[[Martalmar]]''' and Arda for '''Ilu''' in the title. Penciled notes at the right-hand corner bottom corner is too faint to make out after the words "Alter story of Sun" ; that on the left reads : "Make world always a globe but larger than now. Mountains of East and West prevent anyone from going to Hidden Half". <ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}} This certainly refers to the "round world" concept found in Ainulindalë C* in HOME X.<br />
<br />
===Diagram II===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram II.jpg|thumb|Diagram II]]<br />
Diagram II of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the Changing of the World, from North to South. Once again, '''Ambar''' is shown to consist of '''Endor''' at its upper regions and '''Martalmar''' in its lowermost depths. '''Vista''' covers Endor from the north to south, with '''Ilmen''' surrounding all of Ambar, though much less so in the north and south than in the west and east as shown before. '''Vaiya''' encircles all the world of '''Ilu''', separated from '''Kúma''' by the '''Earambar'''. To the farthest reaches of either end of the world there is written ''[[Formen]]'' and '''[[Hyarmen|Harmen]]''', North and South.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|244 - 245}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Diagram III===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram III.jpg|thumb|Diagram III]]<br />
Diagram III of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda after the Changing of the World. Here the entirety of '''Ambar''' is made round: the '''Old Lands''' of the flat Arda now make up one half of Arda made round, and the '''New Lands''' are made to form Arda's other half. '''Vista''' becomes the lower atmospheres, while '''Ilmen''' becomes the upper atmospheres and the regions of outer space. '''Valinor''' and '''Eressëa''' are shown here to dwell within Ilmen. Beyond Ilmen there is still '''Vaiya''', and the voids beyond it. Passing away from the curvature of the earth and into Valinor within Ilmen is the '''[[Straight Road|Straight Path]]'''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|246 - 247}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Map IV===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map IV.jpg|thumb|Map IV]]<br />
Map IV of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]] and before the [[War for the Sake of the Elves]]. The waters and airs of '''Vaiya''' and '''Ilmen''' can be seen encircling the lands, with the '''[[Chasm of Ilmen]]''' separating the earth from Vaiya. In the region designated ''"West - Númen"'' lies '''Valinor''', and the city of '''[[Valmar]]'''. The far northeast and southeast regions of Valinor are named here as '''[[Araman|Eruman]]''' and '''[[Avathar|Arvalin]]'''. Along the coasts is written ''Westland or Westerness''. In the middle of Valinor on the east coast is the city of '''[[Tirion|Tún]]''', near to the mountain of '''[[Taniquetil|Taniqetil]]'''. Running to the north and south of Taniquentil are the '''[[Pelóri|Mountains of Valinor]]''', and on the coast of the '''Bay of Elfland''' is ''Eldaros (Elvenhome)''. A string of islands called '''[[Enchanted Isles|The Enchanted Magic Isles]]''' and the '''Shadowy Isles''' lie to the east of Valinor within the '''Belegaer or Great West Sea'''.<br />
<br />
Valinor is separated by '''Pelmar''' or '''Middle-earth''' in the east by the '''Straits of Ice''' in the south and the '''[[Helcaraxë|Helkarakse]]''' in the north. In the very northernmost regions of Middle-earth near to the Helkarakse is '''[[Falas|Falasse]]''', the western coast of '''[[Beleriand]]'''. Running along the northern regions of Middle-earth are the '''[[Iron Mountains]]''', barring '''[[Utumno|Utumna]]''' from the rest of the world. On Beleriand's eastern borders run the '''[[Blue Mountains]]''', mirrored on Middle-earth's eastern side across the ''Northlands'' by the '''[[Orocarni|Red Mountains]]'''. In the south of the Northlands between the Blue and Red Mountains lies the '''[[Sea of Helcar|Sea of Helkar]]''', and on its eastern end there is '''[[Cuiviénen|Kuivienen]]'''. In the very center of Ambar near the west of the ''Mid-land'' there is written ''Earth-middle'' and ''Endor''. East of the Mid-land are the '''[[Mountains of the Wind]]''', the western border of '''[[Hildórien]]'''. In the ''Southland'' of Middle-earth is the '''[[Sea of Ringil]]''', between the '''[[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains]]''' in the west and the '''[[Yellow Mountains]]''' in the east. The southernmost point of Middle-earth is marked ''South'' and ''Harmen''.<br />
