Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Wilfrid Trewin Jeremy

2024-09-03T18:42:17Z

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{{anglosaxon infobox
| name=Wilfrid Trewin Jeremy
| people=[[wikipedia:English people|Englishman]]
| image = Afalstein - Notion Club Papers - Jeremy.png
| caption="Notion Club Papers - Jeremy" by [[:Category:Images by Afalstein|Afalstein]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=University Lecturer in [[wikipedia:English literature|English Literature]]
| location=
| affiliation=The [[Notion Club]]
| language=[[wikipedia:English language|English]]
| birth=[[1942]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
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| parentage=Implied to be a descendant of [[Voronwë (companion of Elendil)|Voronwë]], a [[Man]] of [[Númenor]]
| siblings=
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| gender=Male
| height=Short
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'''Wilfrid Trewin Jeremy''' (born in [[1942]]) was a member of the [[Notion Club]].

== History ==
Jeremy was a university lecturer in [[wikipedia:English literature|English literature]] who was educated at Corpus Christi. He specialized in Escapism, and has written books on the history and the criticism of ''Ghost-stories'', ''Time-travel'', and ''Imaginary Lands''.<ref>{{SD|2b}}</ref>

During the discussions with other members of the Club, he was often trying to arouse interest in [[C.S. Lewis|Lewis]] and [[Charles Williams|Williams]]. He was the Club's "Lewis-expert", and knew all his works, and had given lectures on Lewis and Williams.<ref>{{SD|2cn}}</ref>

In one of the meetings, Jeremy seemed to have started receiving visions of [[Númenor]] along with [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham|Lowdham]]. He became aware of the meaning of the word ''[[Sauron|Zigûr]]''. He became sick, and started speaking aloud many words in, to them, an unknown language, which turned out to be [[Adûnaic]]. A [[wikipedia:Great Storm of 1987|great storm]] came, and clouds in the shapes of the [[eagles]] covered the sky. Then he began to call Lowdham by a strange name, ''Nimruzīr'', and he in turn was named by Lowdham ''Abrazān''. Those were their names in Adûnaic: ''Nimruzīr'' standing for ''Alwin'' and ''Abrazān'' for ''Trewin''.<ref name="Storm">{{SD|2d}}, "Night 67"</ref>

Later that night, he and Lowdham tormed out of [[Michael George Ramer|Ramer's]] rooms where they were having the meeting, and went on a journey, and returned after more than three months.<ref name="Storm"/><ref name="Return">{{SD|2d}}, "Night 69"</ref> On their journey, they began to experience strange dreams, going back in time all the way to the [[wikipedia:Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon England]]. There, Jeremy, identified with a man named [[Tréowine]] son of [[Céolwulf]], and Lowdham, associated with one [[Ælfwine]] son of [[Éadwine]], arrived at [[wikipedia:Porlock|Porlock]] in [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]]. There, Tréowine recited the poem ''[[King Sheave]]'', to the king [[wikipedia:Edward the Elder|Éadweard]].<ref name="Return"/>

Around the year [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/915 915], in autumn, the [[wikipedia:Danes|Danes]] attacked Porlock. They were at first driven off and Ælfwine's company managed to capture a Danish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knarr cnearr] at night. At dawn Tréowine was told by his closest friend, Ælfwine, he intended to sail off westward, perhaps to the country of the legendary king Sheaf. Tréowine agreed to accompany him at least as far as to [[wikipedia:Ireland|Ireland]]. They got two other companions: [[Ceola]] of [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]] and [[Geraint]] of [[wikipedia:West Wales|West Wales]].<ref name="Seventy">{{SD|2d}}, "Night 70"</ref>

Many days after they passed Ireland the voyagers were exhausted. A "dreamlike death" seemed to come over them, and soon they passed out. The last that is known of the journey is that Tréowine saw the world plunge down under them, while sailing the [[Straight Road]]. Later, Ælfwine found himself stranded on the beaches of [[Tol Eressëa]] where the [[Elves]] told him the stories of [[Valinor]] and [[Beleriand]], and Lowdham received also the visions of [[Númenor]] before and during its fall.<ref name="Seventy"/>

At the end it is implied that Jeremy (as well as Tréowine) was a descendant of [[Voronwë (companion of Elendil)|Voronwë]], a man of Númenor and a companion of [[Elendil]] the Tall on his voyage to [[Middle-earth]]; and that was the reason of his vivid dreams concerning Númenor and its downfall.<ref name="Seventy"/>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| VOR | |VOR=[[Voronwë (companion of Elendil)|Voronwë]] ''b. late {{SA}}''}}
{{familytree| |:| | |}}
{{familytree| |:| | |}}
{{familytree| WIL | |WIL='''WILFRID TREWIN JEREMY''' ''b. [[1942]]''}}
{{familytree/end}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeremy, Wilfrid Trewin}}
[[Category:Characters from the later Ages]]
[[Category:English people (in-universe)]]
[[Category:The Notion Club Papers]]

Michael George Ramer

2024-09-03T18:42:12Z

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{{anglosaxon infobox
| name=Michael George Ramer
| people=[[wikipedia:English people|Englishman]]
| image = Afalstein - Notion Club Papers - Ramer.png
| caption="Notion Club Papers - Ramer" by [[:Category:Images by Afalstein|Afalstein]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Professor of [[wikipedia:Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] Philology
| location=
| affiliation=The [[Notion Club]]
| language=[[wikipedia:Hungarian language|Magyar]], [[Modern English|English]], and a bit of [[Keladian]]
| birth=[[1929]]
| birthlocation=[[wikipedia:Hungary|Hungary]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=Writer of romances
| house=
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'''Michael George Ramer''' (born in [[1929]]) was a fictional member of the [[Notion Club]].

== History ==
Ramer was born in [[wikipedia:Hungary|Hungary]] in 1929, and was educated at Jesus College. His parents returned to [[wikipedia:England|England]] when he was four years old, where he lived by [[Gunthorpe Park]] in [[Wikipedia:Matfield|Matfield]] during his childhood.<ref>{{SD|2c}}, p. 181</ref>

He spent a good deal of time in [[wikipedia:Finland|Finland]] and Hungary between [[1956]] and [[1968]]. He was a professor of [[wikipedia:Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] philology, but was better known as a writer of romances. Among his other interests were [[wikipedia:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]] and antiquities.<ref>{{SD|2b}}</ref>

He had written a book called ''[[The Stone-eaters]]'' that has a Glacier in it.<ref name="Space">{{SD|2c}}, "Night 61"</ref>

During a meeting of the Club at [[20 February]], [[1987]], Ramer read a story he had written about space travel. He was criticized by [[Nicholas Guildford|Guildford]] for not contriving convincing means of traversing great distances in space.<ref>{{SD|2c}}, "Night 60"</ref> Afterwards he thought of an idea of using dreams as means of traveling from one point in space to another, and he perfected the method of recollecting bits of information from the dreams which would have been otherwise forgotten.<ref name="Space"/>

He claimed to have visited many worlds in his vivid dreams, which he described in great detail, and many words in alien languages he had remembered. At the end of the retelling of his dreams to the Club, he said that he had landed on a planet very similar to the Earth, and he saw what he described as buildings and structures, indicating a presence of sentient beings.<ref name="Space"/>

In one of the subsequent meetings, when [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham|Lowdham]] mentions the name of ''[[Númenor|Nūmenōr]]'', Ramer seems to be intrigued, saying that it was his name for [[Atlantis-haunting|Atlantis]];<ref>{{SD|2d}}, "Night 65"</ref> and during the ''Night 66'' he notes a peculiar sequence of names: [[Albuin]] son of [[Auduin]], [[Ælfwine]] son of [[Éadwine]] and Alwin son of [[Edwin Lowdham|Edwin]], all names bearing the same two meanings.<ref>{{SD|2d}}, "Night 66"</ref>

Afterwards, he asked [[Professor Rashbold]] to transliterate and translate, if he can, a manuscript which was written by Edwin Lowdham, Arundel's father in an unknown script (which turned out to be [[Tengwar]]), and he succeeded, finding that the language in which the text was written was [[Old English]]. The text described an unknown cataclysmic event, which turned out to be the [[Downfall of Númenor]].<ref>{{SD|2d}}, "Night 68"</ref>

== Inspiration ==
In one of the manuscripts, beneath ''Ramer'' [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote ''Self'', indicating that originally he intended Ramer to serve as a sort of an alter-ego for himself inside the text. Later, he wrote ''CSL'' (indicating [[C.S. Lewis]]) and finally he wrote ''To''. However, according to [[Christopher Tolkien]], it would be useless to seek any great similarity between the characters from the text and the real people.<ref>{{SD|2a}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{notionclub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramer, Michael George}}
[[Category:Characters from the later Ages]]
[[Category:English people (in-universe)]]
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Rupert Dolbear

2024-09-03T18:42:07Z

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{{anglosaxon infobox
| name=Rupert Dolbear
| people=[[wikipedia:English people|Englishman]]
| image = Afalstein - Notion Club Papers - Dolbear.png
| caption="Notion Club Papers - Dolbear" by [[:Category:Images by Afalstein|Afalstein]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Ruthless Rufus''; ''Rufus''
| titles=
| position=Research Chemist
| location=
| affiliation=The [[Notion Club]]
| language=[[wikipedia:English language|English]]
| birth=[[1929]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
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'''Rupert Dolbear''' (born in [[1929]]) was a member of the [[Notion Club]].

== History ==
Rupert Dolbear was a Research Chemist who gained an education at Wadham College, and among his interests were philosophy, psychoanalysis, and gardening. He was a close friend of [[Michael George Ramer]] and was known to the Club as ''Ruthless Rufus''.<ref>{{SD|2b}}</ref> He had a habit of sleeping loudly during long readings or discussions, but he would rouse up in the middle of a debate, showing that he had an odd ability of both sleeping and listening (he said that it was a time-saving habit that long membership of the Club had forced him to acquire).<ref>{{SD|2c}}, "Night 60"</ref>

== Inspiration ==
There was a chemist's shop in [[Oxford]] called ''Dolbear & Goodall'' and [[Christopher Tolkien]] recollects that his [[J.R.R. Tolkien|father]] found this particularly engaging and that it may be that Tolkien found in Dolbear the chemist a comic appropriateness to [[Robert Havard]] or to Havard as he was going to present him, since in one of the manuscripts he wrote ''Havard'' beneath ''Dolbear'', indicating that Dolbear, with his red hair and beard and his nickname in the Club, can be seen as a sort of a parody of Havard.<ref>{{SD|2a}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{notionclub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dolbear, Rupert}}
[[Category:Characters from the later Ages]]
[[Category:English people (in-universe)]]
[[Category:The Notion Club Papers]]

Nicholas Guildford

2024-09-03T18:42:02Z

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{{anglosaxon infobox
| name=Nicholas Guildford
| people=[[wikipedia:English people|Englishman]]
| image = Afalstein - Notion Club Papers - Guildford.png
| caption="Notion Club Papers - Guildford" by [[:Category:Images by Afalstein|Afalstein]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Archaeologist Club reporter
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| affiliation=The [[Notion Club]]
| language=[[wikipedia:English language|English]]
| birth=[[1937]]
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'''Nicholas Guildford''' (born in [[1937]]) was a member of the [[Notion Club]].

== History ==
Nicholas Guildford was an archaeologist and the Club reporter who got an education at Lincoln College. He was seldom recorded as reading anything to the Club, and it was then not reported; but he appears to have written several novels.<ref name="Foreword">{{SD|2b}}</ref>

In one of the meetings, after [[Michael George Ramer]] had finished reading his story, Guildford criticized it for not having a convincing method of transportation across the space, deeming it highly unlikely or even impossible for humans to ever (in flesh) get to another planet.<ref>{{SD|2c}}, "Night 60"</ref>

When [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham]] and [[Wilfrid Trewin Jeremy]] went on a journey after the ''Night 67'', during which a [[wikipedia:Great Storm of 1987|great storm]] hit [[wikipedia:England|England]], and in which Lowdham and Jeremy seemed to have received a vision of a sort of the [[Downfall of Númenor]],<ref>{{SD|2d}}, "Night 67"</ref> he was the one who received a letter from the two, stating they were still "researching" and that "more stuff may come through".<ref>{{SD|2d}}, "Night 68"</ref>

== Inspiration ==
It had been shown to the editor of the [[Notion Club Papers]], Mr. [[Howard Green]], by a historian [[J.R. Titmass]], that the name of ''Nicholas Guildford'' was derived from an old medieval text titled ''[[wikipedia:The Owl and the Nightingale|The Owl and the Nightingale]]'' and that it was a pseudonym.<ref name="Foreword"/>

{{references}}
{{notionclub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guildford, Nicholas}}
[[Category:Characters from the later Ages]]
[[Category:Chroniclers of Arda]]
[[Category:English people (in-universe)]]
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Alwin Arundel Lowdham

2024-09-03T18:41:16Z

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{{anglosaxon infobox
| name=Alwin Arundel Lowdham
| people=[[wikipedia:English people|Englishman]]
| image = Afalstein - The Notion Club Papers.jpg
| caption="The Notion Club Papers" by [[:Category:Images by Afalstein|Afalstein]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Arry''
| titles=
| position=Lecturer in [[wikipedia:English language|English Language]]
| location=[[Oxford]]
| affiliation=The [[Notion Club]]
| language=[[wikipedia:English language|English]], [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]], [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
| birth=[[1938]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=Writer of comic of satirical verses
| house=
| parentage=[[Edwin Lowdham]] Also implied to have been a descendant of [[Elendil]]
| siblings=
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| gender=Male
| height=Tall
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{{quote|Well, I'm a philologist, which means a misunderstood man.|Lowdham about himself in [[The Notion Club Papers Part Two|''The Notion Club Papers'']], "Night 66"}}

'''Alwin Arundel Lowdham''' (born in [[1938]] and educated at B.N.C.,<ref group=note>Although ''The Notion Club Papers'' have dates on them which puts them mostly in the 1980s, the "Notes to the Second Edition" mentions the contradictory evidence in dating the manuscripts, and an alternative date is presented: they may have been written in the 1940s.</ref>), nicknamed "Arry", was a [[Man]] living in the [[wikipedia:20th century|20th century]] [[wikipedia:England|England]]. He was a lecturer in [[wikipedia:English language|English language]] and a member of the [[Notion Club]], a literary discussion group based in [[Oxford]].<ref name="Foreword">{{SD|2b}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Early history ===
In [[1947]], when Arundel was nine years old, his father [[Edwin Lowdham|Edwin]], along with three other sailors, went off in his ship [[Éarendel]] into the [[wikipedia:Atlantic ocean|Atlantic]] and never returned. After he had left, the young Lowdham began to take interest in languages, especially [[Anglo-Saxon]] and [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]].<ref name="Edwin">{{SD|2d}}, "Night 66"</ref>

=== The Notion Club ===
In [[2012]], [[Howard Green]], a School Clerk, found a disordered bundle of papers on the top of one of a number of sacks of waste paper in the basement of the Examination Schools at Oxford. They were loosely tied with a red string and on the outer sheet was inscribed in large Lombardic capitals: '''NOTION CLUB PAPERS'''. Later, it was discovered that the papers reported approximately one hundred meetings of a certain discussion group. The meetings took place between c. [[1980]] and [[1990]], and Lowdham was one of its members.<ref name="Foreword"/>

During those meetings, many of the members reported having strange dreams, in which it seemed to them that they traveled through space or time.<ref>{{SD|2c}}</ref><ref name="Two">{{SD|2d}}</ref> In several of such dreams, Lowdham managed to capture certain words and phrases of two unknown languages. As it turned out, it was a description of the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in both [[Quenya]] and [[Adûnaic]].<ref name="Two"/>

