Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

The Wise

2025-05-31T20:23:45Z

Blu3r4d0n: Added info about The Wise discussed in the Athrabeth

{{short description|Title given to multiple characters}}
# '''The Wise''' was a title claimed by [[Saruman]].
# '''The [[Wise]]''' was a title given to the greatest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]] and the chief [[Wizards]], who formed the [[White Council]] in the [[Third Age]].
# '''The Wise''' were persons esteemed among [[Men]] for their knowledge of lore. This epithet is referenced in [[Athrabeth Finrod Ah Andreth]]. Members include [[Andreth]] and [[Adanel]].
# '''The Wise''' was also a title of [[Turgon]], [[King of Gondolin]].
# A descriptor applied to [[Nerdanel]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wise, The}}
[[Category:Epithets]]
[[de:Die Weisen]]
[[fi:Viisas]]
[[fi:Viisaat]]

Percy Bates

2025-05-14T19:24:46Z

Blu3r4d0n: corrected Inkling to Inklings

'''Sir Percy Elly Bates''' [[Order of the British Empire|GBE]] ([[12 May]] [[1879]] – [[16 October]] [[1946]]) was an occasional member of the [[Inklings]] with [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

=External links=
* {{WP|Percy Bates}}
*[http://cslewisjrrtolkien.classicalautographs.com/inklings/percybates/ Percy Bates]
*[http://www.sarsfieldmemorialsliverpool.co.uk/liverpool-shipowner-sir-percy-elly-bates-4th-baronet/ Sarsfield Memorials Liverpool]
{{inklings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bates, Percy}}
[[Category:Inklings]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

Talk:Eär

2024-09-05T23:56:18Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Question */ new section

== Question ==

Is the correct page title supposed to be ëar or eär? I don't know enough Quenya to determine which is correct. [[User:Blu3r4d0n|Blu3r4d0n]] ([[User talk:Blu3r4d0n|talk]]) 23:56, 5 September 2024 (UTC)

Nenya

2024-09-05T23:51:11Z

Blu3r4d0n: fix case of section title

{{object infobox
| name=Nenya
| image = J.R.R. Tolkien - Nenya.jpg
| caption=Nenya by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈneɲa]}}
| othernames=Ring of Adamant, Ring of Water, The White Ring
| location=[[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]]
| owner=[[Celebrimbor]], [[Galadriel]]
| type=Ring
| appearance=Made of ''[[mithril]]'' and set with a white stone of adamant
| creator=[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=c. between {{SA|1500}} and {{SA|1590|n}}
| createdlocation=[[Eregion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}

'''Nenya''' was one of the [[Rings of Power]], specifically one of the "[[Three Rings]] for the Elven Kings under the sky". Also known as the '''Ring of Adamant'''<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}, pp. 365-366</ref> and the '''Ring of Water''',<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> it was made of ''[[mithril]]'' and set with a white stone<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}, p. 1028</ref> of adamant.<ref name="Rings" />

==History==
Nenya was made by [[Celebrimbor]] of [[Eregion]] alone,<ref name="Rings" /> between c. {{SA|1500}}<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1500, p. 1083</ref> and c. {{SA|1590|n}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1590, p. 1083</ref> along with the other two Elven Rings, [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]]. After Celebrimbor discovered that [[Sauron]] had forged [[the One Ring]] in {{SA|1600}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1600, p. 1083</ref> he went to [[Lothlórien]] to seek the counsel of [[Galadriel]]. They were unwilling to destroy the Rings, so Galadriel advised Celebrimbor to keep them hidden, unused, and dispersed far from Eregion. Celebrimbor followed this counsel, first by giving Nenya to Galadriel. The power of this Ring strengthened and beautified the realm of Lothlórien, but it also increased Galadriel's desire for the [[Belegaer|Sea]] and return to the [[Undying Lands|West]].<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|''Galadriel'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
The ring wielded by Galadriel was not normally visible. On [[15 February]] {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, February 15, p. 1092</ref> [[Frodo Baggins]] saw Nenya on Galadriel's finger, for it could not be hidden from the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]. [[Samwise Gamgee]] told Galadriel he only "saw a star through your fingers".<ref name="Mirror" /><ref group="note">This comment appeared in many editions of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' as "finger"—which sounds more magical, since it suggests that her finger had somehow become transparent—but ''[[The Treason of Isengard]]'', ch. 13, note 34, mentioned it as an error.</ref>

Nenya's power was preservation, protection, and concealment from evil. After the destruction of the One Ring and the defeat of Sauron, its power faded along with the other Rings of Power. Galadriel bore Nenya on a ship from the [[Grey Havens]] into the [[Aman|West]], accompanied by the other two Elven Rings and their bearers.<ref name="Havens" /> With Nenya gone, the magic and beauty of Lothlórien also faded and it was gradually depopulated, until by the time [[Arwen]] came there to die in {{FoA| 121}}, it was deserted and in ruins.<ref>{{App|Tale}}, p. 1063</ref>

==Etymology==
The name is [[Quenya]] from ''[[nén]]'' ("water")<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''nen''</ref> + ''[[-ya]]'' (adjective suffix).

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Nenya was known as [[Eär|Ëar]], the [[Quenya]] word for Sea. <ref>excerpt from MS. Tolkien, 3/1/12. published in {{HM|RC}}, "The Grey Haven", p. 671</ref>{{references|note}}
{{rings}}

{{#related:Narya}}

[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[Category:Quenya adjectives]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Nenya]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/nenya]]
[[fi:Nenya]]

Narya

2024-09-05T23:50:59Z

Blu3r4d0n: fix case of section title

{{SHORTDESC:One of the three Elven rings}}
{{object infobox
| name=Narya
| image = J.R.R. Tolkien - Narya.jpg
| caption=Narya by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈnarʲa]}}
| othernames=The Red Ring, The Ring of Fire, The Third Ring
| location=[[Eregion]], [[Lindon]], later various
| owner=[[Celebrimbor]], [[Círdan]], [[Gandalf]]
| type=Ring
| appearance=Set with a ruby;<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> "the stone upon it was red as fire"<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref>
| creator=[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=c. {{SA|1590}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref>
| createdlocation=[[Eregion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}

'''Narya''', the '''Ring of Fire''' or '''Red Ring''', was one of the [[Rings of Power]], specifically one of the "[[Three Rings]] for the Elven Kings under the sky".

==History==
Created by [[Celebrimbor]] after ''Annatar'' had left [[Eregion]], it was free of Annatar's ([[Sauron]]'s) influence due to the fact that the Elves hid their three rings from him upon discerning his intent, but it was still bound to [[the One Ring]].

In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Gil-galad receives only [[Vilya]], while Círdan receives Narya from the very beginning. In the [[Third Age]], Círdan gave the ring to [[Gandalf]] for his labours.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

According to the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', at the start of the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] Celebrimbor gave Narya together with the Ring [[Vilya]] to [[Gil-galad]], High King of the [[Noldor]]. Gil-galad entrusted Narya to his lieutenant [[Círdan]], Lord of the Havens of [[Grey Havens|Mithlond]], who kept it after Gil-galad's death.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

It is described as having the power to inspire others to resist tyranny, as well as (in common with the other Three Rings) hiding the wielder from remote observation (except by the wielder of the One) and giving resistance to the weariness of time:

{{blockquote|Take this ring, master, [...] for your labours will be heavy; but it will support you in the weariness that you have taken upon yourself. For this is the Ring of Fire, and with it you may rekindle hearts in a world that grows chill.|[[Círdan]] the Shipwright<ref name="TA"/>}}

==Etymology==
The name ''Narya'' is [[Quenya]], deriving from the elements ''[[nár]]'' ("fire as an element")<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''nár''</ref> + ''[[-ya]]'' (adjective suffix).

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In an early version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Narya was known as [[Kemen]], the [[Quenya]] word for Earth. <ref>excerpt from MS. Tolkien, 3/1/12. published in {{HM|RC}}, "The Grey Haven", p. 671</ref>

==External links==
*[http://jonathansmcintosh.wordpress.com/2015/01/07/lord-of-the-rings-as-narya-the-ring-of-fire/ “Lord of the Rings” as Narya, the Ring of Fire] by Jonathan McIntosh

{{references}}
{{rings}}
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya adjectives]]
[[de:Narya]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/narya]]
[[fi:Narya]]

Vilya

2024-09-05T23:50:31Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Other Versions of the Legendarium */ fix case of section title

{{disambig-two|the Ring of Power|Quenya word and the tengwa|[[Vilya (word)]]}}
{{object infobox

| name=Vilya
| image = J.R.R. Tolkien - Vilya.jpg
| caption=Vilya by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈviʎa]}}
| othernames=The Blue Ring, Ring of Air, Ring of Sapphire
| location=[[Eregion]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]]
| owner=[[Celebrimbor]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Elrond]]
| type=Ring
| appearance=Ring of gold with a great blue sapphire
| creator=[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=c. {{SA|1590}}
| createdlocation=[[Eregion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}

'''Vilya''' was one of the [[Rings of Power]], specifically one of the "[[Three Rings]] for the Elven Kings under the sky".

