Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

10 June

2026-06-09T18:57:09Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|June}}
Events that occurred on 10 June.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1909]]''' - Around this date [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] composes the [[Book of the Foxrook]].
* '''[[1915]]''' - Exams start at [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]]. Because of the [[World War I|war]], only [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and 24 others remain in the entire University. Tolkien would join the Army the same month, but wanted to finish his exams first.
* '''[[1937]]''' - ''[[The Battle of Maldon (E.V. Gordon)|The Battle of Maldon]]'', edited by [[E.V. Gordon]] and with contribution by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], is published.
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 73]].
* '''[[1954]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 146a]].
* '''[[1971]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 322a|a letter to "My dear Ladies"]].
* '''[[2008]]''' - Actor [[David Brierly]] dies.
* '''[[2021]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim]] is officially announced.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|162]][[de:10. Juni]][[fi:10. kesäkuuta]]</noinclude>

9 June

2026-06-08T16:49:58Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|June}}
Events that occurred on 9 June.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1930]]''' - Author [[Lin Carter]] is born.
* '''[[1941]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 45]].
* '''[[1957]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to William Ready (9 June 1957)|a letter to William Ready]].
* '''[[1963]]''' - Actress [[Megan Edwards]] is born.
* '''[[1966]]''' - [[John Garth]] is born.
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Midway Games]] is closed, because of bankruptcy.
* '''[[2012]]''' - ''[[The Broken Scythe|The Broken Scythe: Death and Immortality in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' is published.
* '''[[2016]]''' - ''[[The Return Of The Ring: Proceedings of the Tolkien Society Conference 2012]]'' is published.
* '''[[2020]]''' - ''[[The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' is published.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|161]][[de:9. Juni]][[fi:9. kesäkuuta]]</noinclude>

7 June

2026-06-08T13:38:25Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|June}}
Events that occurred on 7 June.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
*'''[[1955]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 163]].
*'''[[1957]]''' - [[Marquette University]] acquires many of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s manuscripts for £1,500 ([https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/bills/article-1633409/Historic-inflation-calculator-value-money-changed-1900.html worth £''£50,714'' in 2025]).
*'''[[1964]]''' - Actor [[Brian Talbot]] is born.
*'''[[1972]]''' – Actor [[Karl Urban]] is born.
*'''[[1981]]''' - The fourteenth episode of the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
*'''[[1999]]''' - ''[[Tolkien: A Celebration|Tolkien: A Celebration: Collected Writings on a Literary Legacy]]'' is published.
*'''[[2008]]''' - [[Forodrim]]'s 36th birthday celebration.
*'''[[2015]]''' - Actor [[Christopher Lee]] dies.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>
[[Category:Dates|159]][[de:7. Juni]][[fi:7. kesäkuuta]] </noinclude>

8 June

2026-06-07T17:35:45Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|June}}
Events that occurred on 8 June.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1925]]''' - Father [[Robert Murray]], friend of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and his family, is born.
* '''[[1961]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 230]].
* '''[[1961]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes a [[Letter to Rhona Beare (8 June 1961)|letter to Rhona Beare]].
* '''[[1994]]''' - Actor [[Anthony Boyle]] is born.
* '''[[2008]]''' - [[Forodrim]]'s 36th birthday celebration.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|160]][[de:8. Juni]][[fi:8. kesäkuuta]]</noinclude>

22 May

2026-05-23T07:49:47Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 22 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''1813''' - Composer [[Richard Wagner]] is born.
* '''[[1980]]''' - Actress [[Nazanin Boniadi]] is born.
* '''[[1992]]''' - [[The Tolkien Phenomenon]] begins in [[wikipedia:Turku|Turku]], [[wikipedia:Finland|Finland]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - "Tolkien and Philosophy" seminar in Modena, Italy.
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Unquendor]]'s Lustrumfeest.
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Middle-earth Weekend in [[Sarehole Mill|Sarehole]], [[Birmingham]].
* '''[[2014]]''' - '''''[[Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary]]'' is published.'''

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|143]][[de:22. Mai]][[fi:22. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

24 May

2026-05-23T07:49:23Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 24 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1932]]''' - [[R.W. Chambers]] sends [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] an inscribed copy of ''[[Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem]]''.
* '''[[1968]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to George Burke Johnston|a letter to George Burke Johnston]].
* '''[[1973]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] is [[Index:Interviews with J.R.R. Tolkien|interviewed]] concerning the election to the Oxford Poetry chair.
* '''[[1973]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 350]].
* '''[[1981]]''' - The twelfth episode of the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio adaptation]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[1992]]''' - [[The Tolkien Phenomenon]] ends in [[wikipedia:Turku|Turku]], [[wikipedia:Finland|Finland]].
* '''[[1994]]''' - [[Inklings|Inkling]] [[John Wain]] dies.
* '''[[2004]]''' - ''[[Understanding The Lord of the Rings]]'' is published.
* '''[[2014]]''' - ''[[Beowulf Launch Party]] hosted by [[The Tolkien Society]] and [[Middle-earth Network]] with support from Tolkien Brasil and The Tolkienist.
* '''[[2024]]''' - The online videogame ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Heroes of Middle-earth]]'' is discontinued online.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|145]][[de:24. Mai]][[fi:24. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

Letter to Rayner Unwin (23 May 1961)

2026-05-22T18:59:39Z

Alboin:

On [[23 May]] [[1961]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|a letter]] to [[Rayner Unwin]]'''.<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 575</ref>

*'''Subject:''' The art of [[Cor Blok]].
*'''Publication:''' In [[2011]], a quotation from the letter appeared in ''[[A Tolkien Tapestry]]'' (pp. 7, 25).
==See also==
*[[Letter to Rayner Unwin (28 December 1953)]]
*[[Letter to Rayner Unwin (12 May 1955)]]
*[[Letter to Rayner Unwin (25 April 1966)]]
*[[Letter to Rayner Unwin (12 October 1972)]]
{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Letters to Rayner Unwin]]
[[Category:Letters|Unwin, Rayner (1961-05-23)]]
[[de:Brief an Rayner Unwin (23. Mai 1961)]]

23 May

2026-05-22T16:49:45Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 23 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1958]]''' - Actor [[William Kircher]] is born.
* '''[[1961]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Rayner Unwin (23 May 1961)|a letter to Rayner Unwin]].
* '''[[1972]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 336]].
* '''[[1992]]''' - Second day of [[The Tolkien Phenomenon]] in [[wikipedia:Turku|Turku]], [[wikipedia:Finland|Finland]].
* '''[[2008]]''' - The [[RiffTrax]] commentary of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' is released online.
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings Online#Update 3: Lost Legends of Eriador|Update 3: Lost Legends of Eriador]], the third update of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' is released.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|144]][[de:23. Mai]][[fi:23. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

21 May

2026-05-22T15:45:11Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 21 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1944]]''' – [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 70]].
* '''[[1951]]''' - Artist [[Angelo Montanini]] is born.
* '''[[2000]]''' – The message-board [[Minastirith.com]] goes online.
* '''[[2011]]''' – [[Unquendor]]'s Lustrumfeest.
* '''[[2011]]''' – [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Middle-earth Weekend in [[Sarehole Mill|Sarehole]], [[Birmingham]].
* '''[[2013]]''' - '''''[[The Fall of Arthur]]'' is published.'''

==In Arda==
:''The are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|142]][[de:21. Mai]][[fi:21. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

20 May

2026-05-19T18:09:50Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 20 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1931]]''' – Actor [[Michael Spice]] is born.
* '''[[1965]]''' – [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 270]].
* '''[[1969]]''' – [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 310]].
* '''[[2011]]''' – [[Unquendor|Unquendor's]] Lustrumfeest.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3019}}:
** [[Arwen]] and [[Elrond]] come to [[Lothlórien]] on their way to [[Minas Tirith]].<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|141]]
[[de:20. Mai]]
[[fi:20. toukokuuta]]
</noinclude>

Gates of Summer

2026-05-18T17:59:14Z

Alboin:

{{events
| image = Alystraea - Tarnin Austa, Gondolin.png
| event=Gates of Summer
| othernames=''Tarnin Austa'', ''Andonavestan''
| location=[[Gondolin]]
| date=
| result=
| partof=
| participants=[[Gondolindrim]]
| description=
| references=
}}

The '''Gates of Summer''' was a great feast held in [[Gondolin]] when the [[Gondolindrim]] sang as the [[Sun]] rose.