In the subsequent meetings, he began to receive not only aural, but also visual stimuli describing that event. During a meeting that took place on [[12 June]], [[1987]], labeled ''Night 67'', a great storm hit England, and strange clouds in the shapes of [[eagles]] hovered above Oxford.<ref>{{SD|2d}}, "Night 67"</ref> After that night, he and one of his fellow members, [[Wilfrid Trewin Jeremy]], went missing and were only later heard from by a letter where it was found that they were on a journey across the country.<ref>{{SD|2d}}, "Night 68"</ref>

=== Ælfwine and Tréowine ===
He and Jeremy returned to Oxford just one day before the next meeting, which took place on [[25 September]], 1987. At that meeting, Lowdham described a dream in which he went back to the [[wikipedia:Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon England]], to [[wikipedia:Porlock|Porlock]]. In that dream, he identified himself with a man named [[Ælfwine]], and was bidden by the king [[wikipedia:Edward the Elder|Éadweard]] to sing before his throne. But instead of speaking what he had in mind for such an occasion, he commenced a song in which he put forth his love of the sea. At that, many of those in the hall who knew him well started laughing, not wanting any more of his songs concerning the sea. But the king's [[wikipedia:Thegn|thegn]] [[wikipedia:Odda, Ealdorman of Devon|Odda]], reprimanded them. A while later, a man named [[Tréowine]] son of [[Céolwulf]], who was identified with Jeremy, started reciting a poem, ''[[King Sheave]]'', about the legendary Lombardic [[wikipedia:Sceafa|king]].<ref>{{SD|2d}}, "Night 69"</ref>

Around the year [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/915 915], in autumn, the [[wikipedia:Danes|Danes]] attacked Porlock. They were at first driven off and Ælfwine's company managed to capture a Danish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knarr cnearr] at night. At dawn Ælfwine told to his closest friend, Tréowine, he intended to sail off westward, perhaps to the country of the legendary king Sheaf. Tréowine agreed to accompany him at least as far as to [[wikipedia:Ireland|Ireland]]. They got two other companions: [[Ceola]] of [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]] and [[Geraint]] of [[wikipedia:West Wales|West Wales]].<ref name="Seventy">{{SD|2d}}, "Night 70"</ref>

Many days after they passed Ireland the voyagers were exhausted. A "dreamlike death" seemed to come over them, and soon they passed out. The last that is known of the journey is that Tréowine saw the world plunge down under them, while sailing the [[Straight Road]]. Later, Ælfwine found himself stranded on the beaches of [[Tol Eressëa]] where the [[Elves]] told him the stories of [[Valinor]] and [[Beleriand]], and Lowdham received also the visions of [[Númenor]] before and during its fall.<ref name="Seventy"/>

At the end it is implied that Lowdham (as well as Ælfwine) was a descendant of [[Elendil]] himself, and that was the reason of his [[Atlantis-haunting|vivid dreams concerning Númenor and its downfall]].<ref name="Seventy"/> From Lowdham comes, also, the greatest source of the information on the Adûnaic language.<ref>{{SD|3vi}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name ''Alwin'' is a modernized version of the [[Old English]] name ''Ælfwine'', and its meaning is ''"[[Elf-friend]]"''<ref name="Edwin"/> (which is also the meaning of the name ''Elendil''). For ''Arundel'' see [[Eärendil#Names and Etymology]].

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| ELE | |ELE=[[Elendil]] ''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}}}
{{familytree| |:| | |}}
{{familytree| |:| | |}}
{{familytree| OSW | |OSW=[[Oswin Lowdham]] ''b. late [[wikipedia:19th century|19th century]]''}}
{{familytree| |!| | |}}
{{familytree| EDW | |EDW=[[Edwin Lowdham]] ''b. c. [[1889]]''}}
{{familytree| |!| | |}}
{{familytree| ALW | |ALW='''ALWIN ARUNDEL LOWDHAM''' ''b. [[1938]]''}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Inspiration ==
[[Hugo Dyson]], a member of the [[Inklings]], was alike to the character of Lowdham, in that he was loud and tended to make jokes at inappropriate times, but in other aspects he was the antithesis of Dyson, namely in his learning and interests.<ref>{{SD|2a}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Ælfwine]]
* [[Eärendil]]

{{references|notes}}
{{notionclub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lowdham, Alwin Arundel}}
[[Category:Characters from the later Ages]]
[[Category:Chroniclers of Arda]]
[[Category:English people (in-universe)]]
[[Category:The Notion Club Papers]]

Wilcome Cotton I

2024-08-23T09:56:52Z

Alistair Bot: /* Etymology */ Automated clean up

{{disambig-two|the son of [[Holman Cotton]]|son of [[Tolman Cotton Senior|Tolman Cotton]]|[[Wilcome Cotton II]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| name=Wilcome Cotton
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames="Will"
| titles=
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| location=[[Bywater]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1346}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
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| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Cotton Family|Cotton]]
| parentage=[[Holman Cotton]]
| siblings=[[Farmer Cotton|Tolman]]
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| gender=Male
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}}
'''Wilcome "Will" Cotton''' was a Hobbit of [[the Shire]].

==History==
Will was the youngest son of [[Holman Cotton]]. His brother [[Tolman Cotton Senior|Tom]] named his third child, [[Wilcome Cotton II|Wilcome]], after him.<ref>{{App|Gamgee}}</ref>

==Etymology==
From [[Old English]] ''willa'' "pleasure" + ''cuma'' "guest"; ''Wilcuma'' is a welcome guest.<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Cotton]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/chaumine/wilcome chaumine will]]

Wights

2024-08-23T09:56:46Z

Alistair Bot: /* Etymology */ Automated clean up

[[File:Liz Danforth - Wight.png|thumb|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Wight'']]

'''Wights''' was a name used for [[undead]] beings,<ref>{{RK|Company}}: "''And some said: 'They are Elvish wights. Let them go where they belong, into the dark places, and never return. The times are evil enough.<nowiki>'</nowiki>''"</ref> especially as a short form for the [[Barrow-wights]].<ref>{{FR|Barrow}}, ''passim''</ref>

==Etymology==

''wight'' is derived from [[Old English]] ''wiht'', meaning "living being, creature". The related [[wikipedia:Old Saxon|Old Saxon]] ''wiht'' means "thing, demon".<ref>Douglas Harper, "[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wight wight]" at [http://www.etymonline.com/ Online Etymology Dictionary] (accessed 30 December 2010); a curiosity is that the Swedish cognate ''vätte'' ("spirit of the earth, gnome") was used to translate the word "[[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|goblin]]" (cf. J.R.R. Tolkien, Britt G. Hallqvist (transl.), ''[[The Hobbit|Bilbo: en hobbits äventyr]]'')</ref> It has been suggested that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] had this later "''connection to the underworld in mind when he chose to refer to the grave-spirits of the Barrow-downs as 'wights'''".<ref>Mark Fisher, "[http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/b/barrowwights.html Barrow-wights: Evil spirits out of Angmar]" at [[Encyclopedia of Arda]] (accessed 30 December 2010)</ref>

Many works of fantasy fiction, role-playing games and computer and video games use the term ''wight'' as the name of spectral creatures very similar to Tolkien's Barrow-wights: [[Dungeons and Dragons]] has created a monster called "[[Wikipedia:Wight (Dungeons & Dragons)|Wight]]", a kind of undead, and the new terminology is also exemplified in the ''[http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Wights wights]'' of ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' series.<ref>Cf. "''Who has been beyond the wall of death to see? Only the '''wights, and we know what they are like. We know.''", [[George R. R. Martin]] (2005), ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' book IV, ''A Feast for Crows''</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[Image:Wights (LOTRO).jpg|thumb|''Wights'' in [[The Lord of the Rings Online|''LOTRO'']]]]
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: Wights inhabit the graves of Dúnedan nobles, taking their power from a buried lord. Gaming statistics are given for minor, lesser, and major Wights.<ref>{{ICE|2001}}, pp. 189, 251</ref>

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: Wights (not to be confused with the Barrow-wights appearing in the same game) are one of the three types of [[ghosts]]. Wights refer to cursed beings, who remain "''bound to the will and goals of the one who cursed them''" in their after-life. Unlike wraiths and phantoms, wights can possess the remains of other dead people.<ref>{{D|Fell}}, pp. 25-26</ref>

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
: Wights (crypt-wights) are categorized among the creatures called the Dead, "''designed to be reminiscent of the wights of the great Barrow-downs in Eriador''".<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/Monster:Wight Monster: Wight] at [http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/Lorebook_home Lord of the Rings Online: Lorebook] (accessed 31 December 2010)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Barrow-wights]]
==External links==
*{{WP|Wight}}
*[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wight#Noun Wight] at [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page Wiktionary]
{{references}}
[[Category:Undead]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]

Wídfara

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{{infobox character
| people=[[Rohirrim|Rohir]]
| name=Wídfara
| image=The Lord of the Rings Online - Wídfara.jpg
| caption=Wídfara in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Out-rider
| location=[[The Wold]], [[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Wídfara''' was a man of Rohan during the [[War of the Ring]].

==History==
His home was in [[the Wold]], the wild grasslands of [[Rohan]]'s northern border, and in these northern lands he had acquired a special weather-sense. He followed [[Théoden]] to [[Minas Tirith]] and it was he who first reported a change in the wind during the long ride, a change that augured the end of [[Sauron]]'s looming darkness.<ref>{{RK|V5}}</ref> He fought in the ensuing [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Widfara"</ref>

==Etymology==
''Wídfara'' is [[Old English]] for "far, wide traveller".

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2013: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Wídfara comes from the [[Wold]]. When a remote region of Wildermore stops sending messengers, [[Harding (rider of Rohan)|Harding]] sends a group of riders to check on them, including Wídfara. The group is ambushed and the few survivors are scattered. Wídfara's horse Windfoot is killed and he himself sustains a wound, after which he slowly makes it to the village of Scylfig on foot. There he is found by the party of the player, [[Gléowine]] and [[Horn (rider of Rohan)|Horn]].
:Wídfara later recovers from his wounds and returns to the [[Wold]] just in time to answer the muster of the Rohirrim. He rides with Harding's men to the summons and is met again by the player in the [[Drúadan Forest]]. He survives the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Widfara}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Wídfara]]
[[fi:Wídfara]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes du nord/rohirrim/widfara]]

Wi Kuki Kaa

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[[Image:Ghân-buri-Ghân (snapshot).jpg|frame|Wi Kuki Kaa as [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]]]]
'''Wi Kuki Kaa''' ([[16 December|December 16]], [[1938]] - [[19 February|February 19]], [[2006]]), a New Zealand actor, was originally chosen to play [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'', but his character did not make the shooting phase. He does, however, appear as Ghân on the [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game|Decipher card]] "[[LotR TCG: Ghân-buri-Ghân|Ghân-buri-Ghân]]".

==External links==

*{{WP|Wi Kuki Kaa}}

[[Category:Actors and actresses|Kaa, Wi Kuki]]
[[Category:New Zealand people|Kaa, Wi Kuki]]
[[Category:People by name|Kaa, Wi Kuki]]

Whitwell

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{{location infobox
| name=Whitwell
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| type=Settlement
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Whitwell''' was a settlement in [[the Shire]].
==History==
Whitwell was located on the [[Green Hill Country|Green Hills]], not far from [[Tuckborough]].<ref group="note">In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' the name of this town was attached to an unnamed village west of [[Tookbank]] and south of [[Waymeet]].</ref> [[Thain]] [[Paladin Took II]], had a farm there.<ref>{{RK|MT}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Whit'' is a shortening of "[[wikipedia:white|white]]", referring to the colour of the soil (presumably pertaining to [[wikipedia:chalk|chalk]] in the soil of the Green Hills).<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 779 (entry ''Whitfurrows'')</ref>

[[David Salo]] suggests that the name means "white spring", representing an [[Old English|Old Hobbitish]] ''Hwitwielle''.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c35b63ee6a6c41e9862d6|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]|accessed=26 April 2013}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Whitwell|Whitwell]] is a real-life English place-name.<ref name="Nomen"/>

{{references|note}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages of the Shire]]

[[de:Weißbrunn]]
[[fi:Valkkaivo]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes tours et forteresses:comte:blanche source]]

Whitfurrows

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{{location infobox
| name=Whitfurrows
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[Eastfarthing]], [[the Shire]]
| type=Village
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Whitfurrows''' was a village or small town that lay in the [[Eastfarthing]], on the [[East Road]] through [[the Shire]], approximately midway between [[Frogmorton]] (about ten miles to the west) and the [[Brandywine Bridge]] (a similar distance to the east). It lay at the western edge of the [[Bridgefields]] region of the [[Eastfarthing]].<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref>

Whitfurrows appear to have been a centre or staging-post of some kind for the [[Shirriffs]] during the [[War of the Ring]].{{fact}}

==Etymology==
[[David Salo]] suggests an etymology from possible [[Old English|Old Hobbitish]] ''Hwitfure'' meaning "white furrows".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c35b63ee6a6c41e9862d6|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]|accessed=26 April 2013}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages of the Shire]]

[[de:Weißfurchen]]
[[fi:Valkovakola]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes tours et forteresses:comte:blancs sillons]]

Whiteskins

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'''Whiteskins''' was a name among [[Orcs]] for the [[Riders of Rohan]],<ref>{{TT|III3}}</ref> whose far northern origins would have given them a much paler skin colour than the [[Men]] who lived around them.

{{references}}
[[Category:Rohirrim]]

White Tree of Gondor

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{{footnotes}}{{disambig-more|White Tree|[[White Tree (disambiguation)]]}}
{{plant infobox
| name=White Tree of Gondor
| image=Ted Nasmith - The White Tree.jpg
| caption="[[:File:Ted Nasmith - The White Tree.jpg|The White Tree]]" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=White Tree of Minas Tirith, White Tree of the Eldar
| location=[[Minas Ithil]], later [[Minas Tirith]]
| notablefor=
| family=Trees of [[Galathilion]]'s line
| appearance=A white tree with leaves dark on top and silver beneath; and clusters of white blossoms
| gallery=the White Tree of Gondor
}}
The '''White Tree of Gondor''' stood as a symbol of [[Gondor]] in the [[Court of the Fountain (Minas Tirith)|Court of the Fountain]] in [[Minas Tirith]]. Its predecessor was a seedling of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]], planted in [[Minas Ithil]], that was destroyed before the end of the [[Second Age]].

The White Tree also appears on the [[livery of the heirs of Elendil]], which was worn by the [[Guards of the Citadel]] of Minas Tirith,<ref>{{RK|MT}}, p. 753</ref> on the [[standard of Elendil]],<ref>{{RK|Company}}, p. 789</ref> and on the royal banner of Gondor.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}, p. 1052</ref>

== History ==
=== First White Tree ===
The first White Tree came from a fruit that [[Isildur]], at great personal risk, managed to steal from [[Nimloth (tree)|Nimloth]] the Fair, the White Tree of [[Númenor]], before that one was destroyed at [[Sauron]]'s insistence. He suffered many wounds during this mission, and he came near death, but when the first leaf opened in the spring, Isildur was healed.

This sapling was brought to [[Middle-earth]] on Isildur's ship, and it was eventually planted in [[Minas Ithil]] before his house. But when Sauron returned to Middle-earth, he launched a [[First Fall of Minas Ithil|sudden attack]] in {{SA|3429}} that captured Minas Ithil, and he burned the White Tree. Isildur escaped, taking with him again a sapling.<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref><ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

=== Second White Tree ===
In the year {{TA|2}}, Isildur planted the seedling of the White Tree in [[Minas Anor]] in memory of his brother, [[Anárion]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=B2/>

This White Tree lasted until {{TA|1636}}, when the [[Great Plague]] struck [[Gondor]], killing King [[Telemnar]] and his children among many others.<ref name=B2/>

=== Third White Tree ===
{{seealso|Dead Tree}}
A third sapling was planted in {{TA|1640}} by King [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]]. This tree died in {{TA|2872}} with the death of the [[Ruling Steward]] [[Belecthor II]].<ref name=B2>{{App|B2}}</ref><ref name=stew/>

Since no seedling was found, the tree was left standing after its death "until the King returns".<ref name=B2/><ref name=stew>{{App|Stewards}}</ref> When eventually replaced in {{TA|3019}}, it was laid in the [[Rath Dínen|Tombs of the Kings]] with royal honours.

