Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Lenwë

2017-01-18T18:51:17Z

89.173.26.247:

{{nandor infobox
| name=Lenwë
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Dan
| titles=
| position=
| location=
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Lenwë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈlɛnwɛ]}}; also named '''Dan''') was an [[Elves|Elf]] of [[Teleri|Telerin]] origin who set out on the [[Great Journey]] from [[Cuiviénen]]. When the [[Teleri]] reached the Great River [[Anduin]] and saw the [[Misty Mountains]] across their path to the west, they fell away from the Journey. Lenwë led a part of the Teleri south down the [[Vales of Anduin]]. Lenwë's people afterwards became known as the [[Nandor]].

Lenwë had a son, [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]], who eventually crossed the Misty Mountains with a group of his father's people.<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}{{familytree| LEN | |LEN='''LENWË'''''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | |}}{{familytree| DEN | |DEN=[[Denethor (son of Lenwë)|Denethor]]''d. {{YT|1497}}''}}{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lenwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Nandor]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

Aldudénië

2017-01-18T15:40:45Z

89.173.26.247:

'''Aldudénië''' ([[Quenya|Q]], possibly pron. {{IPA|[ˌalduˈdɛːni.ɛ]}}) is a poem lamenting the death of the [[Two Trees]], composed by [[Elemmírë (Elf)|Elemmírë]] of the [[Vanyar]], soon after the event. It was famous to all the [[Eldar]], but never recorded.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>
==Etymology==
''Aldudénie'' is said to mean "lament of the Two Trees" and contains ''[[alda|aldu]]'', the dual of ''[[alda]]'' "tree".<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>

The other element *''dénie'' which obviously means "lament", is of problematic etymology since the intermedial "d" does not exist in [[Quenya]] (only the "ld" "nd" and "rd" are present).

Another similar Quenya word for lament is ''[[nainië]]'' from [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[NAY]].
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aldudenie}}
[[Category:Lays and Tales]]
[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Aldudénië]]
[[fr:encyclo/arts/chants_et_recits/aldudenie]]
[[fi:Aldudénië]]

Ambarto

2017-01-18T15:39:12Z

89.173.26.247:

'''Ambarto''' (pron. {{IPA|[amˈbartɔ]}}) was a [[Quenya]] [[Amilessë|mother-name]] given to [[Amras]], twin son of [[Fëanor]] by [[Nerdanel]], his mother. Initially, both twins were called [[Ambarussa]] so their father insisted on having different names. Nerdanel changed one of the names, without clearly deciding which, to ''[[Umbarto]]'', which meant "the fated". Because of its meaning, Fëanor had quickly urged Nerdanel to change it to ''[[Ambarto]]''.

It is translated as "Upwards-exalted", being composed from ''[[amba]]'' = "upwards, top" and ''[[arta]]'' = "exalted".<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 353-354</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Amilessi]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[de:Amrod#Sonstiges]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/ambarto]]

Ondolindë

2017-01-18T15:31:22Z

89.173.26.247:

'''Ondolindë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˌɔndɔˈlindɛ]}}) translates to 'The Rock of the Music of Water', it was the original name of the city that became known as [[Gondolin]].<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ondolinde}}
[[Category:Gondolin]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Gondolin#Namen]]
[[fi:Ondolindë]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/ondolinde]]

Tolkien Gateway:IPA

2017-01-18T15:28:22Z

89.173.26.247: /* Sindarin */

These are charts for pronouncing some of the principal [[languages]] of [[Arda]] using the [[Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]. Many of these IPA articulations are not going to be 100% ''exact'' (there are no laboratory recordings of the speech of real-life [[Eldar]], considering they are fictional), but they are phonemic.

==Charts==

===[[Adûnaic]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''bb''' || {{IPA|[bː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''dd''' || {{IPA|[dː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[eː]}} || '''ê''' is how '''ai''' are pronounced together. There is (properly) no short '''e'''. The name ''[[Zimraphel]]'' may be an exception, though it may also actually be ''Zimraphêl''.
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''gg''' || {{IPA|[ɡː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Kh, kh''' || {{IPA|[x]}}
|-
| '''kk''' || {{IPA|[kː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''kkh''' || {{IPA|[kx]}} || Geminate consonant of '''kh'''.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[oː]}} || '''ô''' is how '''au''' are pronounced together. There is no short '''o'''.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Ph, ph''' || {{IPA|[f]}}
|-
| '''pp''' || {{IPA|[pː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''pph''' || {{IPA|[pf]}} || Geminate consonant of '''ph'''.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''Sh, sh''' || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''tth''' || {{IPA|[tθ]}} || Geminate consonant of '''th'''.
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[v]}}
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}}
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Z, z''' || {{IPA|[z]}}
|}

===[[Khuzdul]]===
Note that there is no '''p''' or '''ph''' in Khuzdul.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''dd''' || {{IPA|[dː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''E, e''' || {{IPA|[e]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[eː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[f]}}
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''gg''' || {{IPA|[ɡː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Gh, gh''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}}
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Kh, kh''' || {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
|-
| '''kk''' || {{IPA|[kː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''kkh''' || {{IPA|[kʰː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''O, o''' || {{IPA|[o]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[oː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''Sh, sh''' || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''tth''' || {{IPA|[tʰː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Z, z''' || {{IPA|[z]}}
|}