It was upon the morning of this feast that [[Morgoth]]'s armies attacked the city, beginning the infamous [[Fall of Gondolin]].<ref>{{S|23}}</ref><ref>{{SM|Q16}}, p. 144</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In early versions of the [[legendarium]], more details are provided about the feast: '''Tarnin Austa''' (meaning "Gates of Summer" in [[Gnomish]], the first version of later [[Sindarin]]) was held on the eve of the first day of summer. It was custom to begin a solemn ceremony at midnight, continuing it until dawn of Tarnin Austa. The [[Gondothlim]] did not speak from midnight to daybreak, but upon the rising of the [[Sun]] they would burst into ancient songs, with choirs standing upon the eastern wall. At that time the city was filled with silver lamps, and lights of jewelled colours hung on the branches of the new-leaved trees.<ref>{{HM|LT2}}, pp. 172, 211, 347</ref>

In the early 1920s as Tolkien continued to evolve his ideas of [[Gnomish]] phonology, vocabulary, and plural-formation, he changed the name of the festival to ''Ternin Awest''<ref name="PE13">{{PE|13}}</ref>{{rp|153}} (or ''Ennyn Awest'') in the Noldorin Word-lists, with the festival's [[Qenya]] name being ''Andonavestan''.<ref name="PE13" />{{rp|143}} In his c. 1923 Noldorin Dictionary, Tolkien further emended ''Ternin'' to ''Teirn'',<ref name="PE13" />{{rp|160}} reflecting his next conception for pluralizing ''[[tarn]]'' ("gate").<ref name="PE13" />{{rp|153}}

{{references}}

{{gondolin}}

[[Category:Festivals and feasts]]
[[Category:Gondolin]]

[[de:Pforten des Sommers]]
[[fi:Kesänportti]]

19 May

2026-05-18T17:29:11Z

Alboin: interwiki de

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 19 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1955]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Miss Turnbull (19 May 1955)|a letter to a Miss Turnbull]].
* '''[[1959]]''' - Voice actor [[Jim Ward]] is born.
* '''[[1971]]''' - Voice actor [[Grant George]] is born.
* '''[[2006]]''' - ''[[The Ring of Words]]'' is published.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|140]][[de:19. Mai]][[fi:19. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

10 December

2026-05-18T16:52:37Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|December}}
Events that occurred on 10 December.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1824]]''' - Author [[George MacDonald]] is born.
* '''[[1941]]''' - [[Baillie Tolkien]] is born.
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[letter 91c]].
* '''[[1947]]''' - Author and satirist [[Douglas C. Kenney]] is born.
* '''[[1953]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 142a]].
* '''[[1960]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 225]].
* '''[[1962]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] is [[Index:Interviews with J.R.R. Tolkien|interviewed by John Bowen]].
* '''[[2001]] – ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' premieres at Odeon Leicester Square, in London.
* '''[[2013]]''' - ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]'' is released.
* '''[[2025]]''' - Voice actor [[Jim Ward]] dies.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Preparation-Company}}
** Full moon<noinclude><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xlviii</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Dates|345]][[de:10. Dezember]][[fi:10. joulukuuta]]</noinclude>

Jim Ward

2026-05-18T16:51:32Z

Alboin:

{{short description|Voice actor}}
'''James Kevin Ward''' ([[19 May]] [[1959]] — [[10 December]] [[2025]]) was an American voice actor and comedian.

==Roles==
* [[2006]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'': Additional voices
* [[2004]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'': Additional voices
* [[2003]]: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]: [[Gandalf]], Additional voices
* [[2002]]: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (video game)]]: Additional voices

==External links==
* {{WP|Jim Ward (voice actor)}}
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0911616/ Jim Ward] at [http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]
* [http://voicechasers.com/database/showactor.php?actorid=1177 Jim Ward] at [http://voicechasers.com/ Voice Chasers]

[[Category:Actors and actresses|Ward, Jim]]
[[Category:American people|Ward, Jim]]
[[Category:People by name|Ward, Jim]]

18 May

2026-05-17T17:41:04Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 18 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1912]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] [[:File:Oxford Union Society Library ledger - Tolkien 1912 fee.jpg|pays his Oxford Union Library fees]].
* '''[[1972]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 335]].
* '''[[1973]]''' - [[R.B. McCallum]] dies.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|139]][[de:18. Mai]][[fi:18. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

14 May

2026-05-13T18:54:34Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 14 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 69]].
* '''[[1969]]''' – Actress [[Cate Blanchett]] is born.
* '''[[1996]]''' – [[Vera Chapman]] dies.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|135]][[de:13. Mai]][[fi:14. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

12 May

2026-05-11T17:27:38Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 12 May
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1917]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] is declared fit for home service.
* '''[[1879]]''' - [[Percy Bates]] is born.
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 68]].
* '''[[1955]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Rayner Unwin (12 May 1955)|a letter to Rayner Unwin]].
* '''[[1965]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 269]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - "Reflections", the ninth set in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'' is released.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''

<noinclude>
[[Category:Dates|133]]
[[de:12. Mai]]
[[fi:12. toukokuuta]]
</noinclude>

6 May

2026-05-07T22:13:45Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 6 May
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 66]].
* '''[[1961]]''' - Actor [[Wally Wingert]] is born.
* '''[[1963]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] finishes writing [[Letter to Mr and Mrs Kloos|a letter to Mr. and Mrs. Kloos]].
* '''[[1966]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes a [[Letter to Martin M. Snapp|letter to Martin Snapp]].
* '''[[1968]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 303]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3019}}
** Full moon<noinclude><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xlix</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Dates|127]][[de:6. Mai]][[fi:6. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

8 May

2026-05-07T22:13:08Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 8 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1898]]''' - [[Vera Chapman]], founder of [[The Tolkien Society]], is born.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3019}}:
** [[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]] depart for [[Rohan]] with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] to set their land in order.<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|129]][[de:8. Mai]][[fi:8. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

7 May

2026-05-06T17:25:30Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 7 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1908]]''' - Voice actor [[Valentine Dyall]] is born.
* '''[[1931]]''' - [[Gene Wolfe]] is born.
* '''[[1969]]''' - Producer [[Rick Porras]] is born.
* '''[[2009]]''' - ''[[Cinematic Scripture: The Structure and Usage of The Lord of the Rings as Equipment for Living]]'' is published.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|128]][[de:7. Mai]][[fi:7. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

5 May

2026-05-04T16:07:40Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 5 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1917]]''' - [[Edith Tolkien]] writes her first letter to her husband at Thirtle Bridge army camp, near Withernsea from her new lodgings in Hornsea. The letter was re-directed to Hornsea Musketry Camp.
* '''[[1944]]''' - Actor [[John Rhys-Davies]] is born.
* '''[[1947]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 107a]].
* '''[[1958]]''' - Author [[James Branch Cabell]] dies.
* '''[[1960]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[letter 222f]].
* '''[[1977]] - ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'' is first published in the UK.'''
* '''[[2009]] - ''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún]]'' is published.'''
* '''[[2010]]''' - The ''[[wikipedia:America's Next Top Model|America's Next Top Model]]'' episode "[[Hobbits vs. Models]]" premières on [[wikipedia:The CW Television Network|The CW]].
* '''[[2011]]''' - ''[[English and Medieval Studies Presented to J.R.R. Tolkien on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday]]'' is made available as a print-on-demand publication from [[HarperCollins]].
* '''[[2024]]''' - Actor [[Bernard Hill]], who portrayed [[Théoden]] in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], dies.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|126]][[de:5. Mai]][[fi:5. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

The Bovadium Fragments: together with The Origin of Bovadium

2026-05-03T13:42:26Z

Alboin: corrigated finnish interwiki

{{disambig-two|2025 book|story|[[The End of Bovadium]]}}
{{book
| title=The Bovadium Fragments: together with The Origin of Bovadium
| image=The Bovadium Fragments.jpg
| author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| foreword=[[Chris Smith]]
| introduction=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
| editor=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
| contributors=[[Richard Ovenden]]
| translator=
| illustrator=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] Emily Langford<ref>{{webcite|author=[https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/10 Trotter]|articleurl=https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=62060#forumpost62060|articlename=The Bovadium Fragments: Together with ‘The Origin of Bovadium’|dated=4 May 2025|website=Guide|accessed=17 November 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514182642/https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=62047#forumpost62047|archivename=The Bovadium Fragments: Together with ‘The Origin of Bovadium’|archivedate=14 May 2025}}</ref> (front cover; based on the Tolkien's ''[[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - King's Norton from Bilberry Hill.jpeg|King's Norton from Bilberry Hill]]'')<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Shaun Gunner]]|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2025/06/new-tolkien-book-the-bovadium-fragments/|articlename=New Tolkien book – ''The Bovadium Fragments'' – is satire on industrialisation|dated=27 June 2025|website=TS|accessed=3 July 2025}}</ref>
| genre=[[Wikipedia:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|Post-apocalyptic]]<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John Garth]]|articleurl=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/lord-of-the-ring-road-jrr-tolkiens-war-against-the-motor-car-ssv8g3qtl|articlename=Lord of the ring road — JRR Tolkien’s war against the motor car|dated=3 October 2025|website=[https://www.thetimes.com/ The Times]|accessed=4 October 2025}}</ref> [[Wikipedia:Satire|satirical]]<ref>[[Clyde S. Kilby]], ''[[Tolkien and The Silmarillion|Tolkien & The Silmarillion]]'', II. "Summer with Tolkien", "Some Notes on “Smith of Wootton Major”", p. 36</ref> [[Wikipedia:Fantasy|fantasy]]<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 563 (entry "25 October 1960")</ref> or [[Wikipedia:Science Fiction|science fiction]]<ref>{{webcite|author=[https://www.reddit.com/user/AngryFrozenWater/ AngryFrozenWater]|articleurl=https://www.reddit.com/r/tolkienbooks/comments/1o2cx69/the_bovadium_fragments/|articlename=The Bovadium Fragments|dated=October 2025|website=Reddit|accessed=18 November 2025|archiveurl=|archivename=|archivedate=}}</ref>
| subject=''[[Motor Bus]]''<ref name="guidereview"/> ''[[The End of Bovadium]]'' ''[[Domine defende nos contra hos Motores bos!]]'' ''[[The Origin of Bovadium]]''
| publisher=[[HarperCollins]]
| publisherUK=
| publisherUS=
| date=
| dateUK=[[9 October]], [[2025]]
| dateUS=[[18 November]], [[2025]]
| format=Hardcover
| pages=144
| isbn=9780008737764
| isbn2=9780008815134
| noisbn=
| issn=
| ice=
| series=
| precededby=''[[The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' (2024)
| followedby=
| usablenext=
| gallery=
}}