=== Fourth White Tree ===
After [[Aragorn]] became king, he feared that he would not marry [[Arwen]] and found a dynasty, and he connected his unmarried state with the continued lack of a living White Tree. Then he discovered (with [[Gandalf]]'s help) a sapling of the White Tree in the high hallow upon the slopes of [[Mindolluin]], above Minas Tirith. This sapling he reverently planted in its place, and he took it as a sign that Arwen would arrive soon. In June of {{TA|3019}} the sapling bloomed.<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref><ref group=note>There is an inconsistency in dates: according to ''[[Appendix B]]'', Elessar found the sapling on [[June 25]]; however the chapter ''The Steward and the King'' states that "when the month of June entered in it was laden with blossom", implying here that Aragorn planted the sapling ''before'' June began.</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | |TEL| | | | | LAU=[[Laurelin]]|TEL=[[Telperion]] Destroyed by [[Morgoth]] and [[Ungoliant]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |GAL| | | | | GAL=[[Galathilion]] on [[Túna]] Made in the image of Telperion}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |CEL| | | CEL=[[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]] of [[Tol Eressëa]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |NIM| | | NIM=[[Nimloth (tree)|Nimloth]] of [[Númenor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G1| | | | |G1=[[#First White Tree|First Tree of Gondor]] ([[Minas Ithil]]) {{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3429|n}} (planted by [[Isildur]])}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G2| | | | |G2=[[#Second White Tree|Second Tree of Gondor]] ([[Minas Anor]]) {{TA|2}} - {{TA|1636|n}} (planted by Isildur) }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G3 | | | | |G3=[[#Third White Tree|Third Tree of Gondor]] ([[Minas Tirith]]) {{TA|1640}} - {{TA|2872|n}} (planted by [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]]) }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G4 | | | | |G4=[[#Fourth White Tree|Fourth Tree of Gondor]] (Minas Tirith) Since {{TA|3019}} (planted by [[Aragorn|Elessar]])}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Inspiration==
The White Tree has been compared to the medieval legend of the [[Wikipedia:Dry Tree|Dry Tree]].<ref>[[John Garth]], ''[[The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' ([[2020]]), Frances Lincoln Publishers & Princeton University Press, p. 41</ref>
{{references|note}}
[[Category:Devices and symbols]]
[[Category:Trees]]

[[fr:encyclo/biologie/flore/arbre blanc du gondor]]

White Tree (disambiguation)

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The '''White Tree''' can refer to any of these trees:
* [[Telperion]], the White Tree of [[Valinor]], one of the [[Two Trees of Valinor]].
* [[Galathilion]], The White Tree of [[Tirion]].
* [[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]], the White Tree of [[Tol Eressëa]].
* [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]], the White Tree of [[Númenor]].
* '''The [[White Tree of Gondor]], four different seedlings.'''

* It can also refer to [[The White Tree Fund]], a charitable organisation.
==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | |TEL| | | | | LAU=[[Laurelin]]|TEL=[[Telperion]] destroyed}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |GAL| | | | | GAL=[[Galathilion]] Made in the image of Telperion}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |CEL| | | CEL=[[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |NIM| | | NIM=[[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G1| | | | |G1=First tree of Gondor ([[Minas Ithil]])}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G2| | | | |G2=Second tree of Gondor ([[Minas Anor]]) }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G3 | | | | |G3=Third tree of Gondor ([[Minas Tirith]]) }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G4 | | | | |G4=Fourth tree of Gondor (Minas Tirith)}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{disambig}}
[[de:Weißer Baum]]
[[fr:encyclo/biologie/flore/arbre blanc]]
[[fi:Valkoinen Puu]]

White Ship

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[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Departure at the Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Departure at the Grey Havens'']]
{{quote|In the twilight of autumn it sailed out of Mithlond, until the seas of the [[Bent World]] fell away beneath it…|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]}}

The '''White Ship''' was the ship that sailed from the [[Grey Havens]] into the [[Aman|Uttermost West]], carrying the [[Ring-bearers]] to Aman. Its departure on [[29 September]] {{TA|3021}} marked the end of the [[Third Age]].<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref> Along with [[Frodo Baggins]] the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]] the [[Ring-finder]] the ship also carried [[Elrond]], [[Galadriel]], and [[Gandalf]], who had been the [[Keepers of the Three Rings]]. They were accompanied to the Grey Havens by [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] and many other Elves besides, but whether any of these others went aboard the ship with them is not told.<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> It does seem, though, that Gandalf's horse [[Shadowfax]] did make the journey for he was waiting at the quayside.<ref>{{L|268}}</ref> The White Ship was one of the last ships to have set sail from the Grey Havens.
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:In the film, Frodo's narration claims that the White Ship is "the last ship to leave Middle-earth," despite it being separate from the later [[Last Ship]] in the book.

==See also==
*[[Last Ship]]

{{References}}
[[Category:Ships]]

White Dwarf

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Alistair Bot: /* Issues, selected */ Automated clean up

[[File:White Dwarf 365.png|thumb|Cover of ''White Dwarf'' #365, 2010]]
'''''White Dwarf''''' (founded [[1977]]) is a game magazine published by [[Games Workshop]].

==History==
Various issues of ''White Dwarf'' have material related to game adaptations of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[Middle-earth]]: during the 1980s many issues included articles about both role-playing game settings and miniature war games.<ref name=Citadel>[http://realmofzhu.blogspot.com/2010/05/1980s-citadel-lord-of-rings-white-dwarf.html 1980s Citadel Lord of the Rings/White Dwarf Index] at [http://realmofzhu.blogspot.com/ Realm of Zhu] (accessed 18 September 2011)</ref> After releasing ''The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game'' in [[2001]], each issue of ''White Dwarf'' featured a special section about this line of miniature war game (apparently dropping this regular section during the latter half of [[2010]]).<ref name=GW>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/armySubUnitCats.jsp?catId=cat1290179&rootCatGameStyle= White Dwarf] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop.com] (accessed 17 September 2011)</ref> Similarly, ''White Dwarf'' has introduced a new regular feature with the introduction of ''[[The Hobbit Strategy Battle Game]]'' in [[2012]].

==Issues, selected==
[[File:Where and back.png|thumb|right|Article from ''White Dwarf'' #79, 1986]]
*[[1983]]: ''White Dwarf'' #38
**"Khazad Dûm" by Lewis Pulsipher (adventure in Moria for [[Dungeons and Dragons|AD&D]])<ref name=Other/><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=4577 Khazad Dûm] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
**[Moria illustrations by John Blanche]<ref>[http://realmofzhu.blogspot.com/2010/07/giant-shadows-john-blanche-in-moria.html Giant Shadows: John Blanche in Moria] at [http://realmofzhu.blogspot.com/ Realm of Zhu] (accessed 18 September 2011)</ref>
*[[1985]]: ''White Dwarf'' #64 (April)
**Outline Drawing (Advert)<ref name=Citadel/>
**"The Dawn of Unlight" by Graham Staplehurst (scenario for [[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]])<ref name=Other/><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=8053 The Dawn of Unlight] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
*[[1985]]: ''White Dwarf'' #65 (May)
**"The Noegyth Nibin" by Steven Prizeman<ref name=Other/><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=3646 The Noegyth Nibin] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
*[[1985]]: ''White Dwarf'' #66 (June)
**"The Road Goes Ever On: Inside Middle-earth Role Playing"<ref name=Other/><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=9007 Review: The Road Goes Ever On] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
**Gandalf on Shadowfax (P. Benson)<ref name=Citadel/>
**Rohirrim on Mount (Peter Prowl)<ref name=Citadel/>
**Barrow Wights (Bill Sprint)<ref name=Citadel/>
*[[1985]]: ''White Dwarf'' #67 (July)
**Sauron on throne<ref name=Citadel/>
**Black and white photo<ref name=Citadel/>
*[[1985]]: ''White Dwarf'' #68 (August)
**Frodo on pony (Lindsey le Doux Paton)<ref name=Citadel/>
*[[1985]]: ''White Dwarf'' #69 (September)
**Gandalf (Stuart Parkinson)<ref name=Citadel/>
*[[1985]]: ''White Dwarf'' #70 (October)
**Orc (John Blanche)<ref name=Citadel/>
*[[1985]]: ''White Dwarf'' #72 (December)
**Fellowship of the Ring Box Set Advert<ref name=Citadel/><ref name=FR>[http://realmofzhu.blogspot.com/2010/07/fellowship-of-ring-box-set-advert-white.html Fellowship of the Ring Box Set Advert] at [http://realmofzhu.blogspot.com/ Realm of Zhu] (accessed 18 September 2011)</ref>
*[[1986]]: ''White Dwarf'' #73 (January)
**Noldor Deep Elf (Pete Prow)<ref name=Citadel/><ref>[http://realmofzhu.blogspot.com/2010/07/lord-of-rings-minis-from-white-dwarf-73.html Lord of the Rings Miniatures from White Dwarf] at [http://realmofzhu.blogspot.com/ Realm of Zhu] (accessed 18 September 2011)</ref>
**"Star Spray" by Graham Staplehurst (adventure for [[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]])<ref name=Other/><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=9720 Star Spray] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
*[[1986]]: ''White Dwarf'' #77 (May)
**"A Secret Wish" by Graham Staplehurst (adventure for [[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]])<ref name=Other/><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=5304 A Secret Wish] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
*[[1986]]: ''White Dwarf'' #79 (July)
**"Where and Back Again?" [by Graham Staplehurst; article on Middle-earth role-playing]<ref name=FR/>
**Uruk-Hai (converted by Kevin Adams)<ref name=Citadel/>
*[[1986]]: ''White Dwarf'' #80 (August)
**"Up & Coming: A Look at Levels in MERP" by Martin Veart (about the system of levels in MERP)<ref name=Other/><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=3776 Up & Coming] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
*[[1986]]: ''White Dwarf'' #81 (September)
**Gandalf and Sauron (Colin Dixon)<ref name=Citadel/>
*[[1987]]: ''White Dwarf'' #87 (March)
**"Taurëfantô" by Graham Staplehurst (adventure for [[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]])<ref name=Other/><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=8073 Taurëfantô] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
*[[1987]]: ''White Dwarf'' #88 (April)
**Balrog Box Set Advert<ref name=Citadel/>
*[[1987]]: ''White Dwarf'' #93 (September)
**"Letters From a Foreign Land" by Graham Staplehurst (setting: Calenardhon; rules for [[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]])<ref name=Other>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080820125407/http://www.invasivedesigns.com/otherhands/frames_archive.html Other Hands Archive: Other hard-copy publications], dated 11 September 2007, at [http://wayback.archive.org/web/20070715000000*/http://otherhands.com Wayback: OtherHands.com] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref><ref>[http://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?articleid=8300 Letters From a Foreign Land] at [http://index.rpg.net/ Index.Rpg.net] (accessed 29 November 2011)</ref>
*[[1988]]: ''White Dwarf'' #100 (April)
**Uruk Hai (Advert)<ref name=Citadel/>
*ca. [[2001]]-[[2010]]: ''White Dwarf'', various issues
**''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'' regular feature
* [[2013]]-, various issues
**''[[The Hobbit Strategy Battle Game]]'' regular feature

==External links==
*{{WP|White Dwarf (magazine)}}
{{References}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

White-socks

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{{infobox character
| people = [[Ponies|Pony]]
| image=
| name=White-socks
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Crickhollow]]
| affiliation=[[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| race=[[Ponies|Pony]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''White-socks''' was a [[Ponies|pony]] belonging to [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]].

==History==
White-socks was one of five ponies that Merry had ready for the Hobbits' journey at [[Crickhollow]]. At the home of [[Tom Bombadil]], the ponies became friends with [[Fatty Lumpkin]], a pony of Tom's. At the [[Barrow-downs]] they became so frightened that they ran off to find Fatty. Tom called them all back with the names he had given them: [[Sharp-ears]], [[Bumpkin]], [[Wise-nose]], [[Swish-tail]], and White-socks. Eventually they all returned with all the bagge, and went back on their journey with the Hobbits.<ref>{{FR|Bombadil}}</ref>

During their stay at the ''[[Prancing Pony]]'' the Hobbits' ponies were let out to delay their departure from [[Bree]].<ref>{{FR|Strider}}</ref> They ran out in the Downs to find Fatty. They stayed with Tom for a while, until he had heard news of the events at Bree. He sent the ponies to [[Barliman Butterbur]], and they stayed there working for Barliman, they were taken well cared for by [[Bob]].<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Horses]]

[[de:Weißstrumpf]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/animaux/chevaux/paturons blancs]]
[[fi:Valkosukka]]

Where is the Horse and the Rider?

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{{song
| title="Where Is the Horse and the Rider?"
| album=[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers - The Complete Recordings]]
| composer=[[Howard Shore]]
| performer=[[Wikipedia:London Philharmonic Orchestra|London Philharmonic Orchestra]]
| image=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_-_The_Two_Towers_-_The_Complete_Recordings.jpg
| duration=6:15
| track=Disc 3 Track 3
| previous=[[War is Upon Us]]
| next=[[The Host of the Eldar (soundtrack)|The Host of the Eldar]]
| spotify=https://open.spotify.com/track/48b7rw6ibqzJ0Waw7yJ5Sr
}}
'''Where is the Horse and the Rider?''' is the third track of disc three of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers - The Complete Recordings]]'' by [[Howard Shore]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:3.03}}
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers - The Complete Recordings]]

Where There's a Whip, There's a Way

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'''Where There's a Whip, There's a Way''' is a song, written by [[Glenn Yarbrough]] for the [[1980]] [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|animated movie ''The Return of the King'']]. The title is a pun on the proverb "Where there's a will, there's a way" and the [[Orc-drivers|orc-driver's]] comment "Where there's a whip, there's a will".<ref>{{RK|Shadow}}</ref> The tune and tone are very similar to ''[[Down, Down, To Goblin Town]]'', which had appeared in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]].

The song is sung during the trip [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] make through [[Mordor]].

==Lyrics==
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
Where there's a whip, there's a way.
Where there's a whip, there's a way.
Where there's a whip...''[continues in second voice]''

We don't wanna go to war today
But the [[Orc-drivers|Lord of the Lash]] says: "nay, nay, nay!"
We're gonna march all day, all day, all day!
Where there's a whip there's a way!

Where there's a whip, there's a way!
Where there's a whip, there's a way!
Where there's a whip, there's a way!
Left, right, left, right, left
Where there's a whip, there's a way!
Left, right

The crack on the back says we're gonna fight
We're gonna march all day and night and more
For we are the slaves of the Dark Lord's war.
Left, right, left, right, left, right

Where there's a whip, there's a way!
Where there's a whip, there's a way.
Where there's a whip...''[continues in second voice]''

We don't wanna go to war today!
But the Lord of the Lash says: "nay, nay, nay!"
We're gonna march all day, all day, all day!
Where there's a whip there's a way!
Left, right, left right!

''[scene of Frodo and Sam]''

Where there's a whip!
We don't wanna go to war today!
But the Lord of the Lash says: "nay, nay, nay!"
We're gonna march all day, all day, all day!
Where there's a whip there's a way!

</poem>

==Covers==
* World Without Sundays recorded a more electronic/rock version for the DVD, [[Ringers: Lord of the Fans]].
* Clamavi De Profundis released a more orchestral cover on YouTube.

==External links==
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdXQJS3Yv0Y Clip from the movie at YouTube]

[[Category:The Return of the King (1980 film) soundtrack]]

{{references}}

When evening in the Shire was grey

2024-08-23T09:54:48Z

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'''''When evening in the Shire was grey''''' is a poem, recited by [[Frodo Baggins]] in [[Lothlórien]] in {{TA|3019}}. It is a lament for [[Gandalf]], who had fallen in [[Moria]].<ref>{{FR|II7}}</ref>

==Poem==
<poem>
''When evening in [[the Shire]] was grey
''his footsteps on [[the Hill]] were heard;
''before the dawn he went away
''on journey long without a word.

