https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=AmrothTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2026-06-12T18:31:22ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.1https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway&diff=290525Tolkien Gateway2016-11-28T19:59:17Z<p>Amroth: </p>
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<div>:''This is the encyclopedic article about Tolkien Gateway, for generic help and information see [[Help:Contents]] or [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].''<br />
{{website<br />
| image=<div style="padding-top: 10px;">[[File:tolkiengateway-trans.png|223px]]</div><br />
| URL=http://tolkiengateway.net<br />
| slogan=''the [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] encyclopedia that anyone can edit''<br />
| alexa=[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tolkiengateway.net 104,786]<br />
| commercial=No<br />
| revenue=<br />
| type=Wiki; collaborative encyclopedia<br />
| language=English<br />
| licence=[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html GNU-FDL]<br />
| articlecount={{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}<br />
| registration=Open edit<br />
| owner=[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]<br />
| creator=<br />
| keypeople=[[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]]<br/>[[User:Mith|Mith]]<br/>[[User:Morgan|Morgan]]<br/>(see [[Tolkien Gateway:Top Editors|Top Editors]])<br />
| launch=[[3 June]] [[2005]]<br />
| status=Active<br />
}}'''Tolkien Gateway''' (or simply '''TG''') is a not-for-profit collaborative [[wikipedia:wiki|wiki]] devoted to the [[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|works]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], being the largest Tolkien-related encyclopedia on the [[wikipedia:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]].<ref name="List">"[[List of Tolkien Encyclopedias|List of Tolkien Encyclopedias]]", based on research by [[User:Mith|Mith]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]] [[2010]])</ref> It strives to be the most extensive and complete online resource with content relating not just to the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] but also information on Tolkien-related images, adaptations, people, places, events, societies, and other works of scholarly and academic interest.<br />
<br />
Although still criticised for its "wiki" ethos, Tolkien Gateway's growth and increased scholarship have been lauded by Tolkien scholars in recent years.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet"/> Its increased status has led to greater popularity as Tolkien Gateway is now the second-most popular Tolkien website in the world after [[TheOneRing.net]].<ref name="Alexa">[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tolkiengateway.net Alexa - tolkiengateway.net] (accessed [[25 May]] 2014)</ref> Tolkien Gateway is recognised as one of the world's largest wikis, ranking 422nd in the world by total number of articles and 365th by total number of edits.<ref name="WikiStats">[http://wikistats.wmflabs.org/largest_html.php?s=good_desc&th=10000&lines=750 WikiStats - List of largest MediaWikis] (accessed 6 July 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
Inspired by the release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Tolkien Gateway was founded by [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net], then [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk], before eventually opening up as [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] on [[3 June|June 3]], [[2005]]. Tolkien Gateway uses the same [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki] software as [http://www.wikia.com Wikia] and [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] whilst operating a [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU-FDL] licence. Tolkien Gateway has a [http://wikiindex.org/Category:WikiFactor wikifactor] of 129.<ref>[[wikipedia:WikiFactor|From Wikipedia]]: "The wikiFactor is simply the number of pages in the wiki (wF) that have had more than 1000 times wF visits."</ref><br />
<br />
==Objective==<br />
{{Blockquote|Tolkien Gateway is determined to inform you as much as possible about J.R.R. Tolkien and his masterpieces. Our goal is to have the most complete database about Middle-earth and Tolkien as possible.|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]}}<br />
==History==<br />
===Key dates===<br />
:''See also: [[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]''<br />
<br />
* [[1 January]] [[2003]] - TolkienGateway is created as a [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] website<ref name="About">From "[http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway:About&oldid=57386 Tolkien Gateway: About]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[8 February]] 2003 - TolkienGateway migrated from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire Angelfire.com] to new server at [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint.com]<ref name="About" /><br />
* By [[August]] 2003 - Switched domain from [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] to [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[6 November]] [[2004]] - TolkienGateway.net domain is purchased<ref name="About" /><br />
* In January [[2005]] - We launch our own IRC network for fans of J.R.R. Tolkien<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[3 June]] 2005 - Our wiki project is started<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[1 January]] 2006 - Foundation of [[Tolkien News]]<br />
* [[2 April]] 2006 - Opening of the [[Forum:Council|Forums]]<ref name="Forum Create">"[[Forum:Welcome to the Council forum!]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[14 October]] 2006 - Creation of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]]<br />
* [[16 October]] 2006 - Default skin changed to "Cavendish"<ref name="2006u"/><br />
* [[14 April]] 2007 - New [[Main Page]] design<ref name="Old Main Page">"[http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 Main Page oldid=42029]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[15 April|15]] - [[18 April]] 2007 - [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] hosted by Tolkien Gateway<br />
* [[4 October]] 2007 - the ability to add interwiki links was included<ref name="Interwiki" /><br />
* [[30 April]] 2008 - the [http://tolkiengateway.net/map Map] is created<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* In July, 2008 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 1,000 registers users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 July]] 2008 - Tolkien Gateway passes 7,000 articles<ref name="Updates 7000"/><br />
* [[17 August]] 2008 - [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] is promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]]<ref name="Rights">"[[Special:Log/rights|User Rights Log]]" (accessed [[25 May]] [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[26 August]] 2008 - Default skin changed to "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Ithilien" /><br />
* [[23 June]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway is locked to anonymous editors<ref name="TG lock" /><br />
* [[27 June]] 2010 - Ederchil promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Bureaucrats|bureaucrat]]<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[14 July]] 2010 - [[User:Mith|Mith]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[25 October]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 2,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[16 March]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 9,000 articles<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Default skin changed to "Mithilien", a re-made version of "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 3,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[7 August]] 2011 - After the installation of ConfirmEdit extension anonymous users can again edit the wiki<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[16 July]] 2012 - Tolkien Gateway passes 10,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:10,000 articles]] (accessed [[16 July|July 16]], [[2012]])</ref><br />
* [[26 April]] 2013 - Tolkien Gateway passes 4,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 June]] 2013 - [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[30 April]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 11,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:11,000 articles]] (accessed [[25 May]], [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[16 September]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 5,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[3 September]] 2016 - Tolkien Gateway passes 10,000 images.<br />
<br />
===History by year===<br />
====2003====<br />
Inspired by the recent release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] created TolkienGateway on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as a community and an encyclopedia at [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]. Sporting a tan-coloured skin, TolkienGateway made use of the free [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] software.<ref name="Archive CJB">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In [[February]], Hyarion decide to move the web-hosting of TolkienGateway from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire] to [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint]. By [[August]], Hyarion migrated to the free, and more aesthetically-pleasing, domain of [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk].<ref name="Archive TK">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
====2004====<br />
[[File:TG-logo.gif|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway's original logo]]<br />
On [[6 November|November 6]], Hyarion purchased the domain [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] and begins work on creating a proper wiki. By [[March]] [[2005]], the original TolkienGateway has gone offline so Hyarion can focus on the new website.<ref name="Archive TK"/><br />
<br />
====2005====<br />
In [[January]] [[2005]] Tolkien Gateway's [[Tolkien Gateway:Chat|IRC chat]] was opened; this enabled both Tolkien Gateway editors and users from other websites to congregate in a single place for discussion of their respective websites and the works of Tolkien.<ref name="Chat">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Chat]] (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway's IRC, [irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net], is still in use today.<br />
<br />
After a long hiatus, Tolkien Gateway opened to the public on [[3 June|June 3]] with Hyarion as the sole administrator and bureaucrat. In order for Tolkien Gateway to have a sizeable number of articles ready for its released, many were copied from either [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda] or [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:WikiProject Middle-earth|Wikipedia]]; this has since been criticised by later editors who have struggled to identify and update all such articles.<ref name="Meeting 5Sep">See "[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/5 September 2010#Ideas for Agenda]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Notable editors during this time include [[User:BrightSideoftheDark|BrightSideoftheDark]], [[User:Bokkie|Bokkie]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]], [[User:Gandalf|Gandalf]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2006====<br />
On [[1 January|January 1]] [[2006]] Hyarion opened a second website, [[Tolkien News]], as a another source of information, in competition with [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net], but without the commercial advertising. The website closed in [[2008]].<br />
<br />
Technically, 2006 was a very important year for Tolkien Gateway: it saw the introduction of the fresh Cavendish skin, the creation of a forum for editors to discuss important issues, a community portal, and the ability to embed video. Furthermore, 2006 witnessed impressive growth in page views: from less than 200,000 page views at the start of the year to a million by October, by this point Tolkien Gateway was also witnessing 3,000 pages views per day.<ref name="2006u">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates#2006]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
2006 also witnessed modest growth in members from about 180 at the start of year to 422 at the end of the end of the year.<ref name="April2007"/> Important editors during this time include [[User:Ardamir|Ardamir]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2007====<br />
[[File:TG 2006.png|left|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in July 2006]]Although technically relatively uneventful, [[2007]] saw attempts by Hyarion to increase Tolkien Gateway's user base and reach. In particular, coinciding with the release of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' Hyarion arranged [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] an online gathering of artists, collectors, scholars and fans to celebrate the publication of this fresh story; a record-breaking 69 new users joined Tolkien Gateway in [[April]] 2007 as a result of this.<ref name="April2007">Personal research by [[User:Mith|Mith]]</ref> Coinciding with The Children of Húrin Release Party, Hyarion also introduced [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 a brand new Main Page layout] which still remains the basis for the current [[Main Page]].<br />
<br />
On [[4 October|October 4]], Hyarion introduced interwiki links allowing Tolkien Gateway's English articles to be connected to the fellow wikis [http://ardapedia.herr-der-ringe-film.de/index.php/Hauptseite Ardapedia] (German) and [http://kontu.wiki/Etusivu Kontu] (Finnish).<ref name="Interwiki">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 10-4-07 (accessed [[20 November|November 20]], [[2010]])</ref> Since then, interwiki links have also been expanded to the French website [http://www.tolkiendil.com/encyclo Tolkiendil] and Farsi website [http://wiki.valimar.ir/index.php?title=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C Valimar].<br />
<br />
Influential editors during this period include [[User:Dr Death|Dr Death]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] [[User:Fleela|Fleela]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2008====<br />
[[File:TG 2008.png|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway in June 2008]]<br />
The first major event of [[2008]] was a server move, "''Due to the rapid growth of Tolkien Gateway we will be migrating to a new quad-core server with 8 gigs of RAM.''"<ref name="Updates Move">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 1-29-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway moves server on roughly a year basis every time resulting in considerable downtime and residual problems; this move was no exception!<ref name="Updates" /> The following month, Tolkien Gateway was featured as the Site of the Week for the 8th February on the fan website [http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net]<ref>[http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net] (accessed=21 August 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
On [[30 April|April 30]], [[2008]] the first major extension to the wiki's content was the creation of [http://tolkiengateway.net/map/ a map] which seeks to list all the important locations in the world relevant to Tolkien's life, publications and adaptations.<ref name="Updates Map">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 4-14-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> The expansion of the wiki continues, reaching 7,000 articles by [[12 July|July 12]]<ref name="Updates 7000">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 7-12-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> whilst gaining an extra 366 members over the course of the year, taking the total membership to 788.<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
In the summer, Hyarion revealed to editors that [[Forum:One Wiki Merge|he had been in discussions]] with the the administrators of [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All], the Tolkien encyclopedia of [http://www.wikia.com Wikia], to merge the two sites together. Although the proposal wasn't fully fleshed-out, members of both communities got so far as [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/LOTR:Merge_Vote registering their intention to vote] on the issue before Wikia staff decided they were unwilling to let go of their own site - the merger never took place.<ref name="Merge talk">"[[User talk:Hyarion#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> A happy side-effect, however, is that many One Wiki editors migrated permanently to Tolkien Gateway, including the One Wiki bureaucrat [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]].<ref name="Merge talk2">"[[User talk:Hyarion/Archive 4#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|what a shame. It's almost comical that they ignored the wiki until there were any talks of leaving, at which point they realized they'd be losing money so they now have all of their employees pretending to be active contributors. Anyway, we're moving past it, they are not worth the time|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [http://www.wikia.com Wikia]'s staff attitude towards a merger of Tolkien Gateway and [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All]<ref name="Merge talk2"/>}}<br />
<br />
The second seminal event of 2008 was the introduction of [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings|Meetings]]. The [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008|first meeting]] was held on August 17, 2008; following the first meeting, Tolkien Gateway saw its very first promotion of [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]], an expansion of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]] to focus the activities of members, and a more extensive [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].<ref name="Meeting 1">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Meetings continued on a weekly basis until [[October]].<ref name="Meetings">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
On [[25 August]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] contacted [[TheOneRing.net]] with a proposition that Tolkien Gateway and TheOneRing.net should work in co-operation. The general premise was that the two online Tolkien communities were consubstantial and should, therefore, work together for each other's benefit. The discussion was, at first, progressive; it was mooted that, in effect, Tolkien Gateway would become TheOneRing.net's encyclopaedia, and that TheOneRing.net would become Tolkien Gateway's news portal. However, discussions came to an end because of an apparent bad history between [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], the owner of Tolkien Gateway, and TheOneRing.net. Whilst there was reciprocal praise for the work achieved by both communities, no further discussions took place.<ref>Personal research by [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]]</ref><br />
<br />
Finally, on [[26 August|August 26]], the "Gateway to Ithilien" was made the default skin for Tolkien Gateway, and - with minor alterations - still remains the default skin today.<ref name="Ithilien">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 8-26-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Top contributors during this period include [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Linathiel|Linathiel]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Quidon88|Quidon88]], [[User:Sage|Sage]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], and [[User:Tik|Tik]] as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]]<br />
<br />
====2009====<br />
Apart from another difficult server move,<ref name="SM 2009">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 9-2-09 (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> [[2009]] was a relatively uneventful year for Tolkien Gateway and its editors. Despite this, Tolkien Gateway gained the largest number of editors in any year (481),<ref name="April2007"/> as well as passing the threshold of 8,000 articles.<br />
<br />
Frequent editors of 2009 include: [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Morgan|Morgan]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]], [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]], as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]].<br />
<br />
====2010====<br />
[[File:TG 2010.png|thumb|left|Tolkien Gateway in November 2010]]<br />
[[2010]] started eventfully for Tolkien Gateway as a new editor, [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], including [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] declension templates in the majority of articles - this led to an intense discussion between Gilgamesh on the one hand, and [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] on the other (arguing that their appearance and canonicity were questionable). Eventually, all the templates were removed.<ref name="Quenya Template">"[[Forum:Quenya declension template appearance]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
Despite reaching its fifth birthday (as a wiki) this was left uncelebrated by the editors. Indeed, [[Forum:The future of Tolkien Gateway|some editors expressed disquiet]] about existing technical problems, the paucity of editors and the inactivity of [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] with some editors suggesting that the project should be forked. Following this, Tolkien Gateway witness a re-emergence of its meetings,<ref name="Meetings"/> Hyarion became more active (updating the MediaWiki software), Ederchil was promoted to a bureaucrat and Mith was promoted to administrator/sysop.<ref name="MithPromote">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Requests for adminship/Archive#Mith (28/06/10)]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> It was also at this time that, with great reluctance,<ref name="Reluctance">"[[User talk:Ederchil#Anti-spam strategies]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> that members of the community decided to lock Tolkien Gateway to anonymous editors; this was in order to prevent the large numbers of spammers who were vandalising articles.<ref name="TG lock">"[[Forum:Database Lock]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In the summer of 2010, [http://twitter.com/#!/kriskowal Kris Kowal] from [http://3rin.gs 3rin.gs] added links to Tolkien Gateway - alongside existing ones to [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ the Encyclopedia of Arda] - on his interactive map.<ref name="3rin.gs">"[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0An5phhxDkYDPdFJFdkN3SGhCRDJpanM5YUZFY24tZnc&hl=en&authkey=CJee_rkM#gid=0 References for Middle-earth]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> <br />
<br />
During this time, many key projects were embarked upon by editors: the relatively new editor [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] working on bibliographical information;<ref name="Works">"[[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> Mith working on the [[Timeline]] and years; Ederchil and Mith updated and expanded infoboxes; Mith and [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] trying to remove five-years of redirected links (with the aid of their bots);<ref name="Redirects">"[[Forum:Linking to redirects]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Redirects1">See "[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AlmDTSjnmPrJdDFQSDU2QlMxN2hBYU80ZzVlemttVXc&hl=en_GB&authkey=CJeHxskG#gid=0 Redirects]" for progress (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> KingAragorn re-categorisation all location articles; [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; and [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on video-games articles. Other high-frequency editors include: [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]] and [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], along with the aforementioned [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]] and [[User:Mithbot|Mithbot]].<br />
<br />
====2011====<br />
[[File:TG-2012.png|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in January 2012]]<br />
In November 2011, the esteemed auction firm Bonhams included a reference to the Tolkien Gateway article on [[Przemyslaw Mroczkowski]] in their lot description of a [[Letter to Przemyslaw Mroczkowski (9/10 November 1957)|1957 letter from J.R.R. Tolkien]] to the Polish professor.<ref>[http://bonhams.com/eur/auction/18992/lot/182/ Lot 182] at [http://bonhams.com/ Bonhams.com] (accessed 22 November 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
Key projects in this period included: [[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|"The Countdown to ''The Hobbit'' films"-project]], after suggestion of [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]];<ref>"[[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref><ref>"[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/13 November 2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> the creation of the index namespace and [[Main Page/Development|development]] for a new [[Main Page]] by [[User:Mith|Mith]];<ref>"[[Main Page/Development]] (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] working on technical issues and creating the new "Mithilien" skin; new editor Gamling creating articles for all [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]] and referencing articles; Morgan continuing to work on bibliographic information;<ref name="Works"/> Mith working on [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects#Dates|Dates]]<ref>"[[User talk:Mith/2011#Date restructuring|User talk:Mith/2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> and creating and redesigning several infoboxes; KingAragorn working on locations, images and redesigning the portals;<ref>"[[Forum:Portals]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on gaming-related articles; and [[User:CaptainRolly|CaptainRolly]] working on [[Tolkien Societies]]. Other high-frequency contributors include: [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Grond|Grond]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2012====<br />
<br />
In January [[2012]], news spread about [http://twitter.com/lotrproject Emil Johansson]'s ''[http://lotrproject.com/ The Lord of the Rings Family Tree Project]'' — a genealogy of characters from Tolkien's [[legendarium]], where each character carries a link to the respective Tolkien Gateway article.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/01/23/53027-student-produces-middle-earth-genealogy-site/|articlename=Student produces Middle-earth genealogy site|dated=23 January 2012|website=TORN|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/01/24/lord-of-the-ring-family-tree_n_1227790.html?ref=uk-culture|articlename=King Geek? Lord Of The Rings Super Fan Traces Middle-Earth Family Tree|dated=24 January 2012|website=[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/ ''The Huffington Post'']|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 20 August 2012, [[Shaun Gunner]] ([[User:Mith]]) took part in a panel discussion with [[Corey Olsen]] called 'Lifelong Learning Tolkien: Face-to-face and Online'. Tolkien Gateway was cited has an example of the power of the online Tolkien community, with noted scholar [[Dimitra Fimi]] claiming to be an editor.<ref name="ROTR-Troels">{{webcite|author=Troels Forchhammer|articleurl=http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/ive-been-writing-about-return-of-ring.html|articlename=The Return of the Ring|dated=25 August 2012|website=[http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk Parma-kenta]|accessed=25 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2012, the [[Mythgard Institute]] podcast "[[Riddles in the Dark]]" episode 17, featuring [[Corey Olsen]], Dave Kale, and Trish Lambert as hosts, included a positive mention of articles (particularly [[Radagast]]) on Tolkien Gateway.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.mythgard.org/2012/09/riddles-in-the-dark-17-radagast-the-brown-and-the-movie-app/|articlename=Riddles in the Dark 17: Radagast the Brown and the Movie App|dated=14 September 2012|website=[http://www.mythgard.org/ Mythgard.org]|accessed=16 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 22 November 2012, Tolkienseminariet ("The Tolkien Seminary") in Sweden, with notable members [[Anders Stenström]] and [[Åke Bertenstam]], positively reviewed Tolkien Gateway, saying that since 2003 the wiki "''has grown rapidly and now provides copious and dependable information about Middle-earth and not least about Tolkien's life and writings''"<!-- Translated by User:Morgan -->.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/author/tolkienseminariet/|articlename=<br />
22 november 2012|dated=24 January 2013|website=[http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/ Tolkienseminariet]|accessed=24 January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2013====<br />
In December 2013, surrounding the release of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', a surge in traffic meant that Tolkien Gateway briefly became a top-50,000 website worldwide.<ref name="Alexa"/><br />
<br />
====2014====<br />
<br />
On 18 May 2014, the online version of ''The New York Times'' provided a link to Tolkien Gateway's page about ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', in Ethan Gilsdorf's article "Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’".<ref>{{webcite|author=Ethan Gilsdorf|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/books/jrr-tolkeins-translation-of-beowulf-is-published.html|articlename=Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’|dated=18 May 2014|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ nytimes.com]|accessed=18 May 2014}}</ref> On 21 July 2014, the website Inquisitr referenced Tolkien Gateway's article on the [[Inklings]] in its news story about forthcoming Tolkien biopics.<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.inquisitr.com/ Inquisitr]|articleurl=http://www.inquisitr.com/1363840/movie-in-the-works-about-j-r-r-tolkien-and-c-s-lewis-together/|articlename=Movie In The Works About J.R.R. Tolkien And C.S. Lewis – Together!|dated=21 July 2014|accessed=20 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 7 August 2014, [[Shaun Gunner]], Chairman of [[The Tolkien Society]], made reference to Tolkien Gateway in an interview with [[TheOneRing.net]], saying the website has "transformed the accessibility of Tolkien".<ref>{{webcite|website=TORN|author-Kelvarhin|articlename=TORn talks to Shaun Gunner, Chairman of The Tolkien Society|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2014/08/07/92174-torn-talks-to-shaun-gunner-chairman-of-the-tolkien-society/|dated=7 August 2014|accessed=20 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2016====<br />
<br />
[[Janet Brennan Croft]] includes Tolkien Gateway in her article "Bibliographic Resources for Literature Searches on J.R.R Tolkien", noting that although the website is not mainly intended for academic use, it can be<br />
"''useful for locating the source of a quotation or piece of information within Tolkien's works, or for a brief bibliography of a particular scholar's works''".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Janet Brennan Croft]]|articleurl=http://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol3/iss1/2/|articlename=Bibliographic Resources for Literature Searches on J.R.R Tolkien|dated=2016|website=[http://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/ ''Journal of Tolkien Research'']|accessed=31 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
:''See also: [[wikipedia:Wiki#Trustworthiness|Wiki#Trustworthiness]] and [[wikipedia:Criticism of Wikipedia|Criticism of Wikipedia]] for criticism of wikis in general''<br />
<br />
Like other wikis, Tolkien Gateway has been criticised for the reliability of its information, its lack of sources and the frequency of its revisions. In particular, in the summer of [[2010]], Tolkien Gateway was criticised for confusing the two articles for [[Norman Power]] and [[Joseph Power]]; the prominent scholars [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] said:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|The Tolkien Gateway entry for Norman Power makes a terrible hash of it by conjoining Norman and Joseph. How on earth could the writer think that someone said to be born in 1925 (Joseph) could be a student at Oxford in the late 1930s? [..] Well, call us old-fashioned (we do), and we admit to having only a passing knowledge of the ways of wiki-creation, but it would never occur to us to post a work-in-progress, to be cleaned up by someone else, especially since people often take wiki articles, in any state of completion, as gospel truth.|[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]<ref name="Power">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7238261 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7238261]", dated [[26 July|July 26]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Power2">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7239909 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7239909]", dated [[29 July|July 29]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Despite [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] launching a defence of Tolkien Gateway on The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza, although accepting that Tolkien Gateway was better than other online encyclopaedias, the members generally complained about the unreliability of Tolkien Gateway - and wikis in general - and the ephemeral nature of the Internet, with an agreement that there was a "''distressing lack of sources''".<ref name="Plaza Critic">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=238638 The future of Tolkien knowledge]", dated [[30 July|July 30]] to [[11 August|August 11]] [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The article [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=English_and_Welsh&oldid=105660 English and Welsh] was paraded as a particularly bad example. In response to the criticisms raised, both the "Joseph Power"/"Norman Power" and "[[English and Welsh]]" articles were amended.<ref name="EandW">"[[Talk:English and Welsh]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In a review of Tolkien Gateway, Kristine Kastle claimed that it was only appropriate for the younger reader, it suffered from poor navigation, and the design was basic, lacking colour and that the life was sucked out of it; she gave Tolkien Gateway a score of 1.5 out of 4 which translates as, "''Well now at least the website is recognizable as a website; style is still not pretty much nonexistant.''"<ref name="Kastle">Kristine Kastle on [http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/ Collaborative Web Review], "[http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/3.html Tolkien Gateway Review]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The skin has been updated twice since the review although the navigation system has changed little.<ref name="Updates">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Commenting on Tolkien Gateway, Troels Forchhammer says that "''[i]t suffers from the same problems as any wiki when the subject is one of some fame or notoriety and in particular when the subject lends itself to strongly held opinions''". He also marks that Tolkien Gateway is "''trying to add thorough references to their articles, but has still a way to go''."<ref>[http://users.silenceisdefeat.net/~aft-rabt/links.html The Tolkien Newsgroups' Links Collection], dated 5 August 2008 (accessed 26 April 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
After a suggestion from [[User:Morgan]], [[Hawke Robinson]] and [[Michael Martinez]] discussed Tolkien Gateway on the ''Middle-earth Radio Talk Show'' on [[8 August]] [[2010]]. The radio hosts put forward a "''positive critique''", praising Tolkien Gateway for "''a great effort''", "''a nice layout''", and that the website should be "''recognized for all the work that has gone into this wiki''". However, they also addressed the issue that "''as all wikis, there's always room for improvement''", especially pointing out the need for "''better citation standards''".<ref>[http://middle-earthradio.com/talk-show/Middle-earth-Talk-Radio-Show-0029-2010-08-08.mp3/view Middle-earth Radion Talk Show, Episode 29] (dated 8 August 2010; from ca. 27:50) at [http://middle-earthradio.com/ Middle-earthradio.com]</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Tolkien Gateway:Membership Growth]], for detailed membership statistics and graphs<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
* [http://www.facebook.com/tolkiengateway Tolkien Gateway] on [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://lotr.wikia.com One Wiki to Rule Them All]<br />
* [http://wikiindex.org/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://wikiindex.org/Welcome WikiIndex]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:TolkienGateway&limit=500 Wikipedia articles that link to Tolkien Gateway]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Encyclopedia websites]]<br />
[[Category:Tolkien Gateway| ]]<br />
[[Category:Websites]]<br />
<br />
[[fa:دانشنامه تالکینگیتوی]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway&diff=264711Tolkien Gateway2015-04-05T14:33:20Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>:''This is the encyclopedic article about Tolkien Gateway, for generic help and information see [[Help:Contents]] or [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].''<br />
{{website<br />
| image=<div style="padding-top: 10px;">[[File:tolkiengateway-trans.png|223px]]</div><br />
| URL=http://tolkiengateway.net<br />
| slogan=''the [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] encyclopedia that anyone can edit''<br />
| alexa=[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tolkiengateway.net 132,714]<br />
| commercial=No<br />
| revenue=<br />
| type=Wiki; collaborative encyclopedia<br />
| language=English<br />
| licence=[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html GNU-FDL]<br />
| articlecount={{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}<br />
| registration=Open edit<br />
| owner=[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]<br />
| creator=<br />
| keypeople=[[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]]<br/>[[User:Mith|Mith]]<br/>[[User:Morgan|Morgan]]<br/>(see [[Tolkien Gateway:Top Editors|Top Editors]])<br />
| launch=[[3 June]] [[2005]]<br />
| status=Active<br />
}}'''Tolkien Gateway''' (or simply '''TG''') is a not-for-profit collaborative [[wikipedia:wiki|wiki]] devoted to the [[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|works]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], being the largest Tolkien-related encyclopedia on the [[wikipedia:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]].<ref name="List">"[[List of Tolkien Encyclopedias|List of Tolkien Encyclopedias]]", based on research by [[User:Mith|Mith]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]] [[2010]])</ref> It strives to be the most extensive and complete online resource with content relating not just to the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] but also information on Tolkien-related images, adaptations, people, places, events, societies, and other works of scholarly and academic interest.<br />
<br />
Although still criticised for its "wiki" ethos, Tolkien Gateway's growth and increased scholarship have been lauded by Tolkien scholars in recent years.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet"/> Its increased status has led to greater popularity as Tolkien Gateway is now the second-most popular Tolkien website in the world after [[TheOneRing.net]].<ref name="Alexa">[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tolkiengateway.net Alexa - tolkiengateway.net] (accessed [[25 May]] 2014)</ref> Tolkien Gateway is recognised as one of the world's largest wikis, ranking 422nd in the world by total number of articles and 365th by total number of edits.<ref name="WikiStats">[http://wikistats.wmflabs.org/largest_html.php?s=good_desc&th=10000&lines=750 WikiStats - List of largest MediaWikis] (accessed 6 July 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
Inspired by the release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Tolkien Gateway was founded by [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net], then [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk], before eventually opening up as [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] on [[3 June|June 3]], [[2005]]. Tolkien Gateway uses the same [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki] software as [http://www.wikia.com Wikia] and [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] whilst operating a [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU-FDL] licence. Tolkien Gateway has a [http://wikiindex.org/Category:WikiFactor wikifactor] of 106.<ref>[[wikipedia:WikiFactor|From Wikipedia]]: "The wikiFactor is simply the number of pages in the wiki (wF) that have had more than 1000 times wF visits."</ref><br />
<br />
==Objective==<br />
{{Blockquote|Tolkien Gateway is determined to inform you as much as possible about J.R.R. Tolkien and his masterpieces. Our goal is to have the most complete database about Middle-earth and Tolkien as possible.|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]}}<br />
==History==<br />
===Key dates===<br />
:''See also: [[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]''<br />
<br />
* [[1 January]] [[2003]] - TolkienGateway is created as a [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] website<ref name="About">From "[http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway:About&oldid=57386 Tolkien Gateway: About]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[8 February]] 2003 - TolkienGateway migrated from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire Angelfire.com] to new server at [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint.com]<ref name="About" /><br />
* By [[August]] 2003 - Switched domain from [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] to [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[6 November]] [[2004]] - TolkienGateway.net domain is purchased<ref name="About" /><br />
* In January [[2005]] - We launch our own IRC network for fans of J.R.R. Tolkien<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[3 June]] 2005 - Our wiki project is started<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[1 January]] 2006 - Foundation of [[Tolkien News]]<br />
* [[2 April]] 2006 - Opening of the [[Forum:Council|Forums]]<ref name="Forum Create">"[[Forum:Welcome to the Council forum!]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[14 October]] 2006 - Creation of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]]<br />
* [[16 October]] 2006 - Default skin changed to "Cavendish"<ref name="2006u"/><br />
* [[14 April]] 2007 - New [[Main Page]] design<ref name="Old Main Page">"[http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 Main Page oldid=42029]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[15 April|15]] - [[18 April]] 2007 - [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] hosted by Tolkien Gateway<br />
* [[4 October]] 2007 - the ability to add interwiki links was included<ref name="Interwiki" /><br />
* [[30 April]] 2008 - the [http://tolkiengateway.net/map Map] is created<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* In July, 2008 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 1,000 registers users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 July]] 2008 - Tolkien Gateway passes 7,000 articles<ref name="Updates 7000"/><br />
* [[17 August]] 2008 - [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] is promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]]<ref name="Rights">"[[Special:Log/rights|User Rights Log]]" (accessed [[25 May]] [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[26 August]] 2008 - Default skin changed to "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Ithilien" /><br />
* [[23 June]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway is locked to anonymous editors<ref name="TG lock" /><br />
* [[27 June]] 2010 - Ederchil promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Bureaucrats|bureaucrat]]<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[14 July]] 2010 - [[User:Mith|Mith]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[25 October]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 2,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[16 March]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 9,000 articles<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Default skin changed to "Mithilien", a re-made version of "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 3,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[7 August]] 2011 - After the installation of ConfirmEdit extension anonymous users can again edit the wiki<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[16 July]] 2012 - Tolkien Gateway passes 10,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:10,000 articles]] (accessed [[16 July|July 16]], [[2012]])</ref><br />
* [[26 April]] 2013 - Tolkien Gateway passes 4,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 June]] 2013 - [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[30 April]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 11,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:11,000 articles]] (accessed [[25 May]], [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[16 September]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 5,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
===History by year===<br />
====2003====<br />
Inspired by the recent release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] created TolkienGateway on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as a community and an encyclopedia at [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]. Sporting a tan-coloured skin, TolkienGateway made use of the free [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] software.<ref name="Archive CJB">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In [[February]], Hyarion decide to move the web-hosting of TolkienGateway from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire] to [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint]. By [[August]], Hyarion migrated to the free, and more aesthetically-pleasing, domain of [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk].<ref name="Archive TK">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
====2004====<br />
[[File:TG-logo.gif|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway's original logo]]<br />
On [[6 November|November 6]], Hyarion purchased the domain [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] and begins work on creating a proper wiki. By [[March]] [[2005]], the original TolkienGateway has gone offline so Hyarion can focus on the new website.<ref name="Archive TK"/><br />
<br />
====2005====<br />
In [[January]] [[2005]] Tolkien Gateway's [[Tolkien Gateway:Chat|IRC chat]] was opened; this enabled both Tolkien Gateway editors and users from other websites to congregate in a single place for discussion of their respective websites and the works of Tolkien.<ref name="Chat">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Chat]] (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway's IRC, [irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net], is still in use today.<br />
<br />
