Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Catapults

2026-03-08T22:43:14Z

Angon: Added the image "Trebuchets" by John Howe to the article

[[File:John Howe - Trebuchets.jpg|thumb|John Howe - ''Trebuchets'']]
'''Catapults''' were siege engines used for casting missiles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite DTP|id=LR 5.04.142}}</ref>

During the [[Siege of Gondor|siege of Minas Tirith]] the [[Morgul-host]]<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for 10 March 3019</ref> led by the [[Witch-king]] set up great catapults,<ref name=":1">{{Cite DTP|id=LR 5.04.139}}</ref> which were used to throw into the first circle of [[Minas Tirith]] both flaming missiles<ref name=":0" /> to cause fires<ref name=":2">{{Cite DTP|id=LR 5.04.143}}</ref> and severed heads of fallen [[Gondorians]]<ref name=":2" /> to cause dread and despair.<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=LR 5.04.144}}</ref> Gondorians also had similar engines upon the [[City Wall|walls]] of Minas Tirith, but they were smaller and couldn't reach catapults of the enemy.<ref name=":1" /> It is possible that these Gondorian catapults were later used to crush or set aflame siege towers used by the besiegers.<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=LR 5.04.186}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:The Morgul-host uses catapults, operated by [[Orcs]] and [[Trolls]]. They launch both severed heads of Gondorian soldiers and flaming missiles (as in the book), but also stone missiles, able to damage the walls of Minas Tirith.
:Gondorians use [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebuchet trebuchets], which launch pieces of broken walls instead of dedicated missiles. They are used successfully to destroy several siege towers of the enemy.
{{references}}

[[Category:Weapons]]

Orc-chieftain

2026-02-05T00:35:35Z

Angon: The "truncheon" mentioned in the description of this combat by Tolkien means "a broken-off piece of a spear", not a separate weapon. This also indicates that the orc-chieftain thrusted with his spear and didn't throw it.

{{short description|Huge Orc warrior}}
{{Unnamed}}
{{infobox character
|name = orc-chieftain
|people = [[Orcs|Orc]]
|image = John Howe - Under His Blow.jpg
|caption = "Under His Blow" by [[John Howe]]
|pronun =
|othernames =
|titles = Chieftain
|position =
|location = [[Moria]]
|affiliation =
|language =
|birth =
|birthlocation =
|rule =
|death = [[15 January]], {{TA|3019}}<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>
|deathlocation = [[Chamber of Mazarbul]]
|age =
|notablefor = Striking [[Frodo Baggins]] with his spear
|house =
|family =
|parentage =
|siblings =
|spouse =
|children =
|gender = Male<ref name = "Description">{{FR|Bridge}}: His broad flat face was swart, his eyes were like coals, and his tongue was red; he wielded a great spear. </ref>
|height = Almost [[Men|Man]]-sized<ref name = "HeightClothing">{{FR|Bridge}}: But even as they retreated, and before Pippin and Merry had reached the stair outside, a huge orc-chieftain, almost man-high, clad in black mail from head to foot, leaped into the chamber; behind him his followers clustered in the doorway.</ref>
|hair =
|eyes = Black<ref name = "Description"></ref>
|clothing = Black mail<ref name = "HeightClothing"></ref>
|weapons = Spear,<ref name = "Description"></ref> Scimitar,<ref name = "Flung">{{FR|Bridge}}: But even as the orc flung down the truncheon and swept out his scimitar, Andúril came down upon his helm.</ref> Shield<ref name = "Shield">{{FR|Bridge}}: With a thrust of his huge hide shield he turned Boromir’s sword and bore him backwards, throwing him to the ground.</ref>
|steed =
|audio =
|audiocaption =
|timeline =
|gallery = the orc-chieftain
}}
A huge '''[[Orcs|orc]]-chieftain''' attacked the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] and struck [[Frodo Baggins]] with his [[Spears|spear]] during the [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul]].

==History==
While travelling through [[Moria|the Kingdom of Khazad-dûm]], the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] were assailed by [[Orcs]] in the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]]. After the walkers had slain thirteen of the Orcs, the rest of the troop fled shrieking. Soon after, a fearsome Orc-chieftain, brandishing a spear and shield, and his followers leaped into the Chamber. [[Boromir]] tried to strike him but the Orc turned the Boromir's sword with his shield, knocking him to the ground. [[Aragorn]] tried to strike him with [[Andúril]] but the Orc dived under the sword and swiftly charged into the company. He thrusted his spear at [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], which caught the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] on his right side and hurled him against the wall, pinning him. [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] cried out and hacked the spear's shaft with his [[Daggers of Westernesse|Barrow-blade]], breaking it. The Orc threw down a broken spear-shaft and swept out his [[scimitar]]. Aragorn swung Andúril and struck the chieftain's helmet, breaking it and cleaving his head. His followers fled, howling at the sight of their dead chieftain.<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

==Description==
The Chieftain was almost the size of a [[Men|Man]].<ref name="HeightClothing"></ref> He had a broad, swarthy, flat face, eyes like coals and a red tongue.<ref name="Description"></ref>

He was well equipped: He wore black mail<ref name="HeightClothing"></ref> and used a huge hide shield.<ref name="Shield"></ref> The chieftain was armed a spear<ref name="Description"></ref> and a scimitar.<ref name="Flung"></ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="251px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Orc-chieftain.png|[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:Hobitit - Orc-chieftain.png|''[[Hobitit]]''
File:Álvaro Calvo Escudero - Orc-chieftain.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game]]''
</gallery>
'''[[1978]]: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:After [[Gandalf]] tells [[Fellowship of the Ring|the Fellowship]] to "run for it", the orc-chieftain gives a war cry and charges. He is alone, without any followers. [[Boromir]] tries to stop him but the chieftain blocks him with his shield, which falls to the ground with Boromir. [[Aragorn]] swings at the chieftain with [[Andúril|his sword]] but the [[Orcs|Orc]] ducks under it and pushes Aragorn to the ground, before letting out another war cry and throwing his spear at [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. The spear strikes Frodo in the centre of his chest, rather than to his right. Aragorn gets up and runs at the Orc, but he is punched in the stomach and on the back of his neck. Aragorn turns and strikes the Orc with his sword on the left of his torso. The chieftain tumbles to the ground and Aragorn slashes him again on his left leg. The orc lies still and Aragorn stabs him once more on the back.

'''[[1993]]: ''[[Hobitit]]'':'''
:The [[Moria]] sequence takes place in episode 6, ''Lórien''. The orc-chieftain attacks in the middle of the battle, not after the Orcs have been driven off, and has no followers. is not met with any resistance when walking towards [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] beside other members of [[Fellowship of the Ring|the Fellowship]] yelling Frodo's name in warning. The chieftain does not throw the spear but rather stabs Frodo, meaning the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] is not pinned against the wall. [[Boromir]] arrives and slashes the chieftain's face, who moans in agony and crumbles before [[Aragorn]] delivers the finishing blow.

'''[[2001]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The orc-chieftain is omitted. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] is stabbed by a [[Cave-trolls|Cave-troll]] instead.

'''[[2014]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game]]'':'''
:The chieftain is depicted in the [[2014]] expansion ''The Road Darkens'' on the "Orc-chieftain" card, illustrated by Álvaro Calvo Escudero. The card has the following effects:
<blockquote>Cannot have attachments. Allies cannot defend against Orc-chieftain. Forced: At the beginning of the encounter phase, Orc-chieftain engages the first player.</blockquote>
{{References}}

[[Category:Orcs|Chieftain]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]

Tree-men

2025-12-02T13:31:48Z

Angon: /* Other versions of the legendarium */ Since Sarqindi is a type of Ogres, I added a link to the article about Ogres.

"'''Tree-men'''" was a term used by [[Samwise Gamgee]] in [[The Shire]] for some unspecified creatures.<ref name="hobbit">{{FR|I2}}, pp. 58-9</ref>

==History==
On [[12 April]] in the year [[Third Age 3018|3018]] of the late [[Third Age]], Samwise Gamgee told [[Ted Sandyman]] in the [[Green Dragon]] about rumours regarding sightings of giant Tree-men beyond the [[North Moors]]. When Ted questioned Sam's credibility, Sam stated that his cousin [[Halfast Gamgee]] actually saw one of these [[giants]] which apparently "was as big as an elm tree, and walking - walking seven yards to a stride". Ted still questioned the credibility of the rumour.<ref name="hobbit" />

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In "[[The Tale of Eärendel]]" in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[Eärendil]] set sail in [[Vingilot]] and had many voyages in his quest to reach [[Valinor]]. During one of these voyages, Vingilot was driven south by the wind into [[Far Harad|dark regions]] and fire-mountains where he encountered "Tree-men" alongside [[Haradrim|Sun-dwellers]], [[Pygmies]], and ''[[Ogres|Sarqindi]]''.<ref name="south">{{LT2|V}}, pp. 254, 261</ref>

In the first iteration of the conversation at the Green Dragon, Samwise never names the creature, and only used the word "giants", describing them as being "as big as a tower or leastways a tree".<ref name="first">{{RS|2XV}}, pp. 254</ref> Tolkien changed this phrase soon afterwards, adding the term "'''Tree-Men'''" and briefly dropping "or leastways a tree" from the sentence.<ref name="first" /> In the second draft of the conversation, Tolkien revised the spelling to '''Tree-men''',<ref name="second">{{RS|3XIX2}}, pp. 319</ref> yet in a later draft, Tolkien spelled the term as '''Treemen'''.<ref name="last">{{RS|3XXII}}, pp. 386</ref> Sometime later, Tolkien changed the term back to Tree-men and the comparison from a tower to an elm tree.

On [[28 February]] in [[1964]], Tolkien stated in a letter to James Heaf that he did "not think it was an [[Entwives|Entwife]] which Hal saw on the North Moors" and suggested that the Tree-man may have been "a [[Trolls|troll]]" of some kind.<ref name="unpublished">[https://www.tolkienguide.com/guide/letters/544?q=tag%3AEntwives TCG Letter #544] on the Tolkien Collector Guide</ref> While trolls were never said to be capable of "walking seven yards to a stride"<ref name="hobbit" />, it is possible that some details of the sighting may have been exaggerated by Halfast.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===''The Lord of the Rings Online''===
In the video game ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'', there are many different types of trolls, one of these groups are '''Wood-trolls'''. These Wood-trolls are often mistaken for [[Ents]] and Giants. There is also a quest in the Shire wherein a Hobbit requests that the player investigate sightings of a walking tree in the North Moors. The '''Walking Tree''' in question turns out to be a [[Huorns|Huorn]] that is trapped by [[Spiders]].

===''The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power''===
In the [[The Great Wave|fourth episode]] of the first season of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', [[Galadriel]] tells [[Elendil]] of the stone-giants of the [[North Moors]].<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', Season One, 4. "[[The Great Wave]]"</ref> While the term "Tree-men" is not mentioned, it can be inferred that Galadriel is referring to the Tree-men rather than the giants of the [[Misty Mountains]] since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', the Tree-men are described as possibly being akin to giants,<ref name="hobbit" /> and that giants were never said to dwell in the North Moors.

{{references}}

[[Category:Characters of unknown race]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:Other races]]
[[Category:Trolls]]

Southerners

2025-11-24T18:06:39Z

Angon: Restored the "See Also" section, added Ruffians to it

The '''Southerners''' were an ill-defined group of people, generally referred to as such by [[Men of Bree|Bree-landers]]. These men came up from the [[Greenway]] into [[Bree]] out of lands to the south around [[Dunland]]. They had come up into the [[Bree-land]]s looking for a place of peace from the unrest in their homes, though a few such as the [[squint-eyed southerner]] were in fact spies of [[Saruman]] and were not to be trusted.<ref>{{FR|Sign}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Squint-eyed southerner]]
* [[Ruffians]]
* [[Dunlendings]]

==Other writings==
===''The End of Bovadium''===
In the Foreword of ''[[The End of Bovadium]]'', [[Doctor Sarevelk]] labeled the Vastians who dwelt south of the ''[[Via Maxima]]''<ref name="FII">{{TBF|II}}</ref> in ''[[Bovadium]]'' as '''A-people''' since they were the speakers of [[language A]].<ref name="Foreword">{{TBF|Foreword}}</ref> In Fragment II of the text, the A-people<ref name="Foreword" /> are referred to as '''Southerners'''. During the takeover of the city by the ''[[Motores Bi]]'', the Southerners were not as affected because their lands were "guarded by great gates and iron bars" that the ''Motores'' could not pass. As a consequence, they were still able to enjoy a peace free from the ''Motores''. However, after the [[Northerners]] became jealous of them and proposed to the Minister that a new road should be built "through the southern meadows", the Southerners distracted the Minister with their own proposals. But this was futile since the Minister choose not to do anything proposed by the Southerners or the Northerners and would have proceeded with his own plan had he not gotten trapped in the [[Capital City]]. The debate of the Southerners and the Northerners never reached a resolution because they were all "slain by the poisonous fumes" of the Motores.<ref name="FII" />

In a [[Domine defende nos contra hos Motores bos!|related poem]], the Southerners are referred to as the '''Southern folk'''.<ref>{{TBF|2texts}}</ref>

{{References}}

[[Category:Men]]
[[Category:The End of Bovadium]]

Grimbeorn

2025-10-07T11:11:02Z

Angon: The edit war continues

{{infobox character
| people=[[Northmen|Northman]]
| name=Grimbeorn
| image=The Lord of the Rings - The Card Game - Grimbeorn.jpg
| caption="Grimbeorn" from [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]
| pronun=
| othernames=The Old
| titles=Chieftain of the [[Beornings]]
| position=
| location=[[Vales of Anduin]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Beorn]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Grimbeorn the Old''' was the son of [[Beorn]].

==History==
Grimbeorn became a great lord in his own right. Like his father, he was the chieftain of the [[Beornings]] and he dwelt in the same regions of the [[Vales of Anduin]]. During his time, the [[High Pass]] and the [[Ford of Carrock]] were kept open and no [[Orcs|Orc]] or [[Wargs|Wolf]] dared to enter his land.<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

==Etymology==
'''Grimbeorn''' is an [[Old English]] name,<ref>{{HM|IE}}, The Giving of Names, On Old English, pp. 212 and Meaningful Names, p. 218</ref> which means "fierce-warrior" or "severe-prince"<ref>{{HM|IE}}, The Giving of Names, Meaningful Names, p. 218</ref>.

Old English ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grimm#Old_English grimm]'' or g''rim'' means "fierce" or "severe" (like in modern English). For the meaning of ''beorn'' see [[Beorn#Etymology|Beorn - Etymology]].

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| BEO | |BEO=[[Beorn]] ''fl. {{TA|2941}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | |}}
{{familytree| GRI | |GRI='''GRIMBEORN''' ''fl. {{TA|3019}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Snowmane in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:Decipher - Grimbeorn.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Grimbeorn.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:Despite not featuring in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card depicting the character. He was portrayed by sword smith Peter Lyon.

'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Grimbeorn is the lord of all Beornings and lives at his home, the [[Beorn's Hall|Beorninghús]], with his wife Gírta and three children: the eldest daughter Langhár, the middle son Sterkist and the youngest, who becomes the [[Beorning]] player's character after Grimbeorn sends them to find the Ranger [[Aragorn]] at the urging of [[Radagast]]. During the [[War of the Ring]] Grimbeorn visits the camp of Vindurhal in the [[High Pass]] of the [[Misty Mountains]], but returns home soon after. After the destruction of [[The One Ring]], Grimbeorn is visited by [[Gandalf]], [[Legolas]] and the player on their journey back to [[Gondor]] after a brief visit to the northern lands. Already annoyed by a number of visitors, Grimbeorn is then forced to host a much larger procession when [[Elrond]] and much of his house stay at his lodge on their way to [[Minas Tirith]] for [[Arwen]]'s wedding.

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=[[Northmen]]
|house=[[Beornings]]
|born=After {{TA|2941}}
|died=After {{TA|3018}}
}}
{{seq
|prev=[[Beorn]]
|list=2nd Chieftain of the [[Beornings]]
|dates=Around {{TA|3018}}
|next=Unknown
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Beornings]]
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Grimbeorn]]
[[fi:Grimbeorn]]

Beorn

2025-10-07T11:10:33Z

Beorn

2025-10-06T08:46:15Z

Angon: The edit war begins

Grimbeorn

2025-10-06T08:45:47Z

Angon: The edit war begins

{{infobox character
| people=[[Northmen|Northman]]
| name=Grimbeorn
| image=The Lord of the Rings - The Card Game - Grimbeorn.jpg
| caption="Grimbeorn" from [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]
| pronun=
| othernames=The Old
| titles=Chieftain of the [[Beornings]]
| position=
| location=[[Vales of Anduin]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Beorn]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Grimbeorn the Old''' was the son of [[Beorn]].

==History==
Grimbeorn became a great lord in his own right. Like his father, he was the chieftain of the [[Beornings]] and he dwelt in the same regions of the [[Vales of Anduin]]. During his time, the [[High Pass]] and the [[Ford of Carrock]] were kept open and no [[Orcs|Orc]] or [[Wargs|Wolf]] dared to enter his land.<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

==Etymology==
'''Grimbeorn''' is an [[Old English]] name,<ref>{{HM|IE}}, The Giving of Names, On Old English, pp. 212 and Meaningful Names, p. 218</ref> which means "fierce-warrior" or "severe-prince"<ref>{{HM|IE}}, The Giving of Names, Meaningful Names, p. 218</ref>.

Old English ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grimm#Old_English grimm]'' or g''rim'' means "fierce" or "severe" (like in modern English).<ref name="BT">{{webcite|website=[http://www.bosworthtoller.com/ Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]|articleurl=https://bosworthtoller.com/17507|articlename=GRIM|accessed=4 October 2025}}</ref> For the meaning of ''beorn'' see [[Beorn#Etymology|Beorn - Etymology]].

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| BEO | |BEO=[[Beorn]] ''fl. {{TA|2941}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | |}}
{{familytree| GRI | |GRI='''GRIMBEORN''' ''fl. {{TA|3019}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Snowmane in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:Decipher - Grimbeorn.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Grimbeorn.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:Despite not featuring in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card depicting the character. He was portrayed by sword smith Peter Lyon.

'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Grimbeorn is the lord of all Beornings and lives at his home, the [[Beorn's Hall|Beorninghús]], with his wife Gírta and three children: the eldest daughter Langhár, the middle son Sterkist and the youngest, who becomes the [[Beorning]] player's character after Grimbeorn sends them to find the Ranger [[Aragorn]] at the urging of [[Radagast]]. During the [[War of the Ring]] Grimbeorn visits the camp of Vindurhal in the [[High Pass]] of the [[Misty Mountains]], but returns home soon after. After the destruction of [[The One Ring]], Grimbeorn is visited by [[Gandalf]], [[Legolas]] and the player on their journey back to [[Gondor]] after a brief visit to the northern lands. Already annoyed by a number of visitors, Grimbeorn is then forced to host a much larger procession when [[Elrond]] and much of his house stay at his lodge on their way to [[Minas Tirith]] for [[Arwen]]'s wedding.

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=[[Northmen]]
|house=[[Beornings]]
|born=After {{TA|2941}}
|died=After {{TA|3018}}
}}
{{seq
|prev=[[Beorn]]
|list=2nd Chieftain of the [[Beornings]]
|dates=Around {{TA|3018}}
|next=Unknown
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Beornings]]
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Grimbeorn]]
[[fi:Grimbeorn]]

Northern Mannish

2025-10-04T22:03:37Z

Angon: Parentheses are unnecessary.

'''Northern Mannish''' refers to the [[Mannish]] language or languages spoken by the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]].

As the Northmen were distantly related to the [[Edain]] and the [[Númenóreans]], their language(s) had common elements with [[Adûnaic]] and [[Westron]].

== Origins and history ==
The first [[Men]] who migrated [[West]] in the [[First Age]] spoke at least two languages. One was spoken by the northern group, however most people of the [[House of Hador|Greater Folk]] of that group stayed behind while traversing [[Greenwood the Great]] in Rhovanion; those were the ancestors of the Northmen. As such, their language was related to that of their cousins, the Edain of the [[House of Beor]] and the [[House of Hador]], who reached [[Beleriand]] in the West.<ref>{{UT|8}}</ref><ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref>

Those folk had close relations with the [[Longbeards]], the [[Dwarves]] who occupied the mountains and hills around Rhovanion. In the [[Second Age]] they had mutual respect and warm friendship, and the Longbeards adopted the speech of Men, keeping their own language to themselves.<ref name=relations /><ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> The Dwarves even made their own names from N. Mannish elements, or even fabricated names that sounded like N. Mannish.<ref>{{App|Languages}}</ref><ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #32</ref> The custom apparently reached the [[Dwarves of Moria]], and the Dwarf signing as [[Narvi]].

