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Tol Eressëa

2026-05-29T11:35:01Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Other versions of the legendarium */

{{expansion}}
{{location infobox
| name=Tol Eressëa
| image=Peter Xavier Price - Tol Eressea.jpg
| caption="Tol Eressea" by [[Peter Xavier Price]]
| pronun={{respell|tol}} {{respell|eh|res|seh-ah}}
| othernames=The Lonely Island
| location=[[Aman]] off the coast of [[Valinor]], east of the [[Bay of Eldamar]]; surrounded by [[Enchanted Isles]]
| type=Island
| description=Arrowhead-shaped island, green and beautiful
| regions=
| settlements=[[Avallónë]] [[Tathrobel]]<ref>{{MR|P3II1}}, pp. 199-200</ref><ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 203</ref> [[Cortirion]]<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, "The Conclusion of the ''Quenta Silmarillion''", §33, p. 334</ref>
| inhabitants=[[Eldar]], mostly [[Teleri]]
| created={{YT|1151}}
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Tol Eressëa''' was a large island off the coast of [[Eldamar]]. Its name translates from [[Quenya]] as the '''''Lonely Island''''', for it lay originally in the middle of the [[Belegaer]], far from any other landmasses.

[[Ulmo]] pushed it back and forth across [[Belegaer]] twice to transport the [[Elves]] to [[Aman]]. After that, it came to rest forever just off the eastern shore of that continent in the [[Bay of Eldamar]], and was inhabited by the [[Teleri]] of Aman, until they left for [[Alqualondë]].

With the end of the [[First Age]], many of the [[Eldar]] of [[Middle-earth]] (and the Teleri that never left it) went to Aman, and lived on the island of Tol Eressëa. Its principal location is the port city of [[Avallónë]] on the eastern shore.

==History==
====The founding of Tol Eressëa====
When the time came for the [[Eldar]] to go to the undying lands of [[Aman]] in the west, the [[Valar]] bid [[Ulmo]] to bring them there safely. As they could not cross the treacherous pass of ice in the north called the [[Helcaraxë]] that connected the lands, Ulmo uprooted an island that was in the middle of [[Belegaer]], standing in the middle of the sea since the fall of the lamp [[Illuin]]. With the aid of his servants, he moved the island like a mighty ship to the east and anchored it in the [[Bay of Balar]]. Then the elven groups of the [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor]] went upon it and were drawn across the sea to Aman, where they came into the region of [[Valinor]].<ref name="Eldalie">{{S|5}}</ref>

The largest and latest group of the elves to depart, the [[Teleri]], reached the shores of [[Beleriand]] at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] and dwelt there for many years. There they took [[Olwë]] to be their king. Then [[Ossë]] and [[Uinen]] came and befriended them, with Ossë teaching them much sea lore and sea music. Ever after, the Teleri would be accounted as the best singers and mariners among the [[Quendi]].<ref name="Eldalie" />

Across the sea in the west, [[Finwë]], who had been great friends with the Teleri, besought Ulmo to bring his friends to Aman if they would come. Ulmo agreed and brought the offer to the Teleri, which they accepted. Ossë was grieved at their departure, and so convinced a group to stay behind that would become the [[Falathrim]].<ref name="Eldalie" />

The Teleri drew onto a great isle, which Ulmo dragged across the sea. Ossë followed Ulmo and when the isle reached the [[Bay of Eldamar]], he called to the Teleri who heard his voice and begged Ulmo to stay their voyage. Ulmo, understanding the hearts of the Teleri, and having spoken against their summons at the councils of the Valar, granted their request, and with Ossë the two rooted the island to the foundations of the sea. The isle was ever after called Tol Eressëa, the lonely isle.<ref name="Eldalie" />

Finwë and the Valar grieved to know the group would not now come to Aman. And the Teleri on the isle began to grow apart from the mainland, abiding under the stars of heaven with the sight of Aman in the distance.<ref name="Eldalie" /> This sundering led to the development of their own language, [[Telerin]].<ref>[[David Salo]], ''[[A Gateway to Sindarin]]'', "The History of Sindarin"</ref>

The Valar wished still to the see the Lonely Isle, and so created a gap in the [[Pelóri]] called the [[Calacirya]], and after the light of Aman reached the shores of Tol Eressëa and made the lands grow fertile and the waters around it shone in silver and gold. There on the isle, the first flowers east of the Pelóri grew.<ref name="Eldalie" />

After the construction of the city of [[Tirion]], and the gifting of the white tree of [[Galathilion]] to the Eldar by [[Yavanna]], a seedling of Galathilion was given to the elves of Tol Eressëa, who planted it there and named it [[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]. This tree would go on to later give the seedling [[Nimloth (tree)|Nimloth]] to the people of [[Númenóreans|Númenor]].<ref name="Eldalie" />

After many years, the Teleri were torn for the love of the sea and their desire to see the light of Valinor and their sundered kindred again. Therefore, Ulmo sent Ossë to the Teleri. Ossë taught them how to build ships and gave them many strong winged swans which pulled the ships to Aman. Many came and saw the realm of Aman. Most sailed their ships near the shores and walked in the waves on the beaches.<ref name="Eldalie" />

The Noldor gave them many gems of opal, pale diamond and crystal, which the Teleri scattered across the shores of [[Elendë]]. They built the city of [[Alqualondë]] on the shores of Aman, and the Teleri found many pearls at sea which they used to adorn their halls and the mansion of Olwë. The city was lit with many lamps, it was filled with ships fashioned into the shape of swans, and the gate of their harbor was an arch of living rock carved by the sea.<ref name="Eldalie" />

====The end of the First Age====
Near the ending of the [[First Age]], after [[Beleriand]] had undergone many battles and much despair, and [[Morgoth]] had at last found and destroyed [[Gondolin]], [[Eärendil]] the Mariner decided he should go to [[Valinor]] and ask the [[Valar]] for pity on the [[Edain]] and the [[Eldar]] in Beleriand. His wife [[Elwing]], who had cast herself into the sea was borne up by [[Ulmo]], and given wings, so that she may fly with the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] that she possessed to Eärendil. Once she found him aboard his ship [[Vingilot]], she fell into his arms, and he placed the Silmaril on his brow and sailed the ship toward Valinor with Elwing at his side. The light of the Silmaril grew greater as they neared Valinor and as they passed the isle of Tol Eressëa.<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref>

After Eärendil spoke with the Valar, they gave him and Elwing the choice of mortality as a Man or immortality as an Elf. Both chose the life of an elf, and Eärendil went on his ship Vingilot through the [[Door of Night]], to then sail the ship to and from across the skies. Elwing took again to her bird form and the elves of Tol Eressëa would watch her from afar flying to greet Vingilot.<ref name="Earendil" />

After the [[War of Wrath]], many of the elves that dwelt in Beleriand came to live on Tol Eressëa, and they were soon forgiven by the Valar and [[Teleri]] alike for all the hurt they had done.<ref name="Earendil" />

====The Second Age====
Following [[Morgoth]]'s defeat at the end of the [[First Age]], the [[Second Age]] began,<ref>{{App|SA}}, p. 1082</ref> and the Valar called the elves to return to the West.

Those that came went and dwelt in the isle of Tol Eressëa, and in its chief city [[Avallónë]]. The tower of Avallónë was the first sight a mariner beheld when journeying to the Undying Lands. Ossë raised [[Númenor]] from out of the depths of the ocean and gifted it to the Edain. The Eldar brought flowers and fountains from Tol Eressëa and gifted them to the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="Numenor">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

The Númenóreans spoke [[Elvish]] which, they had learned from both the elves of Middle-Earth and Tol Eressëa. The Númenóreans could see Tol Eressëa from their isle, and from there, the elves would visit Númenor in oarless boats shaped like white birds. The elves brought many gifts including: birds of song, fragrant flowers, and herbs of great virtue. The chief most of the gifts was a seedling from their white tree, [[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]. The seedling would grow to be [[Nimloth (tree)|Nimloth]], the White Tree of Númenor.<ref name="Numenor" />

When the Númenóreans began to grow jealous of the lands of Aman and of the immortality of the west, the Eldar reported them to the Valar. [[Manwë]] sent them back as messengers to the men. The Eldar arrived at the Isle of Númenor during the reign of [[Tar-Atanamir]]. The Eldar tried to reason with them that the Eldar and the Edain were to have separate fates, but most of the men of Númenor would not listen and stopped welcoming death as part of their fate. The men drew into two groups thereafter: the [[King's Men]], who grew apart from the teachings and trust of the Eldar, and the [[Elf-friends|Elendili]], the elf-friends who still trusted in their ways.<ref name="Numenor" />

As the years went on, the Númenóreans drew further into their dark days, forsaking more and more the guidance of the Eldar and the decrees of the Valar. During the reign of [[Ar-Gimilzôr]], the White Tree was untended and the use of Elvish was forbade. Those that welcomed the ships of Eressëa were punished. The Valar grew angry with the Númenóreans and the ships from Eressëa never again visted Númenor.<ref name="Numenor" />

Even when [[Tar-Palantir]] took the scepter, and wished again for friendship with the elves, they did not come and Avallónë was veiled in cloud, out of his sight. [[Sauron]] deceived the twenty-fifth and final King of Númenor, [[Ar-Pharazôn]] into taking him as his hostage and later as an advisor.<ref name="Numenor" />

Sauron soon convinced Pharazôn to wage war against the Valar and defy the [[Ban of the Valar|ban]] that was laid upon them, forbidding them from entering Aman. This led to the downfall of Númenor, where Ar-Pharazôn gathered a great fleet of ships and sailed to the coast of Aman. From Avallónë the Eldar watched and mourned for the sun that was cut off by the cloud of the Númenóreans.<ref name="Numenor" />

Manwë called upon [[Ilúvatar]], who then opened a great chasm in the sea, into which all the faithless fleet sunk into alongside the entire island of Númenor. The lands of Aman and Tol Eressëa were drawn away from the reach of Men forever, into the realm of hidden things. Only nine ships of the Númenóreans escaped, carrying the [[Elendili]], which went then to [[Middle-earth]] to establish their realms. Then only by those who were permitted could Aman and Eressëa be reached by way of the [[Straight Road]], which was a secret road that passed through the atmosphere of [[Ilmen]], and back down until it reached Eressëa and Aman again.<ref name="Numenor" />

====The Third Age====
After the downfall of [[Númenor]], the surviving [[Elf-friends|Elendili]] brought to [[Middle-earth|Middle-Earth]], their seven [[Palantíri]] which they were given by the elves to comfort them during the dark days, when the elves no longer came to Númenor. Three of the Palantíri were taken by [[Elendil]], two by [[Isildur]] and two by [[Anárion]]. Elendil placed his in the tower [[Elostirion]] in [[Tower Hills|Emyn Beraid]], in [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], and in the city of [[Annúminas]]. His sons set the others in [[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]], [[Minas Tirith|Minas Anor]], [[Orthanc]] and [[Osgiliath]]. Elendil would often look through the stone of Elostirion, seeing even as far as the [[Tower of Avallónë]] in Tol Eressëa, where the Master Stone resided.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==Flora==
Many beautiful trees grew on Eressëa, and their seedlings were gifted by the Eldar to [[Númenor]] to enrich the land, such as ''[[oiolairë]]'', ''[[lairelossë]]'', ''[[nessamelda]]'', ''[[vardarianna]]'', ''[[taniquelassë]]'', ''[[yavannamírë]]'', and the mighty ''[[malinornë]]''.<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}, p. 216</ref>

Its flora also included flowers such as that of ''[[lissuin]]'' and ''[[elanor]]''.<ref>{{UT|4}}, p. 243</ref>

==Etymology==
''Tol Eressëa'' is [[Quenya]], from ''[[tol]]'' ("isle") + ''[[eressëa]]'' ("lonely").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-3633419585.html|articlename=Q. ''Tol Eressëa'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=18 March 2024}}</ref>

==Other names==
In one of [[Edwin Lowdham]]'s [[Old English]] texts, the island is called ''Ánetíg''.<ref>{{SD|2eiv}}, p. 316</ref> This name occurs elsewhere with the meaning of "Solitary Isle".<ref>{{SM|VA1b}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the early versions of Tolkien's [[legendarium]], the island was later visited by [[Ælfwine]] (or [[Eriol]]), an Anglo-Saxon from the early Middle Ages, which provided a framework for the tales that later became ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

Most of ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'' occurs on Tol Eressëa. The island played a significant role in those early conflicting and revised versions, as the homeland of the Noldorin exiles. From those stories, [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided a comparative summary of its story: After the war between the [[Eldar]] and the [[Enemy]] in the [[Great Lands]] (i.e. Middle-earth), Eressea is the destination for the exiled [[Noldoli]] who were rescued from the Great Lands, as some were not allowed to return to Valinor. The exiles built many towns and villages, and places such as [[Tavrobel]], the central region of [[Alalminórë]] with the hill of [[Kôr]] where [[Ingil]] son of [[Ingwe|Inwe]] built [[Kortirion]]. The [[House of the Hundred Chimneys]] and the [[Cottage of Lost Play]] of Kortirion are also mentioned. These names do not exist in the later ''Silmarillion''.

The island was visited by [[Ottor Wǽfre]] who, after learning the ancient history of the [[Elder Days]] went to visit [[Gilfanon]] in Tavrobel, where he wrote it down. He married an Elf and had a son named [[Heorrenda]].

Tol Eressëa was drawn again east and anchored off the coasts of the Great Lands (at the geographical position of England), where the Lost Elves rose against the servants of Melko. When Osse attempted to drag the island back to the West, the western half broke off, forming the Isle of [[Iverin]] (Ireland).

After the defeat of the Elves in the battle of [[Ros]], they hid in Tol Eressëa, but were followed by evil men, [[Orcs]] and other creatures. The great [[Battle of the Heath of the Sky-roof]] between Men near Tavrobel causes the Elves to flee over the [[Gruir]] and the [[Afros]].

The Elves then faded, and most [[Men]] were now unable to see them. Eriol's sons, Hengest, Horsa, and Heorrenda, who were friendly to the Elves, conquered the island which became 'England'. From them the Angles have 'the true tradition of the fairies'. Hengest came to Kortirion (Warwick), Horsa to [[Taruithorn]] ([[Oxford]]) and Heorrenda to [[Tavrobel]] (Great Haywood).<ref>{{LT2|VI}}</ref>

A [[Gnomish]] name used for Tol Eressëa was '''''Dor Faidwen''''' ("Land of Release"),<ref>{{LT1|I}}, pp. 13, 21</ref><ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 5, 7</ref> or '''''Fairinor''''' in early [[Quenya]] with the same meaning.<ref>{{PE|15}}, p. 7</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tol Eressea}}

[[Category:Aman]]
[[Category:Islands]]
[[Category:Qenya locations]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Tol Eressëa| ]]
[[de:Tol Eressea]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/iles/tol eressea]]
[[fi:Tol Eressëa]]

Tol Eressëa

2026-05-29T11:34:39Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Other versions of the legendarium */

{{expansion}}
{{location infobox
| name=Tol Eressëa
| image=Peter Xavier Price - Tol Eressea.jpg
| caption="Tol Eressea" by [[Peter Xavier Price]]
| pronun={{respell|tol}} {{respell|eh|res|seh-ah}}
| othernames=The Lonely Island
| location=[[Aman]] off the coast of [[Valinor]], east of the [[Bay of Eldamar]]; surrounded by [[Enchanted Isles]]
| type=Island
| description=Arrowhead-shaped island, green and beautiful
| regions=
| settlements=[[Avallónë]] [[Tathrobel]]<ref>{{MR|P3II1}}, pp. 199-200</ref><ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 203</ref> [[Cortirion]]<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, "The Conclusion of the ''Quenta Silmarillion''", §33, p. 334</ref>
| inhabitants=[[Eldar]], mostly [[Teleri]]
| created={{YT|1151}}
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Tol Eressëa''' was a large island off the coast of [[Eldamar]]. Its name translates from [[Quenya]] as the '''''Lonely Island''''', for it lay originally in the middle of the [[Belegaer]], far from any other landmasses.

[[Ulmo]] pushed it back and forth across [[Belegaer]] twice to transport the [[Elves]] to [[Aman]]. After that, it came to rest forever just off the eastern shore of that continent in the [[Bay of Eldamar]], and was inhabited by the [[Teleri]] of Aman, until they left for [[Alqualondë]].

With the end of the [[First Age]], many of the [[Eldar]] of [[Middle-earth]] (and the Teleri that never left it) went to Aman, and lived on the island of Tol Eressëa. Its principal location is the port city of [[Avallónë]] on the eastern shore.

==History==
====The founding of Tol Eressëa====
When the time came for the [[Eldar]] to go to the undying lands of [[Aman]] in the west, the [[Valar]] bid [[Ulmo]] to bring them there safely. As they could not cross the treacherous pass of ice in the north called the [[Helcaraxë]] that connected the lands, Ulmo uprooted an island that was in the middle of [[Belegaer]], standing in the middle of the sea since the fall of the lamp [[Illuin]]. With the aid of his servants, he moved the island like a mighty ship to the east and anchored it in the [[Bay of Balar]]. Then the elven groups of the [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor]] went upon it and were drawn across the sea to Aman, where they came into the region of [[Valinor]].<ref name="Eldalie">{{S|5}}</ref>

The largest and latest group of the elves to depart, the [[Teleri]], reached the shores of [[Beleriand]] at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] and dwelt there for many years. There they took [[Olwë]] to be their king. Then [[Ossë]] and [[Uinen]] came and befriended them, with Ossë teaching them much sea lore and sea music. Ever after, the Teleri would be accounted as the best singers and mariners among the [[Quendi]].<ref name="Eldalie" />

Across the sea in the west, [[Finwë]], who had been great friends with the Teleri, besought Ulmo to bring his friends to Aman if they would come. Ulmo agreed and brought the offer to the Teleri, which they accepted. Ossë was grieved at their departure, and so convinced a group to stay behind that would become the [[Falathrim]].<ref name="Eldalie" />

The Teleri drew onto a great isle, which Ulmo dragged across the sea. Ossë followed Ulmo and when the isle reached the [[Bay of Eldamar]], he called to the Teleri who heard his voice and begged Ulmo to stay their voyage. Ulmo, understanding the hearts of the Teleri, and having spoken against their summons at the councils of the Valar, granted their request, and with Ossë the two rooted the island to the foundations of the sea. The isle was ever after called Tol Eressëa, the lonely isle.<ref name="Eldalie" />

Finwë and the Valar grieved to know the group would not now come to Aman. And the Teleri on the isle began to grow apart from the mainland, abiding under the stars of heaven with the sight of Aman in the distance.<ref name="Eldalie" /> This sundering led to the development of their own language, [[Telerin]].<ref>[[David Salo]], ''[[A Gateway to Sindarin]]'', "The History of Sindarin"</ref>

The Valar wished still to the see the Lonely Isle, and so created a gap in the [[Pelóri]] called the [[Calacirya]], and after the light of Aman reached the shores of Tol Eressëa and made the lands grow fertile and the waters around it shone in silver and gold. There on the isle, the first flowers east of the Pelóri grew.<ref name="Eldalie" />

After the construction of the city of [[Tirion]], and the gifting of the white tree of [[Galathilion]] to the Eldar by [[Yavanna]], a seedling of Galathilion was given to the elves of Tol Eressëa, who planted it there and named it [[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]. This tree would go on to later give the seedling [[Nimloth (tree)|Nimloth]] to the people of [[Númenóreans|Númenor]].<ref name="Eldalie" />

After many years, the Teleri were torn for the love of the sea and their desire to see the light of Valinor and their sundered kindred again. Therefore, Ulmo sent Ossë to the Teleri. Ossë taught them how to build ships and gave them many strong winged swans which pulled the ships to Aman. Many came and saw the realm of Aman. Most sailed their ships near the shores and walked in the waves on the beaches.<ref name="Eldalie" />

The Noldor gave them many gems of opal, pale diamond and crystal, which the Teleri scattered across the shores of [[Elendë]]. They built the city of [[Alqualondë]] on the shores of Aman, and the Teleri found many pearls at sea which they used to adorn their halls and the mansion of Olwë. The city was lit with many lamps, it was filled with ships fashioned into the shape of swans, and the gate of their harbor was an arch of living rock carved by the sea.<ref name="Eldalie" />

====The end of the First Age====
Near the ending of the [[First Age]], after [[Beleriand]] had undergone many battles and much despair, and [[Morgoth]] had at last found and destroyed [[Gondolin]], [[Eärendil]] the Mariner decided he should go to [[Valinor]] and ask the [[Valar]] for pity on the [[Edain]] and the [[Eldar]] in Beleriand. His wife [[Elwing]], who had cast herself into the sea was borne up by [[Ulmo]], and given wings, so that she may fly with the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] that she possessed to Eärendil. Once she found him aboard his ship [[Vingilot]], she fell into his arms, and he placed the Silmaril on his brow and sailed the ship toward Valinor with Elwing at his side. The light of the Silmaril grew greater as they neared Valinor and as they passed the isle of Tol Eressëa.<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref>

After Eärendil spoke with the Valar, they gave him and Elwing the choice of mortality as a Man or immortality as an Elf. Both chose the life of an elf, and Eärendil went on his ship Vingilot through the [[Door of Night]], to then sail the ship to and from across the skies. Elwing took again to her bird form and the elves of Tol Eressëa would watch her from afar flying to greet Vingilot.<ref name="Earendil" />

After the [[War of Wrath]], many of the elves that dwelt in Beleriand came to live on Tol Eressëa, and they were soon forgiven by the Valar and [[Teleri]] alike for all the hurt they had done.<ref name="Earendil" />

====The Second Age====
Following [[Morgoth]]'s defeat at the end of the [[First Age]], the [[Second Age]] began,<ref>{{App|SA}}, p. 1082</ref> and the Valar called the elves to return to the West.

Those that came went and dwelt in the isle of Tol Eressëa, and in its chief city [[Avallónë]]. The tower of Avallónë was the first sight a mariner beheld when journeying to the Undying Lands. Ossë raised [[Númenor]] from out of the depths of the ocean and gifted it to the Edain. The Eldar brought flowers and fountains from Tol Eressëa and gifted them to the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="Numenor">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

The Númenóreans spoke [[Elvish]] which, they had learned from both the elves of Middle-Earth and Tol Eressëa. The Númenóreans could see Tol Eressëa from their isle, and from there, the elves would visit Númenor in oarless boats shaped like white birds. The elves brought many gifts including: birds of song, fragrant flowers, and herbs of great virtue. The chief most of the gifts was a seedling from their white tree, [[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]. The seedling would grow to be [[Nimloth (tree)|Nimloth]], the White Tree of Númenor.<ref name="Numenor" />

When the Númenóreans began to grow jealous of the lands of Aman and of the immortality of the west, the Eldar reported them to the Valar. [[Manwë]] sent them back as messengers to the men. The Eldar arrived at the Isle of Númenor during the reign of [[Tar-Atanamir]]. The Eldar tried to reason with them that the Eldar and the Edain were to have separate fates, but most of the men of Númenor would not listen and stopped welcoming death as part of their fate. The men drew into two groups thereafter: the [[King's Men]], who grew apart from the teachings and trust of the Eldar, and the [[Elf-friends|Elendili]], the elf-friends who still trusted in their ways.<ref name="Numenor" />

As the years went on, the Númenóreans drew further into their dark days, forsaking more and more the guidance of the Eldar and the decrees of the Valar. During the reign of [[Ar-Gimilzôr]], the White Tree was untended and the use of Elvish was forbade. Those that welcomed the ships of Eressëa were punished. The Valar grew angry with the Númenóreans and the ships from Eressëa never again visted Númenor.<ref name="Numenor" />

Even when [[Tar-Palantir]] took the scepter, and wished again for friendship with the elves, they did not come and Avallónë was veiled in cloud, out of his sight. [[Sauron]] deceived the twenty-fifth and final King of Númenor, [[Ar-Pharazôn]] into taking him as his hostage and later as an advisor.<ref name="Numenor" />

Sauron soon convinced Pharazôn to wage war against the Valar and defy the [[Ban of the Valar|ban]] that was laid upon them, forbidding them from entering Aman. This led to the downfall of Númenor, where Ar-Pharazôn gathered a great fleet of ships and sailed to the coast of Aman. From Avallónë the Eldar watched and mourned for the sun that was cut off by the cloud of the Númenóreans.<ref name="Numenor" />

Manwë called upon [[Ilúvatar]], who then opened a great chasm in the sea, into which all the faithless fleet sunk into alongside the entire island of Númenor. The lands of Aman and Tol Eressëa were drawn away from the reach of Men forever, into the realm of hidden things. Only nine ships of the Númenóreans escaped, carrying the [[Elendili]], which went then to [[Middle-earth]] to establish their realms. Then only by those who were permitted could Aman and Eressëa be reached by way of the [[Straight Road]], which was a secret road that passed through the atmosphere of [[Ilmen]], and back down until it reached Eressëa and Aman again.<ref name="Numenor" />

====The Third Age====
After the downfall of [[Númenor]], the surviving [[Elf-friends|Elendili]] brought to [[Middle-earth|Middle-Earth]], their seven [[Palantíri]] which they were given by the elves to comfort them during the dark days, when the elves no longer came to Númenor. Three of the Palantíri were taken by [[Elendil]], two by [[Isildur]] and two by [[Anárion]]. Elendil placed his in the tower [[Elostirion]] in [[Tower Hills|Emyn Beraid]], in [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], and in the city of [[Annúminas]]. His sons set the others in [[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]], [[Minas Tirith|Minas Anor]], [[Orthanc]] and [[Osgiliath]]. Elendil would often look through the stone of Elostirion, seeing even as far as the [[Tower of Avallónë]] in Tol Eressëa, where the Master Stone resided.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==Flora==
Many beautiful trees grew on Eressëa, and their seedlings were gifted by the Eldar to [[Númenor]] to enrich the land, such as ''[[oiolairë]]'', ''[[lairelossë]]'', ''[[nessamelda]]'', ''[[vardarianna]]'', ''[[taniquelassë]]'', ''[[yavannamírë]]'', and the mighty ''[[malinornë]]''.<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}, p. 216</ref>

Its flora also included flowers such as that of ''[[lissuin]]'' and ''[[elanor]]''.<ref>{{UT|4}}, p. 243</ref>

==Etymology==
''Tol Eressëa'' is [[Quenya]], from ''[[tol]]'' ("isle") + ''[[eressëa]]'' ("lonely").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-3633419585.html|articlename=Q. ''Tol Eressëa'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=18 March 2024}}</ref>

==Other names==
In one of [[Edwin Lowdham]]'s [[Old English]] texts, the island is called ''Ánetíg''.<ref>{{SD|2eiv}}, p. 316</ref> This name occurs elsewhere with the meaning of "Solitary Isle".<ref>{{SM|VA1b}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the early versions of Tolkien's [[legendarium]], the island was later visited by [[Ælfwine]] (or [[Eriol]]), an Anglo-Saxon from the early Middle Ages, which provided a framework for the tales that later became ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

Most of ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'' occurs on Tol Eressëa. The island played a significant role in those early conflicting and revised versions, as the homeland of the Noldorin exiles. From those stories, [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided a comparative summary of its story: After the war between the [[Eldar]] and the [[Enemy]] in the [[Great Lands]] (i.e. Middle-earth), Eressea is the destination for the exiled [[Noldoli]] who were rescued from the Great Lands, as some were not allowed to return to Valinor. The exiles built many towns and villages, and places such as [[Tavrobel]], the central region of [[Alalminórë]] with the hill of [[Kôr]] where [[Ingil]] son of [[Ingwe|Inwe]] built [[Kortirion]]. The [[House of the Hundred Chimneys]] and the [[Cottage of Lost Play]] of Kortirion are also mentioned. These names do not exist in the later ''Silmarillion''.