<br />
To the east of Middle-earth are the '''[[Uttermost East|Lands of the Sun]]''', called also the ''Eastlands or Easterness''. Separating the two continents is the '''East Sea''', two more Straits of Ice lying at the northernmost and southernmost ends. In these lands lie the '''[[Walls of the Sun|Mountains or Walls of the Sun]]'''. The farthest east point of Ambar is designated ''"East - Rómen"''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|248 - 249}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
===Map V===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map V.png|thumb|Map V]]<br />
Map V of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the War for the Sake of the Elves and before the Changing of the World. Surrounding the lands of Arda are the '''Outer Seas''' of ''Utgarsecg''', the Old English name of Vaiya. Here '''Aman''' and the '''Outer Lands (Valinor)''' are shown again in the west of the world, with the regions of '''Araman''' in the north and '''Arvalin''' in the south. A little south of Araman are the havens of '''[[Alqualondë|Alflon]]'''. In the center regions of Aman are the '''[[Two Trees]]''', '''Tún''', '''Valmar''', and '''Taniquetil'''. To the east of the shores of Valinor lies the '''Bay of Faery'''. At its northernmost point, the lands of Aman are still linked to the '''Hither Lands''' by the '''Helkaraksë''', leading across the northern regions of '''Belegar''' the ''Great Seas''. Given here also is the Great Sea's Old English name ''Ingarsecg''.<br />
<br />
In this map, details of the lands of '''Beleriand''' can now be seen. The lands of '''[[Hithlum]]''' and the fortress of '''[[Angband]]''' and '''[[Thangorodrim]]''' lie to the north near '''[[Dor Daedeloth|Daidelos]]''', the northern wastes. Dividing the northern and southern regions of Middle-earth is the '''[[Great Gulf]]''' (possibly named here also as ''Belegorn''), with the '''[[Straits of the World]]''' linking the Gulf to the '''Inland Sea'''. <br />
<br />
To the southwest of the world lie the '''[[Dark Land|Dark Land (South Land)]]''', separated from Middle-earth by the expanded '''East Sea'''. In the far east of the world lie the '''Burnt Lands of the Sun''', along with the '''Walls of the Sun''' near to the western shores.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|250 - 251}}<br />
<br />
==Later Details==<br />
In ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' ([[1987]]), [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided additional, redrawn versions of the regions of the furthest North in Map V, in order to "enlarge and clarify..., adding letters to make references to it plainer." Here can be seen the closeness of '''Hithlum''' and the '''Helkaraksë''' to the '''Chasm of Ilmen''' at the edge of the world. Also shown is the river '''[[Sirion]]''' and the firth of '''[[Drengist]]''' cutting into the mountains of Hithlum. Not far to the northeast of Hithlum lies '''Angband''' and '''Thangorodrim''', and to Hithlum's southeast lies the realm of '''[[Dorthonion]]''' and the hidden city of '''[[Gondolin]]'''.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 270 - 271</ref> <br />
<gallery><br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 1.jpg|Christoper Tolkien's First Map<br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 2.jpg|Christopher Tolkien's Second Map<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{maps}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ambarkanta'' maps}}<br />
[[Category:Maps of Arda]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram I]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram II]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram III]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map IV]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map V]]</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ambarkanta_maps&diff=315806Ambarkanta maps2020-06-20T19:18:52Z<p>88.121.55.128: /* Diagram I */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''''Ambarkanta'' maps''' refer to a set of five maps and diagrams drawn by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and associated with his work "[[Ambarkanta|''Ambarkanta'': The Shape of the World]]" (a text attributed to [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]). The maps were reproduced in ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' ([[1986]]).<br />
<br />
===Diagram I===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map I.jpg|thumb|Diagram I]]<br />