By the Third Age, the Kings of Gondor recognised the common ancestry with the Northmen and their languages.<ref name=App>{{App|Men}}</ref>

As the earliest known location of the Hobbits was the Vales of Anduin (c. T.A. 1050), they were in contact with the Éothéod. The name Kuduk (Hobbit) itself for example is believed to be derived from the Northern kûd-dûkan (Holbytlan; hole builders). During their Wandering Days, the Hobbits retained some peculiar words from old in their dialect, even after adopting Westron.<ref>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref>

A prominent Northern language was the [[language of Dale]]; the Dwarves of Erebor bore external names in that language.<ref name=App/>

== Translation ==
As Westron is rendered with modern English, Northern Mannish is rendered with archaic Germanic languages, such as [[Gothic]] (in the case of Northmen of Rhovanion), [[Old English]] (Éothéod and the [[Rohirrim]]) and [[Norse]] ([[Dale]] and [[Esgaroth]]).

Many Dwarven characters, as well as [[Gandalf]], bear Norse names, representing their contact with the Language of Dale. Most of them are taken from the [[Dvergatal]], an ancient Norse listing the names of many dwarves.
==Inspiration==
[[Christopher Tolkien]] suggests that "''those Dwarf-names in ''The Hobbit'' [from ''[[Völuspá]]''] provided the whole starting-point for the Mannish languages in Middle-earth.''"<ref>{{PM|II}}, Commentary to §58</ref><ref>Charles B. Noad, "[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/tolkien/book_reviews_01.html Review: The Peoples of Middle-earth (The History of Middle-earth XII)]" at Tolkiensociety.org. See section "Dwarvish and Mannish Related". Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref>
{{References}}

{{Languages}}

[[Category:Languages]]

Grimbeorn

2025-10-04T19:08:59Z

Angon: /* Etymology */ Added a link to Wiktionary page for Old English "grimm", changed wording a bit.

{{infobox character
| people=[[Northmen|Northman]]
| name=Grimbeorn
| image=The Lord of the Rings - The Card Game - Grimbeorn.jpg
| caption="Grimbeorn" from [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]
| pronun=
| othernames=The Old
| titles=Chieftain of the [[Beornings]]
| position=
| location=[[Vales of Anduin]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Beorn]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Grimbeorn the Old''' was the son of [[Beorn]].

==History==
Grimbeorn became a great lord in his own right. Like his father, he was the chieftain of the [[Beornings]] and he dwelt in the same regions of the [[Vales of Anduin]]. During his time, the [[High Pass]] and the [[Ford of Carrock]] were kept open and no [[Orcs|Orc]] or [[Wargs|Wolf]] dared to enter his land.<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

==Etymology==
'''Grimbeorn''' is an [[Old English]] name,<ref>{{HM|IE}}, The Giving of Names, On Old English, pp. 212 and Meaningful Names, p. 218</ref> which means "fierce-warrior" or "severe-prince"<ref>{{HM|IE}}, The Giving of Names, Meaningful Names, p. 218</ref>.

Old English ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grimm#Old_English grimm]'' or g''rim'' means "fierce" or "severe" (like in modern English).<ref name="BT">{{webcite|website=[http://www.bosworthtoller.com/ Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]|articleurl=https://bosworthtoller.com/17507|articlename=GRIM|accessed=4 October 2025}}</ref> For the meaning of ''beorn'' see [[Beorn#Etymology|Beorn - Etymology]].

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| BEO | |BEO=[[Beorn]] ''fl. {{TA|2941}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | |}}
{{familytree| GRI | |GRI='''GRIMBEORN''' ''fl. {{TA|3019}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Snowmane in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:Decipher - Grimbeorn.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Grimbeorn.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:Despite not featuring in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card depicting the character. He was portrayed by sword smith Peter Lyon.

'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Grimbeorn is the lord of all Beornings and lives at his home, the [[Beorn's Hall|Beorninghús]], with his wife Gírta and three children: the eldest daughter Langhár, the middle son Sterkist and the youngest, who becomes the [[Beorning]] player's character after Grimbeorn sends them to find the Ranger [[Aragorn]] at the urging of [[Radagast]]. During the [[War of the Ring]] Grimbeorn visits the camp of Vindurhal in the [[High Pass]] of the [[Misty Mountains]], but returns home soon after. After the destruction of [[The One Ring]], Grimbeorn is visited by [[Gandalf]], [[Legolas]] and the player on their journey back to [[Gondor]] after a brief visit to the northern lands. Already annoyed by a number of visitors, Grimbeorn is then forced to host a much larger procession when [[Elrond]] and much of his house stay at his lodge on their way to [[Minas Tirith]] for [[Arwen]]'s wedding.

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=[[Northmen]]
|house=[[Beornings]]
|born=After {{TA|2941}}
|died=After {{TA|3018}}
}}
{{seq
|prev=[[Beorn]]
|list=2nd Chieftain of the [[Beornings]]
|dates=Around {{TA|3018}}
|next=Unknown
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Beornings]]
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Grimbeorn]]
[[fi:Grimbeorn]]

Beorn

2025-10-04T19:03:16Z

Angon: /* Etymology */ Added a link to Wiktionary pages for Old English "beorn" and Old Norse bjǫrn. Returned the mention of it being a popular Scandinavian name with a link to Wikipedia. It is first attested in the late 9th century in the Vita Ansgarii.

User talk:Ar-Zigûr

2025-09-11T12:43:34Z

Angon: /* Birthdate of Legolas */ new section

{{Template:Welcome|realName=Cyril|name=Ar-Zigûr}}

-- [[User:Mith|'''Mith''']] ([[User talk:Mith|'''Talk''']]/[[Special:Contributions/Mith|Contribs]]/[[Special:Editcount/Mith/Edits|Edits]]) 12:32, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

==First Age Category==
Please, stop. See [[First Age#Terminology]], [[User talk:LorenzoCB#First Age]]. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 12:33, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

:Well, I read "First Age#Terminology" before, so that's why I decided to add a category "First Age years" to all of these articles. 1500 Valian years plus 590 solar years equals First Age of Arda, isn't it?

::The section explains that Tolkien Gateway uses the terminology in which "First Age" is used for the first of the Ages of the Sun. If we tag the Years of the Trees as part of the First Age, it will require a total revision of the wiki, and we are not doing that. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 13:59, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

:::Okay ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ {{unsigned|Ar-Zigûr}}

:::I actually agree with Ar-Zigur here. Way too many online sources commit the mistake of equating First Age with the final years of the First Age (years of the Sun 1 - 590), when it has been explicitly confirmed by Tolkien, over and over, that these are actually the final years of the First Age (of the Children of Iluvatar). I personally don't think that Tolkien Gateway, as probably the most trusted and referenced source of information on anything Tolkien related, should be perpetuating misconceptions.

:::Anyway, those are just my two cents on the subject. [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] 15:16, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

::::I think the same, but applying the "more correct" terminology is too complicated, specially when we already have implanted one. But I don't see it as perpetuating misconceptions, but having a convention. It is not the only convention and it is nothing wrong with it as long as we explain it and keep the consistency. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 15:47, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

==On your recent edits==
Hi! I think you are doing a necessary job revising those "lordship" templates so they have the same terms and style. However, we must avoid creating non-attested terms, such as "Lord of the March of Maedhros" or "House of Oropher"; please, remove that kind of things. Also, as I indicated in one of my edits, there is no need of including references in the infoboxes, unless the indicated info is not present in the article; otherwise it is redundant and doesn't help to keep the infoboxes simple and clean as they should be. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 17:03, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

:Thanks) Okay, I'll fix these edits. --[[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] 17:53, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

:Done! --[[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] 18:00, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

== Gil-galad ==

Your edit makes it much more clear; thank you! --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 20:45, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

Hi Ar-Zigûr. Would you mind explaining in [[Talk:Gil-galad]] how your recent edits reverting my own are in alignment with [[TG:CANON]]? To be frank: I don't think they are. I'd like to hear your reasoning and discuss lest the issue devolve into edit warring. I've already stated my position on the Talk page. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 18:02, 3 September 2022 (UTC)

Hello, I suppose it's up to [[:User:LorenzoCB|Lorenzo]] to settle a dispute between us. I think you should have state your position about the topic on his Talk page instead the discussion under Gil-galad's article earlier. [[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] ([[User talk:Ar-Zigûr|talk]]) 08:23, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

:It's my understanding that discussion about a specific article should go on that article's Talk page - is that wrong? But if you prefer to discuss on Lorenzo's talk page, I'm happy to go there. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 16:13, 6 September 2022 (UTC)
:OK, here you go: [[User_talk:LorenzoCB#Gil-galad and TG:CANON]] --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 17:10, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

==Kingship of the Noldor==
Both Fëanor and Fingolfin claimed the Kingship of the Noldor at Aman. This is hinted in ''The Silmarillion'', but explained in more detail in ''The Shibboleth of Fëanor''.--[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] ([[User talk:LorenzoCB|talk]]) 17:52, 7 April 2023 (UTC)

== First Age 402 ==

Hi Ar-Zigûr, thanks for all your help! Question, regarding your recent edits to [[First Age 402]]. I noticed you changed [[Bëor]] to [[Bregor]] but did not update the reference where that information comes from. I think that might confuse the readers. Maybe we should include what the source material says, and then add a note to explain the discrepancy, with a reference to the contradicting information? I also noticed the original article says "the sons of [[Finarfin]]", but my book actually says "the sons of [[Finrod]]". --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 15:55, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

:Hello! Yes, you're absolutely right, it would be much better do not change the name, but make a note instead. I didn't think about it, but I can fix that. Concerning the text of the Annals, under the name ''Finrod'' there was actually mentioned Finarfin, because at that time Finrod Felagund beared the name ''[[Inglor]]''. --[[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] ([[User talk:Ar-Zigûr|talk]]) 17:35, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

: Done, thank you! --[[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] ([[User talk:Ar-Zigûr|talk]]) 17:41, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

::You're awesome, thank you! I went ahead and made one minor tweak to include the original name for Finarfin so if the reader looks up the reference, they can understand how we came to that conclusion, hopefully that makes sense. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 17:52, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

::: I don't mind. --[[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] ([[User talk:Ar-Zigûr|talk]]) 17:59, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

=="Art"==
The images you uploaded today by Isabellerecs are not appropiate for Tolkien Gateway. We had dozens of those filling the infoboxes in the past, and I had to clean them out, because that's not original art, but copypasted dolls and dressed up like in those Barbie games.--[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] ([[User talk:LorenzoCB|talk]]) 11:13, 22 May 2023 (UTC)

== New location ==
I was happy to see that you added a new location to your user page. I hope that you did not need to make the passage of the Karelian marshes, which are infested with mosquitos at certain times of the year. In these dark days many men of your age are pressed into the army of the Dark Lord of Mornduin Gorod. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 12:01, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

:Oh, thank you:) Fortunately, I had spent much of my lifetime in Finland, since my mother is Finnish, and so I always was living between Russia and Finland. I just relocated there permanently about a year ago. --[[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] ([[User talk:Ar-Zigûr|talk]]) 12:53, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

== Discord ==
Hello! Ar-Zigur!

Have you ever cosidered joining our Discord? Most of the decisions (regrettably, I suppose) are made on Discord - not to mention all the interesting discussions, both in terms or lore as well as editing practices.

I for one think you'd make a worthy addition to it, especially in our resent discussions about the timeline of the ''Grey Annals'' and the whole YT/YS/FA mess. - [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] ([[User talk:IvarTheBoneless|talk]]) 08:15, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

:Good evening, Ivar! I already joined TG Discord a couple of months ago, but I'm read-only for the most part. Concerning your recent discussion, I think that 'FA' just should be simly replaced with 'YT'. For me, the year labelled as YS obviously means that the year belongs to the First Age, otherwise it would be labelled as 'SA' or 'TA'. However, I'm afraid that's not so obvious for others. -- [[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] ([[User talk:Ar-Zigûr|talk]]) 14:44, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

::Why don't you take a more active role on Discord - your contributions to the discussions there would be valuable.

::I can count the number of active editors on TG on both my hands lol - [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] ([[User talk:IvarTheBoneless|talk]]) 17:08, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

:::Also, if you don't mind my asking, what's your Discord name? - [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] ([[User talk:IvarTheBoneless|talk]]) 11:47, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

::::My nickname is "Agrippa". --- [[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] ([[User talk:Ar-Zigûr|talk]]) 14:14, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

== YS vs FA ==
Hey, Ar-Zigur - can we first reach a consensus on the YS/FA before we start applying it (as you did in the 'Eol' article)? Reach out on Discord. - [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] ([[User talk:IvarTheBoneless|talk]]) 19:23, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

== Ainur infoboxes ==
Is it really necessary to include the ''[[Creation of the Ainur]]'' in the 'Valar' and 'Maiar' infoboxes? It goes without saying that the Ainur were created before Ea.

And as far as their age at 'death', how certain are we that all the Ainur entered Ea at the same time? Tulkas for example did not enter Ea immediately - and the other Ainur, while not as late as Tulkas, could've arrived slightly later than VY 1. - [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] ([[User talk:IvarTheBoneless|talk]]) 07:33, 15 October 2023 (UTC)

:Yeah, you're right. I corrected the note in the article. -- [[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] ([[User talk:Ar-Zigûr|talk]]) 20:30, 15 October 2023 (UTC)

== Expansions of Rohan during the Fourth Age by King Éomer ==
I reverted your edits that introduced the expansions of Rohan during the Fourth Age by King Éomer beyond the Isen and the Greyflood (i.e. Enedwaith including Dunland) into the main sections of the Rohan, Éomer and Dunland pages. This information is from two earlier versions (text II and text III) of the section about The House of Eorl from Appendix A, which are different from and in my opinion in conflict with the final published version of Appendix A and which are also not mentioned in the final published version of Appendix B. The final published version says "In Éomer’s day in the Mark men had peace who wished for it, and the people increased both in the dales and the plains, and their horses multiplied. In Gondor the King Elessar now ruled, and in Arnor also. In all the lands of those realms of old he was king, save in Rohan only; for he renewed to Éomer the gift of Ciríon, and éomer took again the Oath of Eorl. " and Appendix B does not mention any conquests by Éomer during the Fourth Age (which would have been very noteworthy events during a King's reign). In the final version there is no mentioning of his people multiplying beyond Rohan and it is explicitly mentioned that Elessar ruled in all the lands of old of Arnor and Gondor except Rohan where he renewed the gift of Rohan to the Rohirrim. Keep in mind that Enedwaith was at least de jure a part of Arnor or Gondor. It would have been problematic to conquer or occupy an area that was at least de jure part of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor without King Elessar gifting more land than the original area of Calenardhon/Rohan to Éomer and his people. Also keep in mind that J.R.R. Tolkien had the opportunity to add content and to make changes to LOTR for the second edition of LOTR to protect the copyright of LOTR in the U.S. and that he added information to Appendix A (e.g. expanded the information of the events leading to the kin-strife). --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 10:02, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

== Edits on the Witch-king and Khamûl pages ==
You made edits to the Witch-king page and to the Khamûl page, in which you added boxes at the bottom, which imply that they had the title/position "Lord of the Nazgûl" and from which date to which date they had that title/position and that the Witch-king was followed by Khamûl in this title/position and that the Witch-king preceeded Khamûl in that position without any references. There was no information on both pages before those edits that contained those statements. There is no support in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien that Khamûl had the title "Lord of the Nazgûl" or was appointed as the lord of the Nazgûl after the "death" of the Witch-king. Version (i) of The Hunt for the Ring in UT only mentions that when Osgiliath was broken and the bridge was taken at the end of June 3018 the Chieftain of the Ringwraiths lived in Minas Morgul with six companions and that "the second to the Chief, Khamûl the Shadow of the East" lived in Dol Guldur as Sauron's lieutenant with one other. It is speculative what "Chief" and "second to the Chief" refer to and it is speculative that even if it meant that at the end of June 3018 that this automatically led to Khamûl being the new lord/commander of the Nazgûl after the death of the Witch-king instead of some other Ringwraith being appointed ad-hoc by Sauron based upon the then current mood/opinion of Sauron. In short, I believe that those boxes are not necessary and that they are overly speculative and that those changes should be reverted. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 08:29, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

== Copyrighted image uploaded without permission ==

The following image is a commission and permission has not been given to be uploaded. Please remove

[[:File:Elena Kukanova - High King of the Noldor.jpg]] [[User:Melesta|Melesta]] ([[User talk:Melesta|talk]]) 05:52, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

==Concerning your edit to the page on Niënor==
Thank you for your contribution to the page on [[Nienor]], which I had previously claimed. While technically I am bitter that you have edited on a page that I have claimed, I haven’t been editing it much of late and even forgot until now that I claimed it. Thank you for making me remember that I had claimed that page. I will remove the claim tag now because there are only a few more major edits that I will make to the page (though they will not affect the edit you just made to that page).[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 11:12, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

== Birthdate of Legolas ==

I think your edit is too speculative for the page about [[Legolas]] and it is better to move it to [[Legolas/Disputes]], where his possible age is discussed. [[User:Angon|Angon]] ([[User talk:Angon|talk]]) 12:43, 11 September 2025 (UTC)

Talk:Woodcraft

2025-09-05T15:04:44Z

Angon: Woodcraft means "skills required to survive in woodlands" and has nothing to do with "wood" as a material.

==Do we need this page?==
Woodcraft isn't a a particularly important topic in Tolkien's writings (word is used once in LOTR & UT, twice in the Silmarillion) and his usage of the word doesn't seem to differ from the dictionary definition of the word.{{user:Éowyn/sig}}
:The term "woodcraft" is also used one more time in the Children of Hurin ("but the woodcraft of Beleg and the valour of Túrin made them seem to their enemies as a host") and once in the Lays of Beleriand ("to his proven lore / and wise woodcraf"). In the LotR it is also said that the Druedain were "woodcrafty beyond compare. So overall there are at least 7 usages of this word. This word also seems quite interesting and unusual to me, so maybe it deserves its own article? --[[User:Angon|Angon]] ([[User talk:Angon|talk]]) 22:59, 4 September 2025 (UTC)
::I do not find ”woodcraft” and “woodcrafty” to be particularly interesting or unusual words. Such opinions isn’t really notable to give something a page. However, [[wood]] as a material is probably notable enough given that there are other pages on other materials.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 00:13, 5 September 2025 (UTC)
:::I have not been able to find pages on other materials(I.e. wood, stone, glass, etc); however such a page might be useful still. Does wood have any cultural significance for and races or groups in Tolkien's world? [[User:Taurlumiel Celegsûltaur|Taurlumiel Celegsûltaur]] ([[User talk:Taurlumiel Celegsûltaur|talk]]) 11:39, 5 September 2025 (UTC)
:::Woodcraft means "skills required to survive in woodlands" and has nothing to do with "wood" as a material.--[[User:Angon|Angon]] ([[User talk:Angon|talk]]) 15:04, 5 September 2025 (UTC)
:If we keep this page, we should probably make it about [[wood]] in Tolkien’s works in general rather than specifically woodcraft.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 00:13, 5 September 2025 (UTC)
::Maybe it could be merged with [[Trees]]? {{user:Éowyn/sig}} 14:34, 5 September 2025 (UTC)

Talk:Woodcraft

2025-09-04T23:00:14Z

Angon: /* Do we need this page? */ Other cases when Tolkien used this word.

Tom Bombadil

2025-09-03T20:35:05Z

Angon: Undo revision 423889 by Akhorahil (talk)

{{disambig-more|Tom|[[Tom (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|Unknown]]
| image=John Howe - Tom Bombadil.jpg
| caption="Tom Bombadil" by [[John Howe]]
| name=Tom Bombadil
| pronun=
| othernames=''Iarwain Ben-adar'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Orald'' ([[Old English]]) ''Forn'' ([[Old Norse]])
| titles=The [[Eldest]], [[Master]]
| position=
| location=[[Underhill (house)|Underhill]], [[Old Forest]]
| affiliation=[[Forest-folk]]<ref>{{AB|2}}</ref>
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=saving [[Frodo]], [[Sam]], [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]] from [[Old Man Willow]] and the [[Barrow-wights]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Goldberry]]
| children=
| race=[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|Unknown]]
| gender=Male
| height=Short
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Blue jacket and hat, boots
| weapons=Song
| steed=[[Fatty Lumpkin]]
}}
{{quote|Eldest, that's what I am... Tom remembers the first raindrop and the first acorn... he knew the dark under the stars when it was fearless – before the Dark Lord came from Outside.|Tom Bombadil in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[In the House of Tom Bombadil]]"}}

'''Tom Bombadil''' was an enigmatic figure who lived throughout the history of [[Arda]]. Living a short distance east of the [[Old Forest]], he seemed to possess unequaled power in the land around his dwelling. Although seemingly benevolent, he took no stance against the [[Dark Lord]]s.