After a long hiatus, Tolkien Gateway opened to the public on [[3 June|June 3]] with Hyarion as the sole administrator and bureaucrat. In order for Tolkien Gateway to have a sizeable number of articles ready for its released, many were copied from either [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda] or [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:WikiProject Middle-earth|Wikipedia]]; this has since been criticised by later editors who have struggled to identify and update all such articles.<ref name="Meeting 5Sep">See "[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/5 September 2010#Ideas for Agenda]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Notable editors during this time include [[User:BrightSideoftheDark|BrightSideoftheDark]], [[User:Bokkie|Bokkie]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]], [[User:Gandalf|Gandalf]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2006====<br />
On [[1 January|January 1]] [[2006]] Hyarion opened a second website, [[Tolkien News]], as a another source of information, in competition with [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net], but without the commercial advertising. The website closed in [[2008]].<br />
<br />
Technically, 2006 was a very important year for Tolkien Gateway: it saw the introduction of the fresh Cavendish skin, the creation of a forum for editors to discuss important issues, a community portal, and the ability to embed video. Furthermore, 2006 witnessed impressive growth in page views: from less than 200,000 page views at the start of the year to a million by October, by this point Tolkien Gateway was also witnessing 3,000 pages views per day.<ref name="2006u">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates#2006]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
2006 also witnessed modest growth in members from about 180 at the start of year to 422 at the end of the end of the year.<ref name="April2007"/> Important editors during this time include [[User:Ardamir|Ardamir]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2007====<br />
[[File:TG 2006.png|left|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in July 2006]]Although technically relatively uneventful, [[2007]] saw attempts by Hyarion to increase Tolkien Gateway's user base and reach. In particular, coinciding with the release of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' Hyarion arranged [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] an online gathering of artists, collectors, scholars and fans to celebrate the publication of this fresh story; a record-breaking 69 new users joined Tolkien Gateway in [[April]] 2007 as a result of this.<ref name="April2007">Personal research by [[User:Mith|Mith]]</ref> Coinciding with The Children of Húrin Release Party, Hyarion also introduced [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 a brand new Main Page layout] which still remains the basis for the current [[Main Page]].<br />
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On [[4 October|October 4]], Hyarion introduced interwiki links allowing Tolkien Gateway's English articles to be connected to the fellow wikis [http://ardapedia.herr-der-ringe-film.de/index.php/Hauptseite Ardapedia] (German) and [http://wiki.kontu.info/Etusivu Kontu] (Finnish).<ref name="Interwiki">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 10-4-07 (accessed [[20 November|November 20]], [[2010]])</ref> Since then, interwiki links have also been expanded to the French website [http://www.tolkiendil.com/encyclo Tolkiendil] and Farsi website [http://wiki.valimar.ir/index.php?title=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C Valimar].<br />
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Influential editors during this period include [[User:Dr Death|Dr Death]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] [[User:Fleela|Fleela]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
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====2008====<br />
[[File:TG 2008.png|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway in June 2008]]<br />
The first major event of [[2008]] was a server move, "''Due to the rapid growth of Tolkien Gateway we will be migrating to a new quad-core server with 8 gigs of RAM.''"<ref name="Updates Move">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 1-29-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway moves server on roughly a year basis every time resulting in considerable downtime and residual problems; this move was no exception!<ref name="Updates" /> The following month, Tolkien Gateway was featured as the Site of the Week for the 8th February on the fan website [http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net]<ref>[http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net] (accessed=21 August 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
On [[30 April|April 30]], [[2008]] the first major extension to the wiki's content was the creation of [http://tolkiengateway.net/map/ a map] which seeks to list all the important locations in the world relevant to Tolkien's life, publications and adaptations.<ref name="Updates Map">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 4-14-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> The expansion of the wiki continues, reaching 7,000 articles by [[12 July|July 12]]<ref name="Updates 7000">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 7-12-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> whilst gaining an extra 366 members over the course of the year, taking the total membership to 788.<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
In the summer, Hyarion revealed to editors that [[Forum:One Wiki Merge|he had been in discussions]] with the the administrators of [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All], the Tolkien encyclopedia of [http://www.wikia.com Wikia], to merge the two sites together. Although the proposal wasn't fully fleshed-out, members of both communities got so far as [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/LOTR:Merge_Vote registering their intention to vote] on the issue before Wikia staff decided they were unwilling to let go of their own site - the merger never took place.<ref name="Merge talk">"[[User talk:Hyarion#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> A happy side-effect, however, is that many One Wiki editors migrated permanently to Tolkien Gateway, including the One Wiki bureaucrat [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]].<ref name="Merge talk2">"[[User talk:Hyarion/Archive 4#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|what a shame. It's almost comical that they ignored the wiki until there were any talks of leaving, at which point they realized they'd be losing money so they now have all of their employees pretending to be active contributors. Anyway, we're moving past it, they are not worth the time|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [http://www.wikia.com Wikia]'s staff attitude towards a merger of Tolkien Gateway and [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All]<ref name="Merge talk2"/>}}<br />
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The second seminal event of 2008 was the introduction of [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings|Meetings]]. The [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008|first meeting]] was held on August 17, 2008; following the first meeting, Tolkien Gateway saw its very first promotion of [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]], an expansion of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]] to focus the activities of members, and a more extensive [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].<ref name="Meeting 1">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Meetings continued on a weekly basis until [[October]].<ref name="Meetings">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
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On [[25 August]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] contacted [[TheOneRing.net]] with a proposition that Tolkien Gateway and TheOneRing.net should work in co-operation. The general premise was that the two online Tolkien communities were consubstantial and should, therefore, work together for each other's benefit. The discussion was, at first, progressive; it was mooted that, in effect, Tolkien Gateway would become TheOneRing.net's encyclopaedia, and that TheOneRing.net would become Tolkien Gateway's news portal. However, discussions came to an end because of an apparent bad history between [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], the owner of Tolkien Gateway, and TheOneRing.net. Whilst there was reciprocal praise for the work achieved by both communities, no further discussions took place.<ref>Personal research by [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]]</ref><br />
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Finally, on [[26 August|August 26]], the "Gateway to Ithilien" was made the default skin for Tolkien Gateway, and - with minor alterations - still remains the default skin today.<ref name="Ithilien">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 8-26-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
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Top contributors during this period include [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Linathiel|Linathiel]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Quidon88|Quidon88]], [[User:Sage|Sage]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], and [[User:Tik|Tik]] as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]]<br />
<br />
====2009====<br />
Apart from another difficult server move,<ref name="SM 2009">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 9-2-09 (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> [[2009]] was a relatively uneventful year for Tolkien Gateway and its editors. Despite this, Tolkien Gateway gained the largest number of editors in any year (481),<ref name="April2007"/> as well as passing the threshold of 8,000 articles.<br />
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Frequent editors of 2009 include: [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Morgan|Morgan]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]], [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]], as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]].<br />
<br />
====2010====<br />
[[File:TG 2010.png|thumb|left|Tolkien Gateway in November 2010]]<br />
[[2010]] started eventfully for Tolkien Gateway as a new editor, [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], including [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] declension templates in the majority of articles - this led to an intense discussion between Gilgamesh on the one hand, and [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] on the other (arguing that their appearance and canonicity were questionable). Eventually, all the templates were removed.<ref name="Quenya Template">"[[Forum:Quenya declension template appearance]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], 2010)</ref><br />
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Despite reaching its fifth birthday (as a wiki) this was left uncelebrated by the editors. Indeed, [[Forum:The future of Tolkien Gateway|some editors expressed disquiet]] about existing technical problems, the paucity of editors and the inactivity of [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] with some editors suggesting that the project should be forked. Following this, Tolkien Gateway witness a re-emergence of its meetings,<ref name="Meetings"/> Hyarion became more active (updating the MediaWiki software), Ederchil was promoted to a bureaucrat and Mith was promoted to administrator/sysop.<ref name="MithPromote">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Requests for adminship/Archive#Mith (28/06/10)]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> It was also at this time that, with great reluctance,<ref name="Reluctance">"[[User talk:Ederchil#Anti-spam strategies]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> that members of the community decided to lock Tolkien Gateway to anonymous editors; this was in order to prevent the large numbers of spammers who were vandalising articles.<ref name="TG lock">"[[Forum:Database Lock]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
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In the summer of 2010, [http://twitter.com/#!/kriskowal Kris Kowal] from [http://3rin.gs 3rin.gs] added links to Tolkien Gateway - alongside existing ones to [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ the Encyclopedia of Arda] - on his interactive map.<ref name="3rin.gs">"[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0An5phhxDkYDPdFJFdkN3SGhCRDJpanM5YUZFY24tZnc&hl=en&authkey=CJee_rkM#gid=0 References for Middle-earth]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> <br />
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During this time, many key projects were embarked upon by editors: the relatively new editor [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] working on bibliographical information;<ref name="Works">"[[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> Mith working on the [[Timeline]] and years; Ederchil and Mith updated and expanded infoboxes; Mith and [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] trying to remove five-years of redirected links (with the aid of their bots);<ref name="Redirects">"[[Forum:Linking to redirects]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Redirects1">See "[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AlmDTSjnmPrJdDFQSDU2QlMxN2hBYU80ZzVlemttVXc&hl=en_GB&authkey=CJeHxskG#gid=0 Redirects]" for progress (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> KingAragorn re-categorisation all location articles; [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; and [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on video-games articles. Other high-frequency editors include: [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]] and [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], along with the aforementioned [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]] and [[User:Mithbot|Mithbot]].<br />
<br />
====2011====<br />
[[File:TG-2012.png|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in January 2012]]<br />
In November 2011, the esteemed auction firm Bonhams included a reference to the Tolkien Gateway article on [[Przemyslaw Mroczkowski]] in their lot description of a [[Letter to Przemyslaw Mroczkowski (9/10 November 1957)|1957 letter from J.R.R. Tolkien]] to the Polish professor.<ref>[http://bonhams.com/eur/auction/18992/lot/182/ Lot 182] at [http://bonhams.com/ Bonhams.com] (accessed 22 November 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
Key projects in this period included: [[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|"The Countdown to ''The Hobbit'' films"-project]], after suggestion of [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]];<ref>"[[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref><ref>"[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/13 November 2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> the creation of the index namespace and [[Main Page/Development|development]] for a new [[Main Page]] by [[User:Mith|Mith]];<ref>"[[Main Page/Development]] (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] working on technical issues and creating the new "Mithilien" skin; new editor Gamling creating articles for all [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]] and referencing articles; Morgan continuing to work on bibliographic information;<ref name="Works"/> Mith working on [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects#Dates|Dates]]<ref>"[[User talk:Mith/2011#Date restructuring|User talk:Mith/2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> and creating and redesigning several infoboxes; KingAragorn working on locations, images and redesigning the portals;<ref>"[[Forum:Portals]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on gaming-related articles; and [[User:CaptainRolly|CaptainRolly]] working on [[Tolkien Societies]]. Other high-frequency contributors include: [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Grond|Grond]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2012====<br />
<br />
In January [[2012]], news spread about [http://twitter.com/lotrproject Emil Johansson]'s ''[http://lotrproject.com/ The Lord of the Rings Family Tree Project]'' — a genealogy of characters from Tolkien's [[legendarium]], where each character carries a link to the respective Tolkien Gateway article.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/01/23/53027-student-produces-middle-earth-genealogy-site/|articlename=Student produces Middle-earth genealogy site|dated=23 January 2012|website=TORN|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/01/24/lord-of-the-ring-family-tree_n_1227790.html?ref=uk-culture|articlename=King Geek? Lord Of The Rings Super Fan Traces Middle-Earth Family Tree|dated=24 January 2012|website=[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/ ''The Huffington Post'']|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><br />
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On 20 August 2012, [[Shaun Gunner]] ([[User:Mith]]) took part in a panel discussion with [[Corey Olsen]] called 'Lifelong Learning Tolkien: Face-to-face and Online'. Tolkien Gateway was cited has an example of the power of the online Tolkien community, with noted scholar [[Dimitra Fimi]] claiming to be an editor.<ref name="ROTR-Troels">{{webcite|author=Troels Forchhammer|articleurl=http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/ive-been-writing-about-return-of-ring.html|articlename=The Return of the Ring|dated=25 August 2012|website=[http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk Parma-kenta]|accessed=25 May 2014}}</ref><br />
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In September 2012, the [[Mythgard Institute]] podcast "[[Riddles in the Dark]]" episode 17, featuring [[Corey Olsen]], Dave Kale, and Trish Lambert as hosts, included a positive mention of articles (particularly [[Radagast]]) on Tolkien Gateway.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.mythgard.org/2012/09/riddles-in-the-dark-17-radagast-the-brown-and-the-movie-app/|articlename=Riddles in the Dark 17: Radagast the Brown and the Movie App|dated=14 September 2012|website=[http://www.mythgard.org/ Mythgard.org]|accessed=16 September 2012}}</ref><br />
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On 22 November 2012, Tolkienseminariet ("The Tolkien Seminary") in Sweden, with notable members [[Anders Stenström]] and [[Åke Bertenstam]], positively reviewed Tolkien Gateway, saying that since 2003 the wiki "''has grown rapidly and now provides copious and dependable information about Middle-earth and not least about Tolkien's life and writings''"<!-- Translated by User:Morgan -->.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/author/tolkienseminariet/|articlename=<br />
22 november 2012|dated=24 January 2013|website=[http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/ Tolkienseminariet]|accessed=24 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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====2013====<br />
In December 2013, surrounding the release of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', a surge in traffic meant that Tolkien Gateway briefly became a top-50,000 website worldwide.<ref name="Alexa"/><br />
<br />
====2014====<br />
<br />
On 18 May 2014, the online version of ''The New York Times'' provided a link to Tolkien Gateway's page about ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', in Ethan Gilsdorf's article "Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’".<ref>{{webcite|author=Ethan Gilsdorf|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/books/jrr-tolkeins-translation-of-beowulf-is-published.html|articlename=Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’|dated=18 May 2014|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ nytimes.com]|accessed=18 May 2014}}</ref> On 21 July 2014, the website Inquisitr referenced Tolkien Gateway's article on the [[Inklings]] in its news story about forthcoming Tolkien biopics.<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.inquisitr.com/ Inquisitr]|articleurl=http://www.inquisitr.com/1363840/movie-in-the-works-about-j-r-r-tolkien-and-c-s-lewis-together/|articlename=Movie In The Works About J.R.R. Tolkien And C.S. Lewis – Together!|dated=21 July 2014|accessed=20 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 7 August 2014, [[Shaun Gunner]], Chairman of [[The Tolkien Society]], made reference to Tolkien Gateway in an interview with [[TheOneRing.net]], saying the website has "transformed the accessibility of Tolkien".<ref>{{webcite|website=TORN|author-Kelvarhin|articlename=TORn talks to Shaun Gunner, Chairman of The Tolkien Society|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2014/08/07/92174-torn-talks-to-shaun-gunner-chairman-of-the-tolkien-society/|dated=7 August 2014|accessed=20 August 2013}}</ref><br />
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==Criticism==<br />
:''See also: [[wikipedia:Wiki#Trustworthiness|Wiki#Trustworthiness]] and [[wikipedia:Criticism of Wikipedia|Criticism of Wikipedia]] for criticism of wikis in general''<br />
<br />
Like other wikis, Tolkien Gateway has been criticised for the reliability of its information, its lack of sources and the frequency of its revisions. In particular, in the summer of [[2010]], Tolkien Gateway was criticised for confusing the two articles for [[Norman Power]] and [[Joseph Power]]; the prominent scholars [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] said:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|The Tolkien Gateway entry for Norman Power makes a terrible hash of it by conjoining Norman and Joseph. How on earth could the writer think that someone said to be born in 1925 (Joseph) could be a student at Oxford in the late 1930s? [..] Well, call us old-fashioned (we do), and we admit to having only a passing knowledge of the ways of wiki-creation, but it would never occur to us to post a work-in-progress, to be cleaned up by someone else, especially since people often take wiki articles, in any state of completion, as gospel truth.|[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]<ref name="Power">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7238261 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7238261]", dated [[26 July|July 26]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Power2">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7239909 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7239909]", dated [[29 July|July 29]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref>}}<br />
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Despite [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] launching a defence of Tolkien Gateway on The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza, although accepting that Tolkien Gateway was better than other online encyclopaedias, the members generally complained about the unreliability of Tolkien Gateway - and wikis in general - and the ephemeral nature of the Internet, with an agreement that there was a "''distressing lack of sources''".<ref name="Plaza Critic">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=238638 The future of Tolkien knowledge]", dated [[30 July|July 30]] to [[11 August|August 11]] [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The article [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=English_and_Welsh&oldid=105660 English and Welsh] was paraded as a particularly bad example. In response to the criticisms raised, both the "Joseph Power"/"Norman Power" and "[[English and Welsh]]" articles were amended.<ref name="EandW">"[[Talk:English and Welsh]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In a review of Tolkien Gateway, Kristine Kastle claimed that it was only appropriate for the younger reader, it suffered from poor navigation, and the design was basic, lacking colour and that the life was sucked out of it; she gave Tolkien Gateway a score of 1.5 out of 4 which translates as, "''Well now at least the website is recognizable as a website; style is still not pretty much nonexistant.''"<ref name="Kastle">Kristine Kastle on [http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/ Collaborative Web Review], "[http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/3.html Tolkien Gateway Review]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The skin has been updated twice since the review although the navigation system has changed little.<ref name="Updates">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Commenting on Tolkien Gateway, Troels Forchhammer says that "''[i]t suffers from the same problems as any wiki when the subject is one of some fame or notoriety and in particular when the subject lends itself to strongly held opinions''". He also marks that Tolkien Gateway is "''trying to add thorough references to their articles, but has still a way to go''."<ref>[http://users.silenceisdefeat.net/~aft-rabt/links.html The Tolkien Newsgroups' Links Collection], dated 5 August 2008 (accessed 26 April 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
After a suggestion from [[User:Morgan]], [[Hawke Robinson]] and [[Michael Martinez]] discussed Tolkien Gateway on the ''Middle-earth Radio Talk Show'' on [[8 August]] [[2010]]. The radio hosts put forward a "''positive critique''", praising Tolkien Gateway for "''a great effort''", "''a nice layout''", and that the website should be "''recognized for all the work that has gone into this wiki''". However, they also addressed the issue that "''as all wikis, there's always room for improvement''", especially pointing out the need for "''better citation standards''".<ref>[http://middle-earthradio.com/talk-show/Middle-earth-Talk-Radio-Show-0029-2010-08-08.mp3/view Middle-earth Radion Talk Show, Episode 29] (dated 8 August 2010; from ca. 27:50) at [http://middle-earthradio.com/ Middle-earthradio.com]</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Tolkien Gateway:Membership Growth]], for detailed membership statistics and graphs<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
* [http://www.facebook.com/tolkiengateway Tolkien Gateway] on [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://lotr.wikia.com One Wiki to Rule Them All]<br />
* [http://wikiindex.org/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://wikiindex.org/Welcome WikiIndex]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:TolkienGateway&limit=500 Wikipedia articles that link to Tolkien Gateway]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Encyclopedia websites]]<br />
[[Category:Tolkien Gateway| ]]<br />
[[Category:Websites]]<br />
<br />
[[fa:دانشنامه تالکینگیتوی]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway&diff=263633Tolkien Gateway2015-02-09T23:27:15Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>:''This is the encyclopedic article about Tolkien Gateway, for generic help and information see [[Help:Contents]] or [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].''<br />
{{website<br />
| image=<div style="padding-top: 10px;">[[File:tolkiengateway-trans.png|223px]]</div><br />
| URL=http://tolkiengateway.net<br />
| slogan=''the [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] encyclopedia that anyone can edit''<br />
| alexa=[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tolkiengateway.net 132,714]<br />
| commercial=No<br />
| revenue=<br />
| type=Wiki; collaborative encyclopedia<br />
| language=English<br />
| licence=[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html GNU-FDL]<br />
| articlecount={{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}<br />
| registration=Open edit<br />
| owner=[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]<br />
| creator=<br />
| keypeople=[[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]]<br/>[[User:Mith|Mith]]<br/>[[User:Morgan|Morgan]]<br/>(see [[Tolkien Gateway:Top Editors|Top Editors]])<br />
| launch=[[3 June]] [[2005]]<br />
| status=Active<br />
}}'''Tolkien Gateway''' (or simply '''TG''') is a not-for-profit collaborative [[wikipedia:wiki|wiki]] devoted to the [[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|works]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], being the largest Tolkien-related encyclopedia on the [[wikipedia:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]].<ref name="List">"[[List of Tolkien Encyclopedias|List of Tolkien Encyclopedias]]", based on research by [[User:Mith|Mith]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]] [[2010]])</ref> It strives to be the most extensive and complete online resource with content relating not just to the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] but also information on Tolkien-related images, adaptations, people, places, events, societies, and other works of scholarly and academic interest.<br />
<br />
Although still criticised for its "wiki" ethos, Tolkien Gateway's growth and increased scholarship have been lauded by Tolkien scholars in recent years.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet"/> Its increased status has led to greater popularity as Tolkien Gateway is now the second-most popular Tolkien website in the world after [[TheOneRing.net]].<ref name="Alexa">[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tolkiengateway.net Alexa - tolkiengateway.net] (accessed [[25 May]] 2014)</ref> Tolkien Gateway is recognised as one of the world's largest wikis, ranking 422nd in the world by total number of articles and 365th by total number of edits.<ref name="WikiStats">[http://wikistats.wmflabs.org/largest_html.php?s=good_desc&th=10000&lines=750 WikiStats - List of largest MediaWikis] (accessed 6 July 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
Inspired by the release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Tolkien Gateway was founded by [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net], then [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk], before eventually opening up as [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] on [[3 June|June 3]], [[2005]]. Tolkien Gateway uses the same [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki] software as [http://www.wikia.com Wikia] and [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] whilst operating a [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU-FDL] licence. Tolkien Gateway has a [http://wikiindex.org/Category:WikiFactor wikifactor] of 103.<ref>[[wikipedia:WikiFactor|From Wikipedia]]: "The wikiFactor is simply the number of pages in the wiki (wF) that have had more than 1000 times wF visits."</ref><br />
<br />
==Objective==<br />
{{Blockquote|Tolkien Gateway is determined to inform you as much as possible about J.R.R. Tolkien and his masterpieces. Our goal is to have the most complete database about Middle-earth and Tolkien as possible.|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]}}<br />
==History==<br />
===Key dates===<br />
:''See also: [[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]''<br />
<br />
* [[1 January]] [[2003]] - TolkienGateway is created as a [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] website<ref name="About">From "[http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway:About&oldid=57386 Tolkien Gateway: About]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[8 February]] 2003 - TolkienGateway migrated from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire Angelfire.com] to new server at [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint.com]<ref name="About" /><br />
* By [[August]] 2003 - Switched domain from [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] to [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[6 November]] [[2004]] - TolkienGateway.net domain is purchased<ref name="About" /><br />
* In January [[2005]] - We launch our own IRC network for fans of J.R.R. Tolkien<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[3 June]] 2005 - Our wiki project is started<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[1 January]] 2006 - Foundation of [[Tolkien News]]<br />
* [[2 April]] 2006 - Opening of the [[Forum:Council|Forums]]<ref name="Forum Create">"[[Forum:Welcome to the Council forum!]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[14 October]] 2006 - Creation of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]]<br />
* [[16 October]] 2006 - Default skin changed to "Cavendish"<ref name="2006u"/><br />
* [[14 April]] 2007 - New [[Main Page]] design<ref name="Old Main Page">"[http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 Main Page oldid=42029]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[15 April|15]] - [[18 April]] 2007 - [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] hosted by Tolkien Gateway<br />
* [[4 October]] 2007 - the ability to add interwiki links was included<ref name="Interwiki" /><br />
* [[30 April]] 2008 - the [http://tolkiengateway.net/map Map] is created<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* In July, 2008 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 1,000 registers users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 July]] 2008 - Tolkien Gateway passes 7,000 articles<ref name="Updates 7000"/><br />
* [[17 August]] 2008 - [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] is promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]]<ref name="Rights">"[[Special:Log/rights|User Rights Log]]" (accessed [[25 May]] [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[26 August]] 2008 - Default skin changed to "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Ithilien" /><br />
* [[23 June]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway is locked to anonymous editors<ref name="TG lock" /><br />
* [[27 June]] 2010 - Ederchil promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Bureaucrats|bureaucrat]]<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[14 July]] 2010 - [[User:Mith|Mith]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[25 October]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 2,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[16 March]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 9,000 articles<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Default skin changed to "Mithilien", a re-made version of "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 3,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[7 August]] 2011 - After the installation of ConfirmEdit extension anonymous users can again edit the wiki<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[16 July]] 2012 - Tolkien Gateway passes 10,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:10,000 articles]] (accessed [[16 July|July 16]], [[2012]])</ref><br />
* [[26 April]] 2013 - Tolkien Gateway passes 4,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 June]] 2013 - [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[30 April]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 11,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:11,000 articles]] (accessed [[25 May]], [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[16 September]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 5,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
===History by year===<br />
====2003====<br />
Inspired by the recent release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] created TolkienGateway on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as a community and an encyclopedia at [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]. Sporting a tan-coloured skin, TolkienGateway made use of the free [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] software.<ref name="Archive CJB">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In [[February]], Hyarion decide to move the web-hosting of TolkienGateway from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire] to [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint]. By [[August]], Hyarion migrated to the free, and more aesthetically-pleasing, domain of [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk].<ref name="Archive TK">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
====2004====<br />
[[File:TG-logo.gif|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway's original logo]]<br />
On [[6 November|November 6]], Hyarion purchased the domain [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] and begins work on creating a proper wiki. By [[March]] [[2005]], the original TolkienGateway has gone offline so Hyarion can focus on the new website.<ref name="Archive TK"/><br />
<br />
====2005====<br />
In [[January]] [[2005]] Tolkien Gateway's [[Tolkien Gateway:Chat|IRC chat]] was opened; this enabled both Tolkien Gateway editors and users from other websites to congregate in a single place for discussion of their respective websites and the works of Tolkien.<ref name="Chat">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Chat]] (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway's IRC, [irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net], is still in use today.<br />
<br />
After a long hiatus, Tolkien Gateway opened to the public on [[3 June|June 3]] with Hyarion as the sole administrator and bureaucrat. In order for Tolkien Gateway to have a sizeable number of articles ready for its released, many were copied from either [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda] or [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:WikiProject Middle-earth|Wikipedia]]; this has since been criticised by later editors who have struggled to identify and update all such articles.<ref name="Meeting 5Sep">See "[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/5 September 2010#Ideas for Agenda]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Notable editors during this time include [[User:BrightSideoftheDark|BrightSideoftheDark]], [[User:Bokkie|Bokkie]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]], [[User:Gandalf|Gandalf]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2006====<br />
On [[1 January|January 1]] [[2006]] Hyarion opened a second website, [[Tolkien News]], as a another source of information, in competition with [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net], but without the commercial advertising. The website closed in [[2008]].<br />
<br />
Technically, 2006 was a very important year for Tolkien Gateway: it saw the introduction of the fresh Cavendish skin, the creation of a forum for editors to discuss important issues, a community portal, and the ability to embed video. Furthermore, 2006 witnessed impressive growth in page views: from less than 200,000 page views at the start of the year to a million by October, by this point Tolkien Gateway was also witnessing 3,000 pages views per day.<ref name="2006u">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates#2006]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
2006 also witnessed modest growth in members from about 180 at the start of year to 422 at the end of the end of the year.<ref name="April2007"/> Important editors during this time include [[User:Ardamir|Ardamir]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2007====<br />
[[File:TG 2006.png|left|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in July 2006]]Although technically relatively uneventful, [[2007]] saw attempts by Hyarion to increase Tolkien Gateway's user base and reach. In particular, coinciding with the release of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' Hyarion arranged [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] an online gathering of artists, collectors, scholars and fans to celebrate the publication of this fresh story; a record-breaking 69 new users joined Tolkien Gateway in [[April]] 2007 as a result of this.<ref name="April2007">Personal research by [[User:Mith|Mith]]</ref> Coinciding with The Children of Húrin Release Party, Hyarion also introduced [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 a brand new Main Page layout] which still remains the basis for the current [[Main Page]].<br />
<br />
On [[4 October|October 4]], Hyarion introduced interwiki links allowing Tolkien Gateway's English articles to be connected to the fellow wikis [http://ardapedia.herr-der-ringe-film.de/index.php/Hauptseite Ardapedia] (German) and [http://wiki.kontu.info/Etusivu Kontu] (Finnish).<ref name="Interwiki">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 10-4-07 (accessed [[20 November|November 20]], [[2010]])</ref> Since then, interwiki links have also been expanded to the French website [http://www.tolkiendil.com/encyclo Tolkiendil] and Farsi website [http://wiki.valimar.ir/index.php?title=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C Valimar].<br />
<br />
Influential editors during this period include [[User:Dr Death|Dr Death]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] [[User:Fleela|Fleela]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2008====<br />
[[File:TG 2008.png|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway in June 2008]]<br />
The first major event of [[2008]] was a server move, "''Due to the rapid growth of Tolkien Gateway we will be migrating to a new quad-core server with 8 gigs of RAM.''"<ref name="Updates Move">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 1-29-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway moves server on roughly a year basis every time resulting in considerable downtime and residual problems; this move was no exception!<ref name="Updates" /> The following month, Tolkien Gateway was featured as the Site of the Week for the 8th February on the fan website [http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net]<ref>[http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net] (accessed=21 August 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
On [[30 April|April 30]], [[2008]] the first major extension to the wiki's content was the creation of [http://tolkiengateway.net/map/ a map] which seeks to list all the important locations in the world relevant to Tolkien's life, publications and adaptations.<ref name="Updates Map">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 4-14-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> The expansion of the wiki continues, reaching 7,000 articles by [[12 July|July 12]]<ref name="Updates 7000">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 7-12-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> whilst gaining an extra 366 members over the course of the year, taking the total membership to 788.<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
In the summer, Hyarion revealed to editors that [[Forum:One Wiki Merge|he had been in discussions]] with the the administrators of [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All], the Tolkien encyclopedia of [http://www.wikia.com Wikia], to merge the two sites together. Although the proposal wasn't fully fleshed-out, members of both communities got so far as [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/LOTR:Merge_Vote registering their intention to vote] on the issue before Wikia staff decided they were unwilling to let go of their own site - the merger never took place.<ref name="Merge talk">"[[User talk:Hyarion#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> A happy side-effect, however, is that many One Wiki editors migrated permanently to Tolkien Gateway, including the One Wiki bureaucrat [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]].<ref name="Merge talk2">"[[User talk:Hyarion/Archive 4#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|what a shame. It's almost comical that they ignored the wiki until there were any talks of leaving, at which point they realized they'd be losing money so they now have all of their employees pretending to be active contributors. Anyway, we're moving past it, they are not worth the time|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [http://www.wikia.com Wikia]'s staff attitude towards a merger of Tolkien Gateway and [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All]<ref name="Merge talk2"/>}}<br />
<br />
The second seminal event of 2008 was the introduction of [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings|Meetings]]. The [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008|first meeting]] was held on August 17, 2008; following the first meeting, Tolkien Gateway saw its very first promotion of [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]], an expansion of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]] to focus the activities of members, and a more extensive [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].<ref name="Meeting 1">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Meetings continued on a weekly basis until [[October]].<ref name="Meetings">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
On [[25 August]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] contacted [[TheOneRing.net]] with a proposition that Tolkien Gateway and TheOneRing.net should work in co-operation. The general premise was that the two online Tolkien communities were consubstantial and should, therefore, work together for each other's benefit. The discussion was, at first, progressive; it was mooted that, in effect, Tolkien Gateway would become TheOneRing.net's encyclopaedia, and that TheOneRing.net would become Tolkien Gateway's news portal. However, discussions came to an end because of an apparent bad history between [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], the owner of Tolkien Gateway, and TheOneRing.net. Whilst there was reciprocal praise for the work achieved by both communities, no further discussions took place.<ref>Personal research by [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]]</ref><br />
<br />
Finally, on [[26 August|August 26]], the "Gateway to Ithilien" was made the default skin for Tolkien Gateway, and - with minor alterations - still remains the default skin today.<ref name="Ithilien">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 8-26-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Top contributors during this period include [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Linathiel|Linathiel]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Quidon88|Quidon88]], [[User:Sage|Sage]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], and [[User:Tik|Tik]] as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]]<br />
<br />
====2009====<br />
Apart from another difficult server move,<ref name="SM 2009">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 9-2-09 (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> [[2009]] was a relatively uneventful year for Tolkien Gateway and its editors. Despite this, Tolkien Gateway gained the largest number of editors in any year (481),<ref name="April2007"/> as well as passing the threshold of 8,000 articles.<br />
<br />
Frequent editors of 2009 include: [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Morgan|Morgan]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]], [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]], as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]].<br />
<br />
====2010====<br />
[[File:TG 2010.png|thumb|left|Tolkien Gateway in November 2010]]<br />
[[2010]] started eventfully for Tolkien Gateway as a new editor, [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], including [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] declension templates in the majority of articles - this led to an intense discussion between Gilgamesh on the one hand, and [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] on the other (arguing that their appearance and canonicity were questionable). Eventually, all the templates were removed.<ref name="Quenya Template">"[[Forum:Quenya declension template appearance]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