<center>{{Quote|As scholars pour over fragments unearthed from the [[Vâsti|archeological site]] at [[Bovadium]], a handful of documents written in [[Latin|two]] [[Modern English|languages]] reveal the secrets of this ancient place, which have lain buried for centuries. Evidently once upon a time a [[Daemon]] arose in nearby [[Vaccipratum]], who by his cunning devised abominable machines, which he called ''[[Motores]]''. The people of Bovadium first became enamoured of these machines, but soon became their slaves; and as the roads were gridlocked and the city polluted by their fumes, the end of Bovadium was nigh.|From the back cover.<ref name="guidereview"/>}}</center>

'''''The Bovadium Fragments: together with The Origin of Bovadium''''' is a book by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], edited posthumously by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. It was published on [[9 October]] [[2025]].

The book presents for the first time Tolkien's ''[[The End of Bovadium]]'', a previously [[Index:Unpublished material|unpublished]] story that was written between the late [[1950]]s<ref name="telegraph">{{webcite|author=Dalya Alberge|articleurl=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/05/30/morris-motors-boss-may-inspired-tolkien-villain/|articlename=Morris Motors boss may have inspired Tolkien villain|dated=May 30, 2025|website=Telegraph|accessed=May 30, 2025}}</ref> and early [[1960]]<ref name="Bio">{{B|IV}}, Chapter VI: The Storyteller, p. 163 (footnote)</ref><ref>{{CG|RG}}, "Environment", pp. 255-6 ("The Machine")</ref> with its accompanying illustrations. Also included is ''[[The Origin of Bovadium]]'', an essay by [[Richard Ovenden]]. Around [[12 October]], Richard Ovenden signed copies of the book to be sold by Blackwells.<ref>{{webcite|author=[https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/5837 The late Stu]|articleurl=https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=64778#forumpost64778|articlename=The Bovadium Fragments: Together with ‘The Origin of Bovadium’|dated=12 October 2025|website=Guide|accessed=17 November 2025|archiveurl=|archivename=|archivedate=}}</ref> These signed copies were all sold out by [[2 November]] at the latest.<ref>{{webcite|author=[https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/1207 Laurin]|articleurl=https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=65213#forumpost65213|articlename=The Bovadium Fragments: Together with ‘The Origin of Bovadium’|dated=2 November 2025|website=Guide|accessed=17 November 2025|archiveurl=|archivename=|archivedate=}}</ref> On [[12 January]] [[2026]], a deluxe slipcased edition was announced, which would contain "an exclusive foldout colour frontispiece".<ref>{{webcite |author= [https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/965 Druss]|articleurl= https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=66923#forumpost66923|articlename= The Bovadium Fragments: Together with 'The Origin of Bovadium'|dated= 12 January 2026|website= Guide|accessed= 12 January 2026|archiveurl= |archivename= |archivedate=}}</ref>

==Contents==
*Cover
*Title Page
*Copyright
*Note to Readers
*''Publisher's Note''
*''Introduction''

*THE BOVADIUM FRAGMENTS
**Foreword
**Fragment I
**Fragment II
**Fragment III
**Postscript by the Editor
**Other Texts of Fragment II

*THE ORIGIN OF BOVADIUM
**''Acknowledgments''
**Works by J.R.R. Tolkien
**Endnotes
**About the Publisher

==Illustrations==
*[[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - London to Oxford through Berkshire.jpeg|London to Oxford through Berkshire]]<ref name="guidereview">{{webcite|author=[https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/1 Urulókë], [https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/4446 onthetrail], [https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/10 Trotter], and [https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/5058 Mr. Underhill]|articleurl=https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6867|articlename=The Bovadium Fragments: TolkienGuide review|dated=3 October 2025|website=Guide|accessed=4 October 2025}}</ref>
*[[:Category:Images by J.R.R. Tolkien|O to be in Oxford (North) now that Summer's here]]<ref>{{webcite|author=[https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/4446 onthetrail]|articleurl=https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=64971#forumpost64971|articlename=The Bovadium Fragments: Together with ‘The Origin of Bovadium’|dated=22 October 2025|website=Guide|accessed=22 October 2025}}</ref>
*[[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Turl Street, Oxford.jpeg|Turl St., Oxford]]<ref name="guidereview" />
*[[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Untitled (Alder by a Stream).jpeg|Untitled]] [Alder by a Stream]<ref name="guidereview" />
*[[:Category:Images by J.R.R. Tolkien|Broad Street, Oxford]]<ref name="guidereview" />
*[[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - King's Norton from Bilberry Hill.jpeg|King's Norton from Bilberry Hill]]<ref name="guidereview" />
*[[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Wood at the World's End.jpeg|The Wood at the World's End]]<ref name="guidereview" />

==From the publisher==
===Previous overview===
{{blockquote|World first publication of a previously unknown short satirical fantasy by J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by his son, Christopher Tolkien, and accompanied by illustrations from the author together with an essay, The Origin of Bovadium, by Richard Ovenden OBE.}}

===Overview===
{{blockquote|The first-ever publication of a previously unknown short satirical fantasy by J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by his son, Christopher Tolkien, and accompanied by illustrations from the author together with an essay, "The Origin of Bovadium," by Richard Ovenden OBE.

As Christopher Tolkien notes in his Introduction, ''The Bovadium Fragments'' was a "satirical fantasy" written by his father, which grew out of a planning controversy that erupted in Oxford in the late 1940s, when J.R.R. Tolkien was the Merton Professor of English Language and Literature.

Written initially for his own amusement, Tolkien’s tale was a private academic jest that poked gentle fun at the pomposity of archaeologists and the hideousness of college crockery. However, it was at the same time expressing a barbed ''cri de coeur'' against the inexorable rise of motor transport that was overwhelming the tranquility of his beloved city. Interest in publishing it in the 1960s ultimately foundered, and the text remained hidden for 60 years.

In this new edition, Christopher Tolkien provides notes and commentary that will enable the reader to enjoy at last this tale of an imagined Oxford viewed through the lens of future (and not wholly reliable) academic study. The text is accompanied by a small selection of illustrations by the author, some of them previously unpublished, which while not created specifically for this work, convey something of the tone and setting of the story, thereby enriching the tale.

Richard Ovenden's accompanying essay, "The Origin of Bovadium," paints a vivid portrait of Oxford during that time. Its text is illustrated with contemporary photos of the period, together with the actual plans that sparked the controversy. He also provides rich background to the casus belli which led to the furor that Tolkien witnessed firsthand, as the embers of debate between town planners and the university colleges were fanned into flame.

Playful, arch, erudite, and ultimately tragically moving, ''The Bovadium Fragments'' is like nothing else that J.R.R. Tolkien wrote, and its themes remain both provocative and timely. Within its lines may be found a concern for the fragility of our natural world, a love of which was shared by both father and son. As Christopher Tolkien’s final presentation of his father’s work, it is therefore perhaps fitting that ''The Bovadium Fragments'' should be their coda.}}

==Possible errata & typos==
Several sections of the book were written in [[Latin]] by Tolkien, and these parts do not seem to have been proofread as carefully as the rest of the text: there are a few spelling mistakes and typos left in the final published book. For instance, “Mortori” instead of “Motori” (p. 14), “periculum morris” instead of “periculum mortis”, or “Cresar” for “Caesar” (p. 50-51) and “redificia” for “aedificia” (p. 51). Moreover, the diphtong ''æ'' (''ae'') is not always (''i.e.'' inconsistently) ligatured (''e.g.'' “diversae [''sic''] factæ sunt linguæ eorum”, p. 50).{{Fact}}

==Publication history and gallery==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="125px" heights="125px">
File:The Bovadium Fragments.jpg|2025 hardcover
File:The Bovadium Fragments deluxe.png|2026 deluxe slipcased edition
</gallery>
*[[HarperCollins]] hardcover ([[2025]]), pp. 144. ISBN 9780008737764
*[[HarperCollins]] hardcover with slipcase ([[2026]]), ISBN 9780008815134