==Appearance and traits==
{{quote|Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow; Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.|Tom Bombadil}}

Tom looked like an old man who was taller and heavier than a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], but not quite tall enough for a [[Men|man]].<ref name="OldF" />

His face was creased and red as a ripe apple with blue and bright eyes.<ref name="OldF" /> His hands were brown-skinned.<ref name="house" /> He had thick brown hair<ref name="house" /> and a long brown beard.<ref name="OldF" />

Tom wore a blue coat and an old tall hat with a long blue feather and yellow boots.<ref name="OldF" /> Earlier he wore a [[swans|swan]] feather, which he later replaced with a blue one from a [[kingfisher]].<ref>{{AB|2}}</ref>

He lived in a [[Underhill (house)|house]] just outside the eastern edge of the [[Old Forest]] by the river [[Withywindle]],<ref name="OldF" /> together with his lovely wife [[Goldberry]].<ref name="house" /> According to him<ref name="FR|Barrow">{{FR|Barrow}}</ref> and to [[Gandalf]] as well,<ref name="CoE" /> he would not leave his country. The only known location on the border of his country is where he makes that statement, on the south side of the [[East Road]], north of the [[Barrow-downs]] and about four miles northwest of [[Bree]]. His country must have included the Barrow-downs and the [[Old Forest]], and according to the poem "[[Bombadil Goes Boating]]," he visited villages in [[Buckland]] and [[Farmer Maggot]]'s farm in the [[Marish]], which would mean that his country included them as well.

The [[Bucklanders]] had little understanding of his powers and nature. They saw him as mysterious and unpredictable, but benevolent and comic, more or less as the [[Shire-folk]] thought of [[Gandalf]].<ref name="Adv" />

==History==
===Origins===
[[Image:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Tom Bombadil.jpg|thumb|left|''Tom Bombadil'' by [[Olanda Fong-Surdenas]]]]
{{quote|He is a strange creature.|[[Elrond]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}
The origins and [[Tom Bombadil/Nature|nature of Tom Bombadil]] are unknown. He claims to have existed when the [[Morgoth|Dark Lord]] came "from the Outside",<ref name="house">{{FR|Bombadil}}</ref>{{rp|131}} perhaps meaning he was alive at least as far back as the [[Spring of Arda]].<ref>{{RS|Tom}}, p. 122</ref> Bombadil calls himself the "Eldest", [[Glorfindel]] calls him the "First", and his Sindarin name ''Iarwain Ben-adar'' means "Oldest and fatherless."

His role and nature in the [[Elder Days]] and later is unknown. He was in Arda "before the river and the trees" and before the first rain. He "made paths" before the [[Great March]] of the [[Eldar]], and saw the [[Middle Men]] and their [[Barrow Downs|tombs]]. He witnessed the [[Changing of the World]], the reducing of the great forests that covered all [[Middle-earth]], the arrival of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] and of the [[Barrow-wights]].<ref name="house" /><ref name="CoE" />

The nature of his interactions with the outside world is unclear. He had contact with the [[Bucklanders]] throughout the [[Third Age]].<ref name="Adv" /> He was familiar with Frodo, his companions and their families when they visit him. He attributed most of this knowledge to [[Farmer Maggot]].<ref name="house" /> He had names among the Elves, Dwarves and Northern Men. [[Elrond]] knew of him when he ventured in his lands. However, most of the [[Council of Elrond]] were unfamiliar with him, and Elrond admitted to having forgotten about him from long ago.<ref name="CoE" /><ref name="Adv">{{AB|Preface}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Willow Man is Tamed.jpg|thumb|''The Willow Man is Tamed'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
On [[26 September]], {{TA|3018}}, he encountered [[travellers|four hobbits]] while he was searching for water-lilies for his wife. Two of those Hobbits, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], had been captured by [[Old Man Willow]]. Tom, who was the master of the Old Forest, rescued them, and took all four of them to his house.<ref name="OldF">{{FR|Forest}}</ref>

The four hobbits stayed two nights, and he told them many tales and songs. With cunning questions, he made [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] tell him of the [[The One Ring|Ring]]. When Tom tried it on, nothing happened, but he then took it off and flipped it in the air and made the ring itself disappear, showing that indeed within his realm Tom was master. However, when Frodo put the ring on, Tom could still see him. He bade the Hobbit to come back and sit down; his hand was fairer without the ring.

Before his guests went to sleep, Tom warned them of the [[Barrow-downs]], and advised them to pass any barrow on the western side. He also taught them a song, should they come to peril.<ref name="house" />{{rp|134}}

And they did come to peril. Tom chased off a [[Barrow-wights|wight]] with song, and broke the spells on the barrow in which the four hobbits were captured. While he sent the Hobbits to calm down, he went for provisions. He also brought the ponies that had belonged to Merry. After that, he broke the spells of the barrow. From the barrow's mighty hoard, he took a blue-jewelled brooch for Goldberry (probably belonging to the spouse of the [[last prince of Cardolan]] he seemingly met long ago),<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Fog on the Barrow-downs", pp. 146-7</ref><ref>{{RS|Wight}}, p. 127-8</ref> and gave a [[Daggers of Westernesse|dagger]] to each of the hobbits. He then advised them to make for ''[[The Prancing Pony]]'' in [[Bree]].<ref name="FR|Barrow" />

The peril of the hobbits was not over; an attack on their lives was carried out, and their ponies were set loose. The ponies apparently remembered the care they were given in the house of Tom Bombadil, and returned to stay beside Tom's own pony, [[Fatty Lumpkin]]. He returned them to [[Barliman Butterbur]], the proprietor of ''The Prancing Pony''. Since he had paid eighteen pence as compensation for the loss, he was now the owner of five fine ponies.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref>

As he was merry and benevolent, some of the [[Free Peoples]] considered him a potential ally against [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. [[Elrond]] and [[Erestor]] considered that he should be present at the [[Council of Elrond]]. However, according to [[Gandalf]], Tom Bombadil was perhaps not fully aware of the struggle of Light and Darkness and could not prove useful to their causes.<ref name="CoE" />

After the [[fall of Sauron]] at the end of the War, the [[Travelers]] returned to the Shire, but Gandalf left them and went to talk to Tom.<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref>{{rp|996}}

Eventually the defeat of Sauron the victory of the [[West]] allowed Tom to continue and "survive" in the [[later Ages]].<ref>{{L|144}}</ref>

===Legacy===
Tom Bombadil’s existence passed into Hobbit lore and was referenced in poems such as ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' and ''[[Bombadil Goes Boating]]''. The Hobbit, [[Samwise Gamgee]], based and modeled his protagonist in ''[[The Stone Troll]]'', [[Tom (The Stone Troll)|Tom]], after Bombadil, considering that Sam composed the poem soon after their meeting.<ref name="RF">{{HM|Guide}}, p. 385</ref> In the poem, Tom encounters an old [[Stone-trolls|troll]], gnawing for years on the shinbone of Tim, his [[Unusual words|nuncle]], and Tom demands for the troll to let it down.<ref>{{FR|I12}}</ref><ref>{{AB|7}}</ref> It is likely that Tim was only an invention by Sam rather than actually being Tom Bombadil's nuncle.<ref name="RF" />

==Other names==
He also went by other names:
*To the [[Elves]]<ref name="CoE">{{FR|Council}}, p. 265</ref> he was known with the [[Sindarin]] name<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry S ''pen-'', p. 34</ref> '''''[[iaur|Iar]][[gwain|wain]] [[penadar|Ben-adar]]''''',<ref name="CoE" /> which translates to "Oldest and Fatherless"<ref name="CoE" />. ''Iarwain'' literally means "Old-young", presumably because he had always appeared to be much the same: "old, but very vigorous"<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 128; quoting an unpublished letter from late 1968 by J.R.R. Tolkien from a private collection</ref>
*To the [[Northmen]]<ref name="CoE" /> he was known by the name '''''Orald'''''.<ref name="CoE" /> ''Orald'' is an [[Old English]] word meaning "very ancient". Old English represents "the [[Rohanese|language of the Rohirrim]] and [[Northern Mannish|their kin]]".<ref name="nomen">{{HM|N}}, entry '''Orald''', p. 761</ref>
*The Dwarves knew him as '''''Forn'''''.<ref name="CoE" /> ''Forn'' is [[North Germanic languages|Scandinavian]] for "(belonging to) ancient (days)".<ref name="nomen" /> Since all the dwarf names are in Old Norse, which represents "a [[Northern Mannish|northern language of Men]]"<ref name="nomen" /> and the Dwarves from the region of Dale took their "outer" names in the [[language of Dale]]<ref>{{App|Translation}}, p. 1137</ref>, it is possible that the name ''Forn'' came from the [[language of Dale]]. In some imprints of ''[[The History of Middle-earth Index]]'', this name was accidentally spelled with a "P" as the first letter: {{HM|IX}}, "Tom Bombadil (VII)", p. 435<nowiki></ref></nowiki>

==Etymology==
The name ''Bombadil'' is [[Bucklandish]] in form. It is probable that the [[Bucklanders|Hobbits from Buckland]] gave him this name.<ref name="Adv" />

[[Paula Marmor]] notes that ''bobadil'' is an archaic word meaning "braggart", as seen in the character "Captain Bobadill" in the English play ''[[Wikipedia:Every Man in His Humour|Every Man in His Humour]]''. Because of its Bucklandish form, ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'' lists the name ''Bombadil'' under the "[[Celtic]]-sounding names". However, it is said that the word derives from '''[[Wikipedia:Boabdil|Boabdil]]''', the Spaniard name of [[Wikipedia:Muhammad XII of Granada|'''Abu Abdillah''' Muhammad XII]], the last Moorish ruler of Granada.<ref>{{HM|IE}}, Giving of Names</ref>

==Inspiration==
Tom Bombadil was inspired primarily from a [[Wikipedia:Peg wooden doll|dutch doll]] Tolkien's child(ren) toyed with.<ref name="intro" /> The doll had a feathered hat. One time they found it in the lavatory, being stuffed there by little [[John Tolkien]], who perhaps didn't like it much.<ref>{{HM|Bio}}, p. 165</ref>

Tolkien began (probably in the 1920s) writing a story entitled ''Tom Bombadil'' set during the reign of "King Bonhedig" in the British prehistory, far before any recorded events or invasions. The protagonist Tombombadil is mentioned as one of the oldest inhabitants of Bonhedig's kingdom, which spanned many miles on either side of the Thames. Only the 3 opening paragraphs survive of the shortly-abandoned, story, and the fragment ends at the description of Tombombadil who "wore a tall hat with a blue feather; his jacket was blue, and his boots were yellow".<ref>{{AB|Prose}}</ref>

Around the 1930s or earlier Tolkien wrote a poem about some Tom Bombadil rowing down a River, a poem which Tolkien later identified as his "germ of Tom Bombadil".<ref>{{RS|1VT}}</ref> Later in [[1934]] he put him into [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (poem)|a poem]], again described according to the appearance of the aforementioned doll (something that he did with other toys of his children, like [[Rover]]).<ref name="intro">{{AB|Intro}}</ref> At one time he described him as a "spirit of the (vanishing) [[Oxford]] and Berkshire countryside"<ref name="L19">{{L|19}}</ref>

When asked to make a sequel for ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Tolkien briefly considered making that figure of his poem the central character.<ref name="L19" /> Although it didn't happen, he eventually [[The Old Forest|appeared]] in the narrative as a supporting character. Tolkien wrote Bombadil as a direct contrast to the artistry and (sub)creative force of the [[Elves]]; whereas they seek to create, devise, alter and control, Bombadil only observes and contemplates the world outside him and takes joy in it. He is the fearless theoretical study of the world, and history.<ref name="coghill">[[Letter to Nevill Coghill]] (Excerpt reproduced [http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2014/12/30/tom-bombadil-addenda-corrigenda/ here])</ref>

Justin Noetzel in his paper "Beorn and Tom Bombadil: Mythology, Narrative, and The Most (Non) Essential Characters in Middle-earth", suggests an association of Tom Bombadil with the [[Wikipedia:Celtic Otherworld|Celtic Otherworld]] and tales of the [[Wikipedia:Tuatha Dé Danann|Tuatha Dé Danann]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]]|articleurl=http://sacnoths.blogspot.se/2013/03/valparaiso-day-three.html|articlename=Valparaiso, Day Three|dated=12 March 2013|website=Sac|accessed=14 March 2013}}</ref>

David Elton Gay compares Tom to the demigod [[Wikipedia:Väinämöinen|Väinämöinen]] from the ''[[Kalevala]]'': both are extremely old and powerful immortal figures who express their power in rhymes, and both have control over their small forested country.<ref>Gay, David Elton (2004). Chance, Jane (ed.). ''J.R.R. Tolkien and the Kalevala. Tolkien and the invention of myth : a reader''. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 295–304.</ref>

==Outside the legendarium==
In addition to the aforementioned earlier works written independently to the [[Legendarium]], a figure that hints at Bombadil appears in the much later poem ''[[Once upon a Time]]''. Tolkien wrote it around [[1964]] and reused the names of "Tom" and "Goldberry" (although the epithet "Bombadil" is not mentioned, the association can be made as he appears with Goldberry). Hammond & Scull note that in this poem Tom appears less omnipotent; while he is known to talk to all creatures, who always obey him, the mysterious ''[[lintips]]'' are the only ones who refuse to talk to him and hide away.<ref>{{AB|Once}}, p. 283</ref> No specific events are mentioned that can connect it to Tom Bombadil or the legendarium of Arda.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Because he is left out of the three major adaptations ([[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|Ralph Bakshi]], [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC's 1981 series]] and [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|Peter Jackson's]]), Tom Bombadil's main role (providing the [[Daggers of Westernesse|Barrow-blades]]) is omitted. He does have several appearances in other adaptations, though.

===Tom Bombadil in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200" heights="150">
File:War in Middle Earth - Tom Bombadil.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
File:Hobitit - Tom Bombadillo.png|Esko Hukkanen in ''[[Hobitit]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Tom Bombadil, The Master.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Tom Bombadil.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:BFME2 - Tom Bombadil 03.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Tom Bombadil.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Tom Bombadil in Rings of Power.jpeg|[[Rory Michael Kinnear]] as Tom Bombadil in [[Rhûn]] within [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]
</gallery>
'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:[[Norman Shelley]] voiced Bombadil, and Tolkien thought his portrayal "dreadful". [[Goldberry]] was portrayed as his daughter, rather than his wife.<ref>{{L|175}}</ref>

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:In this series, Tom was voiced by [[Bernard Mayes]]. Like Norman Shelley before him, he also voiced [[Gandalf]].

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil can be found outside his house in the Old Forest.

'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil rescues the party from the Willow Man, and provides information, supplies, shelter, and side-quests for the party. He later rescues the party from the Barrow Wights, and very briefly joins as a temporary playable character while inside the barrow. His role runs almost directly parallel to the original, with some related passages of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' quoted directly. However, [[Goldberry]]'s role is significantly changed to provide a quest for the party.

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Tom Bombadil is played by Peter Ehrlich.

'''1992: [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|''Tales from the Perilous Realm'' (1992 radio series)]]:'''
:When he adapted the 1981 [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|radio series]], [[Brian Sibley]] deeply regretted cutting Bombadil from the radio series.<ref>[[Brian Sibley]], ''[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/2008/01/this-page-is-still-under-construction_23.html The Ring Goes Ever On]''</ref> When he made ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' into a radio series, he decided to change the section "[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]". Rather than several (unadaptable) Hobbitish poems, Sibley adapted the chapters from ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. Bombadil is voiced by [[Ian Hogg]].

'''1993: ''[[Hobitit]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil is portrayed by Esko Hukkanen. It is the only screen adaptation that featured him before 2024.

'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:Although Tom Bombadil does not appear in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card for the character. He was portrayed by Harry Weller-Chew.

'''2001–present: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''
:Despite not appearing in the films the game is based on, Tom Bombadil and Goldberry were given several models by [[Games Workshop]], which has held rights for tabletop games since 1980.

'''2001: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Tom Bombadil is provided by Milan Lasica. He appears in the final third of the first episode, helping the four hobbits with Old Man Willow, guiding them to his house and taking them in as his guests for the night, along with his wife Goldberry. After they depart and get lost on the Barrow Downs, he once again aids in their rescue, and provides them with barrow-blades from the barrow of the defeated barrow-wight.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:[[Daran Norris]] portrayed Bombadil with a Scottish accent. His role is much like that in the book, and as one of the few characters in this video game, he keeps most of his songs.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:In the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|extended edition]], some of Bombadil's poems are transferred to [[Treebeard]], and so is his encounter with [[Old Man Willow]].

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Bombadil is a summonable power. Once summoned, he can plow through enemy lines. His most powerful weapon is a "Sonic Song". As soon as [[Electronic Arts|EA]] secured the rights to the books, it was decided that Tom Bombadil should be in it; his appearance is kept close to his description in the book.<ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/battleformiddleearth2/news.html?sid=6139678 The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth II Q&A - Enter Tom Bombadil], [http://www.gamespot.com/ GameSpot.com]</ref>

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Tom can be found either inside or outside his house in the Old Forest. He helps the player track down crebain scouts possessing important information, and later arrives to rescue the player from the Barrow-Downs when (s)he gets himself in more than (s)he is prepared for, much like the Hobbits in the Book. He later aids the player against agents of the Barrow-downs when the latter attempts to corrupt Old Man Willow with a [[Morgul-blade]].

'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Bombadil is a playable character. He uses a trowel as a weapon and for digging in certain spots. Tom can be found in his house on the road to the north of [[Bucklebury Ferry]] in the forested area between [[Bree]] and the Shire. It is unclear if this forest is meant to be the Old Forest or not; it is in the right location, but the game never specifically names it and its physical appearance does not fit the book's description.

'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Bombadil also appears as a playable character, and again wields a trowel. This time, Tom is found in a forest southwest of Bree, near a house atop a hill (likely his house in the Old Forest).

'''2024: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil will be portrayed by [[Rory Michael Kinnear]], whose headwear and outfit was made by costume designer Luca Mosca to look similar to J.R.R. Tolkien's description of Tom Bombadil. The production designer of the show, [[Kristian Milstead]], incorporated a star map on the ceiling of Tom's cottage to imply that Bombadil "has been watching the constellations for signs—and for the Stranger’s arrival", thereby connecting Tom to the larger story. The showrunners mention that they have given him a second home besides [[Underhill (house)|Underhill]] which he uses as a "summer cottage" on the outskirts of the once "green and beautiful" [[Rhûn]] "which...now is...a dead wasteland". At the time of the show, Bombadil "has gone out to...Rhûn...to see what's happened" to the region in order to prevent the desolation from spreading westwards.<ref>{{webcite|author=Anthony Breznican|articleurl=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/tom-bombadil-the-rings-of-power-first-look|articlename=Tom Bombadil Finally Steps Forth in ''The Rings of Power'' - An Exclusive First Look|dated=29 May 2024|website=[https://www.vanityfair.com Vanity Fair]|accessed=29 May 2024}}</ref>

===Collectibles===
In [[April]] [[2008]], [[Gentle Giant]] released the Tom Bombadil Mini Bust.

==See also==
*'''[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|The Nature of Tom Bombadil]]'''

==External links==
*[http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tombombadil.html Entry in the Encyclopedia of Arda] (a concise overview of the discussion)
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/08/27/count-count-weigh-divide/ Count, Count, Weigh, Divide] by [[Michael Martinez]] (discusses Tom Bombadil's moral aspects at length)
*[http://www.whoistombombadil.blogspot.com/2013/01/tom-bombadil-as-music-of-ainur_9.html Tom as the Music of the Ainur] discusses the major theories of Tom's origins and proposes a new theory.
*[http://www.cas.unt.edu/~hargrove/tombomb.html Who Is Tom Bombadil?] (an essay by Gene Hargrove)

{{references|notes}}
{{ringbearers}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Forest-folk]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Spirits]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Tom Bombadil]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/tom bombadil]]
[[fi:Tom Bombadil]]

Tom Bombadil

2025-09-03T14:58:28Z

Angon: /* Other names */ Language(s) of the Vales of Anduin are also represented by Old English

Index:Fauna of Arda

2025-09-03T00:37:42Z

Angon: Added beavers

[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Dragonfly.png|thumb|A dragonfly from [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The Rings of Power]] TV series.]]
'''Fauna of Arda''' is a list of [[kelvar|animals]] in [[Arda]].

*''Note: Individual animals are not included.''