===[[Quenya]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
!colspan="3"| Short Vowels
|-
| '''A, a, ä''' || {{IPA|[a]}}
|-
| '''E, e, ë''' || {{IPA|[ɛ]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}}
|-
| '''O, o, ö''' || {{IPA|[ɔ]}}
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Long Vowels
|-
| '''Á, á''' || {{IPA|[aː]}}
|-
| '''É, é''' || {{IPA|[eː]}}
|-
| '''Í, í''' || {{IPA|[iː]}}
|-
| '''Ó, ó''' || {{IPA|[oː]}}
|-
| '''Ú, ú''' || {{IPA|[uː]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Diphthongs
|-
| '''Ai, ai''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɪ]}}
|-
| '''Au, au''' || {{IPA|[a͡ʊ]}}
|-
| '''Eu, eu''' || {{IPA|[ɛ͡ʊ]}}
|-
| '''Iu, iu''' || {{IPA|[ɪ͡ʊ]}} || [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[juː]}}.
|-
| '''Oi, oi''' || {{IPA|[ɔ͡ɪ]}}
|-
| '''Ui, ui''' || {{IPA|[ʊ͡ɪ]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Initial Consonants
|-
| '''C, c, K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[ɸ~f]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[f]}}.
|-
| '''Ȝ, ȝ''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}} || Extinct phoneme which still existed in the written Quenya of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]'s [[sarati]].
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[x]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[h]}}.
|-
| '''Hl, hl''' || {{IPA|[ɬ~l]}} || Traditionally {{IPA|[ɬ]}}. By the [[Third Age]] in [[Middle-earth]], it is pronounced {{IPA|[l]}}. This phoneme cannot occur medially, where '''ll''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Hr, hr''' || {{IPA|[r̥]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where '''rr''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Hw, hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍ]}}
|-
| '''Hy, hy''' || {{IPA|[ç~ʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃ]}}.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''Ñ, ñ, Ng, ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋ]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where medial '''ng''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Nw, nw''' || {{IPA|[nˠʷ]}} || Initial '''ñw''' becomes '''nw''' in [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. They are not separate phonemes when initial.
|-
| '''Ñw, ñw, Ngw, ngw''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷ]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where medial '''ngw''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Ny, ny''' || {{IPA|[ɲ~nʲ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲ]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʲ]}}.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Qu, qu''' || {{IPA|[kʷ]}}
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Ty, ty''' || {{IPA|[c~ʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[c]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʧ]}}.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[β~v]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[β]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[v]}}.
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}} || As an initial consonant, this mostly merges with '''v''' outside [[Aman]] in the [[Second Age]].
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Þ, þ, Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but most (though not all) of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] replace it with '''s''', which becomes the more common pronunciation outside [[Aman]].
|-
!colspan="3"| Medial Single Consonants
|-
| '''c, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''d''' || || As a medial single consonant, this poorly-understood phoneme is only known to occur in the [[Vanyar]]in word ''[[Aldudénië]]''.
|-
| '''f''' || {{IPA|[ɸ~f]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[f]}}.
|-
| '''ȝ''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}} || Extinct phoneme which still existed in the written Quenya of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]'s [[sarati]].
|-
| '''h''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[x]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[h]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''s''' || {{IPA|[s]}} || The [[Vanyar]] do not use this single consonant medially, where either '''z''' or '''þ''' are used instead.
|-
| '''t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''v''' || {{IPA|[β~v]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[β]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[v]}}.
|-
| '''w''' || {{IPA|[w]}} || As a single medial consonant, this mostly merges with '''v''' outside [[Aman]] in the [[Second Age]].
|-
| '''y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''þ, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but most (though not all) of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] replace it with '''s''', which becomes the more common pronunciation outside [[Aman]].
|-
| '''z''' || {{IPA|[z]}} || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''r''', and they pronounce '''z''' as '''s''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
!colspan="3"| Medial Consonant Clusters
|-
| '''cc, kk''' || {{IPA|[kʰː]}}
|-
| '''ff''' || {{IPA|[ɸː~fː]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸː]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[fː]}}.
|-
| '''ht''' || {{IPA|[xt, çt~ʃt]}} || Pronounced {{IPA|[xt]}} after one of '''a o u''', but {{IPA|[çt~ʃt]}} after one of '''e i'''. For the latter, {{IPA|[çt]}} is traditional among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], but the [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce it {{IPA|[ʃt]}}.
|-
| '''hty''' || {{IPA|[çc~ʃʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[çc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃʧ]}}, merging with '''hty'''.
|-
| '''hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍː]}}
|-
| '''hy''' || {{IPA|[çː~ʃː]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[çː]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃː]}}, which merges with '''sy'''.
|-
| '''lb''' || {{IPA|[lb]}}
|-
| '''lc, lk''' || {{IPA|[lk]}}
|-
| '''ld''' || {{IPA|[ld]}}
|-
| '''lh''' || {{IPA|[lx~lh]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lx]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[lh]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''lhy''' || {{IPA|[ʎç~lʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʎç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lʃ]}}.
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}}
|-
| '''lm''' || {{IPA|[lm]}}
|-
| '''lp''' || {{IPA|[lp]}}
|-
| '''lqu''' || {{IPA|[lkʷ]}}
|-
| '''lt''' || {{IPA|[lt]}}
|-
| '''lty''' || {{IPA|[ʎc~lʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʎc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lʧ]}}.
|-
| '''lv''' || {{IPA|[lv~lβ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lβ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lv]}}, if they don't prefer '''lb''' instead.
|-
| '''lw''' || {{IPA|[lw]}}
|-
| '''ly''' || {{IPA|[ʎj~lj]}}
|-
| '''mb''' || {{IPA|[mb]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}}
|-
| '''mn''' || {{IPA|[mn]}}
|-
| '''mp''' || {{IPA|[mp]}}
|-
| '''my''' || {{IPA|[mj]}}
|-
| '''nc, nk''' || {{IPA|[ŋk]}}
|-
| '''nd''' || {{IPA|[nd]}}
|-
| '''ndy''' || {{IPA|[ɲɟ~nʤ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʤ]}}. Among [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Gondor]] this has merged with '''ny'''.
|-
| '''ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}}
|-
| '''ngw''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷɡʷ]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}}
|-
| '''nqu''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷkʷ]}}
|-
| '''nt''' || {{IPA|[nt]}}
|-
| '''nty''' || {{IPA|[ɲc~nʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʧ]}}.
|-
| '''nw''' || {{IPA|[nw]}}
|-
| '''ny''' || {{IPA|[ɲj~nj]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲj]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nj]}}.
|-
| '''pp''' || {{IPA|[pː]}}
|-
| '''ps''' || {{IPA|[ps]}}
|-
| '''pt''' || {{IPA|[pt]}}
|-
| '''py''' || {{IPA|[pç~pʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[pç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[pʃ]}}.
|-
| '''qu''' || {{IPA|[kʷʍ]}}
|-
| '''rc, rk''' || {{IPA|[rk]}}
|-
| '''rd''' || {{IPA|[rd]}}
|-
| '''rh''' || {{IPA|[rx~rh]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rx]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[rh]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''rhw''' || {{IPA|[rʍ]}}
|-
| '''rm''' || {{IPA|[rm]}}
|-
| '''rn''' || {{IPA|[rn]}}
|-
| '''rp''' || {{IPA|[rp]}}
|-
| '''rqu''' || {{IPA|[rkʷ]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}}
|-
| '''rs''' || {{IPA|[rs]}} || Not normally known to exist in Quenya. Occurs in ''[[Narsil]]'', which is a contraction of ''[[Sun|Anar]]-[[Moon#Other names|Isil]]''.
|-
| '''rt''' || {{IPA|[rt]}}
|-
| '''rv''' || {{IPA|[rv~rβ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rv]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rβ]}}.
|-
| '''rw''' || {{IPA|[rw]}}
|-
| '''ry''' || {{IPA|[rj]}}
|-
| '''sc, sk''' || {{IPA|[sk]}}
|-
| '''sp''' || {{IPA|[sp]}}
|-
| '''squ''' || {{IPA|[skʷ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}}
|-
| '''st''' || {{IPA|[st]}}
|-
| '''sty''' || {{IPA|[ɕc]}} || Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], this is distinct from '''hty'''. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃʧ]}}, merging with '''hty'''.
|-
| '''sw''' || {{IPA|[sʍ]}} || This phoneme is not believed to occur among the [[Vanyar]], who use '''zw''' or '''þw''' instead.
|-
| '''sy''' || {{IPA|[ɕç]}} || Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], this is distinct from '''hy'''. [[Gondor]] pronounces this [[ʃː]], which merges with '''hy'''. This phoneme is not believed to occur among the [[Vanyar]], who use '''zy''' or '''þy''' instead.
|-
| '''ts''' || {{IPA|[ts]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tʰː]}}
|-
| '''tw''' || {{IPA|[tʍ]}}
|-
| '''ty''' || {{IPA|[cʰː~ʧʰː]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[cʰː]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʧʰː]}}.
|-
| '''vy''' || {{IPA|[vj~βj]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[vj]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[βj]}}.
|-
| '''x''' || {{IPA|[ks]}}
|-
| '''zw''' || {{IPA|[zw]}} || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''rw''', and they pronounce '''zw''' as '''sw''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
| '''zy''' || || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but their pronunciation of it is not entirely certain. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''ry''', and they pronounce '''zy''' as '''sy''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
| '''þw, thw''' || {{IPA|[θʍ]}}
|-
| '''þy, thy''' || {{IPA|[θç~θʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] (at least those Ñoldor who retain '''þ''') pronounce this {{IPA|[θç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[θʃ]}}.
|-
| '''þþ, thth''' || {{IPA|[θː]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Final Consonants
|-
| '''l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nt''' || {{IPA|[nt]}} || The only known consonant cluster that may occur at the end of a word.
|-
| '''r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|}