{{References}}

==External links==
* {{webcite|author=[https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/author/profile/32420.Andrew_Ffrench/ Andrew Ffrench]|articleurl= https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/25208394.secret-tolkien-story-focuses-car-maker-william-morris/|articlename='Secret' Tolkien story focuses on car maker William Morris|dated=2 June 2025|website=[https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/ Oxford Mail]|accessed=2 June 2025}}
*{{webcite|author=[https://www.tolkienguide.com/profile/5729 Eye_of_the_Black_Tower]|articleurl=https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=64231#forumpost64231|articlename=The Bovadium Fragments: Together with ‘The Origin of Bovadium’|dated=12 September 2025|website=Guide|accessed=12 September 2025}}
*{{webcite|author=[https://m.youtube.com/@TolkienGuide TolkienGuide]|articleurl=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGuQ-kEsbh4|articlename=Richard Ovenden OBE talks Tolkien and The Bovadium Fragments|dated=3 October 2025|website=YT|accessed=6 October 2025}}

{{Publishedmajorbooks}}

{{title|italics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bovadium Fragments: Together with 'The Origin of Bovadium, The}}

[[Category:Books by Christopher Tolkien]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Posthumous publications]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

[[de:Die Bovadium-Fragmente]]
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/the_bovadium_fragments]]
[[fi:Bovadium-fragmentit]]

The Bovadium Fragments: together with The Origin of Bovadium

2026-05-03T13:41:11Z

Alboin: interwikis

4 May

2026-05-03T08:40:10Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 4 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 65]].
* '''[[1944]]''' - While writing on ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] sees a new character arrive on the scene. He later [[Letter 66|comments]]: "''(I am sure I did not invent him, I did not even want him, though I like him, but there he came walking into the woods of [[Ithilien]]): [[Faramir]], brother of [[Boromir]]''".
* '''[[1958]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 209]].
* '''[[1981]]''' - Actor [[Trystan Gravelle]] is born.
* '''[[2003]]''' - Artist [[Ben Lee]] dies.
* '''[[2012]]''' - ''[[JRR Tolkien: The True Lord of the Rings]]'', a graphic novel, is published.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|125]][[de:4. Mai]][[fi:4. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

3 May

2026-05-02T13:31:49Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 3 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1954]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 144a]].
* '''[[1966]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Roger Verhulst (3 May 1966)|a letter to Roger Verhulst]].
* '''[[1968]]''' - Author [[Michael D.C. Drout]] is born.
* '''[[1981]]''' - The ninth episode of the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio adaptation]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[1989]]''' - Voice actor [[William Squire]] dies.
* '''[[1996]]''' - Author and academic [[Charles Moorman]] dies.
* '''[[2009]]''' - The fan film ''[[The Hunt for Gollum]]'' is released online.
* '''[[2018]]''' - ''[[Beren and Lúthien]]'' is published in paperback.
* '''[[2019]]''' - The biographical film, ''[[Tolkien (film)|Tolkien]]'', is released in the United Kingdom.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this date.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|124]][[de:3. Mai]][[fi:3. toukokuuta]]</noinclude>

Michael D.C. Drout

2026-05-02T06:12:52Z

Alboin:

{{author infobox
| image = Michael D.C. Drout.png
| name=Michael D.C. Drout
| born=[[3 May]] [[1968]]
| died=
| education=
| occupation=Literary critic, author, editor, professor
| location=
| website=[http://michaeldrout.com/ michaeldrout.com]
}}

'''Michael D.C. Drout''' (born [[3 May]] [[1968]]) is a professor of English and Chair of the English Department at Wheaton College in Norton, Massachusetts.

Along with [[Douglas A. Anderson]] and [[Verlyn Flieger]], Drout is a founding editor of ''[[Tolkien Studies (journal)|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review]]''.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://wvupressonline.com/journals/tolkien_studies|articlename=Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review|dated=|website=[http://wvupressonline.com/ West Virginia University Press]|accessed=21 January 2012}}</ref> He is also a member of the Board of Academic Advisors for [[Walking Tree Publishers]].<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.walking-tree.org/board_of_advisors.php|articlename=Walking Tree Publishers Board of Advisors|dated=|website=[http://www.walking-tree.org/ Walking Tree Publihers]|accessed=21 January 2012}}</ref>

==Bibliography==

===Books===

*[[2002]]: ''[[Beowulf and the Critics]]'' (editor)
*[[2006]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]'' (editor)
*[[2011]]: ''Beowulf and the Critics'', second edition (editor)
*[[2025]]: ''[[The Tower and the Ruin]]''

===Journals, editor===
*[[2004]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 1|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 1]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2005]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 2|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 2]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2006]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 3|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 3]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2007]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 4|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 4]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2008]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 5|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 5]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2009]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 6|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 6]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2010]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 7|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 7]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2011]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 8|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 8]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2012]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 9|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 9]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2013]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 10|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 10]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2014]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 11|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 11]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2015]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 12|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 12]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2016]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 13|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 13]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2017]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 14|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 14]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2018]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 15|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 15]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2019]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 16|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 16]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2020]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 17|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 17]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2021]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 18|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 18]]'' (co-editor)
*[[2022]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 19 Supplement|Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume 19 Supplement]]'' (co-editor)

===Articles===
*[[2002]]: ''The Medieval Academy of America'' [web site]
**"[http://www.medievalacademy.org/medacnews/news_drout.htm Wrong about almost everything: Editing J.R.R. Tolkien]" [web article]
*[[2004]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 1]]''
**"Tolkien's Prose Style and its Literary and Rhetorical Effects"
*[[2006]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings 1954-2004]]''
**"The Rhetorical Evolution of Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics"
*[[2009]]: [[Mallorn 47|''Mallorn'' 47]]
**"The memetics of culture": How Tradition Works"
*[[2011]]: [[Picturing Tolkien|''Picturing Tolkien: Essays on Peter Jackson's'' The Lord of the Rings ''Film Trilogy'']]
**"The Rohirrim, the Anglo-Saxons, and the Problem of Appendix F: Ambiguity, Analogy and Reference in Tolkien's Books and Jackson's Films"
*[[2013]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: the Forest and the City]]''
**"The Tower and the Ruin: The Past in J.R.R. Tolkien's Works"
*[[2013]]: ''[[Tolkien's Poetry]]''
** "Reading Tolkien's Poetry" (Introduction)
*[[2014]]: [[Tolkien Studies: Volume 11|''Tolkien Studies'': Volume 11]]
**"Tolkien's Creation of the Impression of Depth" (with Namiko Hitotsubashi and Rachel Scavera)
*[[2015]]: [[Tolkien Studies: Volume 12|''Tolkien Studies'': Volume 12]]
**"''[[Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary]] together with Sellic Spell'' by J.R.R. Tolkien"

===Audiobooks===

*[[2006]]: ''Of Sorcerers and Men: Tolkien and the Roots of Modern Fantasy Literature'' (lecture)

==External links==
* [https://wheatoncollege.edu/academics/faculty-directory/michael-drout/ Profile at Wheaton College]
* [https://www.chronicle.com/article/reaching-for-the-ring/ Interview at Chronicle.com]
* [http://michaeldrout.com/ Official website]
* [https://wormtalk.blogspot.com/ Official blog]

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Drout, Michael}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Academics]]
[[Category:Editors]]
[[Category:JRRTE contributors]]
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:People by name|Drout, Michael]]
[[de:Michael D. C. Drout]]

User:Alboin

2026-05-01T17:52:34Z

Alboin: German HDM Wiki is inactive, so I think the information can be removed

__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__
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| name=Alboin
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| language=[[wikipedia:German language|German]]
| location=Germany
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{{user Germany}} 
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{{user interwiki|[https://ardapedia.org Ardapedia]}}
}}

I’m only here for adding German interwiki links to [https://www.ardapedia.org Ardapedia].

My username Alboin relates to [[Alboin Errol]], the character in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkien’s]] unfinished ''[[The Lost Road]]'' story.

[[de:Benutzer:Alboin]]
[[fi:Käyttäjä:Alboin]]

5 November

2026-05-01T15:45:51Z

Alboin: added entry for 2013

<noinclude>{{month|November}}
Events that occurred on 5 November.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1918]]''' - Actor [[Alan Tilvern]] is born.
* '''[[1956]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Mr Britten (5 November 1956)|a letter to Mr Britten]].
* '''[[2003]]''' - "The Return of the King", the seventh set in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'', is released.
* '''[[2003]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare]]'' is published.
* '''[[2013]]''' - ''[[I See Fire]]'', credit song of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', is released.
* '''[[2015]]''' - ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies: Chronicles: The Art of War]]'' is published.
* '''[[2019]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Minas Morgul]]'' expansion is released.