Despite reaching its fifth birthday (as a wiki) this was left uncelebrated by the editors. Indeed, [[Forum:The future of Tolkien Gateway|some editors expressed disquiet]] about existing technical problems, the paucity of editors and the inactivity of [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] with some editors suggesting that the project should be forked. Following this, Tolkien Gateway witness a re-emergence of its meetings,<ref name="Meetings"/> Hyarion became more active (updating the MediaWiki software), Ederchil was promoted to a bureaucrat and Mith was promoted to administrator/sysop.<ref name="MithPromote">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Requests for adminship/Archive#Mith (28/06/10)]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> It was also at this time that, with great reluctance,<ref name="Reluctance">"[[User talk:Ederchil#Anti-spam strategies]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> that members of the community decided to lock Tolkien Gateway to anonymous editors; this was in order to prevent the large numbers of spammers who were vandalising articles.<ref name="TG lock">"[[Forum:Database Lock]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In the summer of 2010, [http://twitter.com/#!/kriskowal Kris Kowal] from [http://3rin.gs 3rin.gs] added links to Tolkien Gateway - alongside existing ones to [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ the Encyclopedia of Arda] - on his interactive map.<ref name="3rin.gs">"[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0An5phhxDkYDPdFJFdkN3SGhCRDJpanM5YUZFY24tZnc&hl=en&authkey=CJee_rkM#gid=0 References for Middle-earth]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> <br />
<br />
During this time, many key projects were embarked upon by editors: the relatively new editor [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] working on bibliographical information;<ref name="Works">"[[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> Mith working on the [[Timeline]] and years; Ederchil and Mith updated and expanded infoboxes; Mith and [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] trying to remove five-years of redirected links (with the aid of their bots);<ref name="Redirects">"[[Forum:Linking to redirects]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Redirects1">See "[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AlmDTSjnmPrJdDFQSDU2QlMxN2hBYU80ZzVlemttVXc&hl=en_GB&authkey=CJeHxskG#gid=0 Redirects]" for progress (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> KingAragorn re-categorisation all location articles; [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; and [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on video-games articles. Other high-frequency editors include: [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]] and [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], along with the aforementioned [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]] and [[User:Mithbot|Mithbot]].<br />
<br />
====2011====<br />
[[File:TG-2012.png|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in January 2012]]<br />
In November 2011, the esteemed auction firm Bonhams included a reference to the Tolkien Gateway article on [[Przemyslaw Mroczkowski]] in their lot description of a [[Letter to Przemyslaw Mroczkowski (9/10 November 1957)|1957 letter from J.R.R. Tolkien]] to the Polish professor.<ref>[http://bonhams.com/eur/auction/18992/lot/182/ Lot 182] at [http://bonhams.com/ Bonhams.com] (accessed 22 November 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
Key projects in this period included: [[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|"The Countdown to ''The Hobbit'' films"-project]], after suggestion of [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]];<ref>"[[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref><ref>"[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/13 November 2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> the creation of the index namespace and [[Main Page/Development|development]] for a new [[Main Page]] by [[User:Mith|Mith]];<ref>"[[Main Page/Development]] (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] working on technical issues and creating the new "Mithilien" skin; new editor Gamling creating articles for all [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]] and referencing articles; Morgan continuing to work on bibliographic information;<ref name="Works"/> Mith working on [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects#Dates|Dates]]<ref>"[[User talk:Mith/2011#Date restructuring|User talk:Mith/2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> and creating and redesigning several infoboxes; KingAragorn working on locations, images and redesigning the portals;<ref>"[[Forum:Portals]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on gaming-related articles; and [[User:CaptainRolly|CaptainRolly]] working on [[Tolkien Societies]]. Other high-frequency contributors include: [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Grond|Grond]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2012====<br />
<br />
In January [[2012]], news spread about [http://twitter.com/lotrproject Emil Johansson]'s ''[http://lotrproject.com/ The Lord of the Rings Family Tree Project]'' — a genealogy of characters from Tolkien's [[legendarium]], where each character carries a link to the respective Tolkien Gateway article.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/01/23/53027-student-produces-middle-earth-genealogy-site/|articlename=Student produces Middle-earth genealogy site|dated=23 January 2012|website=TORN|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/01/24/lord-of-the-ring-family-tree_n_1227790.html?ref=uk-culture|articlename=King Geek? Lord Of The Rings Super Fan Traces Middle-Earth Family Tree|dated=24 January 2012|website=[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/ ''The Huffington Post'']|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 20 August 2012, [[Shaun Gunner]] ([[User:Mith]]) took part in a panel discussion with [[Corey Olsen]] called 'Lifelong Learning Tolkien: Face-to-face and Online'. Tolkien Gateway was cited has an example of the power of the online Tolkien community, with noted scholar [[Dimitra Fimi]] claiming to be an editor.<ref name="ROTR-Troels">{{webcite|author=Troels Forchhammer|articleurl=http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/ive-been-writing-about-return-of-ring.html|articlename=The Return of the Ring|dated=25 August 2012|website=[http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk Parma-kenta]|accessed=25 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2012, the [[Mythgard Institute]] podcast "[[Riddles in the Dark]]" episode 17, featuring [[Corey Olsen]], Dave Kale, and Trish Lambert as hosts, included a positive mention of articles (particularly [[Radagast]]) on Tolkien Gateway.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.mythgard.org/2012/09/riddles-in-the-dark-17-radagast-the-brown-and-the-movie-app/|articlename=Riddles in the Dark 17: Radagast the Brown and the Movie App|dated=14 September 2012|website=[http://www.mythgard.org/ Mythgard.org]|accessed=16 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 22 November 2012, Tolkienseminariet ("The Tolkien Seminary") in Sweden, with notable members [[Anders Stenström]] and [[Åke Bertenstam]], positively reviewed Tolkien Gateway, saying that since 2003 the wiki "''has grown rapidly and now provides copious and dependable information about Middle-earth and not least about Tolkien's life and writings''"<!-- Translated by User:Morgan -->.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/author/tolkienseminariet/|articlename=<br />
22 november 2012|dated=24 January 2013|website=[http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/ Tolkienseminariet]|accessed=24 January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2013====<br />
In December 2013, surrounding the release of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', a surge in traffic meant that Tolkien Gateway briefly became a top-50,000 website worldwide.<ref name="Alexa"/><br />
<br />
====2014====<br />
<br />
On 18 May 2014, the online version of ''The New York Times'' provided a link to Tolkien Gateway's page about ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', in Ethan Gilsdorf's article "Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’".<ref>{{webcite|author=Ethan Gilsdorf|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/books/jrr-tolkeins-translation-of-beowulf-is-published.html|articlename=Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’|dated=18 May 2014|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ nytimes.com]|accessed=18 May 2014}}</ref> On 21 July 2014, the website Inquisitr referenced Tolkien Gateway's article on the [[Inklings]] in its news story about forthcoming Tolkien biopics.<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.inquisitr.com/ Inquisitr]|articleurl=http://www.inquisitr.com/1363840/movie-in-the-works-about-j-r-r-tolkien-and-c-s-lewis-together/|articlename=Movie In The Works About J.R.R. Tolkien And C.S. Lewis – Together!|dated=21 July 2014|accessed=20 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 7 August 2014, [[Shaun Gunner]], Chairman of [[The Tolkien Society]], made reference to Tolkien Gateway in an interview with [[TheOneRing.net]], saying the website has "transformed the accessibility of Tolkien".<ref>{{webcite|website=TORN|author-Kelvarhin|articlename=TORn talks to Shaun Gunner, Chairman of The Tolkien Society|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2014/08/07/92174-torn-talks-to-shaun-gunner-chairman-of-the-tolkien-society/|dated=7 August 2014|accessed=20 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
:''See also: [[wikipedia:Wiki#Trustworthiness|Wiki#Trustworthiness]] and [[wikipedia:Criticism of Wikipedia|Criticism of Wikipedia]] for criticism of wikis in general''<br />
<br />
Like other wikis, Tolkien Gateway has been criticised for the reliability of its information, its lack of sources and the frequency of its revisions. In particular, in the summer of [[2010]], Tolkien Gateway was criticised for confusing the two articles for [[Norman Power]] and [[Joseph Power]]; the prominent scholars [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] said:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|The Tolkien Gateway entry for Norman Power makes a terrible hash of it by conjoining Norman and Joseph. How on earth could the writer think that someone said to be born in 1925 (Joseph) could be a student at Oxford in the late 1930s? [..] Well, call us old-fashioned (we do), and we admit to having only a passing knowledge of the ways of wiki-creation, but it would never occur to us to post a work-in-progress, to be cleaned up by someone else, especially since people often take wiki articles, in any state of completion, as gospel truth.|[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]<ref name="Power">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7238261 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7238261]", dated [[26 July|July 26]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Power2">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7239909 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7239909]", dated [[29 July|July 29]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Despite [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] launching a defence of Tolkien Gateway on The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza, although accepting that Tolkien Gateway was better than other online encyclopaedias, the members generally complained about the unreliability of Tolkien Gateway - and wikis in general - and the ephemeral nature of the Internet, with an agreement that there was a "''distressing lack of sources''".<ref name="Plaza Critic">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=238638 The future of Tolkien knowledge]", dated [[30 July|July 30]] to [[11 August|August 11]] [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The article [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=English_and_Welsh&oldid=105660 English and Welsh] was paraded as a particularly bad example. In response to the criticisms raised, both the "Joseph Power"/"Norman Power" and "[[English and Welsh]]" articles were amended.<ref name="EandW">"[[Talk:English and Welsh]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In a review of Tolkien Gateway, Kristine Kastle claimed that it was only appropriate for the younger reader, it suffered from poor navigation, and the design was basic, lacking colour and that the life was sucked out of it; she gave Tolkien Gateway a score of 1.5 out of 4 which translates as, "''Well now at least the website is recognizable as a website; style is still not pretty much nonexistant.''"<ref name="Kastle">Kristine Kastle on [http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/ Collaborative Web Review], "[http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/3.html Tolkien Gateway Review]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The skin has been updated twice since the review although the navigation system has changed little.<ref name="Updates">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Commenting on Tolkien Gateway, Troels Forchhammer says that "''[i]t suffers from the same problems as any wiki when the subject is one of some fame or notoriety and in particular when the subject lends itself to strongly held opinions''". He also marks that Tolkien Gateway is "''trying to add thorough references to their articles, but has still a way to go''."<ref>[http://users.silenceisdefeat.net/~aft-rabt/links.html The Tolkien Newsgroups' Links Collection], dated 5 August 2008 (accessed 26 April 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
After a suggestion from [[User:Morgan]], [[Hawke Robinson]] and [[Michael Martinez]] discussed Tolkien Gateway on the ''Middle-earth Radio Talk Show'' on [[8 August]] [[2010]]. The radio hosts put forward a "''positive critique''", praising Tolkien Gateway for "''a great effort''", "''a nice layout''", and that the website should be "''recognized for all the work that has gone into this wiki''". However, they also addressed the issue that "''as all wikis, there's always room for improvement''", especially pointing out the need for "''better citation standards''".<ref>[http://middle-earthradio.com/talk-show/Middle-earth-Talk-Radio-Show-0029-2010-08-08.mp3/view Middle-earth Radion Talk Show, Episode 29] (dated 8 August 2010; from ca. 27:50) at [http://middle-earthradio.com/ Middle-earthradio.com]</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Tolkien Gateway:Membership Growth]], for detailed membership statistics and graphs<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
* [http://www.facebook.com/tolkiengateway Tolkien Gateway] on [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://lotr.wikia.com One Wiki to Rule Them All]<br />
* [http://wikiindex.org/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://wikiindex.org/Welcome WikiIndex]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:TolkienGateway&limit=500 Wikipedia articles that link to Tolkien Gateway]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Encyclopedia websites]]<br />
[[Category:Tolkien Gateway| ]]<br />
[[Category:Websites]]<br />
<br />
[[fa:دانشنامه تالکینگیتوی]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey&diff=263626The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey2015-02-09T14:54:10Z<p>Amroth: Fixing code</p>
<hr />
<div>{{film infobox<br />
| image=[[File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 1.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''<br />
| director=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="HBTitles">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563|articlename=Titles and Release Dates Announced|dated=31-May-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br/>[[Andy Serkis]] (Second Unit Director)<ref name="HBAndy"><br />
{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2234|articlename=Andy Serkis to serve as Second Unit Director|dated=8-April-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
| producer=Peter Jackson<br/>[[Fran Walsh]]<br/>[[Carolynne Cunningham]]<br/>[[Philippa Boyens]] (Co-Producer)<br/>[[Ken Kamins]] (Executive Producer)<br/>[[Zane Weiner]] (Executive Producer)<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| writer=[[Guillermo del Toro]]<br/>Peter Jackson<br/>Fran Walsh<br/>Philippa Boyens<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| narrator=<br />
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]]<br/>[[Ian McKellen]]<br/>[[Richard Armitage]]<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br/>''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey#Confirmed cast|See cast section below for more]]''<br />
| music=[[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/><br />
| cinematography=[[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/><br />
| editing=<br />
| studio=[[New Line Cinema]]<br/>[[MGM]]<br/>[[WingNut Films]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| distributor=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| released=[[28 November]] [[2012]] <small>(worldwide première)</small><br/>[[14 December]] [[2012]] <small>(North America)</small><ref name="HBTitles2">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/the-hobbit-trilogy-titles-and-release-dates/|articlename=The Hobbit Trilogy titles and release dates|dated=2-September-2012|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=2-September-2012}}</ref><br />
| runtime=169 minutes<br />
| country=[[New Zealand]]<br/>[[United Kingdom]]<br/>[[United States]]<br />
| language=English<br />
| budget= <br />
| website=[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com]<br />
| imdb_id=0903624<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''''' is the first of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film trilogy]] based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[1937]] novel ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It was released on [[14 December]] [[2012]] in North America. It was followed by ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|The Desolation of Smaug]]'' in [[2013]] and by ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' in [[2014]].<br />
<br />
==Synopsis==<br />
{{Blockquote|The adventure follows the journey of title character Bilbo Baggins, who is swept into an epic quest to reclaim the lost Dwarf Kingdom of Erebor from the fearsome dragon Smaug. Approached out of the blue by the wizard Gandalf the Grey, Bilbo finds himself joining a company of thirteen dwarves led by the legendary warrior, Thorin Oakenshield. Their journey will take them into the Wild; through treacherous lands swarming with Goblins and Orcs, deadly Wargs and Giant Spiders, Shapeshifters and Sorcerers.<br/><br/><br />
''Although their goal lies to the East and the wastelands of the Lonely Mountain first they must escape the goblin tunnels, where Bilbo meets the creature that will change his life forever... Gollum. Here, alone with Gollum, on the shores of an underground lake, the unassuming Bilbo Baggins not only discovers depths of guile and courage that surprise even him, he also gains possession of Gollum's "precious" ring that holds unexpected and useful qualities... A simple, gold ring that is tied to the fate of all Middle-earth in ways Bilbo cannot begin to know.|[[Warner Bros.]] Press Release<ref name="WBPressRelease1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.warnerbros.com/movies/in-theaters-coming-soon/the-hobbit-an-unexpected-journey/c36f51cb-9332-4db9-b297-458453025455.html|articlename=THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY|website=[http://www.warnerbros.com/ Warner Bros.]|accessed=19-November-2012}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
On his eleventy-first (111th) birthday, the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]] decides to write down the full story of the adventure he took 60 years before for his nephew [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. Bilbo writes about how, prior to his own actual involvement, the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] [[Thrór]] was [[King under the Mountain|king]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and brought an era of prosperity to his [[Dwarves of Erebor|kin]] until the arrival of [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]]. Drawn by the amount of [[gold]] that the Dwarves have amassed, Smaug destroyed the nearby town of [[Dale]] before driving the Dwarves out of Erebor. Thrór's grandson, [[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]], sees King [[Thranduil]] and his [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]] on a nearby hillside and is dismayed to find them taking their leave rather than aiding his people. This makes Thorin develop an everlasting hatred of [[Elves]]. <br />
<br />
Following this, Bilbo is tricked by the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] the Grey into hosting a party for Thorin and his [[Thorin and Company|band of Dwarves]], which doubles as Bilbo's recruitment as the Dwarves' "burglar" to help them recover their treasure and their home from Smaug. Bilbo reluctantly joins the company on their journey to the Lonely Mountain, Thorin previously believing he would refuse. The group is captured by 3 Mountain [[Trolls]], [[Tom]], [[Bert]], and [[William]], but Bilbo is able to stall the Trolls from eating them until dawn, when Gandalf saves the company by exposing the Trolls to sunlight, turning them into stone. They search the Trolls' [[Troll's Cave|cave]] and find treasure and Elven blades. Thorin and Gandalf each take an Elf-wrought blade -- [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]], respectively. Gandalf also finds an Elven short-sword, later to be known as [[Sting]], which he gives to Bilbo. Being Elven blades of the [[First Age]], Gandalf says they glow when near [[Orcs]] or [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]]. However, only Sting actually does so. <br />
<br />
The group encounters [[Radagast]] the Brown, a Wizard who lives in the forest of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood]]. He tells them of a strange presence he encountered at [[Dol Guldur]] and how it is poisoning the forest. The group is then chased by Orcs on [[Wargs]], with Radagast drawing them off with his [[Rhosgobel]] Rabbits-pulled sled. Gandalf leads them through a stone passage to [[Rivendell]] as the Wargs and Orcs above are slain by Elven riders. [[Elrond]] discloses the [[Thrór's Map|map]]'s indication of a [[Back Door|secret]] door that will be visible only on [[Durin's Day]]. Gandalf talks with the [[White Council]] (Elrond, [[Galadriel]], and [[Saruman|Saruman the White]]) about his involvement with the Dwarves, explaining the presence Radagast encountered and expresses mild suspicion that this Necromancer is the [[Sauron|Dark Lord]]. The others are skeptical, believing Sauron to have been defeated forever, and that this Necromancer is not a true threat. Elsewhere, at [[Weathertop]], [[Yazneg]], the leader of the attacking Orc party, reports back to his master [[Azog]] of his failure, who then kills the unfortunate Orc. Azog then issues a bounty upon Thorin's head, and races off with the rest of his party. <br />
<br />
Against the Council's wishes, Gandalf sends Bilbo and the Dwarves toward the [[Misty Mountains]]. While passing through the mountains, Bilbo and the Dwarves encounter a battle between three stone [[giants]], and are forced to take refuge in a cave. Elsewhere, Azog and his Orcs follow the Dwarves' trail to the Misty Mountains. While the company sleeps, Bilbo decides to leave and return to Rivendell after talking to [[Bofur]], who believes in him. He is overheard by Thorin, who believes he has been proven right that the hobbit is not up to the quest. But before Bilbo can leave, they are all captured by Goblins and taken to their leader, the [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]. Gandalf arrives and saves the Dwarves from the Goblins. They then fight their way out of [[Goblin-town]], killing the Goblin King during their escape. Bilbo was separated from the Dwarves right after their capture and encounters [[Gollum]], who accidentally drops a mysterious [[The One Ring|ring]] while killing a stray Goblin to feed on. Picking up the ring and placing it in his pocket, Bilbo finds himself confronted by Gollum. They play a [[Riddle-game]], wagering that Bilbo will be shown the way out if he wins, or eaten by Gollum if he loses. After Bilbo wins by asking Gollum what he has in his pocket, Gollum realizes Bilbo has stolen the ring and attacks him. Bilbo discovers the ring grants him invisibility and evades a furious Gollum, following him to find the way out and deciding out of pity not to kill him, despite having the chance to do so.<br />
<br />
Bilbo rejoins the group once he sees them after hearing Thorin voice his doubts he will return, keeping the ring he found secret. The moment of triumph is cut short as they are ambushed by Azog and his hunting party. After taking refuge in cliffside trees before the Wargs uproot most of them, the final tree is partially uprooted, leaving most of the Company hanging over the cliffside. Thorin then charges Azog in an attempt to save the others, but is badly wounded and knocked to the ground. Bilbo defends Thorin from being killed, and as Azog's other Orcs move in, [[Fíli]], [[Kíli]] and [[Dwalin]] rush in and attack them, and a fight ensues. The group is then saved by [[Eagles]], who fly them to safety on the [[Carrock]]. Gandalf wakes the unconscious Thorin, who finally accepts Bilbo for his courage and bravery. As the party sees the destiny of their journey, the Lonely Mountain in the distance, Smaug awakens.<br />
<br />
===Scenes===<br />
# [[Prologue: The Fall of Erebor]] **<br />
# [["In a Hole in the Ground There Lived a Hobbit"]]<br />
# [[Very Old Friends (The Hobbit scene)|Very Old Friends]]<br />
# [[Mr. Baggins (scene)|Mr. Baggins]] *<br />
# [[An Unexpected Party (scene)|An Unexpected Party]]<br />
# [[Blunt the Knives (scene)|"Blunt the Knives"]] **<br />
# [[A Map, a Key and a Contract]]<br />
# [[Misty Mountains (scene)|"Misty Mountains"]]<br />
# [["... The World Ahead"]]<br />
# [[The Battle of Azanulbizar]]<br />
# [[Radagast the Brown (scene)|Radagast the Brown]]<br />
# [[Trollshaws (scene)|Trollshaws]]<br />
# [[Roast Mutton (scene)|Roast Mutton]]<br />
# [[A Troll-hoard (scene)|A Troll-hoard]]<br />
# [[The Hill of Sorcery (scene)|The Hill of Sorcery]]<br />
# [[Warg-scouts]]<br />
# [[Rivendell (The Hobbit scene)|Rivendell]] **<br />
# [[A Short Rest (scene)|A Short Rest]] **<br />
# [[Moon Runes (scene)|Moon Runes]]<br />
# [[The Defiler (scene)|The Defiler]]<br />
# [[The Last Homely House]] *<br />
# [[The White Council (scene)|The White Council]] **<br />
# [["Why the Halfling?"]]<br />
# [[Over Hill (scene)|Over Hill]]<br />
# [[Under Hill (scene)|Under Hill]]<br />
# [[The Great Goblin (scene)|The Great Goblin]] **<br />
# [[Riddles in the Dark (scene)|Riddles in the Dark]]<br />
# [[Biter and Beater]]<br />
# [[The Ring (scene)|The Ring]]<br />
# [[Escape from Goblin-town]]<br />
# [[The Pity of Bilbo]]<br />
# [["Home Is Behind..."]]<br />
# [[Out of the Frying Pan...]]<br />
# [[A Good Omen (scene)|A Good Omen]]<br />
# Credits<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes a scene only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br /><br />
<nowiki>**</nowiki> denotes a scene which includes extended content only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Seealso|The Hobbit (film series)#People involved}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"<br />
! Actor !! Role<br />
|-<br />
| Ruby Acevedo || Cute young Hobbit ([[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] only)<br />
|-<br />
| Barbara Allen || Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Frazer Anderson || Moria Orc<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide">[[Brian Sibley]], ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Official Movie Guide]]'' (2012)</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Erin Banks || [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Timothy Bartlett]] || [[Master Worrywort]]<br />
|-<br />
| Joel Baxendale || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Manu Bennett]] || [[Azog]]<br />
|-<br />
| Jennifer Betham-Lang || Dwarf Civilian<br />
|-<br />
| Jared Blakiston || Musical Elf<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cate Blanchett]] || [[Galadriel]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Glenn Boswell || Dwarf miner<br />
|-<br />
| Shane Boulton || Rivendell Court Elf</br>Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Jessica Buckham || Dale Child<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Luc Campbell || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Melanie Carrington || Musical Elf<br />
|-<br />
| Brendan Casey || Thranduil's lieutenant<br />
|-<br />
| Renee Cataldo || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Marty Christopher || Dwarf Warrior<br />
|-<br />
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || The [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]<br/>[[Smaug]]<br />
|-<br />
| Joan Dawe || Hobbit<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dave Dyer]] || Dwarf of Erebor<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Girion]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Megan Fairweather || Dwarf trader<br />
|-<br />
| Andrew Fitzsimons || Elf<br />
|-<br />
| Sonia Forbes-Adam || [[Belladonna Took|Belladonna Baggins]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Ben Fransham || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Stephen Gledhill || [[Old Gammidge]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Tim Gordon || [[Old Hob]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br/>[[Bert]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Zackary Hajek || Dale Citizen<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br/>[[William]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| George Harach || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Rose Harnett || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Jamie Harrison || Moria Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Rebekah Hart || Dwarf trader<br />
|-<br />
| Luke Hawker || Goblins (voice)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dan Hennah]] || The [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]]<ref name="Weta1">[[Daniel Falconer]], ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Art & Design]]'', p. 30</ref> (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Allan Henry || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Christian Hipolito || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ian Holm]] || Older [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Brian Hotter || [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Barry Humphries]] || [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Katie Jackson]] || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Jackson]] || Erebor Dwarf refugee<br />
|-<br />
| Cameron Jones || Thranduil's lieutenant<br />
|-<br />
| Tim Jones || Dwarf guard<br />
|-<br />
| Paul Kingdom || Dwarf Civilian<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br/>[[Tom]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Christopher Lee]] || [[Saruman|Saruman the White]]<br />
|-<br />
| Eloise Masters || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Eva Matthews || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Ollie Matthews || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast|Radagast the Brown]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Rose McGhie || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bret McKenzie]] || [[Lindir]]<br />
|-<br />
| Tim McLachlan || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Honor McTavish || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Nathan Meister || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Joseph Mika-Hunt || Moria Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Isaac Miller || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Ravi Narayan || Goblin brute</br>Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Mary Nesbitt || Girl of Dale<br />
|-<br />
| Peggy Nesbitt || Girl of Dale<br />
|-<br />
| Terry Notary || [[Yazneg]] (pick-up shots)<br>[[Great Goblin|Goblin King]] (motion capture around the body)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dean O'Gorman]]<ref group="note">Rob Kazinsky was initially cast as [[Fíli]]. (see: {{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150239464391558|articlename=Casting news!|dated=30-April-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref> || [[Fíli]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Ella Olssen || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jabez Olssen]] || Erebor Dwarf refugee<br />
|-<br />
| Sabin Olssen || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<br />
|-<br />
| Findlay Price || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| John Rawls || [[Yazneg]]<br />
|-<br />
| Thomas Rimmer || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thomas Robins]] || Young [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Gabrielle Roque López || Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Nancy Ruck || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Andy Serkis]] || [[Gollum]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Louis Serkis || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Ruby Serkis || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Sonny Serkis || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kiran Shah]] || [[Goblin Scribe]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jamie W.R. Smith]] || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Merv Smith || [[Tosser Grubb]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Oscar Strik || Young [[Bilbo Baggins]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Conan Stevens]]<ref group="note">[[Conan Stevens]] was initially cast as [[Azog]]. (see: {{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150257180211558|articlename=Casting News for The Hobbit|dated=19-May-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}).</ref> || [[Bolg]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Amelia Taylor || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Samuel Taylor || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jeffrey Thomas]] || [[Thrór]]<br />
|-<br />
| James Trevena-Brown || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Mark Trotter || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Ure]] || [[Fimbul]]</br>[[Grinnah]]<br />
|-<br />
| Eric Vespe || [[Fredegar Chubb]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Ruby Vincent || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Terry Vincent || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Hayden Weal || Dwarf holding gems<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hugo Weaving]] || [[Elrond]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| James Wells || Dwarf blacksmith<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Whiteside]] || Dwarf guard<br />
|-<br />
| [[Elijah Wood]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| John Wraight || Dwarf guard<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Deviations from the source material==<br />
''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' covers the first six chapters of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' with a few elements added from the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. While it follows the story quite closely, a number of liberties were still taken:<br />
<br />
*The film begins with a prologue in which [[Bilbo Baggins]] awakens in the early hours of the morning of his 111th birthday on [[22 September]] {{TA|3001}} and begins to write ''There and Back Again: A Hobbit's Holiday'' in what would become the [[Red Book of Westmarch]]. In The Hobbit, he had already begun to write the book shortly after returning to [[Bag End]]. <br />
*Before beginning the first chapter of his book, Bilbo also details the background of his adventure, first recounting the rise and fall of [[Erebor]] and [[Dale]], and then the arrival of [[Smaug]] {{TA|2770}} - much of the same information recounted by [[Thorin]] and the other Dwarves during the Unexpected Party. The [[Arkenstone]] is found under [[Thrór]]'s rule instead of that of [[Thráin I]] and is not carried away into the [[Grey Mountains]] by [[Thorin I]] in {{TA|2210}} and carried back by Thrór {{TA|2590}}. Thrór interprets its discovery as his divine right to rule. Thorin II and [[Balin]] are shown as adults although they are in the book at the time the dragon came a mere 24 and 7 years old. Thorin is even shown as a captain giving orders, and thus not outside the mountain during the attack of the dragon, as written in the book. <br />
*A long-standing feud between the Dwarves of Erebor and the [[Elves]] was invented for the film, beginning with Thrór's refusal to give [[Thranduil]] a payment of gems (seen only in the Extended Edition), and fully manifesting when Thranduil then brings his Elf Army to Erebor when Smaug is sacking it, only to then turn around and leave, offering no aid to the battling and fleeing Dwarves. <br />
*Elijah Wood also appears briefly as [[Frodo Baggins]] toward the end of the prologue, whereas the character does not appear at all in the book. However, his appearance is purely a cameo as the set-up for the beginning of ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'', where Bilbo is also seen writing his book the day of his Farewell Party, and Frodo leaving to await [[Gandalf]]'s arrival. <br />
*The Dwarves do not quite arrive at Bag End in the same manner (first [[Dwalin]], then Balin, then both [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], and then [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Dori]], [[Nori]], [[Ori]], [[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], and [[Bombur]] all at once with Gandalf; Thorin arrives significantly later) and they do not have so many instruments and multi-colored hoods or beards as they did in the book. Furthermore Gandalf has a grey hat instead of a blue one and his beard is grey, not white, as described in the book.<br />
*The dwarves arrive at the evening, not afternoon and only get a supper, no cake.<br />
*Dwalin says "[Thorin] travelled North to a meeting of our kin" and asks later if [[Dáin Ironfoot]] would be with them, in the books is no hint that there had been a meeting or that Daín had been asked for helping Thorin. Also the information that "The Dragon Smaug has not been seen for 60 years" isn't mentioned in [[Tolkien]]'s history.<br />
*The morning after the Unexpected Party, Gandalf is not there to force Bilbo to go, but Bilbo is alone and himself excited about "going on an adventure" rather than initially reluctant. Unlike the books, where Gandalf essentially railroads Bilbo into going along with it, in the movie, he persuades Bilbo to live up to and take pride in the legacy of Bagginses as unconventional [[Hobbit]]s. <br />
*Bilbo finds the dwarves in the wood instead of first reading their letter saying he shall meet them in the [[Green Dragon]] in [[Bywater]].<br />
*Bilbo was shown to be allergic to horses. <br />
*The dwarves bet if Bilbo will follow them or not.<br />
*The time of 171 years between the Sack in {{TA|2770}} and the [[Quest of Erebor]] in {{TA|2941}} has been somewhat reduced and compressed for these films.<br />
*The War of the Dwarves and Orcs in {{TA|2793}}-{{TA|2799|t}} is condensed into just the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] of {{TA|2799}} (recounted by Balin in a flashback, and also referred to as the Battle of [[Moria]] throughout the trilogy), where Thrór leads an army of Dwarves against an army of Orcs in an attempt to reclaim Moria as their home not long after the Sack of Erebor. Thrór is decapitated by [[Azog]] during the battle instead of prior to it {{TA|2790}} (which was the actual reason for the war), and Thorin cuts off Azog's left forearm, while Dáin Ironfoot (who ultimately kills Azog during the battle in the books) does not appear at all in the sequence. <br />
*Two [[Orc]]s watch the Company resting and many will pursue them later on their whole journey. The leader of the Orc pack is revealed to be Azog, who has survived the Battle of Azanulbizar in these films (his left forearm replaced by a spike with a claw at the end) and appears as an additional antagonist who wants to kill Thorin (he had "sworn to wipe out the line of Durin."). Therefore almost all the pursuits of orcs in the trilogy are invented for the films and only one of them appears in the book.<br />
*All the Orcs speak [[Black Speech]]. In ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]'' and in all the books the Orcs speak predominaltly [[Westron]].<br />
*Gandalf tells Bilbo about the five [[Wizards]] introducing Radagast the Brown who is only ever briefly mentioned in the books. He is first seen discovering a darkness growing in [[Greenwood the Great]]. Here the timeframe of the movie is shortened very much, too, for the first shadow fell on the Greenwood around Third Age 1000, 1900 years before the main events. After having his home ambushed by spiders, warding them off and curing a hedgehog from witchcraft, he follows the spider's path to [[Dol Guldur]] where he encounters a [[Necromancer]] and the [[Witch-king of Angmar]], with whom he briefly duels and from whom he takes its Morgul blade. In contrast, Tolkien never wrote of these incidents.<br />
*Bilbo goes to the [[Trolls]] because they steal the Dwarves' [[ponies]]. <br />
*Bilbo is caught by the Trolls attempting to steal [[Tom]]'s knife to set the stolen ponies free rather than being given away by [[William]]'s "talking" purse. <br />
*While Bilbo does manage to set the ponies free during the Company's skirmish with the Trolls, it is the last they see of them. In the book, the Company had the ponies until reaching the cave in the [[Misty Mountains]]. <br />
*The Dwarves surrender when the Trolls catch Bilbo and threaten to rip him apart instead of being overpowered and popped into bags. <br />
*Bilbo - not Gandalf - stalls the Trolls until dawn's arrival in the film. They are turned to stone when Gandalf exposes them to the sun upon his return by breaking a large boulder behind them in half with his staff. <br />
*The Trolls' cave is wide open, and there is no locked door blocking it. <br />
*In the book, Bilbo finds [[Sting]] and takes it. In the film, Gandalf comes upon it and gives it to Bilbo. <br />
*The group is attacked by a pack of the Orc [[Warg]] Riders on the way to Rivendell just after the Trolls sequence in the film, where Radagast aids the Dwarves in escaping the Orcs near [[Rivendell]] by diverting their attention on his rabbit-pulled sled, which did not happen in the book (as most of the orc-pursuits). <br />
*In the film's Extended Edition, Bofur gets up and sings "[[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]" while the Company is dining with the Elves in Rivendell, and the other Dwarves join him. This song does not appear until ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', where Frodo sings it at [[The Prancing Pony]]. <br />
*Also in the Extended Edition, Kíli is shown to somewhat fancy female Elves. Tolkien never alluded to any Dwarves in [[Middle-earth]] having any romantic interest in someone of another race.<br />
*The second storyline is mainly took from the ''Appendices of The Lord of the Rings'' and its timeframe is shortened very much, too: [[Elrond]]refers during the session of [[White Council]] to the [[Watchful Peace]] {{TA|2063}}-{{TA|2460|t}} by saying "For four hundred years we have lived in peace." At the start of the peace, Dol Guldur's growing power was already feared to be [[Sauron]]'s doing. Also, in the movie Elrond calls the Watchful Peace “hard-won” which isn't really correct because the Appendices tell that in {{TA|2063}} Gandalf only "goes" to Dol Guldur whereupon the shadow retreats, thus there can be no talk of a hard-won peace. While in the movie the Council still argues, Gandalf and [[Galadriel]] anxious, [[Saruman]] appeasing, in Tolkien's writings Gandalf had already confirmed {{TA|2851}} that the Necromancer was Sauron and was at Dol Guldur, and Saruman had discovered two years before the Events in ''The Hobbit'' that Sauron had learned of [[Isildur]]'s loss of the One Ring at the [[Gladden Fields]] by the river [[Anduin]] and his servants were searching the area (though he did not inform the Council of this discovery).<br />
*The White Council is described as having more members than depicted in the film.<br />
*Also at the White Council meeting, Galadriel relates how the Witch-king of Angmar, after his defeat near [[Fornost]], had been killed and sealed in a tomb in the HighFells of [[Rhudaur]] that could not be opened. This is a significant departure from Tolkien's writings, in which the Witch-king had not died, but fled. In {{TA|1974}} [[Glorfindel]] had stopped pursuit of the Witch-king and prophesied, "Do not pursue him! He will not return to these lands. Far off yet is his doom, and not by the hand of man will he fall." Furthermore, per Tolkien, the White Council knew the Witch-king had not been killed because he and the rest of the [[Nazgûl]] had previously been fighting with [[Gondor]] and had captured (and presumably killed) the last King of Gondor at Minas Morgul in {{TA|2050}}, long after he had fled the North. The High Fells of Rhudaur and the Story of the Morgul Blade are invented for the film.<br />
*Gandalf stays with the White Council and the dwarves leave Rivendell in secret (although Gandalf knows this), partly because the Council (expecially Saruman) doesn't endorse the Quest, while in the books the Council never is concerned with it. In the book Gandalf accompanies the dwarves until the cave and follows them afterwards secretly to the Big Cavern of [[Goblin-town]].<br />
*When travelling along the mountain pass in the book, Bilbo and the Dwarves observe the stone Giants hurling rocks at a distance, "across the valley," whereas in the film they become unwittingly involved when the mountainside on which they are standing comes to life and joins in the "thunder battle". <br />
*In the movie, after Thorin has shown his dislike against Bilbo several times, in the Goblin cave Bilbo finally wants to go home but Bofur tries to persuade him to stay.<br />
*It was Bilbo who alerted the party when the trap doors in the Goblin cave open in the book. In the film, Bofur recognizes Sting gleaming blue and the other Dwarves realize the danger just as the ground gives way and they begin to fall into the hole. <br />
*In the book, the Goblins only had tunnels, not rope bridges. <br />
*Bilbo's encounter with [[Gollum]] in the book occurs after he is lost during the Company's escape from Goblin-town, whereas here it happens concurrently with the Dwarves' audience with the Goblin King (due to Bilbo's eluding captivity from the Goblins and falling down a chasm during the struggle with one of them). <br />
*In the books Fíli and Kíli are said to be the youngest, but in the movie, the [[Great Goblin]] points out Ori as the youngest.<br />
*In the book, Bilbo finds the One Ring by chance when his hand happens to fall upon it as he is crawling through one of the dark Goblin-town tunnels, well before he comes across Gollum. In this film, he sees Gollum fighting with the same Goblin with whom he fell down the chasm, and then we see the Ring fall out of Gollum's loincloth during the tussle. After Gollum drags off the Goblin's body, Bilbo then goes over, picks it up, examines it, and puts it in his pocket. The scene is quite different from the one in the Prologue of the movie ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', even without the different actors.<br />
