Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Portal:Languages

2011-11-29T00:50:59Z

Ainaldo: Created a redirect from Portal:Languages to Languages to get it off the most wanted.

#REDIRECT [[Languages]]

User:Ainaldo

2011-11-28T23:30:35Z

Ainaldo: Added link to my notes on The Hobbit.

== Ainaldo ==

Hi, I'm Kris Kowal. I created [http://3rin.gs 3rin.gs], an interactive map of Middle-earth. I'm looking for assistance in cross-referencing the locations on the map with the articles on Tolkien Gateway.

Anyone can create references to Tolkien Gateway (or other references) by helping me populate this [https://spreadsheets5.google.com/ccc?key=tREvCwHhBD2ijs9aFEcn-fw&authkey=CJee_rkM&hl=en&authkey=CJee_rkM#gid=0 Google Docs spreadsheet].

With thanks from KingAragorn on IRC, I've managed to scrape the [[Index:Locations|List of Place Names]] and automatically generate most of the links! Additions and corrections are welcome. The "Mapped" and "Mappable" columns, when blank, indicate that I haven't reviewed a link for whether it fits on the map.

When you browse the 3rin.gs map, there are articles with references and etymology you can traverse on the top-right. If you follow the "comments" or "discussion" link at the bottom of these articles, there is a "MAP" link in the top-right corner of each location's page, which provides a URL that you could in-turn place in the corresponding article on Tolkien Gateway. That's one approach.

Once I can cross-reference article links with my catalog of typonyms, it would be trivial for me to construct a spreadsheet of what map links. This would probably be the first step in constructing an embeddable map badge with a thumnail of each location.

I'm pretty easy to find. My email address is [mailto:kris@cixar.com kris@cixar.com]. I'm also reachable on the [http://groups.google.com/group/ennorath 3rin.gs mailing list].

== To Do ==

* Create an article for Bert, Tom, and Bill. Refer on [[Last Bridge]]

* Integrate notes from The Hobbit https://gist.github.com/1401887

General Map of Middle-earth

2011-11-27T18:59:26Z

Ainaldo: Copied note about Wayne and Scull naming the map, from The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age.

{{stub}}

[[Image:General_Map_of_Middle-earth_(Photo).jpg|thumb|A photo of the fold-out map of Middle-earth as appeared in the earliest editions.]]

''General Map of Middle-earth'' is the original, unnamed<ref group=note>The name "General Map of Middle-earth" appears to be coined by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]].</ref> map of [[Middle-earth]] that [[Christopher Tolkien]] made in late [[1953]] for the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, "The Maps of ''The Lord of the Rings''", pp. lv-lxvii</ref><ref>{{L|187}}, p. 247</ref> It was later replaced by [[Christopher Tolkien]]’s redrawing, [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]] that first appeared in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and since [[2005]] in the [[HarperCollins]] editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

{{references|notes}}
{{maps}}
[[Category:Maps of Northwestern Middle-earth]]

The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age

2011-11-26T05:57:16Z

Ainaldo:

{{stub}}
'''The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age''' is the title of a map depicting Northwestern [[Middle-earth]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. The map is reproduced in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and since [[2005]] in the [[HarperCollins]] editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=RC/>

The map is a re-drawing by [[Christopher Tolkien]] of his original, unnamed "[[General Map of Middle-earth]]"<ref group=note>The name "General Map of Middle-earth" appears to be coined by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]].</ref> made in late [[1953]] for the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, "The Maps of ''The Lord of the Rings''", pp. lv-lxvii</ref><ref>{{L|187}}, p. 247</ref><ref>{{UT|IMap}}</ref>

{{references|note}}
{{maps}}
[[Category:Maps of Northwestern Middle-earth]]

General Map of Middle-earth

2011-11-26T05:53:55Z

Ainaldo: Added a photo of the map.

{{stub}}

[[Image:General_Map_of_Middle-earth_(Photo).jpg|thumb|A photo of the fold-out map of Middle-earth as appeared in the earliest editions.]]

''General Map of Middle-earth'' is the original, unnamed map map of Middle-earth that [[Christopher Tolkien]] made in late [[1953]] for the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, "The Maps of ''The Lord of the Rings''", pp. lv-lxvii</ref><ref>{{L|187}}, p. 247</ref>. It was later replaced by [[Christopher Tolkien]]’s redrawing, [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]] that first appeared in the [[Unfinished Tales]] and since [[2005]] in the [[HarperCollins]] editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

{{references}}

[[Category:Maps of Northwestern Middle-earth]]

General Map of Middle-earth

2011-11-26T05:33:24Z

Ainaldo: Initial stub

{{stub}}

''General Map of Middle-earth'' is the original, unnamed map map of Middle-earth that [[Christopher Tolkien]] made in late [[1953]] for the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, "The Maps of ''The Lord of the Rings''", pp. lv-lxvii</ref><ref>{{L|187}}, p. 247</ref>. It was later replaced by [[Christopher Tolkien]]’s redrawing, [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]] that first appeared in the [[Unfinished Tales]] and since [[2005]] in the [[HarperCollins]] editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

{{references}}

[[Category:Maps of Northwestern Middle-earth]]

Last Bridge

2011-11-26T00:05:00Z

Ainaldo: Made a note on inaccuracy in depiction.

[[Image:The Last Bride.jpg|thumb|''The Last Bridge'' in [[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game|MECCG]]. Note that this depiction only shows one of three arches.]]
The '''Last Bridge''' was the “ancient stone bridge”<ref name="H30">[[The Hobbit]], Chapter 2: “[[Roast Mutton]]”, page 30 obliquely describes the [[Last Bridge]].</ref> that carried the [[East-West Road]] over the River [[Hoarwell]] (''[[Mitheithel]]''), about a hundred miles east of [[Weathertop]]. Its three arches{{fact}} crossed the wide river at the bottom of a “deep valley”<ref name="H30"/>, and to the east the land rose again into the wooded hills of the [[Trollshaws]], in which [[Bilbo Baggins]] and his companions encountered an unfriendly trio of trolls.

No record of its builders survives, but it was most likely constructed by the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], or perhaps of the later kingdom of [[Rhudaur]], in which it lay. There was no other means of crossing the river for hundreds of miles to the north, and so the Bridge had great strategic value. In the [[War of the Ring]], three [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] attempted to hold it against [[Aragorn]] and the [[Hobbits]] on their journey to [[Rivendell]]. Their plan was foiled by [[Glorfindel]], who drove them away and left his token, a green beryl, on the Bridge.

== Etymology ==

The Last Bridge was known by no other name in cannon. However, a literal translation into the [[Elvish]] [[Sindarin]] would be ''Iant Vedui''.

{{references}}

[[category:Bridges]]

Last Bridge

2011-11-25T23:57:27Z

Ainaldo: Constructed Sindarin name.

[[Image:The Last Bride.jpg|thumb|''The Last Bridge'' in [[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game|MECCG]]]]
The '''Last Bridge''' was the “ancient stone bridge”<ref name="H30">[[The Hobbit]], Chapter 2: “[[Roast Mutton]]”, page 30 obliquely describes the [[Last Bridge]].</ref> that carried the [[East-West Road]] over the River [[Hoarwell]] (''[[Mitheithel]]''), about a hundred miles east of [[Weathertop]]. Its three arches{{fact}} crossed the wide river at the bottom of a “deep valley”<ref name="H30"/>, and to the east the land rose again into the wooded hills of the [[Trollshaws]], in which [[Bilbo Baggins]] and his companions encountered an unfriendly trio of trolls.

No record of its builders survives, but it was most likely constructed by the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], or perhaps of the later kingdom of [[Rhudaur]], in which it lay. There was no other means of crossing the river for hundreds of miles to the north, and so the Bridge had great strategic value. In the [[War of the Ring]], three [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] attempted to hold it against [[Aragorn]] and the [[Hobbits]] on their journey to [[Rivendell]]. Their plan was foiled by [[Glorfindel]], who drove them away and left his token, a green beryl, on the Bridge.

== Etymology ==

The Last Bridge was known by no other name in cannon. However, a literal translation into the [[Elvish]] [[Sindarin]] would be ''Iant Vedui''.

{{references}}

[[category:Bridges]]

Last Bridge

2011-11-25T23:57:01Z

Ainaldo: Add references.