==In Arda==
* {{FA|495}}:
** [[Tuor]], guided by [[Voronwë]], travels to [[Gondolin]] in order to deliver [[Ulmo]]'s message to [[Turgon]].
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Preparation-Company}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|310]][[fi:5. marraskuuta]]</noinclude>

I See Fire

2026-05-01T15:41:40Z

Alboin:

{{Tdossoundtrack}}
{{album
| image = Ed Sheeran.jpg
| title=I See Fire
| type=Song
| artist=[[Ed Sheeran]]
| released=[[5 November]], [[2013]]
| recorded=
| genre=
| length=5:00
| language=English
| label=[[Wikipedia:WaterTower Music|WaterTower Music]]
}}
'''I See Fire''' is a song, written and performed by [[Ed Sheeran]], that features in the end credits of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''. It is also the fourteenth track of the second disc of both ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]'' and [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition|special edition soundtrack]].

==Lyrics==
{{Blockquote|<poem>Oh, misty eye of the mountain below
Keep careful watch of my brothers' souls
And should the sky be filled with fire and smoke
Keep watching over [[Durin's Folk|Durin's sons]]

If this is to end in fire
Then we should all burn together
Watch the flames climb high into the night
Calling out father, oh, stand by and we will
Watch the flames burn auburn on
The mountain side

And if we should die tonight
Then we should all die together
Raise a glass of wine for the last time
Calling out father, oh
Prepare as we will
Watch the flames burn auburn over
The mountain side

Desolation comes upon the sky

Now I see fire
Inside the mountain
I see fire
Burning the trees
And I see fire
Hollowing souls
I see fire
Blood in the breeze
And I hope that you remember me

Oh, should my people fall in
Surely I'll do the same
Confined in mountain halls
We got too close to the flame
Calling out father, oh
Hold fast and we will
Watch the flames burn auburn on
The mountain side

Desolation comes upon the sky

Now I see fire
Inside the mountain
I see fire
Burning the trees
And I see fire
Hollowing souls
And I see fire
Blood in the breeze
And I hope that you remember me

And if the night is burning
I will cover my eyes
For if the dark returns then
My brothers will die
And as the sky is falling down
It crashed into this lonely town
And with that shadow upon the ground
I hear my people screaming out

Now I see fire
Inside the mountain
I see fire
Burning the trees
And I see fire
Hollowing souls
And I see fire
Blood in the breeze

I see fire (Oh you know I saw a city burning) (fire)
And I see fire (Feel the heat upon my skin, yeah) (fire)
And I see fire (Uh-uh-uh-uh) (fire)
And I see fire burn auburn on the mountain side </poem>}}

==Music video==
<youtube>uf8Fwiy0Bkc</youtube>

{{hobbitfilms}}
[[Category:The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|214]]
[[Category:The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition|214]]
[[de:I See Fire]]
[[fi:I See Fire]]

I See Fire

2026-05-01T15:41:29Z

Alboin:

I See Fire

2026-05-01T15:40:21Z

Alboin:

BBC

2026-05-01T11:16:27Z

Alboin: interwiki de

The '''British Broadcasting Corporation''', or '''BBC''', is the world's largest broadcasting corporation. As such, the company, and especially BBC Radio, have had a major influence on the adaptation of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s works.

==BBC Radio Drama==
The ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/soundstart/rdc.shtml BBC Repertory Company]'', was founded in 1940. Early stars included [[Norman Shelley]] and Carleton Hobbs, who have played [[wikipedia:John Watson (Sherlock Holmes)|Watson]] and [[Wikipedia:Sherlock Holmes|Holmes]] in over nintey radio dramas.

The "''Rep''" kept an ensemble cast of 30 to 35 actors, up until the mid-1980's. This cast included young theatre talent, such as [[Anthony Daniels]] and [[Bill Nighy|William Nighy]], and was sometimes expanded with popular names.

This section of the BBC is now called the ''National Radio Company'' or ''NRC'', and has been awarded many times.

==Programs==
* [[14 January|January 14]], [[1938]]: An unspecified program on BBC Radio, where Tolkien gave a talk on ''Anglo-Saxon Verse''.
* [[3 December|December 3]], [[1954]]: The broadcast of the radio play of ''[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth, Beorhthelm's Son (radio play)|The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth, Beorhthelm's Son]]'', on the BBC Third Programme.
* [[1955]]-[[1956]]: The [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|first adaptation]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on BBC Radio.
* [[30 March|March 30]], [[1968]]: BBC Television airs the documentary ''[[Tolkien in Oxford]]''.
* September–November [[1968]]: The BBC's [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|radio adaptation]] of ''The Hobbit'' is aired.
* January [[1971]]: [[An Interview with J.R.R.T.]] (recorded in [[1965]]) is first aired.
* [[1978]]: Though shot in Spain, [[Ralph Bakshi]] recorded the voices of his ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' with several actors from the NRC.
* [[October]], [[1979]]: The popular children's show ''[[Jackanory]]'' airs ten episodes on ''[[The Hobbit]]''.
* [[1980]]: [[Hordes of the Things]]
* [[1981]]: The famous [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|second radio series]] of ''The Lord of the Rings'' is aired.
* [[1987]]: ''[[The Adventures of Frodo]]'' with [[Michael Hordern]]
* [[1992]]: The 6-episode radio series ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' is aired.
* [[2012]]: ''[[Tolkien in love]]'' is aired on BBC radio 4.
* [[2012]]: ''The Hobbit, the Musical'', a BBC Radio 4 programme about the [[The Hobbit (1967 stage adaptation)|1967 stage adaptation]] of ''[[The Hobbit]]''
* [[2013]]: ''[[Beyond Belief]]'' discuss the theology of J.R.R. Tolkien.
* [[2013]]: ''[[When Tolkien Stole Wagner's Ring]]'' is aired on BBC radio 3.
* [[2013]]: ''Lewis and Tolkien: The Lost Road''
* [[26 October]] [[2014]]: ''[[Hope in the Darkness]]'' Dr Simon Jones and Alister McGrath explore the life and spirituality of J.R.R. Tolkien
* [[15 November]] [[2014]]: ''[[War of Words: Soldier-Poets of the Somme]]''

==External links==
* '''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/ Official website]'''
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC Wikipedia profile]
[[Category:British organizations]]
[[de:BBC]]

2 May

2026-05-01T10:21:34Z

Alboin: interwikis

<noinclude>{{month|May}}
Events that occurred on 2 May.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1924]]''' - Voice actor [[Theodore Bikel]] is born.
* '''[[1955]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Miss Turnbull (2 May 1955)|a letter to Miss Turnbull]].
* '''[[1968]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 302]].
* '''[[1970]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] is awarded an honorary Doctorate of Letters by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham University of Nottingham].
* '''[[1978]]''' - [[Jonathan Harding]] is born.
* '''[[1981]]''' - [[Amon Hen 50|''Amon Hen'' 50]] is published.
* '''[[1995]]''' - Voice actor [[Michael Hordern]] dies.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2942}}:
** [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] wakes up in [[Rivendell]] before dawn. The Elves are singing loud and clear under his open window.
[[de:2. Mai]]
[[fi:2. toukokuuta]]
[[Category:Dates|123]]

30 April

2026-04-29T21:13:25Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 30 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1915]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes the poem ''[[The City of the Gods|Kôr]]''.
* '''[[1941]]''' - Voice actor [[Sean Arnold]] is born.
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 64]].
* '''[[1952]]''' - Brazilian translator [[Ronald Kyrmse]] is born.
* '''[[1954]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Stanley Unwin|a letter to Stanley Unwin]].
* '''[[1954]]''' - Programmer [[Don Woods]] is born.
* '''[[1995]]''' - Voice actor [[Michael Graham Cox]] dies.
* '''[[2003]]''' - ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography (Greenwood Biographies)|J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'' by [[Leslie Ellen Jones]] is published.
* '''[[2004]]''' - ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 1]]'' is published.
* '''[[2005]]''' - ''[[The Forsaken Realm of Tolkien]]'' is published.
* '''[[2005]]''' - ''[[Interrupted Music: The Making of Tolkien's Mythology]]'' is published.
* '''[[2007]]''' - ''[[Roots and Branches]]'' is published.
* '''[[2011]]''' - ''[[Tolkien and Wales|Tolkien and Wales: Language, Literature and Identity]]'' by [[Carl Phelpstead]] was published.
* '''[[2018]]''' - ''[[Poetry and Song in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' is published.
* '''[[2020]]''' - The deluxe edition of ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo#2020 Deluxe edition|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: with Pearl and Sir Orfeo]]'' is published.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|121]][[de:30. April]][[fi:30. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>

30 April

2026-04-29T21:13:06Z

Alboin:

29 April

2026-04-28T19:55:45Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 29 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1916]]''' - Voice actor [[William Squire]] is born.
* '''[[1926]]''' - Voice actor [[Leonard Fenton]] is born.
* '''[[1945]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 98a]].
* '''[[1946]]''' - Tolkien's biographer [[Humphrey Carpenter]] is born.
* '''[[1992]]''' - [[Stephen Oliver]] dies.
* '''[[2011]]''' - ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Double Worlds and Creative Process]]'' is published.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3019}}
** First Quarter<noinclude><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xlix</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Dates|120]][[de:29. April]][[fi:29. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>

The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)