==Alphabetical list==

*'''[[Ants]]'''
*'''[[Apes]]'''
*'''[[Badgers]]'''
*'''[[Bats]]'''
*'''[[Bears]]'''
*'''[[Beavers]]'''
*'''[[Bees]]'''
*'''[[:Category:Birds|Birds]]''': [[Quenya]] ''[[aiwe]]''; [[Sindarin]]: ''[[aew]]''; [[Gnomish]] ''aigli'' ("bird" (especially larger)");<ref name=PE11/> ''bilin'' or ''bilinc'' ("a small bird, especially sparrow")<ref name=PE11>{{PE|11}}</ref>
*'''[[Boars]]'''
*'''[[Butterflies]]'''
*'''[[Camels]]'''
*'''[[Cats]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Conch|Conches]]: [[Quenya]] ''[[hyalma]]'' ("conch")
*'''[[Cows]]'''
*'''[[Crebain]]'''
*'''[[Crows]]'''
*'''[[Deer]]'''
**'''[[White deer]]'''
*'''[[Dogs]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Donkey|Donkeys/Asses]]<ref>{{H|4}}: "For goblins eat horses and ponies and donkeys (and other much more dreadful things), and they are always hungry."</ref><ref>:{{TT|IV1}}: "'No, no! Sam, you old ass!'"</ref>
*[[Wikipedia:Columbidae|Doves]]: [[Quenya]], [[Kornoldorin|Old Noldorin]] ''kukua'' ("dove")<ref name=LR/><ref name=VT45>{{VT|45a}}</ref>
*[[Wikipedia:Dragonfly|Dragonflies]]: [[Noldorin|Gnomish]] ''sithagong'' ("dragonfly") or ''sithaling'' ("([[Wikipedia:Snakefly|fly snake]]) dragonfly")<ref name=PE11>{{PE|11}}</ref>
*[[Wikipedia:Duck|Ducks]]<ref>Cf. the words of [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] to [[Farmer Maggot]]: "Where did you find them, Mr. Maggot? In your duck-pond?" ({{FR|Mushrooms}}).</ref>
*'''[[Dumbledors]]'''
*'''[[Eagles]]'''
*'''[[Elephants]]'''
*'''[[Finches]]'''
*'''[[Fish]]'''
*'''[[Flies]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Fowl|Fowl]]: ?[[Common Eldarin]] ''porok-, korok'' ("hen");<ref name=VT47/> [[Gnomish]] ''porog'' ("fowl (domestic)"); ''porogwil'' or ''uil'' ("hen")<ref name=PE11/>
*'''[[Foxes]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Frog|Frogs]]: [[Common Eldarin]] ''kăwāk''; [[Quenya]] ''quāke''<ref name=VT47/>
*'''[[Glowworms]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Goat|Goats]]: [[Qenya]] ''yat'', ''yak-'' ("goat")<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 19</ref>
*'''[[Gorcrows]]'''
*'''[[Gulls]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Hare|Hares]]: [[Qenya]] ''lapatte'' ("a hare"); [[Noldorin|Gnomish]] ''laboth'' ("a hare")<ref name=PE11/>
*'''[[Hawks]]'''
*'''[[Horses]]'''
*'''[[Hounds]]'''
*'''[[Hummerhorns]]'''
*'''[[Wikipedia:Insect|Insects]]''': [[Quenya]] ''pī'' ("small insect, fly")<ref name=VT47>{{VT|47a}}, pp. 35-6</ref>
*'''[[Kine of Araw]]'''
*'''[[Kingfishers]]'''
*'''[[Kirinki]]'''
*'''[[Larks]]'''
*'''[[Lions]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Louse|Lice]]: [[Gnomish]] ''gwef'' or ''gwevin'' ("louse")<ref name=PE11/>
*[[Wikipedia:Minnow|Minnows]]: [[Qenya]] ''nis'', ''niks-'' ("minnow, 'little fish'")<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 20</ref>
*'''[Lopoldi]'''
*'''[[Moles]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Mouse|Mice]]: [[Gnomish]] ''nig'' or ''nigla'' ("a mouse")<ref name=PE11/>
*'''[[Moths]]'''
*'''[[Narwhals]]'''
*'''[[Neekerbreekers]]'''
*'''[[Nightingales]]'''
*'''[[Oliphaunts]]'''
*'''[[Owls]]'''
*'''[[Pards]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Pig|Pigs]]: [[Gnomish]] ''hunc'' ("pig"); ''hugin'' ("young pig")<ref name=PE11/>; ''larma'' ("[?pig-]fat")<ref>{{VT|45a}}, p. 26</ref>; ''polka'' ("pig")<ref>{{PE|16}}, p. 132</ref>
*'''[[Rabbits]]'''
*'''[[Rats]]'''
*'''[[Ravens]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Erithacus|Robins]]: [[Gnomish]] ''crinthammos'' ("red breast, robin")<ref name=PE11/>
*'''[[Sealions]]'''
*'''[[Sea-serpents]]'''
*'''[[Serpents]]'''
*'''[[Sheep]]'''
*'''[[Snails]]'''
*'''[[Snakes]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Sparrow|Sparrows]]: [[Gnomish]] ''bilin'' or ''bilinc'' ("a small bird, especially sparrow")<ref name=PE11/>; [[Qenya]] ''filit'' ("sparrow, small bird"; pl. ''filiki'')<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 56</ref>
*'''[[Spiders]]'''
*'''[[Squirrels]]'''
*'''[[Starlings]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Swift|Swifts]]: [[Gnomish]] <del>''dwindi'', ''lindwil'', ''glindwil'' ("a swift (bird)")</del><ref name=PE11/>
*[[Wikipedia:Swallows|Swallows]]: [[Gnomish]] ''duil'', ''duiling'', ''duilinc'' ("swallow")</del><ref name=PE11/>
*'''[[Swans]]'''
*'''[[Thrushes]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Weevil|Weevils]]: [[Noldorin|Gnomish]] ''gwembel'' (or ''gweml'', ''gwemli'')<ref name=PE11/>
*'''[[Whales]]'''
*'''[[Wolves]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Woodpecker|Woodpeckers]]: [[Quenya]] ''tambaro'' ("woodpecker");<ref name=LR>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref> [[Noldorin]] ''tafr'' or ''tavor'' ("woodpecker")<ref name=LR/>
*'''[[Worms]]'''
*[[Wikipedia:Yellowhammer|Yellow hammer]]: [[Quenya]] ''ammale'', ''ambale''; [[Kornoldorin|Old Noldorin]] ''ammale'', ''ammalinde''; [[Noldorin]] ''em(m)elin'', ''emlin'' ("yellow bird, 'yellow hammer'")<ref name=LR/>
*[[Wikipedia:Zebra|Zebras]]: [[Gnomish]] ''raibrog'' ("zebra"; fem. ''raibros'')<ref name=PE11/>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Races|Category: Races]]
{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}
[[Category:Animals| ]]
[[Category:Index]]

Bifur

2025-09-03T00:33:24Z

Angon: Added a link to the page about Beavers

{{infobox character
| people=[[Dwarves|Dwarf]]
| name=Bifur
| image=Andy Smith - Bifur.jpg
| caption="Bifur" by [[:Category:Images by Andy Smith|Andy Smith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Thorin's Halls]] [[Lonely Mountain]]
| affiliation=[[Thorin and Company]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] and [[Westron]]
| birth=Between {{TA|2763}} and c. {{TA|2814|n}}[[Bifur#Family and birth|NB]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Large<ref>{{HH|7iv}} p. 900</ref>
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Yellow hood
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Bifur''' most likely lived in the [[Blue Mountains]] with [[Thorin]] after the loss of [[Thráin|Thráin II]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> Bifur was one of the thirteen [[Dwarves]] of [[Thorin and Company|Thorin's company]] who journeyed to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] to challenge the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]]. After the death of Smaug, Bifur lived at the Lonely Mountain.<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|II1}}</ref>

==History==
===Family and birth===
While Bifur was descended from the Dwarves of [[Moria]], he himself was not of [[Durin]]'s line.<ref name="Durin" /> He was a cousin<ref name="Inside">{{H|Inside}}</ref> of the brothers [[Bofur]] and [[Bombur]].<ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref>

Bifur was older than [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]] (b. {{TA|2864}}<ref name="Durin" />) at least "by some fifty years",<ref name="Hill">{{H|Hill}}</ref> but younger than [[Balin]] (b. {{TA|2763|n}}<ref name="Durin" />), since it was said that Balin was "the eldest left" after Thorin's capture.<ref>{{H|Barrels}}</ref>

Therefore, Bifur was born anytime between {{TA|2763|n}} and c. 2814, and he would have been between c. 127 and 178 years old when he joined King [[Thorin]]'s operation to reclaim [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].

===The Quest of Erebor===
In {{TA|2941}}, Bifur was one of the four Dwarves in the fifth group to arrive at [[Bag End]], wearing a yellow hood. He asked for raspberry jam and apple-tart. During the evening when Thorin called for music, Bifur (along with [[Bofur]]) played a clarinet.<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref>

In the wolves' glade Bifur shared a pine tree with Bofur, [[Bombur]], and Thorin.<ref>{{H|Pan}}</ref>

When [[Gandalf]] was telling the story of the company's adventures to [[Beorn]], Bifur, Bofur, and Bombur were the last of the Dwarves to show up.<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref>

After the barrel ride down the [[River Running]] both Bifur and Bofur came out fairly dry and not very knocked about, but they lay down and refused to do anything.<ref>{{H|Welcome}}</ref>

On the doorstep on the side of the Lonely Mountain, when Thorin commented that the next day was the beginning of the last week of autumn, Bifur pointedly added, "And winter comes after autumn".<ref>{{H|Doorstep}}</ref>

Bifur fought in and survived the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. He was given his share of the treasure by [[Dáin Ironfoot]], and made his home in Erebor.<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>

===Later life===
By {{TA|3018}} Bifur was living in Erebor, as [[Glóin]] told [[Frodo Baggins]] at [[Rivendell]].<ref name="Meetings" />

==Etymology==
The name of ''Bívurr'' originates in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. It is of Old Frisian origin, meaning "[[Beavers|Beaver]]" or, by extension, "Hard Worker".<ref>{{HM|IE}}, "Giving of Names", p. 223</ref><ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |}}
{{familytree| |:| | | | | | | |:| | | | |}}
{{familytree| |:| | | | | | | |:| | | | |}}
{{familytree| |:| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree| BIF | | | | BOF | | BOM | |BIF='''BIFUR''' ''fl. {{TA|2941}} - {{TA|3018|n}}''|BOF=[[Bofur]] ''fl. {{TA|2941}} - {{TA|3018|n}}''|BOM=[[Bombur]] ''fl. {{TA|2941}} - {{TA|3018|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In one of the earliest manuscript fragments of ''The Hobbit'', Bifur and Bofur went into the hall and came back with their walking sticks, which they ''turned into'' clarinets.<ref>{{HH|Bladorthin}}, p. 36</ref> In the published text the two Dwarves came back from the hall with clarinets that they ''had left'' with their walking sticks.<ref name="Party" /> [[John Rateliff]] (author of ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'') said that in the earliest phase Tolkien had added fairy tale touches of Dwarven magic to emphasize the uncanny, other-worldly nature of the Dwarves as opposed to Bilbo.<ref>{{HH|Bladorthin}}, (iii) ''Dwarven Magic'', p. 54</ref>

Originally, when Bombur needed propping up in [[Mirkwood]] after being cut from the spiders' webbing, it was ''his cousins'' Bifur and Bofur who provided support.<ref>{{HH|Mirkwood}}, p. 313</ref> In the published story this was changed to Bombur's cousin Bifur and brother Bofur.<ref name="Flies" /> Also, in the earlier version, when [[Smaug]] first came out and the Dwarves in the valley had to be hauled up to the [[Back Door]], Bifur cried out to save Bombur and Bofur, who were both his ''brothers''.<ref>{{HH|Conversations}}</ref> In the published text Bifur cried out for his two ''cousins''.<ref name="Inside" />

In Tolkien's unfinished [[1960]] rewrite of ''The Hobbit'', Bifur, Bofur and Bombur were Thorin's attendants.<ref>{{HH|5}}, "[[A Well-Planned Party]]", p. 774</ref> [[John D. Rateliff]] assumes this made them either courtiers or honor-guard.<ref>{{HH|5}}, "[[Arrival in Rivendell]]", note 32</ref>

==Notes==
In the earliest partial manuscript of ''The Hobbit'' more of the dialogue later assigned to a few of the Dwarves is more evenly distributed. In the opinion of [[John Rateliff]] (author of ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'') this streamlining strengthened the story through simplification, but at the cost of relegating some of the Dwarves to obscurity since they barely speak at all. Bifur is one of these "silenced" members of the company.<ref>{{HH|Pryftan}}, (i) ''The Lost Opening'', p. 14</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Bifur in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Bifur.png|Bifur in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
File:The Hobbit (film series) - Bifur.jpg|Bifur in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Bifur.jpg|Bifur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

===Films===
'''1967: [[The Hobbit (1967 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1967 film)]]:'''
:Bifur is omitted. [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]] only travels with an unnamed guard and the princess of Dale.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:No actor is specified for the role of Bifur. If he does speak, it is only ever in unison with the rest of the Dwarves.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Bifur is played by [[William Kircher]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> A description of Bifur in ''The Hobbit'' films was released by the studio:

:{{Blockquote|Born in the West, Bifur has the rusting remains of an Orc axe embedded in his forehead, which has rendered him inarticulate and occasionally feisty! He communicates only with grunts and hand gestures. Unlike most of the others in The Company of Dwarves, Bifur is not related to Thorin, nor is he of noble lineage, but rather is descended from miners and smithies – simple folk with simple tastes.|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref name="HobbitApp">{{webcite|author=[[Warner Bros.]]|articleurl=http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hobbit-movies/id545808528|articlename=Hobbit Movies|dated=7-September-2012|website=[http://itunes.apple.com/ Apple iPhone/iPad App]|accessed=19-September-2012}}</ref>}}
:Due to the [[Orcs|Orc]] axe stuck in his head, Bifur can only speak [[Khuzdul]] through most of the film series. In the [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (extended edition)|extended edition]] of ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'', he loses the axe during the [[Battle of Five Armies|battle]]. After head-butting an Orc, the axe becomes stuck in his opponent's head; after the two are separated with help from [[Bofur]] and [[Bombur]], he declines Bombur's offer to put it back, and is able to speak [[Westron]] again.

===Radio series===
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:Bifur is played by [[Brian Haines]].

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:No actor is specified for the role of Bifur.

'''1989: [[Hobit (1989 Slovak radio series)|''Hobit'' (1989 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:Bifur is present, but no actor is specified for the role of Bifur.

===Games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:Bifur is omitted; Thorin is the only companion of the player, [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref>''[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ZX Computing]'', 8304 (April/May 1983), p. 76, accessed [[24 April|April 24]] [[2011]]</ref>
'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:No actor is credited for the role of Bifur.
'''2013: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:During and after the [[War of the Ring]] Bifur lives in [[Erebor]], holding the position of the Keeper of the Hammers. His son Bósi and grandson Bori play a major part in the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria|Mines of Moria]]'' expansion in which they lead an expedition to reclaim Khazad-dûm on the orders of King [[Dain Ironfoot]]. Along with his cousin [[Bofur]] he appears in the "The Fires of Smaug" instance, which takes place during the [[Battle of Dale|Siege of Erebor]]. After the battle Bifur and the other surviving dwarves of the Company join [[Dís]] in paying respect to tomb of [[Thorin Oakenshield]]. When [[Nori]] goes on an unauthorized expedition to the [[Grey Mountains]], his brother [[Dori]] recruits his old companions [[Bofur]] and [[Gloin]] to go after him, but Bifur declines, saying that his adventuring days are behind him.

{{references}}
{{Thorin and Company}}
{{companyroute}}
{{hobbitfilms}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[Category:Norse names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Bifur]]
[[fi:Bifur]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:bifur]]

Beavers

2025-09-03T00:32:22Z

Angon: Created a page about beavers

'''Beavers''' were large rodents, famous for their habit of building dams and lodges. They lived in [[Middle-earth]] as well as in the southern regions of the [[Elenna|island of Númenor]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Carl F. Hostetter]] (ed.), ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', "Part Three. The World, its Lands, and its Inhabitants: XIII. Of the Land and Beasts of Númenor"</ref> ''"Beaver the builder"'' was mentioned among other [[Kelvar|animals]] in the [[Long List of the Ents]].<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=LR 3.04.029}}</ref> The [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] name ''[[Bifur|Bífur]]'' meant "Beaver" or, by extension, "Hard Worker".<ref>[[Jim Allan]] ([[1978]]), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names", p. 223</ref><ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>
[[Category:Animals]]

Tom Bombadil

2025-09-02T23:44:30Z

Angon: /* Other names */ Added references to the Northern Mannish origins of the names Orald and Forn.

{{disambig-more|Tom|[[Tom (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|Unknown]]
| image=John Howe - Tom Bombadil.jpg
| caption="Tom Bombadil" by [[John Howe]]
| name=Tom Bombadil
| pronun=
| othernames=''Iarwain Ben-adar'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Orald'' ([[Old English]]) ''Forn'' ([[Old Norse]])
| titles=The [[Eldest]], [[Master]]
| position=
| location=[[Underhill (house)|Underhill]], [[Old Forest]]
| affiliation=[[Forest-folk]]<ref>{{AB|2}}</ref>
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=saving [[Frodo]], [[Sam]], [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]] from [[Old Man Willow]] and the [[Barrow-wights]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Goldberry]]
| children=
| race=[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|Unknown]]
| gender=Male
| height=Short
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Blue jacket and hat, boots
| weapons=Song
| steed=[[Fatty Lumpkin]]
}}
{{quote|Eldest, that's what I am... Tom remembers the first raindrop and the first acorn... he knew the dark under the stars when it was fearless – before the Dark Lord came from Outside.|Tom Bombadil in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[In the House of Tom Bombadil]]"}}

'''Tom Bombadil''' was an enigmatic figure who lived throughout the history of [[Arda]]. Living a short distance east of the [[Old Forest]], he seemed to possess unequaled power in the land around his dwelling. Although seemingly benevolent, he took no stance against the [[Dark Lord]]s.

==Appearance and traits==
{{quote|Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow; Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.|Tom Bombadil}}

Tom looked like an old man who was taller and heavier than a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], but not quite tall enough for a [[Men|man]].<ref name="OldF" />

His face was creased and red as a ripe apple with blue and bright eyes.<ref name="OldF" /> His hands were brown-skinned.<ref name="house" /> He had thick brown hair<ref name="house" /> and a long brown beard.<ref name="OldF" />

Tom wore a blue coat and an old tall hat with a long blue feather and yellow boots.<ref name="OldF" /> Earlier he wore a [[swans|swan]] feather, which he later replaced with a blue one from a [[kingfisher]].<ref>{{AB|2}}</ref>

He lived in a [[Underhill (house)|house]] just outside the eastern edge of the [[Old Forest]] by the river [[Withywindle]],<ref name="OldF" /> together with his lovely wife [[Goldberry]].<ref name="house" /> According to him<ref name="FR|Barrow">{{FR|Barrow}}</ref> and to [[Gandalf]] as well,<ref name="CoE" /> he would not leave his country. The only known location on the border of his country is where he makes that statement, on the south side of the [[East Road]], north of the [[Barrow-downs]] and about four miles northwest of [[Bree]]. His country must have included the Barrow-downs and the [[Old Forest]], and according to the poem "[[Bombadil Goes Boating]]," he visited villages in [[Buckland]] and [[Farmer Maggot]]'s farm in the [[Marish]], which would mean that his country included them as well.

The [[Bucklanders]] had little understanding of his powers and nature. They saw him as mysterious and unpredictable, but benevolent and comic, more or less as the [[Shire-folk]] thought of [[Gandalf]].<ref name="Adv" />

==History==
===Origins===
[[Image:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Tom Bombadil.jpg|thumb|left|''Tom Bombadil'' by [[Olanda Fong-Surdenas]]]]
{{quote|He is a strange creature.|[[Elrond]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}
The origins and [[Tom Bombadil/Nature|nature of Tom Bombadil]] are unknown. He claims to have existed when the [[Morgoth|Dark Lord]] came "from the Outside",<ref name="house">{{FR|Bombadil}}</ref>{{rp|131}} perhaps meaning he was alive at least as far back as the [[Spring of Arda]].<ref>{{RS|Tom}}, p. 122</ref> Bombadil calls himself the "Eldest", [[Glorfindel]] calls him the "First", and his Sindarin name ''Iarwain Ben-adar'' means "Oldest and fatherless."

His role and nature in the [[Elder Days]] and later is unknown. He was in Arda "before the river and the trees" and before the first rain. He "made paths" before the [[Great March]] of the [[Eldar]], and saw the [[Middle Men]] and their [[Barrow Downs|tombs]]. He witnessed the [[Changing of the World]], the reducing of the great forests that covered all [[Middle-earth]], the arrival of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] and of the [[Barrow-wights]].<ref name="house" /><ref name="CoE" />

The nature of his interactions with the outside world is unclear. He had contact with the [[Bucklanders]] throughout the [[Third Age]].<ref name="Adv" /> He was familiar with Frodo, his companions and their families when they visit him. He attributed most of this knowledge to [[Farmer Maggot]].<ref name="house" /> He had names among the Elves, Dwarves and Northern Men. [[Elrond]] knew of him when he ventured in his lands. However, most of the [[Council of Elrond]] were unfamiliar with him, and Elrond admitted to having forgotten about him from long ago.<ref name="CoE" /><ref name="Adv">{{AB|Preface}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Willow Man is Tamed.jpg|thumb|''The Willow Man is Tamed'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
On [[26 September]], {{TA|3018}}, he encountered [[travellers|four hobbits]] while he was searching for water-lilies for his wife. Two of those Hobbits, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], had been captured by [[Old Man Willow]]. Tom, who was the master of the Old Forest, rescued them, and took all four of them to his house.<ref name="OldF">{{FR|Forest}}</ref>

The four hobbits stayed two nights, and he told them many tales and songs. With cunning questions, he made [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] tell him of the [[The One Ring|Ring]]. When Tom tried it on, nothing happened, but he then took it off and flipped it in the air and made the ring itself disappear, showing that indeed within his realm Tom was master. However, when Frodo put the ring on, Tom could still see him. He bade the Hobbit to come back and sit down; his hand was fairer without the ring.