====additional notes====
* Syllable stress is not phonemic in Quenya, but the language does have a well-defined syllable stress which is fairly predictable.
** In words with two syllables, the first syllable is stressed.
** In words with three or more syllables, the antepenultimate (third-to-last) syllable is ''usually'' stressed. However:
** If the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable is either a long vowel, a diphthong, or ends with a consonant cluster (including '''x'''), then this syllable is stressed.

===[[Sindarin]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a, ä''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Á, á''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ae, ae''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɛ]}} || Diphthong. This is similar in sound to '''ai''', but is distinguished by ending with a more open vowel.
|-
| '''Ai, ai''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''Au, au, Aw, aw''' || {{IPA|[a͡ʊ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''C, c''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Ch, ch''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || {{IPA|[x]}} is traditional. [[Gondor]] pronounces this {{IPA|[h]}}.
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''Dh, dh''' || {{IPA|[ð]}} || In some circumstances, '''dh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''d-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''E, e, ë''' || {{IPA|[ɛ]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''É, é''' || {{IPA|[ɛː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[ɛːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ei, ei''' || {{IPA|[ɛ͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[f, v]}} || Pronounced {{IPA|[f]}} normally, but is {{IPA|[v]}} before '''n''' and at the ends of words.
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''Hw, hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍ]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i, j]}} || Short vowel. Pronounced {{IPA|[j]}} when unstressed neighboring another vowel (where practical—in names like ''[[Galadriel]]'' it might not be). Pronounced {{IPA|[i]}} elsewhere.
|-
| '''Í, í''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''Lh, lh''' || {{IPA|[ɬ]}} || In some circumstances, '''lh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''l-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''Mh, mh''' || {{IPA|[ṽ]}} || An older Sindarin consonant that soon becomes '''v'''. Also, in some circumstances, '''mh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''m-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nc''' || {{IPA|[ŋk]}}
|-
| '''Ng, ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋɡ, ŋ]}} || Normally pronounced {{IPA|[ŋ]}}, but is {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}} between two vowels.
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''O, o, ö''' || {{IPA|[ɔ]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ó, ó''' || {{IPA|[ɔː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[ɔːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Oe, oe''' || {{IPA|[ɔ͡ɛ, ø~ɛ]}} || Confusingly, this represents two sounds in [[First Age]] Sindarin. {{IPA|[oe]}} is a diphthong, and {{IPA|[ø]}} is a single vowel. The latter later becomes pronounced and written like '''e'''. Perhaps the most famous word known to be spelled with '''oe''' as {{IPA|[ø]}} is ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]''.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Ph, ph''' || {{IPA|[fː, f]}} || Normally pronounced {{IPA|[fː]}}, but is {{IPA|[f]}} at the end of a word. In some circumstances, ''ph'' is actually the consonant cluster ''p-h'', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''Rh, rh''' || {{IPA|[r̥]}} || In some circumstances, '''rh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''r-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}}
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ú, ú''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ui, ui''' || {{IPA|[u͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[v]}}
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}}
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[y~i]}} || Short vowel. The traditional pronunciation is {{IPA|[y]}}. By the [[Third Age]], all varieties of {{IPA|[y]}} become pronounced {{IPA|[i]}} instead.
|-
| '''Ý, ý''' || {{IPA|[yː~iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ŷ, ŷ''' || {{IPA|[yːː~iːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|}
====additional notes====
*Sindarin has a very predictable syllable stress pattern, which is virtually identical to [[#Quenya|Quenya]]'s.

==References==
* [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/ Ardalambion]

[[Category:Linguistics|IPA]]

Tolkien Gateway:IPA

2017-01-18T15:20:23Z

89.173.26.247: /* Quenya */

These are charts for pronouncing some of the principal [[languages]] of [[Arda]] using the [[Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]. Many of these IPA articulations are not going to be 100% ''exact'' (there are no laboratory recordings of the speech of real-life [[Eldar]], considering they are fictional), but they are phonemic.

==Charts==

===[[Adûnaic]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''bb''' || {{IPA|[bː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''dd''' || {{IPA|[dː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[eː]}} || '''ê''' is how '''ai''' are pronounced together. There is (properly) no short '''e'''. The name ''[[Zimraphel]]'' may be an exception, though it may also actually be ''Zimraphêl''.
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''gg''' || {{IPA|[ɡː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Kh, kh''' || {{IPA|[x]}}
|-
| '''kk''' || {{IPA|[kː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''kkh''' || {{IPA|[kx]}} || Geminate consonant of '''kh'''.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[oː]}} || '''ô''' is how '''au''' are pronounced together. There is no short '''o'''.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Ph, ph''' || {{IPA|[f]}}
|-
| '''pp''' || {{IPA|[pː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''pph''' || {{IPA|[pf]}} || Geminate consonant of '''ph'''.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''Sh, sh''' || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''tth''' || {{IPA|[tθ]}} || Geminate consonant of '''th'''.
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[v]}}
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}}
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Z, z''' || {{IPA|[z]}}
|}

===[[Khuzdul]]===
Note that there is no '''p''' or '''ph''' in Khuzdul.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''dd''' || {{IPA|[dː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''E, e''' || {{IPA|[e]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[eː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[f]}}
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''gg''' || {{IPA|[ɡː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Gh, gh''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}}
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Kh, kh''' || {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
|-
| '''kk''' || {{IPA|[kː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''kkh''' || {{IPA|[kʰː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''O, o''' || {{IPA|[o]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[oː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''Sh, sh''' || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''tth''' || {{IPA|[tʰː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Z, z''' || {{IPA|[z]}}
|}