*Gollum has nine teeth in the film, rather than six. <br />
*Some of the riddles are omitted in the movie.<br />
*It isn't made clear that the company spends several days under the Mountains. In general in the trilogy it isn't mentioned how long all the journeys last. For example, Bilbo finds the company immediately after leaving the caverns, in the books he looks for them much longer. <br />
*The dwarves get trapped by wargs and orcs not on a clearing, but at a cliff with all trees falling until all the company sits on one tree hanging over the cliff, falling almost to their deaths.<br />
*Bilbo and some of the Dwarves do not come down from the fir trees and charge the Goblins and Wargs in the book once they've been trapped in them. Of course Azog isn't there, too, pursuing especially for Thorin. Thus Bilbo doen't save his life by fighting the orc trying to decapitate Thorin.<br />
*As in the movie ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', Gandalf sends for the [[Eagles]] by catching a moth and giving it a message. In the book, the Eagles see the fire in the distance and fly over to investigate, and, thus, their rescue of the Company was mostly coincidence. <br />
*As in ''The Lord of the Rings'' films, the Eagles do not speak. <br />
*The Eagles take the Company directly to the [[Carrock]], bypassing the Eyrie. <br />
*The movie features a final reconciliation between Thorin and Bilbo, after Thorin's heavy resentment against Bilbo at the [[Trollshaws]], after the Thunder Battle and the Leaving of the Misty Mountains. In ''[[The Quest for Erebor]]'' Gandalf says that Thorin's disfavour against Bilbo was stronger than he showed openly.<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The score for ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' was composed by [[Howard Shore]], and was performed and recorded by the London Philharmonic Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios.<ref name="DougAdamsAUJ">{{webcite|author=[[Doug Adams]]|articleurl=http://www.musicoflotr.com/2012/11/the-hobbit-unexpected-journey.html|articlename=The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Soundtrack Album Coming December 11|dated=1-November-2012|website=[http://www.musicoflotr.com Doug Adam's Blog]|accessed=20-November-2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Two editions of the soundtrack was released by [[Wikipedia:WaterTower Music|WaterTower Music]] on [[11 December]] [[2012]]:<br />
*''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''<br />
*''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition]]''<br />
<br />
The song featured in the credits to ''An Unexpected Journey'', [[Song of the Lonely Mountain]], was performed by [[Neil Finn]] and released [[12 November]] [[2012]]. It was first [http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/neil-finn-reaches-epic-heights-on-song-of-the-lonely-mountain-song-premiere-20121112 released on RollingStone.com].<ref name="">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/neil-finn-reaches-epic-heights-on-song-of-the-lonely-mountain-song-premiere-20121112|articlename=Neil Finn Reaches Epic Heights on 'Song of the Lonely Mountain' – Song Premiere|dated=12-November-2012|website=[http://www.rollingstone.com/ RollingStone.com]|accessed=20-November-2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
===Theatrical release===<br />
''An Unexpected Journey'' had its world première in [[Wellington]], [[New Zealand]], on [[28 November]] [[2012]]. The film was released in cinemas in New Zealand on [[12 December]], [[13 December]] in Europe, [[14 December]] in India, Canada and United States, and [[26 December]] in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Home media===<br />
''An Unexpected Journey'' was released on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and as a digital download on [[19 March]] [[2013]].<ref name="UKDVD">{{webcite|author=lilymilos|articleurl=http://news.mymiddleearth.com/2013/02/06/sneak-peek-of-desolation-of-smaug-on-hobbit-blu-ray/|articlename=Sneak Peek of ‘Desolation of Smaug’ on Hobbit Blu-ray|dated=6-Feb-2013|website=MEN|accessed=9-Feb-2013}}</ref> The release date in the [[United Kingdom]] was [[8 April]].<ref name="UKDVD">{{webcite|author=Arwen|articleurl=http://news.mymiddleearth.com/2013/02/06/uk-hobbit-fans-to-wait-until-april-8th-for-blu-ray-blu-ray-dvd-and-digital-download-release/|articlename=UK Hobbit Fans to Wait Until April 8th for Blu-ray, DVD and Digital Download Release|dated=6-Feb-2013|website=MEN|accessed=9-Feb-2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
An extended edition of ''An Unexpected Journey'' includes an additional thirteen minutes of footage. It was be released in the UK on digital download on [[22 October]] and on Blu-ray and DVD on [[4 November]].<ref name="ExtendedEdition">{{webcite|author=Orlando Parfitt|articleurl=http://uk.movies.yahoo.com/the-hobbit--an-unexpected-journey-deleted-scene--exclusive--065952595.html|articlename=The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Extended Edition deleted scene (Exclusive)|dated=31-July-2013|website=[http://uk.movies.yahoo.com/ Yahoo Movies]|accessed=19-Aug-2013}}</ref><br />
<!--<br />
==Response===<br />
''An Unexpected Journey'' was met with a mixed response from film critics. Many thought it too slow.--><br />
<br />
==Promotion==<br />
===Promotional posters===<br />
{{Seealso|:Category:Images of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey posters}}<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Promotional posters for ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''<br />
|height=300<br />
|width=200<br />
|lines=1<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 1.jpg|The first promotional poster.<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 2.jpg|The second promotional poster.<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 3.jpg|The third promotional poster.<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 4.jpg|The fourth promotional poster.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Trailers===<br />
{{VideosHD|9PSXjr1gbjc|SDnYMbYB-nU}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|The Desolation of Smaug]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]''<br />
*[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|Images from ''An Unexpected Journey'']]<br />
*[[:Category:Images of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey posters|''An Unexpected Journey'' posters]]<br />
*''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' soundtrack<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition]]''<br />
*''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' tie-in books:<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Annual 2013]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Art & Design]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Creatures & Characters]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Official Movie Guide]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: The Movie Storybook]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: The World of Hobbits]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Visual Companion]]''<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com] (official website)<br />
*[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com] (official blog)<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ Peter Jackson's Facebook page]<br />
<br />
{{References|n}}<br />
<br />
{{Films}}<br />
<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
[[Category:The Hobbit (film series)| ]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey&diff=263625The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey2015-02-09T14:52:07Z<p>Amroth: /* =Promotion */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{film infobox<br />
| image=[[File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 1.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''<br />
| director=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="HBTitles">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563|articlename=Titles and Release Dates Announced|dated=31-May-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br/>[[Andy Serkis]] (Second Unit Director)<ref name="HBAndy"><br />
{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2234|articlename=Andy Serkis to serve as Second Unit Director|dated=8-April-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
| producer=Peter Jackson<br/>[[Fran Walsh]]<br/>[[Carolynne Cunningham]]<br/>[[Philippa Boyens]] (Co-Producer)<br/>[[Ken Kamins]] (Executive Producer)<br/>[[Zane Weiner]] (Executive Producer)<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| writer=[[Guillermo del Toro]]<br/>Peter Jackson<br/>Fran Walsh<br/>Philippa Boyens<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| narrator=<br />
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]]<br/>[[Ian McKellen]]<br/>[[Richard Armitage]]<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br/>''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey#Confirmed cast|See cast section below for more]]''<br />
| music=[[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/><br />
| cinematography=[[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/><br />
| editing=<br />
| studio=[[New Line Cinema]]<br/>[[MGM]]<br/>[[WingNut Films]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| distributor=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| released=[[28 November]] [[2012]] <small>(worldwide première)</small><br/>[[14 December]] [[2012]] <small>(North America)</small><ref name="HBTitles2">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/the-hobbit-trilogy-titles-and-release-dates/|articlename=The Hobbit Trilogy titles and release dates|dated=2-September-2012|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=2-September-2012}}</ref><br />
| runtime=169 minutes<br />
| country=[[New Zealand]]<br/>[[United Kingdom]]<br/>[[United States]]<br />
| language=English<br />
| budget= <br />
| website=[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com]<br />
| imdb_id=0903624<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''''' is the first of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film trilogy]] based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[1937]] novel ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It was released on [[14 December]] [[2012]] in North America. It was followed by ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|The Desolation of Smaug]]'' in [[2013]] and by ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' in [[2014]].<br />
<br />
==Synopsis==<br />
{{Blockquote|The adventure follows the journey of title character Bilbo Baggins, who is swept into an epic quest to reclaim the lost Dwarf Kingdom of Erebor from the fearsome dragon Smaug. Approached out of the blue by the wizard Gandalf the Grey, Bilbo finds himself joining a company of thirteen dwarves led by the legendary warrior, Thorin Oakenshield. Their journey will take them into the Wild; through treacherous lands swarming with Goblins and Orcs, deadly Wargs and Giant Spiders, Shapeshifters and Sorcerers.<br/><br/><br />
''Although their goal lies to the East and the wastelands of the Lonely Mountain first they must escape the goblin tunnels, where Bilbo meets the creature that will change his life forever... Gollum. Here, alone with Gollum, on the shores of an underground lake, the unassuming Bilbo Baggins not only discovers depths of guile and courage that surprise even him, he also gains possession of Gollum's "precious" ring that holds unexpected and useful qualities... A simple, gold ring that is tied to the fate of all Middle-earth in ways Bilbo cannot begin to know.|[[Warner Bros.]] Press Release<ref name="WBPressRelease1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.warnerbros.com/movies/in-theaters-coming-soon/the-hobbit-an-unexpected-journey/c36f51cb-9332-4db9-b297-458453025455.html|articlename=THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY|website=[http://www.warnerbros.com/ Warner Bros.]|accessed=19-November-2012}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
On his eleventy-first (111th) birthday, the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]] decides to write down the full story of the adventure he took 60 years before for his nephew [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. Bilbo writes about how, prior to his own actual involvement, the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] [[Thrór]] was [[King under the Mountain|king]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and brought an era of prosperity to his [[Dwarves of Erebor|kin]] until the arrival of [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]]. Drawn by the amount of [[gold]] that the Dwarves have amassed, Smaug destroyed the nearby town of [[Dale]] before driving the Dwarves out of Erebor. Thrór's grandson, [[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]], sees King [[Thranduil]] and his [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]] on a nearby hillside and is dismayed to find them taking their leave rather than aiding his people. This makes Thorin develop an everlasting hatred of [[Elves]]. <br />
<br />
Following this, Bilbo is tricked by the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] the Grey into hosting a party for Thorin and his [[Thorin and Company|band of Dwarves]], which doubles as Bilbo's recruitment as the Dwarves' "burglar" to help them recover their treasure and their home from Smaug. Bilbo reluctantly joins the company on their journey to the Lonely Mountain, Thorin previously believing he would refuse. The group is captured by 3 Mountain [[Trolls]], [[Tom]], [[Bert]], and [[William]], but Bilbo is able to stall the Trolls from eating them until dawn, when Gandalf saves the company by exposing the Trolls to sunlight, turning them into stone. They search the Trolls' [[Troll's Cave|cave]] and find treasure and Elven blades. Thorin and Gandalf each take an Elf-wrought blade -- [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]], respectively. Gandalf also finds an Elven short-sword, later to be known as [[Sting]], which he gives to Bilbo. Being Elven blades of the [[First Age]], Gandalf says they glow when near [[Orcs]] or [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]]. However, only Sting actually does so. <br />
<br />
The group encounters [[Radagast]] the Brown, a Wizard who lives in the forest of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood]]. He tells them of a strange presence he encountered at [[Dol Guldur]] and how it is poisoning the forest. The group is then chased by Orcs on [[Wargs]], with Radagast drawing them off with his [[Rhosgobel]] Rabbits-pulled sled. Gandalf leads them through a stone passage to [[Rivendell]] as the Wargs and Orcs above are slain by Elven riders. [[Elrond]] discloses the [[Thrór's Map|map]]'s indication of a [[Back Door|secret]] door that will be visible only on [[Durin's Day]]. Gandalf talks with the [[White Council]] (Elrond, [[Galadriel]], and [[Saruman|Saruman the White]]) about his involvement with the Dwarves, explaining the presence Radagast encountered and expresses mild suspicion that this Necromancer is the [[Sauron|Dark Lord]]. The others are skeptical, believing Sauron to have been defeated forever, and that this Necromancer is not a true threat. Elsewhere, at [[Weathertop]], [[Yazneg]], the leader of the attacking Orc party, reports back to his master [[Azog]] of his failure, who then kills the unfortunate Orc. Azog then issues a bounty upon Thorin's head, and races off with the rest of his party. <br />
<br />
Against the Council's wishes, Gandalf sends Bilbo and the Dwarves toward the [[Misty Mountains]]. While passing through the mountains, Bilbo and the Dwarves encounter a battle between three stone [[giants]], and are forced to take refuge in a cave. Elsewhere, Azog and his Orcs follow the Dwarves' trail to the Misty Mountains. While the company sleeps, Bilbo decides to leave and return to Rivendell after talking to [[Bofur]], who believes in him. He is overheard by Thorin, who believes he has been proven right that the hobbit is not up to the quest. But before Bilbo can leave, they are all captured by Goblins and taken to their leader, the [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]. Gandalf arrives and saves the Dwarves from the Goblins. They then fight their way out of [[Goblin-town]], killing the Goblin King during their escape. Bilbo was separated from the Dwarves right after their capture and encounters [[Gollum]], who accidentally drops a mysterious [[The One Ring|ring]] while killing a stray Goblin to feed on. Picking up the ring and placing it in his pocket, Bilbo finds himself confronted by Gollum. They play a [[Riddle-game]], wagering that Bilbo will be shown the way out if he wins, or eaten by Gollum if he loses. After Bilbo wins by asking Gollum what he has in his pocket, Gollum realizes Bilbo has stolen the ring and attacks him. Bilbo discovers the ring grants him invisibility and evades a furious Gollum, following him to find the way out and deciding out of pity not to kill him, despite having the chance to do so.<br />
<br />
Bilbo rejoins the group once he sees them after hearing Thorin voice his doubts he will return, keeping the ring he found secret. The moment of triumph is cut short as they are ambushed by Azog and his hunting party. After taking refuge in cliffside trees before the Wargs uproot most of them, the final tree is partially uprooted, leaving most of the Company hanging over the cliffside. Thorin then charges Azog in an attempt to save the others, but is badly wounded and knocked to the ground. Bilbo defends Thorin from being killed, and as Azog's other Orcs move in, [[Fíli]], [[Kíli]] and [[Dwalin]] rush in and attack them, and a fight ensues. The group is then saved by [[Eagles]], who fly them to safety on the [[Carrock]]. Gandalf wakes the unconscious Thorin, who finally accepts Bilbo for his courage and bravery. As the party sees the destiny of their journey, the Lonely Mountain in the distance, Smaug awakens.<br />
<br />
===Scenes===<br />
# [[Prologue: The Fall of Erebor]] **<br />
# [["In a Hole in the Ground There Lived a Hobbit"]]<br />
# [[Very Old Friends (The Hobbit scene)|Very Old Friends]]<br />
# [[Mr. Baggins (scene)|Mr. Baggins]] *<br />
# [[An Unexpected Party (scene)|An Unexpected Party]]<br />
# [[Blunt the Knives (scene)|"Blunt the Knives"]] **<br />
# [[A Map, a Key and a Contract]]<br />
# [[Misty Mountains (scene)|"Misty Mountains"]]<br />
# [["... The World Ahead"]]<br />
# [[The Battle of Azanulbizar]]<br />
# [[Radagast the Brown (scene)|Radagast the Brown]]<br />
# [[Trollshaws (scene)|Trollshaws]]<br />
# [[Roast Mutton (scene)|Roast Mutton]]<br />
# [[A Troll-hoard (scene)|A Troll-hoard]]<br />
# [[The Hill of Sorcery (scene)|The Hill of Sorcery]]<br />
# [[Warg-scouts]]<br />
# [[Rivendell (The Hobbit scene)|Rivendell]] **<br />
# [[A Short Rest (scene)|A Short Rest]] **<br />
# [[Moon Runes (scene)|Moon Runes]]<br />
# [[The Defiler (scene)|The Defiler]]<br />
# [[The Last Homely House]] *<br />
# [[The White Council (scene)|The White Council]] **<br />
# [["Why the Halfling?"]]<br />
# [[Over Hill (scene)|Over Hill]]<br />
# [[Under Hill (scene)|Under Hill]]<br />
# [[The Great Goblin (scene)|The Great Goblin]] **<br />
# [[Riddles in the Dark (scene)|Riddles in the Dark]]<br />
# [[Biter and Beater]]<br />
# [[The Ring (scene)|The Ring]]<br />
# [[Escape from Goblin-town]]<br />
# [[The Pity of Bilbo]]<br />
# [["Home Is Behind..."]]<br />
# [[Out of the Frying Pan...]]<br />
# [[A Good Omen (scene)|A Good Omen]]<br />
# Credits<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes a scene only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br /><br />
<nowiki>**</nowiki> denotes a scene which includes extended content only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Seealso|The Hobbit (film series)#People involved}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"<br />
! Actor !! Role<br />
|-<br />
| Ruby Acevedo || Cute young Hobbit ([[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] only)<br />
|-<br />
| Barbara Allen || Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Frazer Anderson || Moria Orc<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide">[[Brian Sibley]], ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Official Movie Guide]]'' (2012)</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Erin Banks || [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Timothy Bartlett]] || [[Master Worrywort]]<br />
|-<br />
| Joel Baxendale || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Manu Bennett]] || [[Azog]]<br />
|-<br />
| Jennifer Betham-Lang || Dwarf Civilian<br />
|-<br />
| Jared Blakiston || Musical Elf<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cate Blanchett]] || [[Galadriel]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Glenn Boswell || Dwarf miner<br />
|-<br />
| Shane Boulton || Rivendell Court Elf</br>Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Jessica Buckham || Dale Child<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Luc Campbell || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Melanie Carrington || Musical Elf<br />
|-<br />
| Brendan Casey || Thranduil's lieutenant<br />
|-<br />
| Renee Cataldo || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Marty Christopher || Dwarf Warrior<br />
|-<br />
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || The [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]<br/>[[Smaug]]<br />
|-<br />
| Joan Dawe || Hobbit<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dave Dyer]] || Dwarf of Erebor<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Girion]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Megan Fairweather || Dwarf trader<br />
|-<br />
| Andrew Fitzsimons || Elf<br />
|-<br />
| Sonia Forbes-Adam || [[Belladonna Took|Belladonna Baggins]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Ben Fransham || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Stephen Gledhill || [[Old Gammidge]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Tim Gordon || [[Old Hob]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br/>[[Bert]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Zackary Hajek || Dale Citizen<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br/>[[William]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| George Harach || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Rose Harnett || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Jamie Harrison || Moria Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Rebekah Hart || Dwarf trader<br />
|-<br />
| Luke Hawker || Goblins (voice)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dan Hennah]] || The [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]]<ref name="Weta1">[[Daniel Falconer]], ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Art & Design]]'', p. 30</ref> (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Allan Henry || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Christian Hipolito || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ian Holm]] || Older [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Brian Hotter || [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Barry Humphries]] || [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Katie Jackson]] || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Jackson]] || Erebor Dwarf refugee<br />
|-<br />
| Cameron Jones || Thranduil's lieutenant<br />
|-<br />
| Tim Jones || Dwarf guard<br />
|-<br />
| Paul Kingdom || Dwarf Civilian<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br/>[[Tom]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Christopher Lee]] || [[Saruman|Saruman the White]]<br />
|-<br />
| Eloise Masters || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Eva Matthews || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Ollie Matthews || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast|Radagast the Brown]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Rose McGhie || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bret McKenzie]] || [[Lindir]]<br />
|-<br />
| Tim McLachlan || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Honor McTavish || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Nathan Meister || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Joseph Mika-Hunt || Moria Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Isaac Miller || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Ravi Narayan || Goblin brute</br>Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Mary Nesbitt || Girl of Dale<br />
|-<br />
| Peggy Nesbitt || Girl of Dale<br />
|-<br />
| Terry Notary || [[Yazneg]] (pick-up shots)<br>[[Great Goblin|Goblin King]] (motion capture around the body)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dean O'Gorman]]<ref group="note">Rob Kazinsky was initially cast as [[Fíli]]. (see: {{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150239464391558|articlename=Casting news!|dated=30-April-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref> || [[Fíli]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Ella Olssen || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jabez Olssen]] || Erebor Dwarf refugee<br />
|-<br />
| Sabin Olssen || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<br />
|-<br />
| Findlay Price || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| John Rawls || [[Yazneg]]<br />
|-<br />
| Thomas Rimmer || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thomas Robins]] || Young [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Gabrielle Roque López || Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Nancy Ruck || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Andy Serkis]] || [[Gollum]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Louis Serkis || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Ruby Serkis || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Sonny Serkis || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kiran Shah]] || [[Goblin Scribe]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jamie W.R. Smith]] || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Merv Smith || [[Tosser Grubb]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Oscar Strik || Young [[Bilbo Baggins]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Conan Stevens]]<ref group="note">[[Conan Stevens]] was initially cast as [[Azog]]. (see: {{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150257180211558|articlename=Casting News for The Hobbit|dated=19-May-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}).</ref> || [[Bolg]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| Amelia Taylor || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Samuel Taylor || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jeffrey Thomas]] || [[Thrór]]<br />
|-<br />
| James Trevena-Brown || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| Mark Trotter || Goblin<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Ure]] || [[Fimbul]]</br>[[Grinnah]]<br />
|-<br />
| Eric Vespe || [[Fredegar Chubb]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Ruby Vincent || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Terry Vincent || Cute young Hobbit (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Hayden Weal || Dwarf holding gems<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hugo Weaving]] || [[Elrond]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| James Wells || Dwarf blacksmith<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Whiteside]] || Dwarf guard<br />
|-<br />
| [[Elijah Wood]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/><br />
|-<br />
| John Wraight || Dwarf guard<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Deviations from the source material==<br />
''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' covers the first six chapters of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' with a few elements added from the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. While it follows the story quite closely, a number of liberties were still taken:<br />
<br />
*The film begins with a prologue in which [[Bilbo Baggins]] awakens in the early hours of the morning of his 111th birthday on [[22 September]] {{TA|3001}} and begins to write ''There and Back Again: A Hobbit's Holiday'' in what would become the [[Red Book of Westmarch]]. In The Hobbit, he had already begun to write the book shortly after returning to [[Bag End]]. <br />
*Before beginning the first chapter of his book, Bilbo also details the background of his adventure, first recounting the rise and fall of [[Erebor]] and [[Dale]], and then the arrival of [[Smaug]] {{TA|2770}} - much of the same information recounted by [[Thorin]] and the other Dwarves during the Unexpected Party. The [[Arkenstone]] is found under [[Thrór]]'s rule instead of that of [[Thráin I]] and is not carried away into the [[Grey Mountains]] by [[Thorin I]] in {{TA|2210}} and carried back by Thrór {{TA|2590}}. Thrór interprets its discovery as his divine right to rule. Thorin II and [[Balin]] are shown as adults although they are in the book at the time the dragon came a mere 24 and 7 years old. Thorin is even shown as a captain giving orders, and thus not outside the mountain during the attack of the dragon, as written in the book. <br />
*A long-standing feud between the Dwarves of Erebor and the [[Elves]] was invented for the film, beginning with Thrór's refusal to give [[Thranduil]] a payment of gems (seen only in the Extended Edition), and fully manifesting when Thranduil then brings his Elf Army to Erebor when Smaug is sacking it, only to then turn around and leave, offering no aid to the battling and fleeing Dwarves. <br />
*Elijah Wood also appears briefly as [[Frodo Baggins]] toward the end of the prologue, whereas the character does not appear at all in the book. However, his appearance is purely a cameo as the set-up for the beginning of ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'', where Bilbo is also seen writing his book the day of his Farewell Party, and Frodo leaving to await [[Gandalf]]'s arrival. <br />
*The Dwarves do not quite arrive at Bag End in the same manner (first [[Dwalin]], then Balin, then both [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], and then [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Dori]], [[Nori]], [[Ori]], [[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], and [[Bombur]] all at once with Gandalf; Thorin arrives significantly later) and they do not have so many instruments and multi-colored hoods or beards as they did in the book. Furthermore Gandalf has a grey hat instead of a blue one and his beard is grey, not white, as described in the book.<br />
*The dwarves arrive at the evening, not afternoon and only get a supper, no cake.<br />
*Dwalin says "[Thorin] travelled North to a meeting of our kin" and asks later if [[Dáin Ironfoot]] would be with them, in the books is no hint that there had been a meeting or that Daín had been asked for helping Thorin. Also the information that "The Dragon Smaug has not been seen for 60 years" isn't mentioned in [[Tolkien]]'s history.<br />
*The morning after the Unexpected Party, Gandalf is not there to force Bilbo to go, but Bilbo is alone and himself excited about "going on an adventure" rather than initially reluctant. Unlike the books, where Gandalf essentially railroads Bilbo into going along with it, in the movie, he persuades Bilbo to live up to and take pride in the legacy of Bagginses as unconventional [[Hobbit]]s. <br />
*Bilbo finds the dwarves in the wood instead of first reading their letter saying he shall meet them in the [[Green Dragon]] in [[Bywater]].<br />
*Bilbo was shown to be allergic to horses. <br />
*The dwarves bet if Bilbo will follow them or not.<br />
*The time of 171 years between the Sack in {{TA|2770}} and the [[Quest of Erebor]] in {{TA|2941}} has been somewhat reduced and compressed for these films.<br />
*The War of the Dwarves and Orcs in {{TA|2793}}-{{TA|2799|t}} is condensed into just the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] of {{TA|2799}} (recounted by Balin in a flashback, and also referred to as the Battle of [[Moria]] throughout the trilogy), where Thrór leads an army of Dwarves against an army of Orcs in an attempt to reclaim Moria as their home not long after the Sack of Erebor. Thrór is decapitated by [[Azog]] during the battle instead of prior to it {{TA|2790}} (which was the actual reason for the war), and Thorin cuts off Azog's left forearm, while Dáin Ironfoot (who ultimately kills Azog during the battle in the books) does not appear at all in the sequence. <br />
*Two [[Orc]]s watch the Company resting and many will pursue them later on their whole journey. The leader of the Orc pack is revealed to be Azog, who has survived the Battle of Azanulbizar in these films (his left forearm replaced by a spike with a claw at the end) and appears as an additional antagonist who wants to kill Thorin (he had "sworn to wipe out the line of Durin."). Therefore almost all the pursuits of orcs in the trilogy are invented for the films and only one of them appears in the book.<br />
*All the Orcs speak [[Black Speech]]. In ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]'' and in all the books the Orcs speak predominaltly [[Westron]].<br />
*Gandalf tells Bilbo about the five [[Wizards]] introducing Radagast the Brown who is only ever briefly mentioned in the books. He is first seen discovering a darkness growing in [[Greenwood the Great]]. Here the timeframe of the movie is shortened very much, too, for the first shadow fell on the Greenwood around Third Age 1000, 1900 years before the main events. After having his home ambushed by spiders, warding them off and curing a hedgehog from witchcraft, he follows the spider's path to [[Dol Guldur]] where he encounters a [[Necromancer]] and the [[Witch-king of Angmar]], with whom he briefly duels and from whom he takes its Morgul blade. In contrast, Tolkien never wrote of these incidents.<br />
*Bilbo goes to the [[Trolls]] because they steal the Dwarves' [[ponies]]. <br />
*Bilbo is caught by the Trolls attempting to steal [[Tom]]'s knife to set the stolen ponies free rather than being given away by [[William]]'s "talking" purse. <br />
*While Bilbo does manage to set the ponies free during the Company's skirmish with the Trolls, it is the last they see of them. In the book, the Company had the ponies until reaching the cave in the [[Misty Mountains]]. <br />
*The Dwarves surrender when the Trolls catch Bilbo and threaten to rip him apart instead of being overpowered and popped into bags. <br />
*Bilbo - not Gandalf - stalls the Trolls until dawn's arrival in the film. They are turned to stone when Gandalf exposes them to the sun upon his return by breaking a large boulder behind them in half with his staff. <br />
*The Trolls' cave is wide open, and there is no locked door blocking it. <br />
*In the book, Bilbo finds [[Sting]] and takes it. In the film, Gandalf comes upon it and gives it to Bilbo. <br />
*The group is attacked by a pack of the Orc [[Warg]] Riders on the way to Rivendell just after the Trolls sequence in the film, where Radagast aids the Dwarves in escaping the Orcs near [[Rivendell]] by diverting their attention on his rabbit-pulled sled, which did not happen in the book (as most of the orc-pursuits). <br />
*In the film's Extended Edition, Bofur gets up and sings "[[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]" while the Company is dining with the Elves in Rivendell, and the other Dwarves join him. This song does not appear until ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', where Frodo sings it at [[The Prancing Pony]]. <br />
*Also in the Extended Edition, Kíli is shown to somewhat fancy female Elves. Tolkien never alluded to any Dwarves in [[Middle-earth]] having any romantic interest in someone of another race.<br />
*The second storyline is mainly took from the ''Appendices of The Lord of the Rings'' and its timeframe is shortened very much, too: [[Elrond]]refers during the session of [[White Council]] to the [[Watchful Peace]] {{TA|2063}}-{{TA|2460|t}} by saying "For four hundred years we have lived in peace." At the start of the peace, Dol Guldur's growing power was already feared to be [[Sauron]]'s doing. Also, in the movie Elrond calls the Watchful Peace “hard-won” which isn't really correct because the Appendices tell that in {{TA|2063}} Gandalf only "goes" to Dol Guldur whereupon the shadow retreats, thus there can be no talk of a hard-won peace. While in the movie the Council still argues, Gandalf and [[Galadriel]] anxious, [[Saruman]] appeasing, in Tolkien's writings Gandalf had already confirmed {{TA|2851}} that the Necromancer was Sauron and was at Dol Guldur, and Saruman had discovered two years before the Events in ''The Hobbit'' that Sauron had learned of [[Isildur]]'s loss of the One Ring at the [[Gladden Fields]] by the river [[Anduin]] and his servants were searching the area (though he did not inform the Council of this discovery).<br />
*The White Council is described as having more members than depicted in the film.<br />
*Also at the White Council meeting, Galadriel relates how the Witch-king of Angmar, after his defeat near [[Fornost]], had been killed and sealed in a tomb in the HighFells of [[Rhudaur]] that could not be opened. This is a significant departure from Tolkien's writings, in which the Witch-king had not died, but fled. In {{TA|1974}} [[Glorfindel]] had stopped pursuit of the Witch-king and prophesied, "Do not pursue him! He will not return to these lands. Far off yet is his doom, and not by the hand of man will he fall." Furthermore, per Tolkien, the White Council knew the Witch-king had not been killed because he and the rest of the [[Nazgûl]] had previously been fighting with [[Gondor]] and had captured (and presumably killed) the last King of Gondor at Minas Morgul in {{TA|2050}}, long after he had fled the North. The High Fells of Rhudaur and the Story of the Morgul Blade are invented for the film.<br />
*Gandalf stays with the White Council and the dwarves leave Rivendell in secret (although Gandalf knows this), partly because the Council (expecially Saruman) doesn't endorse the Quest, while in the books the Council never is concerned with it. In the book Gandalf accompanies the dwarves until the cave and follows them afterwards secretly to the Big Cavern of [[Goblin-town]].<br />
*When travelling along the mountain pass in the book, Bilbo and the Dwarves observe the stone Giants hurling rocks at a distance, "across the valley," whereas in the film they become unwittingly involved when the mountainside on which they are standing comes to life and joins in the "thunder battle". <br />
*In the movie, after Thorin has shown his dislike against Bilbo several times, in the Goblin cave Bilbo finally wants to go home but Bofur tries to persuade him to stay.<br />
*It was Bilbo who alerted the party when the trap doors in the Goblin cave open in the book. In the film, Bofur recognizes Sting gleaming blue and the other Dwarves realize the danger just as the ground gives way and they begin to fall into the hole. <br />
*In the book, the Goblins only had tunnels, not rope bridges. <br />
*Bilbo's encounter with [[Gollum]] in the book occurs after he is lost during the Company's escape from Goblin-town, whereas here it happens concurrently with the Dwarves' audience with the Goblin King (due to Bilbo's eluding captivity from the Goblins and falling down a chasm during the struggle with one of them). <br />
*In the books Fíli and Kíli are said to be the youngest, but in the movie, the [[Great Goblin]] points out Ori as the youngest.<br />
*In the book, Bilbo finds the One Ring by chance when his hand happens to fall upon it as he is crawling through one of the dark Goblin-town tunnels, well before he comes across Gollum. In this film, he sees Gollum fighting with the same Goblin with whom he fell down the chasm, and then we see the Ring fall out of Gollum's loincloth during the tussle. After Gollum drags off the Goblin's body, Bilbo then goes over, picks it up, examines it, and puts it in his pocket. The scene is quite different from the one in the Prologue of the movie ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', even without the different actors.<br />
*Gollum has nine teeth in the film, rather than six. <br />
*Some of the riddles are omitted in the movie.<br />
*It isn't made clear that the company spends several days under the Mountains. In general in the trilogy it isn't mentioned how long all the journeys last. For example, Bilbo finds the company immediately after leaving the caverns, in the books he looks for them much longer. <br />
*The dwarves get trapped by wargs and orcs not on a clearing, but at a cliff with all trees falling until all the company sits on one tree hanging over the cliff, falling almost to their deaths.<br />
*Bilbo and some of the Dwarves do not come down from the fir trees and charge the Goblins and Wargs in the book once they've been trapped in them. Of course Azog isn't there, too, pursuing especially for Thorin. Thus Bilbo doen't save his life by fighting the orc trying to decapitate Thorin.<br />
*As in the movie ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', Gandalf sends for the [[Eagles]] by catching a moth and giving it a message. In the book, the Eagles see the fire in the distance and fly over to investigate, and, thus, their rescue of the Company was mostly coincidence. <br />
*As in ''The Lord of the Rings'' films, the Eagles do not speak. <br />
*The Eagles take the Company directly to the [[Carrock]], bypassing the Eyrie. <br />
*The movie features a final reconciliation between Thorin and Bilbo, after Thorin's heavy resentment against Bilbo at the [[Trollshaws]], after the Thunder Battle and the Leaving of the Misty Mountains. In ''[[The Quest for Erebor]]'' Gandalf says that Thorin's disfavour against Bilbo was stronger than he showed openly.<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The score for ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' was composed by [[Howard Shore]], and was performed and recorded by the London Philharmonic Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios.<ref name="DougAdamsAUJ">{{webcite|author=[[Doug Adams]]|articleurl=http://www.musicoflotr.com/2012/11/the-hobbit-unexpected-journey.html|articlename=The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Soundtrack Album Coming December 11|dated=1-November-2012|website=[http://www.musicoflotr.com Doug Adam's Blog]|accessed=20-November-2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Two editions of the soundtrack was released by [[Wikipedia:WaterTower Music|WaterTower Music]] on [[11 December]] [[2012]]:<br />
*''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''<br />
*''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition]]''<br />
<br />
The song featured in the credits to ''An Unexpected Journey'', [[Song of the Lonely Mountain]], was performed by [[Neil Finn]] and released [[12 November]] [[2012]]. It was first [http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/neil-finn-reaches-epic-heights-on-song-of-the-lonely-mountain-song-premiere-20121112 released on RollingStone.com].<ref name="">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/neil-finn-reaches-epic-heights-on-song-of-the-lonely-mountain-song-premiere-20121112|articlename=Neil Finn Reaches Epic Heights on 'Song of the Lonely Mountain' – Song Premiere|dated=12-November-2012|website=[http://www.rollingstone.com/ RollingStone.com]|accessed=20-November-2012<br />
<br />
==Distribution=<br />
===Theatrical release====}}</ref><br />
''An Unexpected Journey'' had its world première in [[Wellington]], [[New Zealand]], on [[28 November]] [[2012]]. The film was released in cinemas in New Zealand on [[12 December]], [[13 December]] in Europe, [[14 December]] in India, Canada and United States, and [[26 December]] in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Home media===<br />
''An Unexpected Journey'' was released on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and as a digital download on [[19 March]] [[2013]].<ref name="UKDVD">{{webcite|author=lilymilos|articleurl=http://news.mymiddleearth.com/2013/02/06/sneak-peek-of-desolation-of-smaug-on-hobbit-blu-ray/|articlename=Sneak Peek of ‘Desolation of Smaug’ on Hobbit Blu-ray|dated=6-Feb-2013|website=MEN|accessed=9-Feb-2013}}</ref> The release date in the [[United Kingdom]] was [[8 April]].<ref name="UKDVD">{{webcite|author=Arwen|articleurl=http://news.mymiddleearth.com/2013/02/06/uk-hobbit-fans-to-wait-until-april-8th-for-blu-ray-blu-ray-dvd-and-digital-download-release/|articlename=UK Hobbit Fans to Wait Until April 8th for Blu-ray, DVD and Digital Download Release|dated=6-Feb-2013|website=MEN|accessed=9-Feb-2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
An extended edition of ''An Unexpected Journey'' includes an additional thirteen minutes of footage. It was be released in the UK on digital download on [[22 October]] and on Blu-ray and DVD on [[4 November]].<ref name="ExtendedEdition">{{webcite|author=Orlando Parfitt|articleurl=http://uk.movies.yahoo.com/the-hobbit--an-unexpected-journey-deleted-scene--exclusive--065952595.html|articlename=The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Extended Edition deleted scene (Exclusive)|dated=31-July-2013|website=[http://uk.movies.yahoo.com/ Yahoo Movies]|accessed=19-Aug-2013}}</ref><br />
<!--<br />
==Response===<br />
''An Unexpected Journey'' was met with a mixed response from film critics. Many thought it too slow.--><br />
<br />
==Promotion==<br />
===Promotional posters===<br />
{{Seealso|:Category:Images of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey posters}}<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Promotional posters for ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''<br />
|height=300<br />
|width=200<br />
|lines=1<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 1.jpg|The first promotional poster.<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 2.jpg|The second promotional poster.<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 3.jpg|The third promotional poster.<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - poster 4.jpg|The fourth promotional poster.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Trailers===<br />
{{VideosHD|9PSXjr1gbjc|SDnYMbYB-nU}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|The Desolation of Smaug]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]''<br />
*[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|Images from ''An Unexpected Journey'']]<br />
*[[:Category:Images of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey posters|''An Unexpected Journey'' posters]]<br />
*''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' soundtrack<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition]]''<br />
*''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' tie-in books:<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Annual 2013]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Art & Design]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Creatures & Characters]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Official Movie Guide]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: The Movie Storybook]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: The World of Hobbits]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Visual Companion]]''<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com] (official website)<br />
*[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com] (official blog)<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ Peter Jackson's Facebook page]<br />
<br />
{{References|n}}<br />
<br />
{{Films}}<br />