==Characteristics==
Vilya was made of gold with a great blue<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}, p. 1028</ref> sapphire.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> It was also called the '''Ring of Sapphire''',<ref name="Rings" /> the '''Ring of Air'''<ref name="Rings" /><ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> or the '''Blue Ring'''.<ref name="Concerning" /> Vilya was the most powerful of the three rings of the Elves<ref name="Havens" /> and like the other two had the power to prevent decay through the effect of time and to postpone the weariness of the world.<ref name="Rings" />

==History==
Around {{SA|1200}}, Sauron took on a fair form and went to the elven city of [[Eregion]] and pretended to be an emissary of the [[Valar]] called [[Annatar]]. [[Gil-galad]] did not allow Sauron or his emissaries to enter the elven Kingdom of [[Lindon]] and [[Galadriel]] scorned Sauron, but Sauron was accepted as an instructor by [[Celebrimbor]], the Lord of Eregion, and by the other elven smiths in Eregion and taught them how to forge rings of power. After the smiths of Eregion started to make the rings of power Sauron left Eregion around {{SA|1500}} and returned to [[Mordor]].

By {{SA|1590}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year ''c.'' 1590, p. 1083</ref> Celebrimbor had forged all Three Rings of the Elves alone, but with knowledge that he had gained from Annatar. As a result, none of the Three Rings were stained by the evil of Sauron. However, like all the Rings of the Elves, Vilya was still under Sauron's influence when he wielded [[The One Ring]], which held dominion over all the others.

When Sauron forged the One Ring and put it on his finger around {{SA|1600}}<ref name="Second">{{App|SA}}, p. 1083</ref> Celebrimbor<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p. 253</ref> and the other Elves became aware of his plan to be the master of the wearers of the rings and took off their rings<ref name="Rings" /> and Celebrimbor revolted against Sauron.<ref name="Concerning" /> After Sauron became aware of the revolt of Celebrimbor, he prepared a war against the Elves to take the Rings of Power by force. When Sauron started his war agains the Elves in {{SA|1693}},<ref name="Second" /> Celebrimbor went to [[Lothlórien]] to discuss the situation with [[Galadriel]], who advised him to hide the rings and disperse them far from Eregion. At that time Galadriel received [[Nenya]] from Celebrimbor, while Vilya and [[Narya]] were sent by Celebrimbor to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]].<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|237}} In {{SA|1697}},<ref name="Second" /> Sauron destroyed Eregion, captured and tortured Celebrimbor and had him killed after he only told him of the location of the Nine Rings and the Seven Rings, but did not tell him the location of the Three Rings of the Elves.<ref name="Concerning" /> Sauron was eventually defeated and driven out of Eriador in {{SA|1701}}.<ref name="Second" />

After the defeat of Sauron, a [[White Council|Council]] was held in [[Imladris]], and the place was chosen to be the Elven stronghold of the East. Gil-Galad gave Vilya to [[Elrond]] and appointed him to be his vice-regent in Eriador.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|239}} Elrond hid Vilya and never used it openly as long as Sauron was in possession of the One Ring. However, the power of Vilya was always used to create mirth and to prevent things from being changed by the effect of time. For this reason at the end of the Third Age it was known to the Elves that the Ring of Sapphire was kept by Elrond in Rivendell.<ref name="Rings" />

Upon Sauron's defeat and the destruction of the One Ring in {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, p. 1085</ref> Vilya lost its power and it went over the sea along with Elrond at the end of the Third Age.<ref name="Havens" />

==Etymology==
''[[Vilya (word)|vilya]]'' is a [[Quenya]] word for "air, sky".<ref name="Names">{{App|Letters}}, Note, ''The names of the letters'', p. 1123</ref> However, as Paul Strack notices, given how the names of the other Elven rings are formed, it could be the combination of [[root]] [[WIL]] + [[-ya]] (adjectival suffix).<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-1943029509.html|articlename=Q. ''Vilya'' pn.|website=Eldamo|accessed=29 April 2021}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Vilya was known as [[Menel]], the [[Quenya]] word for Heaven. <ref>excerpt from MS. Tolkien, 3/1/12. published in {{HM|RC}}, "The Grey Haven", p. 671</ref>{{references}}{{rings}}
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[Category:Quenya adjectives]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/vilya]]

Three Rings

2024-09-05T23:50:07Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Other Versions of the Legendarium */ fix case of section title

{{object infobox
| name=Three Rings
| image=The Rings of Power - Three Rings.webp
| caption=The Three Rings in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The Rings of Power (TV series)]].
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Narya]], [[Nenya]], and [[Vilya]]
| location=
| owner=
| type=Rings
| appearance=
| creator=[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=ca. {{SA|1590}}.<ref name="SA"/>
| createdlocation=[[Eregion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
| audio=
| audiocaption=
}}
{{quote|And of all the Elven-rings Sauron most desired to possess them, for those who had them in their keeping could ward off the decays of time and postpone the weariness of the world.|''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''}}

The '''Three Rings''' were magical artifacts, three of the [[Rings of Power]]. They were forged by [[Celebrimbor]] and granted the power to preserve<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><ref name="L131">{{L|131}}</ref><ref name="L144">{{L|144}}</ref><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}, p. 268</ref> the beauty<ref name="L131" /> of things by stopping change and warding off the decay of time<ref>{{L|181}}</ref> and postponing the weariness of the world.<ref name="Rings" /> They had the greatest power of the Rings of Power. The Three Rings were named '''[[Vilya]]''', '''[[Narya]]''', and '''[[Nenya]]''' after the principal elements of air, fire, and water (respectively).<ref name="Rings" />

The other [[Rings of Power]] had powers, which were more directly derived from Sauron, like making their wearers invisible or making things from the invisible world visible for their wearers, but the Three Rings did not make their wearers invisible.<ref name="L131" /> [[Sauron]] did not assist in their making nor ever did he touch them, and his taint was not directly upon them, but, as they were partly created according to the craft taught by him,<ref name="L144" /> they were under the control of [[The One Ring]].<ref name="Rings" /><ref name="L144" />

==Names and descriptions==
*'''[[Nenya]]''', the '''Ring of Adamant'''<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|II7}}</ref> and the '''Ring of Water''',<ref name="Rings" /> was made of ''[[mithril]]'' with a stone of adamant;<ref name="Rings" /> it was the chief of the Three,<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, p. 251</ref> originally — and only ever — worn by [[Galadriel]].
*'''[[Narya]]''', the '''Ring of Fire''' and the '''Red Ring''', set with a ruby,<ref name="Rings" /> originally worn by [[Círdan]]<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref><ref name="Rings" /> who gave it to [[Gandalf]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>
*'''[[Vilya]]''', the '''Ring of Sapphire''', '''Blue Ring''', and the '''Ring of Air''', and mightiest of the Three,<ref name="Grey">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> a ring of gold with a sapphire stone,<ref name="Rings" /> originally worn by [[Gil-galad]] but given to [[Elrond]].<ref name="Rings" />

The Rings were named after the three principal elements, each matching the colour of their stones. They were originally given to the three greatest [[Eldar]] in [[Middle-earth]] at that time.<ref name="SA" /><ref name="Rings" /> Their names also match the fates of the three [[Silmarils]].<ref group="note">[[Eärendil]] kept one in the sky, [[Maedhros]] cast one with himself in deep fire, and [[Maglor]] either threw one into the sea or cast himself with it into the sea.</ref><ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref><ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Concerning ... 'The Hoard']]''</ref> However, not much is known about their specific powers and whether they had anything to do with each element.