===[[Quenya]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
!colspan="3"| Short Vowels
|-
| '''A, a, ä''' || {{IPA|[a]}}
|-
| '''E, e, ë''' || {{IPA|[ɛ]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}}
|-
| '''O, o, ö''' || {{IPA|[ɔ]}}
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Long Vowels
|-
| '''Á, á''' || {{IPA|[aː]}}
|-
| '''É, é''' || {{IPA|[eː]}}
|-
| '''Í, í''' || {{IPA|[iː]}}
|-
| '''Ó, ó''' || {{IPA|[oː]}}
|-
| '''Ú, ú''' || {{IPA|[uː]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Diphthongs
|-
| '''Ai, ai''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɪ]}}
|-
| '''Au, au''' || {{IPA|[a͡ʊ]}}
|-
| '''Eu, eu''' || {{IPA|[ɛ͡ʊ]}}
|-
| '''Iu, iu''' || {{IPA|[ɪ͡ʊ]}} || [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[juː]}}.
|-
| '''Oi, oi''' || {{IPA|[ɔ͡ɪ]}}
|-
| '''Ui, ui''' || {{IPA|[ʊ͡ɪ]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Initial Consonants
|-
| '''C, c, K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[ɸ~f]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[f]}}.
|-
| '''Ȝ, ȝ''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}} || Extinct phoneme which still existed in the written Quenya of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]'s [[sarati]].
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[x]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[h]}}.
|-
| '''Hl, hl''' || {{IPA|[ɬ~l]}} || Traditionally {{IPA|[ɬ]}}. By the [[Third Age]] in [[Middle-earth]], it is pronounced {{IPA|[l]}}. This phoneme cannot occur medially, where '''ll''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Hr, hr''' || {{IPA|[r̥]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where '''rr''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Hw, hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍ]}}
|-
| '''Hy, hy''' || {{IPA|[ç~ʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃ]}}.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''Ñ, ñ, Ng, ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋ]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where medial '''ng''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Nw, nw''' || {{IPA|[nˠʷ]}} || Initial '''ñw''' becomes '''nw''' in [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. They are not separate phonemes when initial.
|-
| '''Ñw, ñw, Ngw, ngw''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷ]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where medial '''ngw''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Ny, ny''' || {{IPA|[ɲ~nʲ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲ]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʲ]}}.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Qu, qu''' || {{IPA|[kʷ]}}
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Ty, ty''' || {{IPA|[c~ʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[c]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʧ]}}.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[β~v]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[β]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[v]}}.
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}} || As an initial consonant, this mostly merges with '''v''' outside [[Aman]] in the [[Second Age]].
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Þ, þ, Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but most (though not all) of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] replace it with '''s''', which becomes the more common pronunciation outside [[Aman]].
|-
!colspan="3"| Medial Single Consonants
|-
| '''c, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''d''' || || As a medial single consonant, this poorly-understood phoneme is only known to occur in the [[Vanyar]]in word ''[[Aldudénië]]''.
|-
| '''f''' || {{IPA|[ɸ~f]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[f]}}.
|-
| '''ȝ''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}} || Extinct phoneme which still existed in the written Quenya of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]'s [[sarati]].
|-
| '''h''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[x]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[h]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''s''' || {{IPA|[s]}} || The [[Vanyar]] do not use this single consonant medially, where either '''z''' or '''þ''' are used instead.
|-
| '''t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''v''' || {{IPA|[β~v]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[β]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[v]}}.
|-
| '''w''' || {{IPA|[w]}} || As a single medial consonant, this mostly merges with '''v''' outside [[Aman]] in the [[Second Age]].
|-
| '''y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''þ, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but most (though not all) of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] replace it with '''s''', which becomes the more common pronunciation outside [[Aman]].
|-
| '''z''' || {{IPA|[z]}} || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''r''', and they pronounce '''z''' as '''s''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
!colspan="3"| Medial Consonant Clusters
|-
| '''cc, kk''' || {{IPA|[kʰː]}}
|-
| '''ff''' || {{IPA|[ɸː~fː]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸː]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[fː]}}.
|-
| '''ht''' || {{IPA|[xt, çt~ʃt]}} || Pronounced {{IPA|[xt]}} after one of '''a o u''', but {{IPA|[çt~ʃt]}} after one of '''e i'''. For the latter, {{IPA|[çt]}} is traditional among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], but the [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce it {{IPA|[ʃt]}}.
|-
| '''hty''' || {{IPA|[çc~ʃʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[çc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃʧ]}}, merging with '''hty'''.
|-
| '''hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍː]}}
|-
| '''hy''' || {{IPA|[çː~ʃː]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[çː]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃː]}}, which merges with '''sy'''.
|-
| '''lb''' || {{IPA|[lb]}}
|-
| '''lc, lk''' || {{IPA|[lk]}}
|-
| '''ld''' || {{IPA|[ld]}}
|-
| '''lh''' || {{IPA|[lx~lh]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lx]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[lh]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''lhy''' || {{IPA|[ʎç~lʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʎç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lʃ]}}.
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}}
|-
| '''lm''' || {{IPA|[lm]}}
|-
| '''lp''' || {{IPA|[lp]}}
|-
| '''lqu''' || {{IPA|[lkʷ]}}
|-
| '''lt''' || {{IPA|[lt]}}
|-
| '''lty''' || {{IPA|[ʎc~lʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʎc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lʧ]}}.
|-
| '''lv''' || {{IPA|[lv~lβ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lβ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lv]}}, if they don't prefer '''lb''' instead.
|-
| '''lw''' || {{IPA|[lw]}}
|-
| '''ly''' || {{IPA|[ʎj~lj]}}
|-
| '''mb''' || {{IPA|[mb]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}}
|-
| '''mn''' || {{IPA|[mn]}}
|-
| '''mp''' || {{IPA|[mp]}}
|-
| '''my''' || {{IPA|[mj]}}
|-
| '''nc, nk''' || {{IPA|[ŋk]}}
|-
| '''nd''' || {{IPA|[nd]}}
|-
| '''ndy''' || {{IPA|[ɲɟ~nʤ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʤ]}}. Among [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Gondor]] this has merged with '''ny'''.
|-
| '''ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}}
|-
| '''ngw''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷɡʷ]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}}
|-
| '''nqu''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷkʷ]}}
|-
| '''nt''' || {{IPA|[nt]}}
|-
| '''nty''' || {{IPA|[ɲc~nʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʧ]}}.
|-
| '''nw''' || {{IPA|[nw]}}
|-
| '''ny''' || {{IPA|[ɲj~nj]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲj]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nj]}}.
|-
| '''pp''' || {{IPA|[pː]}}
|-
| '''ps''' || {{IPA|[ps]}}
|-
| '''pt''' || {{IPA|[pt]}}
|-
| '''py''' || {{IPA|[pç~pʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[pç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[pʃ]}}.
|-
| '''qu''' || {{IPA|[kʷʍ]}}
|-
| '''rc, rk''' || {{IPA|[rk]}}
|-
| '''rd''' || {{IPA|[rd]}}
|-
| '''rh''' || {{IPA|[rx~rh]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rx]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[rh]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''rhw''' || {{IPA|[rʍ]}}
|-
| '''rm''' || {{IPA|[rm]}}
|-
| '''rn''' || {{IPA|[rn]}}
|-
| '''rp''' || {{IPA|[rp]}}
|-
| '''rqu''' || {{IPA|[rkʷ]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}}
|-
| '''rs''' || {{IPA|[rs]}} || Not normally known to exist in Quenya. Occurs in ''[[Narsil]]'', which is a contraction of ''[[Sun|Anar]]-[[Moon#Other names|Isil]]''.
|-
| '''rt''' || {{IPA|[rt]}}
|-
| '''rv''' || {{IPA|[rv~rβ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rv]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rβ]}}.
|-
| '''rw''' || {{IPA|[rw]}}
|-
| '''ry''' || {{IPA|[rj]}}
|-
| '''sc, sk''' || {{IPA|[sk]}}
|-
| '''sp''' || {{IPA|[sp]}}
|-
| '''squ''' || {{IPA|[skʷ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}}
|-
| '''st''' || {{IPA|[st]}}
|-
| '''sty''' || {{IPA|[ɕc]}} || Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], this is distinct from '''hty'''. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃʧ]}}, merging with '''hty'''.
|-
| '''sw''' || {{IPA|[sʍ]}} || This phoneme is not believed to occur among the [[Vanyar]], who use '''zw''' or '''þw''' instead.
|-
| '''sy''' || {{IPA|[ɕç]}} || Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], this is distinct from '''hy'''. [[Gondor]] pronounces this [[ʃː]], which merges with '''hy'''. This phoneme is not believed to occur among the [[Vanyar]], who use '''zy''' or '''þy''' instead.
|-
| '''ts''' || {{IPA|[ts]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tʰː]}}
|-
| '''tw''' || {{IPA|[tʍ]}}
|-
| '''ty''' || {{IPA|[cʰː~ʧʰː]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[cʰː]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʧʰː]}}.
|-
| '''vy''' || {{IPA|[vj~βj]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[vj]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[βj]}}.
|-
| '''x''' || {{IPA|[ks]}}
|-
| '''zw''' || {{IPA|[zw]}} || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''rw''', and they pronounce '''zw''' as '''sw''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
| '''zy''' || || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but their pronunciation of it is not entirely certain. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''ry''', and they pronounce '''zy''' as '''sy''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
| '''þw, thw''' || {{IPA|[θʍ]}}
|-
| '''þy, thy''' || {{IPA|[θç~θʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] (at least those Ñoldor who retain '''þ''') pronounce this {{IPA|[θç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[θʃ]}}.
|-
| '''þþ, thth''' || {{IPA|[θː]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Final Consonants
|-
| '''l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nt''' || {{IPA|[nt]}} || The only known consonant cluster that may occur at the end of a word.
|-
| '''r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|}