Before his guests went to sleep, Tom warned them of the [[Barrow-downs]], and advised them to pass any barrow on the western side. He also taught them a song, should they come to peril.<ref name="house" />{{rp|134}}

And they did come to peril. Tom chased off a [[Barrow-wights|wight]] with song, and broke the spells on the barrow in which the four hobbits were captured. While he sent the Hobbits to calm down, he went for provisions. He also brought the ponies that had belonged to Merry. After that, he broke the spells of the barrow. From the barrow's mighty hoard, he took a blue-jewelled brooch for Goldberry (probably belonging to the spouse of the [[last prince of Cardolan]] he seemingly met long ago),<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Fog on the Barrow-downs", pp. 146-7</ref><ref>{{RS|Wight}}, p. 127-8</ref> and gave a [[Daggers of Westernesse|dagger]] to each of the hobbits. He then advised them to make for ''[[The Prancing Pony]]'' in [[Bree]].<ref name="FR|Barrow" />

The peril of the hobbits was not over; an attack on their lives was carried out, and their ponies were set loose. The ponies apparently remembered the care they were given in the house of Tom Bombadil, and returned to stay beside Tom's own pony, [[Fatty Lumpkin]]. He returned them to [[Barliman Butterbur]], the proprietor of ''The Prancing Pony''. Since he had paid eighteen pence as compensation for the loss, he was now the owner of five fine ponies.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref>

As he was merry and benevolent, some of the [[Free Peoples]] considered him a potential ally against [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. [[Elrond]] and [[Erestor]] considered that he should be present at the [[Council of Elrond]]. However, according to [[Gandalf]], Tom Bombadil was perhaps not fully aware of the struggle of Light and Darkness and could not prove useful to their causes.<ref name="CoE" />

After the [[fall of Sauron]] at the end of the War, the [[Travelers]] returned to the Shire, but Gandalf left them and went to talk to Tom.<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref>{{rp|996}}

Eventually the defeat of Sauron the victory of the [[West]] allowed Tom to continue and "survive" in the [[later Ages]].<ref>{{L|144}}</ref>

===Legacy===
Tom Bombadil’s existence passed into Hobbit lore and was referenced in poems such as ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' and ''[[Bombadil Goes Boating]]''. The Hobbit, [[Samwise Gamgee]], based and modeled his protagonist in ''[[The Stone Troll]]'', [[Tom (The Stone Troll)|Tom]], after Bombadil, considering that Sam composed the poem soon after their meeting.<ref name="RF">{{HM|Guide}}, p. 385</ref> In the poem, Tom encounters an old [[Stone-trolls|troll]], gnawing for years on the shinbone of Tim, his [[Unusual words|nuncle]], and Tom demands for the troll to let it down.<ref>{{FR|I12}}</ref><ref>{{AB|7}}</ref> It is likely that Tim was only an invention by Sam rather than actually being Tom Bombadil's nuncle.<ref name="RF" />

==Other names==
He also went by other names:
*To the [[Elves]]<ref name="CoE">{{FR|Council}}, p. 265</ref> he was known with the [[Sindarin]] name<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry S ''pen-'', p. 34</ref> '''''[[iaur|Iar]][[gwain|wain]] [[penadar|Ben-adar]]''''',<ref name="CoE" /> which translates to "Oldest and Fatherless"<ref name="CoE" />. ''Iarwain'' literally means "Old-young", presumably because he had always appeared to be much the same: "old, but very vigorous"<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 128; quoting an unpublished letter from late 1968 by J.R.R. Tolkien from a private collection</ref>
*To the [[Northmen]]<ref name="CoE" /> he was known by the name '''''Orald''''',<ref name="CoE" /> which came from [[Rohanese]] or some closely related [[Northern Mannish]] language. This is an [[Old English]] word meaning "very ancient.<ref name="nomen">{{HM|N}}, entry '''Orald''', p. 761</ref>
*The Dwarves knew him as '''''Forn'''''.<ref name="CoE" /> This name, like most of the other Dwarven names, came from a different [[Northern Mannish]] language (possibly the [[language of Dale]]). It too is a reference to his age: it is [[North Germanic languages|Old Norse]] for "(belonging to) ancient (days)".<ref name="nomen" /><ref group="note">In some imprints of ''[[The History of Middle-earth Index]]'', this name was accidentally spelled with a "P" as the first letter: {{HM|IX}}, "Tom Bombadil (VII)", p. 435</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Bombadil'' is [[Bucklandish]] in form. It is probable that the [[Bucklanders|Hobbits from Buckland]] gave him this name.<ref name="Adv" />

[[Paula Marmor]] notes that ''bobadil'' is an archaic word meaning "braggart", as seen in the character "Captain Bobadill" in the English play ''[[Wikipedia:Every Man in His Humour|Every Man in His Humour]]''. Because of its Bucklandish form, ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'' lists the name ''Bombadil'' under the "[[Celtic]]-sounding names". However, it is said that the word derives from '''[[Wikipedia:Boabdil|Boabdil]]''', the Spaniard name of [[Wikipedia:Muhammad XII of Granada|'''Abu Abdillah''' Muhammad XII]], the last Moorish ruler of Granada.<ref>{{HM|IE}}, Giving of Names</ref>

==Inspiration==
Tom Bombadil was inspired primarily from a [[Wikipedia:Peg wooden doll|dutch doll]] Tolkien's child(ren) toyed with.<ref name="intro" /> The doll had a feathered hat. One time they found it in the lavatory, being stuffed there by little [[John Tolkien]], who perhaps didn't like it much.<ref>{{HM|Bio}}, p. 165</ref>

Tolkien began (probably in the 1920s) writing a story entitled ''Tom Bombadil'' set during the reign of "King Bonhedig" in the British prehistory, far before any recorded events or invasions. The protagonist Tombombadil is mentioned as one of the oldest inhabitants of Bonhedig's kingdom, which spanned many miles on either side of the Thames. Only the 3 opening paragraphs survive of the shortly-abandoned, story, and the fragment ends at the description of Tombombadil who "wore a tall hat with a blue feather; his jacket was blue, and his boots were yellow".<ref>{{AB|Prose}}</ref>

Around the 1930s or earlier Tolkien wrote a poem about some Tom Bombadil rowing down a River, a poem which Tolkien later identified as his "germ of Tom Bombadil".<ref>{{RS|1VT}}</ref> Later in [[1934]] he put him into [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (poem)|a poem]], again described according to the appearance of the aforementioned doll (something that he did with other toys of his children, like [[Rover]]).<ref name="intro">{{AB|Intro}}</ref> At one time he described him as a "spirit of the (vanishing) [[Oxford]] and Berkshire countryside"<ref name="L19">{{L|19}}</ref>

When asked to make a sequel for ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Tolkien briefly considered making that figure of his poem the central character.<ref name="L19" /> Although it didn't happen, he eventually [[The Old Forest|appeared]] in the narrative as a supporting character. Tolkien wrote Bombadil as a direct contrast to the artistry and (sub)creative force of the [[Elves]]; whereas they seek to create, devise, alter and control, Bombadil only observes and contemplates the world outside him and takes joy in it. He is the fearless theoretical study of the world, and history.<ref name="coghill">[[Letter to Nevill Coghill]] (Excerpt reproduced [http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2014/12/30/tom-bombadil-addenda-corrigenda/ here])</ref>

Justin Noetzel in his paper "Beorn and Tom Bombadil: Mythology, Narrative, and The Most (Non) Essential Characters in Middle-earth", suggests an association of Tom Bombadil with the [[Wikipedia:Celtic Otherworld|Celtic Otherworld]] and tales of the [[Wikipedia:Tuatha Dé Danann|Tuatha Dé Danann]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]]|articleurl=http://sacnoths.blogspot.se/2013/03/valparaiso-day-three.html|articlename=Valparaiso, Day Three|dated=12 March 2013|website=Sac|accessed=14 March 2013}}</ref>

David Elton Gay compares Tom to the demigod [[Wikipedia:Väinämöinen|Väinämöinen]] from the ''[[Kalevala]]'': both are extremely old and powerful immortal figures who express their power in rhymes, and both have control over their small forested country.<ref>Gay, David Elton (2004). Chance, Jane (ed.). ''J.R.R. Tolkien and the Kalevala. Tolkien and the invention of myth : a reader''. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 295–304.</ref>

==Outside the legendarium==
In addition to the aforementioned earlier works written independently to the [[Legendarium]], a figure that hints at Bombadil appears in the much later poem ''[[Once upon a Time]]''. Tolkien wrote it around [[1964]] and reused the names of "Tom" and "Goldberry" (although the epithet "Bombadil" is not mentioned, the association can be made as he appears with Goldberry). Hammond & Scull note that in this poem Tom appears less omnipotent; while he is known to talk to all creatures, who always obey him, the mysterious ''[[lintips]]'' are the only ones who refuse to talk to him and hide away.<ref>{{AB|Once}}, p. 283</ref> No specific events are mentioned that can connect it to Tom Bombadil or the legendarium of Arda.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Because he is left out of the three major adaptations ([[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|Ralph Bakshi]], [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC's 1981 series]] and [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|Peter Jackson's]]), Tom Bombadil's main role (providing the [[Daggers of Westernesse|Barrow-blades]]) is omitted. He does have several appearances in other adaptations, though.

===Tom Bombadil in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200" heights="150">
File:War in Middle Earth - Tom Bombadil.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
File:Hobitit - Tom Bombadillo.png|Esko Hukkanen in ''[[Hobitit]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Tom Bombadil, The Master.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Tom Bombadil.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:BFME2 - Tom Bombadil 03.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Tom Bombadil.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Tom Bombadil in Rings of Power.jpeg|[[Rory Michael Kinnear]] as Tom Bombadil in [[Rhûn]] within [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]
</gallery>
'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:[[Norman Shelley]] voiced Bombadil, and Tolkien thought his portrayal "dreadful". [[Goldberry]] was portrayed as his daughter, rather than his wife.<ref>{{L|175}}</ref>

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:In this series, Tom was voiced by [[Bernard Mayes]]. Like Norman Shelley before him, he also voiced [[Gandalf]].

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil can be found outside his house in the Old Forest.

'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil rescues the party from the Willow Man, and provides information, supplies, shelter, and side-quests for the party. He later rescues the party from the Barrow Wights, and very briefly joins as a temporary playable character while inside the barrow. His role runs almost directly parallel to the original, with some related passages of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' quoted directly. However, [[Goldberry]]'s role is significantly changed to provide a quest for the party.

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Tom Bombadil is played by Peter Ehrlich.

'''1992: [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|''Tales from the Perilous Realm'' (1992 radio series)]]:'''
:When he adapted the 1981 [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|radio series]], [[Brian Sibley]] deeply regretted cutting Bombadil from the radio series.<ref>[[Brian Sibley]], ''[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/2008/01/this-page-is-still-under-construction_23.html The Ring Goes Ever On]''</ref> When he made ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' into a radio series, he decided to change the section "[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]". Rather than several (unadaptable) Hobbitish poems, Sibley adapted the chapters from ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. Bombadil is voiced by [[Ian Hogg]].

'''1993: ''[[Hobitit]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil is portrayed by Esko Hukkanen. It is the only screen adaptation that featured him before 2024.

'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:Although Tom Bombadil does not appear in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card for the character. He was portrayed by Harry Weller-Chew.

'''2001–present: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''
:Despite not appearing in the films the game is based on, Tom Bombadil and Goldberry were given several models by [[Games Workshop]], which has held rights for tabletop games since 1980.

'''2001: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Tom Bombadil is provided by Milan Lasica. He appears in the final third of the first episode, helping the four hobbits with Old Man Willow, guiding them to his house and taking them in as his guests for the night, along with his wife Goldberry. After they depart and get lost on the Barrow Downs, he once again aids in their rescue, and provides them with barrow-blades from the barrow of the defeated barrow-wight.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:[[Daran Norris]] portrayed Bombadil with a Scottish accent. His role is much like that in the book, and as one of the few characters in this video game, he keeps most of his songs.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:In the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|extended edition]], some of Bombadil's poems are transferred to [[Treebeard]], and so is his encounter with [[Old Man Willow]].

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Bombadil is a summonable power. Once summoned, he can plow through enemy lines. His most powerful weapon is a "Sonic Song". As soon as [[Electronic Arts|EA]] secured the rights to the books, it was decided that Tom Bombadil should be in it; his appearance is kept close to his description in the book.<ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/battleformiddleearth2/news.html?sid=6139678 The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth II Q&A - Enter Tom Bombadil], [http://www.gamespot.com/ GameSpot.com]</ref>

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Tom can be found either inside or outside his house in the Old Forest. He helps the player track down crebain scouts possessing important information, and later arrives to rescue the player from the Barrow-Downs when (s)he gets himself in more than (s)he is prepared for, much like the Hobbits in the Book. He later aids the player against agents of the Barrow-downs when the latter attempts to corrupt Old Man Willow with a [[Morgul-blade]].

'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Bombadil is a playable character. He uses a trowel as a weapon and for digging in certain spots. Tom can be found in his house on the road to the north of [[Bucklebury Ferry]] in the forested area between [[Bree]] and the Shire. It is unclear if this forest is meant to be the Old Forest or not; it is in the right location, but the game never specifically names it and its physical appearance does not fit the book's description.

'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Bombadil also appears as a playable character, and again wields a trowel. This time, Tom is found in a forest southwest of Bree, near a house atop a hill (likely his house in the Old Forest).

'''2024: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil will be portrayed by [[Rory Michael Kinnear]], whose headwear and outfit was made by costume designer Luca Mosca to look similar to J.R.R. Tolkien's description of Tom Bombadil. The production designer of the show, [[Kristian Milstead]], incorporated a star map on the ceiling of Tom's cottage to imply that Bombadil "has been watching the constellations for signs—and for the Stranger’s arrival", thereby connecting Tom to the larger story. The showrunners mention that they have given him a second home besides [[Underhill (house)|Underhill]] which he uses as a "summer cottage" on the outskirts of the once "green and beautiful" [[Rhûn]] "which...now is...a dead wasteland". At the time of the show, Bombadil "has gone out to...Rhûn...to see what's happened" to the region in order to prevent the desolation from spreading westwards.<ref>{{webcite|author=Anthony Breznican|articleurl=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/tom-bombadil-the-rings-of-power-first-look|articlename=Tom Bombadil Finally Steps Forth in ''The Rings of Power'' - An Exclusive First Look|dated=29 May 2024|website=[https://www.vanityfair.com Vanity Fair]|accessed=29 May 2024}}</ref>

===Collectibles===
In [[April]] [[2008]], [[Gentle Giant]] released the Tom Bombadil Mini Bust.

==See also==
*'''[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|The Nature of Tom Bombadil]]'''

==External links==
*[http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tombombadil.html Entry in the Encyclopedia of Arda] (a concise overview of the discussion)
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/08/27/count-count-weigh-divide/ Count, Count, Weigh, Divide] by [[Michael Martinez]] (discusses Tom Bombadil's moral aspects at length)
*[http://www.whoistombombadil.blogspot.com/2013/01/tom-bombadil-as-music-of-ainur_9.html Tom as the Music of the Ainur] discusses the major theories of Tom's origins and proposes a new theory.
*[http://www.cas.unt.edu/~hargrove/tombomb.html Who Is Tom Bombadil?] (an essay by Gene Hargrove)

{{references|notes}}
{{ringbearers}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Forest-folk]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Spirits]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Tom Bombadil]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/tom bombadil]]
[[fi:Tom Bombadil]]

Bob

2025-09-01T13:50:40Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{disambig-more|Bob|[[Bob (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Bree-landers|Bree-lander]]
| name=Bob
| image=The Lord of the Rings Online - Bob.jpg
| caption=Bob in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Ostler
| location=[[Bree]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=Early [[Fourth Age]]
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Bob''' was a [[Bree-landers|Bree-lander]] (either a [[Men of Bree|Man]] or a [[Bree-hobbits|Hobbit]]) who worked in [[The Prancing Pony]].

==History==
Bob worked alongside [[Nob]] for [[Barliman Butterbur]], primarily as an ostler in [[The Prancing Pony]] at the end of the [[Third Age]].<ref>{{FR|Sign}}</ref> Bob was the one who located the last [[Bill the Pony|pony]] left in Bree when all others has bolted following the [[Nazgûl]]'s attack. Later when Merry's [[ponies]] found their way back to Bree (thanks to [[Tom Bombadil]]) it was Bob who cared for them; he put them to work but treated them well.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref>

After the [[Ruffians]] entered Bree, Bob stopped working evenings, so that he could be home before nightfall.<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Bob.png|thumb|left|Bob from [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]]]
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Bob is attacked by two ruffians and a hunting dog at the stables of the Prancing Pony. [[Aragorn]] saves him.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]:'''''
:Bob has gone to a camp near the Barrow-downs looking for his daughter Lalia, leaving the Pony's stables to be tended by others for the time that the hero visits Bree.

{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Hinz]]
[[fi:Bob]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:bob]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

Bob

2025-09-01T13:49:41Z

Angon: I think that the term "Bree-lander" is more suitable in this case.

Lake-men

2025-08-30T23:37:01Z

Angon: Language of Dale was not an ancient form of Westron

{{people infobox
| name=Lake-men
| image =Turner Mohan - Lake-Town Merchants.jpg
| caption="Lake-Town Merchants" by Turner Mohan
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=[[Northmen]] and [[Men of Dale]]
| location=[[Lake-town]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Language of Dale]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Bard]], [[Master of Lake-town]]
| lifespan=shorter than Númenórean
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Lake-men''' or '''Men of the Long Lake''' were the people of [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] upon the [[Long Lake]], south of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].

==History==
They were [[Northmen]] and their ancestors were related to the [[Edain]].<ref name="guide" /> They traded with Erebor and [[Dale]], and with the [[Woodland Realm]] of [[Mirkwood]]. Their life was affected with the arrival of the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]] who destroyed both Erebor and Dale. It is possible that some of the [[Men of Dale]] who survived came to Esgaroth, because [[Bard]], who lived in Esgaroth, was a descendant of [[Girion]], the last lord of [[Dale]], whose wife and child fled down the [[River Running]].<ref name="Fire" /> However as the years passed, Smaug was forgotten and children even doubted about his existence or the tales of older men who sometimes had seen him flying.<ref name="warm">{{H|10}}</ref>

In the autumn of {{TA|2941}} the Lake-men welcomed warmly [[Thorin and Company]] who came to the town to speak to the Master. They saw the [[King under the Mountain]] returning. The Dwarves and Bilbo were hosted, rested and pampered before being sent with boats to the ruins of Dale to confront the dragon.<ref name="warm" />
[[File:John Howe - Alert the Folk.jpg|thumb|left|[[John Howe]] - ''Alert the Folk'']]
Some days later, Smaug came against Esgaroth believing that the Lake-men were behind a scheme against him, and attacked to show that he is the true [[King under the Mountain]]. Smaug was killed by [[Bard]] the Bowman, but the dragon fell on the town, destroying it. Having heard of the disaster, some [[Elves of Mirkwood]] came to offer any help that could be provided. The Lake-men were united under Bard, and, some days later, a united host of Men and Elves set forth towards [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], believing that the Dwarves had been among the first casualties of Smaug's wrath. To their surprise they found [[Thorin and Company]] quite alive, having fortified the Mountain, and themselves treated as foes.<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref> Bard, claimed one twelfth of the treasure, one of the reasons being that the men of Esgaroth had helped the Dwarves on their journey and now their homes were burned and their stocks being destroyed by Smaug, whose anger was risen by the Dwarves. Therefore they demanded compensation and Bard intended to pay it from the part of the treasure he claimed.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref>
[[File:Joona Kujanen - Battle of Five Armies - Men of Esgaroth.jpg|thumb|left|'''Battle of Five Armies: Men of Esgaroth''' by Joona Kujanen.]]
Thorin however were unwilling to cooperate, especially having the Elves camping below Erebor. He summoned reinforcements from the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]] under [[Dáin Ironfoot]]. The battle seemed inevitable, but [[Gandalf]] intervened, to warn them that [[Orcs]] and [[Wargs]], their common foes, are also coming for Smaug's treasure. Then the [[Battle of Five Armies]] begun, and 200 or so Lake-men fought alongside the Dwarves. They were overwhelmed by the superior numbers of Orc warriors, but they were supported by [[Beorn]] and the [[Eagles]].<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref>

After defeating the Orcs and Wargs, the victors divided the treasure. Bard took [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s fourteenth share of the gold and silver in return for the [[Arkenstone]], whereupon he shared his reward with the [[Master of Lake-town]].<ref name="Return">{{H|Return}}</ref>

Eventually Esgaroth and Dale were rebuilt. Some of the Lake-men were relocated to the newly founded kingdom of [[Dale]] and near the Lake during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Henning Janssen - Master above the Lake.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Master above the Lake'']]
The town's prosperity was built on trade between the [[Men]], [[Elves of Mirkwood]] and [[Dwarves]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]. It supplied food and drink to the Elves and the products of Erebor and [[Dale]] were funneled through it.<ref name="guide">{{HM|Guide}}, pp. 131-2</ref>

The [[Master of Lake-town|Master]] of Lake-town was the elected civic leader who under normal circumstances was chosen from among the old and wise.<ref name="warm" />

As a trading people, the Lake-men knew the Common Speech, [[Westron]]. However, amongst themselves they spoke the [[language of Dale]], loosely related to but distinct from [[Rohanese]] (and other [[Northern Mannish|languages of the Northmen]]).