Diagram I of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the [[Changing of the World]], from West to East and from zenith to nadir. The great mass of land making up much of [[Arda]] is named here as '''[[Ambar]]''', the earth. The farthest reaches of Ambar are designated ''[[Númen]]'' and ''[[Rómen]]'', West and East. The central landmass of Ambar is here named '''[[Middle-earth|Pelmar]]''' as well as ''Ambarendya''. The midmost point is named ''[[Endor]]''. To the [[Belegaer|west]] and [[East Sea|east]] of the central landmass is written '''Ear''', the seas. Spanning from the west shore of the west sea to the east shore of the east sea is '''[[Vista]]''', the lower airs. In these airs is written ''Aiwenore'', "Bird-land", and above it is ''Fanyamar'', "Cloud-home". Above Vista and all around Ambar is '''[[Ilmen]]''', the upper airs. These can be seen to cover the lands of [[Aman]] and the [[Uttermost East]], spanning also beneath '''[[Martalmar]]''', the roots of the Earth. Written in the span of Ilmen are its other names, ''Tinwë-mallë'' and ''Elenarda'', meaning "Star-street" and "Stellar Kingdom" respectively. Surrounding all of Ambar is '''[[Vaiya]]''', the [[Ekkaia|Encircling Seas]]. Beyond Vaiya there is only '''Kúma''' and '''Ava-Kúma''', the near and outer [[Void]]. Separating Vaiya from Kúma are the '''[[Ilurambar]]''', the Walls of the World. At the very bottom of the diagram is written '''Ilu''', an early name for the world of Arda.<ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
Much later, some penciled changes and additions give ''Earambar'' for '''[[Ilurambar]]''', ''[[Hidden Half]]'' right under '''[[Martalmar]]''' and Arda for '''Ilu''' in the title. Penciled notes at the right-hand corner bottom corner is too faint to make out after the words "Alter story of Sun" ; that on the left reads : "Make world always a globe but larger than now. Mountains of East and West prevent anyone from going to Hidden Half". This certainly refers to the "round world" concept found in Ainulindalë C* in HOME X.<br />
<br />
===Diagram II===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram II.jpg|thumb|Diagram II]]<br />
Diagram II of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the Changing of the World, from North to South. Once again, '''Ambar''' is shown to consist of '''Endor''' at its upper regions and '''Martalmar''' in its lowermost depths. '''Vista''' covers Endor from the north to south, with '''Ilmen''' surrounding all of Ambar, though much less so in the north and south than in the west and east as shown before. '''Vaiya''' encircles all the world of '''Ilu''', separated from '''Kúma''' by the '''Earambar'''. To the farthest reaches of either end of the world there is written ''[[Formen]]'' and '''[[Hyarmen|Harmen]]''', North and South.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|244 - 245}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Diagram III===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram III.jpg|thumb|Diagram III]]<br />
Diagram III of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda after the Changing of the World. Here the entirety of '''Ambar''' is made round: the '''Old Lands''' of the flat Arda now make up one half of Arda made round, and the '''New Lands''' are made to form Arda's other half. '''Vista''' becomes the lower atmospheres, while '''Ilmen''' becomes the upper atmospheres and the regions of outer space. '''Valinor''' and '''Eressëa''' are shown here to dwell within Ilmen. Beyond Ilmen there is still '''Vaiya''', and the voids beyond it. Passing away from the curvature of the earth and into Valinor within Ilmen is the '''[[Straight Road|Straight Path]]'''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|246 - 247}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
===Map IV===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map IV.jpg|thumb|Map IV]]<br />
Map IV of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]] and before the [[War for the Sake of the Elves]]. The waters and airs of '''Vaiya''' and '''Ilmen''' can be seen encircling the lands, with the '''[[Chasm of Ilmen]]''' separating the earth from Vaiya. In the region designated ''"West - Númen"'' lies '''Valinor''', and the city of '''[[Valmar]]'''. The far northeast and southeast regions of Valinor are named here as '''[[Araman|Eruman]]''' and '''[[Avathar|Arvalin]]'''. Along the coasts is written ''Westland or Westerness''. In the middle of Valinor on the east coast is the city of '''[[Tirion|Tún]]''', near to the mountain of '''[[Taniquetil|Taniqetil]]'''. Running to the north and south of Taniquentil are the '''[[Pelóri|Mountains of Valinor]]''', and on the coast of the '''Bay of Elfland''' is ''Eldaros (Elvenhome)''. A string of islands called '''[[Enchanted Isles|The Enchanted Magic Isles]]''' and the '''Shadowy Isles''' lie to the east of Valinor within the '''Belegaer or Great West Sea'''.<br />