====additional notes====
* Syllable stress is not phonemic in Quenya, but the language does have a well-defined syllable stress which is fairly predictable.
** In words with two syllables, the first syllable is stressed.
** In words with three or more syllables, the antepenultimate (third-to-last) syllable is ''usually'' stressed. However:
** If the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable is either a long vowel, a diphthong, or ends with a consonant cluster (including '''x'''), then this syllable is stressed.

===[[Sindarin]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a, ä''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Á, á''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ae, ae''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɛ]}} || Diphthong. This is similar in sound to '''ai''', but is distinguished by ending with a more open vowel.
|-
| '''Ai, ai''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''Au, au, Aw, aw''' || {{IPA|[a͡ʊ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''C, c''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Ch, ch''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || {{IPA|[x]}} is traditional. [[Gondor]] pronounces this {{IPA|[h]}}.
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''Dh, dh''' || {{IPA|[ð]}} || In some circumstances, '''dh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''d-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''E, e, ë''' || {{IPA|[e]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''É, é''' || {{IPA|[eː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[eːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ei, ei''' || {{IPA|[e͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[f, v]}} || Pronounced {{IPA|[f]}} normally, but is {{IPA|[v]}} before '''n''' and at the ends of words.
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''Hw, hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍ]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i, j]}} || Short vowel. Pronounced {{IPA|[j]}} when unstressed neighboring another vowel (where practical—in names like ''[[Galadriel]]'' it might not be). Pronounced {{IPA|[i]}} elsewhere.
|-
| '''Í, í''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''Lh, lh''' || {{IPA|[ɬ]}} || In some circumstances, '''lh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''l-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''Mh, mh''' || {{IPA|[ṽ]}} || An older Sindarin consonant that soon becomes '''v'''. Also, in some circumstances, '''mh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''m-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nc''' || {{IPA|[ŋk]}}
|-
| '''Ng, ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋɡ, ŋ]}} || Normally pronounced {{IPA|[ŋ]}}, but is {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}} between two vowels.
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''O, o, ö''' || {{IPA|[o]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ó, ó''' || {{IPA|[oː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[oːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Oe, oe''' || {{IPA|[o͡e, ø~e]}} || Confusingly, this represents two sounds in [[First Age]] Sindarin. {{IPA|[oe]}} is a diphthong, and {{IPA|[ø]}} is a single vowel. The latter later becomes pronounced and written like '''e'''. Perhaps the most famous word known to be spelled with '''oe''' as {{IPA|[ø]}} is ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]''.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Ph, ph''' || {{IPA|[fː, f]}} || Normally pronounced {{IPA|[fː]}}, but is {{IPA|[f]}} at the end of a word. In some circumstances, ''ph'' is actually the consonant cluster ''p-h'', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''Rh, rh''' || {{IPA|[r̥]}} || In some circumstances, '''rh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''r-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}}
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ú, ú''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ui, ui''' || {{IPA|[u͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[v]}}
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}}
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[y~i]}} || Short vowel. The traditional pronunciation is {{IPA|[y]}}. By the [[Third Age]], all varieties of {{IPA|[y]}} become pronounced {{IPA|[i]}} instead.
|-
| '''Ý, ý''' || {{IPA|[yː~iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ŷ, ŷ''' || {{IPA|[yːː~iːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|}
====additional notes====
*Sindarin has a very predictable syllable stress pattern, which is virtually identical to [[#Quenya|Quenya]]'s.