<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
[[Category:The Hobbit (film series)| ]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:ChikCySunny&diff=263237User talk:ChikCySunny2015-01-22T21:06:17Z<p>Amroth: Removed vandalism</p>
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{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=ChikCySunny}}<br />
<br />
-- [[User:Mith|<span style="color:#2F4F4F">'''Mith'''</span>]] <small>([[User talk:Mith|<span style="color:#696969">'''Talk'''</span>]]/[[Special:Contributions/Mith|<span style="color:#708090">Contribs</span>]]/[[Special:Editcount/Mith/Edits|<span style="color:#778899">Edits</span>]])</small> 13:15, 22 January 2015 (UTC)</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:Ederchil&diff=263236User:Ederchil2015-01-22T21:05:38Z<p>Amroth: Undo revision 263228 by 2.86.254.19 - Removed vandalism</p>
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<div>{{user infobox<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Ederchil<br />
| othernames=<br />
| position=Administrator<br />
| language=Dutch<br />
| location=Groningen, the Netherlands<br />
| occupation=Student<br />
| birth=April 17, 1986<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| age=26<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=1.83 (6'0")<br />
| hair=Brown<br />
| eyes=Blue<br />
| irc=<br />
| email= {{nospam|ederchil|hotmail.com}}<br />
| facebook=<br />
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| linkedin=<br />
| website=<br />
| userboxes=<br />
{{user admin}}<br />
{{user 15000e}}<br />
{{user 5y}}<br />
{{user en-4}}<br />
{{User ref}}<br />
{{user recentchanges}}<br />
{{user chrome}}<br />
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{{quote|It is ever so with the things that Men begin; there is a frost in Spring, or a blight in Summer, and they fail of their promise.|[[Gimli]], ''[[The Last Debate]]''}}<br />
<br />
Hi there! I'm '''Ederchil''', I'm 28 years old and from Groningen, The Netherlands (don't you call that [[Unquendor|Holland]]). The name Ederchil - I've been using it for a couple of years now - is a rough translation of my first name, Olof - "descendant of forefathers". <br />
<br />
==Ederchil namespace==<br />
* [[User:Ederchil/Sandbox]] - my personal sandbox<br />
* [[User:Ederchil/Sandbox2]] - because one was not enough<br />
* [[User:Ederchil/Sandbox3]] - because I should really finish any of the above two<br />
* [[User:Ederchil/Templates]] - various test-templates<br />
* [[User:Ederchil/Orcs PiA]]<br />
* [[User:Ederchil/Sandbox4]] - '''Blank slate'''; or, ''I'm really getting fed up with IMDb''<br />
* [[User:Ederchil/Full cast]] - a (not so) full cast of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]. Outdated, unsourced and unformatted, thus unreliable.<br />
<br />
==My Tolkien library==<br />
===Books===<br />
====Works by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]====<br />
* ''[[The Hobbit]]'' (1991 Grafton paperback)<br />
* ''The Hobbit'' ([[Houghton Mifflin]] Box set paperback)<br />
* ''[[The Hobbit|De Hobbit, of: Daarheen en Weer Terug]]'' (translation by [[Max Schuchart]]) ([[1976]] Prisma Pocket Paperback)<br />
* ''[[The Hobbit|De Hobbit, of: Dêrhinne en Wer Werom]]'' (translation by [[Anne Tjerk Popkema]]) (2009 Elikser paperback)<br />
<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (1991 Grafton paperback)<br />
* ''The Fellowship of the Ring'' (Houghton Mifflin Box set paperback)<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring|De Reisgenoten]]'' (translation by Max Schuchart) (1973 Prisma Pocket paperback) <br />
<br />
* ''[[The Two Towers]]'' (1999 black cover paperback) <br />
* ''The Two Towers'' (Houghton Mifflin Box set paperback)<br />
* ''[[The Two Towers|De Twee Torens]]'' (translation by Max Schuchart) (1973 Prisma Pocket paperback)<br />
<br />
* ''[[The Return of the King]]'' (2002 film tie-in paperback)<br />
* ''The Return of the King'' ([[Houghton Mifflin]] Box set paperback)<br />
* ''[[The Return of the King|De Terugkeer van de Koning]]'' (translation by Max Schuchart) (1973 Prisma Pocket paperback)<br />
<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|The Lord of the Rings'' (50th anniversary edition)]], (2007 red cover paperback)<br />
* ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]'' (edited by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]])<br />
* ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'' (with [[Donald Swann]]), 3rd edition.<br />
* ''[[The Children of Húrin]]''<br />
* ''[[Roverandom]]''<br />
* ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' (2002 black cover paperback)<br />
* ''Tales from the Perilous Realm'' (2008 expanded hardcover)<br />
* ''[[Finn and Hengest]]'' (edited by [[Alan Bliss]])<br />
* ''[[Letters from Father Christmas]]'' (edited by [[Baillie Tolkien]]) (2008 hardcover)<br />
* ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'' (edited by [[Douglas A. Anderson]])<br />
* ''[[Tolkien on Fairy-Stories]]'' (edited by [[Verlyn Flieger]] and [[Douglas A. Anderson]])<br />
* ''[[Tree and Leaf, Smith of Wootton Major, The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth]]''<br />
* ''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]''<br />
<br />
====Edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]==== <br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''<br />
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' (with [[Guy Gavriel Kay|Guy Kay]])<br />
* ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' (with [[Humphrey Carpenter]])<br />
* ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'': <br />
:#''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]''<br />
:#''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''<br />
:#''[[The Lays of Beleriand]]''<br />
:#''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]''<br />
:#''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]''<br />
:#''[[The Return of the Shadow]]''<br />
:#''[[The Treason of Isengard]]''<br />
:#''[[The War of the Ring]]''<br />
:#''[[Sauron Defeated]]''<br />
:#''[[Morgoth's Ring]]''<br />
:#''[[The War of the Jewels]]''<br />
:#''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''<br />
:#''[[The History of Middle-earth: Index|Index]]''<br />
* ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo]]''<br />
* ''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún]]''<br />
<br />
====Other works, alphabetically====<br />
* N.N.: ''[[Tolkien's World: Paintings of Middle-earth]]''<br />
* N.N.: ''[[The Tolkien Name in History]]''<br />
* [[Stanley P. Baldwin|Baldwin, Stanley P.]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien (Library of Great Authors)]]''<br />
* [[Robert S. Blackham|Blackham, Robert S.]]: ''[[Tolkien's Oxford]]''<br />
* [[J.W. Braun|Braun, J.W.]]: ''[[The Lord of the Films]]''<br />
* [[Humphrey Carpenter|Carpenter, Humphrey]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]''<br />
* [[Colin Duriez|Duriez, Colin]]: ''[[Tolkien and The Lord of the Rings]]''<br />
* [[Colin Duriez|Duriez, Colin]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis: The Story of their Friendship]]''<br />
* [[Angie Errigo|Errigo, Angie]]: ''[[The rough Guide to The Lord of the Rings]]''<br />
* [[Robley Evans|Evans, Robley]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien (Writers for the 70's)]]''<br />
* [[Karen Wynn Fonstad|Fonstad, Karen Wynn]]: ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]''<br />
* [[Robert Foster|Foster, Robert]]: ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]''<br />
* [[John Garth|Garth, John]]: ''[[Tolkien and the Great War]]''<br />
* [[Robert Giddings|Giddings, Robert]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: The Shores of Middle-earth]]''<br />
* [[James H. Gillam|Gillam, James H.]]: ''[[Treasures From the Misty Mountains]]''<br />
* [[Peter Gilliver|Gilliver, Peter]] ''et al.'': ''[[The Ring of Words]]''<br />
* [[Christopher Gilson|Gilson, Christopher]] (ed): ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'' 1-5, 11, 15, 17<br />
* [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond, Wayne G.]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull, Christina]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator]]'' <br />
* [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond, Wayne G.]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull, Christina]]: ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]''<br />
* [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond, Wayne G.]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull, Christina]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]''<br />
* [[Karen Haber|Haber, Karen]]: ''[[Meditations on Middle-earth]]''<br />
* Hardy, G.B.: ''[[CliffsNotes on The Lord of the Rings]]''<br />
* [[Randel Helms|Helms, Randel]]: ''[[Myth, Magic and Meaning in Tolkien's World]]''<br />
* [[Gregory Hildebrandt, Jr.|Hildebrandt, Gregory Jr.]], ''[[Greg and Tim Hildebrandt: The Tolkien Years]]''<br />
* [[Carl F. Hostetter|Hostetter, Carl F.]] (ed): ''[[Vinyar Tengwar]]'', complete 1-49.<br />
* [[Clyde S. Kilby|Kilby, Clyde S.]]: ''[[Tolkien and The Silmarillion]]''<br />
* [[Paul H. Kocher|Kocher, Paul H.]], ''[[Master of Middle-earth|Tolkien: Meester van Midden-aarde]]'' (translated by [[Max Schuchart]])<br />
* [[Alan Lee|Lee, Alan]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Sketchbook]]''<br />
* [[Jared Lobdell|Lobdell, Jared C.]]: ''[[A Tolkien Compass]]'' (1st ed)<br />
* [[Jared Lobdell|Lobdell, Jared C.]]: ''[[A Tolkien Compass]]'' (3rd ed)<br />
* [[Joseph Pearce|Pearce, Joseph]]: ''[[Tolkien: Man and Myth]]''<br />
* [[John D. Rateliff|Rateliff, John D.]]: ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'':<br />
:#''Part 1: Mr. Baggins''<br />
:#''Part 2: Return to Bag End''<br />
* [[René van Rossenberg|Rossenberg, René van]] (editor): ''[[Lembas-extra]]'' [[Lembas-extra 1990|1990]]<br />
* [[Gary Russell|Russell, Gary]]: ''[[The Art of The Lord of the Rings (film book)|The Art of The Lord of the Rings]]''<br />
* [[Andy Serkis|Serkis, Andy]]: ''[[Gollum: How We Made Movie Magic]]''<br />
* [[Tom Shippey|Shippey, Tom]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century]]''<br />
* [[Tom Shippey|Shippey, Tom]]: ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]''<br />
* [[Brian Sibley|Sibley, Brian]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Official Movie Guide]]''<br />
* [[Brian Sibley|Sibley, Brian]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Making of the Movie Trilogy]]''<br />
* [[Brian Sibley|Sibley, Brian]], [[John Howe|Howe, John]]: ''[[The Maps of Tolkien's Middle-Earth]]''<br />
* [[Chris Smith|Smith, Chris]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare]]''<br />
* Strachey, Barbera: ''[[Journeys of Frodo]]''<br />
* [[Hilary Tolkien|Tolkien, Hilary]], [[Angela Gardner|Gardner, Angela]], ''[[Black & White Ogre Country]]''<br />
* [[J.E.A. Tyler|Tyler, J.E.A.]], ''[[The Tolkien Companion]]''<br />
* Uyldert, Mellie: ''[[Symboliek van Tolkien's In de ban van de ring]]''<br />
* [[Johan Vanhecke|Vanhecke, Johan]], ''[[In de ban van de Hobbit]]''<br />
* Weide, Sjoerd van der (editor): ''[[Lembas-extra]]'' [[Lembas-extra 1992|1992]]<br />
* [[Richard C. West|West, Richard C.]]: ''[[Tolkien Criticism: An Annotated Checklist]]'' (2nd, revised edition)<br />
* [[Michael White|White, Michael]], ''[[Tolkien: A Biography|Tolkien: Een Biografie]]'' (translation by Laurens van Mastrigt)<br />
<br />
===Adaptations===<br />
====Films====<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', theatrical and extended<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'', theatrical and extended<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'', theatrical and extended<br />
* [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]<br />
* [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]<br />
* [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]<br />
====Radio====<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]''<br />
* [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|''Tales from the Perilous Realm'' (1992 radio series)]]<br />
* [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]<br />
<br />
====Video Games====<br />
* [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]<br />
* [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]<br />
* [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]''<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]''<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]''<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]''<br />
<br />
====Other====<br />
* ''[[The Hobbit (comic book)]]''<br />
* ''[[The Film Book of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings]]''<br />
* ''[[Warren Special Edition: The Lord of the Rings]]''<br />
* ''[[Bored of the Rings (comic)]]''<br />
<br />
===Documentaries===<br />
* ''[[Beyond the Movie: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
* ''[[Beyond the Movie: The Return of the King]]''<br />
* ''[[Secrets of Middle-earth: Inside Tolkien's Lord of the Rings]]''<br />
* ''[[Ringers: Lord of the Fans]]''<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ederchil}}<br />
[[Category:User lore-3]]<br />
[[Category:IRC users]]<br />
[[Category:Dutch users]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway&diff=263065Tolkien Gateway2015-01-17T22:39:19Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>:''This is the encyclopedic article about Tolkien Gateway, for generic help and information see [[Help:Contents]] or [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].''<br />
{{website<br />
| image=<div style="padding-top: 10px;">[[File:tolkiengateway-trans.png|223px]]</div><br />
| URL=http://tolkiengateway.net<br />
| slogan=''the [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] encyclopedia that anyone can edit''<br />
| alexa=[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tolkiengateway.net 132,714]<br />
| commercial=No<br />
| revenue=<br />
| type=Wiki; collaborative encyclopedia<br />
| language=English<br />
| licence=[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html GNU-FDL]<br />
| articlecount={{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}<br />
| registration=Open edit<br />
| owner=[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]<br />
| creator=<br />
| keypeople=[[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]]<br/>[[User:Mith|Mith]]<br/>[[User:Morgan|Morgan]]<br/>(see [[Tolkien Gateway:Top Editors|Top Editors]])<br />
| launch=[[3 June]] [[2005]]<br />
| status=Active<br />
}}'''Tolkien Gateway''' (or simply '''TG''') is a not-for-profit collaborative [[wikipedia:wiki|wiki]] devoted to the [[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|works]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], being the largest Tolkien-related encyclopedia on the [[wikipedia:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]].<ref name="List">"[[List of Tolkien Encyclopedias|List of Tolkien Encyclopedias]]", based on research by [[User:Mith|Mith]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]] [[2010]])</ref> It strives to be the most extensive and complete online resource with content relating not just to the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] but also information on Tolkien-related images, adaptations, people, places, events, societies, and other works of scholarly and academic interest.<br />
<br />
Although still criticised for its "wiki" ethos, Tolkien Gateway's growth and increased scholarship have been lauded by Tolkien scholars in recent years.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet"/> Its increased status has led to greater popularity as Tolkien Gateway is now the second-most popular Tolkien website in the world after [[TheOneRing.net]].<ref name="Alexa">[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tolkiengateway.net Alexa - tolkiengateway.net] (accessed [[25 May]] 2014)</ref> Tolkien Gateway is recognised as one of the world's largest wikis, ranking 422nd in the world by total number of articles and 365th by total number of edits.<ref name="WikiStats">[http://wikistats.wmflabs.org/largest_html.php?s=good_desc&th=10000&lines=750 WikiStats - List of largest MediaWikis] (accessed 6 July 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
Inspired by the release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Tolkien Gateway was founded by [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net], then [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk], before eventually opening up as [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] on [[3 June|June 3]], [[2005]]. Tolkien Gateway uses the same [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki] software as [http://www.wikia.com Wikia] and [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] whilst operating a [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU-FDL] licence. Tolkien Gateway has a [http://wikiindex.org/Category:WikiFactor wikifactor] of 101.<ref>[[wikipedia:WikiFactor|From Wikipedia]]: "The wikiFactor is simply the number of pages in the wiki (wF) that have had more than 1000 times wF visits."</ref><br />
<br />
==Objective==<br />
{{Blockquote|Tolkien Gateway is determined to inform you as much as possible about J.R.R. Tolkien and his masterpieces. Our goal is to have the most complete database about Middle-earth and Tolkien as possible.|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]}}<br />
==History==<br />
===Key dates===<br />
:''See also: [[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]''<br />
<br />
* [[1 January]] [[2003]] - TolkienGateway is created as a [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] website<ref name="About">From "[http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway:About&oldid=57386 Tolkien Gateway: About]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[8 February]] 2003 - TolkienGateway migrated from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire Angelfire.com] to new server at [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint.com]<ref name="About" /><br />
* By [[August]] 2003 - Switched domain from [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] to [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[6 November]] [[2004]] - TolkienGateway.net domain is purchased<ref name="About" /><br />
* In January [[2005]] - We launch our own IRC network for fans of J.R.R. Tolkien<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[3 June]] 2005 - Our wiki project is started<ref name="About" /><br />
* [[1 January]] 2006 - Foundation of [[Tolkien News]]<br />
* [[2 April]] 2006 - Opening of the [[Forum:Council|Forums]]<ref name="Forum Create">"[[Forum:Welcome to the Council forum!]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[14 October]] 2006 - Creation of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]]<br />
* [[16 October]] 2006 - Default skin changed to "Cavendish"<ref name="2006u"/><br />
* [[14 April]] 2007 - New [[Main Page]] design<ref name="Old Main Page">"[http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 Main Page oldid=42029]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
* [[15 April|15]] - [[18 April]] 2007 - [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] hosted by Tolkien Gateway<br />
* [[4 October]] 2007 - the ability to add interwiki links was included<ref name="Interwiki" /><br />
* [[30 April]] 2008 - the [http://tolkiengateway.net/map Map] is created<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* In July, 2008 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 1,000 registers users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 July]] 2008 - Tolkien Gateway passes 7,000 articles<ref name="Updates 7000"/><br />
* [[17 August]] 2008 - [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] is promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]]<ref name="Rights">"[[Special:Log/rights|User Rights Log]]" (accessed [[25 May]] [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[26 August]] 2008 - Default skin changed to "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Ithilien" /><br />
* [[23 June]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway is locked to anonymous editors<ref name="TG lock" /><br />
* [[27 June]] 2010 - Ederchil promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Bureaucrats|bureaucrat]]<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[14 July]] 2010 - [[User:Mith|Mith]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[25 October]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 2,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[16 March]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 9,000 articles<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Default skin changed to "Mithilien", a re-made version of "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 3,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[7 August]] 2011 - After the installation of ConfirmEdit extension anonymous users can again edit the wiki<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[16 July]] 2012 - Tolkien Gateway passes 10,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:10,000 articles]] (accessed [[16 July|July 16]], [[2012]])</ref><br />
* [[26 April]] 2013 - Tolkien Gateway passes 4,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 June]] 2013 - [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[30 April]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 11,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:11,000 articles]] (accessed [[25 May]], [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[16 September]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 5,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
===History by year===<br />
====2003====<br />
Inspired by the recent release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] created TolkienGateway on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as a community and an encyclopedia at [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]. Sporting a tan-coloured skin, TolkienGateway made use of the free [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] software.<ref name="Archive CJB">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In [[February]], Hyarion decide to move the web-hosting of TolkienGateway from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire] to [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint]. By [[August]], Hyarion migrated to the free, and more aesthetically-pleasing, domain of [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk].<ref name="Archive TK">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
====2004====<br />
[[File:TG-logo.gif|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway's original logo]]<br />
On [[6 November|November 6]], Hyarion purchased the domain [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] and begins work on creating a proper wiki. By [[March]] [[2005]], the original TolkienGateway has gone offline so Hyarion can focus on the new website.<ref name="Archive TK"/><br />
<br />
====2005====<br />
In [[January]] [[2005]] Tolkien Gateway's [[Tolkien Gateway:Chat|IRC chat]] was opened; this enabled both Tolkien Gateway editors and users from other websites to congregate in a single place for discussion of their respective websites and the works of Tolkien.<ref name="Chat">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Chat]] (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway's IRC, [irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net], is still in use today.<br />
<br />
After a long hiatus, Tolkien Gateway opened to the public on [[3 June|June 3]] with Hyarion as the sole administrator and bureaucrat. In order for Tolkien Gateway to have a sizeable number of articles ready for its released, many were copied from either [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda] or [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:WikiProject Middle-earth|Wikipedia]]; this has since been criticised by later editors who have struggled to identify and update all such articles.<ref name="Meeting 5Sep">See "[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/5 September 2010#Ideas for Agenda]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Notable editors during this time include [[User:BrightSideoftheDark|BrightSideoftheDark]], [[User:Bokkie|Bokkie]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]], [[User:Gandalf|Gandalf]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2006====<br />
On [[1 January|January 1]] [[2006]] Hyarion opened a second website, [[Tolkien News]], as a another source of information, in competition with [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net], but without the commercial advertising. The website closed in [[2008]].<br />
<br />
Technically, 2006 was a very important year for Tolkien Gateway: it saw the introduction of the fresh Cavendish skin, the creation of a forum for editors to discuss important issues, a community portal, and the ability to embed video. Furthermore, 2006 witnessed impressive growth in page views: from less than 200,000 page views at the start of the year to a million by October, by this point Tolkien Gateway was also witnessing 3,000 pages views per day.<ref name="2006u">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates#2006]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
2006 also witnessed modest growth in members from about 180 at the start of year to 422 at the end of the end of the year.<ref name="April2007"/> Important editors during this time include [[User:Ardamir|Ardamir]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2007====<br />
[[File:TG 2006.png|left|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in July 2006]]Although technically relatively uneventful, [[2007]] saw attempts by Hyarion to increase Tolkien Gateway's user base and reach. In particular, coinciding with the release of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' Hyarion arranged [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] an online gathering of artists, collectors, scholars and fans to celebrate the publication of this fresh story; a record-breaking 69 new users joined Tolkien Gateway in [[April]] 2007 as a result of this.<ref name="April2007">Personal research by [[User:Mith|Mith]]</ref> Coinciding with The Children of Húrin Release Party, Hyarion also introduced [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 a brand new Main Page layout] which still remains the basis for the current [[Main Page]].<br />
<br />
On [[4 October|October 4]], Hyarion introduced interwiki links allowing Tolkien Gateway's English articles to be connected to the fellow wikis [http://ardapedia.herr-der-ringe-film.de/index.php/Hauptseite Ardapedia] (German) and [http://wiki.kontu.info/Etusivu Kontu] (Finnish).<ref name="Interwiki">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 10-4-07 (accessed [[20 November|November 20]], [[2010]])</ref> Since then, interwiki links have also been expanded to the French website [http://www.tolkiendil.com/encyclo Tolkiendil] and Farsi website [http://wiki.valimar.ir/index.php?title=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C Valimar].<br />
<br />
Influential editors during this period include [[User:Dr Death|Dr Death]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] [[User:Fleela|Fleela]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2008====<br />
[[File:TG 2008.png|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway in June 2008]]<br />
The first major event of [[2008]] was a server move, "''Due to the rapid growth of Tolkien Gateway we will be migrating to a new quad-core server with 8 gigs of RAM.''"<ref name="Updates Move">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 1-29-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway moves server on roughly a year basis every time resulting in considerable downtime and residual problems; this move was no exception!<ref name="Updates" /> The following month, Tolkien Gateway was featured as the Site of the Week for the 8th February on the fan website [http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net]<ref>[http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net] (accessed=21 August 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
On [[30 April|April 30]], [[2008]] the first major extension to the wiki's content was the creation of [http://tolkiengateway.net/map/ a map] which seeks to list all the important locations in the world relevant to Tolkien's life, publications and adaptations.<ref name="Updates Map">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 4-14-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> The expansion of the wiki continues, reaching 7,000 articles by [[12 July|July 12]]<ref name="Updates 7000">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 7-12-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> whilst gaining an extra 366 members over the course of the year, taking the total membership to 788.<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
In the summer, Hyarion revealed to editors that [[Forum:One Wiki Merge|he had been in discussions]] with the the administrators of [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All], the Tolkien encyclopedia of [http://www.wikia.com Wikia], to merge the two sites together. Although the proposal wasn't fully fleshed-out, members of both communities got so far as [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/LOTR:Merge_Vote registering their intention to vote] on the issue before Wikia staff decided they were unwilling to let go of their own site - the merger never took place.<ref name="Merge talk">"[[User talk:Hyarion#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> A happy side-effect, however, is that many One Wiki editors migrated permanently to Tolkien Gateway, including the One Wiki bureaucrat [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]].<ref name="Merge talk2">"[[User talk:Hyarion/Archive 4#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|what a shame. It's almost comical that they ignored the wiki until there were any talks of leaving, at which point they realized they'd be losing money so they now have all of their employees pretending to be active contributors. Anyway, we're moving past it, they are not worth the time|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [http://www.wikia.com Wikia]'s staff attitude towards a merger of Tolkien Gateway and [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All]<ref name="Merge talk2"/>}}<br />
<br />
The second seminal event of 2008 was the introduction of [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings|Meetings]]. The [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008|first meeting]] was held on August 17, 2008; following the first meeting, Tolkien Gateway saw its very first promotion of [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]], an expansion of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]] to focus the activities of members, and a more extensive [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].<ref name="Meeting 1">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Meetings continued on a weekly basis until [[October]].<ref name="Meetings">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
On [[25 August]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] contacted [[TheOneRing.net]] with a proposition that Tolkien Gateway and TheOneRing.net should work in co-operation. The general premise was that the two online Tolkien communities were consubstantial and should, therefore, work together for each other's benefit. The discussion was, at first, progressive; it was mooted that, in effect, Tolkien Gateway would become TheOneRing.net's encyclopaedia, and that TheOneRing.net would become Tolkien Gateway's news portal. However, discussions came to an end because of an apparent bad history between [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], the owner of Tolkien Gateway, and TheOneRing.net. Whilst there was reciprocal praise for the work achieved by both communities, no further discussions took place.<ref>Personal research by [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]]</ref><br />
<br />
Finally, on [[26 August|August 26]], the "Gateway to Ithilien" was made the default skin for Tolkien Gateway, and - with minor alterations - still remains the default skin today.<ref name="Ithilien">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 8-26-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Top contributors during this period include [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Linathiel|Linathiel]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Quidon88|Quidon88]], [[User:Sage|Sage]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], and [[User:Tik|Tik]] as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]]<br />
<br />
====2009====<br />
Apart from another difficult server move,<ref name="SM 2009">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 9-2-09 (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> [[2009]] was a relatively uneventful year for Tolkien Gateway and its editors. Despite this, Tolkien Gateway gained the largest number of editors in any year (481),<ref name="April2007"/> as well as passing the threshold of 8,000 articles.<br />
<br />
Frequent editors of 2009 include: [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Morgan|Morgan]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]], [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]], as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]].<br />
<br />
====2010====<br />
[[File:TG 2010.png|thumb|left|Tolkien Gateway in November 2010]]<br />
[[2010]] started eventfully for Tolkien Gateway as a new editor, [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], including [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] declension templates in the majority of articles - this led to an intense discussion between Gilgamesh on the one hand, and [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] on the other (arguing that their appearance and canonicity were questionable). Eventually, all the templates were removed.<ref name="Quenya Template">"[[Forum:Quenya declension template appearance]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
Despite reaching its fifth birthday (as a wiki) this was left uncelebrated by the editors. Indeed, [[Forum:The future of Tolkien Gateway|some editors expressed disquiet]] about existing technical problems, the paucity of editors and the inactivity of [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] with some editors suggesting that the project should be forked. Following this, Tolkien Gateway witness a re-emergence of its meetings,<ref name="Meetings"/> Hyarion became more active (updating the MediaWiki software), Ederchil was promoted to a bureaucrat and Mith was promoted to administrator/sysop.<ref name="MithPromote">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Requests for adminship/Archive#Mith (28/06/10)]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> It was also at this time that, with great reluctance,<ref name="Reluctance">"[[User talk:Ederchil#Anti-spam strategies]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> that members of the community decided to lock Tolkien Gateway to anonymous editors; this was in order to prevent the large numbers of spammers who were vandalising articles.<ref name="TG lock">"[[Forum:Database Lock]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In the summer of 2010, [http://twitter.com/#!/kriskowal Kris Kowal] from [http://3rin.gs 3rin.gs] added links to Tolkien Gateway - alongside existing ones to [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ the Encyclopedia of Arda] - on his interactive map.<ref name="3rin.gs">"[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0An5phhxDkYDPdFJFdkN3SGhCRDJpanM5YUZFY24tZnc&hl=en&authkey=CJee_rkM#gid=0 References for Middle-earth]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> <br />
<br />
During this time, many key projects were embarked upon by editors: the relatively new editor [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] working on bibliographical information;<ref name="Works">"[[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> Mith working on the [[Timeline]] and years; Ederchil and Mith updated and expanded infoboxes; Mith and [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] trying to remove five-years of redirected links (with the aid of their bots);<ref name="Redirects">"[[Forum:Linking to redirects]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Redirects1">See "[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AlmDTSjnmPrJdDFQSDU2QlMxN2hBYU80ZzVlemttVXc&hl=en_GB&authkey=CJeHxskG#gid=0 Redirects]" for progress (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> KingAragorn re-categorisation all location articles; [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; and [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on video-games articles. Other high-frequency editors include: [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]] and [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], along with the aforementioned [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]] and [[User:Mithbot|Mithbot]].<br />
<br />
====2011====<br />
[[File:TG-2012.png|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in January 2012]]<br />
In November 2011, the esteemed auction firm Bonhams included a reference to the Tolkien Gateway article on [[Przemyslaw Mroczkowski]] in their lot description of a [[Letter to Przemyslaw Mroczkowski (9/10 November 1957)|1957 letter from J.R.R. Tolkien]] to the Polish professor.<ref>[http://bonhams.com/eur/auction/18992/lot/182/ Lot 182] at [http://bonhams.com/ Bonhams.com] (accessed 22 November 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
Key projects in this period included: [[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|"The Countdown to ''The Hobbit'' films"-project]], after suggestion of [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]];<ref>"[[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref><ref>"[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/13 November 2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> the creation of the index namespace and [[Main Page/Development|development]] for a new [[Main Page]] by [[User:Mith|Mith]];<ref>"[[Main Page/Development]] (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] working on technical issues and creating the new "Mithilien" skin; new editor Gamling creating articles for all [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]] and referencing articles; Morgan continuing to work on bibliographic information;<ref name="Works"/> Mith working on [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects#Dates|Dates]]<ref>"[[User talk:Mith/2011#Date restructuring|User talk:Mith/2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> and creating and redesigning several infoboxes; KingAragorn working on locations, images and redesigning the portals;<ref>"[[Forum:Portals]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on gaming-related articles; and [[User:CaptainRolly|CaptainRolly]] working on [[Tolkien Societies]]. Other high-frequency contributors include: [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Grond|Grond]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2012====<br />
<br />
In January [[2012]], news spread about [http://twitter.com/lotrproject Emil Johansson]'s ''[http://lotrproject.com/ The Lord of the Rings Family Tree Project]'' — a genealogy of characters from Tolkien's [[legendarium]], where each character carries a link to the respective Tolkien Gateway article.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/01/23/53027-student-produces-middle-earth-genealogy-site/|articlename=Student produces Middle-earth genealogy site|dated=23 January 2012|website=TORN|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/01/24/lord-of-the-ring-family-tree_n_1227790.html?ref=uk-culture|articlename=King Geek? Lord Of The Rings Super Fan Traces Middle-Earth Family Tree|dated=24 January 2012|website=[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/ ''The Huffington Post'']|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 20 August 2012, [[Shaun Gunner]] ([[User:Mith]]) took part in a panel discussion with [[Corey Olsen]] called 'Lifelong Learning Tolkien: Face-to-face and Online'. Tolkien Gateway was cited has an example of the power of the online Tolkien community, with noted scholar [[Dimitra Fimi]] claiming to be an editor.<ref name="ROTR-Troels">{{webcite|author=Troels Forchhammer|articleurl=http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/ive-been-writing-about-return-of-ring.html|articlename=The Return of the Ring|dated=25 August 2012|website=[http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk Parma-kenta]|accessed=25 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2012, the [[Mythgard Institute]] podcast "[[Riddles in the Dark]]" episode 17, featuring [[Corey Olsen]], Dave Kale, and Trish Lambert as hosts, included a positive mention of articles (particularly [[Radagast]]) on Tolkien Gateway.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.mythgard.org/2012/09/riddles-in-the-dark-17-radagast-the-brown-and-the-movie-app/|articlename=Riddles in the Dark 17: Radagast the Brown and the Movie App|dated=14 September 2012|website=[http://www.mythgard.org/ Mythgard.org]|accessed=16 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 22 November 2012, Tolkienseminariet ("The Tolkien Seminary") in Sweden, with notable members [[Anders Stenström]] and [[Åke Bertenstam]], positively reviewed Tolkien Gateway, saying that since 2003 the wiki "''has grown rapidly and now provides copious and dependable information about Middle-earth and not least about Tolkien's life and writings''"<!-- Translated by User:Morgan -->.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/author/tolkienseminariet/|articlename=<br />
22 november 2012|dated=24 January 2013|website=[http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/ Tolkienseminariet]|accessed=24 January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2013====<br />
In December 2013, surrounding the release of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', a surge in traffic meant that Tolkien Gateway briefly became a top-50,000 website worldwide.<ref name="Alexa"/><br />
<br />
====2014====<br />
<br />
On 18 May 2014, the online version of ''The New York Times'' provided a link to Tolkien Gateway's page about ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', in Ethan Gilsdorf's article "Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’".<ref>{{webcite|author=Ethan Gilsdorf|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/books/jrr-tolkeins-translation-of-beowulf-is-published.html|articlename=Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’|dated=18 May 2014|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ nytimes.com]|accessed=18 May 2014}}</ref> On 21 July 2014, the website Inquisitr referenced Tolkien Gateway's article on the [[Inklings]] in its news story about forthcoming Tolkien biopics.<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.inquisitr.com/ Inquisitr]|articleurl=http://www.inquisitr.com/1363840/movie-in-the-works-about-j-r-r-tolkien-and-c-s-lewis-together/|articlename=Movie In The Works About J.R.R. Tolkien And C.S. Lewis – Together!|dated=21 July 2014|accessed=20 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 7 August 2014, [[Shaun Gunner]], Chairman of [[The Tolkien Society]], made reference to Tolkien Gateway in an interview with [[TheOneRing.net]], saying the website has "transformed the accessibility of Tolkien".<ref>{{webcite|website=TORN|author-Kelvarhin|articlename=TORn talks to Shaun Gunner, Chairman of The Tolkien Society|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2014/08/07/92174-torn-talks-to-shaun-gunner-chairman-of-the-tolkien-society/|dated=7 August 2014|accessed=20 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
:''See also: [[wikipedia:Wiki#Trustworthiness|Wiki#Trustworthiness]] and [[wikipedia:Criticism of Wikipedia|Criticism of Wikipedia]] for criticism of wikis in general''<br />
<br />
Like other wikis, Tolkien Gateway has been criticised for the reliability of its information, its lack of sources and the frequency of its revisions. In particular, in the summer of [[2010]], Tolkien Gateway was criticised for confusing the two articles for [[Norman Power]] and [[Joseph Power]]; the prominent scholars [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] said:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|The Tolkien Gateway entry for Norman Power makes a terrible hash of it by conjoining Norman and Joseph. How on earth could the writer think that someone said to be born in 1925 (Joseph) could be a student at Oxford in the late 1930s? [..] Well, call us old-fashioned (we do), and we admit to having only a passing knowledge of the ways of wiki-creation, but it would never occur to us to post a work-in-progress, to be cleaned up by someone else, especially since people often take wiki articles, in any state of completion, as gospel truth.|[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]<ref name="Power">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7238261 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7238261]", dated [[26 July|July 26]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Power2">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7239909 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7239909]", dated [[29 July|July 29]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Despite [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] launching a defence of Tolkien Gateway on The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza, although accepting that Tolkien Gateway was better than other online encyclopaedias, the members generally complained about the unreliability of Tolkien Gateway - and wikis in general - and the ephemeral nature of the Internet, with an agreement that there was a "''distressing lack of sources''".<ref name="Plaza Critic">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=238638 The future of Tolkien knowledge]", dated [[30 July|July 30]] to [[11 August|August 11]] [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The article [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=English_and_Welsh&oldid=105660 English and Welsh] was paraded as a particularly bad example. In response to the criticisms raised, both the "Joseph Power"/"Norman Power" and "[[English and Welsh]]" articles were amended.<ref name="EandW">"[[Talk:English and Welsh]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In a review of Tolkien Gateway, Kristine Kastle claimed that it was only appropriate for the younger reader, it suffered from poor navigation, and the design was basic, lacking colour and that the life was sucked out of it; she gave Tolkien Gateway a score of 1.5 out of 4 which translates as, "''Well now at least the website is recognizable as a website; style is still not pretty much nonexistant.''"<ref name="Kastle">Kristine Kastle on [http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/ Collaborative Web Review], "[http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/3.html Tolkien Gateway Review]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The skin has been updated twice since the review although the navigation system has changed little.<ref name="Updates">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Commenting on Tolkien Gateway, Troels Forchhammer says that "''[i]t suffers from the same problems as any wiki when the subject is one of some fame or notoriety and in particular when the subject lends itself to strongly held opinions''". He also marks that Tolkien Gateway is "''trying to add thorough references to their articles, but has still a way to go''."<ref>[http://users.silenceisdefeat.net/~aft-rabt/links.html The Tolkien Newsgroups' Links Collection], dated 5 August 2008 (accessed 26 April 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