The island was visited by [[Ottor Wǽfre]] who, after learning the ancient history of the [[Elder Days]] went to visit [[Gilfanon]] in Tavrobel, where he wrote it down. He married an Elf and had a son named [[Heorrenda]].

Tol Eressëa was drawn again east and anchored off the coasts of the Great Lands (at the geographical position of England), where the Lost Elves rose against the servants of Melko. When Osse attempted to drag the island back to the West, the western half broke off, forming the Isle of [[Iverin]] (Ireland).

After the defeat of the Elves in the battle of [[Ros]], they hid in Tol Eressëa, but were followed by evil men, [[Orcs]] and other creatures. The great [[Battle of the Heath of the Sky-roof]] between Men near Tavrobel causes the Elves to flee over the [[Gruir]] and the [[Afros]].

The Elves then faded, and most [[Men]] were now unable to see them. Eriol's sons, Hengest, Horsa, and Heorrenda, who were friendly to the Elves, conquered the island which became 'England'. From them the Angles have 'the true tradition of the fairies'. Hengest came to Kortirion (Warwick), Horsa to [[Taruithorn]] ([[Oxford]]) and Heorrenda to [[Tavrobel]] (Great Haywood).<ref>{{LT2|VI}}</ref>

A [[Gnomish]] name used for Tol Eressëa was '''''Dor Faidwen''''' ("Land of Release"),<ref>{{LT1|I}}, pp. 13, 21</ref><ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 5, 7</ref> or '''Fairinor''' in early [[Quenya]] with the same meaning.<ref>{{PE|15}}, p. 7</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tol Eressea}}

[[Category:Aman]]
[[Category:Islands]]
[[Category:Qenya locations]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Tol Eressëa| ]]
[[de:Tol Eressea]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/iles/tol eressea]]
[[fi:Tol Eressëa]]

File:Elena Kukanova - Luthien & Huan.jpg

2026-05-09T11:57:58Z

Ar-Zigûr:

== Summary ==
"''[[Lúthien]] & [[Huan]]''", by [[Elena Kukanova]]

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|Elena Kukanova|[https://www.deviantart.com/ekukanova Elena Kukanova's DeviantArt page]}}

[[Category:Images by Elena Kukanova]]
[[Category:Images of Huan]]
[[Category:Images of Lúthien]]

File:Elena Kukanova - Luthien & Huan.jpg

2026-05-09T11:57:42Z

Ar-Zigûr:

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|INSERT NAME OF COPYRIGHT HOLDER|INSERT HOLDER'S WEBSITE|INSERT TG LINK}}

Faithful

2026-05-03T12:09:49Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{organization infobox
| name=The Faithful
| image = Ted Nasmith - The Ships of the Faithful.jpg
| caption="The Ships of the Faithful" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Elendili]], Nimruzîrim, [[Elf-friends]]
| founded=Between {{SA|2221}} & {{SA|2251|n}}
| founder=
| purpose=Faithful to the [[Eldar]] and [[Valar]]; opposed the [[King's Men]]
| members=[[Amandil]], [[Tar-Palantir]], [[Elendil]]
| location=[[Númenor]]
| disbanded=
| notablefor=Surviving the [[Downfall of Númenor]], and founding the [[Realms in Exile]]
}}
The '''Faithful''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] '''[[Elendili]]''', [[Adûnaic|A.]] '''Nimruzîrim''', both terms meaning "[[Elf-friends]]")<ref>{{PM|Akallabeth}}, §24, 25, p. 151</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, entry S '''Dúnadan''', p. 18</ref> were those among the [[Númenóreans]] who remained loyal to the [[Valar]] and [[Ilúvatar]] throughout the history of [[Númenor]], and turned aside from the policies of the later [[King of Númenor|Kings of Númenor]] and the [[King's Men]].

Being the opposing party, the King's Men composed of the majority of the people, especially in the later part of the [[Second Age]], while the Faithful were a far smaller and increasingly oppressed group. The Faithful lived mostly on the west side of Númenor until [[Ar-Gimilzôr]], the twenty-third King, commanded them to move eastwards near [[Rómenna]].

==Policies, beliefs and customs==
The Faithful maintained the use of the [[Elvish|Elven tongues]] and welcomed the [[Elves]] of [[Tol Eressëa]] to their land, in spite of the growing hostility from the King's Men. The Faithful also respected and loved the Valar still, and made no attempt to speak against the [[Ban of the Valar|Ban]] that the Valar had set against the Númenóreans sailing into [[Aman|the West]]. Nevertheless, they "did not escape the affliction of their people" regarding the fear of Death that the [[Shadow]] had brought upon all the Númenóreans, and they were troubled by the fate of [[Men]]. Unlike the King's Men, though, the Faithful had chosen to believe the words of the [[messengers of the Valar]] and [[Estel|trust]] that death, called the [[Gift of Men]] by the Elves, was not an evil. It was in this choice that they differed most from the majority of the people of Númenor.

Before the darkening of Númenor, the Númenóreans were permitted to climb the [[Meneltarma]], which was "sacred to the worship of Eru Ilúvatar,"<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref> at will. Three times a year, the King would lead the people in a procession to the hallow on the mountain's summit and give a prayer of thanks to Ilúvatar. After the reign of Tar-Ancalimon, these processions ceased and "men went seldom any more to the Hallow." Ar-Pharazôn forbade any man to ascend to the summit on pain of death, "not even those of the Faithful who kept Ilúvatar in their hearts."<ref name="Akk">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

==History==
===Early History===
The Faithful became a party distinct from the King's Men during the reign of [[Tar-Ancalimon]] the fourteenth King ({{SA|2251}}),<ref>{{App|B1}}; note that the reference to [[Tar-Atanamir]] in the source is wrong. Cf. "[[The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor]]", Note 10</ref> and insisted in keeping the old customs of their people. In later days, the Faithful looked to the [[Lords of Andúnië]] for guidance; held in high esteem by all the Númenóreans, the Lords kept their connection with the Faithful a secret for a long time, because they wished to use their power in the [[Council of the Sceptre|King's Council]] to steer the Kings to wiser courses of action. Nevertheless, the rulers of the isle became increasingly antagonistic to all those who were recognized to be members of the minority party.

Like the King's Men, the Faithful also made settlements in [[Middle-earth]], most notably [[Pelargir]] ({{SA|2350}}),<ref name="sa">{{App|B1}}</ref> but unlike the trends of those days, the Faithful did not seek to subjugate the natives of the [[Middle-earth|Great Lands]]. Because of the coldness between the two parties, the Faithful built Pelargir far away from the colonies of the King's Men, which were a great distance to the south.<ref name="Akk" /> The Faithful also sailed northwards to [[Lindon]] to converse with the [[Elves of Lindon|Elves there]].

===Treatment by the Later Kings of Númenor===
The Kings of Númenor looked upon the Faithful and their continuing friendship with the Elves with increasing suspicion; they banned the use of the [[Eldarin]] tongues and eventually moved the Elf-friends to the east of the island so that they could no longer communicate with these "spies of the [[Valar]]". The Kings even kept them under surveillance to make sure they did nothing subversive.
[[File:Juliana Pinho - Faithful Family - Lindorie and Inzilbeth.png|thumb|left|''Faithful Family - Lindorie and Inzilbeth'' by Juliana Pinho]]
The situation of the Faithful only became more bearable when Ar-Gimilzôr, who was the greatest enemy of the Elf-friends, married [[Inzilbêth]], one of the Faithful. His son, [[Tar-Palantir]], followed her faith and attempted to repent of the past actions of the Kings. He treated the Faithful kindly and allowed them to speak the Elven tongues again. But this caused a civil war of rebellion and strife.<ref name="sa" /> His daughter [[Tar-Míriel]] was also a Faithful and would follow his policies, but his nephew seized the [[Sceptre]] after his death and proclaimed himself King [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. Tar-Palantir's rule was only a minor break in what would become an increasingly cruel policy of oppression.

Ar-Pharazôn did not immediately begin harassing the Faithful after he was secure in power; his attention was chiefly on [[Sauron]], who had begun to assail the settlements of the Númenóreans. Seeing that he could not defeat the Númenóreans by arms, Sauron decided to corrupt them to their destruction. The King brought Sauron to Númenor as a hostage, and it was then that the worst of the Faithful's misfortunes befell them.

It was not long before Sauron had turned the hearts of most of the Númenóreans towards his counsels. As Ar-Pharazôn's life waned, he became desperate to escape death. Taking advantage of his fear, Sauron persuaded Ar-Pharazôn that Ilúvatar was a "phantom" invented by the Valar and [[Morgoth|Melkor]] was the "Lord of All" and "Giver of Freedom," who would prolong the King's life in exchange for worship in the form of human sacrifice. Thus, the King and the greater part of the Númenóreans turned to worship Melkor.<ref name="Akk" />

Naturally, "it was most often from among the Faithful" that the Númenóreans chose their victims for these sacrifices. They never said that they killed the Faithful for not worshiping Melkor, however; instead the Númenóreans accused them of plotting against the King and the rest of the people of the land.<ref name="Akk" />

===Escape from the Downfall===
This cruel treatment lasted several decades until Ar-Pharazôn grew old and was in great fear of the approaching end of his life. Therefore he listened to Sauron's suggestion that he gather a massive [[Great Armament|Armament]] and sail to [[Aman]], land of the Valar, to claim everlasting life. When [[Amandil]] the last Lord of [[Andúnië]] heard this news, he knew that the Númenóreans would surely come to ruinous defeat in war against the Valar, and so he decided to make a preemptive voyage into the West to beg them for mercy and deliverance from Sauron. Before he left, he advised his son [[Elendil]] to furnish nine ships and anchor them off the east coast of Númenor and wait for what would happen next. After he sailed west, Amandil was never heard from again, but by taking his advice, Elendil and his sons survived the disastrous [[Downfall of Númenor]] that was the result of Ar-Pharazôn's war. A mighty wind took their ships eastward and swept them onto the shores of Middle-earth. There they set up the realms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. These kingdoms were populated by both the descendants of the Faithful and indigenous Men of Middle-earth.

{{references}}
{{numenor}}
[[Category:Faithful of Númenor| ]]
[[Category:Organizations]]

King's Men

2026-05-03T12:09:32Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{organization infobox
| name=The King's Men
| image = Alan Lee - The Temple of Sauron.jpg
| caption=''The Temple of Sauron'' by [[Alan Lee]]
| pronun=
| othernames=King's Folk, King's Party
| founded=Between {{SA|2221}} & {{SA|2251|n}}
| founder=
| purpose=Supporting the king. Later opposing the [[Ban of the Valar]]
| members=Most later [[King of Númenor|Kings of Númenor]], [[Gimilkhâd]]
| location=[[Númenor]]
| disbanded={{SA|3319}}
| notablefor=Bringing about the [[Downfall of Númenor]]
}}

The '''King's Men''', also known as the '''King's Party'''<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, XXIV ''Tar-Palantir''</ref> and the '''King's Folk''',<ref>{{PM|VI}}, pp. 151, 174-5</ref> were those among the [[Númenóreans]] who were hostile to the [[Eldar]] and will of the [[Valar]] throughout the history of [[Númenor]] during the later half of the [[Second Age]].

The King's Men were composed of the majority of the Númenóreans who followed the policies of [[Tar-Ancalimon]] and his successors to build the pride and wealth of the isle. The opposing party, the [[Faithful]], were the minority group and lived mostly in the west of Númenor.<ref name=Akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> The King's Men received this name because they had the support of most of the Númenórean Kings after [[Tar-Atanamir]], who led the people to a policy of rebellion against the [[Valar]].<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, XIV ''Tar-Ancalimon''</ref> The King's Men became hostile to the [[Eldar]] and the Valar because they envied their immortality and despised the [[Ban of the Valar]]. To compensate for the restriction the Ban placed on their voyaging, they sailed east from Númenor to [[Middle-earth]], where they set up great dominions and colonies in the south among the [[Haradrim]] and laid heavy tribute on them. In this way they amassed much wealth, which they brought back to Númenor.

==Policies==
Because the [[Shadow]] lay heavy upon their hearts, the King's Men greatly feared Death and "sought to delay it by all means that they could". These attempts to escape their fate actually brought death upon them sooner, and the lifespans of their Kings waned. They filled the land of Númenor with great tombs to preserve the memory of their dead. In the meantime, their everyday lives became ever more decadent: to ease their fears, they "drank and they feasted and they clad themselves in silver and gold".

==History==
Though the King's Men had enjoyed generations of favor from the Kings of Númenor, and no doubt helped in oppressing the Faithful as the Kings grew more suspicious of them, eventually a supporter of the Faithful took the Sceptre once again. This King's name was [[Tar-Palantir]]. He wished to return Númenor to a state of friendship with [[Aman|the West]], but the majority of the Númenóreans still clung to the policies of the King's Men. Tar-Palantir's younger brother, [[Gimilkhâd]], sided with his rebellious fathers, however. He took up the leadership of the King's Men and stood in opposition to his brother, but generally kept his doings secret.

It was probably to a few lords of the King's Men that [[Sauron]] came to deliver some of the [[Nine Rings]] of Power, for three of the [[Nazgûl]] were said to be "lords of Númenórean race". Most of the King's Men living in Middle-earth Sauron and his servants assailed, however. Eventually, the last King of Númenor, [[Ar-Pharazôn]] the son of Gimilkhâd, resolved to defeat Sauron in retaliation for this aggression, and he and his men sailed to Middle-earth and captured the [[Maia]].

Once in Númenor, Sauron completed the corruption of the King's Men with ease, inciting them to worship [[Morgoth|Melkor]] and use the few Faithful still living in the land as sacrifices. They also brutally oppressed the Men of Middle-earth during this period. The corrupting power of Sauron affected their minds deeply, so that they became "quick to anger", and hated all those in the land more fortunate than them. Nor did they escape death, for all sorts of sicknesses and mental afflictions assailed them, to the point that they "cursed themselves in their agony". When the Valar sent messages of warning in the form of eagle-shaped clouds to them, they fell upon their faces in great fear, and some repented of their actions for a while. In the end, however, Sauron's mastery over them was so complete that he could walk about the land "setting man against man", and cause them to slay each other. At last, when Ar-Pharazôn had grown old and was in great fear of death, Sauron persuaded him to take a great [[Great Armament|army]] to [[Aman]] and challenge the Valar for immortality. When he did this, his army foundered in the Sea and Númenor was also destroyed.<ref name=Akallabeth/>

Most of the King's Men thus perished in the destruction of Ar-Pharazôn's fleet and the [[Downfall of Númenor]], but those who had taken up residence in Middle-earth survived. The King's Men were afterwards called the [[Black Númenóreans]].<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Eärnil I footnote concerning the conquest of Umbar</ref>

{{references}}
{{numenor}}
[[Category:King's Men| ]]
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[de:Königspartei]]
[[fi:Kuninkaan Miehet]]

Éomer

2026-04-30T10:36:29Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{infobox character
| people=[[Rohirrim|Rohir]]
| name=Éomer
| image=Angelo Montanini - Éomer.jpg
| caption="Éomer" by [[Angelo Montanini]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Éadig''
| titles=[[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| position=[[Third Marshal of the Riddermark]]
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Eorl]]
| language=[[Rohanese]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2991}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|3019}} - {{FoA|63}}
| death={{FoA|63}} (aged 93)
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=[[Éomund]] &[[Théodwyn]]
| siblings=[[Éowyn]]
| spouse=[[Lothíriel]]
| children=[[Elfwine]]
| gender=Male
| height=Around 6' 6"<ref name="Gladden"/><ref name="RC367"/><ref name="RC229"/>
| hair=Darker than most Rohirrim<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Measures}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Gúthwinë]]
| steed=[[Firefoot]]
}}
<center>{{quote|Hail, Éomer, King of the Mark!|Rohirrim<ref name="Partings">{{RK|Partings}}</ref>}}</center>

'''Éomer ''Éadig''''' of the [[House of Eorl]] was the eighteenth [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]] and first of the Third Line. He was the son of [[Théodwyn]], sister of King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]], and [[Éomund]], a Chief Marshal of the [[Riddermark]]. After he and his sister [[Éowyn]] were orphaned, Théoden adopted them as his own children.<ref name="Appendix A">{{App|Mark}}</ref>

==History==
===Youth===
[[File:Anna Lee - Young Éomer and Éowyn.jpg|thumb|left|Anna Lee - ''Young Éomer and Éowyn'']]
Éomer was born in {{TA|2991}} as son of [[Éomund]] and [[Théodwyn]]. When he was eleven years old, his father was slain by [[Orcs|Orc]] raiders in the [[Emyn Muil]]. His mother fell ill and died soon after. His uncle [[Théoden]] adopted him and his sister [[Éowyn]] as his own children and they went to live at [[Meduseld]].

Éomer grew strong and tall and became a valiant and skilled warrior and rider. Théoden made him [[Third Marshal of the Riddermark]] and he was in command of the [[East-mark]] like his father. He had his home at [[Aldburg]] in the [[Folde]], one of the oldest towns of Rohan. With his [[Éored]] he defended Rohan mainly against Orcs from [[Mordor]].<ref name="Appendix A" />

===Struggle against Saruman===
[[File:John Howe - Eomer 2.jpg|thumb|200px|left|"Éomer" by [[John Howe]]]]
But Rohan's enemies were not only at the borders but also within. [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]], the King's advisor, was secretly a spy of the wizard [[Saruman]], who dwelled at [[Isengard]] and had become a servant of [[Sauron]]. Gríma, in secret, worked to weaken Théoden and his kingdom and Théoden fell deeply under his influence. Éomer fell into the King's disfavor, but Gríma did not manage to destroy Éomer's loyalty to Théoden; nor to his cousin, Prince [[Théodred]], whom Éomer regarded as his brother.

In the summer of {{TA|3018|n}} [[Boromir]], son of [[Denethor|Denethor II]], crossed Rohan on his way to [[Rivendell]]. Éomer learned from him about the dream of [[Isildur's Bane]]. Soon after September, evil Men, Orcs and Wargs in Saruman's service began to fight openly against the Rohirrim. Saruman claimed lordship over Rohan and blocked the [[Gap of Rohan]].

The chief obstacles to an easy conquest of Rohan by Saruman were Théodred and Éomer. So came the first great battle in the conflict, the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]], on [[25 February]] {{TA|3019|n}}. After untiring assaults on Théodred's position, the Prince was finally killed, leaving Éomer as the only obstacle.

The [[26 February|day after]] the battle, Èomer gained knowledge of a troop of Orcs entering Rohan from [[Emyn Muil]] to the east. Unbeknownst to Éomer, they were the same Orcs that had taken [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Peregrin Took]] captive. Suspecting an alliance between Saruman and Sauron, he wanted to hunt them down. Under the strong influence of Gríma, Théoden forbade Éomer to pursue the Orcs because Edoras would be left unguarded. But Éomer neglected the order since he already suspected Gríma's treachery, and [[27 February|at around midnight]] he set out from [[Eastfold]] with his [[Éored]]. At the end of [[28 February|the next day]] they caught sight of the Orcs at the border of [[Fangorn Forest]].<ref name="Appendix B">{{App|Great}}</ref> They surrounded them and remained watchful throughout the night. With several small attacks they weakened the troop until another Orc band from Isengard arrived. The Rohirrim defeated them and surrounded the first troop even closer.

With the first light of the new day the Rohirrim proceeded to attack. They killed all the Orcs and Éomer himself slew their leader [[Uglúk]]. The [[hobbits]] meanwhile were able to flee into Fangorn Forest.
Fifteen men and 12 horses did not survive the assault. They were buried in a mound encircled with fifteen spears.<ref name="Uruk-hai">{{TT|Uruk}}</ref>
[[File:Anke Eißmann - The Riders of Rohan.jpg|thumb|250px|right|''The Riders of Rohan'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
On the way back to Edoras, the Rohirrim met [[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]], and [[Legolas]]. Éomer demanded their names and business. Fighting almost broke almost out between them, but Aragorn prevented this. He then told Éomer his true name and showed him his sword, [[Andúril]]. Éomer now listened to the story of their journey, and learned about the losses of [[Gandalf]] and [[Boromir]]. When Aragorn revealed that they had tracked the band of Orcs all the way from the [[Emyn Muil]] in the hope of rescuing the hobbits, Éomer was astonished and gave Aragorn the name "Wingfoot", recognizing the difficulty of crossing so much terrain in so little time. He revealed that his men had destroyed the band of Orcs, and that it was fruitless to go searching for his friends. He instead urged Aragorn to return with him to Edoras to help the people of Rohan in their need, but Aragorn refused and insisted that he be able to continue his search for the hobbits. Although he was counteracting the law of Rohan by letting Aragorn go free, Éomer decided to trust him and he even lent him and his companions two horses, [[Hasufel]] and [[Arod]], to help them in their search, but he asked them to prove his trust by bringing them back to Edoras when their search was over.<ref name="Riders">{{TT|Riders}}</ref>

Upon his return to Edoras, Éomer threatened Gríma, but Gríma arrested him and accused him of breaking the law because he had pursued the Orcs and had allowed strangers to roam freely without Théoden's permission.
[[File:John Howe - Helm's Deep.jpg|thumb|right|500px|[[John Howe]] - ''Helms Deep'']]
Éomer was released after Gandalf healed Théoden from the influence of Gríma. He was delighted to see that his king was recovering quickly from his weakness. Now Gríma's treachery was revealed, but due to Gandalf's intervening he was not killed, but rather expelled from the [[Meduseld|Golden Hall]]. Théoden, now realizing the situation, decided to lead the Rohirrim into battle against Saruman instantly. The [[Three Hunters]] and Gandalf accompanied them when they left Edoras the same day.<ref name="King">{{TT|King}}</ref>

The following day they met the scout [[Ceorl]] who had been sent out by [[Erkenbrand]] to warn Éomer. He was surprised to come across King Théoden's army riding north and brought news that Saruman had let loose his forces and that the Rohirrim had been forced to retreat across the Isen with great losses. These tidings caused Théoden to reconsider his strategy. After consulting with Gandalf he decided to ride to join Erkenbrand at [[Helm's Deep]] while the wizard left them, saying that he would meet them there.