==History==
After "[[Annatar]]" taught and assisted the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] with creating the [[Rings of Power]], he left [[Eregion]]. Celebrimbor went on to forge another Three Rings alone, with the knowledge he had gained from Annatar. This was completed by around {{SA|1590}}.<ref name="SA" /> These Three were "unsullied," never touched by the hand of Sauron.<ref name="Rings" /> Sauron learned of their making, and desired to possess these Three over all the others.<ref name="Rings" />

When Sauron created the One Ring, the Elves who wore the Rings of Power heard his voice, realized they had been deceived, and took off their rings.<ref name="Rings" />
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Ringbearers.jpg|thumb|''Ringbearers'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
As the Elves failed him, Sauron [[War of the Elves and Sauron|waged war]] against Eregion in {{SA|1693}}. Celebrimbor immediately sent his three rings away for safekeeping:<ref name="SA" /> he gave Nenya to [[Galadriel]] in [[Lothlórien]], who advised him to send the other two to [[Lindon]], away from Sauron, so he gave Vilya to [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Gil-galad]] and Narya to [[Círdan]].<ref name="Rings" />

Sauron succeeded in claiming the Rings of Power. But the Three remained outside his grasp and their whereabouts were seldom revealed.

After Sauron's defeat in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] at the end of the [[Second Age]], the [[Keepers of the Three Rings]] were free to wear them. During the [[Third Age]], the Rings were not idle.<ref>{{FR|Council}}, Elrond's words to Gloin</ref> They were used to create enclaves of peace and protection where memory and beauty were preserved from wear and decay.<ref name="Rings" /><ref name="L131" />

During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins]] found out that Galadriel held Nenya, using it to preserve [[Lothlórien]] from withering, and [[Aragorn]] reprimanded him for revealing this. The other two rings were revealed at the end of the Third Age, after Frodo destroyed [[the One Ring]], and the Dark Lord Sauron was completely overthrown. It transpired that [[Elrond]] had wielded [[Vilya]] and presumably used its powers to keep [[Rivendell]] a haven safe from attack. It was [[Gandalf]] who wielded [[Narya]], given to him by [[Círdan]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, p. 389</ref>

With the destruction of the One Ring on [[25 March]] {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 25, p. 1094</ref> the Three Rings lost their power.<ref name="L144" /><ref name="Council" /><ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 971</ref> Not being able to hold back time and preserve the High-elven lore and beauty, their bearers, in the [[Last Riding of the Keepers of the Rings]], left [[Middle-earth]] with the Three Rings on the [[White Ship]] on [[29 September]] {{TA|3021}}.<ref>{{App|Chief}}, entry for the year 3021, September 29, p. 1096</ref><ref>{{RK|Havens}}, pp. 1028-30</ref> The [[Third Age]] ended and the [[Dominion of Men]] began.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' the Three Rings were known as [[Kemen]], [[Eär|Ëar]], and [[Menel]]. <ref>excerpt from MS. Tolkien, 3/1/12. published in {{HM|RC}}, "The Grey Haven", p. 671</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===The Three Rings in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Three Rings.png|The "tall Elf kings" in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Three Rings.jpg|The Three Rings in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Three Elven Rings.png|The Three Rings in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|''The Rings of Power'' Amazon series]]
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|Ralph Bakshi's ''The Lord of the Rings'']]:'''
:In the introduction of the movie, the Three Rings are said to be made "for the tall Elf Kings" as three unidentified silhouettes are seen holding and lifting the Rings.

'''2001-3: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:In the prologue to the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|first film]], the Three Rings are show briefly being borne by [[Galadriel]], [[Gil-galad]] and [[Círdan]]; later in the film Galadriel reveals to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that she possesses [[Nenya]]. In the final film, although [[Gandalf]] can be seen wearing [[Narya]], its significance is never stated.

'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:In the [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of the film, we see Narya on Gandalf's finger as an [[Orcs|Orc]] attempts to cut off his hand in an attempt to claim it for [[Sauron]]. However, Galadriel arrives to rescue Gandalf and vanquishes the Orc in the nick of time. She can be seen wielding Nenya on her finger throughout the scene. During the subsequent battle against the [[Nazgûl]], Vilya can be glimpsed on Elrond's finger.

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', Season One:'''
:'''Episode 8: ''[[Alloyed]]'':'''
:In this adaptation, various events found in the books are compressed, rearranged and/or omitted. The Three Rings are forged immediately after the departure of Annatar/[[Sauron]] from Eregion, but the other sixteen Rings of Power are either not discussed or not yet created. In this version, the Three Rings are not presented as the culmination of the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain|Elven-smiths]]' prior work on rings. The new, magical properties of [[mithril]] made up for the series serve as the main representation of all [[Magic|magical craft]] done by the Elven-smiths.
:The concept that became the Three Rings was first thought of as a crown to be put upon the [[Gil-Galad|High King Gil-Galad]]'s brow, as they needed something circular to keep the power going in an unbroken round. Yet, since there ultimately was not enough [[mithril]] to do this, the concept changed to something smaller: two [[Rings of Power]]. After Galadriel found out about [[Halbrand]] being Sauron from an [[Lambengolmor|Elven Loremaster]], she tells [[Celebrimbor|Lord Celebrimbor]] that they cannot make two rings, for she says that "one will only corrupt" and that "two will always divide." "With three," Celebrimbor responds, "there is balance."
:However, at the same time, Celebrimbor reveals that the mithril will not bond with the lesser ores, unless they be pure, naming [[gold]] and [[silver]] from [[Valinor]] as an example, but clearly meaning that he needs [[Finrod|Finrod's dagger]]. Galadriel somewhat reluctantly agrees. When the melting is done, Galadriel states that the power that they craft here must be solely for the [[Elves]]. Upon taking the melted dagger out of the furnace and onto a spinning device, Elrond provides the mithril ore that [[Durin IV|Prince Durin IV]] had given him as a token of their friendship. The mithril melts into the dagger, and the liquid is poured into three small steel cups to outline the physical appearance of the future rings. These outlines are then taken by the Elven-smiths, and bent into the shape of the Three Rings. Celebrimbor then binds jewels to each ring. The Ring's names and properties are never mentioned.

{{references|notes}}
{{rings}}
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[de:Elbenringe]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/trois anneaux]]
[[fi:Kolme Sormusta]]

Three Rings

2024-09-05T23:49:24Z

Blu3r4d0n: added info about earlier name

{{object infobox
| name=Three Rings
| image=The Rings of Power - Three Rings.webp
| caption=The Three Rings in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The Rings of Power (TV series)]].
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Narya]], [[Nenya]], and [[Vilya]]
| location=
| owner=
| type=Rings
| appearance=
| creator=[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=ca. {{SA|1590}}.<ref name="SA"/>
| createdlocation=[[Eregion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
| audio=
| audiocaption=
}}
{{quote|And of all the Elven-rings Sauron most desired to possess them, for those who had them in their keeping could ward off the decays of time and postpone the weariness of the world.|''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''}}

The '''Three Rings''' were magical artifacts, three of the [[Rings of Power]]. They were forged by [[Celebrimbor]] and granted the power to preserve<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><ref name="L131">{{L|131}}</ref><ref name="L144">{{L|144}}</ref><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}, p. 268</ref> the beauty<ref name="L131" /> of things by stopping change and warding off the decay of time<ref>{{L|181}}</ref> and postponing the weariness of the world.<ref name="Rings" /> They had the greatest power of the Rings of Power. The Three Rings were named '''[[Vilya]]''', '''[[Narya]]''', and '''[[Nenya]]''' after the principal elements of air, fire, and water (respectively).<ref name="Rings" />

The other [[Rings of Power]] had powers, which were more directly derived from Sauron, like making their wearers invisible or making things from the invisible world visible for their wearers, but the Three Rings did not make their wearers invisible.<ref name="L131" /> [[Sauron]] did not assist in their making nor ever did he touch them, and his taint was not directly upon them, but, as they were partly created according to the craft taught by him,<ref name="L144" /> they were under the control of [[The One Ring]].<ref name="Rings" /><ref name="L144" />

==Names and descriptions==
*'''[[Nenya]]''', the '''Ring of Adamant'''<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|II7}}</ref> and the '''Ring of Water''',<ref name="Rings" /> was made of ''[[mithril]]'' with a stone of adamant;<ref name="Rings" /> it was the chief of the Three,<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, p. 251</ref> originally — and only ever — worn by [[Galadriel]].
*'''[[Narya]]''', the '''Ring of Fire''' and the '''Red Ring''', set with a ruby,<ref name="Rings" /> originally worn by [[Círdan]]<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref><ref name="Rings" /> who gave it to [[Gandalf]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>
*'''[[Vilya]]''', the '''Ring of Sapphire''', '''Blue Ring''', and the '''Ring of Air''', and mightiest of the Three,<ref name="Grey">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> a ring of gold with a sapphire stone,<ref name="Rings" /> originally worn by [[Gil-galad]] but given to [[Elrond]].<ref name="Rings" />

The Rings were named after the three principal elements, each matching the colour of their stones. They were originally given to the three greatest [[Eldar]] in [[Middle-earth]] at that time.<ref name="SA" /><ref name="Rings" /> Their names also match the fates of the three [[Silmarils]].<ref group="note">[[Eärendil]] kept one in the sky, [[Maedhros]] cast one with himself in deep fire, and [[Maglor]] either threw one into the sea or cast himself with it into the sea.</ref><ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref><ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Concerning ... 'The Hoard']]''</ref> However, not much is known about their specific powers and whether they had anything to do with each element.