==See also==
*[[Men of Dale]]
*[[Bardings]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Lake-men| ]]
[[Category:Northmen]]

Northmen

2025-08-30T23:33:07Z

Angon: The language of Dale and Rohanese were Northern Mannish languages, while Westron wasn't.

{{people infobox
| name=Northmen
| image = Angelo Montanini - Men of Northern Rhovanion.jpg
| caption="Men of Northern Rhovanion" by Angelo Montanini
| pronun=
| othernames=Men of the North (sometimes called the ''Free Men of the North''), Northmen of Rhovanion
| origin=Descended from the [[Edain]] or from their close kin
| location=Throughout [[Rhovanion]]; a [[Rohirrim|population]] removed to [[Rohan]] in the south
| affiliation=[[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[Oath of Eorl]]
| rivalry=[[Easterlings]], [[Orcs]]
| language=[[Northern Mannish|Northern Mannish languages]] (such as the [[language of Dale]], and [[Rohanese]]), and [[Westron]]
| members=[[Marhwini]], [[Fram]], [[Beorn]], [[Grimbeorn]], [[Girion]], [[Bard]], [[Brand]], [[Master of Lake-town]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=Tall
| hair=Golden
| skin=Fair
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Northmen''' were [[Men]] that lived in the north of [[Rhovanion]]<ref name="SecondParagraph">{{UT|Northmen}}, second paragraph, p. 288</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for Regent Minalcar, p. 1045</ref><ref>{{App|Durin}}, sixth paragraph, p. 1072</ref> or groups of them that had migrated to [[Rohan]]<ref>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 839</ref> or [[Gondor]]<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entries for King Rómendacil II, King Valacar and King Eldacar, p. 1046</ref>.

Counted as [[Middle Men]], they were, after the [[Dúnedain]], the most noble Men on [[Arda]]. They were believed to have been descended from the same group of Men as the [[Edain]], the [[Atanatári]], with the only difference being that they did not cross the [[Ered Luin]] into [[Beleriand]]. Therefore, the Northmen did not go to [[Númenor]] and, as a result of them not participating in the [[Battles of Beleriand|War]] against [[Morgoth]], their lifespan was considerably shorter than that of the Dúnedain, whose lifespan was enhanced by the [[Valar]] after the [[War of Wrath]].

The Northmen were a confederation of powerful peoples, who were numerous and dwelt in the plains of Rhovanion, namely between [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] and [[Celduin]]. Their homes were in the eaves of the Great Forest, having deforested the region of the [[East Bight]].<ref name="SecondParagraph" /> The [[Men of Dale]] and [[Lake-town]] were also counted under the Northmen, as were the [[Woodmen]] of [[Mirkwood]]. Most of Rhovanion had been depopulated after the wars of the [[Easterlings]] and the [[Great Plague]].

==Origins==
{{seealso|Middle Men}}
The Northmen descended from the group of the [[Edain]] who left their kin to reach the West, being always at war with the [[Men of Darkness]].<ref name="DM">{{PM|X}}</ref> The "Bëorians" were on the vanguard and the "Hadorians" followed on their trail, but the latter were divided while passing through [[Greenwood]]. [[Men of the Vales of Anduin|Some]] Hadorians reached the [[Vales of Anduin]] and turned northwards, while others passed between the northernmost eaves of the Wood and the [[Ered Mithrin]]. Only a few of them reached [[Eriador]] and [[Beleriand]].<ref name="relations" /> As such, the Northmen appear to be akin to the [[House of Hador]] who stayed behind in [[Rhovanion]].<ref name="relations" /><ref>{{UT|8e}}, note 4</ref>

==History==
===First Age===
During these migrations, many [[Men]] wandered or settled the empty lands between the [[Iron Hills]], the [[Greenwood]], and the [[Inland Sea]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> Those Men of [[Rhovanion]] settled near the lands of the [[Longbeards]]. The Men looked at the [[Dwarves]] with awe (although it is said that they had met evil ones in the east)<ref name="PM|XNotes">{{PM|XNotes}}, note 28</ref> and were eager to learn from them.

By the end of the [[First Age]], the Men who settled between the [[Grey Mountains]] and Greenwood were numerous (compared to the Dwarves) but scattered across villages.

===Second Age===
After the [[War of Wrath]], former [[Orcs]] of [[Morgoth]], now leaderless and reckless, but still numerous, armed, and cruel, turned to the East and started harassing the lands. Those Men who settled in small towns could defend themselves only with [[bows]], fences, and dikes. In the battles that followed, Dwarves and Men were threatened. The Dwarves, outnumbered, were glad to make an alliance with Men. Men chiefly provided food in exchange for Dwarven work in building, road-construction, mining, and the crafting of tools and weapons.<ref name="PM|XNotes" /> At first, this system benefited the Dwarves, as the services they provided to Men required less effort than those offered in exchange. However, Men eventually became wiser and developed skills of their own.<ref name="relations">{{PM|Relations}}</ref>

With better weapons, protection, and riding skills of their own, Men could watch and defend the plains and vales where no Orc could then venture without danger. Thus, the [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]] was formed, resulting in mutual respect and also warm friendship.<ref name="relations" /> During this period, the Longbeards adopted the [[Northern Mannish|speech]] of Men, keeping [[Khuzdul|their own language]] to themselves.<ref name="relations" /><ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

The Alliance ended in the [[Dark Years]] when [[Sauron]] sent Orcs to invade the peoples and the Dwarves closed themselves in their mansions. The Northmen also had a war with the savage tribes of [[Easterlings]] which scattered them and diminished their numbers. Those who remained there were impoverished, living in caves or in the borders of [[Greenwood]].<ref name="relations" /> [[Rhovanion]] fell under the dominion of [[Sauron]] before being liberated by [[Gil-galad]].

===Third Age===
The [[Kings of Gondor]] recognised their common ancestry with the Men of Rhovanion and showed them great favour. For a time, many of them even became subjects of Gondor, as the realm extended beyond the river [[Anduin]]. In c {{TA|1000}}, they were given wide lands south of [[Greenwood the Great]] to serve as a buffer against the [[Easterlings]].<ref name="Foster">{{HM|Guide}}, p. 293-4</ref> They increased greatly during [[Gondor]]'s golden age,<ref name="gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref> and east of Greenwood the Great was the "kingdom of Rhovanion".
[[File:Liz Danforth - Vidugavia.jpg|thumb|left|''Vidugavia'' by [[Liz Danforth]]]]
However, some Northmen were hostile to [[Gondor]] and often assailed the kingdom,<ref name="gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref>{{TT|IV5}}</ref> Some joined the Easterlings, who resumed their attacks, either because of feuds or because of greed for spoil, as [[Regent of Gondor|Regent]] [[Minalcar]] found out. In the thirteenth century of the [[Third Age]], Minalcar ensured their loyalty by crushing the Easterlings in {{TA|1248}} with the help of Prince [[Vidugavia]], the so-called "King of Rhovanion". Minalcar then took many Northmen as officers in the army of Gondor (although the high men of Gondor looked askance at them),<ref name="Foster" /><ref name="gondor" /> and sent his son [[Valacar]] as an ambassador to Vidugavia. Valacar married the daughter of Vidugavia, [[Vidumavi]], and their son, ''[[Vinitharya]]'' (in his mother tongue) succeeded him as King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]]. His mixed ancestry caused a civil war in Gondor, the [[Kin-strife]], in {{TA|1447}}.

The Northmen's existence was a bulwark of [[Gondor]], keeping its northern and eastern frontiers from invasion. They were weakened by the [[Great Plague]], which appeared in the winter of {{TA|1635}} and soon spread to Gondor. The Horsemen suffered because the Plague came with a cold winter and they had only low wooden houses and thronged stables, and because they possessed little skill in the arts of healing and medicine. The Plague resulted in the deaths of half of Rhovanion, and of their horses also. They were slow to recover, but they were undisturbed, since the hostile Easterlings had been equally afflicted.<ref>{{UT|Northmen}}, third and fourth paragraph</ref>

When the invasions of the [[Wainriders]] began against Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. Their scattered remains were recruited by King [[Narmacil II]] who took a great army north into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]]. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] ({{TA|1856}}) where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed. Most of the Northmen were reduced to servitude, and all their former lands were occupied by the Wainriders. A few managed to flee to Gondor, others fled over the [[River Running|Celduin]] and were merged with their kin, while the folk of [[Dale]] under [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and others followed [[Marhwini]] to the [[Vales of Anduin]] and became the [[Éothéod]].<ref>{{UT|Northmen}}, fourth and fifth paragraph</ref>

In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini prepared an outbreak against the Wainrider occupation. After helping [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] in fighting them in [[Dagorlad]], desperate poorly-armed outlaws came out of Mirkwood and roused the slaves. They burned many Wainriders' dwellings, storehouses, and fortified camps of wagons. Most of them perished in the attempt fighting the Wainriders' youths, women, and old men. Marhwini retired to his land beside the Anduin, and the Northmen of his race never again returned to their former homes.<ref>{{UT|Northmen}}, sixth and seventh paragraph</ref> Afterwards, they battled with the enemies alone since Gondor could not help them. Still, they joined the forces of Gondor against [[Angmar]], and many Northmen comprised the army of the [[Battle of Fornost]] ({{TA|1975}}).<ref name="gondor" />

[[File:Donato Giancola - Fram Franson.jpg|thumb|''Fram'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]
After the evil Kingdom of [[Angmar]] was defeated by Gondor and the remains of [[Arnor]] in {{TA|1977}}, these Northmen moved north. They were skilled horse-breeders and horsemen. In {{TA|2510}} they responded to a plea of help from the trapped Gondorian army at the [[Field of Celebrant]]. After they helped Gondor win this important victory, they were rewarded the province of [[Calenardhon]], which became known as [[Rohan]].

By the late Third Age, the Northmen were spread throughout the lands east of the [[Misty Mountains]]. However, they had largely ceased to be a united people, as the Kingdom of Rhovanion was no more. Men who were of Northmen descent included the [[Rohirrim]], the [[Men of Dale]] (later known as the [[Bardings]]), the [[Lake-men]], the [[Beornings]], and the [[Woodmen]] of Mirkwood.

In later centuries, it is mentioned that the Northmen of Dale and Esgaroth were allied with [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and, with [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] weapons, they drove their enemies back to [[Rhûn]]. However, they did not prevent the enemies from reaching the gates of Erebor during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref name="Foster" />

==Language==
Since the Northmen were mostly descended from the [[Edain]], their languages were related to [[Adûnaic]] and some languages still bore a great resemblance to [[Westron]]. This language family included the languages of the peoples of the upper [[Vales of Anduin]] (the [[Beornings]] and the [[Woodmen|Woodmen of Western Mirkwood]]), the [[Lake-men]], and the [[Men of Dale]]. The [[Rohirrim]] still spoke their ancestral tongue, giving new names in it to nearly all the places in [[Rohan]]. The [[Kings of Rohan]] used the Common Speech and spoke it nobly like the [[Gondorians]]; a more gracious and antique style of the language.<ref name="languages">{{App|Men}}</ref> The [[House of Eorl|Kings and their descendants]] after [[Thengel]] also knew the [[Sindarin]] tongue - the language of the nobles of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, note 2</ref>

==Inspiration==

[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] was possibly inspired by the ancient [[Wikipedia:Norsemen|Northmen]] of northern Europe (These "Northmen" appear in his poem "[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son]]".<ref>{{HB|II}}</ref>) and their language is rendered with [[North Germanic languages|Old Norse]]. A significant difference is that the real Northmen were mostly sea-faring peoples while the Northmen of [[Rhovanion]] were continental.

==See also==

*[[Forodwaith (people)|Forodwaith]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Northmen| ]]
[[de:Nordmenschen]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/hommes du nord]]
[[fi:Pohjalaiset]]

Beeches

2025-08-21T23:06:34Z

Angon: Added some information from The Hobbit

'''Beeches''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[neldor]]''<ref>{{S|Elements}}</ref>) were broad and tall trees that grew throughout [[Middle-earth]], and especially in its northern regions. The most famous beech-forest of all was [[Forest of Neldoreth|Neldoreth]] in [[Doriath]].<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Neldoreth''</ref> [[Hírilorn]], the three-trunked tree in which [[Lúthien]] was imprisoned, was perhaps the greatest beech that had ever grown.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref> Beeches also grew in [[Trollshaws]], where [[trolls]] used them as firewood<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=H 02.043}}</ref> and in the valley of [[Rivendell]],<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=H 03.012}}</ref> as well as in [[Mirkwood]],<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=H 08.037}}</ref> where they were the favorite trees of the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]].<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=H 08.132}}</ref> In the attack on [[Isengard]] by the [[Ents]], the Ent which caught fire and burned to death was called [[Beechbone]].<ref>{{TT|III9}}</ref>
==In other languages==
*[[Primitive Elvish]]: ''pheren'' (from [[root]] [[BERÉTH]] "beech, birch" and also [[PHER]])<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref>
**[[Quenya]]: ''feren/ferne'' pl. ''ferni''
**[[Telerin]]: ''bredele'' "beech-tree", ''ferne''
***[[Ilkorin]]: ''galbreth''
***[[Old Noldorin]]: ''pheren''
****[[Noldorin]]: ''fer'' pl. ''ferin'' and also ''brethil'' (from Ilkorin)
*[[Doriathrin]]: ''[[neldor]]'' and also just ''[[orn]]'' "tree"
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1994: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]—[[Treasures of Middle-earth (2nd edition)|Treasures of Middle-earth]]'''''
:A type of beech tree, '''''Chap-beech''''', was described in the book as a pale-white tree. Its thin leaves sounded like hissing in the wind. These trees grew along the path to [[Dol Guldur]]. Chap-beechnuts had a stinging husk, but the [[Beornings]] and [[Radagast]] knew that they taste good once the husk was removed.<ref>{{ICE|2010}}, p. 191</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Trees]]
[[de:Buchen]]
[[fi:Pyökki]]

Talk:Waste

2025-07-06T00:26:26Z

Angon: /* Northern Waste */ Reply

==Northern Waste==

At Dour1234: Don't you think this 'Waste' referred to the 'Northern Waste'? Or the 'Withered Heath'? [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] ([[User talk:IvarTheBoneless|talk]]) 18:27, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
:I do not believe that it refers to the [[Northern Waste]] or the [[Withered Heath]]. It doesn't matter what I believe the [[Waste]] refers to. What matters is that Tolkien never specified what region the Waste refers to.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 23:26, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
:There is another case in The Hobbit (at least in some editions?) in which the Waste is capitalized: "But Thorin was not moved. “Winter and snow will bite both men and elves,” he said, “and they may find their dwelling in the Waste grievous to bear." It seems that the area around the Lonely Mountain was considered as (a part of?) the Waste. [[User:Angon|Angon]] ([[User talk:Angon|talk]]) 00:26, 6 July 2025 (UTC)

Uglúk

2025-06-13T03:33:09Z

Angon: C

{{infobox character
| people=[[Orcs|Orc]]
| name=Uglúk
| image=John Howe - Ugluk.jpg
| caption="Ugluk" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=
| affiliation=[[Saruman]]
| language=[[Common Speech]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=[[29 February]], {{TA|3019}}
| deathlocation=Edge of [[Fangorn Forest]]
| age=
| notablefor=Leading the orcs who slew [[Boromir]] Capturing [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| race=[[Uruk-hai]]
| gender=Male
| height=Slightly taller than most Uruk-hai<ref>{{TT|Uruk}}, p. 447</ref>
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword, bow
| steed=
}}

<center>{{quote|We are the fighting [[Uruk-hai]]! We slew the [[Boromir|great warrior]]. We took the prisoners. We are the servants of Saruman the Wise, the White Hand: the Hand that gives us man's-flesh to eat. We came out of Isengard, and led you here, and we shall lead you back by the way we choose. I am Uglúk. I have spoken.
|''[[The Two Towers]]', "[[The Uruk-hai]]"}}</center>

'''Uglúk''' was an [[Uruk-hai|Uruk]] captain in the service of [[Saruman]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. The company of [[orcs of Isengard]] under his leadership killed [[Boromir]], captured [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and attempted to bring them to [[Isengard]].

==History==
[[File:Richard Sullivan - Ugluk.jpg|thumb|left| Richard Sullivan - ''Uglúk'']]
On [[26 February]] {{TA|3019}} Uglúk was the leader of the [[Orcs|Orc-company]] that attacked the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] on the slopes of [[Amon Hen]], slew Boromir and carried off Merry and Pippin.<ref name="TA">{{App|Great}}</ref>

Uglúk and his fellow Isengarders were servants of the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Saruman]], whom he called the Wise and respected him for his giving of man’s-flesh to eat. However, not all of his company were from Isengard – the group contained a contingent of Orcs from [[Mordor]] led by [[Grishnákh]] and a party of Northerners from [[Moria]]. Uglúk's orders had been to kill all of the Fellowship except the Halflings, who were to be brought back to Isengard and Saruman alive, captured and unspoiled, as quickly as possible. Grishnákh's orders were the same, except that his destination was to be Lugbúrz ([[Barad-dûr]]) and [[Sauron]]. The Northerners had no orders; they had come from the Mines for vengeance and killing, followed by a quick return to the north. Not long after the capture of the hobbits these conflicting aims led to a brief fight in which some of the Mordor-orcs and Moria-orcs were slain. Uglúk won and was able to impose his will; his Orc-company headed west while Grishnákh's group withdrew.<ref name="Uruk">{{TT|III3}}</ref>

On the evening of [[26 February]]<ref name="TA" /> Uglúk learned that a single horseman of [[Rohan]] had been spotted but had not been stopped. Realizing that pursuit by the [[Rohirrim]] would swiftly follow he applied medicine on Merry's wound and forced drinks down both hobbits' throats. He then cut their leg bonds so that they could run with the company. When the Northerners objected to his plan to keep on running by daylight Uglúk promised that they would run with him behind them, and he ran at the rear to keep an eye on all of his company.<ref name="Uruk" />

Despite the fast pace set by Uglúk on [[28 February]]<ref name="TA" /> an [[Éored]] of mounted [[Men]] began to overtake the Orcs. Near the [[Entwash]] most of the Northerners broke away and dashed off towards the [[Misty Mountains]]. At the same time Grishnákh returned with a couple of score of fellow Mordor-orcs. Due to the threat from the riders the two Orc-companies combined and headed for the forest. As they sped along they caught up with the Northerners who perforce rejoined Uglúk's command.

Despite all the speed they could muster the Orcs, now numbering two hundred, were surrounded just three furlongs from the eaves of the forest. The hemmed-in Orcs began to grumble against Uglúk until he assured them that reinforcements led by an Orc named [[Mauhúr]] were close at hand. As the night wore on the Riders made a sortie against the Orcs. Uglúk led his Isengarders to stem the attack, which gave Grishnákh the opportunity to attempt to steal away with the two hobbits.<ref name="Uruk" />

Grishnákh was killed and the hobbits escaped just as Mauhúr tried but failed to break the encirclement. Merry and Pippin fled into the woods as the Éored attacked at dawn on [[29 February]].<ref name="TA" /> In the ensuing battle Uglúk almost broke through the Riders with a wedge of soldiers, but he was brought to bay at the very edge of the woods and slain by [[Éomer]] in a hand-to-hand sword fight.<ref name="Uruk" />

Uglúk died not knowing that the two hobbits he had captured did not have [[the One Ring]]. As [[Gandalf]] later noted, Uglúk's efforts would unwittingly lead to the downfall of Saruman.<ref>{{TT|III5}}</ref>

==Appearance==
Uglúk was a large black orc.<ref name="Uruk" /> Being an Uruk, he was larger and stronger than the other Orcs and he was not bothered by sunlight. Uglúk bore the symbol of the [[White Hand]] of [[Saruman]]. Like the other Isengard Uruk-hai, Uglúk carried a great bow and a short broad-bladed sword.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Pictures of adaptations of Uglúk===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Uglúk.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
File:Guardians of Middle-earth - Uglúk.png|''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Uglúk.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>
'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Uglúk was played by [[Brian Haines]]. Ugluk's scenes were severely abridged, but his death at the hands of the riders of Rohan can be heard.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Uglúk was portrayed by [[Nathaniel Lees]]. Instead of being the leader of the Uruk-hai that caused Boromir's death, [[Lurtz]] is given the role.