They arrived at Helm's Deep on the night of [[3 March]] and Éomer oversaw the preparations for the great battle. In the middle of the night, the siege began, and when battering rams attacked the gates, Éomer and Aragorn led a sortie through a passage on the side of the Hornburg that drove the enemies threatening the doors away. In the course of this Gimli saved Éomer's life when he killed two Orcs who had ambushed Éomer. The battle continued throughout the night and ever more attackers scaled the walls with large ladders. Aragorn and Éomer had to repeatedly move the defenders, who were getting weary, to repel the Orcs. With the help of a device of Saruman's the Orcs caused an explosion under the wall that made a wide hole in it. From then on the attackers could not be stopped and the defenders were separated. Éomer and Gimli retreated to the [[Glittering Caves]] whereas Aragorn and Legolas defended the Hornburg.

The battle seemed lost when at dawn Gandalf returned with Erkenbrand and 1000 riders from the Westfold. Together they drove the enemies out of the deep and into a forest of [[Huorns]] that had arrived during the night and from which no Orcs returned.<ref name="Deep">{{TT|Deep}}</ref>
After the end of the battle Éomer accompanied his king to Isengard.<ref name="Road">{{HM|TT}}, "[[The Road to Isengard]]"</ref> There they met Saruman who tried to enthral Théoden with his magic voice, but both Éomer and Théoden saw through him and his dark designs. Théoden said that Rohan would have no peace until Saruman and his works had perished. Gandalf then broke Saruman's staff and cast him from the Order of [[Wizards]] and the [[White Council]].<ref name="Voice">{{TT|Voice}}</ref>

===The Battle of the Pelennor Fields===
On [[5 March]] the company set out to Helm's Deep. While they rested in the night Pippin took the ''[[Palantíri|palantír]]'' [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]] from the sleeping Gandalf, looked in it, and was confronted by Sauron. Knowing the peril Pippin was in, Gandalf said farewell to the others and departed with Pippin towards [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="Palantir">{{TT|Palantir}}</ref> The Three Hunters and the Rohirrim continued their journey towards Helm's Deep where they arrived on [[6 March]]. Now Aragorn looked into the palantír and revealed himself to Sauron. Because of what he glimpsed in the ''palantír'', he left the Rohirrim, and took the [[Paths of the Dead]] with the [[Grey Company]]. Éomer was afraid of never seeing him again, but Aragorn predicted that they would "meet again, though all the hosts of Mordor should stand between." before setting out.<ref name="Passing">{{RK|Company}}</ref>

Éomer accompanied his king to the muster of [[Dunharrow]] where he met his sister Éowyn again. Then the [[Red Arrow]] of [[Gondor]], which requested Rohan's aid, was brought by a messenger and the Rohhirim set out in great haste to Minas Tirith.<ref name="Muster">{{RK|Muster}}</ref> They used narrow mountain paths and on [[13 March]] reached Drúadan Forest where they met [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]], the chief of the Drúedain. He agreed to lead the Rohirrim by a secret road past the Orc hosts that laid siege to Minas Tirith.
[[File:Per Sjögren - The Battle of the Pelennor Fields.jpg|thumb|Per Sjögren - ''The Battle of the Pelennor Fields'']]
The Rohirrim arrived on the battleground of the [[Pelennor Fields]] at dawn on [[15 March]]. Éomer led the first Éored that should follow the king's banner in the centre.<ref name="Ride">{{RK|Ride}}</ref> The Rohirrim were strong and filled with wrath and many enemies were slain. The Rohirrim went hither and thither at their will and so Éomer was only brought to Théoden when the king was already mortally wounded. Before his death Théoden hailed Éomer as King of the Mark and Éomer and those who stood by wept. When Éomer recognized Éowyn lying nearby, a cold fury rose in him and without taking counsel or waiting for the approach of the men of the City he led his men across the field, slaying all enemies in their path. As they charged he shouted out "Death! Ride, ride to ruin and the world's ending!".

But soon fortune turned against Éomer and he and his men were encircled. Just in time came the aid of the horsemen of Gondor, among them [[Hirluin|Hirluin of the Green Hills]] and [[Imrahil]] prince of [[Dol Amroth]]. But ever more enemies came from [[Osgiliath]], and when the black ships of the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] came up the [[Anduin]], the battle seemed lost. Éomer rallied the Rohirrim for a last fight against the Corsairs when he realized the standard of Aragorn unfurling on the first ship.
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Eomer and Aragorn (colour).jpg|left|thumb|Abe Papakhian - ''Éomer and Aragorn'']]
The enemies fled when they saw that their own ships were filled with foes and so Éomer met Aragorn in the midst of the battlefield as Aragorn had predicted.<ref name="Pelennor">{{RK|Battle}}</ref>

The battle ended in victory and Éomer learned that Éowyn was not dead, but lay gravely ill in the [[Houses of Healing]]. He also learned that the contact with the [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]] was not the only reason for her sickness but that also her despair had worsened it. Aragorn managed to heal Éowyn and she awoke at her brother's call. Meriadoc Brandybuck was also healed and Éomer made him a Knight of the Riddermark in return for his aid for Éowyn and Théoden.<ref name="Healing">{{RK|Houses}}</ref>

The next day, Éomer took part in the debate of the Captains of the West. There Gandalf told that their hope now lay with [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]], who had gone to [[Mordor]] to destroy [[the One Ring]] wrought by Sauron. Gandalf counselled that they should ride to the [[Black Gate]] in order to force Sauron to empty his land and take the Dark Lord's attention away from his search for the Ring, giving the Ring-bearers their only chance. Aragorn agreed and Éomer followed his friend in return for his aid in their time of need.<ref name="Debate">{{RK|Debate}}</ref>

On [[18 March]] the [[Army of the West|Host of the West]], Gandalf, the Three Hunters, and Éomer among them, set out towards the Black Gate. They [[Battle of the Morannon|fought]] there on [[25 March]] and withstood the forces of the enemy until the Ring was destroyed and Sauron and his servants and works perished.<ref name="Gate">{{RK|Gate}}</ref>

===King of the Mark===
After the great victory, Aragorn set up his camp on the [[Field of Cormallen]] in [[North Ithilien]] and Éomer took part in the celebrations there.<ref name="Cormallen">{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref>
Together with the other Captains of the West he returned to Minas Tirith and attended the coronation of Aragorn on [[1 May]]. A week later he renewed the [[Oath of Eorl]] for Aragorn and both swore everlasting friendship between Rohan and Gondor.<ref name="Steward">{{RK|Steward}}</ref> On [[8 May]] he, with his sister, set out to Rohan, for there was much to organize and to set in order.<ref name="chief">{{app|Chief}}</ref>

Éomer returned to Minas Tirith on [[18 July]] and set out the [[19 July|next day]], bringing Théoden's body back to Edoras. On [[10 August]] the funeral of Théoden took place<ref name="chief" /> and Éomer announced the betrothal of Éowyn to [[Faramir]], the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]] and [[Prince of Ithilien]]. When the feast was over, Éomer and Éowyn gave Merry the name [[Holdwine]], "loyal friend," of the Mark, and the ancient [[Horn of the Mark]], an heirloom of the [[House of Eorl]].<ref name="Partings" />

King Éomer discarded the old offices of [[Second Marshal of the Riddermark|Second]] and [[Third Marshal of the Riddermark|Third Marshals of Rohan]] and instead created the positions of [[Marshal of the West-mark]] (the first of whom was [[Erkenbrand]]) and [[Marshal of the East-mark]] (the first of whom was [[Elfhelm]]).<ref>{{UT|Isen}}, p. 470</ref>

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Sons of Rohan.jpg|thumb|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Sons of Rohan'']]
But though Sauron had perished, the [[King of the West]] had many enemies to destroy before the [[White Tree]] could grow in peace. So Éomer often fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]] and went with King Elessar far into the [[East]] and [[South (disambiguation)|South]] of [[Middle-earth]]. He was known as '''Éomer Éadig''', or "the Blessed", because during his reign Rohan recovered from the hurts of the War and became a rich and fruitful land again. In {{TA|3021}} he wedded Princess [[Lothíriel]], daughter of Prince [[Imrahil]] of [[Dol Amroth]], whom he had met during his stay in Gondor, and she bore him a son [[Elfwine]] the Fair.<ref name="Appendix A" /><ref>{{App|Mark}}, ''Third Line''</ref>

He kept his friendship with his knight Merry Brandybuck and when he became [[Master of Buckland]] in {{FoA|11}}, the King sent him great gifts, as did his sister from [[Ithilien]].<ref name="later">{{App|Later}}</ref>

In {{FoA|63}} Éomer, presumably feeling death coming near him, asked Master [[Holdwine]] to visit him one last time. Both Merry and his friend Pippin came to Rohan and stayed with him until the autumn of that year, when King Éomer died.<ref name="later" />

King Éomer had reigned for 65 years, longer than any other King of Rohan save [[Aldor the Old]]. His son Elfwine the Fair became King of Rohan.

==Personality==
He was tall, strong, and possessed of great passion and also was considered a valiant and splendid warrior and a discerning and decent man. Éomer was "of like height with [[Aragorn]]" (which was probably 6 ft, 6in.<ref name="RC229">{{HM|RC}}, page 229</ref>), due to his grandmother [[Morwen Steelsheen]], who was of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent.<ref name="RC367">{{HM|RC}}, page 367</ref>

==Weapon==
Éomer's sword was called [[Gúthwinë]],<ref name="Deep" /> which is [[Old English]] for "battle-friend".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 85</ref>

==Etymology==
His name is likely derived from the Anglo-Saxon words ''eoh'' ("war-horse"), and ''mǣre'', ("grand, excellent, famous").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 367</ref> Éo- sounds like "eh-ah" with the "ah" just barely pronounced.<ref>{{App|E1iv}}, p. 1117</ref>

He adopted the epithet ''Éadig'' during his kingship, which is an [[Old English]] word meaning "happy, wealthy" and usually translated as "blessed", used for saints in medieval literature.<ref>http://home.comcast.net/~modean52/old_to_new_english_e.htm</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | THE |y| MOR | | | | | | | | |THE=[[Thengel]] ''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]] ''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELF |y| THE | | DAU | | THW |y| EOM | | |ELF=[[Elfhild]] ''d. {{TA|2978|n}}''|THE=[[Théoden]] ''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|DAU=''three daughters'' ''unknown''|THW=[[Théodwyn]] ''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''|EOM=[[Éomund]] ''d. {{TA|3002|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | THE | | LOT |y| EOM | | EOW |y| FAR |THE=[[Théodred]] ''{{TA|2978|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|LOT=[[Lothíriel]] ''b. {{TA|2999|n}}''|EOM='''ÉOMER''' ''{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}''|EOW=[[Éowyn]] ''b. {{TA|2995|n}}''|FAR=[[Faramir]] ''{{TA|2983|n}} - {{FoA|82}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | ELF | | | | | | ELB | | |ELF=[[Elfwine]] ''unknown''|ELB=[[Elboron]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Description==
Éomer was very tall.<ref>{{TT|Riders}}: 'Yes,' said Legolas, 'there are one hundred and five. Yellow is their hair, and bright are their spears. Their leader is very tall.'</ref> He had a beard<ref>{{NM|Beards}}: Men normally had them when full-grown, hence Eomer, Theoden and all others named.</ref> and clear bright eyes.<ref>{{TT|Riders}}: He bent his clear bright eyes again upon the Ranger.</ref>

==Inspiration==
''Eomer'' is an [[Old English]] name appearing in ''[[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]''. Eomer is also an ancestor of [[Wikipedia:Offa of Mercia|Offa of Mercia]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ed/study_a_s_2.html|articlename=Tolkien Society Anglo-Saxon Study Pack 2|dated=2006|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org The Tolkien Society]}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="251px" heights="151px">
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Éomer.jpg|[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Return of the King (1980 film) - Éomer2.jpg|[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]
File:Angelo Montanini - Éomer.jpg|''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'': ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards|The Wizards]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Éomer.jpg[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:LEGO - Eomer.png|''[[Lego|LEGO]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Éomer.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan]]''
File:Andrea Piparo - Éomer.jpg|''[[War of the Ring: The Card Game]]''
</gallery>
'''1956: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:The part of Éomer is played by [[Noel Johnson]].<ref name="RT1723">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1723, [[16 November]] [[1956]]</ref>

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Éomer and his army are shown slaying [[Uglúk]]'s band of Orcs, and later arriving at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] alongside [[Gandalf]] to help turn the tide (Éomer taking the place of [[Erkenbrand]], in that regard). Though his name is mentioned by other characters, he is never officially identified and does not have any lines — nor is any animation superimposed over the rotoscoped live-action.

'''1979: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|The Mind's Eye's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:[[Matthew Locricchio]] plays Éomer.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]], "[[The Search for the Hobbits]]"</ref> He is portrayed as the son of [[Théoden]], rather than the sister-son.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]], "[[The White Rider (1979 episode)|The White Rider]]"</ref>

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:An unnamed Man (who has no lines) flanks Théoden leading into the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], is later present during the [[Last Debate]], and eventually flanks Aragorn as the mustered forces march to the [[Black Gate]]. This character could very well be Éomer, but it is never confirmed.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Éomer is portrayed by [[Anthony Hyde]]. He is imprisoned at the request of [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]], but after the latter's removal from [[Edoras]], he proudly serves beside his uncle in the Battle of the Hornburg and the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Éomer is played by Rainer Schmitt.

'''2002-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Éomer is played by [[Karl Urban]]. He is explicitly exiled by [[Gríma]], and an outcast and renegade until he arrives at Helm's Deep, summoned by [[Gandalf]]. Like [[Ralph Bakshi]]'s film, Éomer replaced [[Erkenbrand]].

'''2002-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Éomer is provided by Ivan Romančík.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Éomer is a hero unit for the [[Rohan]]-faction. His shouts are voiced by [[Chris Edgerly]].

'''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Éomer is first met in the town of Eaworth in the [[Entwash]] Vale. Obligated to bring the player and their companions before the King, he takes them with his [[Éored]] to [[Edoras]]. After learning that [[Fastred (rider of Rohan)|Fastred]] has ignored the order to take his people to [[Westemnet]], Éomer decides to bring the matter to the King directly. However, he is instead stripped of rank and imprisoned by [[Gríma]] while the player is banished from [[Westemnet]]. After [[Théoden]] is released from Wormtongue's spell, Éomer rides towards the [[Fords of Isen]] at his side.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Éomer|Images of Éomer]]

{{References}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born={{TA|2991}}
| died={{FoA|63}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Théoden]]
| list=18th [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|3019}} – {{FoA|63}}
| next=[[Elfwine]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
{{lordoftheringsfilms}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eomer}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Kings of Rohan]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Éomer]]
[[fi:Éomer]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes du nord/rohirrim/eomer]]

User:Ar-Zigûr

2026-04-28T11:50:02Z

Ar-Zigûr:

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'''Utúlie’n aurë! Auta i lómë! Aurë entuluva!'''

User:Ar-Zigûr

2026-04-09T11:47:23Z

Ar-Zigûr:

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'''Utúlie’n aurë! Auta i lómë! Aurë entuluva!'''

User:Ar-Zigûr

2026-04-04T10:42:19Z

Ar-Zigûr:

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'''Utúlie’n aurë! Auta i lómë! Aurë entuluva!'''

Frodo Baggins

2026-03-29T12:14:21Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Later years */

{{short description|Ring-bearer of the Third Age}}{{header image|shire}}
{{Disambig-two|the Ring-bearer|son of [[Samwise Gamgee]]|[[Frodo Gardner]]}}
{{infobox character
| ribbonid = test
| ribboncolor = #90a26f
| people=[[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| name=Frodo Baggins
| image=Matt Stewart - Frodo Baggins.webp
| caption="Frodo Baggins" by [[:Category:Images by Matt Stewart|Matt Stewart]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[#Other names|See below]]''
| titles=
| position=[[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]
| location=[[Brandy Hall]], [[Buckland]] [[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]] [[Crickhollow]] [[Tol Eressëa]]
| affiliation=[[Fellowship of the Ring]]
| language=[[Westron]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=[[22 September]], {{TA|2968}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=53
| notablefor=Bearing the [[One Ring]] to the land of [[Mordor]], and bringing it to the [[Cracks of Doom]]
| family=[[Baggins Family|Baggins]]
| parentage=[[Drogo Baggins]] and [[Primula Brandybuck]]
| siblings=
| spouse=Never married
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=Taller than some Hobbits<ref name="Strider">{{FR|Strider}}</ref>
| hair=Brown<ref group="note">In the chapter "[[Strider (chapter)|Strider]]", [[Nob]] says to Frodo: "And I made a nice imitation of your head with a brown woollen mat"</ref>
| skin=Fairer than most Hobbits<ref name="Strider">{{FR|Strider}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=[[Mithril coat]], [[Elven cloaks|Elven cloak]]
| weapons=[[Sting]]
| steed=[[Strider (pony)|Strider]]
}}

{{quote|And though all the mighty elf-friends of old, [[Hador]], and [[Húrin]], and [[Túrin]], and [[Beren]] himself were assembled together, your seat should be among them.|Elrond to Frodo Baggins in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Council of Elrond]]"}}

'''Frodo Baggins''' was a [[Hobbits|hobbit]] of the [[Third Age]], the most famous of all Hobbits in the histories for his leading role in the [[Quest of the Ring]]. During this epic quest, he bore [[the One Ring]] to [[Mount Doom]] and there destroyed it, giving him renown like no other [[Hobbits|Halfling]] throughout [[Middle-earth]]. He is also peculiar for being, as a [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]], one of the only three Hobbits to be granted passage from Middle-earth to [[Aman]], the [[Undying Lands]].

==History==
===Childhood and youth===
Frodo, child of the respectable [[Drogo Baggins]] and [[Primula Brandybuck]], was born on [[22 September]] of {{TA|2968}}. After his parents died in a boating accident in {{TA|2980|n}}, Frodo went to live in [[Brandy Hall]] with his mother’s relatives, the [[Brandybucks]]. He grew up under the guardianship of the [[Master of Buckland]] [[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac "Goldfather" Brandybuck]], who was his maternal uncle. Frodo was caught several times stealing [[mushrooms]] from [[Farmer Maggot]], who, on the last incident, thrashed Frodo and set his three dogs to chase Frodo from [[Bamfurlong]] to [[Bucklebury Ferry]]. Frodo was terrified of them afterwards.<ref>{{FR|14}}: "''though I daresay the beasts knew their business...''"</ref>

Frodo stayed in Buckland until his "uncle" [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] adopted him and took him in to live in [[Bag End]], Bilbo's house in [[Hobbiton]]. He enjoyed life with Bilbo, with whom he shared the same birthday - though others often called the old hobbit "queer." Bilbo taught him to read, and told him stories of the past, even giving him some instruction in the [[elvish]] tongue. Frodo was the only one Bilbo allowed to read [[There and Back Again|his memoirs]]. Bilbo made Frodo his heir, frustrating the attempts of the disagreeable [[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville-Baggins]]es, who coveted the estate of Bag End.<ref name="party">{{FR|Party}}</ref>

The two went often out for long walks along the lanes of the [[Water-valley]] and talked about adventure; they were sometimes seen by [[Wandering Companies]] of [[Elves]], though the hobbits did not see them. When they returned home, Bilbo would tell Frodo that the Road is like a massive river, and all porches are its "springs" and all paths are its "tributaries".<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref>

Frodo and Bilbo were comfortable and well off until {{TA|3001}}. At this time, Bilbo threw an enormous [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|party]] to celebrate his 111th birthday, and Frodo's 33rd, the date of Frodo's coming of age. At this party Bilbo gave his farewell speech, and made his long-planned "disappearance" and withdrawal from [[the Shire]]. Frodo, who had been informed beforehand of the "joke", as Bilbo called it, was spared the shock that afflicted the other assembled Hobbits. Frodo returned home as the new Master of Bag End, as per [[Bilbo's will]]. He was greeted there by [[Gandalf]], who informed him that, among other things, Frodo had inherited Bilbo's [[One Ring|magic ring]].

===Master of Bag End===
[[File:Eric Faure-Brac - Bag End.jpg|thumb|left|220px|''Bag End'' by Eric Faure-Brac]]
Frodo took charge of distributing the presents Bilbo had left for the other hobbits, a long and tiring task. Then [[Gandalf]] the [[Wizards|wizard]], who had come for the festivities, warned Frodo not to use the magic ring, and to keep it secret and safe. Then he left, Frodo knew not where, with his mind full of curiosity about the ring. A suspicion was growing in the back of the Wizard's mind, but Gandalf did not yet know what it was.

Frodo, meanwhile, was quite well off. He continued honouring Bilbo every year along with his own birthday. He had also inherited some strange customs from Bilbo, like wandering by himself at nights far from home in the hills and woods under the starlight. His closest friends at this time were [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], also [[Folco Boffin]] and [[Fredegar Bolger]], and other cousins from the family of the [[Old Took]]. Like Bilbo, Frodo continued to look robust and energetic even in his forties, and dreamed of one day seeing mountains and wilderness; he often wondered what lay beyond the borders of the Shire, and as he grew older, he would travel further and further from home. His friends were worried, and suspected that he met [[Elves]] and other strangers that had begun to be more common sights in the Shire. These strangers bore strange tales of unrest from lands far-off.<ref name="shadow">{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

Still, he lived in peace and respectability for seventeen years, until Gandalf returned with the dreadful revelation that the "magic ring" was really the [[One Ring]], weapon of [[Sauron]], a thing of evil power thousands of years old. Furthermore, the Dark Lord was now aware of its survival, and would be searching for it, as [[Gollum]] had revealed - under torture - that it was to be found in the Shire. After a long discussion and a test by fire, which revealed the [[Black Speech]] written upon the ring, the two agreed that Frodo would have to leave the Shire for his own safety. [[Samwise Gamgee]], the gardener, was selected to travel with him. Gandalf recommended Rivendell as a destination, as the road was likely safe and the valley well-protected. He told Frodo to take the alias [[Mr. Underhill|Underhill]] while abroad. Frodo was reluctant, but wisely followed the wizard's advice. He bought a house in [[Crickhollow]] as an excuse to head east.

Gandalf stayed for two months while Frodo worked out the details. At the end of that time the wizard left to "get some news", as rather disturbing tidings had come to his ears. He promised to be back for the farewell party. Meanwhile, Frodo was not aware that some of his closest friends were watching him - [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]], his cousin [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]], and Sam himself knew that Frodo and Gandalf were in some trouble concerning the Ring, and that Frodo was preparing for some adventure.

As autumn passed, Frodo was waiting for Gandalf, but did not return and Frodo grew quite anxious. Merry and Fatty drove the cart of Frodo's belongings ahead, while Frodo still waited for Gandalf. At the last possible day, he gave up waiting and departed with Pippin and Sam.

===Hobbiton to Crickhollow===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Last Sight of Hobbiton.jpg|thumb|220px|''Last Sight of Hobbiton'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Less than a day into their journey, Frodo, strangely nervous, requested that the threesome hide upon the approach of a [[Nazgûl|horseman]]. The rider was dressed in black, riding upon a black horse, and making queer sniffling noises. Frodo felt the urge to put on the Ring and vanish, but just as he was about to give in, the rider departed at a trot. Samwise then remarked upon the "[[Nazgûl|Black Rider]]" that had spoken to his father, [[Gaffer Gamgee]], some time earlier. This made Frodo wish that he had waited for Gandalf.

That night, they were again overtaken by a Black Horseman. This time it seemed to be able to sniff out their hiding place. But as it approached, it was driven away by the song of a group of [[Elves]]. Their leader, [[Gildor]], greeted the hobbits warmly, and lauded Frodo for his knowledge of their tongue. Frodo tried to get information from Gildor on the Black Riders, but the elf would tell him very little. Gildor foresaw that Frodo would have many dealings with the Riders in the future, and urged him to flee them whenever he met them. He and his party left the Hobbits before daybreak, while the three slept.

The next day the threesome agreed to stay off the road. After a brief scare when Sam sighted a Rider, they worried about losing their way. That evening they heard a terrible wail, and Frodo distinguished words in it. Before long they came to [[Bamfurlong]], the property of [[Farmer Maggot]]. Although Pippin knew Maggot, Frodo recalled a scare he had received at a young age after caught stealing the farmer’s mushrooms, being threatened with the dogs. He froze when the dogs came forth from the house, but Maggot's hospitality soon won him over. When Maggot told of a Black Rider who had stopped at his house asking for "Baggins," and made several shrewd guesses, Frodo grew uncomfortable. Maggot took them to [[Bucklebury Ferry]] in his wagon. There they joined up with Merry. As they were ferried across into [[Buckland]], they caught sight of a dark shape on the landing from which they had come.