==History==
After "[[Annatar]]" taught and assisted the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] with creating the [[Rings of Power]], he left [[Eregion]]. Celebrimbor went on to forge another Three Rings alone, with the knowledge he had gained from Annatar. This was completed by around {{SA|1590}}.<ref name="SA" /> These Three were "unsullied," never touched by the hand of Sauron.<ref name="Rings" /> Sauron learned of their making, and desired to possess these Three over all the others.<ref name="Rings" />

When Sauron created the One Ring, the Elves who wore the Rings of Power heard his voice, realized they had been deceived, and took off their rings.<ref name="Rings" />
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Ringbearers.jpg|thumb|''Ringbearers'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
As the Elves failed him, Sauron [[War of the Elves and Sauron|waged war]] against Eregion in {{SA|1693}}. Celebrimbor immediately sent his three rings away for safekeeping:<ref name="SA" /> he gave Nenya to [[Galadriel]] in [[Lothlórien]], who advised him to send the other two to [[Lindon]], away from Sauron, so he gave Vilya to [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Gil-galad]] and Narya to [[Círdan]].<ref name="Rings" />

Sauron succeeded in claiming the Rings of Power. But the Three remained outside his grasp and their whereabouts were seldom revealed.

After Sauron's defeat in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] at the end of the [[Second Age]], the [[Keepers of the Three Rings]] were free to wear them. During the [[Third Age]], the Rings were not idle.<ref>{{FR|Council}}, Elrond's words to Gloin</ref> They were used to create enclaves of peace and protection where memory and beauty were preserved from wear and decay.<ref name="Rings" /><ref name="L131" />

During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins]] found out that Galadriel held Nenya, using it to preserve [[Lothlórien]] from withering, and [[Aragorn]] reprimanded him for revealing this. The other two rings were revealed at the end of the Third Age, after Frodo destroyed [[the One Ring]], and the Dark Lord Sauron was completely overthrown. It transpired that [[Elrond]] had wielded [[Vilya]] and presumably used its powers to keep [[Rivendell]] a haven safe from attack. It was [[Gandalf]] who wielded [[Narya]], given to him by [[Círdan]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, p. 389</ref>

With the destruction of the One Ring on [[25 March]] {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 25, p. 1094</ref> the Three Rings lost their power.<ref name="L144" /><ref name="Council" /><ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 971</ref> Not being able to hold back time and preserve the High-elven lore and beauty, their bearers, in the [[Last Riding of the Keepers of the Rings]], left [[Middle-earth]] with the Three Rings on the [[White Ship]] on [[29 September]] {{TA|3021}}.<ref>{{App|Chief}}, entry for the year 3021, September 29, p. 1096</ref><ref>{{RK|Havens}}, pp. 1028-30</ref> The [[Third Age]] ended and the [[Dominion of Men]] began.

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In an early version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' the Three Rings were known as [[Kemen]], [[Eär|Ëar]], and [[Menel]]. <ref>excerpt from MS. Tolkien, 3/1/12. published in {{HM|RC}}, "The Grey Haven", p. 671</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===The Three Rings in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Three Rings.png|The "tall Elf kings" in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Three Rings.jpg|The Three Rings in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Three Elven Rings.png|The Three Rings in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|''The Rings of Power'' Amazon series]]
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|Ralph Bakshi's ''The Lord of the Rings'']]:'''
:In the introduction of the movie, the Three Rings are said to be made "for the tall Elf Kings" as three unidentified silhouettes are seen holding and lifting the Rings.

'''2001-3: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:In the prologue to the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|first film]], the Three Rings are show briefly being borne by [[Galadriel]], [[Gil-galad]] and [[Círdan]]; later in the film Galadriel reveals to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that she possesses [[Nenya]]. In the final film, although [[Gandalf]] can be seen wearing [[Narya]], its significance is never stated.

'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:In the [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of the film, we see Narya on Gandalf's finger as an [[Orcs|Orc]] attempts to cut off his hand in an attempt to claim it for [[Sauron]]. However, Galadriel arrives to rescue Gandalf and vanquishes the Orc in the nick of time. She can be seen wielding Nenya on her finger throughout the scene. During the subsequent battle against the [[Nazgûl]], Vilya can be glimpsed on Elrond's finger.

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', Season One:'''
:'''Episode 8: ''[[Alloyed]]'':'''
:In this adaptation, various events found in the books are compressed, rearranged and/or omitted. The Three Rings are forged immediately after the departure of Annatar/[[Sauron]] from Eregion, but the other sixteen Rings of Power are either not discussed or not yet created. In this version, the Three Rings are not presented as the culmination of the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain|Elven-smiths]]' prior work on rings. The new, magical properties of [[mithril]] made up for the series serve as the main representation of all [[Magic|magical craft]] done by the Elven-smiths.
:The concept that became the Three Rings was first thought of as a crown to be put upon the [[Gil-Galad|High King Gil-Galad]]'s brow, as they needed something circular to keep the power going in an unbroken round. Yet, since there ultimately was not enough [[mithril]] to do this, the concept changed to something smaller: two [[Rings of Power]]. After Galadriel found out about [[Halbrand]] being Sauron from an [[Lambengolmor|Elven Loremaster]], she tells [[Celebrimbor|Lord Celebrimbor]] that they cannot make two rings, for she says that "one will only corrupt" and that "two will always divide." "With three," Celebrimbor responds, "there is balance."
:However, at the same time, Celebrimbor reveals that the mithril will not bond with the lesser ores, unless they be pure, naming [[gold]] and [[silver]] from [[Valinor]] as an example, but clearly meaning that he needs [[Finrod|Finrod's dagger]]. Galadriel somewhat reluctantly agrees. When the melting is done, Galadriel states that the power that they craft here must be solely for the [[Elves]]. Upon taking the melted dagger out of the furnace and onto a spinning device, Elrond provides the mithril ore that [[Durin IV|Prince Durin IV]] had given him as a token of their friendship. The mithril melts into the dagger, and the liquid is poured into three small steel cups to outline the physical appearance of the future rings. These outlines are then taken by the Elven-smiths, and bent into the shape of the Three Rings. Celebrimbor then binds jewels to each ring. The Ring's names and properties are never mentioned.

{{references|notes}}
{{rings}}
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[de:Elbenringe]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/trois anneaux]]
[[fi:Kolme Sormusta]]

Vilya

2024-09-05T23:47:20Z

Blu3r4d0n: added info about an early name for Vilya

{{disambig-two|the Ring of Power|Quenya word and the tengwa|[[Vilya (word)]]}}
{{object infobox

| name=Vilya
| image = J.R.R. Tolkien - Vilya.jpg
| caption=Vilya by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈviʎa]}}
| othernames=The Blue Ring, Ring of Air, Ring of Sapphire
| location=[[Eregion]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]]
| owner=[[Celebrimbor]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Elrond]]
| type=Ring
| appearance=Ring of gold with a great blue sapphire
| creator=[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=c. {{SA|1590}}
| createdlocation=[[Eregion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}

'''Vilya''' was one of the [[Rings of Power]], specifically one of the "[[Three Rings]] for the Elven Kings under the sky".