User:Ainaldo

2011-11-25T23:52:46Z

Ainaldo:

Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/2 October 2011

2011-10-02T18:57:39Z

Ainaldo:

Please put any ideas for the agenda and any general discussion here. If you are going to attend (or not), please sign your name below.
==Attendees==
# {{User:KingAragorn/sig}}
# [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 20:46, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
# {{User:Mith/sig}} 18:25, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
# [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]]

==Non-Attendees==
# [[User:Gamling|Gamling]] 02:34, 2 October 2011 (UTC) - Sorry, wife has other ideas.
# [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 17:42, 2 October 2011 (UTC) - same for me...
## See ''The Oatmeal''[http://theoatmeal.com/comics/online_gaming] — [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]]
# {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:36, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
==Ideas for Agenda==
*Continue the [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/1 May 2011/Transcript|discussion about minor plant articles]] (if there are enough people) --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 15:29, 3 July 2011 (UTC)
**Are you sure? Even if you're not there? --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 19:27, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
***Sorry, I did put my name under the wrong header. I'll be online during the meeting. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 20:47, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
****OK, good. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 20:56, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
*Discussion on how to contact artists/illustrators. i.e. what's the best way to contact the 'more important' ones? Do we need to contact [[:Category:Images by Artist|all the artists]] hosted by TG?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 20:56, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

==Discussion==
*I can't guarantee my attendance, but I'll try! --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 17:07, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
**Should we postpone this meeting? Since there will be only three attendees at the most. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 18:35, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

__NOTOC__

Help talk:Editing

2011-06-05T20:30:34Z

Ainaldo: Need help with citation needed macros.

* This page needs to contain information about <nowiki>{{fact}}</nowiki> macros instead of <nowiki>{{citation needed}}</nowiki> from Wikipedia, or <nowiki>{{citation needed}}</nowiki> should be added. - [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]]

Help:Editing

2011-06-05T20:24:51Z

Ainaldo: Added a link to the Wikipedia markup reference.

For those users not familiar with '''editing''' a Wiki, this page lists some basic syntax. For a full list, see [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Wikipedia's Cheatsheet]],
[[Wikipedia:Help:Wiki_markup|Markup reference]], or
[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page|"How to edit a Wiki page"]].

[[Tolkien Gateway]] has set standards for the use of syntax. Please read ''[[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style]]'' before contributing. You can try out at our [[Tolkien Gateway: Sandbox|Sandbox]].

<div align="center">

{|align="center" style="width:100%; border:2px #0000FF solid; background:#blue; text-align:left;"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#0000FF; text-align:center;" |
<h2 style="margin:.5em; margin-top:.1em; margin-bottom:.1em; border-bottom:0; font-weight:bold; color:white;">Cheatsheet</h2>
|-
| width="20%" style="background:#4169E1; padding:0.3em; text-align:center; color:white;"|'''Description'''
| style="background:#4169E1; padding:0.3em; text-align:center; color:white;"|'''You type'''
| width="20%" style="background:#4169E1; padding:0.3em; text-align:center; color:white;"|'''You get'''
|-
|style="background:white;"|Italic text
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''italic''
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|style="background:white;"| Internal link 
<div style="padding: 0em .5em; font-size:0.9em;">''(within Tolkien Gateway)''</div>
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<tt><nowiki>[[Bilbo Baggins]]</nowiki></tt> 
<tt><nowiki>[[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]</nowiki></tt>
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[[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]
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<div style="padding: 0em .5em; font-size:0.9em;">''(to other websites)''</div>
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<tt><nowiki>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000453/ IMDb]</nowiki></tt> 
<tt><nowiki>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Holm]</nowiki></tt> 
<tt><nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Ian Holm|Wikipedia]]</nowiki></tt> 
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[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000453/ IMDb] 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Holm] 
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<nowiki>Source used more than once:<ref name="tralala">Source 2</ref></nowiki> 
<nowiki>Reusing such a note: <ref name="tralala"/></nowiki></tt>
<div style="padding: 0em .5em; font-size:0.9em;">''(at the end of the article, type <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:References|references]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
|style="background:white;"|Simple: Fact<ref>Source</ref> 
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<div style="padding: 0em .5em; font-size:0.9em;">''See also [[Help: Images]].''</div>
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<tt><nowiki>[[Image:Parma.gif|thumb|The Tengwa Parma]]</nowiki></tt>
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[[Image:Parma.gif|thumb|The Tengwa Parma]]
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__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__
[[Category:Help]]

Warning beacons of Gondor

2011-06-05T20:10:11Z

Ainaldo: Fixed details about northern beacons. Added speculation about the southern beacons.

{{expansion}}{{sources}}
[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Eilenach.jpg|thumb|''Eilenach'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]

The '''warning beacons of Gondor''' were an alarm system for the realm of [[Gondor]].

<blockquote>“See, there is the fire on [[Amon Dîn]], and flame on [[Eilenach]]; and there they go speeding west: [[Nardol]], [[Erelas]], [[Min-Rimmon]], [[Calenhad]], and the [[Halifirien]] on the borders of [[Rohan]]” — [[Gandalf]] to [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]<ref>[[The Return of the King]], page 731</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>“…The Lord of the City had beacons built on the tops of outlying hills along both borders of the great range, and maintained posts on these points where fresh horses were always in readiness to bear his errand-riders to [[Rohan]] in the North, or to [[Belfalas]] in the South.” — [[Gandalf]] to [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]<ref>[[The Return of the King]], page 732</ref></blockquote>

The beacons were two series of permanently manned stations maintained by the lord of [[Minas Tirith]] for raising the alarm in northern and southern [[Gondor]] respectively. The stations were on the summits of foothills in the [[White Mountains]] (''[[Ered Nimrais]]''). The stations kept signal fires in readiness and stabled fresh horses for couriers.

The northern posts, listed from nearest to [[Minas Tirith]] to nearest [[Rohan]], were ''[[Amon Dîn]]'', ''[[Eilenach]]'', ''[[Nardol]]'', ''[[Erelas]]'', ''[[Min-Rimmon]]'', ''[[Calenhad]]'' and ''[[Halifirien]]'' (or ''[[Amon Anwar]]'').

We can only speculate on the positions of the southern posts, but based on the description of following foothills of the [[White Mountains]], and their spread of 20 to 30 miles, there may have been as many as ten beacons along the southern foothills, following a course west by southwest through [[Lebennin]] and passing through the hills north of [[Dor-en-Ernil]], south of [[Ringlo]].

In the late [[Second Age]] and early [[Third Age]], they mainly served to warn south Gondor of a danger for the northern province of [[Calenardhon]], or vice versa, but after the [[Steward of Gondor]] [[Cirion]] granted Calenardhon to the [[Éothéod]] they were used mainly to warn the people in [[Anórien]] (the only part of Calenardhon Gondor kept in its realm) of danger{{fact}}.

Calls for aid between Gondor and [[Rohan]] were exchanged by a messenger carrying the [[Red Arrow]] instead{{fact}}.

During the [[War of the Ring]] the beacons were lit when [[Minas Tirith]] came under siege, and as the [[Rohirrim]] rode to Gondor's aid they passed all seven beacons by on their way east{{fact}}.

The tomb of [[Elendil]] was hidden on the summit of Halifirien, westernmost of the beacon mountains{{fact}}.

==Portrayal in Adaptions==

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:One of the major changes made to the story is that when [[Gandalf]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] ride to [[Minas Tirith]] the beacons are ''not'' lit, since the despairing [[Denethor II|Denethor]] has decided not to ask for for help. In the movie there is a beacon just above the city, and to summon the Rohirrim Gandalf asks Pippin to evade the guards and light it. Once he has done so, the film depicts the other beacons being lit one by one until the last is sighted by [[Aragorn]] who is in [[Edoras]], and it is this (and not the [[Red Arrow]], which is not mentioned in the film) which finally helps him to persuade [[Théoden]] to muster the Rohirrim to Gondor's aid.

:Another change is that in the movie there are about ten beacons as opposed to the seven described in the book.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Lighting of the Beacons]]"

:Also, the beacons were depicted as signal fires only (without stables), atop mountain peaks instead of foothills.</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:White Mountains]]

[[de:Leuchtfeuerberge von Gondor]]
[[fi:Gondorin kokkovaarat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_blanches/feux_d_alarme_du_gondor]]

Warning beacons of Gondor

2011-06-05T20:01:14Z

Ainaldo: Added relevant quotes and fixed some inaccuracies.

{{expansion}}{{sources}}
[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Eilenach.jpg|thumb|''Eilenach'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]

The '''warning beacons of Gondor''' were an alarm system for the realm of [[Gondor]].

<blockquote>“See, there is the fire on [[Amon Dîn]], and flame on [[Eilenach]]; and there they go speeding west: [[Nardol]], [[Erelas]], [[Min-Rimmon]], [[Calenhad]], and the [[Halifirien]] on the borders of [[Rohan]]” — [[Gandalf]] to [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]<ref>[[The Return of the King]], page 731</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>“…The Lord of the City had beacons built on the tops of outlying hills along both borders of the great range, and maintained posts on these points where fresh horses were always in readiness to bear his errand-riders to [[Rohan]] in the North, or to [[Belfalas]] in the South.” — [[Gandalf]] to [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]<ref>[[The Return of the King]], page 732</ref></blockquote>

The beacons were two series of permanently manned stations maintained by the lord of [[Minas Tirith]] for raising the alarm in northern and southern [[Gondor]] respectively. The stations were on the summits of foothills in the [[White Mountains]] (''[[Ered Nimrais]]''). The stations kept signal fires in readiness and stabled fresh horses for couriers.