<br />
Valinor is separated by '''Pelmar''' or '''Middle-earth''' in the east by the '''Straits of Ice''' in the south and the '''[[Helcaraxë|Helkarakse]]''' in the north. In the very northernmost regions of Middle-earth near to the Helkarakse is '''[[Falas|Falasse]]''', the western coast of '''[[Beleriand]]'''. Running along the northern regions of Middle-earth are the '''[[Iron Mountains]]''', barring '''[[Utumno|Utumna]]''' from the rest of the world. On Beleriand's eastern borders run the '''[[Blue Mountains]]''', mirrored on Middle-earth's eastern side across the ''Northlands'' by the '''[[Orocarni|Red Mountains]]'''. In the south of the Northlands between the Blue and Red Mountains lies the '''[[Sea of Helcar|Sea of Helkar]]''', and on its eastern end there is '''[[Cuiviénen|Kuivienen]]'''. In the very center of Ambar near the west of the ''Mid-land'' there is written ''Earth-middle'' and ''Endor''. East of the Mid-land are the '''[[Mountains of the Wind]]''', the western border of '''[[Hildórien]]'''. In the ''Southland'' of Middle-earth is the '''[[Sea of Ringil]]''', between the '''[[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains]]''' in the west and the '''[[Yellow Mountains]]''' in the east. The southernmost point of Middle-earth is marked ''South'' and ''Harmen''.<br />
<br />
To the east of Middle-earth are the '''[[Uttermost East|Lands of the Sun]]''', called also the ''Eastlands or Easterness''. Separating the two continents is the '''East Sea''', two more Straits of Ice lying at the northernmost and southernmost ends. In these lands lie the '''[[Walls of the Sun|Mountains or Walls of the Sun]]'''. The farthest east point of Ambar is designated ''"East - Rómen"''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|248 - 249}}<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
===Map V===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map V.png|thumb|Map V]]<br />
Map V of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the War for the Sake of the Elves and before the Changing of the World. Surrounding the lands of Arda are the '''Outer Seas''' of ''Utgarsecg''', the Old English name of Vaiya. Here '''Aman''' and the '''Outer Lands (Valinor)''' are shown again in the west of the world, with the regions of '''Araman''' in the north and '''Arvalin''' in the south. A little south of Araman are the havens of '''[[Alqualondë|Alflon]]'''. In the center regions of Aman are the '''[[Two Trees]]''', '''Tún''', '''Valmar''', and '''Taniquetil'''. To the east of the shores of Valinor lies the '''Bay of Faery'''. At its northernmost point, the lands of Aman are still linked to the '''Hither Lands''' by the '''Helkaraksë''', leading across the northern regions of '''Belegar''' the ''Great Seas''. Given here also is the Great Sea's Old English name ''Ingarsecg''.<br />
<br />
In this map, details of the lands of '''Beleriand''' can now be seen. The lands of '''[[Hithlum]]''' and the fortress of '''[[Angband]]''' and '''[[Thangorodrim]]''' lie to the north near '''[[Dor Daedeloth|Daidelos]]''', the northern wastes. Dividing the northern and southern regions of Middle-earth is the '''[[Great Gulf]]''' (possibly named here also as ''Belegorn''), with the '''[[Straits of the World]]''' linking the Gulf to the '''Inland Sea'''. <br />
<br />
To the southwest of the world lie the '''[[Dark Land|Dark Land (South Land)]]''', separated from Middle-earth by the expanded '''East Sea'''. In the far east of the world lie the '''Burnt Lands of the Sun''', along with the '''Walls of the Sun''' near to the western shores.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|250 - 251}}<br />
<br />
==Later Details==<br />
In ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' ([[1987]]), [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided additional, redrawn versions of the regions of the furthest North in Map V, in order to "enlarge and clarify..., adding letters to make references to it plainer." Here can be seen the closeness of '''Hithlum''' and the '''Helkaraksë''' to the '''Chasm of Ilmen''' at the edge of the world. Also shown is the river '''[[Sirion]]''' and the firth of '''[[Drengist]]''' cutting into the mountains of Hithlum. Not far to the northeast of Hithlum lies '''Angband''' and '''Thangorodrim''', and to Hithlum's southeast lies the realm of '''[[Dorthonion]]''' and the hidden city of '''[[Gondolin]]'''.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 270 - 271</ref> <br />