==Characteristics==
Vilya was made of gold with a great blue<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}, p. 1028</ref> sapphire.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> It was also called the '''Ring of Sapphire''',<ref name="Rings" /> the '''Ring of Air'''<ref name="Rings" /><ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> or the '''Blue Ring'''.<ref name="Concerning" /> Vilya was the most powerful of the three rings of the Elves<ref name="Havens" /> and like the other two had the power to prevent decay through the effect of time and to postpone the weariness of the world.<ref name="Rings" />

==History==
Around {{SA|1200}}, Sauron took on a fair form and went to the elven city of [[Eregion]] and pretended to be an emissary of the [[Valar]] called [[Annatar]]. [[Gil-galad]] did not allow Sauron or his emissaries to enter the elven Kingdom of [[Lindon]] and [[Galadriel]] scorned Sauron, but Sauron was accepted as an instructor by [[Celebrimbor]], the Lord of Eregion, and by the other elven smiths in Eregion and taught them how to forge rings of power. After the smiths of Eregion started to make the rings of power Sauron left Eregion around {{SA|1500}} and returned to [[Mordor]].

By {{SA|1590}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year ''c.'' 1590, p. 1083</ref> Celebrimbor had forged all Three Rings of the Elves alone, but with knowledge that he had gained from Annatar. As a result, none of the Three Rings were stained by the evil of Sauron. However, like all the Rings of the Elves, Vilya was still under Sauron's influence when he wielded [[The One Ring]], which held dominion over all the others.

When Sauron forged the One Ring and put it on his finger around {{SA|1600}}<ref name="Second">{{App|SA}}, p. 1083</ref> Celebrimbor<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p. 253</ref> and the other Elves became aware of his plan to be the master of the wearers of the rings and took off their rings<ref name="Rings" /> and Celebrimbor revolted against Sauron.<ref name="Concerning" /> After Sauron became aware of the revolt of Celebrimbor, he prepared a war against the Elves to take the Rings of Power by force. When Sauron started his war agains the Elves in {{SA|1693}},<ref name="Second" /> Celebrimbor went to [[Lothlórien]] to discuss the situation with [[Galadriel]], who advised him to hide the rings and disperse them far from Eregion. At that time Galadriel received [[Nenya]] from Celebrimbor, while Vilya and [[Narya]] were sent by Celebrimbor to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]].<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|237}} In {{SA|1697}},<ref name="Second" /> Sauron destroyed Eregion, captured and tortured Celebrimbor and had him killed after he only told him of the location of the Nine Rings and the Seven Rings, but did not tell him the location of the Three Rings of the Elves.<ref name="Concerning" /> Sauron was eventually defeated and driven out of Eriador in {{SA|1701}}.<ref name="Second" />

After the defeat of Sauron, a [[White Council|Council]] was held in [[Imladris]], and the place was chosen to be the Elven stronghold of the East. Gil-Galad gave Vilya to [[Elrond]] and appointed him to be his vice-regent in Eriador.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|239}} Elrond hid Vilya and never used it openly as long as Sauron was in possession of the One Ring. However, the power of Vilya was always used to create mirth and to prevent things from being changed by the effect of time. For this reason at the end of the Third Age it was known to the Elves that the Ring of Sapphire was kept by Elrond in Rivendell.<ref name="Rings" />

Upon Sauron's defeat and the destruction of the One Ring in {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, p. 1085</ref> Vilya lost its power and it went over the sea along with Elrond at the end of the Third Age.<ref name="Havens" />

==Etymology==
''[[Vilya (word)|vilya]]'' is a [[Quenya]] word for "air, sky".<ref name="Names">{{App|Letters}}, Note, ''The names of the letters'', p. 1123</ref> However, as Paul Strack notices, given how the names of the other Elven rings are formed, it could be the combination of [[root]] [[WIL]] + [[-ya]] (adjectival suffix).<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-1943029509.html|articlename=Q. ''Vilya'' pn.|website=Eldamo|accessed=29 April 2021}}</ref>

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In an early version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Vilya was known as [[Menel]], the [[Quenya]] word for Heaven. <ref>excerpt from MS. Tolkien, 3/1/12. published in {{HM|RC}}, "The Grey Haven", p. 671</ref>{{references}}{{rings}}
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[Category:Quenya adjectives]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/vilya]]

Nenya

2024-09-05T23:45:56Z

Blu3r4d0n: added info about an early name for Nenya

{{object infobox
| name=Nenya
| image = J.R.R. Tolkien - Nenya.jpg
| caption=Nenya by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈneɲa]}}
| othernames=Ring of Adamant, Ring of Water, The White Ring
| location=[[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]]
| owner=[[Celebrimbor]], [[Galadriel]]
| type=Ring
| appearance=Made of ''[[mithril]]'' and set with a white stone of adamant
| creator=[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=c. between {{SA|1500}} and {{SA|1590|n}}
| createdlocation=[[Eregion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}

'''Nenya''' was one of the [[Rings of Power]], specifically one of the "[[Three Rings]] for the Elven Kings under the sky". Also known as the '''Ring of Adamant'''<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}, pp. 365-366</ref> and the '''Ring of Water''',<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> it was made of ''[[mithril]]'' and set with a white stone<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}, p. 1028</ref> of adamant.<ref name="Rings" />

==History==
Nenya was made by [[Celebrimbor]] of [[Eregion]] alone,<ref name="Rings" /> between c. {{SA|1500}}<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1500, p. 1083</ref> and c. {{SA|1590|n}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1590, p. 1083</ref> along with the other two Elven Rings, [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]]. After Celebrimbor discovered that [[Sauron]] had forged [[the One Ring]] in {{SA|1600}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1600, p. 1083</ref> he went to [[Lothlórien]] to seek the counsel of [[Galadriel]]. They were unwilling to destroy the Rings, so Galadriel advised Celebrimbor to keep them hidden, unused, and dispersed far from Eregion. Celebrimbor followed this counsel, first by giving Nenya to Galadriel. The power of this Ring strengthened and beautified the realm of Lothlórien, but it also increased Galadriel's desire for the [[Belegaer|Sea]] and return to the [[Undying Lands|West]].<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|''Galadriel'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
The ring wielded by Galadriel was not normally visible. On [[15 February]] {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, February 15, p. 1092</ref> [[Frodo Baggins]] saw Nenya on Galadriel's finger, for it could not be hidden from the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]. [[Samwise Gamgee]] told Galadriel he only "saw a star through your fingers".<ref name="Mirror" /><ref group="note">This comment appeared in many editions of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' as "finger"—which sounds more magical, since it suggests that her finger had somehow become transparent—but ''[[The Treason of Isengard]]'', ch. 13, note 34, mentioned it as an error.</ref>

Nenya's power was preservation, protection, and concealment from evil. After the destruction of the One Ring and the defeat of Sauron, its power faded along with the other Rings of Power. Galadriel bore Nenya on a ship from the [[Grey Havens]] into the [[Aman|West]], accompanied by the other two Elven Rings and their bearers.<ref name="Havens" /> With Nenya gone, the magic and beauty of Lothlórien also faded and it was gradually depopulated, until by the time [[Arwen]] came there to die in {{FoA| 121}}, it was deserted and in ruins.<ref>{{App|Tale}}, p. 1063</ref>

==Etymology==
The name is [[Quenya]] from ''[[nén]]'' ("water")<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''nen''</ref> + ''[[-ya]]'' (adjective suffix).

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In an early version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Nenya was known as [[Eär|Ëar]], the [[Quenya]] word for Sea. <ref>excerpt from MS. Tolkien, 3/1/12. published in {{HM|RC}}, "The Grey Haven", p. 671</ref>{{references|note}}
{{rings}}

{{#related:Narya}}

[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[Category:Quenya adjectives]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Nenya]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/nenya]]
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Narya

2024-09-05T23:43:45Z

Blu3r4d0n: added info about an early name for Narya

{{SHORTDESC:One of the three Elven rings}}
{{object infobox
| name=Narya
| image = J.R.R. Tolkien - Narya.jpg
| caption=Narya by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈnarʲa]}}
| othernames=The Red Ring, The Ring of Fire, The Third Ring
| location=[[Eregion]], [[Lindon]], later various
| owner=[[Celebrimbor]], [[Círdan]], [[Gandalf]]
| type=Ring
| appearance=Set with a ruby;<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> "the stone upon it was red as fire"<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref>
| creator=[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=c. {{SA|1590}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref>
| createdlocation=[[Eregion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}

'''Narya''', the '''Ring of Fire''' or '''Red Ring''', was one of the [[Rings of Power]], specifically one of the "[[Three Rings]] for the Elven Kings under the sky".

==History==
Created by [[Celebrimbor]] after ''Annatar'' had left [[Eregion]], it was free of Annatar's ([[Sauron]]'s) influence due to the fact that the Elves hid their three rings from him upon discerning his intent, but it was still bound to [[the One Ring]].