'''2002: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Uglúk is provided by Pavol Topoľský.

'''2012: ''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Uglúk is a warrior-type "guardian" with four abilities: ''Charge of the Uruk-hai'', ''White Hand's Whip'', ''Fury of Isengard'' and ''Orcish Medicine''.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.co.uk/guardians/ugluk|articlename=''Guardians of Middle-earth'': Uglúk|dated=|website=[http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.com/ ''Guardians of Middle-earth'' official website]|accessed=16 July 2012}}</ref>

'''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Uglúk makes a cameo appearance in a flashback session play. The site of Uglúk's death has become known as ''Eomer's vengeance'' and his body can be found there where the player's narration notes that Boromir has been avenged.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Uglúk|Images of Uglúk]]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ugluk}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Servants of Saruman]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Uruk-hai]]
[[de:Uglúk]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/orques/uruk-hai/ugluk]]
[[fi:Uglúk]]

Orcs of the Misty Mountains

2025-06-12T02:17:53Z

Angon: Removed the mention of black Uruks inhabiting Moria in T.A. 2480, added this mention to the times of the War of the Ring.

{{people infobox
| name=Orcs of the Misty Mountains
| image = Alan Lee - The Great Goblin.jpg
| caption="The Great Goblin" by [[Alan Lee]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Northerners, Orcs of the Mountains
| origin=A mix [[Orcs]] of [[Morgoth]] fleeing the [[War of Wrath]] and Orcs sent by [[Sauron]]
| location=[[Goblin-town]], [[Moria]], [[Mount Gundabad]]
| affiliation=Sauron
| rivalry=[[Númenóreans]], [[Dwarves of Erebor]], [[Beornings]], [[Eagles]]
| language=[[Orcish]] dialects
| members=[[Great Goblin]], [[Azog]], [[Bolg]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Orcs of the [[Misty Mountains]]''' were tribes of [[Orcs]] settled in the tunnels in or under the mountains. They served [[Sauron]] since early on, guarding the passes and troubling the folk of [[Eriador]]. These Orcs were also responsible for the death of [[Isildur]] and the loss of the [[One Ring]]. Later on, though they harassed the peoples and regions around them on their own for a time, their bond to Sauron remained strong and even though he commanded from the far main dominions of [[Dol Guldur]] and [[Mordor]] they still carried out his will, occupying [[Moria]] and barring the paths through the mountains.

==History==
Their origin, and when they settled those tunnels is not known. However, they recognised and hated the [[Gondolin]]-forged blades [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]], so this may indicate some awareness of the [[Elder Days]].
===Second Age===
Orcs who survived the [[War of Wrath]] fled to the East and harassed the [[Dwarves]] south of the [[Forodwaith]]. By the [[Dark Years]], when [[Moria]] closed its gates the Orcs reinforced and commanded by servants of [[Sauron]] invaded the mountains again. It is said that [[Gundabad]] [[Fall of Mount Gundabad|was re-taken]] (suggesting that it was again occupied by Orcs in the past).<ref name="pmd">{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>{{rp|p. 305}}

Much later Sauron, knowing of the [[Last Alliance]], sent many [[Orcs of Mordor]] to harry the Allied forces who would attempt to cross the Mountains. However, the main might of [[Gil-galad]] and [[Isildur]] who crossed the [[Pass of Imladris]] and the [[Pass of Caradhras]] made the Orcs to hide themselves; even [[Thranduil]]'s diminished army was far too strong. The Orcs bided their time mostly hidden in [[Mirkwood]] or along the river-banks, remaining alert and watchful for companies of [[Elves]] or [[Men]] that they could outnumber. After the [[War of the Last Alliance]], these Orcs would have no news of its outcome and Sauron's fall and they'd probably think that he won. The small detachment was eventually forgotten.<ref name="glad" />{{rp|Note 20}}

===Third Age===
It was under the command of such Orc-chiefs from [[Barad-dûr]] they ambushed and killed [[Isildur]] at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]] in early [[Third Age]], their fierceness probably caused by the presence of the [[One Ring]].<ref name="glad">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>

In {{TA|1300}}, the Orcs started increasing and harassing the [[Dwarves]] again.<ref name="B2" />

The awakening of [[Durin's Bane]] drove the Dwarves from [[Moria]] in {{TA|1981}}, and Orcs of the Misty Mountains entered and occupied its ruins.<ref name="A">{{App|A}}</ref> Around {{TA|2480|n}} Sauron started to populate Moria with his creatures, and in the same time the Orcs begun to make secret strongholds in the Mountains so as to bar all the passes into [[Eriador]].<ref name="B2">{{App|B2}}</ref> In {{TA|2509|n}}, on a trip to [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] to visit her parents, [[Celebrian]] was waylaid by Orcs in the [[Caradhras#The Redhorn Gate|Redhorn Pass]]. She was captured and tormented, receiving a poisoned wound until her [[Elladan|two]] [[Elrohir|sons]] rescued her.<ref name="B2" />

Apparently Sauron forged an alliance between the Orcs and the [[Balchoth]], a tribe of [[Easterlings]]; in the spring of {{TA|2510}}, Orcs and Balchoth overran [[Calenardhon]].<ref name="B2" /> The [[Gondorian]] army moved against the Balchoth north of the [[Limlight]], when a horde of Orcs from the Mountains suddenly attacked and surrounded them. The Gondorians were pressed towards [[Anduin]] until the [[Éothéod]] came to their rescue.<ref name="B2" /><ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref>

Around {{TA|2740|n}}, the Orcs became more bold, daring to invade Eriador. The [[Rangers of the North]] fought many battles with the sons of Elrond trying to hold them back, but one party managed to reach [[the Shire]] in {{TA|2747|n}}. They were fought off by a party of brave Hobbits under [[Bandobras Took]], who killed their leader [[Golfimbul]] in the [[Battle of Greenfields]].<ref>{{H|1}}</ref><ref name="Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref>
====War with the Dwarves====
It seems that some Dwarves, either before or after the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, dwelt on the eastern side of the mountains near [[Goblin-town]].{{fact}}

[[File:Mikel Janin - Battle of Azanulbizar.jpeg|left|thumb|''The Battle of Azanulbizar'' by Mikel Janin]]
Long afterwards, Moria became the seat of an Orc-chieftain named [[Azog]] who slew King [[Thrór]] of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]], beginning the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]. In {{TA|2793|n}} the Dwarves sought revenge, assailing and sacking one by one all the Orc-holds they could from [[Second Sacking of Gundabad|sacking]] [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] in the north, to the [[Gladden Fields]] in the south. Most of the war was fought underground, in the mines, halls, and other dwellings the Orcs had occupied or created. The war ended with the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] where Azog himself was slain,<ref name="A" /> causing thousands of Orcs to flee south through [[Rohan]], who found refuge in the [[White Mountains]], troubling the Rohirrim for two generations.

The Orcs of the Misty Mountains virtually disappeared as a threat for [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], but the Dwarves were unable to reclaim Moria.

[[Gandalf]] believed that the Orcs drove the [[bears]], as well as [[Beorn]]'s people, from their home in the mountains. Beorn promised that one time he would return.<ref>{{H|7}}</ref>

====Quest for Erebor and beyond====
The [[Goblin-town]] had a main gate in one of the passes of the Mountains from which they assaulted travellers. As that way was eventually too dangerous and abandoned, by {{TA|2941|n}} travellers took the (seemingly safer) [[High Pass]], so the goblins opened the [[Front Porch]] as an alternate means to snatch people.<ref name="h6">{{H|6}}</ref>
[[File:Capucine Mazille - The Battle of Five Armies.jpg|thumb|''The Battle of Five Armies'' by Capucine Mazille]]
A group of Orcs under the leadership of the [[Great Goblin]], started planning a joint raid with the [[Wargs]] against the [[Woodmen]] to capture slaves.<ref name="h6" /> When they discovered [[Thorin and Company]], they thought they were spies of those woodmen and hunted them down, fearing they would warn their people. They escaped with [[Gandalf]]'s help, killing the Great Goblin in the process.<ref>{{H|Hill}}</ref>

Furious, the Orcs gathered at Mount [[Gundabad]] under the command of [[Bolg]] to seek revenge and secure domination of the North. The goblins were about to sweep southward when they learned of the death of Smaug and marched by night through the mountains and appeared unexpectedly at [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], almost immediately after the arrival of [[Dáin Ironfoot]], and participated the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref>{{H|Burst}}</ref> It ended in defeat for the Orcs (three fourths of their entire population killed), and left the Misty Mountains free of them for many years afterwards.<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>

In {{TA|2989|n}}, [[Balin]] left the [[Lonely Mountain]] and entered Moria with [[Balin's folk|other Dwarves]] to start a colony and restore Khazad-dûm. The company had a great battle near [[Mirrormere]] where the great chieftain was killed, allowing them to settle in Moria and explore. But the Orcs later counter-attacked, and in {{TA|2994|n}}, the entire expeditionary force was [[Battle of the Second Hall|besieged]] and [[last stand of Balin's folk|destroyed]].<ref name="B2" /><ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

====War of the Ring====
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Beornings]] under [[Grimbeorn]] kept open the [[High Pass]] and the [[Ford of Carrock]] and no Orc or [[Wargs|Wolf]] dared to enter his land.<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref> The Orcs of the Mountains though permanently depleted, reclaimed Moria though returning to the service of the Dark Lord Sauron.

Sauron's turncoat servant, the fallen [[Wizard]] [[Saruman]] also stirred up the Orcs tribes in the Mountains, gathering [[Orcs of Isengard|some]] of the forces he used against the kingdom of [[Rohan]] from there. The host of the Orcs of Moria, which included some [[Uruk-hai|black Uruks]] from [[Mordor]], attacked the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in the [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul]].<ref name="Bridge" /> Following them, a band of Orcs crossed the [[Nimrodel (river)|Nimrodel]], but they were destroyed by a regiment of the [[Galadhrim]].<ref>{{FR|II6}}</ref> A company of Orcs from the Mountains joined the parties led by [[Uglúk]] and [[Grishnákh]] in ambushing the Fellowship at [[Amon Hen]], but were later slain at night near the eaves of Fangorn by the Rohirrim.<ref>{{TT|Uruk}}</ref>

===Fourth Age===
The [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]] under [[Durin VII]] eventually succeeded in recapturing Moria in the [[Fourth Age]],<ref name="pmd" /> which suggests that the Orcs of the Misty Mountains diminished.

{{References}}

[[Category:Orcs]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]

Category:Bree-men

2025-06-01T23:12:03Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{main|Men of Bree}}
[[category:Pre-Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

Archet

2025-06-01T23:09:43Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{location infobox
| name=Archet
| image=The Lord of the Rings Online - Archet.jpg
| caption=Archet in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=In [[Bree-land]] northeast of [[Bree]] on the edge of the [[Chetwood]] in [[Eriador]]
| type=Village
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}

'''Archet''' was a village in [[Bree-land]].<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}, p. 149</ref> It was located northeast of [[Bree]],<ref name="Sign" /> north of the [[East Road]] north of [[Combe]] among the trees probably on the southern<ref name="Knife">{{FR|Knife}}, pp. 181-2</ref><ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref> edge of the [[Chetwood]].<ref name="Sign" />

==History==
When [[Aragorn]], [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Peregrin Took]] left the [[Prancing Pony]] inn in Bree in the morning of [[30 September]], {{TA|3018}}<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3018, September 30, p. 1091</ref> even many inhabitants from Archet were crowded on the road in Bree to watch their departure.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}, p. 180</ref> On that day Aragorn and the [[Hobbits]] left the East Road and turned to the north in the direction of Archet and on the next day turned right before they reached Archet to pass it on the east through the Chetwood.<ref name="Knife" />

When [[Travellers|Frodo and his companions]] returned to Bree on [[28 October]], {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Chief}}, entry for the year 3019, October 28, p. 1096</ref> Barliman Butterbur told them that Bree had been raided early in the year by [[ruffians]] from the south during the [[War of the Ring]]. Barliman Butterbur believed that they had been let into Bree by Harry Goatleaf and Bill Ferny, which had been on the side of the ruffians and which had fled Bree with them after they had lost the fight against the inhabitants of Bree, but three Men and two Hobbits from Bree were killed. The defeated ruffians fled to the woods beyond Archet and the wilds where they lived as robbers so that travelling on the road was no longer safe. As a result the inhabitants of Breeland locked up their dwellings early, kept watchers all around the hedge and guarded the gates with a lot of men during the night. He also informed them that the Bree-landers had not understood how much the Rangers of the North had done for their safety, because after they all left (to fight in the War of the Ring in the south) wolves had howled around the fences in the winter and there were dark shapes in the woods, dreadful things that make the blood run cold when he thought of them.<ref name="Homeward">{{RK|Homeward}}, p. 992</ref>

==Etymology==
''Archet'' is an "English place-name of [[Celtic]] origin.<ref name="Nomenclature">{{HM|N}}, entry '''Archet''', p. 765</ref>

The name ''Archet'' has been modelled on a relic of a "British" (i.e. Celtic) name that was chosen for its meaning, because the survival of traces of the older language of the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England. The element ''chet'' means "wood".<ref name="Nomenclature" /><ref>{{App|Translation}}, p. 1135</ref> [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] stated that the name ''Archet'' was descended from British ''*ar(e)cait-'' and that [[Welsh]] ''argoed'' means "trees" or "edge of forest".<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 765 citing from [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], manuscript version of ''Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings'', entry '''Archet'''</ref>

[[Mark T. Hooker]] suggests that the element ''[[Wiktionary:ar-#Old Irish|Ar-]]'' is a prefix meaning "nearby", found in several [[Welsh]] place-names. The meaning of ''Archet'' would thus be "near the woods", which Hooker notes describes its geographic position "''on the edge of the Chetwood''".<ref>[[Mark T. Hooker]], ''[[A Tolkienian Mathomium]]'', p. 8</ref>

[[David Salo]] suggests that ''Archet'' means "by the wood" and that it is equivalent to Welsh ''Argoed''.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c35b63ee6a6c41e9862d6|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]|accessed=2022-09-22}}</ref>

The real-life [[Welsh]] place-name ''[[Wikipedia:Argoed|Argoed]]'' means "by a wood".

==Portrayals in Adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Archet map.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of Archet from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Archet is the settlement players start at if they are Hobbits or of the Race of Man. During the Introduction of the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'' it comes under attack by [[Blackwolds|Blackwold]] brigands who burn many of the homes to the ground. The settlement is commanded by Captain Brackenbrook, a retired sell-sword, but command passes on to his son, [[Jon Brackenbrook]], when his father is killed in the attack.

{{references}}
[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Celtic names]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[de:Archet]]
[[fi:Aarnila]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes tours et forteresses/eriador/archet]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

Combe

2025-06-01T23:09:12Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{location infobox
| name=Combe
| image=The Lord of the Rings Online - Combe.jpg
| caption=Combe in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=In [[Bree-land]] northeast of [[Bree]] in [[Eriador]]
| type=Village
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Combe''' was a village in [[Bree-land]].<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}, p. 149</ref> It was located northeast of the village [[Bree]] north of the [[East Road]]<ref name="Knife">{{FR|Knife}}, p. 181</ref> in a deep valley a little further eastward from [[Staddle]],<ref name="Sign" /> which was on the gentler south-eastern slopes of [[Bree-hill]].<ref name="Knife" />

==History==
When [[Aragorn]], [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Peregrin Took]] left the [[Prancing Pony]] inn in Bree in the morning of [[30 September]], {{TA|3018}}<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3018, September 30, p. 1091</ref> even many inhabitants from Combe were crowded on the road in Bree to watch their departure.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}, p. 180</ref> On that day having walked for some miles on the East Road, Aragorn and the [[Hobbits]] could see rising smoke in a deep hollow north of the East Road that indicated where Combe was located.<ref name="Knife" />

==Etymology==
The word ''Coomb'' means a deep (but usually not very large) valley and occurs as an element in place-names spelt ''-comb'', ''-cumb'' or ''-combe''.<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Coomb''', p. 767</ref>

The name ''Combe'' (''Coomb'') has been modelled on a relic of a "British" (i.e. Celtic) name that was chosen for its meaning, because the survival of traces of the older language of the Bree-men resembled the survival of [[Celtic]] elements in England.<ref>{{App|Translation}}, p. 1135</ref>

[[David Salo]] suggests that ''Combe'' means "valley" and that it is a Celtic name, which is derived from British ''*kumba'' and [[Welsh]] ''cwm''.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c35b63ee6a6c41e9862d6|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names (1.21)|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]|accessed=2022-09-23}}</ref>

The real-life [[Welsh]] place-name ''[[Wikipedia:Cwm, Blaenau Gwent|Cwm]]'' means "valley".

==Portrayals in Adaptations==
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Combe is a busy village that is visted by the player during "Stirrings in the Darkness". Weary travellers can relax and drink in the Comb and Wattle Inn. The village is commanded by Constable Underhill.

{{references}}
[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Celtic names]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[de:Schlucht]]
[[fi:Notko (Briimaa)]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes tours et forteresses:eriador:combe]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

Bree-hill

2025-06-01T23:08:46Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{location infobox
| name=Bree-hill
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Central [[Eriador]]
| type=Hill
| description=
| regions=
| towns=[[Bree]], [[Staddle]]
| inhabitants=[[Men]], [[Hobbits]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Bree-hill''' was the most prominent point in the [[Bree-land]], on the slopes of which stood the villages of [[Bree]] itself (to the southwest) and [[Staddle]] (to the southeast).

There were many families of hobbits in Bree; and they claimed to be the oldest settlement of Hobbits in the world, founded long before the Brandywine was crossed and the Shire colonized. Though more lived in Staddle there were many [[Bree-hobbits|Hobbits]] in Bree, living on the higher slopes of the hill, above the houses of the Men.<ref>{{FR|Sign}}, p. 173</ref>

On its southern slopes there were flourishing growths of [[pipe-weed]], which was probably brought to the north along the [[Greenway]] and the [[Bree-hobbits]] claimed they were the first actual smokers of the leaf. Being an ancient cross-road, the "[[smoking|art]]" spread from there to other wanderers and races. [[Tobold Hornblower]] probably discovered the leaf there, introducing it to [[the Shire]].<ref>{{FR|Pipeweed}}, pp. 8-9</ref>

The southern slopes contained the fields called [[Southlinch]], which produced a weed variety of that name.<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Southlinch'', p. 653</ref>

==Etymology==
''Bree-hill'' is a [[Wikipedia:List of tautological place names|tautological place name]], because it means "hill-hill"<ref name="RC">{{HM|RC}}, p. 16</ref>.

The element ''Bree'' is a British (i.e. [[Celtic]]) word for "hill"<ref>{{App|Translation}}, p. 1135</ref>. [[Wayne Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] suggest that the name ''Bree'' is derived from the [[Welsh]] word ''bre'', which means "hill".<ref name="RC" /> [[Tom Shippey]] also points out that ''Bree'' means "hill" in Welsh.<ref name="Road">[[Tom Shippey]], [[The Road to Middle-earth]], Chapter 4: A Cartographic Plot, Getting started, third edition, p. 124</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] mentioned to also look at Brill and that it was derived from bree + hill when he mentioned that [[Chetwood]] was a compound of Celtic and English elements that both mean "wood".<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Archet''', p. 765</ref>

Tom Shippey mentions that J.R.R. Tolkien was inspired by the town of [[Wikipedia:Brill,_Buckinghamshire|Brill, Buckinghamshire]], which is located on a hill ten miles from [[Oxford]], when he chose the names ''Bree'' and ''Bree-hill''.<ref name="Road" /> [[Christopher Tolkien]] confirmed that the name ''Bree'' is based on ''Brill'' in [[wikipedia:Buckinghamshire|Buckinghamshire]], which his father knew well.<ref>{{RS|1VIIN}}, note 6, p. 131</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Hills]]
[[de:Breeberg]]
[[fi:Briivuori]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

The Prancing Pony

2025-06-01T23:08:17Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{location infobox
| name=The Prancing Pony
| image=Ted Nasmith - At the Sign of the Prancing Pony.jpg
| caption="At the Sign of the Prancing Pony" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[Bree]]
| type=Inn
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Barliman Butterbur]] [[Nob]] [[Bob]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
| gallery=the Prancing Pony
}}
'''The Prancing Pony''' was a large inn and important gathering place at [[Bree]].