==References==
* [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/ Ardalambion]

[[Category:Linguistics|IPA]]

Curufinwë

2017-01-18T15:12:36Z

89.173.26.247:

{{Pronounce|Curufinwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Curufinwë''' ([[Quenya|Q]] "Skillful (son of) [[Finwë]]", pron. {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈfinwɛ]}}), was the [[father-name]] of the [[Noldor|Noldorin Elf]] who is more commonly known as [[Fëanor]]. This name was also given to [[Curufin]] his son, of whose [[Sindarin]] name is a condensed form.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 352</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Curufinwe}}
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[de:Feanor]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:curufinwe]]
[[fi:Curufinwë]]

Nelyafinwë

2017-01-18T15:09:59Z

89.173.26.247:

'''''Nelyafinwë''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌnɛʎaˈfinwɛ]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌnɛʎaˈɸinwɛ]}}) was the [[father-name]] of [[Maedhros]], eldest son of [[Fëanor]]. Formed by adding up the [[Quenya]] adjective ''[[nelya]]'', which means "third" to the name of his [[Finwë|grandfather]], it can be translated as "Third Finwë".<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of the Sons of Fëanor with the legend of the fate of Amrod''</ref> The name was not used in Middle-earth since the [[Noldor]] exiles spoke [[Sindarin]] there after Thingol's decree.<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nelyafinwe}}
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/nelyafinwe]]
[[fi:Nelyafinwë]]

Makalaurë

2017-01-18T15:09:22Z

89.173.26.247:

'''''Makalaurë''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˌmakaˈlaʊrɛ]}}) was the [[Amilessë|mother-name]] of [[Maglor]], second son of [[Fëanor]]. In the [[The Etymologies]] it is translated as "Gold-cleaver",<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref> while [[The Shibboleth of Feanor]] explains that the name might be connected to his skill in harping, whose sound was golden.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of the Sons of Fëanor with the legend of the fate of Amrod'', p. 353</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Makalaure}}
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Maglor#Sonstiges]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/makalaure]]
[[fi:Maglor#Maglorin nimist.C3.A4]]

Tolkien Gateway:IPA

2016-10-21T13:24:31Z

89.173.26.247: /* Quenya */

These are charts for pronouncing some of the principal [[languages]] of [[Arda]] using the [[Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]. Many of these IPA articulations are not going to be 100% ''exact'' (there are no laboratory recordings of the speech of real-life [[Eldar]], considering they are fictional), but they are phonemic.

==Charts==

===[[Adûnaic]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''bb''' || {{IPA|[bː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''dd''' || {{IPA|[dː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[eː]}} || '''ê''' is how '''ai''' are pronounced together. There is (properly) no short '''e'''. The name ''[[Zimraphel]]'' may be an exception, though it may also actually be ''Zimraphêl''.
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''gg''' || {{IPA|[ɡː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Kh, kh''' || {{IPA|[x]}}
|-
| '''kk''' || {{IPA|[kː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''kkh''' || {{IPA|[kx]}} || Geminate consonant of '''kh'''.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[oː]}} || '''ô''' is how '''au''' are pronounced together. There is no short '''o'''.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Ph, ph''' || {{IPA|[f]}}
|-
| '''pp''' || {{IPA|[pː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''pph''' || {{IPA|[pf]}} || Geminate consonant of '''ph'''.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''Sh, sh''' || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''tth''' || {{IPA|[tθ]}} || Geminate consonant of '''th'''.
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[v]}}
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}}
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Z, z''' || {{IPA|[z]}}
|}

===[[Khuzdul]]===
Note that there is no '''p''' or '''ph''' in Khuzdul.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''dd''' || {{IPA|[dː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''E, e''' || {{IPA|[e]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[eː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[f]}}
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''gg''' || {{IPA|[ɡː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''Gh, gh''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}}
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Kh, kh''' || {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
|-
| '''kk''' || {{IPA|[kː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''kkh''' || {{IPA|[kʰː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''O, o''' || {{IPA|[o]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[oː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''Sh, sh''' || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''tth''' || {{IPA|[tʰː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Z, z''' || {{IPA|[z]}}
|}