The southern posts, listed from nearest to [[Minas Tirith]] to nearest [[Rohan]], were ''[[Amon Dîn]]'', ''[[Eilenach]]'', ''[[Nardol]]'', ''[[Erelas]]'', ''[[Min-Rimmon]]'', ''[[Calenhad]]'' and ''[[Halifirien]]'' (or ''[[Amon Anwar]]'').

In the late [[Second Age]] and early [[Third Age]], they mainly served to warn south Gondor of a danger for the northern province of [[Calenardhon]], or vice versa, but after the [[Steward of Gondor]] [[Cirion]] granted Calenardhon to the [[Éothéod]] they were used mainly to warn the people in [[Anórien]] (the only part of Calenardhon Gondor kept in its realm) of danger{{fact}}.

Calls for aid between Gondor and [[Rohan]] were exchanged by a messenger carrying the [[Red Arrow]] instead{{fact}}.

During the [[War of the Ring]] the beacons were lit when [[Minas Tirith]] came under siege, and as the [[Rohirrim]] rode to Gondor's aid they passed all seven beacons by on their way east{{fact}}.

The tomb of [[Elendil]] was hidden on the summit of Halifirien, westernmost of the beacon mountains{{fact}}.

==Portrayal in Adaptions==

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:One of the major changes made to the story is that when [[Gandalf]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] ride to [[Minas Tirith]] the beacons are ''not'' lit, since the despairing [[Denethor II|Denethor]] has decided not to ask for for help. In the movie there is a beacon just above the city, and to summon the Rohirrim Gandalf asks Pippin to evade the guards and light it. Once he has done so, the film depicts the other beacons being lit one by one until the last is sighted by [[Aragorn]] who is in [[Edoras]], and it is this (and not the [[Red Arrow]], which is not mentioned in the film) which finally helps him to persuade [[Théoden]] to muster the Rohirrim to Gondor's aid.

:Another change is that in the movie there are about ten beacons as opposed to the seven described in the book.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Lighting of the Beacons]]"

:Also, the beacons were depicted as signal fires only (without stables), atop mountain peaks instead of foothills.</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:White Mountains]]

[[de:Leuchtfeuerberge von Gondor]]
[[fi:Gondorin kokkovaarat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_blanches/feux_d_alarme_du_gondor]]

Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/5 June 2011

2011-05-16T02:59:10Z

Ainaldo: Planning to attend.

Please put any ideas for the agenda and any general discussion here. Remember please sign your name below if you are going to attend (or not).

==Attendees==
# [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 15:27, 2 May 2011 (UTC)
# [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]] 02:59, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

==Non-Attendees==

==Ideas for Agenda==

* PDF-files. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 15:27, 2 May 2011 (UTC)
* People by language. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 17:27, 6 May 2011 (UTC)
* Cross-references with 3rin.gs [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]] 02:59, 16 May 2011 (UTC)
* Analytics, search engine optimization [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]] 02:59, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

==Discussion==

__NOTOC__

Ethring

2011-05-05T22:22:12Z

Ainaldo: Expanded etymology

{{location
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Ethring.jpg|200px]]
| name=Ethring
| othernames=
| etymology=Probably [[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[ath-]]'' "across", as in ''[[athrad]]'' "ford or crossing", ''[[ethraid]]'' ''plural'' + ''[[ring]]'' "cold"
| type=Ford
| location=Head of the [[Ringló Vale]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=[[Gondor]] [[Reunited Kingdom]]
| description=Cold ford
| events=Passing of the [[Grey Company]]
| references=
|}}
'''Ethring''' was a ford in Southern [[Gondor]].

==History==
Ethring was a major crossing point, maybe even the only one, of the river [[Ringló]]. It was located near the head of the [[Ringló Vale]], some fifty miles beneath the sources of the river in the [[White Mountains]]. The mountain road from [[Erech]] to [[Linhir]] (and [[Pelargir]] beyond) went by Ethring, so [[Aragorn]] and the [[Oathbreakers]] passed through the location during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Etymology==
'''Ethring''' perhaps comes from ''[[ath-]]'' meaning "across" (cf. [[athrad]] "ford, crossing", [[ethraid]] ''plural''). ''[[Ring]]'' translates to "cold" (cf. [[Ringló]] river, to which probably refers).

{{references}}
* {{HM|RK}}, "Map of Gondor"
* {{RK|Debate}}
* {{LR|P3}}

[[Category:Fords]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Cities, Towns and Villages]]

Sindarin numbers

2011-04-05T23:25:49Z

Ainaldo: See also: Quenya numbers

The '''[[Sindarin]] numbers''' were as follows.

* '''[[min]]''' = one
* '''[[tâd]]''' = two
* '''[[nêl]]''' or '''[[neled]]''' = three
* '''[[canad]]''' = four
* '''[[leben]]''' = five
* '''[[eneg]]''' = six
* '''[[odog]]''' = seven
* '''[[toloth]]''' = eight
* '''[[neder]]''' = nine
* '''[[caer]]''' or '''[[pae]]''' = ten
* '''[[minib]]''' = eleven
* '''[[ýneg]]''' = twelve

==See Also==

* [[Quenya_numbers|Quenya numbers]].

[[Category:Sindarin numbers]]

Quenya numbers

2011-04-05T23:25:34Z

Ainaldo: See also: Sindarin numbers

{{qnums}}

The '''[[Quenya]] Numbers''' were as follows:

*'''''[[minë]]''''' = one
*'''''[[atta]]''''' = two
*'''''[[neldë]]''''' = three
*'''''[[canta]]''''' = four
*'''''[[lempë]]''''' = five
*'''''[[enquë]]''''' = six
*'''''[[otso]]''''' = seven
*'''''[[tolto]]''''' = eight
*'''''[[nertë]]''''' = nine
*'''''[[quain]]''''' = ten
*'''''[[minquë]]''''' = eleven
*'''''[[yunque]]''''' = twelve
*'''''[[quainel]]/nelquea/yunquenta''''' = thirteen
*'''''[[quaican]]''''' = fourteen
*'''''[[lepenque]]/[[quailepen]]''''' = fifteen
*'''''[[enenque]]/[[quainque]]''''' = sixteen
*'''''[[otoque]]''''' = seventeen
*'''''[[toloque]]''''' = eighteen
*'''''[[neterque]]''''' = nineteen
*'''''[[haran]]''''' = one hundred

==Ordinals==
# [[minya]]
# [[tatya]] > [[attea]]
# [[nelya]]/[[neldea]]
# [[cantea]]
# [[lemenya]] > [[lempea]]
# [[enquea]]
# [[otsea]]
# [[toldea]]
# [[nertea]]
# [[quainea]]
==Fractions==
*1/2:''[[peresta]], perta''
*1/3:''[[nelesta]], neldesta, nelta, nelsat''
*1/4:''[[canasta]], casta, cansat''
*1/5:''[[lepesta]], lepsat''
*1/6:''[[enquesta]]''
*1/7:''[[otosta]], osta, otsat''
*1/8:''[[tolosta]], tosta, tolsat''
*1/9:''[[neresta]], nesta, nersat''
*1/10:''[[caista]], cast''
*1/11:''[[minquesta]]''
*1/12:''[[yunquesta]]''

==See Also==

* [[Sindarin_numbers|Sindarin numbers]]

==Online Resources==
* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/numerals.htm Ardalambion on Quenya numbers] - Early theory on how we can count above ten; uses material from ''[[The Etymologies]]''
*[http://www.phy.duke.edu/~trenk/elvish/numerals.html Eldarin Numberals] by Thorsten Renk - Discussion of different numerical concepts through the evolution of Tolkien's languages.
[[Category:Quenya numbers|*]]

Sindarin numbers

2011-04-05T23:21:36Z

Ainaldo: Related to Quenya numbers

The '''[[Sindarin]] numbers''' were as follows.

* '''[[min]]''' = one
* '''[[tâd]]''' = two
* '''[[nêl]]''' or '''[[neled]]''' = three
* '''[[canad]]''' = four
* '''[[leben]]''' = five
* '''[[eneg]]''' = six
* '''[[odog]]''' = seven
* '''[[toloth]]''' = eight
* '''[[neder]]''' = nine
* '''[[caer]]''' or '''[[pae]]''' = ten
* '''[[minib]]''' = eleven
* '''[[ýneg]]''' = twelve

Related: [[Quenya_numbers|Quenya numbers]].