2026-04-28T05:36:49Z

Alboin: interwiki de

{{disambig-more|The Lord of the Rings|[[The Lord of the Rings (disambiguation)]]}}
In [[1955]], the [[BBC|BBC Radio Third Programme]] aired a treatment of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in six episodes. A [[1956|year later]], six episodes on ''[[The Two Towers]]'' and ''[[The Return of the King]]'' followed. Though only the latter six episodes were called thus, the entire series has become known as the 1955 [[:Category:Radio adaptations|radio series]] of '''''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'''''. Each of these twelve episodes was repeated just once, almost immediately, between two and five days after its first broadcast. It is the first adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'' and the first [[Middle-earth]] known adaptation in any form. No recordings of this series are known to have survived. However, the scripts<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/mar/12/hoard-of-the-rings-lost-scripts-for-bbc-tolkien-drama-discovered Hoard of the rings: ‘lost’ scripts for BBC Tolkien drama discovered]</ref> and some correspondence<ref name="L175">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 175]] (dated [[30 November|November 30]], [[1955]])</ref><ref name="L176">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 176]] (dated [[8 December|December 8]], [[1955]])</ref> still exist, as well as some parts of the musical score.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHxP0JMn484&t=139s ''Searching for the lost recordings of J.R.R. Tolkien'' - Music from 1955 LOTR dramatization], 2nd minute, 19th second of the documentary. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07mvd5z Originally broadcast] in August 2016 on BBC Radio 4, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHxP0JMn484 archive copy] by Sídh Aníron. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref>

==Episodes==
;The Fellowship of the Ring
* Episode 1: "The Meaning of the Ring" [[14 November]], [[1955]]<ref name="CaG"/><ref>{{webcite|website=[http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ BBC Genome Project]|accessed=23 February 2019|articlename='THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING' by J. R. R. Tolkien - Third Programme - 14 November 1955|articleurl=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/f441220ac7294a379a004301e4263405}}</ref>
* Episode 2: "Black Riders and Others" [[21 November]], [[1955]]<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ BBC Genome Project]|accessed=23 February 2019|articlename='THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING' by J. R. R. Tolkien - Third Programme - 21 November 1955|articleurl=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/6baebadd0e47480f80b4172053c254ff}}</ref>
* Episode 3: "Aragorn", [[29 November]], [[1955]]<ref name="RT1672">Radio Times, Volume 129, No. 1672, [[25 November|November 25]], [[1955]]</ref>
* Episode 4: "Many Meetings", [[4 December]], [[1955]]<ref name="RT1673">Radio Times, Volume 129, No. 1673, [[2 December|December 2]], [[1955]]</ref>
* Episode 5: "The Moria Gate", [[11 December]], [[1955]]<ref name="RT1674">Radio Times, Volume 129, No. 1674, [[9 December|December 9]], [[1955]]</ref>
* Episode 6: "The Breaking of the Fellowship", [[18 December]], [[1955]]<ref name="RT1675">Radio Times, Volume 129, No. 1675, [[16 December|December 16]], [[1955]]</ref>
;The Lord of the Rings
* Episode 1: "Fangorn", [[19 November]], [[1956]]<ref name="RT1723">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1723, [[16 November|November 16]], [[1956]]</ref>
* Episode 2: "Rohan and Isengard", [[26 November]], [[1956]]<ref name="RT1724">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1724, [[23 November|November 23]], [[1956]]</ref>
* Episode 3: "Into the Dark", [[2 December]], [[1956]]<ref name="RT1725">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1725, [[30 November|November 30]], [[1956]]</ref>
* Episode 4: "The Siege of Gondor", [[9 December]], [[1956]]<ref name="RT1726">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1726, [[7 December|December 7]], [[1956]]</ref>
* Episode 5: "Minas Tirith and Mount Doom", [[16 December]], [[1956]]<ref name="RT1727">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1727, [[14 December|December 14]], [[1956]]</ref>
* Episode 6: "Many Partings" [[23 December]], [[1956]]<ref name="RT1727"/><ref>{{webcite|website=[http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ BBC Genome Project]|accessed=23 February 2019|articlename='THE LORD OF THE RINGS by J. R. R. Tolkien - Third Programme - 23 December 1956|articleurl=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/1227a1f1b6464340b435e5e5f84ad163}}</ref>

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Actor !! Role
|-
| John Baker || Orcs<ref name="RT1723"/>
|-
| Nicolette Bernard ||Unspecified (presumably [[Goldberry]]),<ref name="RT1672"/> [[Galadriel]]<ref name="RT1675"/>
|-
| Oliver Burt || [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]<ref name="RT1672"/>
|-
| Michael Collins || [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]]<ref name="RT1672"/>
|-
|[[Frank Duncan]] || [[Legolas]],<ref name="RT1674"/> [[Halbarad]],<ref name="RT1726"/> Additional voices<ref name="RT1672"/><ref name="RT1673"/>
|-
|[[Valentine Dyall]] || [[Treebeard]],<ref name="RT1723"/> [[Théoden]],<ref name="RT1724"/> Orcs<ref name="RT1675"/>
|-
|[[Robert Farquharson]] || [[Saruman]],<ref name="RT1724"/> [[Denethor]]<ref name="RT1726"/>
|-
|[[Felix Felton]] || [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]],<ref name="RT1674"/> Voice of [[Sauron]],<ref name="RT1724"/> [[Witch-king|The Black Captain]],<ref name="RT1727"/> Orcs,<ref name="RT1723"/> Additional voices<ref name="RT1672"/><ref name="RT1673"/>
|-
|[[Garard Green]] || [[Elrond]],<ref name="RT1674"/> [[Celeborn]],<ref name="RT1675"/> Additional voices<ref name="RT1673"/>
|-
| Olive Gregg || [[Éowyn]]<ref name="RT1727"/>
|-
| Derek Hart || Narrator<ref name="RT1672"/>
|-
|[[David Hemmings]] || [[Bergil]]<ref name="RT1726"/>
|-
|[[Noel Johnson]] || [[Éomer]]<ref name="RT1723"/>
|-
| Basil Jones || [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]<ref name="RT1672"/>
|-
|[[Godfrey Kenton]] || [[Aragorn]],<ref name="RT1672"/> [[Mablung (ranger of Ithilien)|Mablung]],<ref name="RT1675"/> Additional voices<ref name="RT1673"/>
|-
|[[Eric Lugg]] || [[Gimli]],<ref name="RT1674"/> Additional voices<ref name="RT1673"/>
|-
|[[Victor Platt]] || [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]<ref name="RT1672"/>
|-
|[[Derek Prentice]] || [[Boromir]],<ref name="RT1674"/> [[Faramir]],<ref name="RT1725"/> [[Beregond]],<ref name="RT1726"/> Orcs,<ref name="RT1727"/> Additional voices<ref name="RT1672"/><ref name="RT1673"/>
|-
|[[Bernard Rebel]] || [[Gríma|Wormtongue]]<ref name="RT1724"/>
|-
|[[Prunella Scales]] || [[Ioreth]]<ref name="RT1727"/>
|-
|[[Gerik Schjelderup]] || [[Gollum]],<ref name="RT1723"/> Orcs<ref name="RT1723"/>
|-
| [[Norman Shelley]] || [[Gandalf]],<ref name="RT1674"/> [[Tom Bombadil]],<ref name="RT1672"/><ref name="L175"/> An Old Man,<ref name="RT1723"/> Additional voices<ref name="RT1673"/>
|-
| Roger Snowdon || Orcs<ref name="RT1675"/><ref name="RT1723"/><ref name="RT1727"/>
|-
|}

Adapted by [[Terence Tiller]].<ref name="L193">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 193]] (dated [[2 November|November 2]], [[1956]])</ref> Music by Anthony Smith-Masters.<ref name="RT1672"/>

==Differences from the book==
*In the first six episodes, dialogue was preserved as much as possible, but in the last six, some liberty had to be taken.<ref name="CaG">[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]'', ''The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Reader's Guide'', "Adaptations", pp. 8-23</ref>
* The second part of the series had to have a lot of cuts because executives at the [[BBC]] were not as fond of ''The Lord of the Rings'' as the listeners were.<ref name="CaG"/>
*'''Tom Bombadil:''' Considered by Tolkien "dreadful", though it is left unexplained why.<ref name="L175"/>
*'''[[Goldberry]]:''' She was portrayed as Bombadil's daughter.<ref name="L175"/> Tiller later apologized to Tolkien, stating he had thought the age difference between the two too large to portray them as a couple.<ref name="CaG"/>
*'''[[Old Man Willow|Willowman]]:''' He is shown in league with [[Mordor]], rather than just an antagonist of the Hobbits.<ref name="L175"/> The opening narrator reads 'He [Sauron] has other allies too, from one of which the hobbits have been rescued by the strange and ancient power of Tom Bombadil.'<ref name = "Milestone">[https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fd07c3e1-c729-47f3-ba24-f568968eedce/files/rbv73c0908 ‘A Milestone in BBC History? The 1955-56 Radio Dramatization of The Lord of the Rings’]</ref>
*'''[[Glóin]]:''' He was given a German accent. Tolkien thought he was not too bad, though a bit exaggerated.<ref name="L176"></ref>
*'''The [[Council of Elrond]]''': Severely trimmed, only the base actions and characters remained.<ref name="CaG"/>
*'''The [[Chamber of Mazarbul]]''': Omitted.<ref name = "Milestone"></ref>
*[[Boromir]] does not speak to [[Aragorn]] before his death.<ref name = "Milestone"></ref>
{{References}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Radio adaptations]]
[[de:The Lord of the Rings (Hörspiel, 1955)]]