After a suggestion from [[User:Morgan]], [[Hawke Robinson]] and [[Michael Martinez]] discussed Tolkien Gateway on the ''Middle-earth Radio Talk Show'' on [[8 August]] [[2010]]. The radio hosts put forward a "''positive critique''", praising Tolkien Gateway for "''a great effort''", "''a nice layout''", and that the website should be "''recognized for all the work that has gone into this wiki''". However, they also addressed the issue that "''as all wikis, there's always room for improvement''", especially pointing out the need for "''better citation standards''".<ref>[http://middle-earthradio.com/talk-show/Middle-earth-Talk-Radio-Show-0029-2010-08-08.mp3/view Middle-earth Radion Talk Show, Episode 29] (dated 8 August 2010; from ca. 27:50) at [http://middle-earthradio.com/ Middle-earthradio.com]</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Tolkien Gateway:Membership Growth]], for detailed membership statistics and graphs<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
* [http://www.facebook.com/tolkiengateway Tolkien Gateway] on [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://lotr.wikia.com One Wiki to Rule Them All]<br />
* [http://wikiindex.org/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://wikiindex.org/Welcome WikiIndex]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:TolkienGateway&limit=500 Wikipedia articles that link to Tolkien Gateway]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Encyclopedia websites]]<br />
[[Category:Tolkien Gateway| ]]<br />
[[Category:Websites]]<br />
<br />
[[fa:دانشنامه تالکینگیتوی]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262768The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T22:32:23Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>David Joseph Grabiner<ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
Robert Alan Koeneke started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|280px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games"/> The game was shared over the whole world and several derivative versions were made. Koeneke received thousands letters from players about the game and their exploits.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> In a [http://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ forum at Google Groups] he said:<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|I have since received thousands of letters from all over the world<br />
from players telling about their exploits, and from administrators<br />
cursing the day I was born... I received mail from behind the iron<br />
curtain (while it was still standing) talking about the game on VAX's<br />
(which supposedly couldn't be there due to export laws). I used to<br />
have a map with pins for every letter I received, but I gave up on<br />
that!|Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/>}}<br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262767The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T22:31:59Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>David Joseph Grabiner<ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
Robert Alan Koeneke started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|250px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games"/> The game was shared over the whole world and several derivative versions were made. Koeneke received thousands letters from players about the game and their exploits.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> In a [http://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ forum at Google Groups] he said:<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|I have since received thousands of letters from all over the world<br />
from players telling about their exploits, and from administrators<br />
cursing the day I was born... I received mail from behind the iron<br />
curtain (while it was still standing) talking about the game on VAX's<br />
(which supposedly couldn't be there due to export laws). I used to<br />
have a map with pins for every letter I received, but I gave up on<br />
that!|Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/>}}<br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262766The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T22:31:34Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>David Joseph Grabiner<ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
Robert Alan Koeneke started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[http://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|250px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games"/> The game was shared over the whole world and several derivative versions were made. Koeneke received thousands letters from players about the game and their exploits.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> In a [http://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ forum at Google Groups] he said:<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|I have since received thousands of letters from all over the world<br />
from players telling about their exploits, and from administrators<br />
cursing the day I was born... I received mail from behind the iron<br />
curtain (while it was still standing) talking about the game on VAX's<br />
(which supposedly couldn't be there due to export laws). I used to<br />
have a map with pins for every letter I received, but I gave up on<br />
that!|Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/>}}<br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262763The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T22:02:05Z<p>Amroth: removed link to Robert Alan Koeneke</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>David Joseph Grabiner<ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
Robert Alan Koeneke started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|250px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games"/><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262762The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T22:01:43Z<p>Amroth: removed link to Robert Alan Koeneke</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>David Joseph Grabiner<ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|250px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games"/><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angband_(game)&diff=262761Angband (game)2015-01-08T22:01:03Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
'''''Angband''''' is a dungeon-crawling roguelike computer game derived from ''Umoria'' (C for Unix port of a game called ''[[Moria]]''). The first version was created by Alex Cutler and Andy Astrand at the University of Warwick in 1990. It was later enhanced by many others. Robert Alan Koeneke was the author of the game.<ref>[http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html The Dungeons of Moria] at Tolkien Games (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
It is based on the writings of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], in which [[Angband]] was the fortress of [[Morgoth]]. The adventurer is presented with 100 levels of the title dungeon, in which he or she seeks to amass enough power and equipment to ultimately defeat [[Morgoth]]. A new level is randomly generated each time the player changes levels, which gives [[Angband]] great replay value: no two games will be the same.<br />
<br />
A veritable family tree of around sixty (around a dozen of which are active) variants of Angband exist, each often greatly differing in purpose and depth of changes. The best known variants are EyAngband, Hengband, OAngband, ToME, and ZAngband.<br />
<br />
The Usenet group <code>[http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&group=rec.games.roguelike.angband rec.games.roguelike.angband]</code> is a place to discuss all the aspects of the game. An IRC channel, <code>#angband</code>, exists on the WorldIRC network (<code>irc.worldirc.org</code>).<br />
<br />
''Angband'' is open source but not strictly free software because it is licensed under "non commercial use" terms, as was its ancestor ''[[Moria]]''. However, there is an effort ongoing to re-license ''[[Angband]]'' under the GNU GPL. One advantage of this would be allowing it to be bundled with "commercial" Linux distributions. <br />
<br />
After Cutler and Astrand, the later principal developers of ''[[Angband]]'' included Charles Swiger, Ben Harrison and Robert Rühlmann. Harrison was the maintainer responsible for the "Great Code Cleanup", modularizing, extending, and greatly improving the readability of the ''[[Angband]]'' source code, which lead to the large number of variants of ''[[Angband]]'' currently available, as well as the rather large number of ports to different platforms. Like other maintainers, he eventually moved on to other interests, passing the title to Robert Rühlmann in 2000.<br />
<br />
Gameplay of Vanilla ''[[Angband]]'', as the original is now often called, is most often compared to ''NetHack'', though in reality the games are almost polar opposites. ''[[Angband]]'' adopts a more serious tone than ''NetHack'', takes far longer to win for even the best players, and the focus of the game is more on combat tactics, inventory management and risk minimalisation than ''NetHack''ish puzzle solving and special casing. This has been the source of mild conflicts between the two communities.<br />
<br />
==Angband terms==<br />
*'''Artifact''': A special item with preset statistics that cannot be destroyed, and of which only one instance exists. Once identified, they are never generated again.<br />
*'''*Band''': Generic name for any ''Angband'' variant.<br />
*'''Borg''': An automated ''Angband'' player.<br />
*'''Ego item''': A standard item with special abilities, which vary according to its ego type. eg. Soft Leather Boots of ''Speed''.<br />
*'''RNG''': Random Number Generator/God. Due to the importance of random effects in ''Angband'', the game RNG is often referred to anthropomorphically.<br />
*'''Unique''': A monster of which only one instance exists. Once killed they are never generated again. Systematically finding and killing them can be important to victory in the game, since the hardest few uniques can magically summon other uniques and thereby overpower the player. <br />
*'''Vanilla''': The unmodified version of ''Angband''.<br />
*'''Vault''': A special room which is not random, but is produced from a plan.<br />
*'''Wizard''': A debug/cheat mode.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.thangorodrim.net/ Thangorodrim] is the primary ''Angband'' site. It features development information, a variant list.<br />
*[http://angband.oook.cz/ Angband.oook.cz] (or ''oook'') contains the ''Angband'' ladder, detailed spoilers, and other resources.<br />
*[http://www.damnsw.net/~devink/ The ''Angband'' Comic] has been defunct since 2002. It was drawn in the style of the game's text interface.<br />
*[http://penancecomic.com/ Penance] is a new ''Angband'' webcomic, but drawn in a more traditional style.<br />
*The [http://www.phial.com/angband/ old official ''Angband'' home page] was maintained by Ben Harrison until 2000.<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
[[Category:Roguelikes]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262759The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:59:12Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>David Joseph Grabiner<ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|250px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games"/><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262758The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:58:45Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|250px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games"/><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262757The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:58:05Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|250px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
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[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Index:G&diff=262755Index:G2015-01-08T21:57:22Z<p>Amroth: removed David J.</p>
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* ''[[Greater Harad]]''<br />
* [[Eye of Sauron|Great Eye]]<br />
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* Great Gate<br />
** [[Great Gate of Gondolin|Great Gate]] (Gondolin)<br />
** [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith|Great Gate]] (Minas Tirith)<br />
** [[Great Gates|Great Gate]] (Moria)<br />
* [[Great glow-worms]]<br />
* [[Great Goblin]]<br />
* [[Great Gulf]]<br />
* Great Hall<br />
** [[Great Hall of Feasts]]<br />
** [[Great Hall of Thráin]]<br />
** [[Great Hall of Wootton Major]]<br />
* [[Great Horn]]<br />
* [[Great House]]<br />
* [[Silmarils|Great Jewels]]<br />
* [[Great Journey]]<br />
* [[Middle-earth|Great Lands]]<br />
* [[Great Journey|Great March]]<br />
* [[Great Market]]<br />
* [[Music of the Ainur|Great Music]]<br />
* [[Valar|Great Ones]]<br />
* [[Great Orcs]]<br />
* [[Great Plague]]<br />
* [[Great Plains]]<br />
* [[The One Ring|Great Ring]]<br />
* [[Rings of Power|Great Rings]]<br />
* [[Anduin|Great River]]<br />
* [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]<br />
* [[Great Siege]]<br />
* [[Great Smials]]<br />
* [[Great Square]]<br />
* [[Music of the Ainur|Great Theme]]<br />
* [[War of the Ring|Great War of the Ring]]<br />
* [[Glaurung|Great Worm]]<br />
* [[Ellinikós Sýllogos Philon Tólkin|Greek Tolkien Society]]<br />
* [[Green Bough of Return]]<br />
* [[Green Dragon]]<br />
* [[Green-elves]]<br />
* [[Greenfields]]<br />
* [[Garard Green|Green, Garard]]<br />
* [[Greenhand Family]]<br />
** [[Erling]]<br />
** [[Halfred Greenhand]]<br />
** [[Hending]]<br />
** [[Holman Greenhand]]<br />
** [[Holman the greenhanded]]<br />
** [[Rose (daughter of Holman)|Rose]]<br />
** [[Rowan]]<br />
* [[Green Hill Country]]<br />
* [[Green Hills]]<br />
* [[Pinnath Gelin|Green Hills of Gondor]]<br />
* [[Greenholm]]<br />
* [[Greenland]]<br />
* [[Legolas|Greenleaf]]<br />
* [[Michael Green|Green, Michael]]<br />
* [[Ezellohar|Green Mound]]<br />
* [[Roger Lancelyn Green|Green, Roger Lancelyn]]<br />
* [[Greenway]]<br />
* [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]<br />
* [[Linda Greenwood|Greenwood, Linda]]<br />
* [[Greg Ellis]]<br />
* [[The Brothers Hildebrandt|Hildebrandt, Greg]]<br />
* [[Greg Lane]]<br />
* [[User:Sigismond|Gregor Roffalski]]<br />
** [[:Category:Images by Gregor Roffalski|Images by Gregor Roffalski]]<br />
* [[Paul Raymond Gregory|Gregory, Paul Raymond]]<br />
** [[:Category:Images by Paul Raymond Gregory|Images by Paul Raymond Gregory]]<br />
* [[Grelvish]]<br />
* [[Grenadier Models Inc.]]<br />
** ''[[Grenadier Models Inc.: 1987 Photographic Compendium]]''<br />
* "[[The Grey Annals]]"<br />
* [[Thingol|Greycloak]]<br />
* [[Grey Company]]<br />
* [[Grey DeLisle]]<br />
* [[Sindar|Grey-elves]]<br />
** [[Sindarin|Grey Elvish]]<br />
* [[Gwathló|Greyflood]]<br />
* [[Greyhame]]<br />
* [[Grey Havens]]<br />
* [[Greylin]]<br />
* [[Greymantle]]<br />
* Grey Mountains<br />
** [[Grey Mountains]] (location)<br />
** [[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains]] (ancient)<br />
** ''[[The Grey Mountains]]'' (book)<br />
* [[Gandalf|Grey Pilgrim]]<br />
* [[Gandalf|Grey Wanderer]]<br />
* [[Grey Wood]]<br />
* [[Elaine Griffiths|Griffiths, Elaine]]<br />
* [[Griffo Boffin]]<br />
* [[Grim]]<br />
* [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]]<br />
* [[Grimbeorn]]<br />
* [[Grimbold]]<br />
* [[List of minor The Lord of the Rings Online characters in the Ered Luin#Grímr|Grímr]]<br />
* [[Grimslade]]<br />
* [[Helcaraxë|Grinding Ice]]<br />
* [[Grindwall]]<br />
* [[Grip]]<br />
* [[Grishnákh]]<br />
* [[Grithnir]]<br />
* [[List of minor The Lord of the Rings Online characters in the Ered Luin#Grithur|Grithur]]<br />
* [[Grof]]<br />
* [[Gróin]]<br />
* Grond<br />
** [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]] (mace)<br />
** [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] (battering ram)<br />
*** [[Grond Troll polystone bust]]<br />
* [[Grór]]<br />
* [[Daniel Grotta|Grotta, Daniel]]<br />
* [[James Grout|Grout, James]]<br />
* [[Grubb Family]]<br />
** [[Laura Grubb]]<br />
** [[Lavender Grubb]]<br />
** [[Messrs Grubb, Grubb and Burrowes]]<br />
* [[Gruffo Boffin]]<br />
* [[Gruir]]<br />
* [[GT Interactive Software Corp.]]<br />
* [[List of minor The Lord of the Rings Online characters in the Ered Luin#Unnarr|Guard-captain Unnarr]]<br />
* [[Christopher Guard|Guard, Christopher]]<br />
* [[Dominic Guard|Guard, Dominic]]<br />
* [[Talath Dirnen|Guarded Plain]]<br />
* [[Guards of the Citadel]]<br />
* Guay, Rebecca<br />
** [[:Category:Images by Rebecca Guay|Images by Rebecca Guay]]<br />
* [[Denys Gueroult|Gueroult, Denys]]<br />
* [[Guest-elves]]<br />
* [[Kim Mai Guest|Guest, Kim Mai]]<br />
* [[Ulmo|Guiar]]<br />
* "[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings]]"<br />
* ''[[A Guide to Playing The Hobbit]]''<br />
* [[Guild Publishing]]<br />
* [[Guild of Venturers]]<br />
* [[Guild of Weaponsmiths]]<br />
* [[Guilin]]<br />
* [[Guillermo del Toro]]<br />
* [[gûl]]<br />
* [[KUL|GUL]]<br />
* [[guldur]]<br />
* [[Gulf of Lune]]<br />
* [[Gulls]]<br />
* [[Ulmo|Gulma]]<br />
* [[Gundabad]]<br />
* [[Gundabald Bolger]]<br />
* [[Gundahad Bolger]]<br />
* [[Gundahar Bolger]]<br />
* [[Gundolpho Bolger]]<br />
* [[Gundor]]<br />
* [[gurth]]<br />
* [[Gurthang]]<br />
* [[Lars Gustafsson|Gustafsson, Lars]]<br />
* [[Guthláf]]<br />
* [[Gúthwinë]]<br />
* [[Guy Gavriel Kay]]<br />
* [[Guy Gondron]]<br />
** [[:Category:Images by Guy Gondron|Images by Guy Gondron]]<br />
* [[gwael]]<br />
* [[gwaen]]<br />
* [[Gwaeron]]<br />
* [[gwaew]]<br />
* [[Gwaihir]]<br />
* [[gwaith]]<br />
* Gwaith-i-Mírdain<br />
** [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] (people)<br />
** "[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain (song)|Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]" (song)<br />
* [[gwanur]]<br />
* [[gwanûr]]<br />
* [[gwar]]<br />
* [[Gwarestrin]]<br />
* [[gwar|gwareth]]<br />
* [[gwath]]<br />
* [[gwathel]]<br />
* [[Gwathir]]<br />
* [[Gwathló]]<br />
* [[gwathren]]<br />
* [[gwathui]]<br />
* [[Dunlendings|gwathuirim]]<br />
* [[gweith]]<br />
* [[gwend]]<br />
* [[gwathel|gwethil]]<br />
* [[gwilith]]<br />
* [[Gwindor]]<br />
* [[gwing]]<br />
* [[Vairë|Gwîr]]<br />
</div><br />
__NOTITLE__</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Index:D&diff=262754Index:D2015-01-08T21:56:49Z<p>Amroth: </p>
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|-<br />
| colspan="2" style=" padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em; text-align: center;"|'''Browse:'''&nbsp; [[Index:A|A]]&nbsp; [[Index:B|B]]&nbsp; [[Index:C|C]]&nbsp; [[Index:D|D]]&nbsp; [[Index:E|E]]&nbsp; [[Index:F|F]]&nbsp; [[Index:G|G]]&nbsp; [[Index:H|H]]&nbsp; [[Index:I|I]]&nbsp; [[Index:J|J]]&nbsp; [[Index:K|K]]&nbsp; [[Index:L|L]]&nbsp; [[Index:M|M]]&nbsp; [[Index:N|N]]&nbsp; [[Index:O|O]]&nbsp; [[Index:P|P]]&nbsp; [[Index:Q|Q]]&nbsp; [[Index:R|R]]&nbsp; [[Index:S|S]]&nbsp; [[Index:T|T]]&nbsp; [[Index:U|U]]&nbsp; [[Index:V|V]]&nbsp; [[Index:W|W]]&nbsp; [[Index:X|X]]&nbsp; [[Index:Y|Y]]&nbsp; [[Index:Z|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
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<div style="-moz-column-width: 215px; -webkit-column-width: 215px; column-width: 215px; -moz-column-gap: 15px; -webkit-column-gap: 15px; column-gap: 15px; -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc; -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc; column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc;"><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150px; line-height:90%;">D</span><br />
* [[dacil]]<br />
* [[Daddy Twofoot]]<br />
* [[dae]]<br />
* [[Daeron]]<br />
* [[dag]]<br />
* [[Daggers of Westernesse]]<br />
* [[Dagmor]]<br />
* [[Dagnir]]<br />
* "[[Dagnir Glaurunga]]"<br />
* [[dagor]]<br />
* [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]]<br />
* [[Dagor Aglareb]]<br />
* Dagor Bragollach<br />
** [[Dagor Bragollach]] (battle)<br />
** "[[Dagor Bragollach (song)|Dagor Bragollach]]" (song)<br />
* [[Dagor Dagorath]]<br />
* [[Dagorlad]]<br />
* ''[[Dagorlad and the Dead Marshes]]''<br />
* [[Dailir]]<br />
* Dáin<br />
** [[Dáin I]]<br />
** [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]<br />
*** [[Dáin's halls]]<br />
* [[Dairuin]]<br />
* [[Daisy Baggins]]<br />
* [[Daisy Gamgee]]<br />
* [[Daisy Gardner]]<br />
* [[Dale]]<br />
** [[Men of Dale]]<br />
** [[Language of Dale]]<br />
* [[Damrod]]<br />
* [[Lenwë|Dân]]<br />
* [[Dan Smith]]<br />
* [[Danbury Mint]]<br />
* [[Paul Daneman]]<br />
* [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
* "[[Dangweth Pengoloð]]"<br />
* [[Nandorin|Danian]]<br />
* [[Daniel Falconer]]<br />
* [[Daniel Govar]]<br />
* [[Daniel Grotta]]<br />
* [[Daniel Reeve]]<br />
* [[Anthony Daniels]]<br />
* [[Dansk Tolkien Selskab]]<br />
* [[DAT|DANT]]<br />
* [[Daran Norris]]<br />
* [[List of minor The Lord of the Rings Online characters in Bree-land#Daren Mills|Daren Mills]]<br />
* [[Mordor|Dark Country]]<br />
* [[Dark Door]]<br />
* [[Eöl|Dark Elf]]<br />
* [[Moriquendi|Dark-elves]]<br />
* [[Darkening of Valinor]]<br />
* ''[[Darker than the Darkness]]''<br />
* [[Dark Land]]<br />
* [[Dark Lord]]<br />
* ''[[Dark Mage of Rhudaur]]''<br />
* [[Mountains of Mirkwood|Dark Mountains]]<br />
* Darkness<br />
** [[The Darkness]] (weapon)<br />
** [[Darkness (concept)|Darkness]] (concept)<br />
* [[Great Plague|Dark Plague]]<br />
* [[Dark Throne]]<br />
* [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]]<br />
* [[Dark Tree]]<br />
* [[Dark Years]]<br />
* [[Darrell Sweet]]<br />
* [[Darryl Kurylo]]<br />
* [[dartha]]<br />
* [[DaS Production s.r.l.]]<br />
* [[DAT]]<br />
* "[[Daughter of Strife]]"<br />
* [[daur]]<br />
* [[Dave Wittenberg]]<br />
* [[David Arkenstone]]<br />
* [[David Bratman]]<br />
* [[David Brawn]]<br />
* [[David Brierly]]<br />
* [[David Buck]]<br />
* [[David Collings]]<br />
* [[David Day]]<br />
* [[David Elkan]]<br />
* [[David Giraudeau]]<br />
* [[David Hemmings]]<br />
* [[David Lodge]]<br />
* [[David Salo]]<br />
* [[David Weatherley]]<br />
* [[David Wenham]]<br />
* [[David T. Wenzel]]<br />
** ''[[The Hobbit (comic book)|David T. Wenzel's The Hobbit]]''<br />
* [[David Day]]<br />
* [[Days of Bliss]]<br />
* [[Days of Dearth]]<br />
* [[Undead|Dead]]<br />
* [[Dead Marshes]]<br />
* [[Oathbreakers|Dead Men of Dunharrow]]<br />
* ''[[Dead Ringers]]''<br />
* [[Dead Tree]]<br />
* [[Déagol]]<br />
* [[Dean O'Gorman]]<br />
* [[Death Down]]<br />
* [[Michael Deacon]]<br />
* [[Rob Dean]]<br />
* [[Durin|The Deathless]]<br />
* [[L. Sprague de Camp]]<br />
* [[December]]<br />
**[[1 December]]<br />
**[[2 December]]<br />
**[[3 December]]<br />
**[[4 December]]<br />
**[[5 December]]<br />
**[[6 December]]<br />
**[[7 December]]<br />
**[[8 December]]<br />
**[[9 December]]<br />
**[[10 December]]<br />
**[[11 December]]<br />
**[[12 December]]<br />
**[[13 December]]<br />
**[[14 December]]<br />
**[[15 December]]<br />
**[[16 December]]<br />
**[[17 December]]<br />
**[[18 December]]<br />
**[[19 December]]<br />
**[[20 December]]<br />
**[[21 December]]<br />
**[[22 December]]<br />
**[[23 December]]<br />
**[[24 December]]<br />
**[[25 December]]<br />
**[[26 December]]<br />
**[[27 December]]<br />
**[[28 December]]<br />
**[[29 December]]<br />
**[[30 December]]<br />
**[[31 December]]<br />
* [[Decipher]]<br />
** [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game|Decipher Cards]]<br />
* [[Dee Bradley Baker]]<br />
* [[Charles Deenen]]<br />
* [[Gormadoc Brandybuck|Deepdelver Brandybuck]]<br />
* [[Noldor|Deep-elves]]<br />
* [[Deephallow]]<br />
* [[Deeping-coomb]]<br />
* [[Deeping-stream]]<br />
* [[Deeping Wall]]<br />
* [[Deer]]<br />
* [[Cabed-en-Aras|Deer's Leap]]<br />
* Letters to Deirdre Levinson<br />
** [[Letter to Deirdre Levinson (13 June 1955)|13 June 1955]]<br />
** [[Letter to Deirdre Levinson (28 April 1956)|28 April 1956]]<br />
** [[Letter to Deirdre Levinson (20 December 1956)|20 December 1956]]<br />
** [[Letter to Deirdre Levinson (26 June 1957)|26 June 1957]]<br />
* [[Gene Deitch]]<br />
* [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Deldúwath]]<br />
* [[Grey DeLisle]]<br />
* [[delos]]<br />
* [[Delta 4 Software]]<br />
* [[Demons]]<br />
* "[[Den besynnerlige professor Tolkien]]"<br />
* Denethor<br />
** [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]] (elf)<br />
** [[Denethor I]] (Steward of Gondor)<br />
** [[Denethor|Denethor II]] (father of Boromir and Faramir)<br />
* [[Denis McCarthy]]<br />
* [[Letter to Dr. Denis Tolhurst|Letter to Denis Tolhurst]]<br />
* ''[[Denizens of the Dark Wood]]''<br />
* [[Denys Gueroult]]<br />
* [[Denys Hawthorne]]<br />
* [[Déor]]<br />
* [[Déorwine]]<br />
* "[[Der Berggeist]]"<br />
* [[Ryszard Derdzinski]]<br />
* ''[[Der Kleine Hobbit]]''<br />
* ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]''<br />
* [[Derek Jacobi]]<br />
* [[Derek Prentice]]<br />
* [[Derndingle]]<br />
* [[Dernhelm]]<br />
* [[Letter to Derrick Parnum|Letter to Derrick Parnum]]<br />
* [[Derufin]]<br />
* [[Dervorin]]<br />
* [[Desert of Lostladen]]<br />
* "[[Desk certificate 27 July 1972]]"<br />
* [[Desolation of the Dragon]]<br />
* [[Desolation of the Morannon]]<br />
* [[Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft e.V.]]<br />
* [[Michaël Devaux]]<br />
* [[dewin]]<br />
* [[di]]<br />
* [[Marian Diamond]]<br />
* [[Diamond of Long Cleeve]]<br />
* [[Diana Glyer]]<br />
* [[The Diaries of J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
* [[Dick Plotz]]<br />
** [[Letter to Dick Plotz|Letter to Dick Plotz]]<br />
** [[The Plotz Declension]]<br />
* [[Hugh Dickson]]<br />
* [[Didier Willis]]<br />
* ''[[Die Walküre]]''<br />
* [[Dietrich Ebert]]<br />
* ''[[Digging Potatoes, Growing Trees]]<br />
* [[Diggle Family]]<br />
** [[Dina Diggle]]<br />
* [[Stephen DiGregorio]]<br />
* [[ndil|-dil]]<br />
* [[Ray Dillon]]<br />
* [[dim]]<br />
* [[Dimas Caparrós Gómez]]<br />
* [[Dimbar]]<br />
* [[Dimholt]]<br />
* [[Dimitra Fimi]]<br />
* [[Dimrill Dale]]<br />
* [[Great Gates|Dimrill Gate]]<br />
* [[Dimrill Stair]]<br />
* [[Dimrost]]<br />
* [[dîn]]<br />
* [[Dina Diggle]]<br />
* [[dínen]]<br />
* [[Dinodas Brandybuck]]<br />
* Dior<br />
** [[Dior]] (elf)<br />
** [[Dior (Steward of Gondor)|Dior]] (Steward of Gondor)<br />
* [[Diplomat, October 1966|''Diplomat'', October 1966]]<br />
* [[Dírhael]]<br />
* [[Dírhavel]]<br />
* [[DirkJan 16|''DirkJan'' 16]]<br />
* [[List of minor The Lord of the Rings Online characters in Bree-land#Dirk Mudbrick|Dirk Mudbrick]]<br />
* [[Dírnaith]]<br />
* [[Dís]]<br />
* [[Paula DiSante]]<br />
* [[Battle of the Gladden Fields|Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]<br />
* [[Disaster of the Morannon]]<br />
* [[Disa Törngren]]<br />
* [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]<br />
* [[Charles Dixon]]<br />
* ''[[Djävulens nya kläder]]''<br />
* [[Nina Dobner]]<br />
* [[Doderic Brandybuck]]<br />
* [[Dodinas Brandybuck]]<br />
* [[Dogs]]<br />
* [[dol]]<br />
* [[Dol Amroth]]<br />
* [[Dol Baran]]<br />
* [[Jenny Dolfen]]<br />
* Dol Guldur<br />
** [[Dol Guldur]] (location)<br />
** ''[[Dol Guldur (album)|Dol Guldur]]'' (album)<br />
** ''[[Dol Guldur (book)|Dol Guldur]]'' (book)<br />
* [[Dolmed]]<br />
* [[Dome of Stars]]<br />
* [[Dominic Armato]]<br />
* [[Dominic Guard]]<br />
* [[Dominic Monaghan]]<br />
* [[Dominic Norris]]<br />
* [[Dominion of Men]]<br />
* [[Letter to Donald A. Wollheim|Letter to Donald A. Wollheim]]<br />
* [[Donald Gee]]<br />
* [[Donald Swann]]<br />
* [[Donato Giancola]]<br />
* [[Don Messick]]<br />
* [[Donnamira Took]]<br />
* [[Don Woods]]<br />
* "[[Doom of the Last-King]]"<br />
* [[Doom of Mandos]]<br />
* [[Gift of Men|Doom of Men]]<br />
* [[Doom of Mandos|Doom of the Noldor]]<br />
* [[Mandos|Doomsman of the Valar]]<br />
* [[Door of Night]]<br />
* [[Doors of Durin]]<br />
* [[Doors of Felagund]]<br />
* [[dôr]]<br />
* [[Dora Baggins]]<br />
* [[Colleen Doran]]<br />
* [[Dor Caranthir]]<br />
* [[Dor-Cúarthol]]<br />
* Dor Daedeloth<br />
** [[Dor Daedeloth]] (location)<br />
** "[[Dor Daedeloth (song)|Dor Daedeloth]]" (song)<br />
* [[Dor Daidelos]]<br />
* [[Dor Dínen]]<br />
* [[Dor-en-Ernil]]<br />
* [[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]]<br />
* [[Dori]]<br />
* [[Doriath]]<br />
** [[Doriathrin]]<br />
* [[Dorlas]]<br />
* [[Dor-lómin]]<br />
* [[Dor-nu-Fauglith]]<br />
* [[List of minor The Lord of the Rings Online characters in the Ered Luin#Dorollas|Dorollas]]<br />
* [[Dorongúr Whitethorn]]<br />
* [[Letter to Dorothy|Letter to "Dorothy"]]<br />
* [[Dorothy Whitelock]]<br />
* [[Dorthonion]]<br />
* [[Dorwinion]]<br />
* [[Doug Adams]]<br />
* [[Douglas A. Anderson]]<br />
* [[Douglas C. Kane]]<br />
* [[Douglas C. Kenney]]<br />
* [[Douglas Livingstone]]<br />
* [[Dourhands]]<br />
* [[Brad Dourif]]<br />
* [[Index:Fauna of Arda|Doves]]<br />
* "[[Down, Down, To Goblin Town]]"<br />
* [[Sarah Downey]]<br />
* [[Downfall of Barad-dûr]]<br />
* [[Downfall of Númenor]]<br />
* [[Númenor|Downfallen]]<br />
* [[Richard Doyle]]<br />
* [[Drachenschmeide]]<br />
* [[Smaug|Dragon of Erebor]]<br />
* [[Dragon Flame]]<br />
* [[Index:Fauna of Arda|Dragonflies]]<br />
* [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]]<br />
* [[Dragons]]<br />
* ''[[The Dragon's Apprentice]]''<br />
* ''[[Draksjukan]]''<br />
* [[Dramborleg]]<br />
* [[draug]]<br />
* [[Draugluin]]<br />
* ''[[Drawings by Tolkien (exhibition catalogue)|Drawings by Tolkien]]<br />
* [[Dread Helm]]<br />
* [[Drengist]]<br />
* [[Dro Soft]]<br />
* [[Drogo Baggins]]<br />
* [[Drogoth]]<br />
* [[Michael D.C. Drout]]<br />
* [[Akallabêth|Drowning of Númenor]]<br />
* [[Drû]]<br />
* [[Drúadan Forest]]<br />
* [[Drúadan language]]<br />
* [[Drúedain|Drúath]]<br />
* [[Druda Burrows]]<br />
* [[Drúedain]]<br />
* [[Drúedain of Beleriand]]<br />
* [[Drúedain|Drûg-folk]]<br />
* [[Drughu]]<br />
* [[Drúedain|Drúin]]<br />
* "[[Drums in the Deep]]"<br />
* [[Drúwaith Iaur]]<br />
* [[Dry Creek Quarry]]<br />
* [[Dry River]]<br />
* ''[[Drömmar i det förflutna: Berättelser - essäer - kåserier]]''<br />
* [[dû]]<br />
* [[dúath]]<br />
* [[duban]]<br />
* [[Kathleen E. Dubs]]<br />
* [[The Dublin Review (January 1945)|''The Dublin Review'' (January 1945)]]<br />
* [[Dudo Baggins]]<br />
* [[Jo-Anna Dueck]]<br />
* ''[[Duga]]''<br />
* Duilin<br />
** [[Duilin of Gondolin|Duilin]] (elf)<br />
** [[Duilin (son of Duinhir)|Duilin]] (son of Duinhir)<br />
* [[Duilwen]]<br />
* [[duin]]<br />
* [[Duinhir]]<br />
* [[Dûr|duir]]<br />
* [[dûm]]<br />
* [[Dumbledors]]<br />
* [[dûn]]<br />
* [[Dúnedain|Dúnadan]]<br />
* [[Alister Duncan]]<br />
* [[Frank Duncan]]<br />
* [[Duncan McIntyre]]<br />
* [[James Dundas-Grant]]<br />
* [[Dúnedain]]<br />
* [[Dúnedain of Arnor]]<br />
* [[Dúnedain of the South]]<br />
* [[Dungalef]]<br />
* ''[[Dungeon Adventure]]''<br />
* ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''<br />
* [[Lori Dungey]]<br />
* [[Nan Dungortheb|Dungorthin]]<br />
* [[Dunharrow|Dúnharg]]<br />
* [[Dunharrow]]<br />
* [[Dúnhere]]<br />
* [[Dunhir]]<br />
* [[Dunland]]<br />
* ''[[Dunland and the Southern Misty Mountains]]''<br />
* [[Dunlendings]]<br />
* [[Dunlendish]]<br />
* [[James Dunning]]<br />
* [[-ndur|Dur]]<br />
* [[dûr]]<br />
* [[List of minor The Lord of the Rings Online characters in the Ered Luin#Dúri Bold-Hammer|Dúri Bold-Hammer]]<br />
* [[Colin Duriez]]<br />
* Durin<br />
** [[Durin]] the Deathless<br />
*** [[Durin's Axe]]<br />
*** [[Durin's Crown]]<br />
*** [[Durin's Day]]<br />
*** [[Durin's Folk]]<br />
**** [[Kings of Durin's Folk]]<br />
*** [[Durin's Stone]]<br />
*** [[Durin's Tower]]<br />
** [[Durin II]]<br />
** [[Durin III]]<br />
** [[Durin IV]]<br />
** [[Durin V]]<br />
** [[Durin VI]]<br />
*** [[Durin's Bane]]<br />
** [[Durin VII]]<br />
* [[Durthang]]<br />
* [[Unquendor|Dutch Tolkien Society]]<br />
** [[Dutch Tolkien Calendar 2006]]<br />
* [[Dwalin]]<br />
* [[Dwaling]]<br />
* [[Dwarves|Dwarf]]<br />
* [[Dwarf-mail]]<br />
* [[Dwarf-mask]]<br />
* [[Seven Rings|Dwarf-rings]]<br />
* [[Dwarf realms]]<br />
* Dwarf-road<br />
** [[Dwarf-road of Beleriand]]<br />
** [[Dwarf-road of Mirkwood]]<br />
* [[Khuzdul|Dwarf-tongue]]<br />
* [[Dwarf-women]]<br />
* [[Moria|Dwarrowdelf]]<br />
* [[Dwarves]]<br />
* [[Dwarves of Belegost]]<br />
* [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]]<br />
* [[Dwarves of Erebor]]<br />
* [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]]<br />
* [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]<br />
* [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
* [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]<br />
* [[Khuzdul|Dwarvish]]<br />
* [[Dwimmerlaik]]<br />
* [[Dwimorberg]]<br />
** [[Dwimorberg glen]]<br />
* [[Lothlórien|Dwimordene]]<br />
* [[Valentine Dyall]]<br />
* [[Hugo Dyson]]<br />
* ''[[Dżentelmeni i poeci]]''<br />
</div><br />
__NOTITLE__</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262753The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:56:36Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|300px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262752The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:55:33Z<p>Amroth: /* Derivative versions */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|300px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David J. Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262751The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:54:30Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|300px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David J. Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262750The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:53:34Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> <br />
<br />
The game was officialy maintained by David J. Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262749The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:38:20Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom<ref name="Angelfire"/> but it was, according to Koeneke, probally never finished.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262748The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:34:07Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Although, development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoo,<ref name="Angelfire"/> it was, according to Koeneke, probally never finished.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=File:The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)_-_Amiga_version.png&diff=262747File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Amiga version.png2015-01-08T21:28:14Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
A screenshot of the [[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga version]] of [[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)|The Dungeons of Moria video game]].<br />
<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{Copyright-fairuse|Robert Alan Koeneke}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Images from The Dungeons of Moria (video game)]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=File:The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)_-_Amiga_version.png&diff=262746File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Amiga version.png2015-01-08T21:27:30Z<p>Amroth: A screenshot of the Amiga version of The Dungeons of Moria video game.</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
A screenshot of the [[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga version]] of [[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)|The Dungeons of Moria video game]].<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{Copyright-fairuse|INSERT COPYRIGHT HOLDER WITH WEBSITE LINK}}</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262745The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T21:18:14Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
In 1983-1985, Koeneke used the advice of player to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would raise raise the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke stopped participation in the developed, when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Although, development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoo,<ref name="Angelfire"/> it was never released.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262743The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T20:35:39Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
<!-- because he could after being introduced to video games - in particular''Colossal Cave Adventure'' and ''Rogue'' -<br />
<br />
The original version was written by [[Robert Alan Koeneke]] <br />
Version 1.0 was written in VMS Pascal and completed in the summer of 1983. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in 1986 or 1987.<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262742The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T20:35:18Z<p>Amroth: /* Development */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
[[Robert Alan Koeneke]] started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its' new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and spread it amongst students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
<!-- because he could after being introduced to video games - in particular''Colossal Cave Adventure'' and ''Rogue'' -<br />
<br />
The original version was written by [[Robert Alan Koeneke]] <br />
Version 1.0 was written in VMS Pascal and completed in the summer of 1983. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in 1986 or 1987.<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262739The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T19:48:40Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, drawing inspiration from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
The original version was written by [[Robert Alan Koeneke]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access.<br />
Version 1.0 was written in VMS Pascal and completed in the summer of 1983. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in 1986 or 1987.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=File:The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)_-_Gameplay.png&diff=262738File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png2015-01-08T19:45:46Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Licensing ==<br />
{{Copyright-fairuse|Robert Alan Koeneke}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Images from The Dungeons of Moria (video game)]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=File:The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)_-_Gameplay.png&diff=262737File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png2015-01-08T19:45:18Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Licensing ==<br />
{{Copyright-fairuse|INSERT COPYRIGHT HOLDER WITH WEBSITE LINK}}</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262736The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T19:36:48Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}<br />
{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, based on a story from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
The original version was written by [[Robert Alan Koeneke]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access.<br />
Version 1.0 was written in VMS Pascal and completed in the summer of 1983. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in 1986 or 1987.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262735The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T19:36:31Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{claimed|[[User:Amroth|Amroth]]}}{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, based on a story from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
The original version was written by [[Robert Alan Koeneke]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access.<br />
Version 1.0 was written in VMS Pascal and completed in the summer of 1983. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in 1986 or 1987.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Category:X_Window_games&diff=262734Category:X Window games2015-01-08T19:35:15Z<p>Amroth: Created page with "Category:Video games by platform"</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Video games by platform]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Category:VAX_games&diff=262733Category:VAX games2015-01-08T19:35:04Z<p>Amroth: Created page with "Category:Video games by platform"</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Video games by platform]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Category:Unix_games&diff=262732Category:Unix games2015-01-08T19:34:54Z<p>Amroth: Created page with "Category:Video games by platform"</p>
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<div>[[Category:Video games by platform]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262731The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T19:34:30Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]]<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><br/>Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/><br/>[[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] <!-- James E. Wilson, --><br />
| publisher=<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]]<br/>[[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]]<br/>[[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]]<br/>[[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, based on a story from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
The original version was written by [[Robert Alan Koeneke]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access.<br />
Version 1.0 was written in VMS Pascal and completed in the summer of 1983. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in 1986 or 1987.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
<br />
==Derivative versions==<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Grabiner]] maintained the game.<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Angband (game)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Amiga games]]<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]<br />
[[Category:Role playing games]]<br />
[[Category:Unix games]]<br />
[[Category:VAX games]]<br />
[[Category:X Window games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Dungeons_of_Moria_(video_game)&diff=262729The Dungeons of Moria (video game)2015-01-08T19:05:57Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png|250px]]<br />
| name=The Dungeons of Moria<br />
| developer=[[Robert Alan Koeneke]], Jimmy Wayne Todd, James E. Wilson, [[David J. Grabiner]]<ref>[http://remarque.org/~grabiner/ David Grabiner's Official Website] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref><br />
| publisher=Unknown<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]], [[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]], [[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]], [[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]], [[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]], [[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]], [[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]<br />
| releasedate=[[1983]]<br />
| genre=RPG<br />
|}}<br />
'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also know as ''Moria'', is an old rogue-like computer game, based on a story from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The goal in the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> The original version was written by [[Robert Alan Koeneke]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access.<br />
<br />
Version 1.0 was written in VMS Pascal and completed in the summer of 1983. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in 1986 or 1987.<br />
<br />
''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.<br />
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]<br />
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]<br />
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]<br />
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}<br />
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari ST games]]<br />
[[Category:Linux games]]<br />
[[Category:DOS games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug&diff=262725The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug2015-01-08T18:49:07Z<p>Amroth: /* Cast */ And some more</p>
<hr />
<div>{{film infobox<br />
| image=[[File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - poster 1.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''<br />
| director=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="HBTitles">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563|articlename=Titles and Release Dates Announced|dated=31-May-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br/>[[Andy Serkis]] (Second Unit Director)<ref name="HBAndy"><br />
{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2234|articlename=Andy Serkis to serve as Second Unit Director|dated=8-April-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
| producer=Peter Jackson<br/>[[Fran Walsh]]<br/>[[Carolynne Cunningham]]<br/>[[Zane Weiner]]<br/>[[Philippa Boyens]] (Co-Producer)<br/>[[Eileen Moran]] (Co-Producer)<br/>[[Alan Horn]] (Executive Producer)<br/>[[Toby Emmerich]] (Executive Producer)<br/>[[Ken Kamins]] (Executive Producer)<br/>[[Caroline Blackwood]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| writer=Peter Jackson<br/>Fran Walsh<br/>Philippa Boyens<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| narrator=<br />
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]]<br/>[[Ian McKellen]]<br/>[[Richard Armitage]]<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br/>''[[The Hobbit (film series)#Confirmed cast|See cast section below for more]]''<br />
| music=[[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/><br />
| cinematography=[[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/><br />
| editing=<br />
| studio=[[New Line Cinema]]<br/>[[MGM]]<br/>[[WingNut Films]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| distributor=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| released=[[13 December]] [[2013]]<ref name="HBTitles2">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/the-hobbit-trilogy-titles-and-release-dates/|articlename=The Hobbit Trilogy titles and release dates|dated=2-September-2012|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=2-September-2012}}</ref><br />
| runtime=<br />
| country=[[New Zealand]]<br/>[[United Kingdom]]<br/>[[United States]]<br />
| language=English<br />
| budget= <br />
| website=[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com]<br />
| imdb_id=1170358<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''''' is the second of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film trilogy]] based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[1937]] novel ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It was released on [[13 December]] [[2013]] in North America. It was preceded by ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|An Unexpected Journey]]'' in [[2012]] and will be followed by ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' in [[2014]].<br />
<br />
==Synopsis==<br />
{{Blockquote|“The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug” continues the adventure of the title character [[Bilbo Baggins]] as he journeys with the Wizard [[Gandalf]] and thirteen Dwarves, led by [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]], on an epic quest to reclaim the Lonely Mountain and the lost Dwarf Kingdom of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<br />
<br />