[[Category:Sindarin numbers]]

Talk:Dorwinion

2011-01-25T01:38:58Z

Ainaldo: gwîn?

* I have not verified this, but the etymology of Dorwinion is, as presently written, conjectural. That Dorwinion is where the wines of Thranduil were made is not sufficient to infer that "win" means "wine" in any Elvish dialect, however obscure, especially since there is no attestation to that effect. In the absence of further information, it's a forgivable conjecture, but I've come to understand that Parma Eldalamberon 17:191 suggests that ''gwîn'' "young" might be the proper root. [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]]

Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style

2011-01-21T23:38:38Z

Ainaldo: /* Terminology */ fixed a minor hypocrisy with abbreviation

This '''Manual of Style''' is a standard that should be across all of [[Tolkien Gateway]].

:''See also: [[Help:Contents]]''
==General rules==
===Canon===
{{main|Canon}}

===Terminology===
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*Take note of correct singular and plural forms of terms: e.g. an [[Uruk-hai|Uruk]] ''or'' one of the [[Uruk-hai]], ''not'' an Uruk-hai; "Uruk-hai" means "Orc-folk")
*Italicize non-English terms for objects and creatures (e.g. ''[[palantír]]'', ''[[crebain]]''), but not for peoples (e.g. [[Eldar]]). In general, follow the books.
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===Dates===
*Use <nowiki>[[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]]</nowiki> when linking to years. There are [[:Category:Year templates|templates]] that automate this: <nowiki>{{TA|3019}}</nowiki> gives {{TA|3019}}, <nowiki>{{TA|3019|n}}</nowiki> gives {{TA|3019|n}}.
*For articles with only a few dates (or only a few differing from the stated standard reckoning for the article) it is easiest to just spell out the reckoning period in full; '[[Fourth Age 6]]'.


===Categories===
* Before creating a category, please check to see if there is a same existing category or subcategory.
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===Italics===
* Always use italics for titles of books, series, movies, game, etc. (e.g. ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''The Lord of the Rings'', etc.)
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===Punctuation===
*For quotations, use "double quotes" and 'single quotes' for nesting quotations; thus "quotations 'within' quotations".
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===Tense===
* All articles that cover in-universe material must be in ''past tense''.

===Wikilinking===
* Create links ONLY if they are '''relevant to the context.'''
* Generally, there should not be duplicates of the same links. However, if you have made a link in captions or the infobox, it is a good idea to make the same link in the article.
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*Make sure you link to the intended article rather than the disambiguation page; there are more than one "[[Minas Tirith]]", "[[Aragorn]]" and "[[Faramir]]". See also: [[Tolkien Gateway: Disambiguation]]

==Article layout==
===Naming===
*Most article titles are plural, e.g. [[Elves]], unless a plural is disputed (e.g. [[Balrogs|Balrog]], [[Mallorn]])
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===Introduction===
* The first occurrence of the [name of the] subject of the article at first mention must be '''bolded''', preferably in the first sentence in the article.
* The lead section should be about one to three paragraphs long, dependent on the overall size of the article. Often, a single sentence suffices.

===Body===
* The "History" section is to represent a chronological, in-universe history of the subject.
* The "Etymology" section is written either in or out of universe (or both if needs be), and should be well sourced. Avoid the generic term "[[Elvish]]".
* In the "Inspiration" section, elements which have or may have influenced Tolkien in the forming of the character or event can be placed.
* For the "Genealogy" section, use the [[:Template:Familytree|familytree]]-template.
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* "Portrayal in Adaptations" is a section for out-of-universe information about the subject. See [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects/Adaptations]] for a list.
* "See Also" is a section where the reader can be pointed at related articles, or a gallery of images of the subject.

===References===
{{main|Help:References}}
* For all articles, notes and references/sources are combined under the same subsection: References. For this, simply type <nowiki>{{references}}</nowiki> at the bottom.
* Do not cite secondary sources or tertiary sources UNLESS there are valid conclusions drawn based on primary sources; this includes the [http://www.glyphweb.com/ARDA/ ''Encyclopedia of Arda''], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'' and ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', among others. Instead, use primary sources (reliable sources) such as published texts by Tolkien or secondary sources of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' edited by Christopher Tolkien.

===External links===
*'''Remember that the External links serves as further reading, not advertisement'''. Tolkien Gateway is not a link farm nor a web directory. Do not link to ten or more sites. There are exceptions to this case, but a vast quantity of external links are usually frowned upon. Three to four links are usually enough.
*The following sites '''should be linked''': Official sites (that ''majorly'' relate to the topic), articles about the subject of article on other encyclopedias or vast resources (e.g. [http://www.glyphweb.com/Arda/ Encyclopedia of Arda], [http://www.tuckborough.net/ The Thain's Book], [http://en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia], and sites that contain neutral and accurate information that has not been mentioned in the article. On controversial articles that contain multiple points of view, have at least equal amount of sites presenting each POV with a detailed explanation.
*The following sites that are '''occasionally acceptable''': professional reviews reviewing books, movies, etc. (e.g. [http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]), '''ONE very informative fansite''' about the subject of article, web directory full of '''informative fansites'''.
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==Images==
{{main|Help:Images}}
* Uploaded images must be related to J.R.R. Tolkien and his works, the one exception being if you want to upload an image for your userpage, usually of yourself, that is acceptable.
* We are currently fairly lenient on the file size of images. If the image is above our maximum file size limit (you will see this after clicking the upload button) simply click save anyway. Keep in mind there is no need for extensive quality as our images are used primarily in articles. However we would prefer too high of quality opposed to too low of quality as we can always reduce the quality later.
*'''Always tag the image you're uploading with image copyright tags.''' If you are not sure of the copyright, then it is best not to upload it.
*'''Always include a description of the image: where the image came from, what it is, etc.'''
*If available, place book illustrations first in the article, especially in infoboxes. Screenshots and other images from adaptations properly belong in an Adaptations section.
*Do not change the images in the Infoboxes without discussing it on the talk page.
*If the image is of an illustration, attempt to find the artist's title of the image and upload it as "Artist Name - Title of Illustration.jpg"
*Categorize the image properly. These include "Category:Images by (artist's name)", and categories for all characters, objects and events.
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[[Category:Tolkien Gateway]]

Talk:Lake-town

2011-01-21T23:35:37Z

Ainaldo: Created page with '* It would be helpful if someone would indicate the reasons that this article needs to be rewritten, so some passerby might have a chance at improving it. ~~~'

* It would be helpful if someone would indicate the reasons that this article needs to be rewritten, so some passerby might have a chance at improving it. [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]]

Lake-town

2011-01-21T23:33:18Z

Ainaldo: Links to ESEK and Esgar articles in etymology.

{{rewrite}}
{{disambig-two|the town in [[Rhovanion]]|[[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]] supplement|[[Lake-town (book)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Lake Town (Colored by H. E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| name=Esgaroth
| othernames=Lake-town
| etymology=''Esgar'' "reed-bed"
| type=City
| location=[[Wilderland]]
| inhabitants=[[Lake-men]]
| realms=Esgaroth (independent)
| description=Town built on surface of north-western [[Long Lake]]
| events=Attack of [[Smaug]], [[Battle of Five Armies]]
| references=
}}
{{Pronounce|Esgaroth.mp3|Ardamir}}

'''Esgaroth upon the Long Lake''', also known as '''Lake-town''', was the township of the [[Lake-men]] in [[Wilderland]]. The town was constructed entirely of wood and stood upon wooden pillars sunk into the bed of the [[Long Lake]], as a protection against the dragon [[Smaug]], who dwelt nearby in the [[Lonely Mountain]].

It was situated on the west side of the lake, south of the [[Lonely Mountain]] and east of [[Mirkwood]], near the mouth of the [[Forest River]] in a calm bay that was formed by the shelter of a rock promontory. A long wooden bridge connected the town to the land.

In the middle of Esgaroth the central market-place was located, which was a round pool connected to the lake by a tunnel. The greatest houses of Esgaroth were around this market-place just as apparently the town-hall where the [[Master of Lake-town|Master]] of Lake-town presided. The Master was the elected civic leader who under normal circumstances was chosen from among the old and wise.

It seems that the town's prosperity was built on trade between the [[Men]] (descendants of the [[Edain]], and thus distant cousins of the [[Dúnedain]] of Gondor), [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]] of northern [[Middle-earth]].

Esgaroth and Lake-town may have been separate settlements established on the same site, one predating [[Smaug]]'s destruction of [[Dale]] and [[Erebor]] and the other built afterwards.