In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Gil-galad receives only [[Vilya]], while Círdan receives Narya from the very beginning. In the [[Third Age]], Círdan gave the ring to [[Gandalf]] for his labours.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

According to the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', at the start of the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] Celebrimbor gave Narya together with the Ring [[Vilya]] to [[Gil-galad]], High King of the [[Noldor]]. Gil-galad entrusted Narya to his lieutenant [[Círdan]], Lord of the Havens of [[Grey Havens|Mithlond]], who kept it after Gil-galad's death.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

It is described as having the power to inspire others to resist tyranny, as well as (in common with the other Three Rings) hiding the wielder from remote observation (except by the wielder of the One) and giving resistance to the weariness of time:

{{blockquote|Take this ring, master, [...] for your labours will be heavy; but it will support you in the weariness that you have taken upon yourself. For this is the Ring of Fire, and with it you may rekindle hearts in a world that grows chill.|[[Círdan]] the Shipwright<ref name="TA"/>}}

==Etymology==
The name ''Narya'' is [[Quenya]], deriving from the elements ''[[nár]]'' ("fire as an element")<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''nár''</ref> + ''[[-ya]]'' (adjective suffix).

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==

In an early version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Narya was known as [[Kemen]], the [[Quenya]] word for Earth. <ref>excerpt from MS. Tolkien, 3/1/12. published in {{HM|RC}}, "The Grey Haven", p. 671</ref>

==External links==
*[http://jonathansmcintosh.wordpress.com/2015/01/07/lord-of-the-rings-as-narya-the-ring-of-fire/ “Lord of the Rings” as Narya, the Ring of Fire] by Jonathan McIntosh

{{references}}
{{rings}}
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya adjectives]]
[[de:Narya]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/narya]]
[[fi:Narya]]

Mordor

2024-09-04T19:25:38Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Inspiration */ ref still was not fixed, also fixed typo

{{disambig-more|Mordor|[[Mordor (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=Ted Nasmith - Across Gorgoroth.jpg
| name=Mordor
| pronun=
| othernames=Dark Land, ''Nargûn'' ([[Khuzdul|K]])
| location=Within [[Ered Lithui]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]
| capital=[[Barad-dûr]]
| towns=[[Minas Morgul]], [[Carchost]], [[Narchost]], [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]], [[Durthang]]
| regions=[[Nurn]], [[Plateau of Gorgoroth|Gorgoroth]], [[Lithlad]], [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]]
| population=[[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Nazgûl]], [[Men]], other creatures of Evil
| language=[[Westron]], [[Black Speech]], [[Orkish]]
| govern1=[[Gondor]] (until the Great Plague) [[Sauron]] later ruled by his freed slaves
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Established
| event1date=c. {{SA|1000}}
| event2=Defeated
| event2date={{SA|3441}}
| event3=Nazgûl return
| event3date={{TA|1980}}
| event4=Sauron returns
| event4date={{TA|2941}}
| event5=Defeated
| event5date={{TA|3019}}
| followedby=
}}
{{quote|In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie.|[[Ring Verse]]}}
'''Mordor''' was a land in the south-east of the [[Westlands]] east of [[Gondor]]. During most of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s it was ruled by [[Sauron]] and it was his dwelling and base from which he attempted to conquer [[Middle-earth]].

Mordor was surrounded by three enormous mountain ridges from the North, from the West and from the South, protecting it from an unexpected invasion by any of the [[Free peoples]].

Only a few times in history did the free peoples have anything to do with Mordor; the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] broke into the land to fight Sauron, and millennia later [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] infiltrated that land to destroy [[the One Ring]].

==Geography==
Mordor was protected from three sides by mountain ranges, arranged roughly rectangularly: the [[Ered Lithui]] in the north, and the [[Ephel Dúath]] in the west until they turned to the east, forming a southern range.<ref name="FRMap">{{FR|Map}}</ref> The [[Morgul Pass]] led from the [[Morgul Vale]] in [[Ithilien]], wich was guarded by the city of [[Minas Morgul]] (earlier [[Minas Ithil]]) through the Ephel Dúath into Mordor; [[Cirith Ungol]], a higher more difficult pass was guarded by the giant spider [[Shelob]] and by the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]. Another known fortress was [[Durthang]] in the northern Ephel Dúath.<ref name="RKMap">{{RK|Map}}</ref>

In the north-west corner of Mordor the deep valley of [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]] was the only entrance for large armies, and that is where Sauron built the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor. In front of the Black Gate lay the [[Dagorlad]]. Sauron's main fortress [[Barad-dûr]] was at the foothills of [[Ered Lithui]]. To south-west of Barad-dûr lay the arid [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and the volcanic [[Mount Doom]] (also called [[Orodruin]]);<ref name="RKMap" /> to the east lay the plain of [[Lithlad]]. The land in the western parts of Mordor were largely infertile, producing only sparse [[Brambles of Mordor|brambles]].

The southern part of Mordor, [[Nurn]],<ref name="FRMap" /> was slighly more fertile, and moist enough to carry the inland [[sea of Núrnen]]. Nurn was made somewhat fertile because the ash blown from Mount Doom left its soil nutrient rich, thus allowing dry-land farming. Unfortunately, the inland sea of Núrn was salty, not freshwater.

To the west of Mordor was the narrow land of Ithilien with the great river [[Anduin]], to the east [[Rhûn]], and to the south-east, [[Khand]].<ref name="FRMap" />

==History==
===Early history===
[[Melkor]] created Mount Doom in the long [[First Age]], and the name "Mordor" may have been given to the land before Sauron settled there because of its eruptions.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 390 (note 14).</ref> Also in the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] migrated westward, and historians in Gondor believed that they came through lands south of Mordor and, after turning northward into Ithilien, became the first Men to cross the Anduin.<ref>{{UT|12b}}, pp. 339-340.</ref>

The first being known to occupy the mountains of Mordor was Shelob, fleeing from the [[War of Wrath]] in [[Beleriand]] at the end of the First Age. She fed herself on [[Elves]] and [[Men]] living or passing nearby until these became scarce.<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref>

Sauron settled in Mordor around {{SA|1000}}. In the north-western corner of this land stood Mount Doom, in which [[the One Ring]] would be forged. Near Orodruin he built his stronghold [[Barad-dûr]]. After this time, Sauron was known as the [[Dark Lord|Dark Lord of Mordor]].

For two and a half thousand years, Sauron ruled Mordor uninterruptedly. It was from Mordor that he [[War of the Elves and Sauron|made war against]] the [[Elves of Eregion]] and came to dominate most of Eriador in a period known as the [[Dark Years]]. That was until he was repelled by the [[High Men]] of [[Númenor]]. Retreating to Mordor, Sauron then directed his power over the far south and east of Mordor conquering and dominating the savage tribes of the [[Easterlings]] and the [[Haradrim]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> Almost a thousand years later, Sauron was captured by the Númenóreans and brought to their island kingdom, eventually causing its [[Númenor#Destruction|destruction]]. Sauron returned to Mordor as a spirit and resumed his rule.

===The Last Alliance and Third Age===
Sauron's rule was interrupted yet again when his efforts to overthrow the surviving Men and Elves failed, and they fought their way back to their foe's domain. After several months of siege in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], forces of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] came into Mordor. Sauron was defeated in a final battle and the Dark Tower was leveled to the ground, but Mordor was not settled by Men because of the dreadful memory of Sauron, and Orodruin.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

The [[Kings of Gondor]] built watchtowers and fortresses around Mordor, such as the mountain fortress of [[Durthang]], the [[Towers of the Teeth]] at the [[Morannon]], and the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]], in order to prevent Sauron's servants from returning to Mordor.<ref name="Tower">{{RK|Tower}}</ref>

However, Gondor had failed in the long run; during the [[Great Plague]], the population was so diminished that troops were recalled and the fortresses abandoned.<ref>{{App|South}}</ref><ref>{{App|TA}}, {{TA|1640}}</ref> Deprived of guard, Mordor began to fill with evil things again, and it is said the first shadow was the [[Lord of the Nazgûl]] ({{TA|1980}}) who summoned the other [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], first appearing since the [[War of the Last Alliance]], to prepare the return of Sauron.<ref name="rings" /><ref name="ta" /> [[Minas Ithil]] was conquered by the Ringwraiths in {{TA|2002}}; other fortifications that were supposed to defend Gondor from the menace inside Mordor were captured and turned into a means of shielding Mordor. Sauron resided in [[Dol Guldur]], until the [[White Council]] [[Attack on Dol Guldur|attacked]] it in {{TA|2941}}, forcing Sauron to flee.