<gallery><br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 1.jpg|Christoper Tolkien's First Map<br />
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 2.jpg|Christopher Tolkien's Second Map<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{maps}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ambarkanta'' maps}}<br />
[[Category:Maps of Arda]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram I]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram II]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram III]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map IV]]<br />
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map V]]</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Utumno&diff=313737Utumno2020-06-05T09:41:25Z<p>88.121.55.128: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{disambig-more|Udûn|[[Udûn (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Utumno<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Udûn ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />
| location=[[Iron Mountains]]; far north of [[Arda]]<br />
| type=Fortress<br />
| description=Vast and very cold, with pits extending deep into the earth<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Melkor]] and his servants<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=[[Siege of Utumno]]<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|The dark fire will not avail you, flame of Udûn. Go back to the Shadow!|[[Gandalf]], ''[[The Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]''}}<br />
'''Utumno''' (in [[Quenya]]) or '''Udûn''' (in [[Sindarin]]) was a fortress of [[Morgoth|Melkor]] in the far north of [[Middle-earth]]. It was the first and greatest of Melkor's citadels, delved in the earliest days. It was the home to hosts of demons, the fallen [[Ainur]] who allied with Melkor, and numerous monsters of corruption were made in mockery of Middle-earth's naturally intended creatures and beings.<ref name="Captivity">{{S|Captivity}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Utumno was built by Melkor after his first arrival in [[Arda]]. The [[Valar]] had by this time created the [[Two Lamps]]. Utumno was built under the [[Iron Mountains]], where the light of [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]] was dim and cold. Though the Valar did not yet know it, from this place, "the blight of his [Melkor's] hatred flowed out thence, and the Spring of Arda was marred."<ref name="Beginning">{{S|Beginning}}</ref> Utumno was delved exceeding deep, with pits filled with fires and great hosts of servants, caverns and vaults "hidden with deceit". As a result the lands of the far north were made desolate, and remained so in the following ages.<ref name="Captivity"/><br />
<br />
Melkor used Utumno as his base of operations from the Valian Year 3400 until {{YT|1090}}, when the Valar assailed Melkor's fortress.<ref name="P2a">{{MR|P2a}}</ref>{{rp|53}}<ref name="P2e">{{MR|P2e}}</ref>{{rp|74-5}} From there he had destroyed the [[Two Lamps]], so that the [[Valar|Powers]] left [[Almaren]], their dwelling-place in [[Middle-earth]], and removed into the West. He then began his corruption of Arda.<ref name="Beginning"/> Utumno was also where the first captured [[Elves]] were taken and the creation of [[Orcs]] began as a mockery of the [[Firstborn]].<br />
<br />
Utumno was laid waste in {{YT|1099}}, in [[Siege of Utumno|the war]] that the Valar began against Melkor for the sake of the Elves. The [[Valar]] attacked in full force, and until they broke the gates and unroofed it; Melkor hid in the uttermost pit, but they carried him to [[Valinor]] as their captive . Melkor was [[Chaining of Melkor|chained]] held as a prisoner.<ref name="Captivity"/><br />
<br />
Melkor had established a second and lesser fortress at the western end of the [[Iron Mountains|Ered Engrin]] to act as the first line of defence for Utumno from Aman.<ref name="Captivity"/> This became [[Angband]], which was at first held by [[Sauron]]. After the destruction of Utumno, Melkor chose to rebuild and fortify Angband as his lair.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name ''Utumno'' (pron. {{IPA|[uˈtumno]}}), contains the stem ''Utumnu-''. An older version of the name, ''Utumna'', is said to derive from ''Tumna'' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "low-lying, low, profound, deep").<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}</ref>{{rp|269, 271}}<br />