''Having survived the beginning of their unexpected journey, the Company continues East, encountering along the way the skin-changer [[Beorn]] and a swarm of giant Spiders in the treacherous forest of [[Mirkwood]]. After escaping capture by the dangerous [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], the Dwarves journey to Lake-town, and finally to the Lonely Mountain itself, where they must face the greatest danger of all — a creature more terrifying than any other; one which will test not only the depth of their courage but the limits of their friendship and the wisdom of the journey itself — the Dragon [[Smaug]].''|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2013/10/17/80789-warner-bros-full-synopsis-for-the-hobbit-the-desolation-of-smaug-provides-some-plot-hints/|articlename=Warner Bros. full synopsis for The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug provides some plot hints?|dated=17-October-2013|website=TORN|accessed=17-October-2013}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
At [[the Prancing Pony]] Inn in [[Bree]], [[Gandalf]] the Grey warns [[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]] that someone is trying to have him killed. He persuades Thorin to obtain the [[Arkenstone]] to unite the [[Dwarves]], and suggests that a stealthy burglar may be needed to steal the jewel back from [[Smaug]].<br />
<br />
Twelve months later, Thorin and his [[Thorin and Company|Company]] are being pursued by [[Azog]] and his [[Orcs|Orc]] party down the [[Carrock]] following the events of the previous film. After [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] informs the group that a [[Bears|bear]] is also tracking them, Gandalf ushers them along to the home of a [[Skin-changers|skin-changer]]. Upon their arrival, they are attacked by the same bear; Gandalf reveals that it is the [[Beorn's Hall|home]] of [[Beorn]] and that he may be able to aid them in their journey. That night, Azog is summoned to [[Dol Guldur]] by the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]], and instructs his son [[Bolg]] to take over the hunt for Thorin. The next day, Beorn loans his [[horses]] to the company so they can reach [[Mirkwood]] and hinder the pursuing Orcs. Upon arrival at the forest border, Gandalf discovers [[Black Speech]] graffiti imprinted on an old ruin, coinciding with a telepathic message from [[Galadriel]] imploring him to investigate the tombs of the [[Nazgûl]] (at an [[High Fells of Rhudaur|unnamed location]]). <br />
Without giving any reason for his sudden departure, Gandalf advises the Company to follow the [[Elves|Elven]] path though Mirkwood, and to wait for him before entering the [[Lonely Mountain]]. But upon losing their way in the forest, the Dwarves are captured by giant [[spiders]]. Bilbo, with the help of his new [[The One Ring|Ring]], manages to free them from the webs and names his sword [[Sting]]. However, while fighting the attacking spiders, Bilbo drops the Ring, and he begins to learn of the corruption it has on him after brutally killing a crab-like spider to retrieve it.<br />
<br />
The Dwarves are captured by the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], including [[Legolas]] and [[Tauriel]], a captain of the guard. They are to the Elven-king [[Thranduil]]'s [[Elvenking's Halls|kingdom]], and are locked up. During their captivity, a romantic subplot develops between Tauriel and [[Kíli]]. <br />
While the others are imprisoned, Thorin is given audience with Thranduil, but he refuses Thranduil's aid and is imprisoned as well. Under the cloak of the Ring, Bilbo helps the Dwarves to escape by using empty wine barrels, which are sent floating down the river. Along the way, they are ambushed by Bolg and his Orc party, while the Elves pursue the Dwarves to cease their escape. In the ensuing chaos, Kíli is wounded by a Morgul arrow. Legolas and Tauriel are forced to halt their pursuit of the Dwarves in order to end the Orc onslaught. One [[Narzug|captive]] is imprisoned and questioned by Thranduil. When Thranduil learns that "The One" has returned, he decides to seal off his kingdom to protect it from the impending evil. However, Tauriel leaves to save Kíli, whom she learns has been poisoned by Bolg's arrow, and Legolas accompanies her.<br />
<br />
Subsequently, the Company meets a man named [[Bard]], and they bribe him to smuggle them into [[Lake-town]], where the descendants of [[Dale]] made their home, and where the [[Master of Lake-town|Master]] of the town rules with an iron fist. The group attempts to steal weapons before being captured and in the process learn that Bard is a descendant of Dale's ruler, [[Girion]], who died attempting to kill Smaug with [[Black Arrow]]s. After Thorin convinces the townfolk and Master that they will share the riches of the recaptured Mountain, the adventurers receive a grand send-off the next morning. The injured Kíli is ordered to stay behind until he gets his strength back; [[Óin]], [[Fíli]] and [[Bofur]] also remain to tend him in Bard's house.<br />
<br />
As the events of Thorin's Company occurs, Gandalf reaches the remote tomb of the Nazgûl and found that they have been revived. He is joined by [[Radagast]] the Brown, and it is revealed that the Necromancer cannot be a mere human, as the Nazgûl answer only to one [[Sauron|master]]. Returning to Mirkwood, while sending Radagast to warn Galadriel of their discovery, Gandalf enters the Orc- and [[Wargs|Warg]]-infested Dol Guldur, and is attacked by Azog. While attempting to escape, the Necromancer appears, and, following a duel between the two, Gandalf is captured. With his worst fears realized – that the Necromancer is indeed [[Sauron]] – Gandalf watches in horror as the Orc army marches toward the Lonely Mountain.<br />
<br />
Once at the Lonely Mountain, Bilbo deciphers the [[Thrór's Map|map]]'s cryptic clue and uses moonlight to find the hidden keyhole that opens the [[Back Door|secret door]] into the mountain. [[Balin]] then explains Bilbo's real purpose and sends him down to the treasury to locate the Arkenstone. Unfortunately, Bilbo's searching quickly awakens Smaug, who initially finds the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] amusing, but swiftly tires of him and intends to kill him. In Lake-town, Bard hears the rumbling caused by Smaug's awakening and attempts to affix the last Black Arrow to the town's launcher, but is arrested. Óin, Fíli, Bofur, and Bard's daughters, [[Sigrid]] and [[Tilda]], are attacked by Bolg's hunting party before Legolas and Tauriel drive them off, with the latter remaining behind to tend to Kíli. Then, in a dream-like state after his medication, Kíli admits his love for Tauriel. After convincing Thorin that they must help Bilbo, the Dwarves enter the Mountain and find themselves and the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] being hunted by Smaug. Tricking the [[Fire-drakes|fire-breathing]] Smaug into rekindling the forges, they attempt to kill the dragon by drowning him in a flood of molten gold. However, Smaug survives, and stumbles out of the mountain determined to make the people of Lake-town suffer for giving aid to the Dwarves, leaving Bilbo horrified at the turn of events.<br />
<br />
===Scenes===<br />
# The Quest for Erebor**<br />
# Wilderland<br />
# The Master Summons<br />
# A Commander of Legions<br />
# Queer Lodgings*<br />
# Last of the Skin-changers<br />
# Where the Shadows Lie*<br />
# The Elven-gate**<br />
# Mirkwood**<br />
# Flies and Spiders<br />
# The Woodland Realm<br />
# The Elvenking<br />
# King and Captain<br />
# Feast of Starlight<br />
# Barrels Out of Bond<br />
# The High Fells<br />
# Bard the Bowman<br />
# The Nature of Evil<br />
# Smuggled Cargo<br />
# Lake-town<br />
# The Master of Lake-town**<br />
# The World of Men**<br />
# The Home of Bard<br />
# "It Is Our Fight"<br />
# The Prophecy**<br />
# A Warm Welcome**<br />
# The Parting of the Company**<br />
# The Lonely Mountain**<br />
# A Spell of Concealment**<br />
# The Hidden Door<br />
# Son of Thrór*<br />
# On the Doorstep<br />
# Kingsfoil<br />
# The Courage of Hobbits<br />
# The Enemy Revealed**<br />
# Inside Information<br />
# The Black Arrow<br />
# In the Dragon's Lair<br />
# Under Arrest<br />
# Bilbo the Burglar<br />
# Smaug the Magnificent<br />
# Orc Attack<br />
# Confrontations<br />
# Elvish Medicine<br />
# Hunter and Hunted<br />
# "She Walks in Starlight"<br />
# A Desperate Plan<br />
# Duel in Lake-town<br />
# The Forges Relit<br />
# Smaug the Golden<br />
# Credits<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes a scene only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br /><br />
<nowiki>**</nowiki> denotes a scene which includes extended content only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br />
<br />
===Cast===<br />
:''See also:[[The Hobbit (film series)#Cast|''The Hobbit'' (film series)#Cast]]''<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"<br />
! Actor !! Role<br />
|-<br />
| Frazer Anderson || Hunter Orc<br>Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Jim Baltaxe || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Rodney Bane || Lake-town merchant<br />
|-<br />
| Dallas Barnett || "[[Bill Ferny#Films|Bill Ferny, Sr.]]"<br />
|-<br />
| Aleksandr Beliaev || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Bell]] || [[Bain]]<br />
|-<br />
| Vivien Bell || Lake-town woman<br />
|-<br />
| [[Manu Bennett]] || [[Azog]]<br />
|-<br />
| Terry Binding || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Nick Blake || [[Percy]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Orlando Bloom]] || [[Legolas]]<br />
|-<br />
| Shane Boulton || Ranger ([[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<br />
|-<br />
| Riley Brophy || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]]<br />
|-<br />
| Tony Burton || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hong Chin || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Colleen Cleary || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| John Colbert || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Peter Colbert || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Colbert]] || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Trevor Cooper || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Yvette Cottam || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Raymond Cox || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Paul Craze || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || [[Smaug]]<br/>The [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]<br />
|-<br />
| David Donaldson || Lake-town musician<br />
|-<br />
| Alison Draine || Lake-town woman<br />
|-<br />
| Frank Edwards || Dock worker<br />
|-<br />
| [[Greg Ellis]] || Net mender<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Bard]]<br/>[[Girion]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<br />
|-<br />
| Gary French || Prancing Pony patron<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Fry]] || The [[Master of Lake-town]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ryan Gage]] || [[Alfrid]]<br />
|-<br />
| Paul Gaudin || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Phoebe Gittins || Prancing Pony wench<br />
|-<br />
| Tim Gordon || Stallkeeper<br />
|-<br />
| Emily Gray || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<br />
|-<br />
| Zackary Hajek || Mirkwood Elf<br />
|-<br />
| Craig Hall || [[Galion]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Jamie Harrison || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Ray Henwood || Old fisherman<br />
|-<br />
| Chris Hewer || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Keirryn Hintz || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Christian Hipolito || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Kathryn Briggs Hobbs || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Fataneh Howe || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Howe]] || Lake-town musician<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Katie Jackson]] || [[Betsy Butterbur]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Jackson]] || "Ancestor of [[Albert Dreary]]"<br>Lake-town spy (Scenes Deleted)<br />
|-<br />
| Norman Kali || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Eli Kent || [[Lethuin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Robin Kerr || [[Elros (Mirkwood guard)|Elros]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<br />
|-<br />
| Kelly Kilgour || [[Soury]]<br />
|-<br />
| Dean Knowsley || Elven guard<br>Lake-town woman<br />
|-<br />
| Simon Leary || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Alan Lee]] || Lake-town musician<br />
|-<br />
| [[Evangeline Lilly]] || [[Tauriel]]<br />
|-<br />
| Simon London || [[Feren]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lawrence Makoare]] || [[Bolg]]<br />
|-<br />
| Heli Matilainen || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Simon McArthur || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast|Radagast the Brown]]<br />
|-<br />
| Steve McDonald || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Evelyn McGee || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Walter McGinnis || Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]<br />
|-<br />
| Dallas McKinley || Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| Carlton McRae || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Cecil Mediano || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Sebastian Meek || Lake-town woman<br />
|-<br />
| Liz Merton || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Joseph Mika-Hunt || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Ben Mitchell || [[Narzug]]<br />
|-<br />
| Mark Mitchinson || [[Braga]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Keith Mole || Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| Sarah Morgan || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<br />
|-<br />
| Mary Nesbitt || [[Tilda]]<br />
|-<br />
| Peggy Nesbitt || [[Sigrid]]<br />
|-<br />
| Carter Nixon || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Keith Nolan || Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dean O'Gorman]] || [[Fíli]]<br />
|-<br />
| Stephen O'Neill || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Jabez Olssen]] || Fishmonger<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<br />
|-<br />
| Ivy Padilla || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Karen Palmer || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Sarah Peirse || [[Hilda Bianca]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mikael Persbrandt]] || [[Beorn]]<br />
|-<br />
| Wayne Phillips || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shane Rangi]] || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Daniel Rathbon || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Adebisi Riwanou || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Steve Roche || Lake-town musician<br />
|-<br />
| Tania Rodger || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Gabrielle Roque López || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Brian Sergent]] || Spider<br />
|-<br />
| Kiran Shah || Prancing Pony Hobbit<br />
|-<br />
| [[Antony Sher]] || Older [[Thráin II|Thráin]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Fiona Simpson || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Tim Simpson || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Jeff Slaven || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Allan Smith || Orc underling<br />
|-<br />
| Dianne Smith || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Matt Smith || "[[Squint-eyed Southerner#Films|Squint]]"<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Jennifer Tebbs || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Royd Tolkien]] || Ranger (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Mark Trotter || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<br />
|-<br />
| Lee Tuson || Lake-town man<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Ure]] || [[Fimbul]]<br />
|-<br />
| Rosalie van Horik || Mirkwood Elf<br />
|-<br />
| Peter Vere-Jones || Spider<br />
|-<br />
| Manuela Vetters || Laketown resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Zane Weiner]] || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Ruben Werle || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Whiteside]] || "[[Barliman Butterbur#Portrayal in adaptations|Butterbur, Sr.]]"<br>Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| Christopher Winchester || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Meg Winchester || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Nikki Winchester || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Min Windle || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Joe Yabuki || Lake-town resident<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Deviations from the source material==<br />
The film covers the seventh through twelfth chapters of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' with a few elements added from the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. While it generally follows the story, a number of liberties were still taken:<br />
<br />
* [[Thorin]]'s encounter with [[Gandalf]] at [[the Prancing Pony]] in which the [[Wizards|Wizard]] urges him to take back [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] was not a chance meeting as it was in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s writings, but rather orchestrated by Gandalf himself.<br />
* Instead of crossing [[Mirkwood]]'s [[Enchanted River]] by boat, [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] climb on vines that extend across the river. This scene is only seen in the [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of the film.<br />
* In the book, Thorin was captured separately before the rest of the [[Thorin and Company|Company]] and kept captive in his own room (where he was treated and fed well) when he wouldn't reveal his purpose for being in Mirkwood. The other [[Dwarves]] weren't told he was there.<br />
* [[Thranduil]] guesses the purpose of the Company's mission was to retake Erebor, and tries to make a deal with Thorin. In the book, he is oblivious to this.<br />
* Thranduil at first allowed the other Dwarves to move about freely within his halls, but he finally locked them up, each to his own cell, because they were being obnoxious and insulting in the book. In the film, they are immediately locked up.<br />
* Neither [[Legolas]] nor [[Tauriel]] appear in the book. Indeed, the latter character is a creation of the filmmakers.<br />
* [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] hides the Dwarves in the barrels (with no tops) while the chief guard and [[Galion]] the butler were asleep, and he launches them into the [[Forest River|river]] himself. In the book, the Elves themselves later pushed the barrels (which they thought were empty; they were also covered with lids) through the trapdoor and opened the portcullis at the water-gate to let the barrels into the river.<br />
* In the book, the portcullis was a grate lowered down across the opening (the water-gate) that let the stream from the cave flow out into the river. In the film, the portcullis was a side-swinging type, and it wouldn't have kept anybody inside the cave because it was outside on the river.<br />
* There is a pursuit by the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Elves]] after the Dwarves' escape from the [[Elvenking's Halls]] (where the [[Elves]] did not yet know how the Dwarves had escaped), and the pack of [[Orcs]] who were pursuing the Company in the previous film catch up and attack as the barrels float down the river. The Elves then counterattack the Orcs.<br />
* [[Kíli]] is struck with a Morgul arrow by [[Bolg]] during the barrel escape when trying to open the water-gate, and it slowly saps his strength through the rest of the film. He is ultimately healed by Tauriel (who uses [[athelas]] to do so) in [[Lake-town]], where his health had become critical. No such incident occurs in Tolkien's works.<br />
* [[Bard]] meets the Dwarves on the river, and [[Balin]] convinces him to smuggle the Company into Lake-town in the barrels. In the book, [[Raft-elves]] intercepted the barrels and made them into a raft they steered down the river to [[Long Lake]] where [[Men]] in boats pulled it into Lake-town with the undiscovered Dwarves still inside and Bilbo (still wearing his [[The One Ring|Ring]]) invisibly riding along.<br />
* In addition to [[Bain]], Bard has two other children: daughters [[Sigrid]] and [[Tilda]]. He is also revealed to be a widower.<br />
* The [[Master of Lake-town]] has a majordomo in the film: [[Alfrid]]. He frequently informs the Master of various goings-on in the town, particularly the rumors of people plotting to possibly unseat him from his position of power - Bard, in particular. In the book, the Master had various aides who were unnamed and only briefly mentioned.<br />
* Due to his worsening condition, Thorin refuses to let Kíli go up to the Mountain with the rest of the Company. [[Fíli]] and [[Óin]] opt to stay behind to look after him. Additionally, [[Bofur]] gets left behind after oversleeping. All thirteen Dwarves went up to the Mountain in the book.<br />
* In the Extended Edition of the film, Gandalf encounters a gaunt, bewildered [[Thráin II]] while investigating [[Dol Guldur]]. He somewhat heals the Dwarf's insanity, and Thráin helps guide him through the fortress, also revealing that his [[Thrór|father]]'s [[Ring of Thrór|ring]] had been entrusted to him and had ultimately been cut from his finger and taken from him by [[Azog]] during the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. Thráin is ultimately swallowed up by [[Sauron]] just before the Dark Lord reveals himself to Gandalf. This is evidently a reworking of the encounter of the two that took place in {{TA|2850}} made to fit into the film trilogy's events, though Thráin does not give [[Thrór's Map]] and Erebor's [[Back Door]] key to Gandalf in the film (having done so on a previous, unseen occasion), nor does Gandalf not ever realise the Dwarf's identity during the meeting.<br />
* In the book, the last rays of the setting [[sun]] on [[Durin's Day]] reveal the keyhole to the [[Back Door|secret door]] into the [[Lonely Mountain]], as predicted by the [[Moon-letters|runes]] on the [[Thrór's Map|map]]. In the film, the light of the [[moon]] reveals the keyhole after the sun has set.<br />
* Bard is imprisoned toward the end of the film, purely because the Master sees him as a threat.<br />
* Bolg's Orc pack arrives in Lake-town to ambush the remaining Dwarves, but are foiled by the arrival of Legolas and Tauriel. They retreat once they realize Thorin has already reached the Mountain.<br />
* Bilbo has only one audience with [[Smaug]], and does not take a gold cup from him. He also takes his Ring off not long after the [[Dragons|Dragon]] detects his presence.<br />
* Smaug seems fully aware of Thorin and Company's presence, as well as Sauron's impending attack on the Dwarves.<br />
* The climax of the film is an involved battle between Thorin's Dwarves and Smaug inside of the Lonely Mountain, in which they ultimately try (unsuccessfully) to drown the beast in molten gold after re-lighting the forges. In the book, the Dwarves never see the Dragon at all; by the time they head downstairs to the Dragon's lair, Smaug is long gone (in fact, although they don't know it at that point, he's already dead).<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{Seealso|:Category:Images from The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug}}<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Pictures from ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''<br />
|height=200<br />
|width=300<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Attercop!.jpg|[[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] fights the spiders of [[Mirkwood]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Bilbo and Sting.jpg|Bilbo and [[Sting]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Packing the Dwarves.jpg|[[Barrels Out of Bond]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Bilbo in the Lonely Mountain.jpg|Bilbo in the [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Tauriel.jpg|[[Tauriel]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Legolas in Mirkwood.jpg|[[Legolas]] confronts [[Thorin and Company]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Gandalf in Dol Guldur.jpg|[[Gandalf]] in [[Dol Guldur]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Dale.jpg|[[Dale]] in ruins<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Bilbo and the butterflies in the canopy of Mirkwood.jpg|Bilbo and the butterflies in the canopy of [[Mirkwood]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Trailers==<br />
{{VideosHD|fnaojlfdUbs|Os1G8RtqY2c|lfflhfn1W-o}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|An Unexpected Journey]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]''<br />
*[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|Images from ''The Desolation of Smaug'']]<br />
*[[:Category:Images of The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug posters|''The Desolation of Smaug'' posters]]<br />
*''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' soundtrack:<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition]]''<br />
*''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' tie-in books:<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Chronicles: Art & Design]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Official Movie Guide]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Visual Companion]]''<br />
**Children's books:<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Sticker Book]]''<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: The Movie Storybook]]''<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Ultimate Sticker Collection]]''<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Activity Book]]''<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Annual 2014]]''<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com] (official website)<br />
*[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com] (official blog)<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ Peter Jackson's Facebook page]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
{{films}}<br />
<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
[[Category:The Hobbit (film series)| ]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug&diff=262724The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug2015-01-08T18:48:03Z<p>Amroth: /* Cast */ Removed unimportant redlinks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{film infobox<br />
| image=[[File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - poster 1.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''<br />
| director=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="HBTitles">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563|articlename=Titles and Release Dates Announced|dated=31-May-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br/>[[Andy Serkis]] (Second Unit Director)<ref name="HBAndy"><br />
{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2234|articlename=Andy Serkis to serve as Second Unit Director|dated=8-April-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
| producer=Peter Jackson<br/>[[Fran Walsh]]<br/>[[Carolynne Cunningham]]<br/>[[Zane Weiner]]<br/>[[Philippa Boyens]] (Co-Producer)<br/>[[Eileen Moran]] (Co-Producer)<br/>[[Alan Horn]] (Executive Producer)<br/>[[Toby Emmerich]] (Executive Producer)<br/>[[Ken Kamins]] (Executive Producer)<br/>[[Caroline Blackwood]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| writer=Peter Jackson<br/>Fran Walsh<br/>Philippa Boyens<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| narrator=<br />
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]]<br/>[[Ian McKellen]]<br/>[[Richard Armitage]]<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><br/>''[[The Hobbit (film series)#Confirmed cast|See cast section below for more]]''<br />
| music=[[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/><br />
| cinematography=[[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/><br />
| editing=<br />
| studio=[[New Line Cinema]]<br/>[[MGM]]<br/>[[WingNut Films]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| distributor=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="HBTitles"/><br />
| released=[[13 December]] [[2013]]<ref name="HBTitles2">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/the-hobbit-trilogy-titles-and-release-dates/|articlename=The Hobbit Trilogy titles and release dates|dated=2-September-2012|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=2-September-2012}}</ref><br />
| runtime=<br />
| country=[[New Zealand]]<br/>[[United Kingdom]]<br/>[[United States]]<br />
| language=English<br />
| budget= <br />
| website=[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com]<br />
| imdb_id=1170358<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''''' is the second of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film trilogy]] based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[1937]] novel ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It was released on [[13 December]] [[2013]] in North America. It was preceded by ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|An Unexpected Journey]]'' in [[2012]] and will be followed by ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' in [[2014]].<br />
<br />
==Synopsis==<br />
{{Blockquote|“The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug” continues the adventure of the title character [[Bilbo Baggins]] as he journeys with the Wizard [[Gandalf]] and thirteen Dwarves, led by [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]], on an epic quest to reclaim the Lonely Mountain and the lost Dwarf Kingdom of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<br />
<br />
''Having survived the beginning of their unexpected journey, the Company continues East, encountering along the way the skin-changer [[Beorn]] and a swarm of giant Spiders in the treacherous forest of [[Mirkwood]]. After escaping capture by the dangerous [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], the Dwarves journey to Lake-town, and finally to the Lonely Mountain itself, where they must face the greatest danger of all — a creature more terrifying than any other; one which will test not only the depth of their courage but the limits of their friendship and the wisdom of the journey itself — the Dragon [[Smaug]].''|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2013/10/17/80789-warner-bros-full-synopsis-for-the-hobbit-the-desolation-of-smaug-provides-some-plot-hints/|articlename=Warner Bros. full synopsis for The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug provides some plot hints?|dated=17-October-2013|website=TORN|accessed=17-October-2013}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
At [[the Prancing Pony]] Inn in [[Bree]], [[Gandalf]] the Grey warns [[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]] that someone is trying to have him killed. He persuades Thorin to obtain the [[Arkenstone]] to unite the [[Dwarves]], and suggests that a stealthy burglar may be needed to steal the jewel back from [[Smaug]].<br />
<br />
Twelve months later, Thorin and his [[Thorin and Company|Company]] are being pursued by [[Azog]] and his [[Orcs|Orc]] party down the [[Carrock]] following the events of the previous film. After [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] informs the group that a [[Bears|bear]] is also tracking them, Gandalf ushers them along to the home of a [[Skin-changers|skin-changer]]. Upon their arrival, they are attacked by the same bear; Gandalf reveals that it is the [[Beorn's Hall|home]] of [[Beorn]] and that he may be able to aid them in their journey. That night, Azog is summoned to [[Dol Guldur]] by the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]], and instructs his son [[Bolg]] to take over the hunt for Thorin. The next day, Beorn loans his [[horses]] to the company so they can reach [[Mirkwood]] and hinder the pursuing Orcs. Upon arrival at the forest border, Gandalf discovers [[Black Speech]] graffiti imprinted on an old ruin, coinciding with a telepathic message from [[Galadriel]] imploring him to investigate the tombs of the [[Nazgûl]] (at an [[High Fells of Rhudaur|unnamed location]]). <br />
Without giving any reason for his sudden departure, Gandalf advises the Company to follow the [[Elves|Elven]] path though Mirkwood, and to wait for him before entering the [[Lonely Mountain]]. But upon losing their way in the forest, the Dwarves are captured by giant [[spiders]]. Bilbo, with the help of his new [[The One Ring|Ring]], manages to free them from the webs and names his sword [[Sting]]. However, while fighting the attacking spiders, Bilbo drops the Ring, and he begins to learn of the corruption it has on him after brutally killing a crab-like spider to retrieve it.<br />
<br />
The Dwarves are captured by the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], including [[Legolas]] and [[Tauriel]], a captain of the guard. They are to the Elven-king [[Thranduil]]'s [[Elvenking's Halls|kingdom]], and are locked up. During their captivity, a romantic subplot develops between Tauriel and [[Kíli]]. <br />
While the others are imprisoned, Thorin is given audience with Thranduil, but he refuses Thranduil's aid and is imprisoned as well. Under the cloak of the Ring, Bilbo helps the Dwarves to escape by using empty wine barrels, which are sent floating down the river. Along the way, they are ambushed by Bolg and his Orc party, while the Elves pursue the Dwarves to cease their escape. In the ensuing chaos, Kíli is wounded by a Morgul arrow. Legolas and Tauriel are forced to halt their pursuit of the Dwarves in order to end the Orc onslaught. One [[Narzug|captive]] is imprisoned and questioned by Thranduil. When Thranduil learns that "The One" has returned, he decides to seal off his kingdom to protect it from the impending evil. However, Tauriel leaves to save Kíli, whom she learns has been poisoned by Bolg's arrow, and Legolas accompanies her.<br />
<br />
Subsequently, the Company meets a man named [[Bard]], and they bribe him to smuggle them into [[Lake-town]], where the descendants of [[Dale]] made their home, and where the [[Master of Lake-town|Master]] of the town rules with an iron fist. The group attempts to steal weapons before being captured and in the process learn that Bard is a descendant of Dale's ruler, [[Girion]], who died attempting to kill Smaug with [[Black Arrow]]s. After Thorin convinces the townfolk and Master that they will share the riches of the recaptured Mountain, the adventurers receive a grand send-off the next morning. The injured Kíli is ordered to stay behind until he gets his strength back; [[Óin]], [[Fíli]] and [[Bofur]] also remain to tend him in Bard's house.<br />
<br />
As the events of Thorin's Company occurs, Gandalf reaches the remote tomb of the Nazgûl and found that they have been revived. He is joined by [[Radagast]] the Brown, and it is revealed that the Necromancer cannot be a mere human, as the Nazgûl answer only to one [[Sauron|master]]. Returning to Mirkwood, while sending Radagast to warn Galadriel of their discovery, Gandalf enters the Orc- and [[Wargs|Warg]]-infested Dol Guldur, and is attacked by Azog. While attempting to escape, the Necromancer appears, and, following a duel between the two, Gandalf is captured. With his worst fears realized – that the Necromancer is indeed [[Sauron]] – Gandalf watches in horror as the Orc army marches toward the Lonely Mountain.<br />
<br />
Once at the Lonely Mountain, Bilbo deciphers the [[Thrór's Map|map]]'s cryptic clue and uses moonlight to find the hidden keyhole that opens the [[Back Door|secret door]] into the mountain. [[Balin]] then explains Bilbo's real purpose and sends him down to the treasury to locate the Arkenstone. Unfortunately, Bilbo's searching quickly awakens Smaug, who initially finds the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] amusing, but swiftly tires of him and intends to kill him. In Lake-town, Bard hears the rumbling caused by Smaug's awakening and attempts to affix the last Black Arrow to the town's launcher, but is arrested. Óin, Fíli, Bofur, and Bard's daughters, [[Sigrid]] and [[Tilda]], are attacked by Bolg's hunting party before Legolas and Tauriel drive them off, with the latter remaining behind to tend to Kíli. Then, in a dream-like state after his medication, Kíli admits his love for Tauriel. After convincing Thorin that they must help Bilbo, the Dwarves enter the Mountain and find themselves and the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] being hunted by Smaug. Tricking the [[Fire-drakes|fire-breathing]] Smaug into rekindling the forges, they attempt to kill the dragon by drowning him in a flood of molten gold. However, Smaug survives, and stumbles out of the mountain determined to make the people of Lake-town suffer for giving aid to the Dwarves, leaving Bilbo horrified at the turn of events.<br />
<br />
===Scenes===<br />
# The Quest for Erebor**<br />
# Wilderland<br />
# The Master Summons<br />
# A Commander of Legions<br />
# Queer Lodgings*<br />
# Last of the Skin-changers<br />
# Where the Shadows Lie*<br />
# The Elven-gate**<br />
# Mirkwood**<br />
# Flies and Spiders<br />
# The Woodland Realm<br />
# The Elvenking<br />
# King and Captain<br />
# Feast of Starlight<br />
# Barrels Out of Bond<br />
# The High Fells<br />
# Bard the Bowman<br />
# The Nature of Evil<br />
# Smuggled Cargo<br />
# Lake-town<br />
# The Master of Lake-town**<br />
# The World of Men**<br />
# The Home of Bard<br />
# "It Is Our Fight"<br />
# The Prophecy**<br />
# A Warm Welcome**<br />
# The Parting of the Company**<br />
# The Lonely Mountain**<br />
# A Spell of Concealment**<br />
# The Hidden Door<br />
# Son of Thrór*<br />
# On the Doorstep<br />
# Kingsfoil<br />
# The Courage of Hobbits<br />
# The Enemy Revealed**<br />
# Inside Information<br />
# The Black Arrow<br />
# In the Dragon's Lair<br />
# Under Arrest<br />
# Bilbo the Burglar<br />
# Smaug the Magnificent<br />
# Orc Attack<br />
# Confrontations<br />
# Elvish Medicine<br />
# Hunter and Hunted<br />
# "She Walks in Starlight"<br />
# A Desperate Plan<br />
# Duel in Lake-town<br />
# The Forges Relit<br />
# Smaug the Golden<br />
# Credits<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes a scene only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br /><br />
<nowiki>**</nowiki> denotes a scene which includes extended content only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br />
<br />
===Cast===<br />
:''See also:[[The Hobbit (film series)#Cast|''The Hobbit'' (film series)#Cast]]''<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"<br />
! Actor !! Role<br />
|-<br />
| Frazer Anderson || Hunter Orc<br>Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Jim Baltaxe || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Rodney Bane || Lake-town merchant<br />
|-<br />
| Dallas Barnett || "[[Bill Ferny#Films|Bill Ferny, Sr.]]"<br />
|-<br />
| Aleksandr Beliaev || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Bell]] || [[Bain]]<br />
|-<br />
| Vivien Bell || Lake-town woman<br />
|-<br />
| [[Manu Bennett]] || [[Azog]]<br />
|-<br />
| Terry Binding || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Nick Blake || [[Percy]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Orlando Bloom]] || [[Legolas]]<br />
|-<br />
| Shane Boulton || Ranger ([[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] only)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<br />
|-<br />
| Riley Brophy || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]]<br />
|-<br />
| Tony Burton || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hong Chin || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Colleen Cleary || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| John Colbert || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Peter Colbert || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Colbert]] || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Trevor Cooper || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Yvette Cottam || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Raymond Cox || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Paul Craze || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || [[Smaug]]<br/>The [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]<br />
|-<br />
| David Donaldson || Lake-town musician<br />
|-<br />
| Alison Draine || Lake-town woman<br />
|-<br />
| Frank Edwards || Dock worker<br />
|-<br />
| [[Greg Ellis]] || Net mender<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Bard]]<br/>[[Girion]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<br />
|-<br />
| Gary French || Prancing Pony patron<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Fry]] || The [[Master of Lake-town]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ryan Gage]] || [[Alfrid]]<br />
|-<br />
| Paul Gaudin || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Phoebe Gittins || Prancing Pony wench<br />
|-<br />
| Tim Gordon || Stallkeeper<br />
|-<br />
| Emily Gray || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<br />
|-<br />
| Zackary Hajek || Mirkwood Elf<br />
|-<br />
| Craig Hall || [[Galion]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Jamie Harrison || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Ray Henwood || Old fisherman<br />
|-<br />
| Chris Hewer || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Keirryn Hintz || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Christian Hipolito || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Kathryn Briggs Hobbs || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Fataneh Howe || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Howe]] || Lake-town musician<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Katie Jackson]] || [[Betsy Butterbur]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Jackson]] || "Ancestor of [[Albert Dreary]]"<br>Lake-town spy (Scenes Deleted)<br />
|-<br />
| Norman Kali || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Eli Kent || [[Lethuin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Robin Kerr || [[Elros (Mirkwood guard)|Elros]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<br />
|-<br />
| Kelly Kilgour || [[Soury]]<br />
|-<br />
| Dean Knowsley || Elven guard<br>Lake-town woman<br />
|-<br />
| Simon Leary || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Alan Lee]] || Lake-town musician<br />
|-<br />
| [[Evangeline Lilly]] || [[Tauriel]]<br />
|-<br />
| Simon London || [[Feren]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lawrence Makoare]] || [[Bolg]]<br />
|-<br />
| Heli Matilainen || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Simon McArthur || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast|Radagast the Brown]]<br />
|-<br />
| Steve McDonald || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Evelyn McGee || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Walter McGinnis || Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dallas McKinley]] || Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| Carlton McRae || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Cecil Mediano || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Sebastian Meek || Lake-town woman<br />
|-<br />
| Liz Merton || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Joseph Mika-Hunt || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Ben Mitchell || [[Narzug]]<br />
|-<br />
| Mark Mitchinson || [[Braga]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Keith Mole || Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| Sarah Morgan || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<br />
|-<br />
| Mary Nesbitt || [[Tilda]]<br />
|-<br />
| Peggy Nesbitt || [[Sigrid]]<br />
|-<br />
| Carter Nixon || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Keith Nolan || Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dean O'Gorman]] || [[Fíli]]<br />
|-<br />
| Stephen O'Neill || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Jabez Olssen]] || Fishmonger<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<br />
|-<br />
| Ivy Padilla || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Karen Palmer || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Sarah Peirse || [[Hilda Bianca]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mikael Persbrandt]] || [[Beorn]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wayne Phillips]] || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shane Rangi]] || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Daniel Rathbon || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Adebisi Riwanou || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Steve Roche || Lake-town musician<br />
|-<br />
| Tania Rodger || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Gabrielle Roque López || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Brian Sergent]] || Spider<br />
|-<br />
| Kiran Shah || Prancing Pony Hobbit<br />
|-<br />
| [[Antony Sher]] || Older [[Thráin II|Thráin]] (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Fiona Simpson || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Tim Simpson || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jeff Slaven]] || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| Allan Smith || Orc underling<br />
|-<br />
| Dianne Smith || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Matt Smith || "[[Squint-eyed Southerner#Films|Squint]]"<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Jennifer Tebbs || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Royd Tolkien]] || Ranger (Extended Edition only)<br />
|-<br />
| Mark Trotter || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<br />
|-<br />
| Lee Tuson || Lake-town man<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephen Ure]] || [[Fimbul]]<br />
|-<br />
| Rosalie van Horik || Mirkwood Elf<br />
|-<br />
| Peter Vere-Jones || Spider<br />
|-<br />
| Manuela Vetters || Laketown resident<br />
|-<br />
| [[Zane Weiner]] || Lake-town spy<br />
|-<br />
| Ruben Werle || Lake-town resident <br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Whiteside]] || "[[Barliman Butterbur#Portrayal in adaptations|Butterbur, Sr.]]"<br>Lake-town guard<br />
|-<br />
| Christopher Winchester || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Meg Winchester || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Nikki Winchester || Lake-town resident<br />
|-<br />
| Min Windle || Hunter Orc<br />
|-<br />
| Joe Yabuki || Lake-town resident<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Deviations from the source material==<br />
The film covers the seventh through twelfth chapters of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' with a few elements added from the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. While it generally follows the story, a number of liberties were still taken:<br />
<br />
* [[Thorin]]'s encounter with [[Gandalf]] at [[the Prancing Pony]] in which the [[Wizards|Wizard]] urges him to take back [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] was not a chance meeting as it was in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s writings, but rather orchestrated by Gandalf himself.<br />
* Instead of crossing [[Mirkwood]]'s [[Enchanted River]] by boat, [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] climb on vines that extend across the river. This scene is only seen in the [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of the film.<br />
* In the book, Thorin was captured separately before the rest of the [[Thorin and Company|Company]] and kept captive in his own room (where he was treated and fed well) when he wouldn't reveal his purpose for being in Mirkwood. The other [[Dwarves]] weren't told he was there.<br />