''From [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]] to Western shore,
''from northern waste to southern hill,
''through [[Smaug|dragon-lair]] and [[Lonely Mountain|hidden door]]
''and [[Mirkwood|darkling woods]] he walked at will.

''With [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] and [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], [[Elves]] and [[Men]],
''with mortal and [[Maiar|immortal folk]],
''with [[Great Eagles|bird]] on bough and [[Beorn|beast]] in den,
''in their own secret tongues he spoke.

''A deadly [[Glamdring|sword]], a healing hand,
''a back that bent beneath his load;
''a trumpet-voice, a burning brand,
''a weary [[mithrandir|pilgrim]] on the road.

''A lord of wisdom throned he sat,
''swift in anger, quick to laugh;
''an old man in a battered hat
''who leaned upon a thorny staff.

''He stood upon the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm|bridge]] alone
''and [[Durin's Bane|Fire and Shadow]] both defied;
''his staff was broken on the stone,
''in [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] his wisdom died.''</poem>

:Upon hearing this poem, [[Samwise Gamgee]] suggested another stanza:

<poem>
''The finest rockets ever seen:
''they burst in stars of blue and green,
''or after thunder golden showers
''came falling like a rain of flowers.''</poem>

==See also==
*[[Poems in The Lord of the Rings|Poems in ''The Lord of the Rings'']]

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmkZonLdMZw Rendition with original music written by Franco Ezequiel Páez]
{{references}}
[[Category:Poems in The Fellowship of the Ring]]

When Sorrow Sang

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{{Song
| title = When Sorrow Sang
| album = [[Nightfall in Middle-Earth]]
| image = Blind guardian nightfall cover.jpg
| composer = Hansi Kürsch, André Olbrich
| writer = Hansi Kürsch
| performer = [[Blind Guardian]]
| duration = 4:25
| track = 18
| previous = [[Nom the Wise]]
| next = [[Out on the Water]]
| spotify = https://open.spotify.com/track/5xsWQtMlqA29GHcxEdJqx3
}}

'''When Sorrow Sang''' is the eighteenth track of [[Blind Guardian]]'s Tolkien themed album, [[Nightfall in Middle-Earth]].

==Lyrics==
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">So let me out of it
Out of the cold
To bring back light and hope for all

And so if I could get you in
Just for a little while
Into the songs of sorrow
You might understand

Where am I now
Beyond the dawn
(Where) hope's turned to dust
At all

Immortal love's
Fooled by the hands of doom
That love means death
I realized too soon

Caught in the afterlife
I've gone too far
When sorrow sang softly and sweet
The air was filled with tears
Full of sadness and grief
When sorrow sang softly and sweet

I feel like screaming
But I can't breath in
Shall I wane right now
I will not leave this
World of living
Till she has said
Goodbye

Out in the cold
I still wait for her call
And her last kiss
It shall be release
I can't forget her
Her face will not leave
From the depths of my soul
I long for her

So I heard all about it
Her voice's so clear
She's woven both themes in there
Moved me to tears
The world shall hear this sad song
Song of sorrow song of grief
Can't change the way of his kind
Can't change the way of her kind
</poem>
[[Category:Songs by Blind Guardian]]

Westwood

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When [[Smith Smithson]], the title character of the story ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]'', became a smith (following his father) it was said that he was the best between [[Far Easton]] and the '''Westwood'''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''</ref>
{{References}}
[[Category:Smith of Wootton Major]]

Westmarch

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{{disambig-more|Westmarch|[[Westmarch (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=
| name=Westmarch
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Western [[Eriador]], between the [[Far Downs]] and the [[Tower Hills]]
| capital=[[Undertowers]]
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Hobbits]]
| language=[[Hobbitish]]
| govern1=[[Warden of Westmarch]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Gifted to [[the Shire]]
| event1date={{FoA|31}}
| event2=
| event2date=
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
The '''Westmarch''' of [[the Shire]] was land that lay between the [[Far Downs]] and the [[Tower Hills]] in [[Eriador]], west of and originally outside of the Shire. The only known town in this new district was [[Undertowers]].<ref name="Later">{{App|Later}}</ref>

==History==
In {{SR|1452}}, the Westmarch was given to the [[Shire-hobbits]] as a gift from [[Aragorn|King Elessar]].<ref name="Later"/>

At the request of Mayor [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Thain]] [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin I]] made [[Fastred of Greenholm]] the first [[Warden of Westmarch]] in {{SR|1462}}. Fastred and [[Elanor Gardner]] moved to [[Undertowers]]; many other hobbits migrated to the Westmarch.<ref name="Later"/>

The Warden kept the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] as an heirloom of the [[Fairbairn Family]]. It was long preserved at Undertowers and was the most important source for the history of the [[War of the Ring]].<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref>
{{References}}
[[Category:Regions of the Shire]]
[[de:Westmark]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/comte/marche-de-l ouest]]
[[fi:Länsikaira]]

Westfold Vale

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The '''Westfold Vale''' was a valley in the [[Westfold]] of [[Rohan]] through which ran the [[Deeping-stream]] out from the [[Deeping-coomb]]. It was also the home of [[Erkenbrand]].<ref>{{TT|III7}}</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Rohan]][[Category:Valleys]]

Westernesse

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'''Westernesse''' was a name in the [[Westron|Common Speech]] for the [[Númenor|Isle of Númenor]].
==Etymology==
The ending ''-ess'' (also in [[Elvenesse]]) was used in romance literature for fictional lands that had partly francized names (as in [[wikipedia:Lyonesse|Lyonesse]] in [[wikipedia:Matter of Britain|Arthurian legends]]).<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, pp. 778-9</ref>

[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted that the name is Middle English, rare and of vague meaning, taken to mean "Western lands" (in contrast to the [[East]]).<ref>{{L|276}}</ref>
==Inspiration==
In the 13th century chivalric romance ''[[Wikipedia:King Horn|King Horn]]'', [[Wikipedia:Westernesse|Westernesse]] is a kingdom ruled by "King Ailmar" and it is reached by ship by Horn.<ref name="Nomen"/>
{{references}}
[[Category:Númenor]]

[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/iles/anadune]]

Westemnet

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The '''Westemnet''' was the western plains of [[Rohan]]<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Westemnet'', p. 370</ref> west of the river [[Entwash]].<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Eastemnet'', p. 365</ref> It probably extended to the river [[Isen]].<ref>{{TT|Riders}}, "There is battle even now upon the Westemnet", p. 437</ref>

The most important of Rohan's settlements and fortifications lay to the south of the Westemnet, where the [[White Mountains]] rose up from the plain. [[Helm's Deep]] was among these, and to the south-east was the seat of the [[Kings of Rohan|Lords of the Mark]], [[Edoras]] itself.

==Etymology==
''Emnet'' means "plain" in [[Rohanese]].<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, entry '''Westemnet''', p. 778 and entry '''Eastemnet''', p. 769</ref>

==See also==
*[[Eastemnet]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Regions of Rohan]]
[[de:Westemnet]]
[[fi:Länsi-Emnet]]

West Beleriand

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[[File:Christopher Tolkien - Map of Beleriand 2.jpg|thumb|right|''Map of Beleriand'' by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]
'''West Beleriand''' covered the lands of [[Beleriand]] to the west of the River [[Sirion]]; they were for the most part under the lordship of [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] in [[Nargothrond]], and [[Círdan]] the Shipwright in the [[Falas]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref>

==Geography==
West Beleriand was the region of Beleriand facing [[Belegaer]] to the west with the coast of [[Falas]] and the havens of [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] and the seaward tower of [[Barad Nimras]]. To the north the [[Ered Wethrin]] separated [[Hithlum]] and [[Nevrast]] from the rest of Beleriand. The forested strip of [[Nivrim]] was in West Beleriand, separated from the rest of [[Doriath]] by Sirion. To the south, [[Nan Tathren]] was the small forested area between Narog and Sirion. Further south, the land of [[Arvernien]] with the forest of [[Nimbrethil]] formed the [[Bay of Balar]], ending to the [[Cape Balar]].

Rivers included [[Brithon]] and [[Nenning]] and the tributaries to Sirion, [[Narog]] (with [[Ginglith]] and [[Ringwil]]) and [[Taeglin]] (with [[Malduin]] and other minor rivers). Between Ginglith and Narog was the field of [[Tumhalad]]. The [[Ravines of Taeglin]] surrounded the [[Forest of Brethil]].

Between Narog and Sirion lay [[Talath Dirnen]], a part of the Realm of Nargothrond with the hill of [[Amon Rûdh]]. To that realm also belonged [[Taur-en-Faroth]] to the west of Narog.<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref>

At its widest this region was ninety-nine leagues across.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 272</ref>

==See also==
*[[East Beleriand]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[fi:Länsi-Beleriand]]

West (disambiguation)

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{{quote|So we always do, we look towards Númenor that was, and beyond to Elvenhome that is, and to that which is beyond Elvenhome and will ever be.|[[Standing Silence]] in ''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[The Window on the West]]"}}

'''West''' is a relative term in [[Arda]], usually associated with the sunset. It was known in [[Sindarin]] as ''[[annûn]]'' or ''[[dûn]]'', in [[Quenya]] as ''[[andúnë]]'' or ''[[númen]]'', and in [[Adûnaic]] as ''[[adûn]]''.

In an abstract sense, "the West" was honored as the home of the [[Valar]] and the [[Eldar]], and the legacy of [[Númenor]]. Politically, it encompassed the [[Free peoples|realms and peoples]] of the [[Westlands]] who belonged to the cultural sphere of the [[Elves]] and the [[Dúnedain]],<ref>Cf. {{PM|Atani}}: "friendliness towards the West (to Elves and to Númenoreans)"</ref> and were allied to them against [[Sauron]].

''West'' may refer to:
==Arda==
===Location===
* '''The [[Uttermost West]] or Far West, [[Aman]]. There, the [[Valar]] dwell, and the Elves go when they "sail West".'''
* [[Beleriand]], the most western land east of Belegaer. Elves who dwelt here were occasionally known as [[Dúnedhil]], West-elves, to distinguish them from the [[Avari]].
* The West, or [[Númenor|Westernesse]], lies in Belegaer, to the West of [[Middle-earth]]. The [[Dúnedain]], or Men of the West, take their name after this sense.
* '''After the drowning of both Beleriand and Númenor, "the West" generally referred to the north-western portions of [[Middle-earth]], or [[Westlands]], specifically [[Eriador]]; or at least [[Free peoples|those who opposed Sauron]].'''

:''Also:''
*[[West Beleriand]], lands to the west of the [[Sirion]].
* The [[Westfarthing]], the western quarter of [[The Shire]] which included [[Hobbiton]], [[Michel Delving]] and [[Tuckborough]].
* The [[West-gate of Bree]], one of the entrances to [[Bree-land]].
* The [[Westmarch]], an area added to [[the Shire]] in {{SR|1452}}.
* The [[West-mark]], the western half of [[Rohan]].
===Titles===
* [[Captains of the West]], the main command in the [[War of the Ring]].
* Flame of the West, the translation of [[Andúril]].
* [[King of the West]], [[Aragorn|Elessar]]
* [[Valar|Lords of the West]], the [[Valar]].
* [[Mighty of the West]], [[Tuor]].

==Real World==
* ''[[Into the West]]'', an Oscar winning song by [[Annie Lennox]].
* [[Lockwood West]], actor.
* [[Richard C. West]], author and scholar.
* [[John Westbrook]], actor.
{{References}}
{{disambig}}

Wellinghall

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[[File:Ted Nasmith - Wellinghall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Wellinghall'']]
'''Wellinghall''' was one of the [[Ent-houses]] of [[Treebeard]], formed by a narrow space in the flanks of [[Methedras]], guarded and flanked by evergreen trees. The roofless 'hall' came to an end in a sheer rock wall, down which flowed a stream welling - hence the name 'Wellinghall' - from the springs of the River [[Entwash]]. The stream flowed down the rocky cliff, and fell across the arched entrance to an inner hall, where [[Treebeard]] kept his meagre furniture. From there, it flowed between the trees that lined the main space, and on to join again with the main flow of the Entwash.

Wellinghall is best known as the place where [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] stayed with Treebeard on the night before [[Entmoot]], on [[29 February]] {{TA|3019}}.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> It was here that they were first given [[Ent-draughts]] by Treebeard, and so grew to become the two tallest [[Hobbits]] recorded in the histories of [[the Shire]].<ref>{{TT|III4}}</ref>
[[File:Angus McBride - Wellinghall.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Wellinghall'']]

==Etymology==
[[Treebeard]]'s translation (into the [[Westron|Common Speech]]) for part of the name of his dwelling. It meant "hall (under or behind) the outflow of the spring of Entwash".<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 778</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: Wellinghall is the house to which Treebeard most often brings non-Entish visitors. A detailed layout and topography of Wellinghall is provided.<ref>{{ICE|3500}}</ref>

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Wellinghall.jpg|thumb|right|Wellinghall in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
:At the site Wellinghall, evil players will face attacks by Awakened Plants.

'''2013: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'''''
:First visited in a flashback narrated by [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]], Wellinghall sits empty during the present day after Treebeard had gone to [[Isengard]].

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Buildings]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[de:Quellhall]]
[[fi:Lähteensali]]

Wedmath

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{{shiremonths}}
'''Wedmath''' is the eighth month of the [[Shire Calendar]], following [[Afterlithe]] and approximately corresponding to modern [[24 July]] through [[22 August]].<ref>{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name represents a [[Hobbitish|modernization]] of the [[Old English]] name for August, ''[[wiktionary:weodmonaþ|Wéodmónaþ]]'', meaning "grass-month" (cf. ''weed'').<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.forodrim.org/daeron/md_smn.html|articlename=The Shire month-names|author=[[Arden R. Smith]]|website=[http://www.forodrim.org/daeron Mellonath Daeron - The Language Guild of the Forodrim]}}</ref><ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.) ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', Giving of Names, p. 227</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbit Calendar]]

[[de:Auenland-Kalender#Monate]]
[[fr:langues/langues humaines/hobbitique/noms mois comte]]
[[fi:Wedmath]]

Weathertop (soundtrack)

2024-08-23T09:52:07Z

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{{Disambig-more|Weathertop|[[Weathertop (disambiguation)]]}}
{{song
| title=Weathertop
| album=[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - The Complete Recordings]]
| composer=[[Howard Shore]]
| performer=[[Wikipedia:London Philharmonic Orchestra|London Philharmonic Orchestra]]
| image=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_-_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring_-_The_Complete_Recordings.jpg
| duration=2:14
| track=Disc 2 Track 1
| previous=[[The Nazgûl]]
| next=[[The Caverns of Isengard]]
| spotify=https://open.spotify.com/track/5IHpHBugLoWXDyoOEkfdWU
}}
'''Weathertop''' is the first track of disc two of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - The Complete Recordings]]'' by [[Howard Shore]].

==Lyrics==
<poem>
[00:31] Bârî’n
[00:33] Katharâd
[00:36] îdô
[00:39] Nidir nê
[00:42] Nêpâm
[00:44] nêd abârat
[00:49] dir nê
[00:51] nâkham
[00:54] Nêbâ
[00:56] bîtham ma
[00:59] gâna
[01:02] nanê
[01:05] Nêtab
[01:07] dâur
</poem>
{{title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2.01}}
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - The Complete Recordings]]

Weathertop (journal)

2024-08-23T09:52:02Z

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{{Disambig-more|Weathertop|[[Weathertop (disambiguation)]]}}
{{journal
| name=Weathertop
| image = Weathertop 1 cover.jpg
| editor=[[Denis Bridoux]]
| illustrator=[[Kay Woollard]] (art editor)
| latest=Issue #5, [[1987]]
| website=
| publisher=Amon Sûl Smial
| date=Winter [[1984]]-[[1985|85]] to Autumn [[1987]]
| frequency=Quarterly
| format=
| pages=20-30 average
| issn=0950-3757
}}
'''''Weathertop''''' was the magazine of Amon Sûl Smial, affiliated to [[the Tolkien Society]]. Five issues were published before its editor moved on to ''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]''.