<br />
The name ''Udûn'' is [[Sindarin]], meaning "dark pit, Underworld"<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 297</ref> or "hell"<ref>{{HM|LRI}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
In the ''Annals of Aman'', Tolkien wrote: "'Utupnŭ √TUP cover over; hide'" and "'that stronghold was ever after called Utumno the Deep-hidden.'" In Etymologies (V.394) with the stem TUB, the original form of the name is given as ''Utubnu''.<ref name="P2a"/><br />
<br />
'''Udûn''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈuduːːn]}}) was the less commonly used [[Sindarin]] name of [[Utumno]]. In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', this name appears just once, in [[Gandalf]]'s words to [[Durin's Bane]].<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref><br />
<br />
It survived, though, as a name for [[Udûn (valley)|the northern valley]] of [[Mordor]] that lay behind the [[Morannon]]. Undoubtedly, [[Sauron]] chose this name in memory of his ancient master's greatest stronghold.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] was not entirely consistent with the location of Utumno, but it was always located within the northern Middle-earth, in or behind the Iron Mountains.<br />
<br />
As noted from one of Tolkien's earlier sketch maps about Utumno from the [[Ambarkanta]], Utumno was previously spelled as "Utumna" and was north of the Iron Mountains, towards the western end of the mountain chain.<ref>{{SM|4}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Fortresses]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya locations]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
[[de:Utumno]]<br />
[[fi:Utumno]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/utumno]]</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=I_Vene_Kemen&diff=312662I Vene Kemen2020-05-06T20:09:22Z<p>88.121.55.128: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - I Vene Kemen.png|thumb|300px]]<br />
'''''I Vene Kemen''''' is the title of an early drawing by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. The illustration is a "map" of the world, envisioned in the form of a ship, as conceived in the earliest version of the [[legendarium]], the ''[[The Book of Lost Tales (disambiguation)|Lost Tales]]''.<ref name=LT1>{{LT1|IIIn}}, pp. 83-86</ref> Locations and concepts featured in the drawing include:<br />
<br />
*Nūme ([[West (disambiguation)|West]])<br />
*[[Valinor]]<br />
*[[Taniquetil]]<br />
*Harmalin (later [[Araman|Arvalin]])<br />
*[[Two Trees of Valinor|The Trees]]<br />
*(T?)oros valinoriva (likely referring to the [[Pelóri|Mountains of Valinor]])<br />
*Tolli Kimpelear (likely referring to the [[Enchanted Isles|Twilit Isles]])<br />
*[[Tol Eressëa]]<br />
*I Tolli Kuruvar (the [[Enchanted Isles|Magic Isles]])<br />
*Haloisi Velike (the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]])<br />
*Ô (the [[Belegaer|Sea]])<br />
*I Nori Landar (likely referring to the [[Middle-earth|Great Lands]])<br />
*Koivienéni (later [[Cuiviénen]])<br />
*[[Palisor]]<br />
*Sil (the [[Moon]])<br />
*Ûr (the [[Sun]])<br />
*Luvier (Clouds)<br />
*Oronto (East)<br />
*Vaitya, Ilwë, Vilna (layers of air)<br />
*[[Ulmonan]]<br />
*[[Uin]]<br />
*Vai or Neni Erùmear (the [[Ekkaia|Outermost Waters]])<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
[[Christopher Tolkien]] has suggested that ''I Vene Kemen'' is a [[Qenya]] name perhaps meaning "The Shape of the Earth" or "The Vessel of the Earth".<ref name=LT1/> The element ''vene'' is likely related to the root VENE "shape, cut out, scoop" and its derivative ''venë'' ("small boat, vessel, dish"). For the element ''kemen'', the Qenya Lexicon contains the words ''kemi'' ("earth, soil") and ''kemen'' ("soil"), derived from the root KEME.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, pp. 254, 257 (entries ''Glorvent'' amd ''Kémi'')</ref><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.thetolkienforum.com/showthread.php?14356-Of-Vai-and-I-Vene-Kemen Of Vai and I Vene Kemen (forum thread)]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{maps}}<br />
[[Category:Maps of Arda]]<br />
[[Category:Qenya names]]</div>88.121.55.128https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth&diff=312660The Peoples of Middle-earth2020-05-06T20:05:26Z<p>88.121.55.128: /* Chapters */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{book<br />
| title=The Peoples of Middle-earth<br />