In the year 2941 of the [[Third Age]] the town was attacked by the [[dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]], but [[Bard the Bowman]], who had indirectly learned of a weakness in Smaug's armour that had first been noticed by [[Bilbo Baggins]], slew the dragon. The town was wrecked by the dragon, but afterwards it was rebuilt using some of the treasure that Smaug had stolen, though the town's Master ran off with some of the gold. Part of the town's population followed Bard to resettle the Kingdom of Dale.

==Language==
As a trading people, the Lake-men knew the Common Speech, [[Westron]]. However, amongst themselves they spoke an ancient form of it, [[Dalian]], loosely related to but distinct from [[Rohirric]], the also-archaic language of the [[Rohirrim]].

[[J.R.R._Tolkien|Tolkien]] "translated" Westron into English in his text, so to represent the ancient relative of it that the Rohirrim spoke, he substituted Old English. Thus, Tolkien substituted Old Norse for the language of the Lake-men (in person and place names, etc.) because it is an ancient relative of Old English.
==Etymology==
The name means, "…Reedlake, because of reed-banks in west". The root-word, ''[[Esgar|esgar]]'', means "reed-bed" in [[Ilkorin|Ilkorin Elvish]].<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry [[ESEK]]</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, Towns and Villages]]
[[Category:Ilkorin words]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[de:Esgaroth]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/rhovanion/esgaroth]]
[[fi:Esgaroth]]

Esgar

2011-01-21T23:32:06Z

Ainaldo: Esgar is Ilkorin for "reed-bed".

'''Esgar''' is the [[Ilkorin|Ilkorin Elvish]] word for "reed-bed".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry [[ESEK]]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Esgaroth]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Ilkorin words]]

Lake-town

2011-01-20T20:57:09Z

Ainaldo: /* Etymology */ Re-framed citation for etymology; removed conjecture.

{{rewrite}}
{{disambig-two|the town in [[Rhovanion]]|[[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]] supplement|[[Lake-town (book)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Lake Town (Colored by H. E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| name=Esgaroth
| othernames=Lake-town
| etymology=''Esgar'' "reed-bed"
| type=City
| location=[[Wilderland]]
| inhabitants=[[Lake-men]]
| realms=Esgaroth (independent)
| description=Town built on surface of north-western [[Long Lake]]
| events=Attack of [[Smaug]], [[Battle of Five Armies]]
| references=
}}
{{Pronounce|Esgaroth.mp3|Ardamir}}

'''Esgaroth upon the Long Lake''', also known as '''Lake-town''', was the township of the [[Lake-men]] in [[Wilderland]]. The town was constructed entirely of wood and stood upon wooden pillars sunk into the bed of the [[Long Lake]], as a protection against the dragon [[Smaug]], who dwelt nearby in the [[Lonely Mountain]].

It was situated on the west side of the lake, south of the [[Lonely Mountain]] and east of [[Mirkwood]], near the mouth of the [[Forest River]] in a calm bay that was formed by the shelter of a rock promontory. A long wooden bridge connected the town to the land.

In the middle of Esgaroth the central market-place was located, which was a round pool connected to the lake by a tunnel. The greatest houses of Esgaroth were around this market-place just as apparently the town-hall where the [[Master of Lake-town|Master]] of Lake-town presided. The Master was the elected civic leader who under normal circumstances was chosen from among the old and wise.

It seems that the town's prosperity was built on trade between the [[Men]] (descendants of the [[Edain]], and thus distant cousins of the [[Dúnedain]] of Gondor), [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]] of northern [[Middle-earth]].

Esgaroth and Lake-town may have been separate settlements established on the same site, one predating [[Smaug]]'s destruction of [[Dale]] and [[Erebor]] and the other built afterwards.

In the year 2941 of the [[Third Age]] the town was attacked by the [[dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]], but [[Bard the Bowman]], who had indirectly learned of a weakness in Smaug's armour that had first been noticed by [[Bilbo Baggins]], slew the dragon. The town was wrecked by the dragon, but afterwards it was rebuilt using some of the treasure that Smaug had stolen, though the town's Master ran off with some of the gold. Part of the town's population followed Bard to resettle the Kingdom of Dale.

==Language==
As a trading people, the Lake-men knew the Common Speech, [[Westron]]. However, amongst themselves they spoke an ancient form of it, [[Dalian]], loosely related to but distinct from [[Rohirric]], the also-archaic language of the [[Rohirrim]].

[[J.R.R._Tolkien|Tolkien]] "translated" Westron into English in his text, so to represent the ancient relative of it that the Rohirrim spoke, he substituted Old English. Thus, Tolkien substituted Old Norse for the language of the Lake-men (in person and place names, etc.) because it is an ancient relative of Old English.
==Etymology==
The name means, "…Reedlake, because of reed-banks in west". The root-word, ''esgar'', means "reed-bed" in Ilkorin Elvish <ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry ESEK</ref>.

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, Towns and Villages]]
[[Category:Ilkorin words]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[de:Esgaroth]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/rhovanion/esgaroth]]
[[fi:Esgaroth]]

Talk:Dor-en-Ernil

2010-11-11T18:01:06Z

Ainaldo: Created page with 'I've read somewhere that the word "ernil" may not literally mean "prince" but is probably the proper name of one prince of Dol Amroth. It would be good to find the citation. ~~~'

I've read somewhere that the word "ernil" may not literally mean "prince" but is probably the proper name of one prince of Dol Amroth. It would be good to find the citation. [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]]

Talk:Drúedain

2010-10-19T23:41:41Z

Ainaldo: Created page with '* I'm having difficulty finding citations for "Old Drûg Land". The term does not appear in LR, UT, nor HoMe I-IV. Does this wiki have a system for [citation needed]? ~~~'

* I'm having difficulty finding citations for "Old Drûg Land". The term does not appear in LR, UT, nor HoMe I-IV. Does this wiki have a system for [citation needed]? [[User:Ainaldo|Ainaldo]]

Witch-king

2010-10-05T01:38:22Z

Ainaldo: /* Lord of Minas Morgul */ redundant comma

{{footnotes}}
{{evil infobox
| image= [[Image:Melissa Hitchcock - The Black Captain.jpg|300px]]
| name= Witch-king of Angmar
| othernames= [[Black Captain]], [[Lord of the Nazgûl]], [[Chief of the Nine]], [[Lord of Minas Morgul]]
| created= [[Second Age|S.A.]] 1800-2200, probably [[Númenor]]
| years= [[Second Age 2251|S.A. 2251]]-[[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]]
| age= 4200+
| destroyed= [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]], [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]
| realm= [[Angmar]], [[Minas Morgul]]
| gender= Male
| race= [[Men]]/[[Nazgûl]]
| appearance= (Later) Cruel, pale king with gleaming hair and a crown, invisible to most eyes
| accomplishments= [[Arnor#The Fall of Arthedain|Fall of Arnor]], fall of [[Minas Ithil]] and [[Osgiliath]], deaths of [[Eärnur]] and [[Théoden]]
|}}
The '''Witch-king of Angmar''' was the chief of the [[Nazgûl]], King of [[Angmar]], and [[Sauron]]’s great captain in his wars. A [[Wraiths|wraith]], the Witch-king of Angmar was nearly indestructible, a terrible warrior, and a cunning strategist.

==History==
Some time after Sauron seized the [[Nine Rings]] in the [[Fall of Eregion]], [[Second Age 1697|S.A. 1697]] he gave them to mortal kings, sorcerers, and other warriors.[[#References|1]] With these rings the Nine achieved glory and grew wealthy, with the ability to turn invisible at will, not aging, but hating life as they were slowly drawn under Sauron’s dominion.[[#References|1]] Eventually all became [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], the dreaded Nazgûl.

The one later known as the Witch-king was one of these, likely one of the unnamed three lords of [[Númenor]] to take the rings.[[#References|2]] [[#References|3]] He first appeared in the histories as a Ringwraith in [[Second Age 2251|S.A. 2251]]. Being the most powerful of the Nazgûl, he became their chief, the most dreaded servant of his master Sauron.