==History==
The idea of ''Weathertop'' came to [[Denis Bridoux]] and [[Kay Woollard]] (Dora Baggins), co-founders of Amon Sûl Smial, on the journey back from [[Oxonmoot 1984]]. In the early '80s, many smials started producing their own magazines, and neither were very impressed by the quality of what was on offer at the time.

From the beginning, Amon Sûl Smial had always attracted people with artistic leanings, and it still does. Producing a magazine would give them an opportunity to show what they could do and all the members were quite enthusiastic. For smial members, 'amateur' was definitely not synonymous with amateurish or poor quality. It was agreed that, if they were to produce a magazine themselves one day, it would have to look good, and to give equal importance to text and to artwork, which was done throughout the existence of the magazine.
[[File:Weathertop 3 Letter fragment.jpg|thumb|left|Feedback received from [[Pauline Baynes]]]]

Over a 3 year period, ''Weathertop'' was released around the time of [[Oxonmoot]] and/or the [[Tolkien Society]]'s Annual General Meeting. Among notable texts, it published an article by [[Rhona Beare]] (in ''Weathertop'' 2) and "''Belladonna by Belladonna''" by [[Vera Chapman]], (in ''Weathertop'' 3-5). The magazine received good feedback for as long as it ran.

Sadly the magazine ran only for 5 issues, as it prepared Denis Bridoux to propose editing ''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]'' when its then-editor, Jenny Curtis, expressed the desire to stop producing it. He took its editorship over from issues [[Mallorn 23|23]] to [[Mallorn 27|27]], until a change of job led him to pass it on himself.

==List of issues==
* Winter [[1984]]-[[1985|85]]: [[Weathertop 1|''Weathertop'' 1]]
* Spring [[1985]]: [[Weathertop 2|''Weathertop'' 2]]
* Autumn 1985: [[Weathertop 3|''Weathertop'' 3]]
* Autumn [[1986]]: [[Weathertop 4|''Weathertop'' 4]]
* Autumn [[1987]]: [[Weathertop 5|''Weathertop'' 5]]

==Presentation in first issue==
{{Blockquote|Weathertop is the magazine of Amon Sûl Smial and is published quaterly. It does not pose itself as a rival so Society magazines, but rather as a complement to them and a potential source for their material. Any copyright, whether of text or artwork resides solely with the contributors. However, by arrangement with the Editors, any article or artwork can be reproduced within the original magazines of the Tolkien Society and the York Shire Post, provided that their setting be not altered, ex.: Quoting a sentence or paragraph without reference to context, or abnormal reduction of artwork entailing a lowering of quality.}}

==External links==
*[https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wiwimod/index.php?page=WeathertopFanzine ''Weathertop'' at Tolkien Collector's Guide]
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Journals]]
[[Category:Weathertop (journal)| ]]

Category:Weapons

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Below is a list of '''weapons''' used in [[Arda]].

[[Category:Objects]]
[[Category:Military]]

[[fr:encyclo/categories/artefacts/armes]]

Wayne G. Hammond

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'''Wayne Gordon Hammond''' (born [[11 February]], [[1953]]) is a scholar known for his research and writings on the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honors as an English major at [[wikipedia:Baldwin–Wallace College|Baldwin-Wallace College]] in 1975 and Master of Arts in Library Science from the [[wikipedia:University of Michigan|University of Michigan]] in 1976. Since then he has been the Assistant Librarian of the Chapin Library of Rare Books at [[wikipedia:Williams College|Williams College]].

In 1994 Hammond married fellow Tolkien scholar [[Christina Scull]] and the two have since collaborated on several projects. He is a regular contributor to publications of the [[Mythopoeic Society]].

==Bibliography, selected==
===Books===
*[[1992]]: ''[[Tolkien Centenary Conference 1992]]'' (editor)
*[[1993]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography]]'' (with [[Douglas Anderson|Douglas A. Anderson]])
*[[1995]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator]]'' (with Christina Scull)
*[[1998]]: ''[[Roverandom]]'' (edited with Christina Scull)
*[[1999]]: ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham#50th Anniversary Edition|''Farmer Giles of Ham'' (50th Anniversary Edition)]]'' - (edited with Christina Scull)
*[[2005]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' (with Christina Scull)
*[[2006]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings 1954-2004|The Lord of the Rings 1954-2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder]]'' (edited with Christina Scull)
*[[2006]]: ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]'' (with Christina Scull)
*[[2011]]: ''[[The Art of The Hobbit]]'' (with Christina Scull)
*[[2014]]: [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil#Expanded edition|''The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book'' (expanded edition)'']] (with Christina Scull)
*[[2015]]: ''[[The Art of The Lord of the Rings|The Art of The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' (with Christina Scull)

===Articles===
*[[1986]]: [[Beyond Bree December 1986|''Beyond Bree'' December 1986]]
**"Attacks of Taste"
*[[1988]]: [[Amon Hen 94|''Amon Hen'' 94]]
**"Papermaking in the Shire"
*[[1989]]: [[Mallorn 26|''Mallorn'' 26]]
**"Books, Literature, and Literacy in Middle-Earth"
*[[1991]]: [[Mallorn 28|''Mallorn'' 28]]
**''[[C.S. Lewis: A Biography (1990 book)|C.S. Lewis: a Biography]]'' (review)
*[[1992]]: [[Mallorn 29|''Mallorn'' 29]]
**"Reflections on Tolkien Bibliography"
*[[1995]]: ''[[Proceedings of the J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference]]''
** "The Critical Response to Tolkien's Fiction"
*[[1995]]: [[SEVEN 12|''SEVEN: An Anglo-American Literary Review'', Volume 12]]
**Review Article: The History of Middle Earth (with Christina Scull)
*[[2000]]: ''Canadian C.S. Lewis Journal'', Spring 2000
**"Whose ''Lord of the Rings'' Is It, Anyway?"
*[[2002]]: [[The Best of Amon Hen|''The Best of Amon Hen'' Part 2]]
**"Papermaking in the Shire"
*[[2002]]: ''The Bark'', issue 18, Spring 2002, pp. 84–5 (with Christina Scull)
**"Tolkien's Dogs"
*[[2011]]: [[Amon Hen 231|''Amon Hen'' 231]]
**"The Great Gate Debate" (with [[Christina Scull]] and David Doerr)
*[[2018]]: ''[[Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth]]''
** "Tolkien's Visual Art" (with [[Christina Scull]])
*[[2022]]: ''[[The Great Tales Never End]]''
**"‘I Wisely Started with a Map’: J.R.R. Tolkien as Cartographer" (with [[Christina Scull]])
==Awards==
* [[1994]]: '''[[Mythopoeic Society|Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies]]''', [[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography]] (with the assistance of [[Douglas A. Anderson]])
* [[1996]]: '''[[Mythopoeic Society|Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies]]''', [[J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator]] (with [[Christina Scull]])
* [[2000]]: '''[[Mythopoeic Society|Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies]]''', [[Roverandom]] (co-editor with [[Christina Scull]])
* [[2006]]: '''[[Mythopoeic Society|Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies]]''', [[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]] (with [[Christina Scull]])
* [[2007]]: '''[[Mythopoeic Society|Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies]]''', [[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]] (with [[Christina Scull]])
* [[2016]]: '''[[Tolkien Society Awards|Tolkien Society Award]]: Best Book''', [[The Art of The Lord of the Rings]] (with [[Christina Scull]])
* [[2018]]: '''[[Tolkien Society Awards|Tolkien Society Award]]: Best Online Content''', ''Too Many Books and Never Enough'' (together with [[Christina Scull]])
* [[2020]]: '''[[Tolkien Society Awards|Tolkien Society Award]]: Outstanding Contribution''' (together with [[Christina Scull]])

==External links==
*[http://www.hammondandscull.com/ Official site of Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull]
*{{WP|Wayne G. Hammond}}

=== Interviews ===
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdBAwyYvUIU Interview with Hammond and Scull] on [[Tolkien Talk]] (June 13, 2021)
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2011/10/28/an-interview-with-wayne-hammond-and-christina-scull/ An Interview with Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull] by [[Michael Martinez]]
*[http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/Wayne_Hammond_Christina_Scull_Interview.php Interview with Hammond and Scull] at [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com Tolkien Library]
*[http://williamsrecord.com/2014/11/12/librarian-found-love-career-through-tolkien/ Interview with W. G. Hammond] at williamsrecord.com ([http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2014/12/26/love-career-tolkien/ full interview])

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hammond, Wayne G.}}
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Librarians]]
[[Category:People by name]]

[[de:Wayne G. Hammond]]
[[fi:Wayne G. Hammond]]

Wayne Che Yip

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[[File:Wayne Che Yip.jpg|thumb|200px|''Wayne Che Yip'' in 2021]]
'''Wayne Che Yip''' (born [[1981]]) is a British director. He directed four episodes of the first season of the''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power‎]]'', in addition of serving as executive producer.<ref>{{webcite|author=Cynthia Littleton |articleurl=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/lord-of-the-rings-amazon-wayne-che-yip-1234936829/|articlename=
‘Lord of the Rings’ Series Adds Director Wayne Che Yip as Co-Executive Producer
|dated=24 March 2021|website=Variety|accessed=21 August 2021}}</ref>

== External links ==
* {{WP|Wayne Yip}}
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3408764/ Wayne Yip] at [http://www.imdb.com IMDb]

{{references}}

[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Directors]]

Watchful Peace

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{{sources}}
The '''Watchful Peace''' was a relatively peaceful 4-century period during the [[Third Age]], from {{TA|2063}}, when [[Sauron]], then known as "the Necromancer", fled from [[Dol Guldur]] to hide himself from the [[Wise]] until his return in {{TA|2460|n}}.
==Background==
When [[Arnor]] reestablished relations with [[Gondor]], Kings [[Araphant]] and [[Ondoher]] realised that a single force was co-ordinating the attacks on both of their kingdoms and that they should work together to combat the evil. However it was already too late; the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] managed to overthrow [[Arthedain]], the last remnant of the Northern Kingdom of [[Arnor]].
Angmar was in turn destroyed by [[Host of the West (Arnor)|the forces of Gondor]] and the [[Elves]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref>

The [[Nazgûl]] gathered back in [[Mordor]] to prepare for Sauron's return;<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> they subsequently [[Second Fall of Minas Ithil|captured]] [[Minas Ithil]] in {{TA|2002}}, and [[Gondor]] suffered the end of the line of the [[Kings of Gondor]] with the loss of [[Eärnur]] in {{TA|2050}}. The [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] also suffered a major loss with the awakening of a [[Balrog]] and the subsequent evacuation of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], which caused many [[Galadhrim]] to seek to leave [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=gondor/><ref name=ta/> By {{TA|2060}} the shadow of Dol Guldur grew so much that [[the Wise]] realised that Sauron was returning there.<ref name=ta/>

[[File:John Howe - Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur'']]
But Sauron's plans were to change; in {{TA|2063}} [[Gandalf]] went there to investigate; the "Necromancer" fled to the [[East]].<ref name=ta/>

During his absence, the Nazgûl remained quiet in [[Minas Morgul]].<ref name=ta/> The Shadow on [[Mirkwood]] had lessened, but the [[Nazgûl]] had used this period to prepare for Sauron's return, who, in the meantime, was corrupting the [[Men]] of the East.

==History==
===Gondor===
The first ten [[Ruling Steward]]s had relative calm in which to renew their strength. These included [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]], [[Eradan]], [[Herion]], [[Belegorn]], [[Húrin I]], [[Túrin I]], [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]], [[Barahir (Steward of Gondor)|Barahir]], [[Dior (Steward of Gondor)|Dior]], and [[Denethor I]].

During the Peace Gondor strengthened its borders, keeping a watchful eye on the east, as [[Minas Morgul]] was still a threat on their flank and [[Mordor]] was still occupied with [[Orcs]]. But no major escalations occurred except for minor skirmishes with the [[Umbar|Haven of Umbar]].

During the Peace the garrisons of the forts of [[Calenardhon]] (which was depopulated during the [[Great Plague]]) were not renewed, and local chieftains (whose subjects were increasingly of mixed blood) gained more control.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

===Eriador===
After the fall of Angmar the [[Trolls]] of NE Eriador had fled to the east of the [[Misty Mountains]] and didn't trouble the area for some centuries.<ref name=NM>{{NM|P3xvii}}</ref>

The first seven [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]] ruled their people, the [[Rangers of the North]], during the Watchful Peace: [[Aranarth]], [[Arahael]], [[Aranuir]], [[Aravir]], [[Aragorn I]], [[Araglas]], and [[Arahad I]]. Even before the Peace ended, evil things such as [[wolves]] and [[Orcs]] secretly invaded or attacked Eriador.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

The [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] prospered and even expanded and appointed a [[Thain]] to take the role of the King, the first being [[Bucca]],<ref name=eriador/> and [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras I]] became the first [[Took]]ish Thain later; [[Buckland]] was first occupied by [[Oldbucks]] at this time.

===Longbeards===
At the beginning of the Watchful Peace, the [[Dwarves]] of [[Durin's Folk]] dwelt in both the [[Grey Mountains]] and in [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]. [[Thráin I]] made his abode at Erebor, but the majority of his people inhabited the Grey Mountains and his son [[Thorin I]] moved there as well.

He was followed as [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]] by [[Glóin (King of Durin's Folk)|Glóin]] and [[Óin (King of Durin's Folk)|Óin]].

===North===
The [[Éothéod]] dwelt in the north vales of [[Anduin]] during the Watchful Peace.

Further south, some [[Stoors]] inhabited the areas near the [[Gladden Fields]], having settled there some centuries ago to flee the shadow of [[Angmar]], and formed a matriarchal society.<ref name=eriador/><ref name=shadow>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref> [[Sméagol]] was born and spent his youth there toward the end of the Watchful Peace.<ref name=ta/><ref name=shadow/>

==End of the Peace==
A new race of Orcs was bred in Mordor, the [[Uruk-hai]].<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref> But Sauron was not idle in the east either: he created a strong alliance between the various tribes of [[Easterlings]], so that when he returned he was more powerful and had many [[Men]] in his service.{{fact}}

In {{TA|2460}}, Sauron returned with new strength. His return coincided with [[the One Ring]]'s discovery and Sméagol claiming it three years later. In c. {{TA|2480}} Orcs began to spread again in the Misty Mountains in order to block all passes into Eriador, whilst Sauron's creatures took Moria as their own. In the next years [[Ithilien]] and [[Osgiliath]] were devastated by the Uruk-hai.<ref name=ta/>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''
:[[Elrond]] mentions a "watchful peace" that as of {{TA|2941}} has lasted for "four hundred years", referring to the absence of Sauron. In the context of the movie (which is quite different than the canonical chronology), Sauron had been inactive between T.A. 2541 and 2941, when the Necromancer first emerges.
{{References}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Angmar War]]
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]
| dates={{TA|2063}} - {{TA|2460}}
| next=[[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Periods]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/3a/paix vigilante]]

Watcher in the Water

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{{infobox character
| people = Unknown
| name=Watcher in the Water
| image= John Howe - Watcher in the Water.jpg
| caption="Watcher in the Water" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=Lake of [[Sirannon]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=Taking [[Óin]]; attacking the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] at the [[Doors of Durin|Westgate]] of [[Moria]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| race=Unknown
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sinuous tentacles
| steed=
| gallery=the Watcher in the Water
}}

The '''Watcher in the Water''' was a horrific beast that lurked in a lake caused by the damming of the [[Sirannon]] river, beneath the western [[Walls of Moria]]. The full shape of the creature was unknown, but its visible parts were its tentacles, which were long, sinuous, pale-green, and luminous, with a fingered end.<ref name=Dark>{{FR|II4}}</ref>

== History ==
In {{TA|2989}} an [[Balin's folk|expedition]] led by [[Balin]] attempted to reclaim Moria. Their activity attracted the attention of [[Orcs]], who began to attack the [[Dwarves]]. In {{TA|2994|n}}<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> the Dwarves tried to escape from the mines but were stopped by the Watcher in the Water, who took [[Óin]].<ref name=Dark/>

On [[13 January]] {{TA|3019}}<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> the Watcher in the Water was disturbed when [[Boromir]] threw a stone into the dark waters. Moving towards the shore from the southern end, it attacked the Fellowship just as [[Gandalf]] managed to open the [[Doors of Durin]] to enter Moria. It grasped [[Frodo Baggins]] by his ankle and attempted to drag him by his foot into the water. [[Samwise Gamgee]] slashed at the tentacle holding Frodo, causing it to release him. The party retreated through the doorway, followed by several tentacles fingering the cliff-wall. The creature possessed great strength; after the escape of the Fellowship into Moria, the coiling arms hurled the enormous stone doors shut, and somehow uprooting the trees which grew on either side, barring the doors. When Frodo asked Gandalf what the creature was and if there were more, Gandalf revealed that he did not know, but speculated that it must have been drawn out from the deep places beneath the [[Misty Mountains]]. Silently, Gandalf noted that it had seized Frodo first,<ref name=Dark/> possibly suggesting the influence of the [[One Ring]].