===[[Quenya]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
!colspan="3"| Short Vowels
|-
| '''A, a, ä''' || {{IPA|[a]}}
|-
| '''E, e, ë''' || {{IPA|[e]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i]}}
|-
| '''O, o, ö''' || {{IPA|[o]}}
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Long Vowels
|-
| '''Á, á''' || {{IPA|[aː]}}
|-
| '''É, é''' || {{IPA|[eː]}}
|-
| '''Í, í''' || {{IPA|[iː]}}
|-
| '''Ó, ó''' || {{IPA|[oː]}}
|-
| '''Ú, ú''' || {{IPA|[uː]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Diphthongs
|-
| '''Ai, ai''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɪ]}}
|-
| '''Au, au''' || {{IPA|[a͡ʊ]}}
|-
| '''Eu, eu''' || {{IPA|[ɛ͡ʊ]}}
|-
| '''Iu, iu''' || {{IPA|[ɪ͡ʊ]}} || [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[juː]}}.
|-
| '''Oi, oi''' || {{IPA|[ɔ͡ɪ]}}
|-
| '''Ui, ui''' || {{IPA|[ʊ͡ɪ]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Initial Consonants
|-
| '''C, c, K, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[ɸ~f]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[f]}}.
|-
| '''Ȝ, ȝ''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}} || Extinct phoneme which still existed in the written Quenya of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]'s [[sarati]].
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[x]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[h]}}.
|-
| '''Hl, hl''' || {{IPA|[ɬ~l]}} || Traditionally {{IPA|[ɬ]}}. By the [[Third Age]] in [[Middle-earth]], it is pronounced {{IPA|[l]}}. This phoneme cannot occur medially, where '''ll''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Hr, hr''' || {{IPA|[r̥]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where '''rr''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Hw, hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍ]}}
|-
| '''Hy, hy''' || {{IPA|[ç~ʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃ]}}.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''Ñ, ñ, Ng, ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋ]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where medial '''ng''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Nw, nw''' || {{IPA|[nˠʷ]}} || Initial '''ñw''' becomes '''nw''' in [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. They are not separate phonemes when initial.
|-
| '''Ñw, ñw, Ngw, ngw''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷ]}} || This phoneme cannot occur medially, where medial '''ngw''' is used instead.
|-
| '''Ny, ny''' || {{IPA|[ɲ~nʲ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲ]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʲ]}}.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Qu, qu''' || {{IPA|[kʷ]}}
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Ty, ty''' || {{IPA|[c~ʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[c]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʧ]}}.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[β~v]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[β]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[v]}}.
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}} || As an initial consonant, this mostly merges with '''v''' outside [[Aman]] in the [[Second Age]].
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Þ, þ, Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but most (though not all) of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] replace it with '''s''', which becomes the more common pronunciation outside [[Aman]].
|-
!colspan="3"| Medial Single Consonants
|-
| '''c, k''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''d''' || || As a medial single consonant, this poorly-understood phoneme is only known to occur in the [[Vanyar]]in word ''[[Aldudénië]]''.
|-
| '''f''' || {{IPA|[ɸ~f]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[f]}}.
|-
| '''ȝ''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}} || Extinct phoneme which still existed in the written Quenya of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]'s [[sarati]].
|-
| '''h''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[x]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[h]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''s''' || {{IPA|[s]}} || The [[Vanyar]] do not use this single consonant medially, where either '''z''' or '''þ''' are used instead.
|-
| '''t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''v''' || {{IPA|[β~v]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[β]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[v]}}.
|-
| '''w''' || {{IPA|[w]}} || As a single medial consonant, this mostly merges with '''v''' outside [[Aman]] in the [[Second Age]].
|-
| '''y''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''þ, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but most (though not all) of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] replace it with '''s''', which becomes the more common pronunciation outside [[Aman]].
|-
| '''z''' || {{IPA|[z]}} || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''r''', and they pronounce '''z''' as '''s''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
!colspan="3"| Medial Consonant Clusters
|-
| '''cc, kk''' || {{IPA|[kʰː]}}
|-
| '''ff''' || {{IPA|[ɸː~fː]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɸː]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Middle-earth]] pronounce this {{IPA|[fː]}}.
|-
| '''ht''' || {{IPA|[xt, çt~ʃt]}} || Pronounced {{IPA|[xt]}} after one of '''a o u''', but {{IPA|[çt~ʃt]}} after one of '''e i'''. For the latter, {{IPA|[çt]}} is traditional among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], but the [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce it {{IPA|[ʃt]}}.
|-
| '''hty''' || {{IPA|[çc~ʃʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[çc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃʧ]}}, merging with '''hty'''.
|-
| '''hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍː]}}
|-
| '''hy''' || {{IPA|[çː~ʃː]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[çː]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃː]}}, which merges with '''sy'''.
|-
| '''lb''' || {{IPA|[lb]}}
|-
| '''lc, lk''' || {{IPA|[lk]}}
|-
| '''ld''' || {{IPA|[ld]}}
|-
| '''lh''' || {{IPA|[lx~lh]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lx]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[lh]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''lhy''' || {{IPA|[ʎç~lʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʎç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lʃ]}}.
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}}
|-
| '''lm''' || {{IPA|[lm]}}
|-
| '''lp''' || {{IPA|[lp]}}
|-
| '''lqu''' || {{IPA|[lkʷ]}}
|-
| '''lt''' || {{IPA|[lt]}}
|-
| '''lty''' || {{IPA|[ʎc~lʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʎc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lʧ]}}.
|-
| '''lv''' || {{IPA|[lv~lβ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lβ]}}. The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[lv]}}, if they don't prefer '''lb''' instead.
|-
| '''lw''' || {{IPA|[lw]}}
|-
| '''ly''' || {{IPA|[ʎj~lj]}}
|-
| '''mb''' || {{IPA|[mb]}}
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}}
|-
| '''mn''' || {{IPA|[mn]}}
|-
| '''mp''' || {{IPA|[mp]}}
|-
| '''my''' || {{IPA|[mj]}}
|-
| '''nc, nk''' || {{IPA|[ŋk]}}
|-
| '''nd''' || {{IPA|[nd]}}
|-
| '''ndy''' || {{IPA|[ɲɟ~nʤ]}} || The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʤ]}}. Among [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and [[Gondor]] this has merged with '''ny'''.
|-
| '''ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}}
|-
| '''ngw''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷɡʷ]}}
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}}
|-
| '''nqu''' || {{IPA|[ŋʷkʷ]}}
|-
| '''nt''' || {{IPA|[nt]}}
|-
| '''nty''' || {{IPA|[ɲc~nʧ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲc]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nʧ]}}.
|-
| '''nw''' || {{IPA|[nw]}}
|-
| '''ny''' || {{IPA|[ɲj~nj]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ɲj]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[nj]}}.
|-
| '''pp''' || {{IPA|[pː]}}
|-
| '''ps''' || {{IPA|[ps]}}
|-
| '''pt''' || {{IPA|[pt]}}
|-
| '''py''' || {{IPA|[pç~pʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[pç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[pʃ]}}.
|-
| '''qu''' || {{IPA|[kʷʍ]}}
|-
| '''rc, rk''' || {{IPA|[rk]}}
|-
| '''rd''' || {{IPA|[rd]}}
|-
| '''rh''' || {{IPA|[rx~rh]}} || The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rx]}}. [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]] pronounces this {{IPA|[rh]}} in all locations.
|-
| '''rhw''' || {{IPA|[rʍ]}}
|-
| '''rm''' || {{IPA|[rm]}}
|-
| '''rn''' || {{IPA|[rn]}}
|-
| '''rp''' || {{IPA|[rp]}}
|-
| '''rqu''' || {{IPA|[rkʷ]}}
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}}
|-
| '''rs''' || {{IPA|[rs]}} || Not normally known to exist in Quenya. Occurs in ''[[Narsil]]'', which is a contraction of ''[[Sun|Anar]]-[[Moon#Other names|Isil]]''.
|-
| '''rt''' || {{IPA|[rt]}}
|-
| '''rv''' || {{IPA|[rv~rβ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rv]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[rβ]}}.
|-
| '''rw''' || {{IPA|[rw]}}
|-
| '''ry''' || {{IPA|[rj]}}
|-
| '''sc, sk''' || {{IPA|[sk]}}
|-
| '''sp''' || {{IPA|[sp]}}
|-
| '''squ''' || {{IPA|[skʷ]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}}
|-
| '''st''' || {{IPA|[st]}}
|-
| '''sty''' || {{IPA|[ɕc]}} || Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], this is distinct from '''hty'''. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʃʧ]}}, merging with '''hty'''.
|-
| '''sw''' || {{IPA|[sʍ]}} || This phoneme is not believed to occur among the [[Vanyar]], who use '''zw''' or '''þw''' instead.
|-
| '''sy''' || {{IPA|[ɕç]}} || Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], this is distinct from '''hy'''. [[Gondor]] pronounces this [[ʃː]], which merges with '''hy'''. This phoneme is not believed to occur among the [[Vanyar]], who use '''zy''' or '''þy''' instead.
|-
| '''ts''' || {{IPA|[ts]}}
|-
| '''tt''' || {{IPA|[tʰː]}}
|-
| '''tw''' || {{IPA|[tʍ]}}
|-
| '''ty''' || {{IPA|[cʰː~ʧʰː]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[cʰː]}}. The [[Vanyar]] and [[Gondor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[ʧʰː]}}.
|-
| '''vy''' || {{IPA|[vj~βj]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] pronounce this {{IPA|[vj]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[βj]}}.
|-
| '''x''' || {{IPA|[ks]}}
|-
| '''zw''' || {{IPA|[zw]}} || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''rw''', and they pronounce '''zw''' as '''sw''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
| '''zy''' || || Only the [[Vanyar]] retain this phoneme, but their pronunciation of it is not entirely certain. Among the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] it becomes '''ry''', and they pronounce '''zy''' as '''sy''' when reading Vanyarin texts.
|-
| '''þw, thw''' || {{IPA|[θʍ]}}
|-
| '''þy, thy''' || {{IPA|[θç~θʃ]}} || The [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] (at least those Ñoldor who retain '''þ''') pronounce this {{IPA|[θç]}}. The [[Vanyar]] pronounce this {{IPA|[θʃ]}}.
|-
| '''þþ, thth''' || {{IPA|[θː]}}
|-
!colspan="3"| Final Consonants
|-
| '''l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nt''' || {{IPA|[nt]}} || The only known consonant cluster that may occur at the end of a word.
|-
| '''r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|}

====additional notes====
* Syllable stress is not phonemic in Quenya, but the language does have a well-defined syllable stress which is fairly predictable.
** In words with two syllables, the first syllable is stressed.
** In words with three or more syllables, the antepenultimate (third-to-last) syllable is ''usually'' stressed. However:
** If the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable is either a long vowel, a diphthong, or ends with a consonant cluster (including '''x'''), then this syllable is stressed.