When [[Mordor]] fell in [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]], the Nazgûl vanished into the shadows, and were not heard of again for a long time.[[#References|4]]

===Early Power in Angmar===
More than a thousand years later, in c. [[Third Age 1050|T.A. 1050]] of the [[Third Age]], [[Sauron]] began to rebuild his power in [[Dol Guldur]]. In c. [[Third Age 1300|T.A. 1300]] his Nazgûl also reappeared, and the Witch-king established his realm, [[Angmar]], in the north.[[#References|4]] His capital was [[Carn Dûm]], on the northernmost peak of the [[Misty Mountains]]. He summoned men, [[orcs]], and other creatures of evil inclination to his banner. No one knew that he was actually a servant of the long-dormant [[Sauron]], and few that he was a wraith.[[#References|5]]

In the north, disunity plagued the [[Dúnedain]] of [[Arnor]]. They had divided into three kingdoms, [[Cardolan]], [[Rhudaur]], and [[Arthedain]], and were constantly at war with one another.[[#References|5]] The Witch-king saw the North-kingdom of Arnor as more vulnerable than the South-kingdom of Gondor.[[#References|6]] He played upon their opposition, sending in infiltrators and taking over the hearts of the men of that land. By [[Third Age 1349|T.A. 1349]] the government of Rhudaur was controlled by men secretly in his service,[[#References|6]] and he secretly aided them in their wars against the other kingdoms.[[#References|7]] He then struck at a time of great hostility among the three, in [[Third Age 1409|T.A. 1409]]. Rhudaur in the east fell first, and most of the Dúnedain there were hunted down and slaughtered by sorcerers.[[#References|8]] Cardolan was ravaged, and the [[Tower of Amon Sûl]], held by the men of Arthedain, was placed under siege. King [[Arveleg I]] was slain, and the tower was destroyed, but the coveted ''[[Amon Sûl-stone|palantír]]'' escaped in the hands of the surviving men of Arthedain and was brought to [[Fornost]].[[#References|9]]

The Witch-king continued to press the men of Arthedain, laying siege to Fornost, and he might have taken over all of Arnor in that one offensive. But [[Araphor]], the 18-year-old son of Arveleg, came to leadership and, with the help of the ancient elf [[Círdan]] of [[Lindon]], repelled the Witch-king’s forces at Fornost and the [[North Downs]].[[#References|10]] [[Elrond]] brought an army of [[Elves]] from [[Rivendell]] and [[Lothlórien]], and the Witch-king was pushed back and subdued.

===Twilight of Angmar===
The Witch-king sat silent in Carn Dûm, rebuilding his armies and preparing for a final assault on [[Arthedain]], last of the Arnorian kingdoms. The [[Dark Plague]] came and went in [[Third Age 1636]], taking with it the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]]. The Witch-king sent [[barrow-wights]] to inhabit the barrows in [[Tyrn Gorthad]].[[#References|10]] In [[Third Age 1974|1974]], he felt that his power was sufficiently restored to begin the advance.

His attack was sudden, but not unexpected. King [[Arvedui]] sent a message to King [[Eärnil II]] of [[Gondor]] the year before, but help did not arrive in time. [[Fornost]] fell, and the Witch-king took up residence there in the palace.[[#References|11]] Arvedui held out as best as he might on the [[North Downs]], but at last fled north with the treasured ''[[palantíri]]'' of [[Amon Sûl-stone|Amon Sûl]] and [[Annúminas-stone|Annúminas]]. He would not return, for he perished in a shipwreck in [[Third Age 1975|1975]]. With him the ''palantíri'' were lost forever in the icy seas of [[Forod]]. The already-diminished North-kingdom ended, and [[Arnor]] fell.[[#References|10]]

Meanwhile, a coalition in the south had formed. Eärnil sent his son, [[Eärnur]], north with a great fleet, all that Gondor could spare. They arrived at [[Lindon]], and joined with the folk of Círdan. Círdan summoned all that would come: surviving Dúnedain of Arnor and elves of Lindon.[[#References|11]] Even a company of [[Hobbits|hobbit]] archers went to their aide.[[#References|10]] The Witch-king had grown overconfident, and instead of staying behind his fortifications initiated the attack. The [[Battle of Fornost]] was fought on the plain between [[Nenuial]] and the North Downs. The Witch-king may not have anticipated the strength brought against him, but for whatever reason the alliance gained the upper hand. His army began to fall back toward Fornost, but Eärnur’s magnificent horsemen struck from the north, and the Witch-king was routed.[[#References|11]]

He decided to flee to Angmar and the safety of Carn Dûm, but the cavalry, with Eärnur himself in the lead, overtook him. Moreover, the ranks of the allies swelled, as an army of elves from [[Rivendell]] came led by the mighty hero of old, [[Glorfindel]]. Angmar was purged of men and orcs, and all seemed lost for the Witch-king in the face of such numbers. But the Witch-king himself came at the last, robed and masked in black and riding a black horse, and attempted to kill Eärnur with his own hands. But Eärnur’s horse shied away and fled, and the Witch-king laughed. But Glorfindel came on his white horse, and faced with such power the Witch-king fled. He vanished into the shadows, and no-one marked where he had gone.[[#References|11]]

Eärnur wanted to pursue, but Glorfindel held him back, and made his famous prophecy.

{{quote|He will not return to this land. Far off yet is his doom, and not by the hand of man will he fall.|Glorfindel, ''[[The Return of the King]]'', [[Appendix A]] (iv)}}

===Lord of Minas Morgul===
The Witch-king escaped to [[Mordor]], and gathered the other Ringwraiths about him in [[Third Age 1980|1980]].[[#References|4]] Angmar and Carn Dûm were lost, and so in [[Third Age 2000|2000]] the Witch-king began a two-year siege of [[Minas Ithil]], eventually capturing the place and turning it into his residence. It was renamed [[Minas Morgul]], and the ''[[Ithil-stone|palantír]]'' was sent to Sauron. The Witch-king sent an aura of fear in [[Gondor]], and much of [[Ithilien]] was deserted.[[#References|11]]

Eärnur succeeded his father as King of Gondor, and still held the Witch-king in especial hostility due to his humiliation at the Battle of Fornost. The year of his coronation the Witch-king sent him a taunting challenge, but [[Mardil Voronwë]] the steward restrained Eärnur from rash action. Seven years later the challenge was repeated, and Eärnur rode with a small escort to Minas Morgul. None that rode thither ever returned, and there was no longer a King in Gondor.[[#References|11]]

After this the Witch-king bided his time. He and the Nazgûl built up their armies, including the terrible new orc-race of [[uruks]]. In [[Third Age 2475|2475]] he sent them out to capture [[Osgiliath]], which they did successfully. They were driven out by [[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]], [[Ruling Steward|Steward]] of [[Gondor]], but Osgiliath now lay completely in ruins. Boromir went on to retake Ithilien, so that even the Witch-king feared him. But he was killed by a Morgul-wound, and so his rule was but twelve years.[[#References|12]]

===Hunt for the Ring===
Sauron declared himself openly in [[Third Age 2951|2951]], and sent three of his Ringwraiths to [[Dol Guldur]] (though the Witch-king was left in Minas Morgul). Then, by lucky chance, the creature [[Gollum]] was captured and interrogated. Under torture, the wretched creature revealed the tale of the [[One Ring]] and how it came to be in his possession. But he had the daring to trick Sauron into thinking that the land of the hobbits who stole the Ring was on the banks of the [[Gladden River]].[[#References|13]] Under the leadership of the Witch-king, Sauron sent the Nine unclothed and invisible to search for the Ring after the assault of Osgiliath.

[[Image:Marc Holmes - Nazgul.jpg|thumb|left|350px|''Nazgûl'' by [[Marc Holmes]].]][[Khamûl]], the Witch-king’s lieutenant, reported that he was unable to find the “[[Shire]]” in the vales of [[Anduin]]. The Witch-king was determined to search north and west until Gollum was found, or the Shire. But plans were halted when Sauron received word of the prophecy in Gondor and the doings of the turncoat [[Saruman]], and concluded that the Wise did not yet have possession of the Ring. He sent the Ringwraiths to [[Isengard]] in the form of [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]], too late to prevent the escape of the captured wizard [[Gandalf]], but had words with Saruman. Saruman, already a traitor to both sides due to his transparent lust for the Ring, fortified himself in Isengard. The Witch-king did not have enough power with him to assault Saruman in his great fortress, but had words with him. Saruman convinced the Witch-king that Gandalf alone knew where the Shire and the Ring was, and so the Nine passed into [[Rohan]] in search of him.[[#References|13]]

They came upon the traitor called [[Wormtongue]] and questioned him. The terrified man told them everything he knew; that Gandalf had passed through Rohan, where the Shire was, and even that Saruman had lied to them. The Witch-king spared Wormtongue’s life, foreseeing that Wormtongue would bring ruin to Saruman. He divided his wraiths into four pairs, and went with the swiftest to [[Minhiriath]]. Along the way they captured several spies of Saruman, and found to their delight charts and maps of the Shire. They sent along the spy to [[Bree]], warning them that they now belonged to Mordor, not Saruman.[[#References|13]]

They came to [[Sarn Ford]], but the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] prevented them from crossing. They sent for their great captain, the chieftain [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], who alone could well resist the wraiths, but he was away, and the Ringwraiths captured the ford and killed many of the Rangers.[[#References|13]] The Witch-king sent three Ringwraiths under Khamûl into the Shire while he went east with the others.[[#References|4]] But they had come too late: the Ring had moved on in the hands of a hobbit, [[Frodo Baggins]].