28 April

2026-04-27T16:54:30Z

Alboin: reverted stupid mistake

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 28 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1915]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes ''[[The Little House of Lost Play: Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva|You and Me / and the Cottage of Lost Play]]''.
* '''[[1936]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes the manuscript "[[Parma Eldalamberon 21|Primitive Quendian: Final Consonants]]".
* '''[[1948]]''' - Author [[Terry Pratchett]] is born.
* '''[[1956]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Deirdre Levinson (28 April 1956)|a letter to Deirdre Levinson]].
* '''[[1961]]''' - Actor [[Jamieson Price]] is born.
* '''[[1965]]''' - Actor [[Steven Jay Blum]] is born.
* '''[[1967]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to John Leyerle|a letter to John Leyerle]].
* '''[[1972]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Mrs Robertson|a letter to Mrs Robertson]].
* '''[[1979]]''' - ''[[One Ring to Bind Them All: Tolkien's Mythology]]'' is published.
* '''[[2001]]''' - Actor [[Paul Daneman]] dies.
* '''[[2008]]''' - ''[[Tolkien - min vän Ronald och hans världar]]'' is published.
* '''[[2009]]''' - The [[1997]] documentary ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien (1997 documentary)|J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' is released on DVD in the USA.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2941}}:
** [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] leaves [[Bag End]] and starts his journey to the [[Lonely Mountain]] with [[Gandalf]] and the [[Thorin and Company|dwarves]].<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|119]][[de:28. April]][[fi:28. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>

28 April

2026-04-27T16:54:02Z

Alboin:

26 June

2026-04-25T08:28:01Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|June}}
Events that occurred on 26 June.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1957]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Deirdre Levinson (26 June 1957)|a letter to Deirdre Levinson]].
* '''[[1968]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 305]].
* '''[[2007]]''' - ''[[Tree of Tales]]'' is published.
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Simon Tolkien]] publishes the article "[[In My Grandfather's Footsteps]]".<noinclude><ref>{{cite web |articleurl=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jrr-tolkiens-grandson-in_b_550097 |articlename=J.R.R. Tolkien's Grandson: In My Grandfather's Footsteps |website=[https://www.huffpost.com/ HUFFPOST] |accessed=25 April 2026}}</ref></noinclude>
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Northern Hemisphere seminar: "Tolkien & [[Birmingham]]".
* '''[[2012]]''' - ''[[Tolkien and Welsh]]'' by [[Mark T. Hooker]] is published.
* '''[[2016]]''' - Scholar [[John Ellison]] dies.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''

<noinclude>{{References}}
[[Category:Dates|178]][[fi:26. kesäkuuta]]</noinclude>

26 April

2026-04-25T08:23:39Z

Alboin: 2010: The article was published on 26 June.

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 26 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1923]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s review "[[Holy Maidenhood]]" is published in ''The Times Literary Supplement''.
* '''[[1981]]''' - The eighth episode of [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|the 1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[1999]]''' - Fan site [[TheOneRing.net]] is created.
* '''[[2009]]''' - The PC game ''[[Third Age: Total War]]'' is released.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2941}}:
** [[Gandalf]] visits [[Bag End]] looking for somebody to take part in an adventure but [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] rejects the offer.<noinclude>

[[Category:Dates|117]]
[[de:26. April]]
[[fi:26. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>

27 April

2026-04-25T07:00:14Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 27 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1915]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes ''[[The Little House of Lost Play: Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva|You and Me / and the Cottage of Lost Play]]''.
* '''[[1932]]''' - Voice actor [[Casey Kasem]] is born.
* '''[[1966]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 286]].
* '''[[1998]]''' - Voice actor [[Godfrey Kenton]] dies.
* '''[[2015]]''' - Cinematographer [[Andrew Lesnie]] dies.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2941}}:
** [[Thorin and Company|Thirteen dwarves]] and [[Gandalf]] arrive at [[Bag End]]. [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] learns of the [[Lonely Mountain]] and [[Smaug]] and agrees to accompany the [[Thorin and Company|dwarves]] and [[Gandalf]] on their adventure.<noinclude>

[[Category:Dates|118]]
[[de:27. April]]
[[fi:27. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>

25 April

2026-04-24T21:35:56Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 25 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1937]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Charles Furth (25 April 1937)|a letter to Charles Furth]].
* '''[[1954]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 144]].
* '''[[1966]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Rayner Unwin (25 April 1966)|a letter to Rayner Unwin]].
* '''[[1985]]''' - ''[[A Path from Rome|A Path from Rome: An Autobiography]]'', which includes a [[Index:Reminiscences of J.R.R. Tolkien|reminiscence of J.R.R. Tolkien]], is published.
* '''[[1997]]''' - ''[[Tyalië Tyelelliéva]]'' issue [[Tyalië Tyelelliéva 10|10]] is published.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|116]][[de:25. April]][[fi:25. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>

The Lord of the Rings Foreword

2026-04-24T19:34:59Z

Alboin:

{{disambig-more|Foreword|[[Foreword (disambiguation)]]}}
The '''Foreword''' is the very first section appearing in '''''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'''''.

The Foreword notoriously introduces minor spoilers that concern much later events in the story, as if they are well-known facts. For example, the first edition Forword mentioned the descendants of Master [[Samwise Gamgee]], thus reassuring that he would survive the adventure. Other references include that the [[One Ring]] won't be used, and hints about the treachery of [[Saruman]].

==First edition==
In the Foreword to the first edition of ''The Lord of the Rings'',<ref group=note>Reprinted in "greater part" in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' (pp. 25-6), and in its entirety in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' (pp. lxviii-lxx).</ref> Tolkien imposes himself as merely translator and editor of the text to come, thus sharing the [[legendarium|in-universe]] character of the [[1951]] [[The Hobbit Preface|prefatory note]] to the second edition of ''[[The Hobbit]]''.

Tolkien disliked his own text, noting that it mixes real-life matters of his life (including referencing the [[Inklings]] and [[Tolkien family|his children]]) with the [[secondary world|in-universe]] "machinery" of the Tale.<ref>{{PM|II}}, p. 26</ref>

The full, original text of this Foreword can be found in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', under the "Foreword to the Second Edition" section.

==Second and later editions==
In [[1965]] [[Ballantine Books]] needed a new text in order to renew the copyright in the United States, and to challenge the controversy raised by [[Ace Books]]. For that edition Tolkien wrote a new Foreword.<ref name=rc>{{HM|RC}}</ref>{{rp|p. lxx}}

The Foreword written specifically for Ballantine ends with a paragraph where Tolkien thanks the American readers for their courtesy, and makes a reference to the copyright laws and the unauthorised edition (which he compares it to something that Saruman would do) and pleaded them to prefer only the edition authorised by him, dedicating the book to all those who will enjoy the story. This paragraph is absent to European editions.<ref name=rc/>{{rp|p. lxxx}}

As for the previous paragraph (where Tolkien mentions that there have been alterations, corrections and additions in that edition, like notes and a small index) sometimes is omitted, or replaced by a new text describing alterations (like the absence of the [[Appendices]]).<ref name=rc/>{{rp|p. lxxix}}

The original text wrote that his work "has been read by many people since it finally appeared in print ten years ago", a number that was updated in subsequent printings. The number was omitted in [[1976]] on a suggestion by Christopher Tolkien.<ref name="rc"/>{{rp|p. lxxiiv}}

===Mistakes===
Recollecting the writing of the book 25 years earlier, the references to dates and progress of writing, are inaccurate (possibly false memories), contradicting more detailed letters that Tolkien had written while composing the story.