===Crickhollow to Bree===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Under the Spell of the Barrow-wight.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Under the Spell of the Barrow-wight'']]
When they reached the house in Crickhollow, the other hobbits revealed their knowledge of the One Ring and promised to stick with Frodo on the road to [[Rivendell]]. The next morning, leaving Fatty to housesit, they passed into the [[Old Forest]]. In time they were driven by the trees down to the [[Withywindle]], where they were ensnared by [[Old Man Willow]]. Rescued by [[Tom Bombadil]], the hobbits came to his house. There they met Tom's wife, [[Goldberry]], and Frodo was moved to poetry over her loveliness. He was interested in Bombadil himself, and several times tried to learn who he was. That night he dreamed of a white-haired figure on a pinnacle of stone, borne away by an eagle.

The next day Frodo tried on the Ring, after finding it had no effect on Bombadil. Not subject to the Ring’s power, Tom nevertheless could see Frodo. That night Frodo dreamed once more, a dream he never forgot.

{{Blockquote|Frodo heard a sweet singing running in his mind: a song that seemed to come like a pale light behind a grey rain-curtain, and growing stronger to turn the veil all to glass and silver, until at last it was rolled back, and a far green country opened before him under a swift sunrise.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Fog on the Barrow-downs]]"}}

After bidding Tom and Goldberry farewell, the Hobbits went on and traveled through the [[barrow-downs]]. Becoming lost in the mist, they were taken by the [[barrow-wights]], Frodo last of all. Frodo woke in the barrow to find the barrow-wight bending over his three friends. He rose and in a tremendous act of bravery and resilience took a sword and smote off the wight's hand. Then he summoned Bombadil with a [[Ho! Tom Bombadil, Tom Bombadillo!|song]] Tom had taught him. Bombadil drove the wight away and helped Frodo wake the others. Tom gave the hobbits ponies and escorted them all to the road before turning his face back toward the Withywindle. The hobbits continued along the road to Bree, where they took lodging at [[The Prancing Pony]] inn as Bombadil had recommended, with Frodo registering under the name of [[Mr. Underhill|Underhill]] as Gandalf had suggested.

===Strider and Weathertop===
[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Strider in The Prancing Pony.jpg|thumb|200px|''Strider in The Prancing Pony'' by [[Peter Xavier Price]]]]
While Merry went out to take a walk in the night air, the other hobbits came down to the common-room and were introduced by the landlord [[Barliman Butterbur]] to the gathering, Frodo under his alias. Frodo asked if Gandalf was present in Bree, only to learn that he had not yet arrived. While Pippin and Sam enjoyed the drink and conversation, Frodo remained withdrawn, soon falling into conversation with a curious [[Rangers of the North|ranger]] called [[Aragorn|Strider]], who gave him a warning about letting his friends talk to much. Pippin began to tell about [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Bilbo's Birthday Party]], and Frodo, at Strider’s encouragement and in an attempt to prevent the name of Baggins from being raised, began to sing ''[[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]''. This proved popular with the gathering, but unfortunately, as Frodo relaxed, he fell from the table and the Ring slipped on his finger, causing him to vanish.

[[File:John Howe - Against the Shadow.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Against the Shadow'' by [[John Howe]]]]
Frodo crawled over to Strider's corner and slipped off the Ring, and said that he had rolled quickly to the side. The suspicious Breelanders, however, grew angry or frightened, and eventually all left the common-room. Frodo and his comrades retired to their room, where they found Strider waiting to talk to them. Strider was honest and blunt, telling what he had overheard and what he knew of them, as well as warning them of the Black Riders and traitors in Bree. He urged them to accept his aide by inviting him into the company. Frodo was leaning to believe the ranger when Butterbur broke in, giving Frodo the long-awaited letter from Gandalf, undelivered by Butterbur’s forgetfulness. After some little bit of light was shed on the situation to the innkeeper, he swore to help the hobbits in any way he could, as a friend of Gandalf and one very much afraid of Mordor. Frodo, reading the letter, learned that Gandalf recommended Strider as one to whom Frodo could go for help. After some further debate, Frodo agreed to let Strider lead them to Rivendell.

Strider arranged for a deception, by moving them to a different room. The next morning, their ponies were gone and the room was ravaged. Butterbur paid for a [[Bill the Pony|replacement pony]], and the four hobbits and ranger set out into the Wilds. They passed through [[Chetwood]] and [[Midgewater Marshes]], and finally to the [[Weather Hills]] before coming up to [[Weathertop]]. Black Riders were sighted from the top of the cairn, and Strider counselled to remain where they were. Shortly after the Black Riders came, and Frodo was stricken down. In desperation he put on the Ring and saw the [[Nazgûl]] in their true forms. Frodo then tried to attack in [[Varda|Elbereth]]’s name, but their leader, the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]], stabbed Frodo in the shoulder with a [[Morgul-knife]], before being driven away by Strider.

===Weathertop to Rivendell===
Because of a piece of the knife embedded in his shoulder, Frodo started to become ill, so his companions hurried to take him to the [[Rivendell|House of Elrond]]. After journeying for 12 days, they were found by [[Glorfindel]], one of the [[Calaquendi|High Elves]], who was sent by Elrond to help Frodo after he heard of him from Gildor. Glorfindel, seeing that Frodo was starting to fade, put him upon his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and ordered him to go on when the Ringwraiths approached. Asfaloth outran the steeds of the Nazgûl and bore Frodo across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, who was on the brink of becoming a [[Wraiths|wraith]], turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. The Riders, were driven into the [[Bruinen|River]] by Glorfindel, Strider and the three hobbits, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.<ref>{{FR|Flight}}</ref> As a sign that Frodo was shifting to the [[Wraith-world]], he could see the [[Unseen]] [[Light of Valinor|luminous form]] of Glorfindel.

Unconscious, Frodo was carried inside Rivendell, where Elrond removed the fragment of the knife from his shoulder. He awoke two days later, mostly recovered, and was delighted to find that Gandalf had arrived. Frodo's recovery was celebrated with a feast during which he met [[Glóin]] and asked concerning the [[Dwarves of Erebor]]. Afterwards, Elrond led his guests to the [[Hall of Fire]], where Frodo found Bilbo, whom he hadn't seen in seventeen years. Bilbo asked to see the Ring and was saddened to see Frodo's negative reaction. The two hobbits then enjoyed talking about Bilbo's [[Translations from the Elvish|works on lore]] and [[the Shire]].<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

===Fellowship of the Ring===
{{seealso|Quest of the Ring}}
During the [[Council of Elrond]], it was decided that the Ring must be destroyed by casting it into the [[Cracks of Doom]]. Frodo volunteered to be the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]], and a [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]] was formed to protect him; the fellowship included Gandalf, Aragorn (Strider's real name), [[Boromir]] of [[Gondor]], [[Legolas]] of the [[Woodland Realm]], [[Gimli]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], and Frodo's friends Sam, Merry and Pippin.<ref name="council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> Before their departure, Bilbo gave Frodo his sword, [[Sting]], and his [[Mithril-coat]] to protect him on the perilous journey to [[Mount Doom]] that lay ahead.

On [[December 25]], the fellowship left Rivendell, and headed south along the west side of the [[Misty Mountains]]. They attempted to cross them by the Redhorn gate, but were thwarted by a fierce blizzard <ref>{{FR|II3}}</ref> and had to go back. After surviving a [[Wargs|Warg]] attack, Gandalf persuaded the company to go through the abandoned [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] kingdom of [[Moria]]. Just before entering Moria, Frodo was attacked by the [[Watcher in the Water]] and barely escaped. During the journey through Moria, Frodo began to suspect that something was tracking them. Later, inside the [[chamber of Mazarbul]], the Fellowship was attacked by [[Orcs]], and Frodo was struck by an Orc spear but was saved by the mithril coat he wore. The company escaped the chamber, and were close to exiting Moria, when [[Durin's Bane]] appeared and pursued them to the [[bridge of Khazad-dûm]] where Gandalf held him off so the rest of the Fellowship could escape. After breaking the bridge, both he and the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] fell and disappeared into the chasm below, after which Aragorn took over as leader.<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>
[[File:Alan Lee - The Mirror of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|''The Mirror of Galadriel'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Eventually they reached [[Lothlórien]], and were housed by the elves at [[Caras Galadhon]]. During their rest there, [[Galadriel]] allowed Frodo and Sam to look into the [[Mirror of Galadriel]], in which they saw many things.<ref>{{FR|Mirror}}</ref> When leaving the Woods, Galadriel gave Frodo a [[Phial of Galadriel|vial]] with light from the [[Silmaril]] of [[Eärendil]].<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>

They travelled down the [[Anduin]] river in boats given to them by the elves. On their trip down the river, Frodo confirmed his suspicion that they were being trailed by Gollum. At [[Amon Hen]], the Ring's corrupting power caused Boromir to try to take the Ring from Frodo, who escaped by putting it on. Seeing the corrupting influence of the ring on Boromir, he then decided to leave the Fellowship and go on alone, but he was thwarted in this when Sam discovered him attempting to cross the [[Nen Hithoel]], and insisted on accompanying him.

===Emyn Muil to Ithilien===
The two companions reached [[Amon Lhaw]] and toiled through the [[Emyn Muil]]. Soon after, they found Gollum following them, and they captured him with the [[Elven rope]].
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Through the Marshes.jpg|thumb|left|''Through the Marshes'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Frodo decided to trust Gollum to be their guide. He led the Hobbits out of the Emyn Muil and through the [[Dead Marshes]]. During their route, they were delayed several times by a [[Nazgûl]] flying on a [[Fell beasts|fell beast]]. The Hobbits reached [[Carchost]], the western [[Towers of the Teeth|Tower of the Teeth]], where Frodo had intended to enter Mordor, but Gollum persuaded Frodo to follow him to a safer entrance, the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]]. During the next night's march they passed into [[North Ithilien]], and by daylight of [[March 7]] they reached the stream of [[Henneth Annûn]].

Their camp fire attracted the [[Rangers of Ithilien]], and their leader, [[Faramir]] (Boromir's brother), considered them spies and questioned Frodo concerning their errand, who recounted the journeys of the Fellowship, but said nothing about the Ring. Faramir informed Frodo of Boromir's death, implying Frodo's involvement. Faramir blindfolded the Hobbits and led them to Henneth Annûn, a secret Gondorian outpost, and questioned them further in private. After a meal, Sam accidentally revealed that Frodo had the Ring, but Faramir denied its lure, and thus gained the trust of the hobbits.

During the night, Faramir called Frodo and Sam to him, and showed them Gollum, who had found his way to Henneth Annûn, and (ignorant of their presence) was hunting for [[fish]]. Faramir, suspecting that Frodo had lied about Gollum's involvement in their quest, threatened to kill him for fear that he might reveal the location of their outpost to the enemy. Frodo confessed to the part of Gollum in their errand, and begged Faramir not to slay him. Gollum was caught and questioned and then surrendered to Frodo. The following morning Faramir released the three travellers, warning them strongly against taking the pass of Cirith Ungol.

===Entering Mordor===
[[File:John Howe - Shelob About to Leap on Frodo.jpg|thumb|left|''Shelob About to Leap on Frodo'' by [[John Howe]]]]
After two marches they came to the valley of the [[Morgulduin]] and continued east. On the "[[Dawnless Day]]" Gollum lead them east to the [[Southward Road]] and reached the [[Cross-roads]] just as the sun was setting.<ref>{{TT|Journey}}</ref> They reached just opposite the north-facing gate of [[Minas Morgul]] and they saw the Morgul-host march forth.

In that night they ascended the [[Straight Stair]] and reached the top of the [[Winding Stair]] at dawn of [[March 11]] where they were woken by Gollum. He led the up the to the entrance to [[Shelob's Lair]]. Inside the tunnel Gollum betrayed Frodo and Sam to [[Shelob]] the [[Spiders|spider]], who stung Frodo after he left the tunnel. Sam saved Frodo from being eaten by Shelob, but thought him dead and took the Ring from him, resolving to continue the Quest alone. However Frodo (who was still alive) was captured by Orcs and taken to the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]].

===Cirith Ungol to Mount Doom===
[[File:John Howe - Mount Doom II.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Mount Doom'' by [[John Howe]] ]]
Learning of this, Sam rescued Frodo and on early [[March 15]] the Hobbits escaped and jumped into the ravine west of the [[Morgai]] and crossed the valley. The next day they attempted to climb the Morgai, but had to retrace their steps and reached the north end of the valley, and on [[March 18]] they set out on the road that ran to the [[Carach Angren|Isenmouthe]]. There they were overtaken by an Orc troop and had to follow their trot.

As Sauron's troops moved at night, the hobbits continued their journey in daytime towards Mount Doom. During the morning of [[March 25]] they reached the [[Cracks of Doom|Crack of Doom]] where, at the last moment, Frodo, under the influence of the Ring, claimed it as his own. However, at that moment he was attacked by [[Gollum]], who seized the Ring and then fell into the fire with it, thus destroying the Ring.

By then, this pressure of the ring reached its maximum, which was impossible, "especially after long possession, months of increasing torment, and when starved and exhausted." Frodo had done what he could, and by then he was simply incapable of making a conscious decision to destroy the Ring.<ref>{{L|246}}</ref>

===Return home===
Frodo and Sam were rescued by [[Gwaihir]], [[Landroval]] and [[Meneldor]] and taken to [[Ithilien]]. After being healed and having rested for a month, the Ring-bearers were honoured on the [[Field of Cormallen]]. The following months the Hobbits witnessed the coronation of their companion Aragorn as King Elessar, and were present at his marriage to [[Arwen]] that summer. Arwen renounced her [[immortality]] and gave to Frodo her place to sail into the [[Uttermost West|West]]. She also gave to Frodo a white gem on a silver necklace that she claims would aid him when he remembers the fear and darkness of the toll the ring took on him.<ref>{{RK|Partings}}</ref>

Frodo and his company left Minas Tirith on [[July 19]] for [[Edoras]] and the funeral of King [[Théoden]], then set out for the [[Hornburg]] and eventually [[Isengard]]. They parted there from Legolas, Gimli, and Aragorn.

After overtaking Saruman and [[Gríma|Wormtongue]], they reached the [[Mountains of Moria]]; and when they approached [[Lothlórien]], [[Celeborn]] and Galadriel parted from their company. The hobbits, with Gandalf and other Elves, reached Rivendell on [[September 21]], where Frodo met Bilbo once again.

They stayed there until [[October 5]] and eventually visited the ''Prancing Pony'' in Bree before reaching the Shire. At the Buckland Gate Gandalf left them to go and have a talk with Tom Bombadil. Once in the Shire, they reached [[Frogmorton]] where they were arrested. The next day they reached [[Bywater]] where they defeated the [[ruffians]] who had overtaken their land. The leader of the ruffians was revealed to be Saruman, and Frodo decided to let him live, even after he had tried to stab him with a knife. But Saruman did not live much longer, for his servant, Wormtongue, killed him himself (before being killed by the hobbits), thus ending the [[War of the Ring]].

===Later years===
[[File:Francesco Amadio - Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|220px|''Grey Havens'' by [[:Category:Images by Francesco Amadio|Francesco Amadio]]]]
Over the next two years, the travellers reordered the Shire and their lives; but Frodo was still troubled by his wounds, falling ill every [[13 March]] and [[6 October]], clutching the white gem in a manner reminiscent of the One Ring. Frodo served as [[Mayor of Michel Delving]] until [[Will Whitfoot]] was restored in {{SR|1420}}.<ref name="chief">{{App|Chief}}</ref> Having no family of his own, Frodo left his estate ([[Bag End]]) and passed on the [[Red Book of Westmarch|Red Book]] to Samwise Gamgee, who named [[Frodo Gardner|his son]] after Frodo.

On [[September 21]] of {{TA|3021}} Frodo set out for the [[Grey Havens]]. Going south to Woody End he met the [[Last Riding of the Keepers of the Rings]], Elrond, Galadriel, and Bilbo. On [[September 29]] they came to the firth of [[Lhûn]] where Gandalf awaited them, and on the [[White Ship]]<ref name="chief" /> they crossed the [[Straight Road]] into the West. Frodo would spend the rest of his days in "a period of reflection and peace" on [[Tol Eressëa]], giving him the opportunity to truly understand his position in [[Arda]] before passing beyond the [[Circles of the World]].<ref>{{L|246}}: "a gaining of a truer understanding of his position..."</ref><ref>{{L|297}}</ref><ref>{{L|325}}</ref>

==Legacy==
According to [[Elanor Gardner]], Sam followed Frodo across the sea on September 22, 1482 following the death of his wife [[Rose Cotton|Rose (née Cotton)]].<ref>{{App|B5}}: "''Among them the tradition is handed down from Elanor...''"</ref>

At some point well into the [[Fourth Age]], the words "''Frodos Dreme''" appeared scrawled at the head of a poem, [[The Sea-Bell]], within the Red Book, possibly derived from the nightmares that Frodo had before passing into the West.<ref>{{AB|Preface}}: "''It is the latest piece and belongs to the Fourth Age...''"</ref>

==Characteristics==
The only real description of Frodo's appearance was given only once by Gandalf in his letter to Barliman Butterbur, in which he was declared a "stout fellow with red cheeks, taller than some (hobbits), and fairer than most", with a cleft chin, a bright eye, and a perky personality.<ref name="Strider" /> Although Frodo was apparently fairly stout before his journey, he seemed to have lost a significant amount of weight on his trip from Hobbiton to Rivendell.<ref name="Meetings" /> Also, at a later point, Sam remarked that Frodo was "too thin and drawn" for a hobbit.<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>

Frodo carried a small Elven sword called [[Sting]] and wore a coat of Dwarven mail made of ''[[mithril]]'' under his clothes, both given to him by Bilbo. In [[Lothlórien]], [[Galadriel]] gave Frodo, along with all of the Fellowship, an [[Elven cloaks|Elven cloak]], which allowed the wearer to blend in with his natural surroundings, and, to Frodo alone, the [[Phial of Galadriel]], a small crystal phial in which light from the [[Star of Eärendil]] had been captured, to aid him on his quest.

Before Frodo returned to the Shire after the Quest of the Ring was completed, Arwen Evenstar, wife of Aragorn and daughter of Elrond, gave Frodo a white gem on a silver necklace to wear around his neck.

Frodo is said to have shown great "skill with foreign sounds" and probably could pronounce [[Elvish]] correctly, more than other Hobbits (who pronounced long Elvish vowels as diphthongs).<ref>{{App|Vowels}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Frodo Baggins'' is an English translation of his [[Westron]] name '''[[Maura]] [[Baggins Family|Labingi]]'''. The name ''Maura'' has the element ''maur-'' (wise, experienced), which Tolkien equated to the Germanic element ''frod-'' of the same meaning. Frodo's name in [[Sindarin]] was '''''[[Iorhael]]''''' ("old-wise") although in some instance he is mentioned as '''Daur''' (probably [[lenition|lenited]] form of ''[[taur]]'').

''Frodo'' is a real name, which comes from the Gemranic tradition with ''Fróda'' being its [[Old English]] form. It is obviously connected with the Old English word ''fród'', which means "wise by experience", but it was connected mythologically with legends of the Golden Age in the North.<ref>{{L|168}}</ref>

In the German translation he is called ''Frodo Beutlin'', in Spanish, ''Frodo Bolsón'', in French, ''Frodon Sacquet'', or ''Frodo Bessac'' (in the latest translation of the books), in Norwegian, ''Frodo Lommelun'', in Danish, ''Frodo Sækker'', in Faroese, ''Fróði Pjøkin'', in Finnish, ''Frodo Reppuli'', in Swedish, ''Frodo Secker'', in Portuguese, ''Frodo Bolseiro'', in Czech, ''Frodo Pytlík,'' and in Dutch, ''Frodo Balings''. In one of three Polish translations he is called ''Frodo Bagosz'', but he keeps his original name in the other two.

===Other names===
*Frodo Baggins - ''fród'' means "wise by experience" in [[Old English]]. Baggins may have been a reference to [[Bag End]] or may come from "bagging" which means "eating between meals" in northern England.
*[[Maura]] [[Baggins Family|Labingi]] - the [[Hobbitish]] name for Frodo.
*[[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]] - he bore the [[One Ring]] to [[Mount Doom]].
*[[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]] - given to him by [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]].
*[[Mr. Underhill]] - used during his stay in [[The Prancing Pony]] to conceal his identity.
*The Halfling - a name used for him from [[Boromir]]'s dream. Also a title given to him in [[Gondor]] after he accomplished the [[Quest of the Ring]].
*[[Master]] - given to Frodo by both [[Samwise Gamgee]] as Sam was his gardener, and [[Gollum]], as Frodo was the Master of the Precious.
*Nine-fingered Frodo\Frodo of the Nine Fingers - given to Frodo after Gollum bit off his finger.
*Deputy Mayor of [[Michel Delving]] - he was the Deputy from November {{TA|3019|n}} through Mid-Year's Day in {{TA|3020|n}}.
*[[Taur|Daur]] - which translates to "noble" and was given to Frodo at the [[Field of Cormallen]].
*[[Iorhael]] - the [[Sindarin]] name for Frodo which comes from ''[[iaur]]'' meaning "old" and ''[[sael]]'' meaning "wise".

*[[Bingo Baggins]] - Frodo's name in the early drafts of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.
*''Bronwe athan Harthad'' - name given to Frodo by Gandalf in an early version of the ''[[Many Partings]]'' chapter, meaning "Endurance beyond Hope".<ref>{{SD|VII}}: "''the bards and the minstrels should give them new names...''"</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | |BAL|y|BER| |BAL=[[Balbo Baggins]]|BER=[[Berylla Baggins|Berylla Boffin]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree|MUN| | | |LAR|y|TAN|MUN=[[Mungo Baggins]] (grandfather of Bilbo)|LAR=[[Largo Baggins]]|TAN=[[Tanta Hornblower]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |,|-|-|-|v|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | |DOR| |DRO|y|PRI| |DUD|DOR=[[Dora Baggins]]|DRO=[[Drogo Baggins]]|PRI=[[Primula Brandybuck]]|DUD=[[Dudo Baggins]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |FRO| | | |DAI|~|GRI|FRO='''Frodo Baggins'''|DAI=[[Daisy Baggins]]|GRI=[[Griffo Boffin]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Frodo Baggins in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="170px" heights="170px">
File:Frodo.png|Frodo in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:Frodo Rankin Bass.png|Frodo in [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Frodo at the Grey Havens.png|Frodo in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Frodo Baggins and the One Ring.JPG|Frodo in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Frodo Baggins.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Lego LOTR logo.png|Frodo as a ''[[Lego]]'' minifigure
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Frodo was voiced by [[Christopher Guard]]. [[Sharon Baird]] was the model for Frodo in the live-action recordings Bakshi used for rotoscoping.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Frodo was voiced by [[Orson Bean]], who had previously played Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]].

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Frodo is played by [[Elijah Wood]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:[[Elijah Wood]] reprises his role as Frodo Baggins.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> He has a conversation with Bilbo on the day of his 111th Birthday, before setting off to the woods to wait for Gandalf.

===Television===
'''1993: ''[[Hobitit]]'':'''
:Frodo was played by Taneli Mäkelä.

===Radio series===
'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Oliver Burt]] provided the voice of Frodo.

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Frodo is provided by [[James Arrington]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Frodo is voiced by [[Ian Holm]].

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Frodo is played by Matthias Haase.

'''1992: [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|''Tales from the Perilous Realm'' (1992 radio series)]]:'''
:In two episodes telling of the meeting of Frodo and [[Tom Bombadil]], [[Nigel Planer]] provided the voice of Frodo.

'''2001-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:In the first of the three series (seasons), based on ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', the voice of Frodo is provided by Dušan Cinkota. Cinkota was unable to reprise his role after the first series, and the role of Frodo was recast with Ľuboš Kostelný for the second and third series (based on ''[[The Two Towers]]'' and ''[[The Return of the King]]'').

===Games===
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Frodo is one of the playable characters; his story doesn't significantly differ from the book. He is voiced by [[Steve Staley]].

'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]:'''
:Frodo is present in all missions from Sam's perspective: escape from [[Osgiliath]], Shelob's Lair, Cirith Ungol and the Crack of Doom. Completing the game allows to replay those missions from Frodo's perspective.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''
:Frodo is a "Hero" unit of the Free People; his ability to use the Ring and turn invisible makes him ideal for scout missions.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Unlike most other characters, Frodo and Sam make no appearance in Skirmish battles - they only appear in the storyline campaign.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Frodo and other Hobbits are no longer permanent units, they are now a temporary power boost available to Free People forces.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Frodo is first met in Rivendell, preparing for departure. Later, he is found on Cerin Amroth in Lothlorien, weary from the loss of [[Gandalf]]. From [[Amon Hen]] onwards, player experiences Frodo's journey in a series of Session Plays, alternatively playing as either Frodo, Sam or [[Gollum]]. The player meets Frodo again at the [[Field of Cormallen]], he later gives a speech at [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]. A Hobbit actor portrays Frodo Baggins in a Hobbit-made theater play "The Disappearance of Mad Baggins". Notably, the player is not told about Frodo's mission for a very long time, with [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], [[Aragorn]] and others only saying that it is "of great importance".