===Pursuit of the Ring===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Fire on Weathertop.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Fire on Weathertop'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]Khamûl was unsuccessful, but brought word from the spy they had spared in Bree. The man had witnessed a vanishing act on Frodo's part, and had organized an attack on the inn. The Witch-king guessed that Frodo would head east, and sent four wraiths to [[Weathertop]], the ruins of the tower he had destroyed long ago. He went south along the [[Greenway]] and discovered nothing. Gandalf followed them, but the Witch-king let him slip ahead, and attacked him on Weathertop. Gandalf escaped at dawn, and again the Witch-king divided his force and sent four after the wizard.

The Ring walked almost right into his hands. The captain of the Dúnedain, Aragorn II, had become the guide of the hobbits, and led them to Weathertop, where they were spotted and attacked. The Witch-king advanced on Frodo, and the terrified hobbit put on the Ring, seeing them as they truly were. When Frodo resisted, and invoked the name of [[Varda|Elbereth]], the Witch-king stabbed Frodo in the shoulder. The tip of his blade broke off and sent poison through the hobbit’s veins. Then Aragorn counterattacked with flaming brands. The Witch-king fled at his mighty presence, confident that the poison of the blade would do its work and bend Frodo's will to his purpose. But he was shaken by the encounter; Gandalf and Aragorn were people of immense power, and even the Ring-bearer, who was not an especially strong person, had dared to resist him. He feared that Frodo might have some elvish power. Moreover, he knew that Frodo’s weapon, a [[blade of Westernesse]], was wrought for his undoing and if it had struck him would have done him damage. He was thus distressed, and Aragorn, Frodo, and their little company eluded him.[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Attack of the Wraiths.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Attack of the Wraiths'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]

He resumed the pursuit quickly, though, and found the Khamûl had been driven from the [[Last Bridge]] by his old enemy [[Glorfindel]]. The Witch-king, who only had one companion with him, was likewise unable to confront him openly. They regrouped and went south, rejoining with the other four. They managed to pick up the trail of the company of the Ring, and despite hindrance from Glorfindel and Aragorn managed to pursue Frodo alone on [[Asfaloth]]. The pursuit came to the [[Ford of Bruinen]], and there Frodo compelled the horse to stop. The Witch-king saw his defiance and laughed, breaking his sword with a movement of his hand. But the waters of the [[Bruinen]] rose at [[Elrond]]'s command, sweeping the Nine downstream.[[#References|14]]

===War of the Ring===
The Witch-king took the only surviving horse back to [[Mordor]], arriving there in December. He then sent aid to the other eight Nazgûl, and they returned in secret. In [[Minas Morgul]] they prepared for a grand invasion of [[Gondor]] at the order of their master. The Witch-king was given by Sauron added "demonic" force.[[#References|15]] On March 10, [[Third Age 3019|3019]], the signal was given and Minas Morgul was emptied. The Witch-king rode at the head of the army in black, upon a black horse, as he had in the time of the wars of Angmar. As the Witch-king passed out of the gates of the dead city, he sensed the presence of Frodo. He was disturbed, but continued on through Ithilien.

With the Witch-king in command, [[Osgiliath]] soon fell.[[#References|16]] The defeat was attributed to his superior numbers, and his terrible presence which made all hearts to quail. The [[Rammas Echor]] was breached, and the [[Pelennor Fields]] were overrun. Other wraiths he sent out mounted on [[Fell Beasts]]. [[Faramir]], [[Ruling Steward|Steward]] [[Denethor II]]'s son, was wounded by a dart and the [[Black Breath|black breath]], but his company was saved by a sortie. Then the Witch-king laid siege to [[Minas Tirith]] itself, sending fire and the heads of the dead Gondorians into the city via catapults. Then he launched the assault.

[[Image:Angus McBride - Gandalf facing Witch-king.gif|thumb|right|250px|''Gandalf facing the Witch-king'' by [[Angus McBride]].]]He sent [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] out first, accompanying it in person so as to be the first to enter the city. Three times Grond struck the gate, empowered by the sorcery of the Witch-king. The third time the Gate shattered in a flash of fire. The Witch-king passed into Minas Tirith, but was confronted by Gandalf on [[Shadowfax]]. Gandalf forbade him entry, but the Witch-king laughed and put on a show of power.

{{quote|The Black Rider flung back his hood, and behold! he had a kingly crown; and yet upon no head visible was it set. The red fires shone between it and the mantled shoulders vast and dark. From a mouth unseen there cam a deadly laughter. 'Old fool!' he said. 'Old fool! This is my hour. Do you not know Death when you see it? Die now and curse in vain!' And with that he lifted high his sword and flames ran down the blade.|''[[The Return of the King]]'', [[The Siege of Gondor]]}}

But as Gandalf stood resolute, the [[Rohirrim]] came. The Witch-king departed, mounting a fell beast and descending upon King [[Théoden]] who led the attack. [[Snowmane]], the King's horse, collapsed with a dart in the side, and Théoden was crushed beneath him. But the rider [[Dernhelm]] defied the Witch-king. The Witch-king threatened Dernhelm with a terrible death, but the rider revealed that she was a woman, [[Éowyn]], and the Witch-king remembered the words of Glorfindel. The Witch-king hesitated, but then moved forward. Éowyn decapitated the fell beast, but the Witch-king rose and struck her down with his mace, breaking her shield-arm. Then the hobbit [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] stabbed him in the sinew of his leg with the [[blade of Westernesse]], as he drew back to kill the woman. Then Éowyn rose and drove her sword through where his invisible head was, and the sword broke as his crown toppled. The Witch-king gave a great and horrible wail, and perished at last.[[#References|17]][[Image:Michael Kaluta - Eowyn and the Witch-King of Angmar.jpg|left|300px|thumb|''Éowyn and the Witch-king'' by [[Michael Kaluta]].]]

So the prophecy of Glorfindel was fulfilled, for the Witch-king did not fall at the hands of a man, but at the hands of a woman and a hobbit. With his death, and the coming of Aragorn II in the black ships, the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] was lost.

==Early Life==

The Witch-king's true name is never given, and therefore among [[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]], the Witch-king is often simply called ''Angmar'', after the name of the realm he founded and led. Many fans also identify him as one of the three [[Black Númenóreans]] Tolkien stated had become Nazgûl, or possibly [[Isilmo]], a Númenórean prince and father of Tar-Minastir. In the now defunct [[Middle-earth Role Playing]] game, he was named ''Er-Murazor'', a Númenórean prince, though this is strictly [[Canon|non-canonical]] and does not appear outside of the role playing material. It is also a popular belief among some fans, that the Witch-king was not dead as Éowyn had not an enchanted sword, and cite the passage that says that his wail was not heard again ''In this age of the earth''. But other Tolkien scholars say that although the Witch-king's return at an unspecified time in the future is possible, another possible solution is that Merry's stroke destroyed the Witch-king's invulnerability allowing Éowyn's non-magic blade to end his existence forever. Also, because of the perishing of the [[One Ring]], the nine other rings which kept the Nazgûl would probably have lost their power.

==Names==
* Witch-king of Angmar - "Witch" most likely coming from his background in sorcery, and "king" after his establishment of the realm of Angmar in 1300.
* Witch-lord of Angmar - A variant of the above title.
* Lord of the Nazgûl
* Lord of the Ringwraiths
* Chieftain of the Ringwraiths
* Lord of the Nine Riders
* King of the Nine Riders
* Wraith-lord
* Wraith-king
* High Nazgûl
* Lord of Morgul
* Morgul-lord
* King of Minas Morgul
* Black Captain
* Captain of Despair
* [[Dwimmerlaik]]
* Lord of Carrion

==Etymology==
While in modern English ''witch'' has mostly female connotations, referring to a hag or sorceress, in middle-English ''wicche'' had no gender distinction; the preference of ''witch'' for female persons (the males referred more usually as ''wizzards'') evolved later through the centuries.

Tolkien uses the archaic, gender-unspecific meaning of the term; of course, the word [[Wizard]] refers exclusively to the [[Maiar]] [[Istari]].

==Inspirations==
An undead witch-king named ''Þráinn'' appears in ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrómundar_saga_Gripssonar Hrómundar saga Gripssonar]''. It is possible that this was Tolkien's source of inspiration.

The prophecy that the Witch-king would fall "not by the hand of man" and the fulfillment of the prophecy occurring as a technicality (being slain by a hobbit and a woman) bears a striking resemblance to the prophecy regarding the title character's death in Shakespeare's Macbeth, where it was foretold that Macbeth will be slain "not by man born of woman" and is then killed by Mcduff, born by caesarian section. Tolkien it seems was familiar with the play, having reputedly taken inspiration for the Last March of the Ents from the same source (See article ''[[Ents]]'' for details).