When the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] found the [[Book of Mazarbul]] in the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]], Gandalf read that "...the pool is up to the wall at [[Doors of Durin|Westgate]]. The Watcher in the Water took [[Óin]]. We cannot get out". [[Gimli]] commented that at least for them, it was good that the creature was sleeping at the southern end due to the pool not being high enough.<ref name=Dark/>

The fate of the Watcher in the Water is unknown, but the Dwarves succeeded in retaking [[Moria]] in the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
===The Watcher in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="350px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Watcher in the Water.jpg|The ''Watcher in the Water'' in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
</gallery>

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Watcher in the Water is a green, multi-tentacled monster. Only the tentacles can be seen. It takes [[Bill the Pony]] and pulls the [[Doors of Durin]] shut once the Fellowship is inside the mountains.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The Watcher in the Water was made to be slightly different than that in the [[The Fellowship of the Ring|book]]. In the book only green slightly luminous tentacles appear. In this film not only the tentacles but a massive head is visible. The tentacles of the Watcher in the Water have a sort of thumb and flat hand. In addition, there is a big sack on the back of the head that fills with air, making it look twice as big. In full form it resembles an octopus with a humanoid face. It has massive teeth in a small mouth, and great eyes set across from each other.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:The Watcher in the Water is depicted as a sea serpent-like creature, with several thick tentacles that shoot out of the pool. The player, in the persona of Aragorn, needs to shoot them with a bow to stun the creature while Gandalf attempts to decipher the password for the West-gate.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (video game)]]:'''
:The Watcher in the Water appears in the mission "Gates of Moria", one of several missions in the game that portray events from the Fellowship of the Ring despite the game's focus on the events of The Two Towers. The Watcher is depicted virtually identically to the way it appears in the 2001 film ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', though its tentacles are visible in the lead up to the Doors of Durin instead of solely harrying the party directly in front of the Doors. The player - who can be any of Aragorn, Legolas, or Gimli - must parry the Watcher's tentacle attacks, then slice off a parried tentacle, which will provoke the Watcher to rear its head above the water, where it can be actually damaged with ranged attacks. After a short period, the Watcher will dive back and under and attack with tentacles once more, and this process will repeat until either the player character or the Watcher perishes.

'''2008: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]: [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria|Mines of Moria]]'':'''
:The Watcher in the Water first features in the Moria introduction, where it drove off the [[Dwarves]] of the Iron Garrison in their first attempt to enter [[Moria]]. The need to find a weapon capable of harming it which serves to introduce the player to the expansion pack's new Legendary Item system. After being driven out of the Black Pool before the [[Doors of Durin]], it is encountered and driven off again in the Water-Works of Moria later in the Epic series. Its final appearance was in a twelve-man raid in which the objective is to finally put an end to the creature.

== See also ==
* [[Nameless things]]

{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Wächter im Wasser]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/guetteur de l eau]]

Waste

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{{disambig-two|the region where the [[Master of Lake-town]] died|large northern region|[[Northern Waste]]}}
The '''Waste''' was a region that was located somewhere within [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Stage>{{H|Stage}}</ref>

== History ==
After the [[Battle of Five Armies]], [[Bard]] gave a large amount of gold to the [[Master of Lake-town]] to help the [[Lake-men]]. However, the Master caught the dragon-sickness, stole most of the gold and fled with it from [[Lake-town]].<ref name=Stage/> After his companions had deserted him, he starved to death in the Waste,<ref name=Stage/> sometime between {{TA|2941}} and {{TA|2949|n}}.<ref group="note">The old Master could have died any time between the end of the [[Quest of Erebor]] ({{TA|2941}}) and [[Gandalf]] and [[Balin|Balin's]] visit to Bilbo in {{TA|2949}}.</ref><ref>{{App|TA}}, entries for the years 2941 and 2949, p. 1089</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In an earlier version of the [[The Last Stage]] chapter, the Master was murdered by his companions for the gold and thrown into the waste afterwards. In a modification of this earlier version, the Master's companions simply left him and the Master died of starvation in the waste.<ref name=Back>{{HH|Back}}</ref> In a slightly later version, the Master died of starvation within the waste without any companions being mentioned.<ref name=End>{{HH|End}}</ref> The word ''waste'' was uncapitalized in all of those versions,<ref name=Back/><ref name=End/>

== Speculation ==
It is possible that the capitalization of the word ''Waste'' within the published book may have been a mistake or a last minute change by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] or by the publisher.{{Fact}} [[Robert Foster]] has suggested that the ''Waste'' may possibly have been another name for the [[Desolation of the Dragon|Desolation of Smaug]],<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry Waste, p. 419</ref> though how he came to this conclusion is unknown.

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:Fields, plains and deserts]]
[[Category:Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Regions]]

Warren Mahy

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[[File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Halbarad, Ranger of the North.jpg|thumb|Halbarad in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'']]'''Warren Mahy''' ([[29 September|September 29]], [[1969]]) is a designer, illustrator and sculptor from [[New Zealand]]. He has worked with [[Weta Workshop]] for [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], contributed to the ''[[Isengard (LOTRRPG)|Isengard]]'' supplement by [[Decipher]] and appeared as [[Halbarad]] on a [[Decipher Card]].
==See also==
* [[:Category:Images by Warren Mahy|Images by Warren Mahy]]

==External links==
* '''[http://www.mahystudio.com/ Official Site]'''
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0537272/ Warren Mahy] at [http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]

[[Category:Artists|Mahy, Warren]]
[[Category:New Zealand people|Mahy, Warren]]
[[Category:People by name|Mahy, Warren]]

Warner Bros. Games

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[[Image:Warner Bros. Games.jpg||thumb|175px|right|Warner Bros. Games logo]]
'''Warner Bros. Games''' (formerly known as '''Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment''', also known as '''WB Games''') is a world-wide distributor and developer of video games and currently, it is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. In [[2009]] it entered into a partnership with the [[Middle-earth Enterprises|Saul Zaentz Company]] and [[New Line Cinema]] (itself now a subsidiary of [[Warner Bros.]]) to make video games based on both the ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[The Lord of the Rings|books]] and [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|films]] and [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' films]] and [[The Hobbit|book]]. As a result, it is the current company that has the video game rights for both ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Hobbit'' and their adaptations.

==''The Lord of the Rings'' video games==
[[Image:Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment.png||thumb|175px|right|WBIE logo]]
After the [[wikipedia:Electronic Entertainment Expo|Electronic Entertainment Expo]] [[2009]], Martin Tremblay, President of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, said:

{{blockquote|The Lord of the Rings franchise is world renowned for its captivating adventures, and we are creating new experiences in the game space designed to appeal to a wide array of consumer tastes from core to casual. The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest is the first of many different types of games we will be developing with the film and literary rights. It is also the first game allowing kids and their families to interact in their favorite locations and stories from The Lord of the Rings with accessible gameplay.<ref name="IGN Announce">[http://www.ign.com IGN], "[http://uk.wii.ign.com/articles/987/987602p1.html Warner Bros. Announces Lord of the Rings Game Franchise Partnership]", 28 May 2009 (accessed 27 September 2010)</ref>}}

==Games==
:'''[[2010]]''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
:'''[[2010]]''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Middle-Earth Defense|The Lord of the Rings: Middle-earth Defense]]''
:'''[[2011]]''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
:'''[[2012]]''': ''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]''
:'''[[2012]]''': ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game|Lego The Lord of the Rings]]''
:'''[[2012]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: Kingdoms of Middle-earth]]''
:'''[[2012]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: Dwarf Combat Training]]''
:'''[[2013]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug – A Journey through Middle-earth ]]''
:'''[[2013]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: Armies of The Third Age]]''
:'''[[2013]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug – Barrel Escape]]''
:'''[[2013]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug – Spiders of Mirkwood]]''
:'''[[2014]]''': ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game|Lego The Hobbit]]''
:'''[[2014]]''': ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]''
:'''[[2014]]''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Legends of Middle-earth]]''
:'''[[2014]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: Battle of the Five Armies – Orc Attack]]''
:'''[[2014]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: Battle of the Five Armies – Fight for Middle-earth]]''
:'''[[2017]]''': ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]''
:'''[[2021]]''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Rise to War]]''

==External links==
* [https://warnerbrosgames.com/ '''Official Website''']
* {{WP|Warner Bros. Games}}

{{references}}

[[Category:American businesses]]
[[Category:Video Game developers]]
[[Category:Video Game publishers]]

Wolf-language

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{{Unnamed}}
The '''Warg language''' was the tongue of the [[Wargs]] over the [[Edge of the Wild]].

Not much is known about this language. When [[Thorin and Company]] were found by the Wargs at their [[meeting-place]], [[Gandalf]] understood was able to understand their language. According to [[Bilbo Baggins]], the tongue "''sounded terrible''".<ref>{{H|6}}</ref>

{{references}}

{{languages}}

[[Category:Languages]]
[[de:Sprache der Warge]]
[[fi:Hukkien kieli]]

Warden of the Houses of Healing

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{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Warden of the Houses of Healing
| image=The Lord of the Rings Online - Warden of the Houses of Healing.jpg
| caption=Torchún, Warden of the Houses of Healing in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Minas Tirith]] ([[Houses of Healing]])
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]
| birthlocation=''presumably'' Gondor
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
The '''Warden of the Houses of Healing''' was a character mentioned in the last stages of ''[[The Return of the King]]''. He was a [[Gondorian]] who was in charge of the [[Houses of Healing]].

== History ==
Not much is said of him, and no name has been given to this character.

He seems to have annoyed both [[Gandalf]] and [[Aragorn]] due to his tendency to get into a prolonged discussion about the herbs, herb-lore and other lore; in the mean time, he had shown his ignorance concerning the healing properties of ''[[athelas]]'', which by that time had been almost forgotten, save those of the few who still remembered the lore of the [[Elder Days]].<ref name="Warden">{{RK|V8}}</ref>

Sometime later, when [[Éowyn]] has been healed (at least bodily-wise), the Warden counselled her to take rest for at least a week from now, but Éowyn was determined to go beyond the Houses of Healing, and in one of her wanderings she met [[Faramir]], and conversing with him for a while, she set all the dreams of her past deeds to naught. And so began the love of Faramir the [[Steward of Gondor]] and Éowyn the [[Shieldmaiden of Rohan]].<ref name="Steward">{{RK|VI5}}</ref>

At that tidings the Warden of the Houses of Healing was rejoiced, and his heart was uplifted.<ref name="Steward"/>

== Notes ==
* '''Warden of the Houses of Healing''' was the title given to the chief healer of the [[Houses of Healing]] in [[Minas Tirith]], a position of some power and authority.<ref name="Warden"/>
* Although the title of the '''Warden of the Houses of Healing''' refers to a broader category, the '''Warden of the Houses of Healing''' in ''The Return of the King'' is, no doubt, an individual character.

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
: The position of the Warden of the Houses of Healing is occupied by a man called '''Torchún''', who is one of the many Wardens sitting on the [[Council of Gondor]]. Before the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] he is concerned about gathering as many goods and supplies for his healers as possible. After the battle, he asks the player to assist in both helping the countless wounded as well as driving away numerous well-wishers and visitors who crowd the place.

: Torchún is in fact not a practicing healer himself, his current position being rather administrative. The ignorant man who annoys [[Aragorn]] is a separate character, the Herb-master of the Houses of Healing named Galathir.

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Warden of the Houses of Healing}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Mannish titles]]
[[Category:Positions and occupations]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

War of the Ring (disambiguation)

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The '''War of the Ring''' may refer to:
==Middle-earth==
*'''[[War of the Ring]]''', a major war in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' which ended following the destruction of [[The One Ring]].
==Books==
* ''[[The War of the Ring]]'', the eighth book in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series, and the third of ''[[The History of The Lord of the Rings]]''.
* ''The War of the Ring'', the name of Book V in some editions of ''The Lord of the Rings''.
==Adaptations==
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'', a [[2004]] video game by [[Sierra Entertainment]].
* ''[[War of the Ring (1977 board game)|War of the Ring]]'', a [[1979]] board game.
* ''[[War of the Ring (2004 board game)|War of the Ring]]'', a [[2004]] board game.
* ''The Appendices Part 5: The War of the Ring'', disc three of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (extended edition)]].
* ''War of the Ring'', a game mode in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth II]] and [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-King]].
* ''[[The War of the Ring (Eamon series)|The War of the Ring]]'', a series of games made by [[Eamon (video game)|Eamon]].
* [[War of the Ring (2009 book)|''War of the Ring'' (2009 book)]], a [[2009]] supplement for ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''.
* ''[[War of the Ring: Battlehosts]]'', a [[2010]] supplement for ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''.

==See also==
* [[Battle of Dagorlad (disambiguation)]]
* [[The Fellowship of the Ring (disambiguation)]]
* [[The Lord of the Rings (disambiguation)]]
* [[The Return of the King (disambiguation)]]
* [[Ring (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig}}

War of the Elves and Sauron

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{{expansion}}
{{War
|previous=[[War of Wrath]]
|next=[[War of the Last Alliance]]
|image=[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Celebrimbor's Death.jpg|300px]]
|name=War of the Elves and Sauron
|begin={{SA|1693}}
|end={{SA|1701}}
|place=Throughout [[Eriador]], but centred on the land of [[Eregion]]
|result=Victory for the [[Elves]] and allies
*[[Eregion]] destroyed
*[[Sauron]] defeated and driven from Eriador
*Founding of [[Imladris]]
|battles=[[Sack of Eregion]], [[First Siege of Imladris]], [[Battle of the Gwathló]]
|side1=[[Elves of Eregion]] [[Elves of Lindon]] [[Elves of Lórinand]] [[Númenóreans]] [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]]
|side2=Forces of [[Sauron]]
|commanders1=[[Gil-galad]] [[Celebrimbor]] † [[Elrond]] [[Celeborn]] [[Amroth]] [[Tar-Minastir|Minastir]] [[Ciryatur]] [[Durin III]]
|commanders2=[[Sauron]]
}}
The '''War of the Elves and Sauron''', also known as '''the first war with Sauron''',<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref>{{rp|270}} was a great war fought in the [[Second Age]] between the forces of [[Sauron]] and the Elves in [[Eriador]] and their allies.