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Frodo is mentioned as '''"Frodo the Ringbearer"''', one of the much honored heroes of the [[War of the Ring]], in the introduction of the game. In [[The Prancing Pony]] [[Aragorn]] tells that he is waiting on a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] with [[The One Ring|an important burden]], this refers to Frodo and the One Ring.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'', ''Prologue''</ref>
:Later in the game, Frodo appears in [[Rivendell]], but interactions with him do not affect the main plot.

==See also==
*[[Timeline of Frodo Baggins]]

{{References|Notes}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=hobbit
| house=[[Baggins Family]]
| born=[[22 September]], {{TA|2968}}
| died=Sailed west on [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Bilbo Baggins]]
| list=[[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]
| dates=[[22 September]], {{TA|3001}} - [[13 March]], {{TA|3019|n}}
| next=[[Samwise Gamgee]]
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Samwise Gamgee]]
| list=[[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]
| dates=[[14 March|14]] - [[25 March]], {{TA|3019}}
| next=[[Gollum]]
}}
{{seq-end}}{{councilofelrond}}
{{fellowship}}{{FellowshipRoute}}
{{ringbearers}}{{hobbitfilms}}
{{lordoftheringsfilms}}
[[Category:Baggins]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Chroniclers of Arda]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Frodo Beutlin]]
[[fi:Frodo Reppuli]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:bessac:frodo bessac]]

File:Elena Kukanova - Arwen Evenstar.jpg

2026-03-28T09:40:31Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Summary */

== Summary ==
"''[[Arwen|Arwen Evenstar]]''", by [[Elena Kukanova]]

{{blockquote|The braids of her dark hair were touched by no frost; her white arms and clear face were flawless and smooth, and the light of stars was in her bright eyes, grey as a cloudless night; yet queenly she looked, and thought and knowledge were in her glance, as of one who has known many things that the years bring. Above her brow her head was covered with a cap of silver lace netted with small gems, glittering white; but her soft grey raiment had no ornament save a girdle of leaves wrought in silver.

So it was that [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] saw her whom few mortals had yet seen; Arwen, daughter of [[Elrond]], in whom it was said that the likeness of [[Lúthien]] had come on earth again; and she was called Undómiel, for she was the Evenstar of her people.|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[Many Meetings]]"}}

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|Elena Kukanova|[https://www.deviantart.com/ekukanova Elena Kukanova's DeviantArt page]}}

[[Category:Images by Elena Kukanova]]
[[Category:Images of Arwen]]

File:Elena Kukanova - Arwen Evenstar.jpg

2026-03-28T09:36:07Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Summary */

== Summary ==
"''[[Arwen|Arwen Evenstar]]''", by [[Elena Kukanova]]

{{blockquote|The braids of her dark hair were touched by no frost; her white arms and clear face were flawless and smooth, and the light of stars was in her bright eyes, grey as a cloudless night; yet queenly she looked, and thought and knowledge were in her glance, as of one who has known many things that the years bring. Above her brow her head was covered with a cap of silver lace netted with small gems, glittering white; but her soft grey raiment had no ornament save a girdle of leaves wrought in silver.

So it was that Frodo saw her whom few mortals had yet seen; Arwen, daughter of Elrond, in whom it was said that the likeness of Lu´thien had come on earth again; and she was called Undo´miel, for she was the Evenstar of her people.|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[Many Meetings]]"}}

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|Elena Kukanova|[https://www.deviantart.com/ekukanova Elena Kukanova's DeviantArt page]}}

[[Category:Images by Elena Kukanova]]
[[Category:Images of Arwen]]

File:Elena Kukanova - Arwen Evenstar.jpg

2026-03-28T09:28:57Z

Ar-Zigûr:

== Summary ==
"''[[Arwen|Arwen Evenstar]]''", by [[Elena Kukanova]]

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|Elena Kukanova|[https://www.deviantart.com/ekukanova Elena Kukanova's DeviantArt page]}}

[[Category:Images by Elena Kukanova]]
[[Category:Images of Arwen]]

File:Elena Kukanova - Arwen Evenstar.jpg

2026-03-28T09:28:19Z

Ar-Zigûr:

Elena Kukanova

2026-03-28T09:26:24Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{short description|Russian artist}}
{{artist infobox
| image=Elena Kukanova 2026.jpg
| name=Elena Kukanova
| born=[[28 December]] [[1979]]
| died=
| education=
| style=Realistic
| images=[[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Gallery]]
| location=[[Wikipedia:Russia|Russia]]
}}
'''Elena Kukanova''' is a Russian artist<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.deviantart.com/ekukanova/about/|articlename=About EKukanova|website=[https://www.deviantart.com DeviantArt]}}</ref> most notable for her artworks inspired by the writings of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], particularly ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

She was born in [[Wikipedia:Moscow|Moscow]] and educated professionally as an artist in [http://www.glazunov-academy.ru/ Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture] between [[1998]] and [[2004]].

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Images by Elena Kukanova]]

==External links==
* [https://www.deviantart.com/ekukanova Elena Kukanova's deviantART profile]
* [https://vk.com/kukanovaart Elena Kukanova's VK blog]
* [https://www.instagram.com/elenakukanova_art/ Elena Kukanova's Instagram]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kukanova, Elena}}
[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:Russian people]]

File:Elena Kukanova 2026.jpg

2026-03-28T09:26:09Z

Ar-Zigûr:

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|Elena Kukanova|[http://www.deviantart.com/ekukanova Elena Kukanova's DeviantArt]}}

[[Category:Images of Elena Kukanova]]

File:Elena Kukanova 2026.jpg

2026-03-28T09:25:58Z

Ar-Zigûr:

Orocarni

2026-03-24T09:33:39Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{location infobox
| name=Orocarni
| image=Šárka Škorpíková - Rhun.jpg
| caption="Rhun" by [[:Category:Images by Šárka Škorpíková|Šárka Škorpíková]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Red Mountains, Mountains of the East
| location=Far east of [[Middle-earth]]
| type=Mountain range
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=possibly [[Dwarves]]<ref name=Oro/>
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
The '''Orocarni''' (also called the '''Red Mountains''') was a mountain range in the far north-east of [[Middle-earth]] made by the [[Valar]] after [[Morgoth|Melkor]] destroyed the [[Two Lamps]].<ref name=SMA4>{{SM|A4}}, p. 256</ref>

==Geography==
On the western slopes of the Orocarni grew the ''[[Wild Wood]]'', and near a great waterfall of a river that flowed into the Inland [[Sea of Helcar]] lay the bay of [[Cuiviénen]], where the first [[Elves]] woke.<ref>{{S|1}}</ref><ref>{{MR|Annals}}, p. 77, notes §41</ref> At their northern edge, the Orocarni came close to the [[Iron Mountains|Ered Engrin]],<ref name=SMA4/> similar to [[Blue Mountains|Ered Luin]] in the far north-west.

The locations of the four [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] clans who lived in the East are unknown; they might or might not have resided in the Orocarni. The distance between their mansions in the East and the [[Misty Mountains]], specifically [[Gundabad]], was said to be as great or greater than that of Gundabad's distance from the [[Blue Mountains]] in the West.<ref name=Oro>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 301</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Orocarni'' is [[Quenya]] and translates as 'Red Mountains', being a compound of the prefix ''[[ered|oro(d)-]]'' 'mountain' and the plural of [[carnë]] 'red'.<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-291607235.html|articlename=Q. ''Orocarni'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=2026}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2018: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
: Lacking the rights to the name "Orocarni", the game contains mentions of "Ered Cernin", a mountain range in the East which is home to [[Ironfists|Zhélruka]] and [[Stonefoots|Abnúzhu]] clans of Dwarves.

{{references}}
[[Category:Eastern lands]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Rhûn]]
[[de:Orocarni]]
[[fi:Orocarni]]

Old Hope

2026-03-19T20:01:49Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{quote|These things are beyond the compass of the wisdom of the [[Eldar]], or of the [[Valar]] maybe.|[[Finrod]] in ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]''}}

The '''Old Hope''' was a belief held by a group of [[Edain]] in the [[First Age]]. They believed [[Eru]] will enter within the confines of [[Arda]] to [[Arda Healed|heal]] the [[Arda Marred|Marring]] caused by [[Morgoth]] sometimes in the [[Later Ages|future]].

==History==
The group were few, but their number had increased after the coming of the Edain into [[Beleriand]], as in the [[Battles of Beleriand|war of the Eldar]] they saw that Morgoth could indeed be defied, as they thought. However, their hope was not grounded on any of the peoples of Arda, but on the One who created [[Eä]] and was beyond it:

{{blockquote|They say that [[Eru|the One]] will himself come into Arda, and heal [[Men]] and all the Marring from the beginning to the end. This they say also, or they feign, is a rumour that has come down through years uncounted, even from the days of our undoing.}}

During a debate between the [[Wise-woman]] [[Andreth]] and King [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]], she mentioned those of the "Old Hope" after dealing with ''[[Estel]]'' ("[[hope]]"). She denied to be one of them, declaring her incredulity against this belief, but Finrod showed himself more open to it: "If Eru wished to do this, I do not doubt that He would find a way".<ref>{{MR|P4c}}, pp. 321-3</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the previous draft of the ''Athrabeth'', the concept is called "the '''Great Hope'''", and Andreth declares herself one of the group, while it is Finrod who answers with incredulity.<ref>{{MR|P4m}}, pp. 351-352</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Later Ages]]
[[Category:Oaths and prophecies]]
[[Category:Organizations]]

Old Hope

2026-03-19T20:01:31Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{quote|These things are beyond the compass of the wisdom of the [[Eldar]], or of the [[Valar]] maybe.|[[Finrod]] in ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]''}}

The '''Old Hope''' was a belief held by a group of [[Edain]] in the [[First Age]]. They believed [[Eru]] will enter within the confines [[Arda]] to [[Arda Healed|heal]] the [[Arda Marred|Marring]] caused by [[Morgoth]] sometimes in the [[Later Ages|future]].

==History==
The group were few, but their number had increased after the coming of the Edain into [[Beleriand]], as in the [[Battles of Beleriand|war of the Eldar]] they saw that Morgoth could indeed be defied, as they thought. However, their hope was not grounded on any of the peoples of Arda, but on the One who created [[Eä]] and was beyond it:

{{blockquote|They say that [[Eru|the One]] will himself come into Arda, and heal [[Men]] and all the Marring from the beginning to the end. This they say also, or they feign, is a rumour that has come down through years uncounted, even from the days of our undoing.}}

During a debate between the [[Wise-woman]] [[Andreth]] and King [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]], she mentioned those of the "Old Hope" after dealing with ''[[Estel]]'' ("[[hope]]"). She denied to be one of them, declaring her incredulity against this belief, but Finrod showed himself more open to it: "If Eru wished to do this, I do not doubt that He would find a way".<ref>{{MR|P4c}}, pp. 321-3</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the previous draft of the ''Athrabeth'', the concept is called "the '''Great Hope'''", and Andreth declares herself one of the group, while it is Finrod who answers with incredulity.<ref>{{MR|P4m}}, pp. 351-352</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Later Ages]]
[[Category:Oaths and prophecies]]
[[Category:Organizations]]

Terry Pratchett

2026-03-15T09:57:37Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{author infobox
| image = Terry Pratchett.jpg
| name=Terence David John Pratchett
| born=[[28 April]] [[1948]]
| died=[[12 March]] [[2015]] (aged 66)
| education=[[Wikipedia:John Hampden Grammar School|High Wycombe Technical High School]] [[Wikipedia:Beaconsfield|Beaconsfield Public Library]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Smith, Kevin P.|articleurl=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=5185|articlename=Terry Pratchett|dated=20 September 2002|website=[https://www.litencyc.com/ The Literary Encyclopedia: Exploring literature, history and culture]|accessed=}}</ref>
| occupation=Author
| location=[[Wikipedia:England|England]]
| website=[https://www.terrypratchettbooks.com/ Sir Terry Pratchett]
}}

'''Sir Terence David John Pratchett''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] ([[28 April]] [[1948]] - [[12 March]] [[2015]]), more commonly just simply known as '''Terry Pratchett''', was an English author who primarily wrote fantasy fiction. His comic fantasy book series ''Discworld'' frequently parodies, or takes inspiration from, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

On [[22 November]] [[1967]], before the start of his writer's career, Pratchett sent a letter to Tolkien, where he praised ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]'' and expressed his hope to see ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' in the near future, later receiving a warm reply.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]]|articleurl=https://sacnoths.blogspot.com/2023/01/pratchetts-letter-to-tolkien.html|articlename=Pratchett's Letter to Tolkien|website=[https://sacnoths.blogspot.com/ Sacnoth's Scriptorium]|accessed=2026}}</ref>

==Bibliography, selected==
===Articles and short stories===
*[[1991]]: ''[[After the King|After the King: Stories In Honor of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''
**"Troll Bridge"
*[[2001]]: ''[[Meditations on Middle-earth|Meditations on Middle-earth: New Writing on the Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''
**"Cult Classic"

==Quotes==
In an interview with The New York Times, Pratchett was asked “Who are your favorite fantasy novelists?” to which he replied:

{{blockquote|O.K., I give in. J. R. R. Tolkien. I wrote a letter to him once and got a very nice reply. Just think how busy he would have been, and yet he took the time out to write to a fan.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/books/review/terry-pratchett-by-the-book.html?_r=0|articlename=Terry Pratchett: By the Book|dated=|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times]|accessed=12 March 2015}}</ref>}}

In another interview Pratchett was asked: "Why do you feel uncomfortable with being ahead of Tolkien?" and he replied:
{{blockquote|I think Tolkien will be around in a hundred years time but I’m not certain that I will.<ref>{{webcite|author=SFX Magazine|articleurl=http://www.gamesradar.com/interview_terry_pratchett/|articlename=INTERVIEW Terry Pratchett|dated=09 July 2008|website=[http://www.gamesradar.com/ GamesRadar+]|accessed=}}</ref>}}

{{blockquote|[W]hen I was young I wrote a letter to J.R.R. Tolkien, just as he was becoming extravagantly famous. I think the book that impressed me was Smith of Wootton Major. Mine must have been among hundreds or thousands of letters he received every week. I got a reply. It might have been dictated. For all I know, it might have been typed to a format. But it was signed. He must have had a sackful of letters from every commune and university in the world, written by people whose children are now grown-up and trying to make a normal life while being named Galadriel or Moonchild. It wasn’t as if I’d said a lot. There were no numbered questions. I just said that I’d enjoyed the book very much. And he said thank you. For a moment, it achieved the most basic and treasured of human communications: you are real, and therefore so am I.<ref name=Book>Terry Pratchett, ''[[Wikipedia:A Slip of the Keyboard|A Slip of the Keyboard: Collected Non-Fiction]]'', "Cult Classic", pp. 73, 86</ref>}}

He also talked about how influential Tolkien has been in modern fantasy in his essay 'Magic Kingdoms':
{{blockquote|J.R.R. Tolkien has become a sort of mountain, appearing in all subsequent fantasy in the way that Mt. Fuji appears so often in Japanese prints. Sometimes it’s big and up close. Sometimes it’s a shape on the horizon. Sometimes it’s not there at all, which means that the artist either has made a deliberate decision against the mountain, which is interesting in itself, or is in fact standing on Mt. Fuji.<ref name=Book/>}}

==External links==
*{{WP|Terry Pratchett}}

{{references}}

[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Fiction writers]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratchett, Terry}}

Terry Pratchett

2026-03-15T09:56:45Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{author infobox
| image = Terry Pratchett.jpg
| name=Terence David John Pratchett
| born=[[28 April]] [[1948]]
| died=[[12 March]] [[2015]] (aged 66)
| education=[[Wikipedia:John Hampden Grammar School|High Wycombe Technical High School]] [[Wikipedia:Beaconsfield|Beaconsfield Public Library]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Smith, Kevin P.|articleurl=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=5185|articlename=Terry Pratchett|dated=20 September 2002|website=[https://www.litencyc.com/ The Literary Encyclopedia: Exploring literature, history and culture]|accessed=}}</ref>
| occupation=Author
| location=[[Wikipedia:England|England]]
| website=[https://www.terrypratchettbooks.com/ Sir Terry Pratchett]
}}

'''Sir Terence David John Pratchett''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] ([[28 April]] [[1948]] - [[12 March]] [[2015]]), more commonly just simply known as '''Terry Pratchett''', was an English author who primarily wrote fantasy fiction. His comic fantasy book series ''Discworld'' frequently parodies, or takes inspiration from, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

On [[22 November]] [[1967]], being 19, Pratchett sent a letter to Tolkien, where he praised ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]'' and expressed his hope to see ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' in the near future, later receiving a warm reply.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]]|articleurl=https://sacnoths.blogspot.com/2023/01/pratchetts-letter-to-tolkien.html|articlename=Pratchett's Letter to Tolkien|website=[https://sacnoths.blogspot.com/ Sacnoth's Scriptorium]|accessed=2026}}</ref>

==Bibliography, selected==
===Articles and short stories===
*[[1991]]: ''[[After the King|After the King: Stories In Honor of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''
**"Troll Bridge"
*[[2001]]: ''[[Meditations on Middle-earth|Meditations on Middle-earth: New Writing on the Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''
**"Cult Classic"

==Quotes==
In an interview with The New York Times, Pratchett was asked “Who are your favorite fantasy novelists?” to which he replied:

{{blockquote|O.K., I give in. J. R. R. Tolkien. I wrote a letter to him once and got a very nice reply. Just think how busy he would have been, and yet he took the time out to write to a fan.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/books/review/terry-pratchett-by-the-book.html?_r=0|articlename=Terry Pratchett: By the Book|dated=|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times]|accessed=12 March 2015}}</ref>}}

In another interview Pratchett was asked: "Why do you feel uncomfortable with being ahead of Tolkien?" and he replied:
{{blockquote|I think Tolkien will be around in a hundred years time but I’m not certain that I will.<ref>{{webcite|author=SFX Magazine|articleurl=http://www.gamesradar.com/interview_terry_pratchett/|articlename=INTERVIEW Terry Pratchett|dated=09 July 2008|website=[http://www.gamesradar.com/ GamesRadar+]|accessed=}}</ref>}}

{{blockquote|[W]hen I was young I wrote a letter to J.R.R. Tolkien, just as he was becoming extravagantly famous. I think the book that impressed me was Smith of Wootton Major. Mine must have been among hundreds or thousands of letters he received every week. I got a reply. It might have been dictated. For all I know, it might have been typed to a format. But it was signed. He must have had a sackful of letters from every commune and university in the world, written by people whose children are now grown-up and trying to make a normal life while being named Galadriel or Moonchild. It wasn’t as if I’d said a lot. There were no numbered questions. I just said that I’d enjoyed the book very much. And he said thank you. For a moment, it achieved the most basic and treasured of human communications: you are real, and therefore so am I.<ref name=Book>Terry Pratchett, ''[[Wikipedia:A Slip of the Keyboard|A Slip of the Keyboard: Collected Non-Fiction]]'', "Cult Classic", pp. 73, 86</ref>}}

He also talked about how influential Tolkien has been in modern fantasy in his essay 'Magic Kingdoms':
{{blockquote|J.R.R. Tolkien has become a sort of mountain, appearing in all subsequent fantasy in the way that Mt. Fuji appears so often in Japanese prints. Sometimes it’s big and up close. Sometimes it’s a shape on the horizon. Sometimes it’s not there at all, which means that the artist either has made a deliberate decision against the mountain, which is interesting in itself, or is in fact standing on Mt. Fuji.<ref name=Book/>}}

==External links==
*{{WP|Terry Pratchett}}

{{references}}

[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Fiction writers]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratchett, Terry}}

Terry Pratchett

2026-03-15T09:55:46Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{author infobox
| image = Terry Pratchett.jpg
| name=Terence David John Pratchett
| born=[[28 April]] [[1948]]
| died=[[12 March]] [[2015]] (aged 66)
| education=[[Wikipedia:John Hampden Grammar School|High Wycombe Technical High School]] [[Wikipedia:Beaconsfield|Beaconsfield Public Library]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Smith, Kevin P.|articleurl=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=5185|articlename=Terry Pratchett|dated=20 September 2002|website=[https://www.litencyc.com/ The Literary Encyclopedia: Exploring literature, history and culture]|accessed=}}</ref>
| occupation=Author
| location=[[Wikipedia:England|England]]
| website=[https://www.terrypratchettbooks.com/ Sir Terry Pratchett]
}}

'''Sir Terence David John Pratchett''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] ([[28 April]] [[1948]] - [[12 March]] [[2015]]), more commonly just simply known as '''Terry Pratchett''', was an English author who primarily wrote fantasy fiction. His comic fantasy book series ''Discworld'' frequently parodies, or takes inspiration from, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

On [[22 November]] [[1967]], Pratchett sent a letter to Tolkien, where he praised ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]'' and expressed his hope to see ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' in the near future, later receiving a warm reply.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]]|articleurl=https://sacnoths.blogspot.com/2023/01/pratchetts-letter-to-tolkien.html|articlename=Pratchett's Letter to Tolkien|website=[https://sacnoths.blogspot.com/ Sacnoth's Scriptorium]|accessed=2026}}</ref>

==Bibliography, selected==
===Articles and short stories===
*[[1991]]: ''[[After the King|After the King: Stories In Honor of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''
**"Troll Bridge"
*[[2001]]: ''[[Meditations on Middle-earth|Meditations on Middle-earth: New Writing on the Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''
**"Cult Classic"

==Quotes==
In an interview with The New York Times, Pratchett was asked “Who are your favorite fantasy novelists?” to which he replied:

{{blockquote|O.K., I give in. J. R. R. Tolkien. I wrote a letter to him once and got a very nice reply. Just think how busy he would have been, and yet he took the time out to write to a fan.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/books/review/terry-pratchett-by-the-book.html?_r=0|articlename=Terry Pratchett: By the Book|dated=|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times]|accessed=12 March 2015}}</ref>}}

In another interview Pratchett was asked: "Why do you feel uncomfortable with being ahead of Tolkien?" and he replied:
{{blockquote|I think Tolkien will be around in a hundred years time but I’m not certain that I will.<ref>{{webcite|author=SFX Magazine|articleurl=http://www.gamesradar.com/interview_terry_pratchett/|articlename=INTERVIEW Terry Pratchett|dated=09 July 2008|website=[http://www.gamesradar.com/ GamesRadar+]|accessed=}}</ref>}}

{{blockquote|[W]hen I was young I wrote a letter to J.R.R. Tolkien, just as he was becoming extravagantly famous. I think the book that impressed me was Smith of Wootton Major. Mine must have been among hundreds or thousands of letters he received every week. I got a reply. It might have been dictated. For all I know, it might have been typed to a format. But it was signed. He must have had a sackful of letters from every commune and university in the world, written by people whose children are now grown-up and trying to make a normal life while being named Galadriel or Moonchild. It wasn’t as if I’d said a lot. There were no numbered questions. I just said that I’d enjoyed the book very much. And he said thank you. For a moment, it achieved the most basic and treasured of human communications: you are real, and therefore so am I.<ref name=Book>Terry Pratchett, ''[[Wikipedia:A Slip of the Keyboard|A Slip of the Keyboard: Collected Non-Fiction]]'', "Cult Classic", pp. 73, 86</ref>}}

He also talked about how influential Tolkien has been in modern fantasy in his essay 'Magic Kingdoms':
{{blockquote|J.R.R. Tolkien has become a sort of mountain, appearing in all subsequent fantasy in the way that Mt. Fuji appears so often in Japanese prints. Sometimes it’s big and up close. Sometimes it’s a shape on the horizon. Sometimes it’s not there at all, which means that the artist either has made a deliberate decision against the mountain, which is interesting in itself, or is in fact standing on Mt. Fuji.<ref name=Book/>}}

==External links==
*{{WP|Terry Pratchett}}

{{references}}

[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Fiction writers]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratchett, Terry}}

Template:Webcite

2026-03-15T09:54:23Z

Ar-Zigûr:

<includeonly>{{#if:{{{archiveurl|}}}|




{{#if:{{{author|}}}|{{{author}}}, }} "[{{{archiveurl}}} {{#if:{{{archivename|}}}|{{{archivename}}}|archived copy}}]", archived from the [{{{articleurl}}} original] {{#if:{{{website|}}}| at {{{website}}}}}{{#if:{{{archivedate|}}}|, on {{{archivedate}}}}}. Retrieved {{#time: j F Y|{{{accessed}}}}}

|





{{#if:{{{author|}}}|{{{author}}}, }}"[{{{articleurl}}} {{{articlename|}}}]"{{#if:{{{dated|}}}| {{{dated}}}}}, {{#switch:{{{website}}}|Tolkien = [https://www.tolkienestate.com/ Tolkien - The Official Site of the Tolkien Estate]|TORN = [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net]|TBDDF = [https://forum.barrowdowns.com/ The Barrow-Downs Discussion Forum]|BBC = [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news BBC News]|TL = [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com Tolkien Library]|TB = [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/ TolkienBooks.net]|Games = [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/ Tolkien computer games]|Arda = [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/ Ardalambion]|Guide = [http://www.tolkienguide.com/ Tolkien Collector's Guide]|Lalaith = [http://lalaithmesp.blogspot.com/ Lalaith's Middle-earth Science Pages]|FAQ = [http://tolkien.slimy.com/ Tolkien Meta-FAQ]|Magpie = [http://www.amagpiesnest.com/main.htm A Magpie's Nest]|ELF = [http://www.elvish.org/ The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]|Telegraph = [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph]|Guardian = [http://www.guardian.co.uk/ The Guardian]|Kotaku = [http://www.kotaku.com Kotaku]|Independent = [http://www.independent.co.uk/ The Independent]|HS = [http://www.hammondandscull.com/index.html Hammond&Scull.com]|HSBlog = [https://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/ Too Many Books and Never Enough]|AM = [http://www.amazon.com/ref=gno_logo Amazon.com]|AMUK = [http://www.amazon.co.uk/ref=gno_logo Amazon.co.uk]|FB = [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|YT = [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube]|Forod = [http://www.forodrim.org/index_en.html Forodrim.org]|MEN = [http://news.mymiddleearth.com/ Middle-earth Network News]|Plaza = [http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/default.asp ''The Lord of the Rings'' Fanatics Plaza: Forum]|Reddit = [https://www.reddit.com/ Reddit - The heart of the internet]|X = [https://x.com/ X. It's what's happening]|TM = [http://www.tolkien-music.com/ The Tolkien Music List]|Sac = [http://sacnoths.blogspot.se/ Sacnoth's Scriptorium]|Lingwe = [https://lingwe.blogspot.com/ Lingwë - Musings of a Fish]|Elfling = [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/elfling/ Elfling mailing list]|EoA = [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda]|Lambe = [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/ Lambengolmor mailing list]|Mythsoc = [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mythsoc/ Mailing list for the Mythopoeic Society]|TS = [http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|LOTRO = [http://www.lotro.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'']|LOTROW = [http://lotro-wiki.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'' Wiki]|BT = [http://www.bosworthtoller.com ''Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'']|Eldamo = [http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]|Academia = [https://www.academia.edu Academia.edu]|IMDB = [https://www.imdb.com/ IMDb.com]|Wiki = [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]|#default = {{{website}}}}}{{#if:{{{accessed|}}}|, accessed {{#time: j F Y|{{{accessed}}}}}}}

}}
</includeonly>

<noinclude>{{Hatnote|icon=cdxIconHand.svg|color=red|Please use [[Template:Cite web]] instead.}}
==Usage==
<pre>
{{webcite |author= |articleurl= |articlename= |dated= |website= |accessed= |archiveurl= |archivename= |archivedate=}}
</pre>

Where:
*'''author''' – author of the article (optional)
*'''articleurl''' – URL of the article
*'''articlename''' – name of the article (optional)
*'''dated''' – publication date (optional)
*'''website''' – name/ID of the website (uses preset list below)
*'''accessed''' – date you retrieved the article
*'''archiveurl''' – URL of the archived version (optional)
*'''archivename''' – link text for the archived version (optional; defaults to archived webcite version)
*'''archivedate''' – date the article was archived (optional)

===Default Websites===
You can put these in the "website" field and the name + URL will be automatically filled in:
*'''Academia''' = [https://www.academia.edu Academia.edu]
*'''AM''' = [http://www.amazon.com/ref=gno_logo Amazon.com]
*'''AMUK''' = [http://www.amazon.co.uk/ref=gno_logo Amazon.co.uk]
*'''Arda''' = [https://ardalambion.net/ Ardalambion - Of the Tongues of Arda, the invented world of J.R.R. Tolkien]
*'''BBC''' = [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news BBC News]
*'''BT''' = [http://www.bosworthtoller.com ''Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'']
*'''Eldamo''' = [http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]
*'''ELF''' = [http://www.elvish.org/ The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]
*'''Elfling''' = [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/elfling/ Elfling mailing list]
*'''EoA''' = [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda]
*'''FB''' = [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]
*'''Forod''' = [http://www.forodrim.org/index_en.html Forodrim.org]
*'''FAQ''' = [http://tolkien.slimy.com/ Tolkien Meta-FAQ]
*'''Games''' = [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/ Tolkien computer games]
*'''Guardian''' = [http://www.guardian.co.uk/ The Guardian]
*'''Guide''' = [http://www.tolkienguide.com/ Tolkien Collector's Guide]
*'''HS''' = [http://www.hammondandscull.com/index.html Hammond&Scull.com]
*'''HSBlog''' = [https://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/ Too Many Books and Never Enough]
*'''IMDB''' = [https://www.imdb.com/ IMDb.com]
*'''Independent''' = [http://www.independent.co.uk/ The Independent]
*'''Kotaku''' = [http://www.kotaku.com Kotaku]
*'''Lalaith''' = [http://lalaithmesp.blogspot.com/ Lalaith's Middle-earth Science Pages]
*'''Lambe''' = [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/ Lambengolmor mailing list]
*'''Lingwe''' = [https://lingwe.blogspot.com/ Lingwë - Musings of a Fish]
*'''LOTRO''' = [http://www.lotro.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'']
*'''LOTROW''' = [http://lotro-wiki.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'' Wiki]
*'''Magpie''' = [http://www.amagpiesnest.com/main.htm A Magpie's Nest]
*'''MEN''' = [http://news.mymiddleearth.com/ Middle-earth Network News]
*'''Mythsoc''' = [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mythsoc/ Mailing list for the Mythopoeic Society]
*'''Plaza''' = [http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/default.asp ''The Lord of the Rings'' Fanatics Plaza: Forum]
*'''Reddit''' = [https://www.reddit.com/ Reddit - The heart of the internet]
*'''X''' = [https://x.com/ X. It's what's happening]
*'''Sac''' = [http://sacnoths.blogspot.se/ Sacnoth's Scriptorium]
*'''TB''' = [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/ TolkienBooks.net]
*'''TBDDF''' = [https://forum.barrowdowns.com/ The Barrow-Downs Discussion Forum]
*'''Telegraph''' = [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph]
*'''TL''' = [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com Tolkien Library]
*'''TM''' = [http://www.tolkien-music.com/ The Tolkien Music List]
*'''Tolkien''' = [https://www.tolkienestate.com/ Tolkien - The Official Site of the Tolkien Estate]
*'''TORN''' = [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net]
*'''TS''' = [http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]
*'''YT''' = [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube]
*'''Wiki''' = [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]

[[Category:Citation templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Webcite

2026-03-15T09:51:24Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Default Websites */

<includeonly>{{#if:{{{archiveurl|}}}|




{{#if:{{{author|}}}|{{{author}}}, }} "[{{{archiveurl}}} {{#if:{{{archivename|}}}|{{{archivename}}}|archived copy}}]", archived from the [{{{articleurl}}} original] {{#if:{{{website|}}}| at {{{website}}}}}{{#if:{{{archivedate|}}}|, on {{{archivedate}}}}}. Retrieved {{#time: j F Y|{{{accessed}}}}}

|





{{#if:{{{author|}}}|{{{author}}}, }}"[{{{articleurl}}} {{{articlename|}}}]"{{#if:{{{dated|}}}| {{{dated}}}}}, {{#switch:{{{website}}}|Tolkien = [https://www.tolkienestate.com/ Tolkien - The Official Site of the Tolkien Estate]|TORN = [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net]|TBDDF = [https://forum.barrowdowns.com/ The Barrow-Downs Discussion Forum]|BBC = [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news BBC News]|TL = [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com Tolkien Library]|TB = [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/ TolkienBooks.net]|Games = [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/ Tolkien computer games]|Arda = [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/ Ardalambion]|Guide = [http://www.tolkienguide.com/ Tolkien Collector's Guide]|Lalaith = [http://lalaithmesp.blogspot.com/ Lalaith's Middle-earth Science Pages]|FAQ = [http://tolkien.slimy.com/ Tolkien Meta-FAQ]|Magpie = [http://www.amagpiesnest.com/main.htm A Magpie's Nest]|ELF = [http://www.elvish.org/ The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]|Telegraph = [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph]|Guardian = [http://www.guardian.co.uk/ The Guardian]|Kotaku = [http://www.kotaku.com Kotaku]|Independent = [http://www.independent.co.uk/ The Independent]|HS = [http://www.hammondandscull.com/index.html Hammond&Scull.com]|HSBlog = [https://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/ Too Many Books and Never Enough]|AM = [http://www.amazon.com/ref=gno_logo Amazon.com]|AMUK = [http://www.amazon.co.uk/ref=gno_logo Amazon.co.uk]|FB = [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|YT = [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube]|Forod = [http://www.forodrim.org/index_en.html Forodrim.org]|MEN = [http://news.mymiddleearth.com/ Middle-earth Network News]|Plaza = [http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/default.asp ''The Lord of the Rings'' Fanatics Plaza: Forum]|Reddit = [https://www.reddit.com/ Reddit - The heart of the internet]|X = [https://x.com/ X. It's what's happening]|TM = [http://www.tolkien-music.com/ The Tolkien Music List]|Sac = [http://sacnoths.blogspot.se/ Sacnoth's Scriptorium]|Lingwe = [https://lingwe.blogspot.com/ Lingwë - Musings of a Fish]|Elfling = [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/elfling/ Elfling mailing list]|EoA = [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda]|Lambe = [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/ Lambengolmor mailing list]|Mythsoc = [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mythsoc/ Mailing list for the Mythopoeic Society]|TS = [http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|LOTRO = [http://www.lotro.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'']|LOTROW = [http://lotro-wiki.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'' Wiki]|BT = [http://www.bosworthtoller.com ''Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'']|Eldamo = [http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]|Academia = [https://www.academia.edu Academia.edu]|IMDB = [https://www.imdb.com/ IMDb.com]|Wiki = [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]|#default = {{{website}}}}}{{#if:{{{accessed|}}}|, accessed {{#time: j F Y|{{{accessed}}}}}}}

}}
</includeonly>

<noinclude>{{Hatnote|icon=cdxIconHand.svg|color=red|Please use [[Template:Cite web]] instead.}}
==Usage==
<pre>
{{webcite |author= |articleurl= |articlename= |dated= |website= |accessed= |archiveurl= |archivename= |archivedate=}}
</pre>

Where:
*'''author''' – author of the article (optional)
*'''articleurl''' – URL of the article
*'''articlename''' – name of the article (optional)
*'''dated''' – publication date (optional)
*'''website''' – name/ID of the website (uses preset list below)
*'''accessed''' – date you retrieved the article
*'''archiveurl''' – URL of the archived version (optional)
*'''archivename''' – link text for the archived version (optional; defaults to archived webcite version)
*'''archivedate''' – date the article was archived (optional)

===Default Websites===
You can put these in the "website" field and the name + URL will be automatically filled in:
*'''Academia''' = [https://www.academia.edu Academia.edu]
*'''AM''' = [http://www.amazon.com/ref=gno_logo Amazon.com]
*'''AMUK''' = [http://www.amazon.co.uk/ref=gno_logo Amazon.co.uk]
*'''Arda''' = [https://ardalambion.net/ Ardalambion - Of the Tongues of Arda, the invented world of J.R.R. Tolkien]
*'''BBC''' = [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news BBC News]
*'''Blogspot''' = [http://www.blogger.com Blogspot.com]
*'''BT''' = [http://www.bosworthtoller.com ''Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'']
*'''Eldamo''' = [http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]
*'''ELF''' = [http://www.elvish.org/ The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]
*'''Elfling''' = [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/elfling/ Elfling mailing list]
*'''EoA''' = [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ The Encyclopedia of Arda]
*'''FB''' = [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]
*'''Forod''' = [http://www.forodrim.org/index_en.html Forodrim.org]
*'''FAQ''' = [http://tolkien.slimy.com/ Tolkien Meta-FAQ]
*'''Games''' = [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/ Tolkien computer games]
*'''Guardian''' = [http://www.guardian.co.uk/ The Guardian]
*'''Guide''' = [http://www.tolkienguide.com/ Tolkien Collector's Guide]
*'''HS''' = [http://www.hammondandscull.com/index.html Hammond&Scull.com]
*'''HSBlog''' = [https://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/ Too Many Books and Never Enough]
*'''IMDB''' = [https://www.imdb.com/ IMDb.com]
*'''Independent''' = [http://www.independent.co.uk/ The Independent]
*'''Kotaku''' = [http://www.kotaku.com Kotaku]
*'''Lalaith''' = [http://lalaithmesp.blogspot.com/ Lalaith's Middle-earth Science Pages]
*'''Lambe''' = [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/ Lambengolmor mailing list]
*'''Lingwe''' = [https://lingwe.blogspot.com/ Lingwë - Musings of a Fish]
*'''LOTRO''' = [http://www.lotro.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'']
*'''LOTROW''' = [http://lotro-wiki.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'' Wiki]
*'''Magpie''' = [http://www.amagpiesnest.com/main.htm A Magpie's Nest]
*'''MEN''' = [http://news.mymiddleearth.com/ Middle-earth Network News]
*'''Mythsoc''' = [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mythsoc/ Mailing list for the Mythopoeic Society]
*'''Plaza''' = [http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/default.asp ''The Lord of the Rings'' Fanatics Plaza: Forum]
*'''Reddit''' = [https://www.reddit.com/ Reddit - The heart of the internet]
*'''X''' = [https://x.com/ X. It's what's happening]
*'''Sac''' = [http://sacnoths.blogspot.se/ Sacnoth's Scriptorium]
*'''TB''' = [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/ TolkienBooks.net]
*'''TBDDF''' = [https://forum.barrowdowns.com/ The Barrow-Downs Discussion Forum]
*'''Telegraph''' = [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph]
*'''TL''' = [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com Tolkien Library]
*'''TM''' = [http://www.tolkien-music.com/ The Tolkien Music List]
*'''Tolkien''' = [https://www.tolkienestate.com/ Tolkien - The Official Site of the Tolkien Estate]
*'''TORN''' = [http://www.theonering.net TheOneRing.net]
*'''TS''' = [http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]
*'''YT''' = [http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube]
*'''Wiki''' = [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]

[[Category:Citation templates]]
</noinclude>

Terry Pratchett

2026-03-15T09:49:52Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{author infobox
| image = Terry Pratchett.jpg
| name=Terence David John Pratchett
| born=[[28 April]] [[1948]]
| died=[[12 March]] [[2015]] (aged 66)
| education=[[Wikipedia:John Hampden Grammar School|High Wycombe Technical High School]] [[Wikipedia:Beaconsfield|Beaconsfield Public Library]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Smith, Kevin P.|articleurl=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=5185|articlename=Terry Pratchett|dated=20 September 2002|website=[https://www.litencyc.com/ The Literary Encyclopedia: Exploring literature, history and culture]|accessed=}}</ref>
| occupation=Author
| location=[[Wikipedia:England|England]]
| website=[https://www.terrypratchettbooks.com/ Sir Terry Pratchett]
}}

'''Sir Terence David John Pratchett''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] ([[28 April]] [[1948]] - [[12 March]] [[2015]]), more commonly just simply known as '''Terry Pratchett''', was an English author who primarily wrote fantasy fiction. His comic fantasy book series ''Discworld'' frequently parodies, or takes inspiration from, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

On [[22 November]] [[1967]], Pratchett sent a letter to Tolkien, where he praised ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]'' and expressed his hope to see ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' in the near future, later receiving a warm reply.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]]|articleurl=https://sacnoths.blogspot.com/2023/01/pratchetts-letter-to-tolkien.html|articlename=Pratchett's Letter to Tolkien|website=Blogspot|accessed=2026}}</ref>

==Bibliography, selected==
===Articles and short stories===
*[[1991]]: ''[[After the King|After the King: Stories In Honor of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''
**"Troll Bridge"
*[[2001]]: ''[[Meditations on Middle-earth|Meditations on Middle-earth: New Writing on the Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''
**"Cult Classic"

==Quotes==
In an interview with The New York Times, Pratchett was asked “Who are your favorite fantasy novelists?” to which he replied:

{{blockquote|O.K., I give in. J. R. R. Tolkien. I wrote a letter to him once and got a very nice reply. Just think how busy he would have been, and yet he took the time out to write to a fan.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/books/review/terry-pratchett-by-the-book.html?_r=0|articlename=Terry Pratchett: By the Book|dated=|website=[http://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times]|accessed=12 March 2015}}</ref>}}

In another interview Pratchett was asked: "Why do you feel uncomfortable with being ahead of Tolkien?" and he replied:
{{blockquote|I think Tolkien will be around in a hundred years time but I’m not certain that I will.<ref>{{webcite|author=SFX Magazine|articleurl=http://www.gamesradar.com/interview_terry_pratchett/|articlename=INTERVIEW Terry Pratchett|dated=09 July 2008|website=[http://www.gamesradar.com/ GamesRadar+]|accessed=}}</ref>}}

{{blockquote|[W]hen I was young I wrote a letter to J.R.R. Tolkien, just as he was becoming extravagantly famous. I think the book that impressed me was Smith of Wootton Major. Mine must have been among hundreds or thousands of letters he received every week. I got a reply. It might have been dictated. For all I know, it might have been typed to a format. But it was signed. He must have had a sackful of letters from every commune and university in the world, written by people whose children are now grown-up and trying to make a normal life while being named Galadriel or Moonchild. It wasn’t as if I’d said a lot. There were no numbered questions. I just said that I’d enjoyed the book very much. And he said thank you. For a moment, it achieved the most basic and treasured of human communications: you are real, and therefore so am I.<ref name=Book>Terry Pratchett, ''[[Wikipedia:A Slip of the Keyboard|A Slip of the Keyboard: Collected Non-Fiction]]'', "Cult Classic", pp. 73, 86</ref>}}

He also talked about how influential Tolkien has been in modern fantasy in his essay 'Magic Kingdoms':
{{blockquote|J.R.R. Tolkien has become a sort of mountain, appearing in all subsequent fantasy in the way that Mt. Fuji appears so often in Japanese prints. Sometimes it’s big and up close. Sometimes it’s a shape on the horizon. Sometimes it’s not there at all, which means that the artist either has made a deliberate decision against the mountain, which is interesting in itself, or is in fact standing on Mt. Fuji.<ref name=Book/>}}

==External links==
*{{WP|Terry Pratchett}}

{{references}}

[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Fiction writers]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratchett, Terry}}

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2026-03-15T09:49:26Z

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<noinclude>{{Hatnote|icon=cdxIconHand.svg|color=red|Please use [[Template:Cite web]] instead.}}
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</noinclude>

History of Arda

2026-03-12T07:48:44Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{History of Arda}}
The '''History of [[Arda]]''' is divided into three time periods, known as the [[Days before days]], [[Years of the Trees]] and [[Years of the Sun]]. A separate, overlapping chronology divides the history into '[[Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar]]'. The first such Age began with the [[Awakening of the Elves]] during the Years of the Trees and continued for the first six centuries of the Years of the Sun. All the subsequent Ages took place during the Years of the Sun. Most Middle-earth stories take place in the first three Ages of the Children of Iluvatar.

===Music of the Ainur===
{{main|Music of the Ainur}}

The supreme deity of Tolkien's universe is called [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]]. In the beginning, Ilúvatar created spirits named the [[Ainur]]. Ilúvatar made divine music with them. [[Morgoth|Melkor]], who was then one of the Ainur, broke the harmony of the music, until Ilúvatar began a third theme which the Ainur could not comprehend since they were not the source of it. The essence of their song symbolized the history of the whole universe and the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] that were to dwell in it — the [[Men]] and the [[Elves]].

Then Ilúvatar created [[Eä]], the universe itself, and the Ainur formed within it Arda, the Earth, "globed within the void": the world together with the airs is set apart from ''Kuma'', the "void" without. The first 15 of the Ainur that descended to Arda, and the most powerful ones, were called Valar, and the Ainur of lesser might that followed were called Maiar.

===Days before days===
{{main|Days before days}}

The '''Days before days''' began shortly after the creation of Arda by the [[Valar]]. After the Valar entered the world, there was a light veiling the ground. The Valar took this light and concentrated it into two large lamps, [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. In a version, the Vala [[Morgoth|Melkor]] forged great pillars, one in the furthest north, and another in the deepest south. The Valar lived in the middle, at the island of [[Almaren]]. The end of the Days before days was marked by [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s destruction of the Two Lamps.

====Spring of Arda====
{{main|Spring of Arda}}
The '''Spring of Arda''' was a period of peace and flourishing during the Days before days that started when the [[First War]] between the Valar ended.

===Years of the Trees===
{{main|Years of the Trees}}

Shortly after the destruction of the Two Lamps, [[Yavanna]] made the [[Two Trees]], named [[Telperion]] (the silver tree) and [[Laurelin]] (the gold tree) in the land of [[Aman]], where the Valar now lived. The Trees illumined Aman, leaving Middle-earth in darkness.

The [[Awakening of the Elves|Elves awoke]] in [[Cuiviénen]] when the stars were Rekindled, beginning the [[Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar]]. Many, though not all, of the [[Elves]] were persuaded to go on the [[Great Journey]] westwards towards Aman. Along the journey several groups of Elves tarried, notably the [[Nandor]] and the [[Sindar]]. The three clans that arrived at Aman were the [[Vanyar]], [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and the [[Teleri]].

The Valar had captured Melkor and placed him in chains in Aman. After he appeared to repent and was released, he sowed great discord among the Elves, and stirred up rivalry between the Ñoldorin King [[Finwë]]'s two sons [[Fëanor]] and [[Fingolfin]]. Out of jealousy and hatred for the Silmarils—three gems crafted by Feänor that contained the light of the Two Trees—he stole them, killing Finwë who was guarding the jewels; then with the help of the creature [[Ungoliant]] he destroyed the Two Trees and escaped to Middle-earth.

Bitter at the Valar's inactivity, Feänor and his house left to pursue Melkor, cursing him with the name 'Morgoth'. A larger host, commanded by [[Fingolfin]] followed him. They reached the Telerin port-city of [[Alqualondë]], and were forbidden to use the Telerin ships. Feänor decided to take them by force and thus the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|first Kinslaying]] ensued and only by the strength in numbers were the Teleri overcome and their fair ships stolen.

Feänor's host sailed on the vessels, and burned them when he arrived in Middle-earth. Left behind, Fingolfin and his company crossed over to Middle-earth through [[Helcaraxë|the Grinding Ice]] in the far north. Around the same time, but separately, Galadriel and Celeborn set sail for Middle-earth without the permission of the Valar.

===Years of the Sun===
{{main|Years of the Sun}}
The Years of the Sun began when the Valar made the Sun and the Moon out of the final fruit of [[Laurelin]] and the final flower of [[Telperion]] and set them in the heavens. Thereafter years were reckoned in Middle-earth as they are in our own real world. The First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar continued into this new reckoning of time.

==== First Age's Years of the Sun ====
{{main|First Age}}

Feänor was soon lost in an attack on Morgoth's [[Balrogs]] - but his sons survived, and founded realms; the kingdoms of the House of Fingolfin.

The Long Peace lasted hundreds of years; during which time [[Men]] arrived over the [[Blue Mountains]]. But the peace was not to last; and one by one the kingdoms — even the hidden ones of [[Gondolin]] and [[Doriath]] — fell.

At the end of the age, all that remained of free Elves and Men in [[Beleriand]] was a settlement at the mouth of the River [[Sirion]] and another settlement on the isle of Balar. [[Eärendil]] had possession of a Silmaril, which his wife [[Elwing]]'s ancestors [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] had taken from Morgoth. But the Feänorians had a claim on the Silmaril still and so there was another Kinslaying. Eärendil and Elwing took the Silmaril across the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]], to beg the Valar for aid.

They responded. Melkor was exiled into the Void; and most of his works were destroyed. This came at a terrible cost, as [[Beleriand]] itself was sunk.

====Second Age====
{{main|Second Age}}

The Men who had remained faithful were given the island of [[Númenor]], in the middle of the Great Sea; whilst the Elves were allowed to return home.

The Númenoreans became great seafarers, but became jealous of the Elves for their immortality. Meanwhile, in Middle-earth it became apparent that [[Sauron]], Morgoth's chief servant, was still active. He worked with Elven smiths in [[Eregion]] on the craft of rings, and forged [[the One Ring]] to dominate them all. The Elves noticed this and removed theirs.