Meanwhile Mordor had been long prepared for him, and declaring himself openly he returned to Mordor in {{TA|2951}}, where he finished reconstructing his Dark Tower.<ref name="ta">{{App|TA}}</ref><ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref> By that time Mordor was protected too well to be captured by any military might that was available to the Free Peoples; in the north of Mordor during the War of the Ring were the great garrisons and forges of war, while surrounding the bitter inland [[Sea of Núrnen]] to the south lay the vast fields tended for the provision of the armies by hordes of slaves brought in from lands to the east and south.

===War of the Ring===
During the War of the Ring, Sauron gathered all his forces to Mordor. After the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], a Host of the West went to the Black Gate. Sauron sent his army to destroy the Men of Gondor and Rohan, but then [[Frodo Baggins]] destroyed the One Ring and Mordor fell. The Dark Tower, the Black Gate and the Towers of Teeth collapsed to ruin. Mount Doom exploded. Both Sauron and his Ringwraiths were apparently destroyed.

After the ultimate defeat of Sauron, Mordor became mostly empty again as the [[Orcs]] inside it fled or were killed. Crippled by thousands of years of abuse and neglect, but capable of sustaining life, the land of Mordor was given to the defeated foes of Gondor as a consolation, as well as to the freed slaves of Nurn who were formerly forced to farm there to feed the armies of Mordor.

==Etymology==
'''''Mordor''''' is a [[Sindarin]] name. It means "Black Land". It is a compound of ''[[mor|MOR-]]'' ("black, dark") and ''[[dôr]]'' ("land").<ref>{{L|144}}, paragraph about the Black Speech</ref><ref>{{S|Elements}}, entries ''mor'', ''dôr''</ref>

Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was '''''Nargûn''''', which contains the element ''narg'' ("black").<ref>{{RS|4XXVN}}, note 39, p. 466</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The first ever reference to Sauron's land is mentioned without a name, in the story of the Fall, written in the 1930s, as an inner land far from the sea, over the mountains. There [[Thû]] had a fortress, and "[[Amroth]]" assailed him.<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}</ref> The name Mordor, the Black Country, appears first time in the second version of that text, along with Elendil and Gil-galad (both of them mentioned first time).<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
It is not uncommon for names in Tolkien's fiction to have relevant meanings in several languages, both those invented by Tolkien, and "real" ones, but this of course happens with any two languages.

*A proposed etymology is [[Old English]] ''morðor'', which means "mortal sin" and later "murder".
*''Mordor'' is also a name cited in some Nordic mythologies referring to a land where its citizens practice evil without knowing it, imposed on themselves by the society long created for that purpose.

Tolkien is reported to have identified Mordor with the volcano of [[Wikipedia:Stromboli|Stromboli]] off Sicily.<ref>[[Clyde S. Kilby]], [[Dick Plotz]] ([[1968]]), "Many Meetings with Tolkien: An Edited Transcript of Remarks at the December 1966 [[Mythopoeic Society|TSA Meeting]]", ''Niekas'' (Niekas Publications, New Hampshire, USA) (19): 39–40 Referred to at tolkienguide.com and by another publication of the Niekas editor. Referred to at [http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wordpress/?p=3 tolkienguide.com ] and by [http://efanzines.com/ERM/veh36.htm another publication of the Niekas editor].</ref> Graham Tayar, a classmate of Tolkien's at King Edwards School, said that Tolkien told him Mordor was "derived directly from the trenches of World War One".<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, "Mount Doom", p. 613</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1980s: ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'':'''
:In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] assumed that the lands of Mordor, [[Khand]], and [[Rhûn]] lay where the inland [[Sea of Helcar]] had been, and that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and [[Sea of Núrnen]] were its remnants. The atlas was however published before ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', where it turned out that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] existed already in the First Age, notwithstanding that Mordor, due to the creation of the volcanic [[Mount Doom]], could have been uplifted from the Sea of Helcar during this time.

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]'':'''
:The proximity of Mount Doom and Barad-dûr is at a distance that is non-canonical.{{citation needed}}

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Mordor map.jpg|thumb|right|Map of Mordor in''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' ]]
'''2017: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mordor|Mordor]]'' expansion added the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] as a region dvided into five distinct areas: '''[[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]]''' where the massive forge-works of the enemy are located, the plain of '''Dor Amarth''' between [[Ered Lithui]] and [[Mount Doom]], the valley of '''Lhingris''' between [[Ephel Dúath]] and [[Morgai]], '''Talath Urui''' to the south of [[Orodruin]] where a lake of molten lava now spews and '''Agarnaith''', a swamp-infested area to the east of Mount Doom and to the south of [[Barad-dûr]].
:The ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Minas Morgul|Minas Morgul]]'' expansion added the [[Morgul Vale]] and an alternate version of Dor Amarth, chronologically set in [[Second Age 3440|S.A. 3440]].

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''1 September: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::Before the rise of [[Sauron]], the land of Mordor was known as the '''Southlands''' and the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] was inhabited by [[Men]] who called themselves [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlanders]]. These Men had built countless settlements. Some of which were villages such as [[Tirharad]], [[Hordern]], and [[Iorbad]], while others were outposts such as the [[Watchtower of Ostirith]].
:'''7 October: ''[[The Eye]]'':'''
::[[Waldreg]], under the instruction of [[Adar (The Rings of Power)|Adar]], diverted water into [[Mount Doom|Orodruin]], causing it to erupt. After the region is destroyed by the eruption and its inhabitants fled, Adar states that the Southlands is the name of a place that no longer exists. A caption reveals its new name to be Mordor.

==See also==
*[[Sauron]]
*[[Barad-dûr]]
*[[Orodruin]]
*[[Black Gate]]

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Mordor| ]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Mordor]]
[[fi:Mordor]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/mordor]]

Mordor

2024-09-04T19:24:55Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Inspiration */ fix ref

{{disambig-more|Mordor|[[Mordor (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=Ted Nasmith - Across Gorgoroth.jpg
| name=Mordor
| pronun=
| othernames=Dark Land, ''Nargûn'' ([[Khuzdul|K]])
| location=Within [[Ered Lithui]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]
| capital=[[Barad-dûr]]
| towns=[[Minas Morgul]], [[Carchost]], [[Narchost]], [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]], [[Durthang]]
| regions=[[Nurn]], [[Plateau of Gorgoroth|Gorgoroth]], [[Lithlad]], [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]]
| population=[[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Nazgûl]], [[Men]], other creatures of Evil
| language=[[Westron]], [[Black Speech]], [[Orkish]]
| govern1=[[Gondor]] (until the Great Plague) [[Sauron]] later ruled by his freed slaves
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Established
| event1date=c. {{SA|1000}}
| event2=Defeated
| event2date={{SA|3441}}
| event3=Nazgûl return
| event3date={{TA|1980}}
| event4=Sauron returns
| event4date={{TA|2941}}
| event5=Defeated
| event5date={{TA|3019}}
| followedby=
}}
{{quote|In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie.|[[Ring Verse]]}}
'''Mordor''' was a land in the south-east of the [[Westlands]] east of [[Gondor]]. During most of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s it was ruled by [[Sauron]] and it was his dwelling and base from which he attempted to conquer [[Middle-earth]].

Mordor was surrounded by three enormous mountain ridges from the North, from the West and from the South, protecting it from an unexpected invasion by any of the [[Free peoples]].

Only a few times in history did the free peoples have anything to do with Mordor; the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] broke into the land to fight Sauron, and millennia later [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] infiltrated that land to destroy [[the One Ring]].

==Geography==
Mordor was protected from three sides by mountain ranges, arranged roughly rectangularly: the [[Ered Lithui]] in the north, and the [[Ephel Dúath]] in the west until they turned to the east, forming a southern range.<ref name="FRMap">{{FR|Map}}</ref> The [[Morgul Pass]] led from the [[Morgul Vale]] in [[Ithilien]], wich was guarded by the city of [[Minas Morgul]] (earlier [[Minas Ithil]]) through the Ephel Dúath into Mordor; [[Cirith Ungol]], a higher more difficult pass was guarded by the giant spider [[Shelob]] and by the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]. Another known fortress was [[Durthang]] in the northern Ephel Dúath.<ref name="RKMap">{{RK|Map}}</ref>

In the north-west corner of Mordor the deep valley of [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]] was the only entrance for large armies, and that is where Sauron built the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor. In front of the Black Gate lay the [[Dagorlad]]. Sauron's main fortress [[Barad-dûr]] was at the foothills of [[Ered Lithui]]. To south-west of Barad-dûr lay the arid [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and the volcanic [[Mount Doom]] (also called [[Orodruin]]);<ref name="RKMap" /> to the east lay the plain of [[Lithlad]]. The land in the western parts of Mordor were largely infertile, producing only sparse [[Brambles of Mordor|brambles]].