| image=[[File:The Peoples of Middle-earth (HC2010).png|225px]]<br />
| author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
| editor=[[Christopher Tolkien]]<br />
| illustrator=<br />
| publisherUK=[[Allen and Unwin|Unwin Hyman]]<br />
| publisherUS=[[Houghton Mifflin]]<br />
| dateUK=[[2 September]] [[1996]]<br />
| dateUS=[[6 December]] 1996<br />
| format=Hardcover<br />
| pages=496<br />
| isbn=978-0261103481<br />
| series=[[The History of Middle-earth]]<br />
| precededby=[[The War of the Jewels]]<br />
| followedby=[[The History of Middle-earth Index]]<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Peoples of Middle-earth''''' is the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''.<br />
<br />
==From the publisher==<br />
{{blockquote|When [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] laid aside ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' in 1937 the extension of the original 'mythology' into later Ages of the world had scarcely begun. It was in the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' that there emerged a comprehensive historical structure and chronology of the Second and [[Third Age]]s, embracing all the diverse strands that came together in the [[War of the Ring]]. The difficulty that he found in providing these Appendices, leading to delay in the publication of ''[[The Return of the King]]'', is well known; but in ''The Peoples of Middle-earth'' [[Christopher Tolkien]] shows that early forms of these works already existed years before, in essays and records differing greatly from the published forms. He traces the evolution of the Calendars, the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] genealogies, the [[Westron]] language or [[Westron|Common Speech]] (from which many words and names are recorded that were afterwards lost), and the chronological structure of the later Ages. Other writings by J.R.R. Tolkien are included in this final volume of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', chiefly deriving from his last years, when new insights and new constructions still freely arose as he pondered the history that he had created. The book concludes with two soon-abandoned stories, both unique in the setting of time and place: ''[[The New Shadow]]'' in [[Gondor]] of the [[Fourth Age]], and the tale of ''[[Tal-Elmar (chapter)|Tal-Elmar]]'', in which the coming of the dreaded [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ships is seen through the eyes of men of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Dark Years]].}}<br />
<br />
==Chapters==<br />
*Foreword<br />
:'''Part One: The Prologue and Appendices to ''The Lord of the Rings'''''<br />
* I. "[[The Prologue]]"<br />
* II. "[[The Appendix on Languages]]"<br />
* III. "[[The Family Trees]]"<br />
* IV. "[[The Calendars]]"<br />
* V. "[[The History of the Akallabeth]]"<br />
* VI. "[[The Tale of Years of the Second Age]]"<br />
* VII. "[[The Heirs of Elendil]]"<br />
* VIII. "[[The Tale of Years of the Third Age]]"<br />
* IX. "[[The Making of Appendix A]]"<br />
<br />
:'''Part Two: Late writings'''<br />
* X. "[[Of Dwarves and Men]]"<br />
* XI. "[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]"<br />
* XII. "[[The Problem of Ros]]"<br />
* XIII. "[[Last Writings]]"<br />
<br />
:'''Part Three: Teachings of Pengoloð'''<br />
* XIV. "[[Dangweth Pengoloð]]"<br />
* XV. "[[Of Lembas]]"<br />
<br />
:'''Part Four: Unfinished tales'''<br />
* XVI. "[[The New Shadow]]"<br />
* XVII. "[[Tal-Elmar (chapter)|Tal-Elmar]]"<br />
<br />
*Index<br />
<br />
==Publication history and image gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996).png|[[1996]], [[Allen and Unwin|Unwin Hyman]] 1st ed.; hardcover; ISBN 0261103377<br />
File:The Peoples of Middle-earth.jpg|[[1996]], [[Houghton Mifflin]]; hardcover; ISBN 0395827604<br />
File:The Peoples of Middle-earth (HC1997).png|[[1997]], [[HarperCollins]] 1st paperback ed.; ISBN 0261103482; Cover illustration by [[John Howe]]<br />
File:The Peoples of Middle-earth (HC2002).png|[[2002]], [[HarperCollins]]; ISBN 0261103482; Cover illustration by [[John Howe]]<br />
File:The Peoples of Middle-earth (HC2010).png|[[2010]], HarperCollins; reissue (print on demand), hardcover<br />
</gallery><br />
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==External links==<br />
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*[http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/gallery.php?subsection=71 Detailed publication history of UK editions at Tolkienbooks.net]<br />
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