==Description==
The inn was located just where the [[East Road]] bent round the foot of [[Bree-hill]], within the dike that stretched around the town. The building was three stories tall with many windows. Its front faced the Road and it had two wings that ran back towards the elevated ground of the hill, such that in the rear the second floor was at ground level.

Between the wings was a courtyard that was accessible through an archway. Under the arch a few steps on the left led to main door. Above the arch was a lamp that illuminated the sign beneath, which showed a fat pony rearing on its hind legs. A white-lettered inscription over the door announced "The Prancing Pony by [[Barliman Butterbur]]".

In the north wing there were rooms on the ground floor that had been especially built for [[hobbit]] guests. The centre of activity was the big common-room where drinks were served near a cheery log fire,<ref name="Pony">{{FR|I9}}</ref> and lanterns were hanging on the roof beams.<ref>''[[Tolkien Calendar 2015]]'', June: 'The Inn at Bree', "Miss Fairburn recalls that Tolkien told her the lanterns should be on the beams, not between them."</ref>

==History==
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Prancing Pony.jpg|thumb|left|''The Prancing Pony'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
The Prancing Pony had been built long before the time of the [[War of the Ring]], when traffic on the roads had been much greater. Despite diminished numbers of visitors the inn had remained an important centre of news, since Bree was at the crossroads of the East Road and the [[Greenway]], which came up from the south and went onwards to [[Fornost Erain|Fornost]].<ref name="Pony" />

The inn had been kept by the [[Butterbur Family]] for generations as a convivial gathering place for [[Men]], [[Dwarves]], and Hobbits (both those living in Bree and travellers from [[the Shire]]). [[Tobold Hornblower]] was one of the Shire Hobbits who visited Bree and probably the Prancing Pony, where he learned about [[Pipe-weed]].<ref name="Weed">{{FR|Pipeweed}}</ref> Around {{TA|2670}} Old Toby brought back samples of the plant to the [[Southfarthing]]<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> where it became a major product of Hobbit agriculture, but the centre of the "art" of smoking remained at the old inn.<ref name="Weed" />

It was perhaps in the ''Pony'' where the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] met Dwarven [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King-in-Exile]] [[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]] in the spring of {{TA|2941}}. That meeting set the stage for the [[Quest of Erebor]].<ref name="UT9">{{UT|9}}</ref><ref group="note">Different accounts dispute the exact location of this first meeting. One source states that it occurred at an Inn in [[Bree]] whilst another states that Thorin started talking to Gandalf when he overtook him on the road.</ref> When [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the [[Thorin and Company|dwarves]] travelled eastward on their journey to the [[Lonely Mountain]] later that year,<ref name="TA" /> it is very probable that they stayed at the Prancing Pony, although Bilbo did not specifically mention it in his memoir.<ref group="note">See [[#Other versions of the legendarium]]</ref>

At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the inn was owned and managed by Barliman Butterbur, a man who was somewhat absent-minded at times. He had two hobbit assistants, [[Nob]] and [[Bob]]. In [[Mid-year's Day]] {{TA|3018}} the inn was once again visited by Gandalf, who left Barliman [[Gandalf's letter|a letter]] for a [[Frodo Baggins]] in [[Hobbiton]]. Barliman did not find anyone willing to bring it to the Shire, and it was soon forgotten.<ref name="Strider">{{FR|Strider}}</ref>

On the last [[Monday]] of [[September]] {{TA|3018}}<ref group="note">In the [[Shire Calendar]] the last Monday of September always falls on [[26 September|26]], however the [[Bree Calendar]] did not necessarily follow this reform.</ref> two "[[Nazgûl|black men]]" knocked, asking Nob for one [[Baggins family|Baggins]]. Barliman noticed that their presence made the dogs and geese of the inn noisy and terrified Nob. He slammed the door on them, and later heard that they continued all the way to [[Archet]].<ref name="Strider" />

The [[28 September|night before]] Frodo Baggins and his companions arrived another party (of men) came to the inn, travelling up the [[Greenway]] from the South.<ref name="Pony" />

[[File:Alan Lee - The Inn at Bree.jpg|thumb|''The Inn at Bree'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
On [[29 September]] {{TA|3018}}, Frodo, [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Peregrin Took]], and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] arrived at Bree and came to the Prancing Pony.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> The hobbits had followed Gandalf's instructions and expected to meet him there, but the Wizard was nowhere to be found. After supper in their room all except Merry went to the big common-room. It was here that "[[Mr. Underhill]]" (Frodo) first met [[Aragorn|Strider]] and where [[the One Ring]] got onto his finger when he fell off of a table.<ref name="Pony" />

In the parlour of their rooms the hobbits met Strider, who eventually (aided by Gandalf's letter that was now brought in by Barliman) convinced Frodo that he was a friend who could guide them. When they learned that Merry had seen a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]] within Bree they abandoned their lodgings and spent the night in Strider's room.<ref name="Strider" />

In the early hours of [[30 September]] the Hobbits' room was attacked, although no one heard the intruders. It was also discovered that the hobbits' ponies and the horses of all of the other guests had been driven off. While new mounts were being found the travellers managed to get a breakfast at the inn. Many hours later, Frodo, Sam, Merry, and Pippin left the Prancing Pony, guided by Strider.<ref>{{FR|I11}}</ref>

That same night, Gandalf, who was trying to catch up with Frodo, came to the inn. He was furious with Barliman's forgetfulness, who was very worried when he saw the hobbits leaving with the suspicious Ranger; but that made Gandalf forgive him as the Hobbits were alive and in good hands, and put a blessing on his beer. He left the [[1 October|next morning]] for [[Weathertop]].

On [[28 October]] {{TA|3019|n}}, Gandalf and the hobbits returned to Bree and stayed at the Prancing Pony.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> There they learned of the troubles Bree had had since their departure over a year before. In return they told Barliman of their adventures and the news that the King had returned, who was none other than Strider. Best of all for Sam was the news the [[Bill the Pony]] had returned safely there.<ref>{{RK|VI7}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In 1960 [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] began a complete rewrite of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' in which he sought to refashion the story in the same "epic" mode as ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. As part of this refashioning, Tolkien added elements that would tie the landscape of [[Eriador]] seen by Bilbo to that seen by Frodo. The stopping-place in Bree was specifically mentioned: "There [Bree] they spent their last comfortable night for many a day to come, in the great inn of Bree, the Prancing Pony, well-known to the hobbits of the east side of the Shire. "<ref>{{HH|NC2}}, p. 792</ref> In this version of the story Tolkien also sought to maintain an exact timeline, and the arrival at Bree occurred on [[2 May]] {{TA|2941|n}}.<ref>{{HH|NC3}}, note 4, p. 804</ref> Eventually though Tolkien abandoned this effort to rewrite Bilbo's tale.
==Inspiration==
According to research conducted by a branch of [[the Tolkien Society]], the Bell Inn in [[Wikipedia:Moreton-in-Marsh|Moreton-in-Marsh]] was a source of inspiration when [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] created the Prancing Pony, since the former also has three storeys and an "entrance via a courtyard, and Moreton's similarities to the town of Bree".<ref>"[http://www.thepublican.com/story.asp?sectioncode=7&storycode=53323&c=1 LandLord of the Rings]" (dated 2 November 2006) at [http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/ The Publican's Morning Advertiser] (accessed 16 October 2011)</ref>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
===The Prancing Pony in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
The Lord of the Rings Online - The Prancing Pony.jpg|The Prancing Pony in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - The Prancing Pony.jpg|The Prancing Pony in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
</gallery>
'''[[2001]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:In the movie, the inn appears to be frequented only by suspicious-looking men; no hobbits are seen, and the atmosphere is more ominous than it is in the book.

'''[[2007]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Prancing Pony is located in the north-east corner of [[Bree]]. The player meets up with [[Barliman Butterbur]], [[Strider (Aragorn)|Strider]] and [[Gandalf]] at various times in the inn during "Stirrings in the Darkness".

'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:The Prancing Pony is an important structure in [[Bree]]. [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] meet with [[Aragorn]] in the Prancing Pony, in the [[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North#Prologue|Prologue]] of the game. [[Barliman Butterbur]], the innkeeper, can be found behind the bar of the inn. The inn is visited by several [[Bree-landers]], including [[Otto Aster]] and [[Tedder Hedgerow]], and outlanders.<ref name="Prologue">[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref> According to Barliman Butterbur, the inn has existed almost as long as Bree has and has been in the possession of the [[Butterbur Family]] for many generations.<ref name="Prologue" />

'''[[2013]]: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''
:The Prancing Pony appears in the opening scene of the film. It is the place where Gandalf and Thorin first meet and make their plans to restore [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].

{{References|notes}}
[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Inns]]
[[de:Gasthaus „Zum Tänzelnden Pony“]]
[[fi:Pomppivan Ponin majatalo]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

Staddle

2025-06-01T23:07:43Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{location infobox
| name=Staddle
| image=The Lord of the Rings Online - Staddle.jpg
| caption=Staddle in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=In [[Bree-land]] northeast of [[Bree]] on the south-eastern slopes of [[Bree-hill]] in [[Eriador]]
| type=Village
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Men]], [[Bree-hobbits]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Staddle''' was a village in [[Bree-land]].<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}, p. 149</ref> It was located on the gentler south-eastern slopes of [[Bree-hill]].<ref name="Knife">{{FR|Knife}}, p. 181</ref> Staddle was the main settlement of the [[Bree-hobbits]].<ref name="Sign" /> Pipe-weed grew on the south slopes of Bree-hill.<ref>{{FR|Pipeweed}}, p. 8</ref>

==History==
On [[29 September]] {{TA|3018}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3018, September 29, p. 1091</ref> there were some hobbits of the the [[Underhill Family]] from Staddle in ''[[The Prancing Pony]]'' in [[Bree]]. That night [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Peregrin Took]] arrived at the inn and Frodo introduced himself as "[[Mr. Underhill]]" to [[Barliman Butterbur]], the innkeeper. When Barliman introduced "Mr. Underhill" to the other guests in the common-room, he attracted their interest.<ref>{{FR|Sign}}, pp. 153-6</ref>

Frodo and his companions left with [[Aragorn|Strider]] the [[30 September|next morning]]<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3018, September 30, p. 1091</ref> and most of the inhabitants from Staddle were crowded on the road in Bree to watch their departure.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}, p. 180</ref> Having walked for some miles on the [[East Road]], Aragorn and the [[Hobbits]] could see later the houses and [[hobbit-holes]] north of the East Road on the south-eastern slopes of Bree-hill.<ref name="Knife" />

Bree was raided early in {{TA|3019}} by [[ruffians]] from the south during the [[War of the Ring]]. Three Men and two Hobbits from Bree-land, among them an Underhill from Staddle, were killed.<ref name="Homeward">{{RK|Homeward}}, p. 992</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Staddle'' is a dialectical English name, which is derived from [[Old English]] ''stathol'' (''staðol''), which means "foundation" (of buildings, sheds, ricks, etc.) and occurs in real-life English place-names.<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Staddle''', p. 776</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Staddle is located directly east of Bree-town and is populated almost exclusively by hobbits.

{{references}}
[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

Bree-hobbits

2025-06-01T23:07:14Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Nob.JPG|thumb|[[Nob]], a hobbit from Bree (from [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' video game]])]]
'''Bree-hobbits''' were the [[Hobbits]] native to [[Bree]] and the [[Bree-land]] around; their interaction with [[Men]] (who also lived in the land), made them more open to the outside world than their parochial [[Shire-hobbits|cousins]] in [[The Shire|the Shire]].

==History==
Bree itself was a very ancient township of [[Men of Bree|Men]]. The first [[Hobbits]] (mostly [[Fallohides]] and [[Harfoots]]) came there from the east in about {{TA|1300}} fleeing [[Angmar]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><ref name="hob">{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> This made Bree the only place in the [[Arda|world]] where Hobbits and Men lived together side by side. Most of the Hobbits of the Bree-land lived in [[Staddle]], a village on the southeastern slopes of the [[Bree-hill]], but some also dwelt in Bree itself, living in [[Hobbit-holes]] burrowed in the hill above the houses of Men.

It was where and when the Hobbits (who by that time were speaking a language probably related to that of the [[Éothéod]]<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref>) adopted the [[Westron]] tongue; they also learned literacy with the [[Tengwar]], in the fashion of the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]].<ref name="hob" /> The Hobbits of Bree claimed to have originated most Hobbit customs, and certainly it was thought that they were the ones who first discovered the [[smoking]] properties of [[pipe-weed]].<ref name=":0">{{FR|Pipeweed}}</ref>

In {{TA|1601}} two Fallohides, [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]] with permission from King [[Argeleb II]] of [[Arnor]] led a group of colonists from Bree westward across [[Baranduin]] and founded [[the Shire]].<ref name="TA" />,<ref name="hob" /> The Bree-hobbits, therefore, tended to look down somewhat on their cousins in the Shire, referring to them as 'Colonists'<ref name=":0" /> and 'Outsiders'.<ref name=":1" /> On the other hand, the [[Shire-hobbits]] considered Bree-hobbits as [[Outsiders]] and thought of them as dull and rustic.

At the end of the Third Age, the Bree-hobbits still occasionally travelled west to the Shire, but they rarely ventured further than [[Buckland]] or the [[Eastfarthing]], those parts of the Shire that were closest to their home.<ref name=":1" /> However ancient close relationships between Bree-land and the Shire were not completely forgotten. [[Brandybuck family|Brandybucks]] had Bree-blood in them<ref name=":1" />, and [[Briffo Boffin]] moved from the Shire to Bree-land in [[Third Age 2810|T.A. 2810.]]<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix C]], "Boffin of the Yale"</ref>

During the [[War of the Ring]] two hobbits, [[Bob]] and [[Nob]] worked at the ''[[Prancing Pony]]''. When the [[Travelers]] entered the common room of the inn, they associated with native hobbits and travelers.<ref name=":1">{{FR|I9}}</ref>

==Families==
The more prominent Hobbit families living in the Bree-land at the time of the [[War of the Ring]] were [[Banks Family|Banks]], [[Brockhouse Family|Brockhouse]], [[Longholes Family|Longholes]], [[Mugwort Family|Mugwort]], [[Sandheaver Family|Sandheaver]], [[Tunnelly Family|Tunnelly]] and [[Underhill Family|Underhill]].

There were also hobbits by the name of Banks living in the Shire, and [[Underhill (village)|Underhill]] was a hamlet of Hobbiton, but we can do no more than speculate on the links between these families and regions.

{{references}}

[[Category:Hobbits]]

[[de:Bree-Hobbits]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

Men of Bree

2025-06-01T23:06:44Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{people infobox
| name=Men of Bree
| image = John Howe - Barliman Butterbur.jpg
| caption="[[:File:John Howe - Barliman Butterbur.jpg|Barliman Butterbur]]" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Bree-land]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Westron]]
| members=[[Barliman Butterbur]], [[Bill Ferny]], [[Mat Heathertoes]], [[Tom Pickthorn]], [[Rowlie Appledore]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=Cohabitation with the [[Hobbits]]
| height=
| hair=Generally brown
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Men of Bree''' were [[Bree-landers]], specifically the [[Men]] who lived around the [[Bree-land]], especially the village of [[Bree]].
==Origins==
{{seealso|Middle Men}}
Their own tales acknowledged that they descended from the first Men who wandered to the [[West]] in the late [[First Age]] but their ancestors did not reach [[Beleriand]].<ref name="sign" /> In the [[Second Age]] they inhabited the northern [[White Mountains]], in the land that would be later known as [[Calenardhon]]; they were a race of [[Pre-Númenóreans]], related to the [[Oathbreakers|Men of the Mountains]] and the [[Dunlendings]].

During the [[Dark Years]], some of this folk migrated northward to the dales south of the [[Misty Mountains]]. Eventually they continued to the [[Barrow-downs]] before settling the region around the tall, wooded [[Bree-hill]].<ref name="Men">{{App|Men}}</ref>

==History==
[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Bree-land.jpg|left|thumb|[[Matěj Čadil]] - ''Bree-land'']]
According to their own tales, the Bree-men were there since the [[Elder Days]], they survived the turmoils, they were still there when the [[Númenóreans]] came, and would remain for the following millennia.<ref name="sign" />

When the Kingdom of [[Arnor]] was founded, Bree-land lay inside its borders, and on the road that led to [[Gondor]]; as such the Men of Bree became subject of Arnor, and adopted [[Westron]].<ref name="Men" /> Around the Bree-hill, the Men of Bree established the settlement of [[Bree]], [[Staddle]], [[Archet]] and [[Combe]].

In about {{TA|1300}}, their land was visited by the [[Halflings]] who were fleeing the encroaching darkness to the east.<ref>{{App|B2}}</ref> They formed a unique society in all [[Middle-earth]] where Men and Hobbits lived beside one another. Thus they were affectionally called the "Big Folk" and the "Little Folk".<ref name="sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref>

The Men of Bree endured the [[Battle of Fornost|Fall of Arnor]] ({{TA|1975}}) and continued living independently, like before its existence.<ref name="sign" />

During the [[War of the Ring]] some Men of Bree like [[Bill Ferny]] and [[Harry Goatleaf]] were spies of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] and later they joined [[Saruman]]'s [[ruffians]].<ref name="sign" /><ref>{{UT|10}}, "Concerning Gandalf, Saruman, and the Shire"</ref>

==Culture==
In appearance, these [[Men]] were in stature short and broad, and often brown-haired. They were cheerful and provincial. In contrast to other Men, those of Bree were friendly to the other races, Hobbits, [[Dwarves]] and [[Elves]].<ref name="sign" />

They seem to have maintained a curious tradition of taking their names from plants and herbs; families of the Men of Bree included [[Appledore Family|Appledore]], [[Ferny Family|Ferny]], [[Goatleaf Family|Goatleaf]], [[Heathertoes Family|Heathertoes]], [[Rushlight Family|Rushlight]], [[Thistlewool Family|Thistlewool]] and [[Butterbur Family|Butterbur]].<ref>{{HM|IE}}, Giving of Names, p.208</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bree-landers]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Bree-men| ]]
[[de:Menschen von Bree]]
[[fi:Briin ihmiset]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]

Chetwood

2025-06-01T23:06:10Z

Angon: Added category "Bree-land"

{{location infobox
| name=Chetwood
| image=Matěj Čadil - Chetwood.jpg
| caption="Chetwood" by Matěj Čadil
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Central [[Eriador]], just north and east of [[Bree]]
| type=Forest
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
The '''Chetwood''' was the woodlands that lay east and south of the town of [[Bree]],<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Chetwood'', p. 16</ref> some forty miles east of [[the Shire]]<ref name="Hobbits">{{FR|Hobbits}}, p. 4</ref>. The village of [[Archet]] was built on its edge.<ref>{{FR|Sign}}, p. 149</ref>

Prior to the settlement of the Shire many Hobbits lived in Bree and in the Chetwood nearby.<ref name="Hobbits" /> When [[Aragorn|Strider]] led the four hobbits out of Bree they spent three days in the Chetwood before descending to the [[Midgewater Marshes]].<ref>{{FR|Knife}}, pp. 182-5</ref>

==Etymology==
'''Chetwood''' is modelled on a relic of British nomenclature.<ref>{{App|Translation}}, p. 135</ref> The first element ''chet'' (also found in ''[[Archet#Etymology|Archet]]'') is of [[Celtic]] origin and means "wood". The second element is the english word ''wood'' with the same meaning as the first element.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, entry '''Chetwood'', p. 767 and 'entry '''''<nowiki/>''Archet'<nowiki/>'', p. 765</ref> The first element is seen in the [[Welsh]] word ''[[Wiktionary:coed#Welsh|coed]]'' for "wood".<ref name="etym">{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c35b63ee6a6c41e9862d6|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names (1.21)|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]|accessed=2022-09-23}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Tom Shippey]] mentions [[Wikipedia:Chetwode|Chetwode]],<ref>[[Tom Shippey]], [[The Road to Middle-earth]], Chapter 4 A Cartographic Plot, Getting started, p. 124</ref> a village in Buckinghamshire close to the border of Oxfordshire, whose existence was first recorded in the year 949 as ''Cetwuda''.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Chetwood.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Chetwood in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Chetwood consisted of three areas in the region of [[Bree-land]]. Chetwood South was located around the [[East Road]] south of [[Staddle]], south-east of [[Bree]] and south-west of the [[Midgewater Marshes]]. Chetwood North was north of the marsh, between [[Combe]] and the [[Weather Hills]]. The Far Chetwood lay in the northeast of Bree-land beyond the [[Archet]] Dale, south of the lake of Nen Harn on the border with the [[North Downs]]. Early in the [[War of the Ring]], bandits of the Blackwold gang lived in the woods.

{{references}}
[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Celtic names]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Forests]]
[[de:Chetwald]]
[[fi:Aarnimetsä]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:forets:eriador:bois de chet]]
[[Category:Bree-land]]