* [[Thranduil]] guesses the purpose of the Company's mission was to retake Erebor, and tries to make a deal with Thorin. In the book, he is oblivious to this.<br />
* Thranduil at first allowed the other Dwarves to move about freely within his halls, but he finally locked them up, each to his own cell, because they were being obnoxious and insulting in the book. In the film, they are immediately locked up.<br />
* Neither [[Legolas]] nor [[Tauriel]] appear in the book. Indeed, the latter character is a creation of the filmmakers.<br />
* [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] hides the Dwarves in the barrels (with no tops) while the chief guard and [[Galion]] the butler were asleep, and he launches them into the [[Forest River|river]] himself. In the book, the Elves themselves later pushed the barrels (which they thought were empty; they were also covered with lids) through the trapdoor and opened the portcullis at the water-gate to let the barrels into the river.<br />
* In the book, the portcullis was a grate lowered down across the opening (the water-gate) that let the stream from the cave flow out into the river. In the film, the portcullis was a side-swinging type, and it wouldn't have kept anybody inside the cave because it was outside on the river.<br />
* There is a pursuit by the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Elves]] after the Dwarves' escape from the [[Elvenking's Halls]] (where the [[Elves]] did not yet know how the Dwarves had escaped), and the pack of [[Orcs]] who were pursuing the Company in the previous film catch up and attack as the barrels float down the river. The Elves then counterattack the Orcs.<br />
* [[Kíli]] is struck with a Morgul arrow by [[Bolg]] during the barrel escape when trying to open the water-gate, and it slowly saps his strength through the rest of the film. He is ultimately healed by Tauriel (who uses [[athelas]] to do so) in [[Lake-town]], where his health had become critical. No such incident occurs in Tolkien's works.<br />
* [[Bard]] meets the Dwarves on the river, and [[Balin]] convinces him to smuggle the Company into Lake-town in the barrels. In the book, [[Raft-elves]] intercepted the barrels and made them into a raft they steered down the river to [[Long Lake]] where [[Men]] in boats pulled it into Lake-town with the undiscovered Dwarves still inside and Bilbo (still wearing his [[The One Ring|Ring]]) invisibly riding along.<br />
* In addition to [[Bain]], Bard has two other children: daughters [[Sigrid]] and [[Tilda]]. He is also revealed to be a widower.<br />
* The [[Master of Lake-town]] has a majordomo in the film: [[Alfrid]]. He frequently informs the Master of various goings-on in the town, particularly the rumors of people plotting to possibly unseat him from his position of power - Bard, in particular. In the book, the Master had various aides who were unnamed and only briefly mentioned.<br />
* Due to his worsening condition, Thorin refuses to let Kíli go up to the Mountain with the rest of the Company. [[Fíli]] and [[Óin]] opt to stay behind to look after him. Additionally, [[Bofur]] gets left behind after oversleeping. All thirteen Dwarves went up to the Mountain in the book.<br />
* In the Extended Edition of the film, Gandalf encounters a gaunt, bewildered [[Thráin II]] while investigating [[Dol Guldur]]. He somewhat heals the Dwarf's insanity, and Thráin helps guide him through the fortress, also revealing that his [[Thrór|father]]'s [[Ring of Thrór|ring]] had been entrusted to him and had ultimately been cut from his finger and taken from him by [[Azog]] during the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. Thráin is ultimately swallowed up by [[Sauron]] just before the Dark Lord reveals himself to Gandalf. This is evidently a reworking of the encounter of the two that took place in {{TA|2850}} made to fit into the film trilogy's events, though Thráin does not give [[Thrór's Map]] and Erebor's [[Back Door]] key to Gandalf in the film (having done so on a previous, unseen occasion), nor does Gandalf not ever realise the Dwarf's identity during the meeting.<br />
* In the book, the last rays of the setting [[sun]] on [[Durin's Day]] reveal the keyhole to the [[Back Door|secret door]] into the [[Lonely Mountain]], as predicted by the [[Moon-letters|runes]] on the [[Thrór's Map|map]]. In the film, the light of the [[moon]] reveals the keyhole after the sun has set.<br />
* Bard is imprisoned toward the end of the film, purely because the Master sees him as a threat.<br />
* Bolg's Orc pack arrives in Lake-town to ambush the remaining Dwarves, but are foiled by the arrival of Legolas and Tauriel. They retreat once they realize Thorin has already reached the Mountain.<br />
* Bilbo has only one audience with [[Smaug]], and does not take a gold cup from him. He also takes his Ring off not long after the [[Dragons|Dragon]] detects his presence.<br />
* Smaug seems fully aware of Thorin and Company's presence, as well as Sauron's impending attack on the Dwarves.<br />
* The climax of the film is an involved battle between Thorin's Dwarves and Smaug inside of the Lonely Mountain, in which they ultimately try (unsuccessfully) to drown the beast in molten gold after re-lighting the forges. In the book, the Dwarves never see the Dragon at all; by the time they head downstairs to the Dragon's lair, Smaug is long gone (in fact, although they don't know it at that point, he's already dead).<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{Seealso|:Category:Images from The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug}}<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Pictures from ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''<br />
|height=200<br />
|width=300<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Attercop!.jpg|[[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] fights the spiders of [[Mirkwood]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Bilbo and Sting.jpg|Bilbo and [[Sting]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Packing the Dwarves.jpg|[[Barrels Out of Bond]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Bilbo in the Lonely Mountain.jpg|Bilbo in the [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Tauriel.jpg|[[Tauriel]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Legolas in Mirkwood.jpg|[[Legolas]] confronts [[Thorin and Company]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Gandalf in Dol Guldur.jpg|[[Gandalf]] in [[Dol Guldur]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Dale.jpg|[[Dale]] in ruins<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Bilbo and the butterflies in the canopy of Mirkwood.jpg|Bilbo and the butterflies in the canopy of [[Mirkwood]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Trailers==<br />
{{VideosHD|fnaojlfdUbs|Os1G8RtqY2c|lfflhfn1W-o}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|An Unexpected Journey]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]''<br />
*[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|Images from ''The Desolation of Smaug'']]<br />
*[[:Category:Images of The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug posters|''The Desolation of Smaug'' posters]]<br />
*''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' soundtrack:<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition]]''<br />
*''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' tie-in books:<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Chronicles: Art & Design]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Official Movie Guide]]''<br />
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Visual Companion]]''<br />
**Children's books:<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Sticker Book]]''<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: The Movie Storybook]]''<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Ultimate Sticker Collection]]''<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Activity Book]]''<br />
***''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Annual 2014]]''<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com] (official website)<br />
*[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com] (official blog)<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ Peter Jackson's Facebook page]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
{{films}}<br />
<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
[[Category:The Hobbit (film series)| ]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway&diff=262573Tolkien Gateway2015-01-07T10:48:31Z<p>Amroth: Wikifactor 100!</p>
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* In July, 2008 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 1,000 registers users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 July]] 2008 - Tolkien Gateway passes 7,000 articles<ref name="Updates 7000"/><br />
* [[17 August]] 2008 - [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] is promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]]<ref name="Rights">"[[Special:Log/rights|User Rights Log]]" (accessed [[25 May]] [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[26 August]] 2008 - Default skin changed to "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Ithilien" /><br />
* [[23 June]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway is locked to anonymous editors<ref name="TG lock" /><br />
* [[27 June]] 2010 - Ederchil promoted to [[Tolkien Gateway:Bureaucrats|bureaucrat]]<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[14 July]] 2010 - [[User:Mith|Mith]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[25 October]] 2010 - Tolkien Gateway reaches 2,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[16 March]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 9,000 articles<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Default skin changed to "Mithilien", a re-made version of "Gateway to Ithilien"<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[6 August]] 2011 - Tolkien Gateway passes 3,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[7 August]] 2011 - After the installation of ConfirmEdit extension anonymous users can again edit the wiki<ref name="Updates Map" /><br />
* [[16 July]] 2012 - Tolkien Gateway passes 10,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:10,000 articles]] (accessed [[16 July|July 16]], [[2012]])</ref><br />
* [[26 April]] 2013 - Tolkien Gateway passes 4,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
* [[12 June]] 2013 - [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] promoted to administrator<ref name="Rights"/><br />
* [[30 April]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 11,000 articles<ref>[[Forum:11,000 articles]] (accessed [[25 May]], [[2014]])</ref><br />
* [[16 September]] 2014 - Tolkien Gateway passes 5,000 registered users<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
===History by year===<br />
====2003====<br />
Inspired by the recent release of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] created TolkienGateway on [[1 January|January 1]], [[2003]] as a community and an encyclopedia at [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]. Sporting a tan-coloured skin, TolkienGateway made use of the free [http://www.phpnuke.org/ PHP-Nuke] software.<ref name="Archive CJB">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In [[February]], Hyarion decide to move the web-hosting of TolkienGateway from [http://Angelfire.com Angelfire] to [http://FuturePoint.com FuturePoint]. By [[August]], Hyarion migrated to the free, and more aesthetically-pleasing, domain of [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk].<ref name="Archive TK">[http://web.archive.org Internet Archive: Wayback Machine], "[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
====2004====<br />
[[File:TG-logo.gif|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway's original logo]]<br />
On [[6 November|November 6]], Hyarion purchased the domain [http://tolkiengateway.net http://tolkiengateway.net] and begins work on creating a proper wiki. By [[March]] [[2005]], the original TolkienGateway has gone offline so Hyarion can focus on the new website.<ref name="Archive TK"/><br />
<br />
====2005====<br />
In [[January]] [[2005]] Tolkien Gateway's [[Tolkien Gateway:Chat|IRC chat]] was opened; this enabled both Tolkien Gateway editors and users from other websites to congregate in a single place for discussion of their respective websites and the works of Tolkien.<ref name="Chat">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Chat]] (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway's IRC, [irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net irc://irc.tolkiengateway.net], is still in use today.<br />
<br />
After a long hiatus, Tolkien Gateway opened to the public on [[3 June|June 3]] with Hyarion as the sole administrator and bureaucrat. In order for Tolkien Gateway to have a sizeable number of articles ready for its released, many were copied from either [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda] or [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:WikiProject Middle-earth|Wikipedia]]; this has since been criticised by later editors who have struggled to identify and update all such articles.<ref name="Meeting 5Sep">See "[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/5 September 2010#Ideas for Agenda]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Notable editors during this time include [[User:BrightSideoftheDark|BrightSideoftheDark]], [[User:Bokkie|Bokkie]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]], [[User:Gandalf|Gandalf]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2006====<br />
On [[1 January|January 1]] [[2006]] Hyarion opened a second website, [[Tolkien News]], as a another source of information, in competition with [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net], but without the commercial advertising. The website closed in [[2008]].<br />
<br />
Technically, 2006 was a very important year for Tolkien Gateway: it saw the introduction of the fresh Cavendish skin, the creation of a forum for editors to discuss important issues, a community portal, and the ability to embed video. Furthermore, 2006 witnessed impressive growth in page views: from less than 200,000 page views at the start of the year to a million by October, by this point Tolkien Gateway was also witnessing 3,000 pages views per day.<ref name="2006u">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates#2006]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
2006 also witnessed modest growth in members from about 180 at the start of year to 422 at the end of the end of the year.<ref name="April2007"/> Important editors during this time include [[User:Ardamir|Ardamir]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2007====<br />
[[File:TG 2006.png|left|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in July 2006]]Although technically relatively uneventful, [[2007]] saw attempts by Hyarion to increase Tolkien Gateway's user base and reach. In particular, coinciding with the release of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' Hyarion arranged [[The Children of Húrin Release Party]] an online gathering of artists, collectors, scholars and fans to celebrate the publication of this fresh story; a record-breaking 69 new users joined Tolkien Gateway in [[April]] 2007 as a result of this.<ref name="April2007">Personal research by [[User:Mith|Mith]]</ref> Coinciding with The Children of Húrin Release Party, Hyarion also introduced [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=42029 a brand new Main Page layout] which still remains the basis for the current [[Main Page]].<br />
<br />
On [[4 October|October 4]], Hyarion introduced interwiki links allowing Tolkien Gateway's English articles to be connected to the fellow wikis [http://ardapedia.herr-der-ringe-film.de/index.php/Hauptseite Ardapedia] (German) and [http://wiki.kontu.info/Etusivu Kontu] (Finnish).<ref name="Interwiki">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 10-4-07 (accessed [[20 November|November 20]], [[2010]])</ref> Since then, interwiki links have also been expanded to the French website [http://www.tolkiendil.com/encyclo Tolkiendil] and Farsi website [http://wiki.valimar.ir/index.php?title=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C Valimar].<br />
<br />
Influential editors during this period include [[User:Dr Death|Dr Death]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] [[User:Fleela|Fleela]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Tar-Telperien|Tar-Telperien]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2008====<br />
[[File:TG 2008.png|thumb|right|Tolkien Gateway in June 2008]]<br />
The first major event of [[2008]] was a server move, "''Due to the rapid growth of Tolkien Gateway we will be migrating to a new quad-core server with 8 gigs of RAM.''"<ref name="Updates Move">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 1-29-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Tolkien Gateway moves server on roughly a year basis every time resulting in considerable downtime and residual problems; this move was no exception!<ref name="Updates" /> The following month, Tolkien Gateway was featured as the Site of the Week for the 8th February on the fan website [http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net]<ref>[http://www.thereandbackagain.net/ ThereAndBackAgain.net] (accessed=21 August 2014)</ref><br />
<br />
On [[30 April|April 30]], [[2008]] the first major extension to the wiki's content was the creation of [http://tolkiengateway.net/map/ a map] which seeks to list all the important locations in the world relevant to Tolkien's life, publications and adaptations.<ref name="Updates Map">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 4-14-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> The expansion of the wiki continues, reaching 7,000 articles by [[12 July|July 12]]<ref name="Updates 7000">[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]], entry 7-12-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> whilst gaining an extra 366 members over the course of the year, taking the total membership to 788.<ref name="April2007" /><br />
<br />
In the summer, Hyarion revealed to editors that [[Forum:One Wiki Merge|he had been in discussions]] with the the administrators of [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All], the Tolkien encyclopedia of [http://www.wikia.com Wikia], to merge the two sites together. Although the proposal wasn't fully fleshed-out, members of both communities got so far as [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/LOTR:Merge_Vote registering their intention to vote] on the issue before Wikia staff decided they were unwilling to let go of their own site - the merger never took place.<ref name="Merge talk">"[[User talk:Hyarion#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> A happy side-effect, however, is that many One Wiki editors migrated permanently to Tolkien Gateway, including the One Wiki bureaucrat [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]].<ref name="Merge talk2">"[[User talk:Hyarion/Archive 4#Merge]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|what a shame. It's almost comical that they ignored the wiki until there were any talks of leaving, at which point they realized they'd be losing money so they now have all of their employees pretending to be active contributors. Anyway, we're moving past it, they are not worth the time|[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] on [http://www.wikia.com Wikia]'s staff attitude towards a merger of Tolkien Gateway and [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page One Wiki to Rule Them All]<ref name="Merge talk2"/>}}<br />
<br />
The second seminal event of 2008 was the introduction of [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings|Meetings]]. The [[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008|first meeting]] was held on August 17, 2008; following the first meeting, Tolkien Gateway saw its very first promotion of [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] to [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]], an expansion of [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects|Projects]] to focus the activities of members, and a more extensive [[Tolkien Gateway:Community Portal|Community Portal]].<ref name="Meeting 1">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings/17 August 2008]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref> Meetings continued on a weekly basis until [[October]].<ref name="Meetings">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Meetings]]" (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
On [[25 August]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] contacted [[TheOneRing.net]] with a proposition that Tolkien Gateway and TheOneRing.net should work in co-operation. The general premise was that the two online Tolkien communities were consubstantial and should, therefore, work together for each other's benefit. The discussion was, at first, progressive; it was mooted that, in effect, Tolkien Gateway would become TheOneRing.net's encyclopaedia, and that TheOneRing.net would become Tolkien Gateway's news portal. However, discussions came to an end because of an apparent bad history between [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], the owner of Tolkien Gateway, and TheOneRing.net. Whilst there was reciprocal praise for the work achieved by both communities, no further discussions took place.<ref>Personal research by [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]]</ref><br />
<br />
Finally, on [[26 August|August 26]], the "Gateway to Ithilien" was made the default skin for Tolkien Gateway, and - with minor alterations - still remains the default skin today.<ref name="Ithilien">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 8-26-08 (accessed [[21 November|November 21]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
Top contributors during this period include [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Linathiel|Linathiel]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]], [[User:Quidon88|Quidon88]], [[User:Sage|Sage]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]], [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], and [[User:Tik|Tik]] as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]]<br />
<br />
====2009====<br />
Apart from another difficult server move,<ref name="SM 2009">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]", entry 9-2-09 (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> [[2009]] was a relatively uneventful year for Tolkien Gateway and its editors. Despite this, Tolkien Gateway gained the largest number of editors in any year (481),<ref name="April2007"/> as well as passing the threshold of 8,000 articles.<br />
<br />
Frequent editors of 2009 include: [[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Eldarion Telcontar|Eldarion Telcontar]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Morgan|Morgan]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]], [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]], [[User:Þelma|Þelma]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]], as well as [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]].<br />
<br />
====2010====<br />
[[File:TG 2010.png|thumb|left|Tolkien Gateway in November 2010]]<br />
[[2010]] started eventfully for Tolkien Gateway as a new editor, [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], including [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] declension templates in the majority of articles - this led to an intense discussion between Gilgamesh on the one hand, and [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] on the other (arguing that their appearance and canonicity were questionable). Eventually, all the templates were removed.<ref name="Quenya Template">"[[Forum:Quenya declension template appearance]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
Despite reaching its fifth birthday (as a wiki) this was left uncelebrated by the editors. Indeed, [[Forum:The future of Tolkien Gateway|some editors expressed disquiet]] about existing technical problems, the paucity of editors and the inactivity of [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] with some editors suggesting that the project should be forked. Following this, Tolkien Gateway witness a re-emergence of its meetings,<ref name="Meetings"/> Hyarion became more active (updating the MediaWiki software), Ederchil was promoted to a bureaucrat and Mith was promoted to administrator/sysop.<ref name="MithPromote">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Requests for adminship/Archive#Mith (28/06/10)]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> It was also at this time that, with great reluctance,<ref name="Reluctance">"[[User talk:Ederchil#Anti-spam strategies]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> that members of the community decided to lock Tolkien Gateway to anonymous editors; this was in order to prevent the large numbers of spammers who were vandalising articles.<ref name="TG lock">"[[Forum:Database Lock]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
<br />
In the summer of 2010, [http://twitter.com/#!/kriskowal Kris Kowal] from [http://3rin.gs 3rin.gs] added links to Tolkien Gateway - alongside existing ones to [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ the Encyclopedia of Arda] - on his interactive map.<ref name="3rin.gs">"[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0An5phhxDkYDPdFJFdkN3SGhCRDJpanM5YUZFY24tZnc&hl=en&authkey=CJee_rkM#gid=0 References for Middle-earth]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> <br />
<br />
During this time, many key projects were embarked upon by editors: the relatively new editor [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] working on bibliographical information;<ref name="Works">"[[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> Mith working on the [[Timeline]] and years; Ederchil and Mith updated and expanded infoboxes; Mith and [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]] trying to remove five-years of redirected links (with the aid of their bots);<ref name="Redirects">"[[Forum:Linking to redirects]]" (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Redirects1">See "[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AlmDTSjnmPrJdDFQSDU2QlMxN2hBYU80ZzVlemttVXc&hl=en_GB&authkey=CJeHxskG#gid=0 Redirects]" for progress (accessed [[24 November|November 24]], [[2010]])</ref> KingAragorn re-categorisation all location articles; [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; and [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on video-games articles. Other high-frequency editors include: [[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]], [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh]], [[User:Grond|Grond]], [[User:Mthomas|Mthomas]] and [[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]], along with the aforementioned [[User:KingAragorn Bot|KingAragorn Bot]] and [[User:Mithbot|Mithbot]].<br />
<br />
====2011====<br />
[[File:TG-2012.png|thumb|Tolkien Gateway in January 2012]]<br />
In November 2011, the esteemed auction firm Bonhams included a reference to the Tolkien Gateway article on [[Przemyslaw Mroczkowski]] in their lot description of a [[Letter to Przemyslaw Mroczkowski (9/10 November 1957)|1957 letter from J.R.R. Tolkien]] to the Polish professor.<ref>[http://bonhams.com/eur/auction/18992/lot/182/ Lot 182] at [http://bonhams.com/ Bonhams.com] (accessed 22 November 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
Key projects in this period included: [[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|"The Countdown to ''The Hobbit'' films"-project]], after suggestion of [[User:KingAragorn|KingAragorn]];<ref>"[[Forum:Countdown to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref><ref>"[[Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/13 November 2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> the creation of the index namespace and [[Main Page/Development|development]] for a new [[Main Page]] by [[User:Mith|Mith]];<ref>"[[Main Page/Development]] (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Mith|Mith]] and [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] working on technical issues and creating the new "Mithilien" skin; new editor Gamling creating articles for all [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]] and referencing articles; Morgan continuing to work on bibliographic information;<ref name="Works"/> Mith working on [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects#Dates|Dates]]<ref>"[[User talk:Mith/2011#Date restructuring|User talk:Mith/2011]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> and creating and redesigning several infoboxes; KingAragorn working on locations, images and redesigning the portals;<ref>"[[Forum:Portals]]" (accessed [[1 January]], [[2012]])</ref> [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] and [[User:Sage|Sage]] working on language-related articles; [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] and [[User:Pinkkeith|Pinkkeith]] working on gaming-related articles; and [[User:CaptainRolly|CaptainRolly]] working on [[Tolkien Societies]]. Other high-frequency contributors include: [[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]], [[User:Grond|Grond]] and [[User:Tik|Tik]].<br />
<br />
====2012====<br />
<br />
In January [[2012]], news spread about [http://twitter.com/lotrproject Emil Johansson]'s ''[http://lotrproject.com/ The Lord of the Rings Family Tree Project]'' — a genealogy of characters from Tolkien's [[legendarium]], where each character carries a link to the respective Tolkien Gateway article.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/01/23/53027-student-produces-middle-earth-genealogy-site/|articlename=Student produces Middle-earth genealogy site|dated=23 January 2012|website=TORN|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/01/24/lord-of-the-ring-family-tree_n_1227790.html?ref=uk-culture|articlename=King Geek? Lord Of The Rings Super Fan Traces Middle-Earth Family Tree|dated=24 January 2012|website=[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/ ''The Huffington Post'']|accessed=24 January 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 20 August 2012, [[Shaun Gunner]] ([[User:Mith]]) took part in a panel discussion with [[Corey Olsen]] called 'Lifelong Learning Tolkien: Face-to-face and Online'. Tolkien Gateway was cited has an example of the power of the online Tolkien community, with noted scholar [[Dimitra Fimi]] claiming to be an editor.<ref name="ROTR-Troels">{{webcite|author=Troels Forchhammer|articleurl=http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/ive-been-writing-about-return-of-ring.html|articlename=The Return of the Ring|dated=25 August 2012|website=[http://parmarkenta.blogspot.co.uk Parma-kenta]|accessed=25 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2012, the [[Mythgard Institute]] podcast "[[Riddles in the Dark]]" episode 17, featuring [[Corey Olsen]], Dave Kale, and Trish Lambert as hosts, included a positive mention of articles (particularly [[Radagast]]) on Tolkien Gateway.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.mythgard.org/2012/09/riddles-in-the-dark-17-radagast-the-brown-and-the-movie-app/|articlename=Riddles in the Dark 17: Radagast the Brown and the Movie App|dated=14 September 2012|website=[http://www.mythgard.org/ Mythgard.org]|accessed=16 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 22 November 2012, Tolkienseminariet ("The Tolkien Seminary") in Sweden, with notable members [[Anders Stenström]] and [[Åke Bertenstam]], positively reviewed Tolkien Gateway, saying that since 2003 the wiki "''has grown rapidly and now provides copious and dependable information about Middle-earth and not least about Tolkien's life and writings''"<!-- Translated by User:Morgan -->.<ref name="Tolkienseminariet">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/author/tolkienseminariet/|articlename=<br />
22 november 2012|dated=24 January 2013|website=[http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/ Tolkienseminariet]|accessed=24 January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2013====<br />
In December 2013, surrounding the release of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', a surge in traffic meant that Tolkien Gateway briefly became a top-50,000 website worldwide.<ref name="Alexa"/><br />
<br />
====2014====<br />
<br />
On 18 May 2014, the online version of ''The New York Times'' provided a link to Tolkien Gateway's page about ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', in Ethan Gilsdorf's article "Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’".<ref>{{webcite|author=Ethan Gilsdorf|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/books/jrr-tolkeins-translation-of-beowulf-is-published.html|articlename=Waving His Wand at ‘Beowulf’|dated=18 May 2014|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ nytimes.com]|accessed=18 May 2014}}</ref> On 21 July 2014, the website Inquisitr referenced Tolkien Gateway's article on the [[Inklings]] in its news story about forthcoming Tolkien biopics.<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.inquisitr.com/ Inquisitr]|articleurl=http://www.inquisitr.com/1363840/movie-in-the-works-about-j-r-r-tolkien-and-c-s-lewis-together/|articlename=Movie In The Works About J.R.R. Tolkien And C.S. Lewis – Together!|dated=21 July 2014|accessed=20 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 7 August 2014, [[Shaun Gunner]], Chairman of [[The Tolkien Society]], made reference to Tolkien Gateway in an interview with [[TheOneRing.net]], saying the website has "transformed the accessibility of Tolkien".<ref>{{webcite|website=TORN|author-Kelvarhin|articlename=TORn talks to Shaun Gunner, Chairman of The Tolkien Society|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2014/08/07/92174-torn-talks-to-shaun-gunner-chairman-of-the-tolkien-society/|dated=7 August 2014|accessed=20 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
:''See also: [[wikipedia:Wiki#Trustworthiness|Wiki#Trustworthiness]] and [[wikipedia:Criticism of Wikipedia|Criticism of Wikipedia]] for criticism of wikis in general''<br />
<br />
Like other wikis, Tolkien Gateway has been criticised for the reliability of its information, its lack of sources and the frequency of its revisions. In particular, in the summer of [[2010]], Tolkien Gateway was criticised for confusing the two articles for [[Norman Power]] and [[Joseph Power]]; the prominent scholars [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] said:<br />
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{{Blockquote|The Tolkien Gateway entry for Norman Power makes a terrible hash of it by conjoining Norman and Joseph. How on earth could the writer think that someone said to be born in 1925 (Joseph) could be a student at Oxford in the late 1930s? [..] Well, call us old-fashioned (we do), and we admit to having only a passing knowledge of the ways of wiki-creation, but it would never occur to us to post a work-in-progress, to be cleaned up by someone else, especially since people often take wiki articles, in any state of completion, as gospel truth.|[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]<ref name="Power">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7238261 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7238261]", dated [[26 July|July 26]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><ref name="Power2">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229888#7239909 Brother Joseph Power's experiences of Tolkien, post #7239909]", dated [[29 July|July 29]], [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref>}}<br />
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Despite [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] launching a defence of Tolkien Gateway on The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza, although accepting that Tolkien Gateway was better than other online encyclopaedias, the members generally complained about the unreliability of Tolkien Gateway - and wikis in general - and the ephemeral nature of the Internet, with an agreement that there was a "''distressing lack of sources''".<ref name="Plaza Critic">[http://www.lotrplaza.com/ The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza], "[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=238638 The future of Tolkien knowledge]", dated [[30 July|July 30]] to [[11 August|August 11]] [[2010]] (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The article [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=English_and_Welsh&oldid=105660 English and Welsh] was paraded as a particularly bad example. In response to the criticisms raised, both the "Joseph Power"/"Norman Power" and "[[English and Welsh]]" articles were amended.<ref name="EandW">"[[Talk:English and Welsh]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
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In a review of Tolkien Gateway, Kristine Kastle claimed that it was only appropriate for the younger reader, it suffered from poor navigation, and the design was basic, lacking colour and that the life was sucked out of it; she gave Tolkien Gateway a score of 1.5 out of 4 which translates as, "''Well now at least the website is recognizable as a website; style is still not pretty much nonexistant.''"<ref name="Kastle">Kristine Kastle on [http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/ Collaborative Web Review], "[http://people.emich.edu/zgarrett/ColProject/3.html Tolkien Gateway Review]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref> The skin has been updated twice since the review although the navigation system has changed little.<ref name="Updates">"[[Tolkien Gateway:Updates]]" (accessed [[19 November|November 19]], [[2010]])</ref><br />
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Commenting on Tolkien Gateway, Troels Forchhammer says that "''[i]t suffers from the same problems as any wiki when the subject is one of some fame or notoriety and in particular when the subject lends itself to strongly held opinions''". He also marks that Tolkien Gateway is "''trying to add thorough references to their articles, but has still a way to go''."<ref>[http://users.silenceisdefeat.net/~aft-rabt/links.html The Tolkien Newsgroups' Links Collection], dated 5 August 2008 (accessed 26 April 2011)</ref><br />
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After a suggestion from [[User:Morgan]], [[Hawke Robinson]] and [[Michael Martinez]] discussed Tolkien Gateway on the ''Middle-earth Radio Talk Show'' on [[8 August]] [[2010]]. The radio hosts put forward a "''positive critique''", praising Tolkien Gateway for "''a great effort''", "''a nice layout''", and that the website should be "''recognized for all the work that has gone into this wiki''". However, they also addressed the issue that "''as all wikis, there's always room for improvement''", especially pointing out the need for "''better citation standards''".<ref>[http://middle-earthradio.com/talk-show/Middle-earth-Talk-Radio-Show-0029-2010-08-08.mp3/view Middle-earth Radion Talk Show, Episode 29] (dated 8 August 2010; from ca. 27:50) at [http://middle-earthradio.com/ Middle-earthradio.com]</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Tolkien Gateway:Membership Growth]], for detailed membership statistics and graphs<br />
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==External Links==<br />
* [http://www.facebook.com/tolkiengateway Tolkien Gateway] on [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net http://tolkiengateway.cjb.net] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://tolkiengateway.tk http://tolkiengateway.tk] at [http://www.archive.org/web/web.php Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]<br />
* [http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://lotr.wikia.com One Wiki to Rule Them All]<br />
* [http://wikiindex.org/Tolkien_Gateway Tolkien Gateway] at [http://wikiindex.org/Welcome WikiIndex]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:TolkienGateway&limit=500 Wikipedia articles that link to Tolkien Gateway]<br />
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{{References}}<br />
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[[Category:Encyclopedia websites]]<br />
[[Category:Tolkien Gateway| ]]<br />
[[Category:Websites]]<br />
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[[fa:دانشنامه تالکینگیتوی]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Dyson&diff=262301Hugo Dyson2015-01-03T22:40:11Z<p>Amroth: typo</p>
<hr />
<div>{{author infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Hugo_dyson.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Hugo Dyson<br />
| born=[[7 April]] [[1896]]<br />
| died=[[6 June]] [[1975]]<br />
| education=<br />
| occupation=Scholar<br />
| location=England<br />
| website=<br />
|}}<br />
'''Hugo Victor Dyson Dyson''' ([[7 April]] [[1896]] - [[6 June]] [[1975]]) was a fellow [[Inklings|Inkling]] with [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. He helped Tolkien persuade [[C.S. Lewis]] to (active) Christianity.<br />
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He much preferred talk at Inklings meetings to readings and is remembered by [[Christopher Tolkien]] as "lying on the couch, and lolling and shouting and saying, 'Oh God, no more Elves'" during reading of ''The Lord of the Rings''.<ref>[[Christopher Tolkien]] in ''[[J.R.R.T.: A Film Portrait of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''</ref><br />
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==Further reading==<br />
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*"Hugo Dyson: Inkling, Teacher, Bon Vivant", by [[David Bratman]]. ''[[Mythlore]]'' 21:4 (whole no. 82) (Winter 1997): 19-34.<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{WP|Hugo Dyson}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{inklings}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dyson, Hugo}}<br />
[[Category:Authors]]<br />
[[Category:British people]]<br />
[[Category:Inklings]]<br />
[[Category:People by name]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Der_Kleine_Hobbit&diff=262089Der Kleine Hobbit2014-12-30T22:31:08Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{expansion}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Der Kleine Hobbit - Gameplay.gif|250px]]<br />
| name=Der Kleine Hobbit<br />
| developer=[[Michael Nickles]]<ref>[http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 5 September 2010)</ref><br />
| publisher=None<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Commodore 64|Commodore 64]]<ref name="Tolkien Games">[http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/kleinehobbit.html Der Kleine Hobbit] at Tolkien Games (retrieved 5 September 2010)</ref><ref name="El Anillo interactivo">[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo Interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 5 September 2010)</ref><br />
| releasedate=[[1984]]<br />
| genre=Text-Adventure<br />
}}<br />
'''''Der Kleine Hobbit''''' is a German unofficial text-adventure which covers the events in the ''[[The Hobbit]]''.<ref name="Tolkien Games"/><ref name="El Anillo interactivo"/> It was written in the computer language ''BASIC''.<ref name="El Anillo interactivo"/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]<br />
[[Category:Text-Adventure video games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=File:Der_Kleine_Hobbit_-_Gameplay.gif&diff=262088File:Der Kleine Hobbit - Gameplay.gif2014-12-30T22:30:43Z<p>Amroth: moved File:Der-Kleine Hobbit (Deutch)-1-.gif to File:Der Kleine Hobbit - Gameplay.gif</p>
<hr />
<div>==Licensing==<br />
{{Copyright-fairuse|[[Michael Nickles]]}}<br />
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[[Category:Images from Der Kleine Hobbit (video game)]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=File:Dungeon_Adventure_-_Opening_screen_(original).gif&diff=262085File:Dungeon Adventure - Opening screen (original).gif2014-12-30T22:27:28Z<p>Amroth: moved File:Dungadv2-1-.gif to File:Dungeon Adventure - Opening screen (original).gif</p>
<hr />
<div>==Licensing==<br />
{{Copyright-fairuse|[[Level 9 Computing]]}}<br />
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[[Category:Images from Dungeon Adventure]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=File:Dungeon_Adventure_-_Opening_screen_(Jewels_of_Darkness).gif&diff=262084File:Dungeon Adventure - Opening screen (Jewels of Darkness).gif2014-12-30T22:26:32Z<p>Amroth: moved File:Dungadv1-1-.gif to File:Dungeon Adventure - Opening screen (Jewels of Darkness).gif</p>
<hr />
<div>==Licensing==<br />
{{Copyright-fairuse|[[Level 9 Computing]]}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Images from Dungeon Adventure]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dungeon_Adventure&diff=262083Dungeon Adventure2014-12-30T22:23:49Z<p>Amroth: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{expansion}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Dungeon Adventure - Cover.jpg]]<br />
| name=Dungeon Adventure<br />
| developer=[[Level 9 Computing]]<ref name="Giant">[http://www.giantbomb.com/dungeon-adventure/61-3541/ Dungeon Adventure] at Giant Bomb (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref><br />
| publisher=[[Level 9 Computing]]<ref name="Giant"/><br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amstrad CPC|Amstrad CPC]], [[wikipedia:Atari 8-bit family|Atari 400]], ''BBC'', [[wikipedia:Commodore 64|Commodore 64]], [[wikipedia:Lynx|Lynx]], [[wikipedia:Memotech|Memotech]], [[wikipedia:MSX|MSX]], [[wikipedia:Nascom|Nascom]], [[wikipedia:Tangerine Computer System|Oric-1]], [[wikipedia:Sinclair ZX Spectrum|ZX Spectrum]] <br />
| releasedate=[[1984]]<br />
| genre=Text-adventure<br />
}}<br />
'''''Dungeon Adventure''''' is a text-adventure made by [[Pete Austin|Pete]], [[Mike Austin|Mike]] and [[Nick Austin]].<ref name="El Anillo">[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref><ref name="FAQ">[http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> It covers ''[[the Lord of the Rings]]'' and is the third and last part of ''[[The Middle-Earth Trilogy]]''.<ref name="Tolkien Games">[http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeon.html Dungeon Adventure] at Tolkien Games (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref> Later, all names from [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s work were changed and it was published (together with ''[[Colossal Adventure]]'' and ''[[Adventure Quest]]'') as ''The Jewels of Darkness'' by [[wikipedia:Telecomsoft#Firebird|Firebird]] and [[wikipedia:Telecomsoft#Rainbird|Rainbird Software]].<ref name="El Anillo"/><ref name="FAQ"/><ref name="Tolkien Games"/><br />
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== Story ==<br />
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After the defeat of [[Sauron]] the [[Dark Tower]] was destroyed but its treasures remain. The player must collect the treasures but the evil of [[Sauron]] still remains in the dungeons of the Dark Tower as well as some of his minions.<ref>[http://l9memorial.if-legends.org/html/da.html Dungeon Adventure] at The Level 9 Memoriol (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref><br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title|italics}}<br />
[[Category:Amstrad CPC games]]<br />
[[Category:Atari 400 games]]<br />
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]<br />
[[Category:Text-Adventure video games]]<br />
[[Category:ZX Spectrum games]]</div>Amrothhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=File:Dungeon_Adventure_-_Cover.jpg&diff=262082File:Dungeon Adventure - Cover.jpg2014-12-30T22:23:38Z<p>Amroth: moved File:Dungeon-Adventure-1-.jpg to File:Dungeon Adventure - Cover.jpg</p>
<hr />
<div>==Licensing==<br />
{{Copyright-fairuse|[[Level 9 Computing]]}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Images from Dungeon Adventure]]</div>Amroth