==Background==
{{seealso|Rings of Power}}
During the Second Age, [[Sauron]] planned to corrupt the Elves and put them under his dominion. In his guise as [[Annatar]], he attempted to seduce the [[Eldar]]. Both [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] rejected him from Lindon, but the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain|Smiths of Eregion]] were won over. Sauron instructed the [[Elves of Eregion]] in the making of the [[Rings of Power]], including aiding the forging of the [[Nine Rings|Nine]] and the [[Seven Rings|Seven]]. Sauron returned to Mordor and secretly constructed the [[One Ring]] to enslave the bearers of the other Rings.<ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Unbeknownst to him, the Elves had made [[Three Rings]] of their own, so that when Sauron took up his own Ring, they understood his intentions and his centuries of planning came to nothing.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==History==
===Prelude===
What he could not control by subtlety and deception, Sauron resolved to destroy by force. He obtained the allegiance of Men that lived in lands that were adjacent to Mordor, including in regions of the [[White Mountains]] and in [[Calenardhon]]. The [[Númenóreans]] who occupied the [[Ethir Anduin]] and the coasts of [[Lebennin]] discovered his activities and informed Gil-galad. However, Sauron did not allow the tribes of eastern Men to come in sight of the Númenóreans or of Men of good will that lived in Eriador, Calenardhon, the Vales of Anduin, Greenwood the Great or in the plains between that wood and Mordor, to avoid the risk that his gathering of armies in the east would be discovered. Sauron gathered and trained his armies for approximately ninety years before he felt ready to attack. He was unable to gather as many troops as he hoped for, because powerful enemies in the East and South opposed his efforts.<ref name="Delay">{{NM|P3xviii}}</ref> Among those enemies were the two [[wizards]] [[Morinehtar]] and [[Rómestámo]]. Their task was to stir up rebellion and to cause dissension and disarray in the East. Otherwise the forces of the East would have outnumbered those of the West in the Second Age and in the Third Age.<ref name="PMLast">{{PM|Last}}, The Five Wizards, pp. 384-85</ref> In {{SA|1695}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> Sauron's vast armies passed through Calenardhon, invaded Eriador through the [[Gap of Rohan]], and turned north to attack Eregion. As a result of the Númenóreans having cut down many of the trees of [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]], the people inhabiting these lands welcomed Sauron's conquest and let him pass. Sauron left a force at Tharbad, and his armies marched on to Eregion <ref name="Concerning" />

===Destruction of Eregion===
{{main|Sack of Eregion}}
[[File:Kimberly - Celebrimbor.jpg|left|200px|thumb|''Celebrimbor'' by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]]]
[[Celeborn]] led a force from Eregion, and defeated the first wave of Sauron's army. However, he could not hold them off indefinitely. Celeborn's force was overwhelmed and driven back to [[Ost-in-Edhil]]
When news of the invasion reached [[Gil-galad]], he sent a force commanded by [[Elrond]] from [[Lindon]] to reinforce Eregion, and sent word to [[Númenor]] for aid.<ref name="Concerning" /> Elrond's forces were held back by Sauron's greater host and Eregion was devastated. In {{SA|1697}}, [[Ost-in-Edhil]] fell, with [[Celebrimbor]] himself leading a last desperate defence on the steps of the [[House of the Mírdain]]. He was taken captive by the [[Orcs]] and Sauron demanded that the Rings of Power be turned over to him, as well as the Three Rings. Celebrimbor yielded the [[Nine Rings]] and later even the [[Seven Rings]], but was able to hide the identities of those who bore the Three. Later Celebrimbor was shot through with Orc-arrows, and by some accounts, Sauron used Celebrimbor's body as a banner as he turned to face Elrond's host.<ref name="Concerning" />

===Founding of Imladris===
Elrond's force was far smaller than Sauron's army, and was at risk of being overrun when the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the [[Galadhrim|Elves]] of [[Lothlórien|Lóriand]] led by [[Amroth]] attacked Sauron's rear guard. Thus, the beleaguered Elrond was able save many of the Elves of Eregion by escaping into the north and founding the stronghold of [[Rivendell|Imladris]]. Once the Dwarves returned to Khazad-dûm, the [[Doors of Durin]] were shut and remained so until the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] came there thousands of years later.

Sauron gathered up the Rings of Power that remained, except for the Three Rings, which had been sent far from Eregion at the beginning of the war, and laid waste the land of Eregion, bringing an end to its people. The surviving Elves of Eregion seem to have scattered, as there are various accounts of their fates. Some fled northward to join Elrond and settled at [[Imladris]].<ref name="Concerning" /> They were joined there by others of their kind who had escaped into the [[Rhovanion|Wild]], and only later found their way to safety. Many of these people seem to have later abandoned [[Middle-earth]] and sailed into the [[West]]. Other survivors escaped into Khazad-dûm and were granted passage by their friends the [[Dwarves]], coming eventually through the [[Misty Mountains|Mountains]] to the woodlands that would long afterwards be called [[Lothlórien]].<ref name="Concerning" />

===Sauron Routed===
{{main|Battle of the Gwathló}}
Over the next six years, Sauron's armies overran [[Eriador]] and moved west, aiming to take Lindon and claim one or more of the Three Rings. By {{SA|1699}}, Sauron has completely overrun Eriador and all its lands, save the Imladris and Lindon. However, Imladris was under siege and Gil-galad was barely holding the Line of Lhûn and the [[Grey Havens|Mithlond]]. Sauron had summoned more forces coming from the South East, in the hopes of obtaining the Grey Havens.{{Fact}} There, just as Sauron's victory looked secure, a fleet appeared in the north, carrying the forces of [[Númenor]] sent by Tar-Minastir, the heir<ref name="Delay" /><ref>{{UT|Kings}}, entry X ''Tar-Telperien''</ref><ref group="note">His aunt Queen [[Tar-Telperiën]] only surrendered the sceptre in [[Second Age 1731]]. In addition the chapter XVIII Note on the Delay of Gil-galad and the Númenóreans in The Nature of Middle-earth mentions "the great host of Minastir" instead of "the great host of Tar-Minastir".</ref> of Queen [[Tar-Telperiën]]. The [[Númenóreans]], led by [[Ciryatur]], forced Sauron's armies to retreat south-east with heavy losses. Sauron was defeated again at [[Sarn Ford]], and was pushed out of Eriador, where he burned the forests of Minhiriath and Enedwaith. He had only a small fraction of his army left, although he was reinforced by his force at Tharbad. However, Ciryatur has sent a portion of the Númenórean army to [[Vinyalondë|Lond Daer]], and Sauron found himself attacked from in front and behind in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]], from which he barely escaped. An ensuing battle in eastern [[Calenardhon]] stripped Sauron of all but a tiny bodyguard, with which he retreated into Mordor.<ref name="Concerning" />

===Aftermath===
After Sauron's defeat, the [[White Council]] was held. The exact members are unknown, but this Council was not composed of later members such as the [[Istari]], but likely of Elf-lords and Captains of Men. Here it was decided that Imladris should become the new Elvish stronghold in eastern Eriador, rather than in Eregion and Ost-in-Edhil. In recognition of his efforts, Gil-galad secretly bestowed the ring [[Vilya]] upon Elrond at this time and made him his vice-regent in Eriador.<ref name="Concerning" />

The might of Númenor was first revealed to Middle-earth, and the first signs of the Shadow upon Westernesse had appeared. Sauron cursed and vowed vengeance upon the Númenóreans, whom he now hated.{{Fact}}

{{references|n}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Wars]]

War of Words: Soldier-Poets of the Somme

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'''''War of Words: Soldier-Poets of the Somme''''' is a documentary, first aired on [[BBC|BBC Two]] on [[15 November]] [[2014]] as part of the centenary anniversary of [[World War I]].

The documentary features vignettes on poets who fought in the [[Battle of the Somme]]: [[wikipedia:Siegfried Sassoon|Siegfried Sassoon]], [[wikipedia:Robert Graves|Robert Graves]], [[wikipedia:David Jones (artist-poet)|David Jones]], [[wikipedia:Isaac Rosenberg|Isaac Rosenberg]] and [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. Tolkien's vignette, with commentary from [[John Garth]], recounts his involvement in the battles around Thiepval Wood. It also highlights the influences the war had on the [[Fall of Gondolin]], the [[Dead Marshes]], and the eternal conflict of good versus evil.

==External links==
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04pw01r War of Words: Soldier-Poets of the Somme] at bbc.co.uk.
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Documentaries]]

War of the Last Alliance

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{{war
| previous=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]
| next= [[Angmar War]]
| image=[[File:Matt DeMino - Sauron - War of the Last Alliance.png|300px]]
| name= War of the Last Alliance
| place= [[Mordor]] and the lower [[Vales of Anduin]]
| result= Victory for the [[Last Alliance]]
*Fall of [[Sauron]]
*Loss of the [[One Ring]]
*Decline of [[Elvendom]] in [[Middle-earth]] and the [[Men of Arnor]]
| battles= [[First Fall of Minas Ithil]], [[Anárion's defence of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| begin= {{SA|3429}}
| end= {{SA|3441}}
| side1= [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| side2= Forces of [[Sauron]]|
|casual1=|
|casual2=|
| commanders1=
[[Gil-galad]]†
 [[Círdan]]
 [[Elrond]]
 [[Oropher]] †
 [[Thranduil]]
 [[Amdír]] †
 [[Elendil]] †
 [[Isildur]]
 [[Anárion]] †
| commanders2=
[[Sauron]]
}}

The '''War of the Last Alliance''', also simply known as the '''War of the Alliance''', was the war at the close of the [[Second Age]] in which the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] marched against the forces of [[Sauron]]. Against all hope, they were victorious, but when the [[One Ring]] was not destroyed, [[Sauron]] rose again during the long years of the [[Third Age]].

==History==
===Prelude===
Ever since his defeat in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]] Sauron nursed a special hatred against the [[Númenóreans]] and longed to take revenge on them.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> In {{SA|3261|n}}, Sauron dared to wage war against Númenor and the last [[King of Númenor]] [[Ar-Pharazôn]] had gathered a massive army to counter this threat. Perceiving the might and splendour of the Númenóreans Sauron's servants deserted him, and Sauron was filled with fear and humbled himself. He was brought as a hostage to Númenor and finally succeeded in taking his revenge by playing a vital role in the events that led to the Downfall. Yet of all Númenóreans he hated Elendil most, and his wrath was great that he and his sons had escaped.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}}, the remaining [[Faithful]] led by [[Elendil]] and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anarion]] established the [[Realms in Exile]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Elendil ruled [[Arnor]] in the north, Isildur and Anarion jointly ruled the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. [[Sauron]] however perished physically, by drowning; being caught in the Fall of Númenor which he had cleverly schemed to bring about. Yet nevertheless, even though he truly was drowned, Sauron's spirit endured; he returned to his fortress [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]] and was able in time to take shape again. However, it should be noted that hereafter Sauron could no longer take on a deceptively fair and greatly pleasing form, as Sauron had done so long before, in order to deceive the Elves and then again much later, the [[Númenóreans]] too, whilst he was held a willing captive.<ref name=Rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Opening Stages===
Perceiving that his enemies of old had escaped the downfall, Sauron's wrath was great and in {{SA|3429|n}} he launched an attack upon Isildur's fortress, Minas Ithil. Believing that Sauron had perished in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], they were completely taken by surprise, [[Minas Ithil]] was [[First Fall of Minas Ithil|taken]], and the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that Isildur had planted there was burned. Nevertheless Isildur, his wife and children escaped, saving a seedling of the tree, too, and sailing down [[Anduin]] journeyed to Elendil's realm in Arnor. There Elendil and [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]] forged the [[Last Alliance|Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in {{SA|3430|n}}, to defeat Sauron ultimately. Meanwhile, Anárion held out in Gondor, defending [[Osgiliath]] and [[Minas Anor]].<ref name=Rings/>

In {{SA|3431}}, the [[Elves of Lindon]] led by Gil-galad and [[Círdan]] marched eastward and were awaited by Elendil at [[Amon Sûl]]. The combined host marched towards [[Rivendell|Imladris]], where they joined with [[Elrond|Lord Elrond]], who was Gil-galad's herald, and acted as his second-in-command in the coming campaign.<ref name=Rings/>

The united host rested for about three years in Imladris, forging weapons and making plans. They crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] over many passes and marched down [[Anduin]] where they were joined by Elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] led by king [[Oropher]] and his son [[Thranduil]] and [[Elves of Lórien]] under King [[Amdír]],<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref> as well as by the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|kindred]] of [[Durin]] from [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].<ref name=Rings/> At the southern eaves of [[Eryn Galen]], the host turned south-east and marched through desolate areas that had once been the [[Entwives]]' gardens. They, and probably the Entwives themselves, had been destroyed by [[Sauron]] to deprive the Alliance's forces of supplies.<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref>

The Alliance entered the vast plain outside Mordor where Sauron's host awaited them from the north-west.

Of the Dwarves, few fought upon either side; but the folk of Durin from Khazad-dûm fought against [[Sauron]].<ref name=Rings/>

===Battle of Dagorlad===
{{main|Battle of Dagorlad}}
The [[Silvan Elves]] of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] led by their King [[Oropher]] and of [[Lórien]] led by King [[Amdír]] were not well equippied with armour and weapons in comparison with the [[Eldar]] of the West and did not want to place themselves under the supreme command of Gil-galad. [[Oropher]] and his bravest warriors the [[Silvan Elves]], charged forward before Gil-galad had given the command and suffered heavy casualties, including Oropher himself. Amdír and his forces were cut off from the main battle and driven to the north-west into the marshes, where he also fell along with more than half of his troops.<ref name="Silvan Princes"/> This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there.

This battle raged for days and nights continuously. But the Elves were still mighty in these times and the Númenóreans were tall and strong and terrible. And none could withstand [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]] and [[Narsil]], Gil-galad's spear and Elendil's sword which filled the orcs and wicked men with fear. Slowly Elves and Númenóreans whittled down the vast numbers of Orcs and pushed them back towards the [[Black Gate]].<ref name=Rings/>
No account is given how the Alliance managed to break through this mighty fortification though.

===Siege of Barad-dûr===
{{main|Siege of Barad-dûr}}
The forces of the Last Alliance had forced their way through the Black Gate into Mordor itself. Victory seemed close, but no power short of the [[Valar]] could breach the [[Dark Tower]] by force. Though a great part of Sauron's forces was destroyed at the Dagorlad his host was still numerous and Sauron ordered many a sortie. The siege went on year after year, from {{SA|3434}} to {{SA|3441|n}}.<ref name=Rings/> Isildur's sons, [[Aratan]] and [[Ciryon]], were detached and sent to Minas Ithil to guard against a breakout to the southwest, but his oldest son, Elendur served by his side till the end.<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> [[Anárion]] was killed in {{SA|3440|n}} by a projectile thrown from the tower.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>

In the seventh year of the siege, it became so pressing that [[Sauron]] himself came forth. His onslaught was terrible and the siege was almost broken as Sauron and his host advanced to the slopes of [[Mount Doom]]. There he was encountered by the captains of the Alliance, Gil-galad and Elendil and to their side stood Elrond, Círdan and Isildur. Sauron fought with Gil-galad and Elendil, and both were slain. As Elendil fell, his sword was broken beneath him. Yet Sauron was thrown down, too, and Isildur seized the hilt of his father's sword and cut off the finger on which Sauron wore the One Ring. Being bereft of its power, Sauron was no longer able to hold a physical form and perished.<ref name=Rings/>

===Aftermath===
The Alliance pursued the Orcs, who were then in disarray, and killed them all. The Barad-dûr was levelled but its foundations remained behind since they were built with the power of the [[One Ring]] which was not destroyed. The thousands of dead Men and Elves were taken out of Mordor and buried in the Dagorlad Plain.

Over the course of the war, which ended with the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, most of the Silvan army had been lost. Thranduil led the remaining third of his army back home to the Greenwood.<ref name="Silvan Princes"/>

While he had captured the [[One Ring]], Isildur refused Elrond and Círdan's entreaties that he destroy it by casting it into the [[Crack of Doom]], claiming it as a weregild for his father's and brother's death.<ref name=Rings/> The result of this was that while [[Sauron]] was defeated and cast down, his spirit was not destroyed. He hid in the dark lands east of Mordor, and slowly rebuilt his power. The Nine ([[Nazgûl]]) also bided their time for the day when he would rise again.