Towards the end of the age, the Númenoreans were growing increasingly proud. King [[Ar-Pharazôn]] humbled even Sauron and brought him to Númenor as a hostage. Sauron worked his way into Pharazôn's court, and became high priest in a cult of Melkor. Eventually, Pharazôn was persuaded to attempt to invade Aman, promised that immortality would result.

[[Amandil]], chief of the faithful, sailed westward to warn the Valar of this. His son [[Elendil]] and grandsons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] prepared to flee eastwards. When the King's men had landed on Aman, the Valar lay down their guardianship of the world and called for Ilúvatar to intervene.

The world was changed into a sphere, and the straight road from Middle-earth to Aman was broken. Númenor was utterly destroyed, as was the fair body of Sauron. Elendil and his sons founded the realms of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]].

Sauron arose again and challenged them. The Elves allied with the Men to form the [[Last Alliance]] which defeated him. His One Ring was taken from him by Isildur, but not destroyed.

====Third Age====
{{main|Third Age}}

The Third Age saw the rise in power of the realms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], and their fall. Arnor was divided into three petty Kingdoms, which fell one by one, whilst Gondor fell victim to [[Kin-strife]], plague, wainriders, and corsairs.

By the time of ''The Lord of the Rings'', [[Sauron]] had recovered again, and was seeking the One Ring. He discovered that it was in the possession of a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] named [[Bilbo Baggins|Baggins]], and sent out the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] to find him and retrieve it.

The Ring-bearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], is sent to [[Rivendell]], where it is decided that the One Ring must be destroyed once and for all — and it can only be unmade in the fiery depths of [[Mount Doom]] where it was forged. He sets out on this quest with eight other companions who comprise ''The Fellowship of the Ring''.

After a long and difficult journey, he and [[Samwise Gamgee]] finally complete the mission, succeeding largely due to an unforeseen event that was out of their control. [[Sauron]] is thus destroyed forever and they are lauded as heroes.

[[Aragorn]] takes his place as King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], at last restoring the line of Kings from the [[Stewards of Gondor]].

====Fourth Age and after====
{{main|Fourth Age}}

The end of the Third Age marked the end of the involvement of the Elves in Mannish affairs, despite a short-lived revival of Elven presence in Gondor under [[Legolas]]. Most Elves that have lingered in Middle-earth leave for Valinor — those that remain behind "fade", and eventually diminish. A similar fate happens to the Dwarves: although [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] becomes an ally of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] and there are indications [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] is refounded, and a colony is established under [[Gimli]] in the [[White Mountains]], they become ever more reclusive, and disappear from mannish history. Morgoth's creatures are almost wiped out and never recover. During the later Fourth Age the tales of the earlier Ages turn into legends, until they are eventually thought of as fantasies, as the heirs of the Númenóreans forget their heritage.

Tolkien imagined that he lived perhaps about 6000 years after the [[War of the Ring]], [[Ages#Further future|in the Fifth, Sixth or Seventh Age]].

==End of Arda==
{{main|Dagor Dagorath}}
After contemplating [[Arda Marred|Arda's decay]], the Elves could deduce that Arda had to come to an end. There are also many mentions of this end happening with a Last Battle after Morgoth's return. After his defeat, it is said that Men and Ainur will make a [[Second Music of the Ainur|Second Music]] in front of Ilúvatar.

[[Category:Chronology]]

Ages

2026-03-12T07:45:08Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Ages''', also known as the '''Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar''',<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 345-6: "''Here ends the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar.''" => "''Here end the Elder Days with the passing of Melkor, according to the reckoning of most lore-masters; here ends also the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar.''"</ref> '''Ages of Awakening''',<ref name="Peoples">{{PM|Dwarves}}, note 21, p. 321</ref> or '''Ages of the [[Elder Days|Elvish World]]'''<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, "The sources of the legend of Isildur’s death", third paragraph</ref> are large spans of [[Time]] in which the [[Wise]] and loremasters of the [[Children of Ilúvatar|Eruhíni]] divided the history of [[Arda]]. The division was made according to significant historical upheavals such as the overthrowing of a [[Dark Lord]].

==The Ages==
===[[First Age]]===
The First Age saw the arising of the Speaking Peoples: first the [[Elves]], second the [[Dwarves]], and third [[Men]];<ref name="Peoples"/> and [[Morgoth|Morgoth's]] terrible [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against them. It ended with the [[War of Wrath]] and the drowning of [[Beleriand]]. Morgoth was captured by the [[Valar]] and expelled from Arda, thus ending centuries of his dominion in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=AB/><ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

===[[Second Age]]===
In the Second Age the [[Edain]] prospered in [[Númenor]], but [[Sauron]], a servant of Morgoth also came to dominate the [[Westlands]]. The [[Rings of Power]] were created as one of such attempts. Sauron's influence also caused the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and the [[Changing of the World]]. The Age ended with the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the defeat of Sauron.<ref name=AB>{{App|B}}</ref><ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===[[Third Age]]===
The Third Age saw the gradual fading of the Elves and also the rise of Sauron against the [[Realms in Exile|Númenórean kingdoms]], until he was defeated during the [[War of the Ring]]. The Age ended some years later with the departure of the [[White Ship]] from the [[Grey Havens]].<ref name=AB/><ref name=rings/>

===[[Fourth Age]]===
The Fourth Age was a time when the Elves faded while Men, [[Hobbits]], and, for a time, Dwarves prospered and recovered after the defeat of Sauron, until the [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=AB/>

===[[Later Ages|Further future]]===
{{quote|For not we but those who come after will make the legends of our time.|[[Aragorn]]<ref>{{TT|Riders}}</ref>}}
Tolkien said in a letter written in [[1958]] that he imagined that the events of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' had happened approximately 6000 years earlier, so it was about the end of the Fifth Age if the length of the Ages had remained unchanged, but they had probably quickened and it was about the end of the Sixth Age or in the Seventh. However, he did not explain the criteria of why the Ages should be shortened.<ref name="Letter211">{{L|211}}: "''I imagine the gap ''[between the Fall of Barad-dûr and our Days]'' to be about 6000 years: that is we are now at the end of the Fifth Age, if the Ages were of about the same length as S.A. and T.A. But they have, I think, quickened; and I imagine we are actually at the end of the Sixth Age, or in the Seventh.''"</ref>

Two years after that letter, Tolkien changed this idea and wrote that, instead, we were already in the year 1960 of the Seventh Age, indicating that this Age follows the Christian reckoning.<ref>{{NM|P1vi}}, p. 39</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In earlier texts, such as ''[[The Later Annals of Valinor]]'', J.R.R. Tolkien referred to the 'First Age(s) of the World' rather than the 'First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar'. This variation had much earlier starting point, extending the First Age back to the creation of Arda, but consistently ended with Morgoth's defeat in Beleriand.<ref>{{LR|AV}}, p. 118</ref>

The terms 'First Age of the Sun' and 'Ages of the Sun' are commonly used by many fans, but do not appear anywhere in Tolkien's writings. The 'First Age of the Sun' in this conception is held to begin with the first rising of the Sun and continue until Morgoth's defeat nearly 600 years later. While this is at odds with Tolkien's statements that the first age was the longest by far it is a common misapprehension because the subsequent ages all took place entirely during the [[Years of the Sun]].

==See also==
*Ages of the [[Chaining of Melkor]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Ages|02]]
[[Category:Chronology]]
[[Category:Periods]]
[[de:Zeitalter]]

Ages

2026-03-12T07:44:22Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Ages''', also known as the '''Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar'''<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 345-6: "''Here ends the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar.''" => "''Here end the Elder Days with the passing of Melkor, according to the reckoning of most lore-masters; here ends also the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar.''"</ref>, '''Ages of Awakening''',<ref name="Peoples">{{PM|Dwarves}}, note 21, p. 321</ref>, or '''Ages of the [[Elder Days|Elvish World]]'''<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, "The sources of the legend of Isildur’s death", third paragraph</ref> are large spans of [[Time]] in which the [[Wise]] and loremasters of the [[Children of Ilúvatar|Eruhíni]] divided the history of [[Arda]]. The division was made according to significant historical upheavals such as the overthrowing of a [[Dark Lord]].

==The Ages==
===[[First Age]]===
The First Age saw the arising of the Speaking Peoples: first the [[Elves]], second the [[Dwarves]], and third [[Men]];<ref name="Peoples"/> and [[Morgoth|Morgoth's]] terrible [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against them. It ended with the [[War of Wrath]] and the drowning of [[Beleriand]]. Morgoth was captured by the [[Valar]] and expelled from Arda, thus ending centuries of his dominion in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=AB/><ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

===[[Second Age]]===
In the Second Age the [[Edain]] prospered in [[Númenor]], but [[Sauron]], a servant of Morgoth also came to dominate the [[Westlands]]. The [[Rings of Power]] were created as one of such attempts. Sauron's influence also caused the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and the [[Changing of the World]]. The Age ended with the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the defeat of Sauron.<ref name=AB>{{App|B}}</ref><ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===[[Third Age]]===
The Third Age saw the gradual fading of the Elves and also the rise of Sauron against the [[Realms in Exile|Númenórean kingdoms]], until he was defeated during the [[War of the Ring]]. The Age ended some years later with the departure of the [[White Ship]] from the [[Grey Havens]].<ref name=AB/><ref name=rings/>

===[[Fourth Age]]===
The Fourth Age was a time when the Elves faded while Men, [[Hobbits]], and, for a time, Dwarves prospered and recovered after the defeat of Sauron, until the [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=AB/>

===[[Later Ages|Further future]]===
{{quote|For not we but those who come after will make the legends of our time.|[[Aragorn]]<ref>{{TT|Riders}}</ref>}}
Tolkien said in a letter written in [[1958]] that he imagined that the events of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' had happened approximately 6000 years earlier, so it was about the end of the Fifth Age if the length of the Ages had remained unchanged, but they had probably quickened and it was about the end of the Sixth Age or in the Seventh. However, he did not explain the criteria of why the Ages should be shortened.<ref name="Letter211">{{L|211}}: "''I imagine the gap ''[between the Fall of Barad-dûr and our Days]'' to be about 6000 years: that is we are now at the end of the Fifth Age, if the Ages were of about the same length as S.A. and T.A. But they have, I think, quickened; and I imagine we are actually at the end of the Sixth Age, or in the Seventh.''"</ref>

Two years after that letter, Tolkien changed this idea and wrote that, instead, we were already in the year 1960 of the Seventh Age, indicating that this Age follows the Christian reckoning.<ref>{{NM|P1vi}}, p. 39</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In earlier texts, such as ''[[The Later Annals of Valinor]]'', J.R.R. Tolkien referred to the 'First Age(s) of the World' rather than the 'First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar'. This variation had much earlier starting point, extending the First Age back to the creation of Arda, but consistently ended with Morgoth's defeat in Beleriand.<ref>{{LR|AV}}, p. 118</ref>

The terms 'First Age of the Sun' and 'Ages of the Sun' are commonly used by many fans, but do not appear anywhere in Tolkien's writings. The 'First Age of the Sun' in this conception is held to begin with the first rising of the Sun and continue until Morgoth's defeat nearly 600 years later. While this is at odds with Tolkien's statements that the first age was the longest by far it is a common misapprehension because the subsequent ages all took place entirely during the [[Years of the Sun]].

==See also==
*Ages of the [[Chaining of Melkor]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Ages|02]]
[[Category:Chronology]]
[[Category:Periods]]
[[de:Zeitalter]]

Nargothrond

2026-03-09T08:30:25Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Building */

{{kingdom
| image=Jonathan Guzi - Nargothrond.jpg
| name=Nargothrond
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[West Beleriand]]
| capital=Nargothrond
| towns=
| regions=[[Taur-en-Faroth]] [[Talath Dirnen]] (shared with [[Dor-Cúarthol]] [[Tumhalad]]
| population=[[Elves of Nargothrond]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]
| govern1=[[King of Nargothrond]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Nulukkizdîn]]
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{FA|52}}
| event2=Constructed
| event2date={{FA|102}}
| event3=[[Fall of Nargothrond|Destroyed]]
| event3date={{FA|495}}
| followedby=
}}
{{Quote|Thus [[Finrod]] came to the Caverns of Narog, and began to establish there deep halls and armouries after the fashion of the mansions of [[Menegroth]]; and that stronghold was called Nargothrond.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Beleriand and Its Realms]]"}}

'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] which delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]].

Nargothrond was the capital of the '''realm of Nargothrond'''<Ref group=note>The name appears only in the map accompanying ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. In the text, the realm is mentioned with minuscule letters.</ref> between [[Nenning]], Narog and [[Teiglin]], including the surrounding hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] and the [[Talath Dirnen]] to the north, as well as [[Tumhalad]]. Finrod was the overlord of all the [[Elves]] in the [[West Beleriand]], except the [[Falathrim]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref><ref>{{S|Map}}</ref>

==History==
===Building===
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Finrod listens to the counsel of Ulmo.jpg|thumb|right|''Finrod listens to the counsel of Ulmo'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
After the return of the [[Noldor]] to [[Middle-earth]], [[Finrod]] and his brothers were established on north Beleriand with [[Fingolfin]]. In {{FA|50}},<ref>{{GA|74}}</ref> he was visited in [[Tol Sirion]] by his cousin [[Turgon]] from [[Nevrast]]; both travelled together southward to Beleriand. While resting in the [[Meres of Twilight]], [[Ulmo]] went to them and laid upon them a deep sleep and disturbing dreams. None told the other about his dreams, but both cousins began a search for hidden places in case [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]].<ref name=return>{{S|Return}}</ref>

In {{FA|52}}, Finrod, who had now been a long guest of [[Thingol]], marvelled at [[Menegroth]] and shared with Thingol his dreams and desire to make for himself a place in like manner. Thingol then told Finrod of caves under the [[High Faroth]] on west-bank of [[Narog]], which few knew of, and provided him guides to lead him there.<ref>{{GA|75}}</ref> As Finrod came upon the Narog rushing down its steep course under the hills’ shadow, he resolved to make there a secret fortress and store-houses against evil days. In the far banks he saw the opening of many caves, and dwelling within were [[Petty-dwarves]], the remnant of a once more numerous people who still lingered there<ref name="foundnargo">{{NM|P3vii}}</ref> and had in their language named this region ''"[[Nulukkizdîn]]"''.<ref>{{WJ|Last}}</ref>{{rp|243}}

In this place Finrod carried out his designs in establishing great mansions, and in this labour he had at first help from the Petty-dwarves, for which he rewarded them generously.<ref name="foundnargo" /> In {{FA|102}} Nargothrond was fully-wrought and a feast was held which Finrod's brothers and Galadriel joined.<ref>{{GA|108}}</ref>

In {{FA|150}} the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]] resumed their trafficking into Beleriand following their meeting and subsequent alliance with Finrod's cousin [[Caranthir]].<ref>{{GA|114}}</ref> Finrod had further help from these Great Dwarves in extending his underground fortress, but these Great Dwarves despised the Petty-dwarves, and had no compunction in ousting them, especially for great reward.<ref name="shibboleth">{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>{{rp|352}} [[Mîm]], the chieftain of the Petty-dwarves, thus developed a special hatred for the Elves, and attempted to murder Finrod in his sleep; this failed though, and he was driven out into the wild.<ref name="foundnargo" />

Finrod was skilled in lighter stone-carving and himself cut many of the adornments of the pillars and walls in Nargothrond.<ref name="shibboleth" />{{rp|434}} From this dwelling, and his work on it, he was given the epithet ''"[[Felagund]]"''.<ref group=note>Multiple etymologies are given for this name</ref>

Among the other developments of Nargothrond, Finrod also raised an artificial hill, [[Amon Ethir]], a league far from its gates.<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref>

===Days of power===
Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and handed rule to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], the sons of [[Fëanor]], were defeated and retreated to Nargothrond where they were received as one of them. Although the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher. Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.

===Fall===
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Nargothrond - Turin and Finduilas.jpg|thumb|left|''Nargothrond - Turin and Finduilas'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]
{{Main|Sack of Nargothrond}}

[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the [[Bridge of Nargothrond|bridge]] was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].

===Legacy===
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen hoard until he went northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Túrin and was killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]]. Then, [[Mîm]] the Petty-dwarf settled there reclaiming his people's ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. Húrin entered the dark caves where the treasures Finrod brought from [[Valinor]] still lay there, but he brought out the [[Nauglamir]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

The realm remained deserted for the rest of the First Age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of Beleriand. Ages later, the realm will be remembered in Dwarven lore<ref>{{FR|II4}}, "[[The world was young, the mountains green,]]"</ref> and mentioned by Galadriel.<ref>{{FR|II7}}, "...for ere the fall of Nargothrond or Gondolin I passed over the mountains..."</ref>

==Etymology==
From its first conception, the name '''''Nargothrond''''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).<ref>{{WJ|10}}</ref>

However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name '''''Nar(u)kathan''''' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

{{references|note}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Nargothrond]]
[[fi:Nargothrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes tours et forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]

Orcrist

2026-03-07T16:15:34Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* History */

{{disambig-two|Thorin's sword|journal|[[Orcrist (journal)]]}}
{{object infobox
| name=Orcrist
| image = Ted Nasmith - Orcrist, The Goblin Cleaver.jpg
| caption="Orcrist, The Goblin Cleaver" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Biter
| location=[[Gondolin]], [[Trollshaws]], [[Erebor]]
| owner=[[Thorin]]
| type=Sword
| appearance=Sword with a jewelled hilt, glowed blue in the presence of Orcs
| creator=
| created=[[First Age]]
| createdlocation=[[Gondolin]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=Being [[Thorin]]'s Blade
}}
{{Quote|This, Thorin, the runes name Orcrist, the Goblin-cleaver in the ancient tongue of Gondolin; it was a famous blade.|Elrond, "[[A Short Rest]]"}}
'''Orcrist''' was an Elven sword, the mate of [[Glamdring]]. It had a decorated scabbard and a jewelled hilt. Like [[Glamdring]] and [[Sting]], the blade could detect the presence of Orcs and warn its bearer by glowing blue.

Orcs called the blade '''Biter'''.<ref name=hill>{{H|Hill}}</ref> It had been crafted by the [[Elves]], who not only made it a valuable weapon, but also a feared one to their enemies, particularly among [[Orcs]] and other evil creatures.<ref name=rest>{{H|Rest}}</ref>

==History==
As the "mate" to King [[Turgon]]'s sword Glamdring, Orcrist was likely borne by him, or a high ranking lord of the [[Gondolindrim]] in the King's entourage.

Orcrist "had killed hundreds of goblins in its time, when the fair elves of Gondolin hunted them in the hills or did battle before their walls".<ref name=hill/> During the [[Fall of Gondolin]], [[Rog]], [[Duilin of Gondolin|Duilin]], [[Egalmoth]], [[Tuor]] and [[Ecthelion]]'s houses defended at the gates before the walls. [[Ecthelion]] led a charge that resulted in the deaths of thousands of [[orcs]], which made his name a terror to their race, before fighting [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]].{{fact}}

By the [[Third Age]] Orcrist and its mate were found and kept in a [[Trolls' cave]] in [[Eriador]]. [[Thorin and Company]], found and searched the cave early in the [[Quest of Erebor]], and [[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]] obtained the weapon.<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref> [[Elrond]] identified the sword and Thorin promised to honor the sword and hoped to cleave Goblins once again<ref name=rest/> which he did when captured in [[Goblin-town]].<ref name=hill/>

Thorin was disarmed when captured by the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] and Orcrist was kept there.<ref>{{H|8}}</ref> However after his death, [[Thranduil]] returned Orcrist and placed it upon Thorin's tomb under [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], and it "gleamed ever in the dark if foes approached".<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Orcrist'' is [[Sindarin]] for "goblin-cleaver".<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 265</ref>

In the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'', the name ''Orchrist'' is said to be a "sword-name", related to [[Noldorin]] ''risto'' ("rend, rip"), derived from the [[Sundocarme|root]] RIS ("slash, rip").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 384</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Thorin.jpg|[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
File:David T. Wenzel - Orcrist.jpeg|[[The Hobbit (comic book)|''The Hobbit'' (comic book)]]
File:Audrey Corman - Orcrist.jpg|''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Orcrist.jpeg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
The Hobbit (film series) - Thorin and Orcrist.jpg|[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
</gallery>
'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Thorin acquires Glamdring in the trolls' cave. Elrond recognises the sword at first glance, and afterwards identifies Glamdring. The Goblins found Orcrist on Thorin after they captured the Dwarves and Bilbo and it was recognised by the guard who removes it from his person. Thorin's recovery of it is not depicted.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The tale of the finding Orcrist and [[Glamdring]] is included by [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] in [[Red Book of Westmarch|the Red Book of Westmarch]] and both swords are illustrated by him.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:As in the book, the sword is found in the trolls' cave and is identified as Orcrist by [[Elrond]] in [[Rivendell]]. It's designed as a straight, single-edged sword with a prominent recurve at the cutting edge. Its pommel consists of two prongs, and it possesses a half-guard (whereas most Elven swords in Jackson's films are shown without guards). The grip of the sword is fashioned from a dragon's tooth and the base of the blade contains the [[Sindarin]] inscription "NAGOL E-LYG" meaning "Tooth of-Snake [or dragon]".<ref>[[Jude Fisher]], ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Visual Companion]]'', p. 13</ref>

:When it is discovered by the Goblins, the [[Great Goblin]] recognises the sword, and claims that it sliced a thousand necks. Later, when Thorin and Company are captured by the Wood-elves, [[Legolas]] personally confiscates the sword, believing that Thorin Oakenshield had stolen it from his kinfolk. He then takes up the legendary weapon as his own, using it when [[Bolg]] and his stealth-Orcs raid Lake-town in search of the Dwarves, and during the Battle of the Five Armies, where he returns Orcrist to Thorin just in time for his final showdown with [[Azog| Azog the Defiler]].