===[[Sindarin]]===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Spelling
!IPA
!Notes
|-
| '''A, a, ä''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Á, á''' || {{IPA|[aː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Â, â''' || {{IPA|[aːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ae, ae''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɛ]}} || Diphthong. This is similar in sound to '''ai''', but is distinguished by ending with a more open vowel.
|-
| '''Ai, ai''' || {{IPA|[a͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''Au, au, Aw, aw''' || {{IPA|[a͡ʊ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''B, b''' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
| '''C, c''' || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
| '''Ch, ch''' || {{IPA|[x~h]}} || {{IPA|[x]}} is traditional. [[Gondor]] pronounces this {{IPA|[h]}}.
|-
| '''D, d''' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
| '''Dh, dh''' || {{IPA|[ð]}} || In some circumstances, '''dh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''d-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''E, e, ë''' || {{IPA|[e]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''É, é''' || {{IPA|[eː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ê, ê''' || {{IPA|[eːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ei, ei''' || {{IPA|[e͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''F, f''' || {{IPA|[f, v]}} || Pronounced {{IPA|[f]}} normally, but is {{IPA|[v]}} before '''n''' and at the ends of words.
|-
| '''G, g''' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
| '''H, h''' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| '''Hw, hw''' || {{IPA|[ʍ]}}
|-
| '''I, i''' || {{IPA|[i, j]}} || Short vowel. Pronounced {{IPA|[j]}} when unstressed neighboring another vowel (where practical—in names like ''[[Galadriel]]'' it might not be). Pronounced {{IPA|[i]}} elsewhere.
|-
| '''Í, í''' || {{IPA|[iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Î, î''' || {{IPA|[iːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''L, l''' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
| '''Lh, lh''' || {{IPA|[ɬ]}} || In some circumstances, '''lh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''l-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''ll''' || {{IPA|[lː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''M, m''' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''Mh, mh''' || {{IPA|[ṽ]}} || An older Sindarin consonant that soon becomes '''v'''. Also, in some circumstances, '''mh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''m-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''mm''' || {{IPA|[mː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''N, n''' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
| '''nc''' || {{IPA|[ŋk]}}
|-
| '''Ng, ng''' || {{IPA|[ŋɡ, ŋ]}} || Normally pronounced {{IPA|[ŋ]}}, but is {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}} between two vowels.
|-
| '''nn''' || {{IPA|[nː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''O, o, ö''' || {{IPA|[o]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ó, ó''' || {{IPA|[oː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ô, ô''' || {{IPA|[oːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Oe, oe''' || {{IPA|[o͡e, ø~e]}} || Confusingly, this represents two sounds in [[First Age]] Sindarin. {{IPA|[oe]}} is a diphthong, and {{IPA|[ø]}} is a single vowel. The latter later becomes pronounced and written like '''e'''. Perhaps the most famous word known to be spelled with '''oe''' as {{IPA|[ø]}} is ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]''.
|-
| '''P, p''' || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''Ph, ph''' || {{IPA|[fː, f]}} || Normally pronounced {{IPA|[fː]}}, but is {{IPA|[f]}} at the end of a word. In some circumstances, ''ph'' is actually the consonant cluster ''p-h'', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''R, r''' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
| '''Rh, rh''' || {{IPA|[r̥]}} || In some circumstances, '''rh''' is actually the consonant cluster '''r-h''', pronounced as two separate letters.
|-
| '''rr''' || {{IPA|[rː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''S, s''' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
| '''ss''' || {{IPA|[sː]}} || Geminate consonant.
|-
| '''T, t''' || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''Th, th''' || {{IPA|[θ]}}
|-
| '''U, u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || Short vowel.
|-
| '''Ú, ú''' || {{IPA|[uː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Û, û''' || {{IPA|[uːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|-
| '''Ui, ui''' || {{IPA|[u͡ɪ]}} || Diphthong.
|-
| '''V, v''' || {{IPA|[v]}}
|-
| '''W, w''' || {{IPA|[w]}}
|-
| '''Y, y''' || {{IPA|[y~i]}} || Short vowel. The traditional pronunciation is {{IPA|[y]}}. By the [[Third Age]], all varieties of {{IPA|[y]}} become pronounced {{IPA|[i]}} instead.
|-
| '''Ý, ý''' || {{IPA|[yː~iː]}} || Long vowel.
|-
| '''Ŷ, ŷ''' || {{IPA|[yːː~iːː]}} || Extra-long vowel.
|}
====additional notes====
*Sindarin has a very predictable syllable stress pattern, which is virtually identical to [[#Quenya|Quenya]]'s.

==References==
* [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/ Ardalambion]

[[Category:Linguistics|IPA]]

Sundóma

2016-10-18T18:08:41Z

89.173.26.247:

'''Sundóma''' is the [[Quenya]] name of the central radical vowel in a [[sundocarmë]], an etymological root.

In the process of a language, the sundóma took part in the following phenomena:
;Intensification: prefixing to a sundocarmë its sundóma, usually together with its lengthening either in the first or in the last position.
;*[[LAK]]- > Á-LAK
;*[[NAR]]- > A-NÁR > [[Sun|Anar]]
;*[[THIL]]- > I-THIL > [[Moon#Other names|Isil]]
;*[[MAN]]- > A-MAN > [[Aman]]

; ''A'' infission: adding an a before the sundóma I creating an [[ohlon]] (diphthong):
;*[[SLIW]]- > ''[[slaiwâ]]''
;*[[THUS]]- > ''[[thausâ]]''

; I/Y infission: putting an i/y after the sundóma creating an [[ohlon]] (less frequently occured than the previous one):
;*[[NAK]]- > [[NAYKA]]-
;*[[WAWA]]- > [[WAIWA]]-
==Etymology==
The word ''sundóma'' means "root-vowel",<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 105</ref> from ''[[sundo]]'' "root" and ''[[óma]]'' "voice".<ref>{{webcite|website=Arda|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articlename=Quettaparma Quenyallo|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quen-eng.htm}}</ref>
{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sundoma}}
[[Category:Linguistic terms]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]