For example Tolkien claims that he began writing ''The Lord of the Rings'' soon after completing ''The Hobbit''; and when ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was rejected, he "went back to the sequel". In reality it was right then, December [[1937]], when he ''started'' writing the book.<ref name=rc/>{{rp|pp. lxxi-lxxii}}

Another example is the hiatus in [[1940]], after writing about [[Balin's Tomb]], until late [[1941]]. [[Christopher Tolkien]] says that it contradicts contemporary [[Letter 37]]; the hiatus was probably in [[1939]] until [[August]] [[1940]].<ref name=rc/>{{rp|p. xxiii}}<ref>{{RS|Moria}}, p. 461</ref>

==See also==
*[[The Hobbit Preface|''The Hobbit'' prefatory note]]

{{references|n}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Lord of the Rings'' Foreword}}
{{lotr}}

[[Category:The Lord of the Rings chapters|Foreword]]
[[de:Vorwort (Der Herr der Ringe)]]
[[fi:Esipuhe (TSH)]]

24 April

2026-04-23T21:27:49Z

Alboin: interwiki

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 24 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 63]].
* '''[[1957]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 196a]].
* '''[[1962]]''' - Author and editor [[Henry Gee]] is born.
* '''[[2007]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'' is released.
* '''[[2008]]''' - [[Guillermo del Toro]] is officially announced as the director of ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|The Hobbit]]'' film adaptation and its proposed sequel.
* '''[[2008]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]: [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Doom of the Last-King" is released in North America.
* '''[[2014]]''' - [[Peter Jackson]] announces that the third ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|Hobbit film]]'' is to be renamed from ''There and Back Again'' to ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]''.
* '''[[2018]]''' - [[Robert Murray]] dies.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|115]][[de:24. April]][[fi:24. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>

Robert Murray

2026-04-23T20:51:09Z

Alboin: interwiki

{{author infobox
| image=
| name=Robert Murray
| born=[[8 June]] [[1925]]
| died=[[24 April]] [[2018]]
| education=1944-48, Classics at Christi College, [[Oxford University|Oxford]] 1961-63, Theology at the Gregorian University, Rome
| occupation=Priest, Scholar, Author
| location=England
| website=
|}}
Father '''Robert Patrick Ruthven Murray''' (b. [[8 June]] [[1925]] - [[24 April]] [[2018]]) was an English [[Catholicism|Roman Catholic]] theologian and grandson of Sir [[wikipedia:James Murray (lexicographer)|James Murray]] (the founder of the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'').

A personal friend of the Tolkien family (a friendship which contributed to his conversion to Roman Catholicism) since 1944, Murray was entrusted by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] to proofread drafts and manuscripts of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Tolkien and Murray corresponded frequently, especially on matters of religion, and several letters to Murray were published in ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' (letters [[Letter 142|142]], [[Letter 156|156]], [[Letter 209|209]]).

He became a Jesuit in 1949 and was ordained in 1959. On [[1 August]] [[1959]], Tolkien served Murray's first Mass, and on [[6 September]] [[1973]], four days after Tolkien's death, he assisted in a requiem Mass for Tolkien in the Church of St Anthony of Padua in Headington, Oxford.

He was on the Faculty of [[wikipedia:Heythrop College|Heythrop College]] in Oxfordshire and London since 1963.

During the [[Tolkien Centenary Conference]] in [[Oxford]] ([[1992]]), Father Murray delivered the sermon at the Thanksgiving service.

==Bibliography, selected==
===Articles===
*[[1973]]: ''The Tablet'', 15 September 1973
**"[[A Tribute to Tolkien]]"
*[[1995]]: ''[[Proceedings of the J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference]]''
**"Sermon at Thanksgiving Service, Keble College Chapel, 23rd August 1992"
*[[1999]]: ''[[Tolkien: A Celebration|Tolkien: A Celebration: Collected Writings on a Literary Legacy]]''
**"J.R.R. Tolkien and the Art of the Parable" [reprint of the sermon given in the Tolkien Centenary Conference]

==Filmography==
* [[Tolkien Remembered]] ([[1992]])
* [[J.R.R.T.: A Film Portrait of J.R.R. Tolkien]] ([[1996]])
* [[Secrets of Middle-Earth: Inside Tolkien's Lord of the Rings]] ([[2003]])

==References==
*{{L|142}}
*[[Joseph Pearce|Pearce, Joseph]], ''[[Tolkien: A Celebration|Tolkien: A Celebration: Collected Writings on a Literary Legacy]]''
*[[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond, Wayne G.]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull, Christina]], ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]: Reader's Guide'', pp. 614–5
*''[[Tolkien Centenary Conference 1992]]''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murray, Robert}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:Religious workers]]
[[de:Robert Murray]]

Donato Giancola

2026-04-22T17:50:39Z

Alboin:

{{artist infobox
| image=Donato Giancola.jpg
| name=Donato Giancola
| born=[[7 March]] [[1967]]
| died=
| education=
| style=
| images=[[:Category:Images by Donato Giancola|Gallery]]
| location=
| website=[https://donatoarts.com/ Official website]
}}
'''Donato Giancola''' (born [[7 March]] [[1967]]), professionally simply known as '''Donato''', is an American artist specializing in science-fiction and fantasy illustrations, especially [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]-related depictions. ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' were the first books he read for pleasure and "they left an impression so deep on my psyche that they are forever a standard to which other novels are compared." His proudest achievement artistically has been [[:Image:Donato_Giancola_-_The_Hobbit_-_Expulsion.jpg|The Hobbit: Explusion]].<ref>[http://www.donatoart.com/faq.html Giancola's Official FAQ] (accessed 20 January 2011)</ref><ref name=CCGA>{{CCGA|entry=Giancola, Donato}}, pp. 140-141</ref>

His artwork [[:File:Donato Giancola - Frodo's Inheritance.png|“Frodo’s Inheritance”]] won the Best Artwork in The Tolkien Society Awards 2024.<ref>{{webcite|website=The Tolkien Society|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2024/04/winners-of-the-tolkien-society-awards-2024-announced/|articlename=Winners of The Tolkien Society Awards 2024 announced|accessed=15 April 2024}}</ref>

==Bibliography, selected==

*[[2010]]: ''[[Middle-earth: Visions of a Modern Myth]]''
*[[2019]]: ''[[Middle-earth: Journeys in Myth and Legend]]''

==Awards==
*[[2004]] - [http://www.worldfantasy.org/awards/2004.html World Fantasy Award], Best Artist.
*[[2024]]: '''[[Tolkien Society Awards|Tolkien Society Award]]: Best artwork''', "''[[:File:Donato Giancola - Frodo's Inheritance.png|Frodo’s Inheritance]]''"

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Donato Giancola|Images by Donato Giancola]]

==External links==
*'''[http://www.donatoart.com/ Official Website]'''
*{{WP|Donato Giancola}}
*[https://www.artstation.com/donatoarts Artstation]
*[https://www.instagram.com/donatoarts/?hl=en Instagram]
===Interviews===
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNyZLmEkiVA&ab_channel=TolkienExperience 53 - Donato Giancola] (Episode 53 of [[The Tolkien Experience| The Tolkien Experience Podcast]])
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpOhNTSDKPk&ab_channel=NormanRockwellMuseum Interview with the Norman Rockwell Museum]
*[https://issuu.com/sociedadtolkiencolombiaorodruin/docs/6._noviembre_2018 Caravaggio conoce a Tolkien: Entrevista con Donato Giancola] in ''Dragón Verde 6'' pp. 11–13 '''(Spanish)'''

{{references}}

[[Category:Artists|Giancola, Donato]]
[[Category:American people|Giancola, Donato]]
[[Category:People by name|Giancola, Donato]]
[[de:Donato Giancola]]
[[fi:Donato Giancola]]

23 April

2026-04-22T04:19:59Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 23 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1907]]''' - Author [[Paul H. Kocher]] is born.
* '''[[1925]] - ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (edition)|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' is first published.'''
* '''[[1944]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 62]].
* '''[[1957]]''' - Poet [[Roy Campbell]] dies.
* '''[[1986]]''' - Voice actor [[Otto Preminger]] dies.
* '''[[1987]]''' - ''[[Pictures under Discussion]]'' is published.
* '''[[2010]]''' - Musician and composer [[Bo Hansson]] dies.
* '''[[2020]]''' - Actor [[Bruce Allpress]] dies.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|114]][[de:23. April]][[fi:23. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>

21 April

2026-04-20T16:54:21Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 21 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1953]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 137a]].
* '''[[1995]]''' – ''[[Tyalië Tyelelliéva]]'' issue [[Tyalië Tyelelliéva 5|5]] is published.
* '''[[2010]]''' – ''[[Middle-earth Minstrel]]'' is published.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2841}}:
** [[Thráin]] sets out for the [[Lonely Mountain]].
* {{TA|3019}}:
** New Moon<noinclude><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xlix</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Dates|112]]
[[de:21. April]]
[[fi:21. huhtikuuta]]
</noinclude>

19 April

2026-04-20T15:53:40Z

Alboin:

<noinclude>{{month|April}}
Events that occurred on 19 April.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1899]]''' - [[Nevill Coghill]], [[Inklings|Inkling]], is born.
* '''[[1917]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], in revalidation, is assigned to the Humber Garrison, but is not fit enough.
* '''[[1966]]''' - [[Rayner Unwin]] writes [[Letter to Rayner Unwin (25 April 1966)|a letter to J.R.R. Tolkien]].
* '''[[1972]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Eva Heilborn|a letter to Eva Heilborn]].
* '''[[1981]]''' - The seventh episode of [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|the 1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[1995]]''' - Actor [[Patrick Gibson]] is born.
* '''[[2009]]''' - The first e-Book editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' are published.
* '''[[2012]]''' - ''[[Tolkien in East Yorkshire 1917 - 1918]]'' is published.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|110]][[de:19. April]][[fi:19. huhtikuuta]]</noinclude>