{{References}}
{{Weapons}}
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Swords]]
[[de:Orcrist]]
[[fi:Orkrist]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/armes/orcrist]]

Year of the Trees 1075

2026-03-05T08:49:16Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1075|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086}}

* An alternate date for the [[Awakening of Men|Awakening]] of [[Men]], the Secondborn [[Children of Ilúvatar]], in [[Hildórien]], according to the [[Round World version of the legendarium|Round World version]] of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<ref>{{NM|Awaking}}, p. 43</ref><ref group="note">In this particular conception, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] moved the date of the [[Awakening of the Elves]] to {{YT|1000}}, as opposed to {{YT|1050}} in accordance with the timeline from ''[[The Annals of Aman]]'' and ''[[The Grey Annals]]'', while the length of a single [[Valian Years|Valian Year]] here was equal to 144 [[Years of the Sun|solar years]] (which is the length of a ''[[yén]]'', an Elvish 'long-year'). This means that the race of Men existed upon [[Ambar|Earth]] for 61,510 solar years by the time of the arrival of the [[Edain]] to [[Beleriand]] in {{YS|310}}.</ref>

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:First Age years]]
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]

Year of the Trees 1000

2026-03-05T08:48:43Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Other version of the legendarium */

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086|Year of the Trees 1090}}
* The [[Valar]] hold council, for [[Yavanna]] and [[Oromë]] report that [[Morgoth|Melkor]] might rise once more in power. They discuss the forthcomingness of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and whether to bring light to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Annals"/>
* Over the next fifty years, [[Varda]] uses the light from [[Telperion]] to fashion new stars, and organize them (and those already wrought) into constellations. The greatest of these constellations was the [[Menelmacar]].<ref name="Annals">{{MR|P2e}}, p. 71</ref>
* About some time before the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], [[Aulë]] secretly creates the 7 [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Fathers]] of the [[Dwarves]] and their 6 spouses. [[Ilúvatar]] adopts them and they are put to sleep.<ref name="Dwarves">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]: [[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"''</ref>

== Other version of the legendarium ==
* An alternate date for the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], the Firstborn [[Children of Ilúvatar]], at the shores of [[Cuiviénen]], according to the [[Round World version of the legendarium|Round World version]] of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<ref>{{NM|March}}, p. 58</ref><ref group="note">In this particular conception, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] changed the length of a single [[Valian Years|Valian Year]] to be equal to 144 [[Years of the Sun|solar years]] (which is the length of a ''[[yén]]'', an Elvish 'long-year').</ref>
* The [[First Age]] begins.<ref>{{NM|Generations}}, p. 123</ref>

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]

Year of the Trees 1000

2026-03-05T08:47:57Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Other version of the legendarium */

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086|Year of the Trees 1090}}
* The [[Valar]] hold council, for [[Yavanna]] and [[Oromë]] report that [[Morgoth|Melkor]] might rise once more in power. They discuss the forthcomingness of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and whether to bring light to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Annals"/>
* Over the next fifty years, [[Varda]] uses the light from [[Telperion]] to fashion new stars, and organize them (and those already wrought) into constellations. The greatest of these constellations was the [[Menelmacar]].<ref name="Annals">{{MR|P2e}}, p. 71</ref>
* About some time before the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], [[Aulë]] secretly creates the 7 [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Fathers]] of the [[Dwarves]] and their 6 spouses. [[Ilúvatar]] adopts them and they are put to sleep.<ref name="Dwarves">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]: [[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"''</ref>

== Other version of the legendarium ==
* An alternate date for the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], the Firstborn [[Children of Ilúvatar]], at the shores of [[Cuiviénen]], according to the [[Round World version of the legendarium|Round World version]] of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<ref>{{NM|March}}, p. 58</ref><ref group="note">In this particular conception, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] changed the length of a single Valian Year to be equal to 144 [[Years of the Sun|solar years]] (which is the length of a ''[[yén]]'', an Elvish 'long-year').</ref>
* The [[First Age]] begins.<ref>{{NM|Generations}}, p. 123</ref>

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]

Year of the Trees 1000

2026-03-05T08:45:01Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Other version of the legendarium */

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086|Year of the Trees 1090}}
* The [[Valar]] hold council, for [[Yavanna]] and [[Oromë]] report that [[Morgoth|Melkor]] might rise once more in power. They discuss the forthcomingness of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and whether to bring light to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Annals"/>
* Over the next fifty years, [[Varda]] uses the light from [[Telperion]] to fashion new stars, and organize them (and those already wrought) into constellations. The greatest of these constellations was the [[Menelmacar]].<ref name="Annals">{{MR|P2e}}, p. 71</ref>
* About some time before the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], [[Aulë]] secretly creates the 7 [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Fathers]] of the [[Dwarves]] and their 6 spouses. [[Ilúvatar]] adopts them and they are put to sleep.<ref name="Dwarves">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]: [[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"''</ref>

== Other version of the legendarium ==
* An alternate date for the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], the Firstborn [[Children of Ilúvatar]], at [[Cuiviénen]], according to the [[Round World version of the legendarium|Round World version]] of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<ref>{{NM|March}}, p. 58</ref><ref group="note">In this particular conception, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] changed the length of a single Valian Year to be equal to 144 [[Years of the Sun|solar years]] (which is the length of a ''[[yén]]'', an Elvish 'long-year').</ref>
* The [[First Age]] begins.<ref>{{NM|Generations}}, p. 123</ref>

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]

Year of the Trees 1075

2026-03-05T08:44:14Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1075|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086}}

* An alternate date for the [[Awakening of Men|Awakening]] of [[Men]], the Secondborn [[Children of Ilúvatar]], in [[Hildórien]], according to the [[Round World version of the legendarium|Round World version]] of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<ref>{{NM|Awaking}}, p. 43</ref><ref group="note">In this particular conception, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] moved the date of the [[Awakening of the Elves]] to {{YT|1000}}, as opposed to {{YT|1050}} in accordance with the timeline from ''[[The Annals of Aman]]'' and ''[[The Grey Annals]]'', while the length of a single Valian Year here was equal to 144 [[Years of the Sun|solar years]] (which is the length of a ''[[yén]]'', an Elvish 'long-year'). This means that the race of Men existed upon [[Ambar|Earth]] for 61,510 solar years by the time of the arrival of the [[Edain]] to [[Beleriand]] in {{YS|310}}.</ref>

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:First Age years]]
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]

Year of the Trees 1000

2026-03-05T08:42:48Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Other version of the legendarium */

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086|Year of the Trees 1090}}
* The [[Valar]] hold council, for [[Yavanna]] and [[Oromë]] report that [[Morgoth|Melkor]] might rise once more in power. They discuss the forthcomingness of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and whether to bring light to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Annals"/>
* Over the next fifty years, [[Varda]] uses the light from [[Telperion]] to fashion new stars, and organize them (and those already wrought) into constellations. The greatest of these constellations was the [[Menelmacar]].<ref name="Annals">{{MR|P2e}}, p. 71</ref>
* About some time before the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], [[Aulë]] secretly creates the 7 [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Fathers]] of the [[Dwarves]] and their 6 spouses. [[Ilúvatar]] adopts them and they are put to sleep.<ref name="Dwarves">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]: [[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"''</ref>

== Other version of the legendarium ==
* An alternate date for the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], the Firstborn [[Children of Ilúvatar]], at [[Cuiviénen]], according to the [[Round World version of the legendarium|Round World version]] of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<ref>{{NM|March}}, p. 58</ref>
* The [[First Age]] begins.<ref>{{NM|Generations}}, p. 123</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]

Year of the Trees 1000

2026-03-05T08:42:26Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086|Year of the Trees 1090}}
* The [[Valar]] hold council, for [[Yavanna]] and [[Oromë]] report that [[Morgoth|Melkor]] might rise once more in power. They discuss the forthcomingness of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and whether to bring light to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Annals"/>
* Over the next fifty years, [[Varda]] uses the light from [[Telperion]] to fashion new stars, and organize them (and those already wrought) into constellations. The greatest of these constellations was the [[Menelmacar]].<ref name="Annals">{{MR|P2e}}, p. 71</ref>
* About some time before the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], [[Aulë]] secretly creates the 7 [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Fathers]] of the [[Dwarves]] and their 6 spouses. [[Ilúvatar]] adopts them and they are put to sleep.<ref name="Dwarves">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]: [[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"''</ref>

== Other version of the legendarium ==
* An alternate date for the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]] at [[Cuiviénen|Cuivienen]], the Firstborn [[Children of Ilúvatar]], at [[Cuiviénen]], according to the [[Round World version of the legendarium|Round World version]] of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<ref>{{NM|March}}, p. 58</ref>
* The [[First Age]] begins.<ref>{{NM|Generations}}, p. 123</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]

Year of the Trees 1000

2026-03-04T10:20:52Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Other version of the legendarium */

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086|Year of the Trees 1090}}
* The [[Valar]] hold council, for [[Yavanna]] and [[Oromë]] report that [[Morgoth|Melkor]] might rise once more in power. They discuss the forthcomingness of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and whether to bring light to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Annals"/>
* Over the next fifty years, [[Varda]] uses the light from [[Telperion]] to fashion new stars, and organize them (and those already wrought) into constellations. The greatest of these constellations was the [[Menelmacar]].<ref name="Annals">{{MR|P2e}}, p. 71</ref>
* About some time before the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], [[Aulë]] secretly creates the 7 [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Fathers]] of the [[Dwarves]] and their 6 spouses. [[Ilúvatar]] adopts them and they are put to sleep.<ref name="Dwarves">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]: [[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"''</ref>

== Other version of the legendarium ==
* [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]] at [[Cuiviénen|Cuivienen]] according to [[Quendi and Eldar|a later conception]].<ref>{{NM|March}}, p. 58</ref>
* The [[First Age]] begins.<ref>{{NM|Generations}}, p. 123</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]

Year of the Trees 1000

2026-03-04T10:19:59Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1|Year of the Trees 1000|Year of the Trees 1050|Year of the Trees 1080|Year of the Trees 1085|Year of the Trees 1086|Year of the Trees 1090}}
* The [[Valar]] hold council, for [[Yavanna]] and [[Oromë]] report that [[Morgoth|Melkor]] might rise once more in power. They discuss the forthcomingness of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and whether to bring light to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Annals"/>
* Over the next fifty years, [[Varda]] uses the light from [[Telperion]] to fashion new stars, and organize them (and those already wrought) into constellations. The greatest of these constellations was the [[Menelmacar]].<ref name="Annals">{{MR|P2e}}, p. 71</ref>
* About some time before the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]], [[Aulë]] secretly creates the 7 [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Fathers]] of the [[Dwarves]] and their 6 spouses. [[Ilúvatar]] adopts them and they are put to sleep.<ref name="Dwarves">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]: [[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"''</ref>

== Other version of the legendarium ==
* [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] of the [[Elves]] at [[Cuiviénen|Cuivienen]] according to [[The Nature of Middle-earth|a later conception]].<ref>{{NM|March}}, p. 58</ref>
* The [[First Age]] begins.<ref>{{NM|Generations}}, p. 123</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/annees_des_arbres]]

Elder Days

2026-03-02T12:21:20Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{History of Arda}}
{{quote|The Elder Days are gone. The Middle Days are passing. The Younger Days are beginning.|[[Saruman]]<ref name=council/>}}
The '''Elder Days''', also called the '''''Eldest Days''''',<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry "Elder Days"</ref> was a term that, during the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s, properly referred to the times that preceded the [[War of Wrath|Downfall of Angband]] at the very end of the [[First Age]],<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> perhaps covering not only the entire [[Ages|Age]], but also the events before the [[Awakening of the Elves]],<ref>{{App|South}}, p. 1039</ref><ref>{{MR|P2b}}, note 17, p. 57-8</ref> by which its beginning was marked.<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 123</ref> In that context, the [[Middle Days]] were the Second and Third Ages, whereas the [[Younger Days]] were the foreseen [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

However, in the [[Fourth Age]] the term began to be applied to all previous [[Ages]], as the time before the Dominion of Men and the dwindling of the [[Elves]] and other races.<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> [[Aragorn]] for instance, referred to himself as the last King of the Elder Days, according to the latter sense.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref> In this context, the Elder Days were also called the '''''Elvish World'''''.<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, "The sources of the legend of Isildur’s death", third paragraph</ref>

[[File:Antonio Vinci - The Elder Days.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|''The Elder Days'' by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]]]

==Etymology==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes that the word "Elder" has deliberately an archaic flavour, since it is now only applied to persons (Elders = seniors). He also pointed to an association with the poetic word ''eld'' 'old age, antiquity'.

Early English had the expression ''Þe eldern dawes'' 'the days of our forefathers, long ago,' i.e. ''Days of the [[Elves|Seniors]]'', which was intended by Tolkien.<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Days", p. 780</ref><ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Kindred", p. 756: "''Cf. ''Elder Days'', which again implies a more ancient epoch in the history of people of ''[[Elves|the same kin]]'', sc. in the days of their far-off ancestors.''"</ref>

The "very archaic" [[Old English]] name for the First Age that "came" to [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham|Arundel Lowdham]] was ''frumaeldi''.<ref>{{SD|66}}, p. 242</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:First Age]]
[[Category:Periods]]

Ages

2026-03-02T11:46:11Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Ages''', also known as the '''Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar'''<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 345-6: "''Here ends the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar.''" => "''Here end the Elder Days with the passing of Melkor, according to the reckoning of most lore-masters; here ends also the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar.''"</ref>, '''Ages of the [[Elder Days|Elvish World]]'''<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, "The sources of the legend of Isildur’s death", third paragraph</ref>, or '''Ages of Awakening''',<ref name="Peoples">{{PM|Dwarves}}, note 21, p. 321</ref> are large spans of [[Time]] in which the [[Wise]] and loremasters of the [[Children of Ilúvatar|Eruhíni]] divided the history of [[Arda]]. The division was made according to significant historical upheavals such as the overthrowing of a [[Dark Lord]].

==The Ages==
===[[First Age]]===
The First Age saw the arising of the Speaking Peoples: first the [[Elves]], second the [[Dwarves]], and third [[Men]];<ref name="Peoples"/> and [[Morgoth|Morgoth's]] terrible [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against them. It ended with the [[War of Wrath]] and the drowning of [[Beleriand]]. Morgoth was captured by the [[Valar]] and expelled from Arda, thus ending centuries of his dominion in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=AB/><ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

===[[Second Age]]===
In the Second Age the [[Edain]] prospered in [[Númenor]], but [[Sauron]], a servant of Morgoth also came to dominate the [[Westlands]]. The [[Rings of Power]] were created as one of such attempts. Sauron's influence also caused the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and the [[Changing of the World]]. The Age ended with the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the defeat of Sauron.<ref name=AB>{{App|B}}</ref><ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===[[Third Age]]===
The Third Age saw the gradual fading of the Elves and also the rise of Sauron against the [[Realms in Exile|Númenórean kingdoms]], until he was defeated during the [[War of the Ring]]. The Age ended some years later with the departure of the [[White Ship]] from the [[Grey Havens]].<ref name=AB/><ref name=rings/>

===[[Fourth Age]]===
The Fourth Age was a time when the Elves faded while Men, [[Hobbits]], and, for a time, Dwarves prospered and recovered after the defeat of Sauron, until the [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=AB/>

===[[Later Ages|Further future]]===
{{quote|For not we but those who come after will make the legends of our time.|[[Aragorn]]<ref>{{TT|Riders}}</ref>}}
Tolkien said in a letter written in [[1958]] that he imagined that the events of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' had happened approximately 6000 years earlier, so it was about the end of the Fifth Age if the length of the Ages had remained unchanged, but they had probably quickened and it was about the end of the Sixth Age or in the Seventh. However, he did not explain the criteria of why the Ages should be shortened.<ref name="Letter211">{{L|211}}: "''I imagine the gap ''[between the Fall of Barad-dûr and our Days]'' to be about 6000 years: that is we are now at the end of the Fifth Age, if the Ages were of about the same length as S.A. and T.A. But they have, I think, quickened; and I imagine we are actually at the end of the Sixth Age, or in the Seventh.''"</ref>

Two years after that letter, Tolkien changed this idea and wrote that, instead, we were already in the year 1960 of the Seventh Age, indicating that this Age follows the Christian reckoning.<ref>{{NM|P1vi}}, p. 39</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In earlier texts, such as ''[[The Later Annals of Valinor]]'', J.R.R. Tolkien referred to the 'First Age(s) of the World' rather than the 'First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar'. This variation had much earlier starting point, extending the First Age back to the creation of Arda, but consistently ended with Morgoth's defeat in Beleriand.<ref>{{LR|AV}}, p. 118</ref>

The terms 'First Age of the Sun' and 'Ages of the Sun' are commonly used by many fans, but do not appear anywhere in Tolkien's writings. The 'First Age of the Sun' in this conception is held to begin with the first rising of the Sun and continue until Morgoth's defeat nearly 600 years later. While this is at odds with Tolkien's statements that the first age was the longest by far it is a common misapprehension because the subsequent ages all took place entirely during the [[Years of the Sun]].

==See also==
*Ages of the [[Chaining of Melkor]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Ages|02]]
[[Category:Chronology]]
[[Category:Periods]]
[[de:Zeitalter]]

Elder Days

2026-02-26T09:20:25Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{History of Arda}}
{{quote|The Elder Days are gone. The Middle Days are passing. The Younger Days are beginning.|[[Saruman]]<ref name=council/>}}
The '''Elder Days''', also called the '''''Eldest Days''''',<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry "Elder Days"</ref> was a term that, during the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s, properly referred to the times that preceded the [[War of Wrath|Downfall of Angband]] at the very end of the [[First Age]],<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> perhaps covering not only the entire [[Ages|Age]], but also the events before the [[Awakening of the Elves]],<ref>{{App|South}}, p. 1039</ref><ref>{{MR|P2b}}, note 17, p. 57-8</ref> by which its beginning was marked.<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 123</ref> In that context, the [[Middle Days]] were the Second and Third Ages, whereas the [[Younger Days]] were the foreseen [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

However, in the [[Fourth Age]] the term began to be applied to all previous [[Ages]], as the time before the [[Dominion of Men]] and the dwindling of the [[Elves]] and other races.<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> [[Aragorn]] for instance, referred to himself as the last King of the Elder Days, according to the latter sense.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref> In this context, the Elder Days were also called the '''''Elvish World'''''.<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, "The sources of the legend of Isildur’s death", third paragraph</ref>

[[File:Antonio Vinci - The Elder Days.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|''The Elder Days'' by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]]]

==Etymology==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes that the word "Elder" has deliberately an archaic flavour, since it is now only applied to persons (Elders = seniors). He also pointed to an association with the poetic word ''eld'' 'old age, antiquity'.

Early English had the expression ''Þe eldern dawes'' 'the days of our forefathers, long ago,' i.e. ''Days of the [[Elves|Seniors]]'', which was intended by Tolkien.<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Days", p. 780</ref><ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Kindred", p. 756: "''Cf. ''Elder Days'', which again implies a more ancient epoch in the history of people of ''[[Elves|the same kin]]'', sc. in the days of their far-off ancestors.''"</ref>

The "very archaic" [[Old English]] name for the First Age that "came" to [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham|Arundel Lowdham]] was ''frumaeldi''.<ref>{{SD|66}}, p. 242</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:First Age]]
[[Category:Periods]]

Elder Days

2026-02-26T09:14:32Z

Ar-Zigûr:

{{History of Arda}}
{{quote|The Elder Days are gone. The Middle Days are passing. The Younger Days are beginning.|[[Saruman]]<ref name=council/>}}
The '''Elder Days''', also called the '''''Eldest Days''''',<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry "Elder Days"</ref> was a term that, during the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s, properly referred to the times that preceded the [[War of Wrath|Downfall of Angband]] at the very end of the [[First Age]],<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> perhaps covering not only the entire [[Ages|Age]], but also the events before the [[Awakening of the Elves]],<ref>{{App|South}}, p. 1039</ref><ref>{{MR|P2b}}, note 17, p. 57-8</ref> by which its beginning was marked.<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 123</ref> In that context, the [[Middle Days]] were the Second and Third Ages, whereas the [[Younger Days]] were the foreseen [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

However, in the [[Fourth Age]] the term began to be applied to all previous [[Ages]], as the time before the [[Dominion of Men]] and the dwindling of the [[Elves]] and other races.<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> [[Aragorn]] for instance, referred to himself as the last King of the Elder Days, according to the latter sense.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

[[File:Antonio Vinci - The Elder Days.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|''The Elder Days'' by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]]]

==Etymology==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes that the word "Elder" has deliberately an archaic flavour, since it is now only applied to persons (Elders = seniors). He also pointed to an association with the poetic word ''eld'' 'old age, antiquity'.

Early English had the expression ''Þe eldern dawes'' 'the days of our forefathers, long ago,' i.e. ''Days of the [[Elves|Seniors]]'', which was intended by Tolkien.<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Days", p. 780</ref><ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Kindred", p. 756: "''Cf. ''Elder Days'', which again implies a more ancient epoch in the history of people of ''[[Elves|the same kin]]'', sc. in the days of their far-off ancestors.''"</ref>

The "very archaic" [[Old English]] name for the First Age that "came" to [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham|Arundel Lowdham]] was ''frumaeldi''.<ref>{{SD|66}}, p. 242</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:First Age]]
[[Category:Periods]]

Elder Days

2026-02-26T08:05:49Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Etymology */

{{History of Arda}}
{{quote|The Elder Days are gone. The Middle Days are passing. The Younger Days are beginning.|[[Saruman]]<ref name=council/>}}
The '''Elder Days''', also called the '''''Eldest Days''''',<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry "Elder Days"</ref> was a term that, during the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s, properly referred to the times that preceded the [[War of Wrath|Downfall of Angband]] at the very end of the [[First Age]],<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> perhaps covering not only the entire [[Ages|Age]], but also the events before the [[Awakening of the Elves]],<ref>{{App|South}}, p. 1039</ref><ref>{{MR|P2b}}, note 17, p. 57-8</ref> by which its beginning was marked.<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 123</ref> In that context, the [[Middle Days]] were the Second and Third Ages, whereas the [[Younger Days]] were the foreseen [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

However, in the [[Fourth Age]] the term began to be applied to all previous [[Ages]], as the time before the [[Dominion of Men]] and the dwindling of the [[Elves]] and other races.<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> [[Aragorn]] for instance, referred to himself as the last King of the Elder Days, according to the latter sense.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>
[[File:Antonio Vinci - The Elder Days.jpg|thumb|left|''The Elder Days'' by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]]]
==Etymology==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes that the word "Elder" has deliberately an archaic flavour, since it is now only applied to persons (Elders = seniors). He also pointed to an association with the poetic word ''eld'' 'old age, antiquity'.

Early English had the expression ''Þe eldern dawes'' 'the days of our forefathers, long ago,' i.e. ''Days of the [[Elves|Seniors]]'', which was intended by Tolkien.<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Days", p. 780</ref><ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Kindred", p. 756: "''Cf. ''Elder Days'', which again implies a more ancient epoch in the history of people of ''[[Elves|the same kin]]'', sc. in the days of their far-off ancestors.''"</ref>

The "very archaic" [[Old English]] name for the First Age that "came" to [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham|Arundel Lowdham]] was ''frumaeldi''.<ref>{{SD|66}}, p. 242</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:First Age]]
[[Category:Periods]]

Elder Days

2026-02-26T08:05:23Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Etymology */

{{History of Arda}}
{{quote|The Elder Days are gone. The Middle Days are passing. The Younger Days are beginning.|[[Saruman]]<ref name=council/>}}
The '''Elder Days''', also called the '''''Eldest Days''''',<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry "Elder Days"</ref> was a term that, during the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s, properly referred to the times that preceded the [[War of Wrath|Downfall of Angband]] at the very end of the [[First Age]],<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> perhaps covering not only the entire [[Ages|Age]], but also the events before the [[Awakening of the Elves]],<ref>{{App|South}}, p. 1039</ref><ref>{{MR|P2b}}, note 17, p. 57-8</ref> by which its beginning was marked.<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 123</ref> In that context, the [[Middle Days]] were the Second and Third Ages, whereas the [[Younger Days]] were the foreseen [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

However, in the [[Fourth Age]] the term began to be applied to all previous [[Ages]], as the time before the [[Dominion of Men]] and the dwindling of the [[Elves]] and other races.<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> [[Aragorn]] for instance, referred to himself as the last King of the Elder Days, according to the latter sense.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>
[[File:Antonio Vinci - The Elder Days.jpg|thumb|left|''The Elder Days'' by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]]]
==Etymology==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes that the word "Elder" has deliberately an archaic flavour, since it is now only applied to persons (Elders = seniors). He also pointed to an association with the poetic word ''eld'' 'old age, antiquity'.

Early English had the expression ''Þe eldern dawes'' 'the days of our forefathers, long ago,' i.e. ''Days of the [[Elves|Seniors]]'', which was intended by Tolkien.<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Days", p. 780</ref><ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Kindred", p. 756: "''Cf. ''Elder Days'', which again implies a more ancient epoch in the history of people of ''the same kin'', sc. in the days of their far-off ancestors.''"</ref>

The "very archaic" [[Old English]] name for the First Age that "came" to [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham|Arundel Lowdham]] was ''frumaeldi''.<ref>{{SD|66}}, p. 242</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:First Age]]
[[Category:Periods]]

Elder Days

2026-02-26T08:04:34Z

Ar-Zigûr: /* Etymology */

{{History of Arda}}
{{quote|The Elder Days are gone. The Middle Days are passing. The Younger Days are beginning.|[[Saruman]]<ref name=council/>}}
The '''Elder Days''', also called the '''''Eldest Days''''',<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry "Elder Days"</ref> was a term that, during the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s, properly referred to the times that preceded the [[War of Wrath|Downfall of Angband]] at the very end of the [[First Age]],<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> perhaps covering not only the entire [[Ages|Age]], but also the events before the [[Awakening of the Elves]],<ref>{{App|South}}, p. 1039</ref><ref>{{MR|P2b}}, note 17, p. 57-8</ref> by which its beginning was marked.<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 51</ref><ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 123</ref> In that context, the [[Middle Days]] were the Second and Third Ages, whereas the [[Younger Days]] were the foreseen [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

However, in the [[Fourth Age]] the term began to be applied to all previous [[Ages]], as the time before the [[Dominion of Men]] and the dwindling of the [[Elves]] and other races.<ref name=appb>{{App|B}}</ref> [[Aragorn]] for instance, referred to himself as the last King of the Elder Days, according to the latter sense.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>
[[File:Antonio Vinci - The Elder Days.jpg|thumb|left|''The Elder Days'' by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]]]
==Etymology==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes that the word "Elder" has deliberately an archaic flavour, since it is now only applied to persons (Elders = seniors). He also pointed to an association with the poetic word ''eld'' 'old age, antiquity'.

Early English had the expression ''Þe eldern dawes'' 'the days of our forefathers, long ago,' i.e. ''Days of the Seniors'' <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Elves]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, which was intended by Tolkien.<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Days", p. 780</ref><ref>{{HM|N}}, entry "Elder Kindred", p. 756: "''Cf. ''Elder Days'', which again implies a more ancient epoch in the history of people of ''the same kin'', sc. in the days of their far-off ancestors.''"</ref>

The "very archaic" [[Old English]] name for the First Age that "came" to [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham|Arundel Lowdham]] was ''frumaeldi''.<ref>{{SD|66}}, p. 242</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:First Age]]
[[Category:Periods]]

File:Antonio Vinci - The Elder Days.jpg

2026-02-26T08:02:18Z

Ar-Zigûr: Ar-Zigûr uploaded a new version of File:Antonio Vinci - The Elder Days.jpg

== Summary ==
"''The Elder Days''", by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|Antonio Vinci|[https://ninni-v.deviantart.com Antonio Vinci on DeviantArt]}}

[[Category:Images by Antonio Vinci]]
[[Category:Images of Elves]]
[[Category:Images of the Two Trees]]