==Portrayal in Adaptations ==
<center><gallery>
Image:Witch-king from PJ's LotR - Armored.jpeg|<center>The Witch-king in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]</center>
Image:Witchking ea rotk.jpg|<center>In ''[[EA's The Return of the King]]'', with different helmet.</center>
Image:The Lord of the Rings online Shadows of Angmar - Witch-king 1.jpg|<center>The Witch-king in [[The Lord of the Rings Online]].</center>
</gallery></center>

'''1956: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)]]'':'''
:The Black Captain is played by [[Felix Felton]].<ref name="RT1727">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1727, [[December 14]], [[1956]]</ref>

'''1978: ''[[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The Witch-king is shown with no distinction from the other Ringwraiths; all are robed in brown and black, and none seem to be able to talk clearly.

'''1980: ''[[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King]]'':'''
:The Witch-king is portrayed as a humanoid figure with no head. Red eyes glare under a golden crown. His dialogue is more or less as in the books, albeit in a strange and somewhat unfitting electronic voice. After a stab from behind by Merry, Éowyn beheads him. It is worthy of note that the Witch-king is seen with the [[Red Eye]] of [[Barad-dûr]] as his emblem and faction, rather than the grim moon of [[Minas Morgul]].

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The role of the Witch-king is expanded with material from ''[[The Hunt for the Ring]]''. He is the second speaking character in the series: he is the one who captures [[Gollum]], though he is not identified as such until the credits. [[Philip Voss]] provided the voice for the Witch-king.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The Witch-king is shown without distinction of the other Nazgûl.

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:The Lord of the Nazgûl is only named the "Witch-king of Angmar" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]''. In that film, there is no mention of [[Glorfindel]]'s prophecy; there is only a claim among the enemy that "no man can kill" the Witch-king. Like the other Nazgûl, he is depicted as a humanoid figure shrouded in a hooded black robe; his only distinguishing feature is a mask-like spiked helmet with a huge mouth. His first mention is when [[Gandalf]] tells [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] while in Minas Tirith that the Dark Lord has not yet revealed his greatest servant: the Witch-king, the one that "stabbed Frodo on Weathertop".

:During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], the Witch-king's army uses the ram [[Grond (battering-ram)|Grond]] to break through the city gates early in the battle (after the failure of a lesser ram), and the Witch-king is not present to confront Gandalf as he is in the book. The confrontation takes place later, as Pippin and Gandalf race to the tombs to save [[Faramir|Faramir]], and the Witch-king intercepts them. Unlike in the book, this meeting decisively favors the Witch-king, who breaks Gandalf's staff and throws the wizard to the ground before leaving to deal with the arrival of the [[Rohirrim]]. Gandalf's face shows obvious fear in this scene, in comparison to the resolution (for "victory or death") in the books.

:The Witch-king's destruction on the battlefield occurs with less dialogue than in the book, and the weapons used to destroy him are both mundane: Merry's sword is not a [[Daggers of Westernesse|dagger]] from the [[Barrow-downs]], but rather the Rohirric sword that Théoden had as a child.

:Eight actors are known to have played some part of the Witch-king.
# An unidentified extra portrayed the "King of Men" in the prologue. He was chosen to be the Witch-king simply because he was the smallest of the nine.
# [[Shane Rangi]] did the horse chase.
# [[Fran Walsh]] provided the "Ringwraith scream".
# Effects technician Ben Price played the Witch-king in "many scenes"<ref>http://www.decipher.com/content/2004/07/072904lotrwetaprops.html</ref>
# [[Brent McIntyre]] is officially credited as the Witch-king in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. He stabbed Frodo.
# [[Lawrence Makoare]] filled the robe of the Witch-king in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]''.
# [[Mark Ferguson]] filled the heavy armoured costume when Makoare felt claustrophobic.<ref>http://www.markferguson.net/articles/interview_Nautilus20.html</ref>
# [[Andy Serkis]] provided the voice of the Witch-king. It was layered thrice to give it a ghastly effect.

'''2003: ''[[EA's The Return of the King]]'':'''
:The Witch-king's role and voice are similar to that of the film, but his appearance is different. An early helmet design, that had been removed from the film because it resembled [[Sauron]]'s helm too much, was used here, presumably because there was no time to make a new character model.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Witch-king is a non-playable character that the player sees in various scenes.

==See Also==
* '''[[:Category:Images of the Witch-king|Images of the Witch-king]]'''
* [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]

{{references}}
# ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]], p. 289
# ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Akallabêth]], p. 267, [[Ballantine Books]] p. 320
# ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 20
# ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix B]]
# ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]] (iii), [[Houghton Mifflin]] p. 320
# ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[The Heirs of Elendil]], entry for [[Malvegil]], [[HarperCollins]] p. 193-194
# ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[The Heirs of Elendil]], entry for [[Argeleb I]], [[HarperCollins]] p. 194
# ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[The Heirs of Elendil]], entry for [[Arveleg I]], [[HarperCollins]] p. 194
# ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Palantíri]], note 16, [[Houghton Mifflin]] p. 413
# ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]] (iii), [[Houghton Mifflin]] p. 321-322
# ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]] (iv), [[Houghton Mifflin]] p. 331-332
# ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]] (iv), [[Houghton Mifflin]] p. 333
# ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Hunt for the Ring]], [[Houghton Mifflin]] p. 338-341
# ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[Flight to the Ford]]
# ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 210]], p. 272
# ''[[The Return of the King]]'', [[The Siege of Gondor]]
# ''[[The Return of the King]]'', [[The Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]

[[Category:Nazgûl]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[de:Der Hexenkönig von Angmar]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/nazgul/roi-sorcier]]
[[fi:Noitakuningas]]

User:Ainaldo

2010-10-04T05:20:35Z

Ainaldo: /* Ainaldo */ status update on the cross-referencing project

== Ainaldo ==

Hi, I'm Kris Kowal. I created [http://3rin.gs 3rin.gs], an interactive map of Middle-earth. I'm looking for assistance in cross-referencing the locations on the map with the articles on Tolkien Gateway.

Anyone can create references to Tolkien Gateway (or other references) by helping me populate this [https://spreadsheets5.google.com/ccc?key=tREvCwHhBD2ijs9aFEcn-fw&authkey=CJee_rkM&hl=en&authkey=CJee_rkM#gid=0 Google Docs spreadsheet].

With thanks from KingAragorn on IRC, I've managed to scrape the [[List of Place Names]] and automatically generate most of the links! Additions and corrections are welcome. The "Mapped" and "Mappable" columns, when blank, indicate that I haven't reviewed a link for whether it fits on the map.

When you browse the 3rin.gs map, there are articles with references and etymology you can traverse on the top-right. If you follow the "comments" or "discussion" link at the bottom of these articles, there is a "MAP" link in the top-right corner of each location's page, which provides a URL that you could in-turn place in the corresponding article on Tolkien Gateway. That's one approach.

Once I can cross-reference article links with my catalog of typonyms, it would be trivial for me to construct a spreadsheet of what map links. This would probably be the first step in constructing an embeddable map badge with a thumnail of each location.

I'm pretty easy to find. My email address is [mailto:kris@cixar.com kris@cixar.com]. I'm also reachable on the [http://groups.google.com/group/ennorath 3rin.gs mailing list].

User:Ainaldo

2010-10-03T22:19:39Z

Ainaldo: Call for assistance cross-referencing with my interactive map.

== Ainaldo ==

Hi, I'm Kris Kowal. I created [http://3rin.gs 3rin.gs], an interactive map of Middle-earth. I'm looking for assistance in cross-referencing the locations on the map with the articles on Tolkien Gateway.

Anyone can create references to Tolkien Gateway (or other references) by helping me populate this [https://spreadsheets5.google.com/ccc?key=tREvCwHhBD2ijs9aFEcn-fw&authkey=CJee_rkM&hl=en&authkey=CJee_rkM#gid=0 Google Docs spreadsheet].

When you browse the 3rin.gs map, there are articles with references and etymology you can traverse on the top-right. If you follow the "comments" or "discussion" link at the bottom of these articles, there is a "MAP" link in the top-right corner of each location's page, which provides a URL that you could in-turn place in the corresponding article on Tolkien Gateway. That's one approach.

Alternately, I'm interested in finding a way to automate the generation of links, either way. I'm a pretty flexible programmer. I could scrape an index to generate rows for the spreadsheet above.

Once I can cross-reference article links with my catalog of typonyms, it would be trivial for me to construct a spreadsheet of what map links. This would probably be the first step in constructing an embeddable map badge with a thumnail of each location.

I'm pretty easy to find. My email address is [mailto:kris@cixar.com kris@cixar.com]. I'm also reachable on the [http://groups.google.com/group/ennorath 3rin.gs mailing list].

User talk:Ainaldo

2010-10-03T21:56:17Z

Ainaldo: Adding welcome message to new user's talk page