While the Orc armies of Sauron had been well nigh destroyed in the War, scattered groups of them survived. In the Last Alliance, the casualties had been heavy. [[Elendil]] and [[Anárion]] were gone, and [[Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]], was no more. [[Arnor]] took grievous losses, and suffered from a decline in population. It never really recovered as a major power and broke into three pieces some centuries later. [[Gondor]] suffered less heavily and became a powerful nation. [[Isildur]], the new [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]], perished only two years later in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], along with his three older sons. They were ambushed by an Orc task force operating near the River Anduin. In the course of Isildur's death, the Ring was lost in the depths of [[Anduin]].<ref name="Gladden"/> Much was lost, but [[Sauron]] was suppressed- for a while.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The entire venture of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] was combined into a short silhouette play, in which [[Isildur]] cut the [[The One Ring|Ring]] off [[Sauron]]'s hand in battle - not when Sauron was already conquered.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Last Alliance.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The War of the Last Alliance in ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'']]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:This film also compresses the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], the Siege, and the final duel into one, and places them all at [[Mount Doom]], in a prologue similar to that of the 1978 film. The main perspective of the entire [[Prologue: One Ring to Rule Them All...|Prologue - ''One Ring to Rule Them All...'']] - lies with [[Elrond]]. The death of [[Gil-galad]] is not mentioned, [[Anárion]] is cut completely, and the deaths of [[Elendil]] and Sauron are rewritten: after coming forth, Sauron wreaks havoc among the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and a blow from his mace throws Elendil against the mountainside, killing him. Isildur tries to take up [[Narsil]], but it breaks as Sauron steps on it. In a desperate strike, Isildur slashes the Ring, and four fingers, from Sauron's hand. Sauron's body sends a shockwave over the land and dissolves into nothingness.

:In a later scene, named ''[[The Fate of the Ring]]'', Elrond tells [[Gandalf]] of the final debate with Isildur, inside Mount Doom. [[Círdan]] is not present, and Isildur refuses by simply saying "No".

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':''''
:The war serves as the setting for the tutorial. The player controls Isildur making his way through Mordor.

{{References}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[Category:Wars]]

[[fr:encyclo/evenements/2a/guerres/guerre de la derniere alliance]]

War of the Dwarves and Orcs

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{{War
| previous=[[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]]
| next=[[War of the Ring]]
| name=War of the Dwarves and Orcs
| image=[[Image:Mikel Janin - Battle of Azanulbizar.jpeg|300px]]
| begin={{TA|2793}}
| end={{TA|2799}}
| place=Beneath the [[Misty Mountains]], from [[Gundabad]] southward to [[Moria]]
| result=Victory for the [[Dwarves]]
*[[Durin's Folk]] settle the [[Ered Luin]]
*[[Orcs]] settle the [[White Mountains]] and trouble [[Rohan]] thereafter
| battles=[[Sacking of Mount Gundabad]], [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]
|side1=[[Durin's Folk]] [[Dwarves]] of other Houses
|side2=[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]
|commanders1=[[Thráin II]] [[Thorin]] [[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]] † [[Dáin Ironfoot]]
|commanders2=[[Azog]] †
|}}
The '''War of the Dwarves and Orcs''' was a great war fought between the two races.

==Background==
In {{TA|2770}}, [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] was [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] by the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> Many of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Durin's Folk]] were rendered homeless and wandered through western [[Middle-earth]], trying to make as best a living as they could. After some years of wandering they settled down in [[Dunland]]. Among these Dwarves were [[Thrór]], formerly the [[King under the Mountain]], his son [[Thráin|Thráin II]], and his grandson [[Thorin II]].<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref><ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==History==
===Prelude===
Thrór fell into despair after living many years in poverty, or perhaps the [[Rings of Power|Ring]] he wore was ultimately working evil upon its bearer.<ref name="Durin"/> Whatever the case, he decided to leave his people in {{TA|2790|n}}<ref name="TA"/> to seek out and look upon the ancestral halls of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Accompanied by his friend [[Nár]], they crossed the [[Redhorn Pass]] and came down to the [[Great Gates|East-gate of Moria]] where Thrór took it upon himself to enter alone, despite the warnings of Nár who stayed behind in the dale.

Thrór was caught and slain by [[Azog]] the [[Orcs|Orc]]-chieftain of Moria, and after a few days Thrór's head was branded with Azog's name and the corpse was thrown out of the gate where it was found by Nár. He was left alive to serve as a messenger to the Dwarves that Azog now claimed to be the King of Moria, and to stay away.

When Nár returned to the king's son Thráin, he told him of his father's murder and the Orc's warning. For seven days without eating or sleeping the new king sat, until he stood and cried "This cannot be borne!"<ref name="Durin"/>

From 2790 to {{TA|2793|n}},<ref name="TA"/> the [[Longbeards]] responded to this tragedy by gathering an army, and calling on the other Houses of the Dwarves for war.

===Early Conflicts===
In 2793, the Dwarven host was ready, and departed for war; assailing and sacking all the Orc-holds they could find from [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] in the north, to the [[Gladden River|Gladden]] in the south one by one.

Little is actually known about the six year-long war; however, it is known that most of it was fought underground, in the great mines and tunnels of the Misty Mountains, where Dwarves excelled in combat.<ref name="Durin"/>

===Battle of Azanulbizar===
{{main|Battle of Azanulbizar}}
The war came to its climax in {{TA|2799|n}}<ref name="TA"/> when the final battle was fought in the Dimrill Dale below the East-gate of [[Moria]], the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]], the same gate the Fellowship of the Ring would exit 220 years later. The Dwarves gained victory in this notoriously bloody encounter when reinforcements arrived late on the scene from the [[Iron Hills]]. Azog was slain by [[Dáin Ironfoot]].

In its aftermath, King Thráin wanted to enter reclaim the city, but the Dwarves not of Durin's folk refused, saying that the city was not their Fathers' House; they had honored Thrór's memory by fighting and that was enough. [[Dáin Ironfoot]] also warned the king that [[Durin's Bane]] still dwelt within Khazad-dûm.<ref name="Durin"/>

===Aftermath===
The war was very costly for the Dwarves and Orcs: nearly half of those involved in the final battle were killed. [[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]], [[Frerin]], and [[Fundin]] were among the more notable casualties. Thráin II himself lost an eye and gained a limp, and Thorin was wounded when his shield broke and he had to use an oak branch to defend himself-hence the epithet "[[Oakenshield]]".<ref name="Durin"/>

The Orcs suffered irreparable damage to their numbers by war's end; ten thousand alone were killed in the Dimrill Dale.
Those that survived the final battle fled south, seeking refuge in the [[White Mountains]], where they troubled the [[Rohirrim]] for two generations.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref> In {{TA|2851}}<ref name="TA"/> King [[Walda]] was slain with all his companions by Orcs near [[Dunharrow]]. His son [[Folca]] hunted down and eliminated the last Orc-hold in the White Mountains.<ref>{{App|Mark}}, ''Second Line''</ref>

As a result of such losses, the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] virtually disappeared as a threat to [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]. One and a half centuries later the Orcs of the North were recovering, but their numbers were permanently depleted to severely low levels in the aftermath of the [[Battle of Five Armies]] in {{TA|2941|n}}.<ref name="TA"/> It was here that [[Bolg]] son of Azog tried to avenge his father and the [[Great Goblin]], but in his failure, three fourths of his people were killed.<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2020: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The conflict is referred to as the "''Sixth'' War of Dwarves and Orcs". A "Fifth War of the Dwarves and Orcs" is mentioned as having been triggered by the slaying of King [[Thorin I]] by Orcs in the [[Grey Mountains]]. The alliance of multiple Houses is known as the "Gabil'akkâ, the Unified Army of Dwarves", and the host assembled by Thráin in particular as the "Haban'akkâ".

:The Battle of Azanulbizar is portrayed in an extended flashback sequence in which the player assumes the role of "Hermáth Stormhammer", a close friend of [[Dáin Ironfoot]] who composed a detailed account of the war on the King's request. All seven of the Dwarven Houses, including their kings, participate in the conflict, despite some coming from very far to the East and not having any contact with the Longbeards since the fall of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].

:A potential seventh war, known at the time as the "War of Three Peaks", begins after the downfall of [[Sauron]] in [[Third Age 3019]], when King [[Thorin Stonehelm]]'s son Prince Durin assembles a dwarven host to reclaim [[Gundabad]].

== See also ==
*[[Sack of Erebor]]

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Long Winter]]
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]
| dates={{TA|2793}} - {{TA|2799}}
| next=[[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[Category:Wars]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/3a/guerres/guerre des nains et des orques]]
[[fi:Kääpiöiden ja örkkien sota]]

War Office form 22 November 1916

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[[File:War Office form 22 November 1916.jpg|thumb]]
'''War Office form 22 November 1916''' is a form from the service record of the [[Wikipedia:War Office|War Office]], in which [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] confirms his return to England from France due to trench fever (dated [[22 November]] [[1916]]).<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/people/p_tolkien_med.htm|articlename=J R R Tolkien: trench fever|dated=|website=[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk NationalArchives.co.uk]|accessed=29 July 2012}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Letter to the War Office]]

{{References}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]

Wandering Companies

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[[File:Stephen Hickman - Wandering Eldar.jpg|thumb|250px|''Wandering Eldar'' by [[Stephen Hickman]]]]
{{quote|For the Elves of the High Kindred had not yet forsaken Middle-earth, and they dwelt still at that time at the [[Grey Havens]] away to [[Lindon|the west]], and in other places within reach of [[the Shire]].|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', "[[The Lord of the Rings Prologue|Prologue]]: Concerning Hobbits"}}
The '''Wandering Companies''' were traveling groups of [[High Elves]] in [[Eriador]] of the [[Third Age]].
==History==
In the [[First Age|First]] and [[Second Age]] the people of Eriador included [[Nandor]] from [[Rhovanion]], who came west but never passed the [[Blue Mountains]] to join [[Laegrim|their brethren]]. In the Second Age some of these Nandor were nomadic "wandering companies", and they acknowledged [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]] as "[[Lord and Lady]] of the Eldar in Eriador", ruling from [[Nenuial]].<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}, p. 302</ref>

In later ages wandering companies set out from [[Rivendell]] to various destinations, such as the [[Tower Hills]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}</ref>

The [[Hobbits]] had contact with [[Elves]] around Eriador, and the [[Fallohides]] were friendlier to them than other Hobbits. Along with [[Dwarves]], they were a source of news from the outside world. It is possible that the [[Shire-hobbits]] learned the art of building directly from them. However as time passed in [[the Shire]], they had less contact with the Elves, growing some fear about them, and distrust for those that had dealings with them, coupled with their fear of the [[Sea]].<ref>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref>

[[Bilbo Baggins]], and later [[Frodo Baggins]] were often wandering far from home, in the hills and woods at night, and they were suspected meeting Elves who seldom walked in the Shire.<ref name=shadow/> Indeed some Elves like [[Gildor Inglorion]] had seen them many times while journeying, although the hobbits did not notice them.<ref name=three/> In the years leading to the [[War of the Ring]], some [[Elves of Lindon]] traversed the Shire in [[Spring]] and [[Autumn]],<ref name=three/> while others passed on their way to the [[Grey Havens]], leaving [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=shadow>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

One such Wandering Company, led by [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]], having gazed in the ''[[Elostirion-stone|Palantír]]'' of the [[White Towers]], seeking a glimpse of [[Varda|Elbereth]], were returning to [[Rivendell]]. On [[24 September]] {{TA|3018}}, their chants drove away a [[Ringwraith]], and soon were encountered by Frodo, [[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Peregrin Took]].

Gildor promised to inform other Wandering Companies of Frodo's journey, so that those who could, should help him.<ref name=three>{{FR|Three}}</ref>
==Customs==
During their wandering the Elves were silent and could move unseen, and seldom took other travellers with them.

At nights they camped in places around Eriador. One such place was a hill in [[Woody End]], above [[Woodhall]] (eighteen miles west of the [[Bucklebury Ferry]]<ref name=short>{{FR|I4}}</ref>); a greensward and a natural opening like a "hall" formed by the trees as pillars. They sang watching the stars rising, especially [[Menelvagor]], which was a sign for merriment. Then they lit a wood-fire, and torches with lights of gold and silver set upon the trees, and feasted sitting on the grass or old sawn trunks. They shared cool gold-coloured and fragrant draughts; and dishes heaped with food, more than a hobbit's birthday feast (although just a small fare compared to how they treated guests in their halls), and fruits sweeter and richer than those of the Shire gardens.<ref name=three/> They rested on fragrant beds made of fern and grass, set on bowers made by laced tree-branches.<ref name=short/>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Elves leaving Middle-earth.jpg|thumb|Elves leaving Middle-earth in {{fotree}}]]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:A scene that was shot on the third day of principal photography, "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", is a reference to this passage in the book although no interaction is made between the hobbits and the Elves. It was eventually cut from the theatrical release to postpone the introduction of Elves to [[Rivendell]].<ref name="PJ">[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", Directors' Commentary</ref> In the scene, Frodo and Sam have a meal when Frodo notices Elves in the distance, which according to Frodo are "[[Wood-elves]]" who travel to the Grey Havens and leave Middle-earth.<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]"</ref> They overhear the Elves singing a sad song, which is in fact a translation into [[Sindarin]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s ''[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]''.<ref>[[Ryszard Derdziński]] (ed.), "[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_soundtrack_fotr.htm#elbereth The Fellowship of the Ring Soundtrack Analysis]", [[Gwaith i-Phethdain]]</ref> Jackson meant for this scene to invoke the sadness of the Elves leaving Middle-earth.<ref name="PJ"/>
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Persuaded by [[Elrond]] to forget [[Aragorn]], [[Arwen]] joins a band of Elves on her way to the Gray Havens. "[[Figwit]]" or [[Lindir]] is with her. She has a [[foresight]] about her marriage with Aragorn and their son [[Eldarion]] and leaves the Company to return to Rivendell, leaving "Figwit" surprised.
{{references}}
[[Category:Elves]]
[[Category:Organizations]]

Walter Scherf

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'''Walter Scherf''' ([[11 June|June 11]], [[1920]] - [[25 October|October 25]], [[2010]]) was a German researcher for children's literature and fairy tales.

From [[1946]] to [[1949]] he studied Physics, Mineralogy and Musicology at the [[wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen|University of Göttingen]]. At the same time, Scherf founded and initiated youth groups. 1949 he became Federal leader of the German Jungenschaft (some kind of Scout Movement).

After his studies Scherf worked as typesetter, editorial journalist, lector and publishing house manager.

From [[1957]] to [[1982]] he was director of the [[wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.or/wiki/International_Youth_Library|International Youth Library]] in Munich.

Walter Scherf translated the first German edition of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[The Hobbit]] (''Kleiner Hobbit und der große Zauberer'', Paulus Verlag, Recklinghausen [[1957]]). This edition contains the illustrations made by [[Horus Engels]].
His revised translation was released [[1971]] in the Georg Bitter Verlag as ''Der kleine Hobbit'', this edition contains illustrations by [[Klaus Ensikat]].

After his retirement in [[1982]] he resumed his studies in Education, Psychology and Folklore which he began in the 1960s. He graduated in [[1986]] with the thesis ''Die Herausforderung des Dämons: Form und Funktion grausiger Märchen'' ("The challenge of the demon: the form and function of gruesome fairy tales").

Until [[2001]] he was a lecturer in folk narrative research in Innsbruck and Munich.

His main work as a researcher is a two-volume fairy tale encyclopedia from [[1995]].

For his works about fairy tales, Walter Scherf won awards like the ''Europäischer Märchenpreis''.

== External links ==

* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Scherf Wikipedia] (German)

[[Category:Translators|Scherf, Walter]]
[[Category:German people|Scherf, Walter]]
[[Category:People by name|Scherf, Walter]]
[[de:Walter Scherf]]