The southern part of Mordor, [[Nurn]],<ref name="FRMap" /> was slighly more fertile, and moist enough to carry the inland [[sea of Núrnen]]. Nurn was made somewhat fertile because the ash blown from Mount Doom left its soil nutrient rich, thus allowing dry-land farming. Unfortunately, the inland sea of Núrn was salty, not freshwater.

To the west of Mordor was the narrow land of Ithilien with the great river [[Anduin]], to the east [[Rhûn]], and to the south-east, [[Khand]].<ref name="FRMap" />

==History==
===Early history===
[[Melkor]] created Mount Doom in the long [[First Age]], and the name "Mordor" may have been given to the land before Sauron settled there because of its eruptions.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 390 (note 14).</ref> Also in the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] migrated westward, and historians in Gondor believed that they came through lands south of Mordor and, after turning northward into Ithilien, became the first Men to cross the Anduin.<ref>{{UT|12b}}, pp. 339-340.</ref>

The first being known to occupy the mountains of Mordor was Shelob, fleeing from the [[War of Wrath]] in [[Beleriand]] at the end of the First Age. She fed herself on [[Elves]] and [[Men]] living or passing nearby until these became scarce.<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref>

Sauron settled in Mordor around {{SA|1000}}. In the north-western corner of this land stood Mount Doom, in which [[the One Ring]] would be forged. Near Orodruin he built his stronghold [[Barad-dûr]]. After this time, Sauron was known as the [[Dark Lord|Dark Lord of Mordor]].

For two and a half thousand years, Sauron ruled Mordor uninterruptedly. It was from Mordor that he [[War of the Elves and Sauron|made war against]] the [[Elves of Eregion]] and came to dominate most of Eriador in a period known as the [[Dark Years]]. That was until he was repelled by the [[High Men]] of [[Númenor]]. Retreating to Mordor, Sauron then directed his power over the far south and east of Mordor conquering and dominating the savage tribes of the [[Easterlings]] and the [[Haradrim]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> Almost a thousand years later, Sauron was captured by the Númenóreans and brought to their island kingdom, eventually causing its [[Númenor#Destruction|destruction]]. Sauron returned to Mordor as a spirit and resumed his rule.

===The Last Alliance and Third Age===
Sauron's rule was interrupted yet again when his efforts to overthrow the surviving Men and Elves failed, and they fought their way back to their foe's domain. After several months of siege in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], forces of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] came into Mordor. Sauron was defeated in a final battle and the Dark Tower was leveled to the ground, but Mordor was not settled by Men because of the dreadful memory of Sauron, and Orodruin.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

The [[Kings of Gondor]] built watchtowers and fortresses around Mordor, such as the mountain fortress of [[Durthang]], the [[Towers of the Teeth]] at the [[Morannon]], and the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]], in order to prevent Sauron's servants from returning to Mordor.<ref name="Tower">{{RK|Tower}}</ref>

However, Gondor had failed in the long run; during the [[Great Plague]], the population was so diminished that troops were recalled and the fortresses abandoned.<ref>{{App|South}}</ref><ref>{{App|TA}}, {{TA|1640}}</ref> Deprived of guard, Mordor began to fill with evil things again, and it is said the first shadow was the [[Lord of the Nazgûl]] ({{TA|1980}}) who summoned the other [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], first appearing since the [[War of the Last Alliance]], to prepare the return of Sauron.<ref name="rings" /><ref name="ta" /> [[Minas Ithil]] was conquered by the Ringwraiths in {{TA|2002}}; other fortifications that were supposed to defend Gondor from the menace inside Mordor were captured and turned into a means of shielding Mordor. Sauron resided in [[Dol Guldur]], until the [[White Council]] [[Attack on Dol Guldur|attacked]] it in {{TA|2941}}, forcing Sauron to flee.

Meanwhile Mordor had been long prepared for him, and declaring himself openly he returned to Mordor in {{TA|2951}}, where he finished reconstructing his Dark Tower.<ref name="ta">{{App|TA}}</ref><ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref> By that time Mordor was protected too well to be captured by any military might that was available to the Free Peoples; in the north of Mordor during the War of the Ring were the great garrisons and forges of war, while surrounding the bitter inland [[Sea of Núrnen]] to the south lay the vast fields tended for the provision of the armies by hordes of slaves brought in from lands to the east and south.

===War of the Ring===
During the War of the Ring, Sauron gathered all his forces to Mordor. After the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], a Host of the West went to the Black Gate. Sauron sent his army to destroy the Men of Gondor and Rohan, but then [[Frodo Baggins]] destroyed the One Ring and Mordor fell. The Dark Tower, the Black Gate and the Towers of Teeth collapsed to ruin. Mount Doom exploded. Both Sauron and his Ringwraiths were apparently destroyed.

After the ultimate defeat of Sauron, Mordor became mostly empty again as the [[Orcs]] inside it fled or were killed. Crippled by thousands of years of abuse and neglect, but capable of sustaining life, the land of Mordor was given to the defeated foes of Gondor as a consolation, as well as to the freed slaves of Nurn who were formerly forced to farm there to feed the armies of Mordor.

==Etymology==
'''''Mordor''''' is a [[Sindarin]] name. It means "Black Land". It is a compound of ''[[mor|MOR-]]'' ("black, dark") and ''[[dôr]]'' ("land").<ref>{{L|144}}, paragraph about the Black Speech</ref><ref>{{S|Elements}}, entries ''mor'', ''dôr''</ref>

Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was '''''Nargûn''''', which contains the element ''narg'' ("black").<ref>{{RS|4XXVN}}, note 39, p. 466</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The first ever reference to Sauron's land is mentioned without a name, in the story of the Fall, written in the 1930s, as an inner land far from the sea, over the mountains. There [[Thû]] had a fortress, and "[[Amroth]]" assailed him.<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}</ref> The name Mordor, the Black Country, appears first time in the second version of that text, along with Elendil and Gil-galad (both of them mentioned first time).<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
It is not uncommon for names in Tolkien's fiction to have relevant meanings in several languages, both those invented by Tolkien, and "real" ones, but this of course happens with any two languages.

*A proposed etymology is [[Old English]] ''morðor'', which means "mortal sin" and later "murder".
*''Mordor'' is also a name cited in some Nordic mythologies referring to a land where its citizens practice evil without knowing it, imposed on themselves by the society long created for that purpose.

Tolkien is reported to have identified Mordor with the volcano of [[Wikipedia:Stromboli|Stromboli]] off Sicily.<ref>[[Clyde S. Kilby]], [[Dick Plotz]] ([[1968]]), "Many Meetings with Tolkien: An Edited Transcript of Remarks at the December 1966 [[Mythopoeic Society|TSA Meeting]]", ''Niekas'' (Niekas Publications, New Hampshire, USA) (19): 39–40 Referred to at tolkienguide.com and by another publication of the Niekas editor. Referred to at [http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wordpress/?p=3 tolkienguide.com ] and by [http://efanzines.com/ERM/veh36.htm another publication of the Niekas editor].</ref> Graham Fayar, a classmate of Tolkien's at King Edwards School, said that Tolkien told him Mordor was "derived directly from the trenches of World War One".<ref><nowiki><ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, "Mount Doom", p. 613</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1980s: ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'':'''
:In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] assumed that the lands of Mordor, [[Khand]], and [[Rhûn]] lay where the inland [[Sea of Helcar]] had been, and that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and [[Sea of Núrnen]] were its remnants. The atlas was however published before ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', where it turned out that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] existed already in the First Age, notwithstanding that Mordor, due to the creation of the volcanic [[Mount Doom]], could have been uplifted from the Sea of Helcar during this time.

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]'':'''
:The proximity of Mount Doom and Barad-dûr is at a distance that is non-canonical.{{citation needed}}

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Mordor map.jpg|thumb|right|Map of Mordor in''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' ]]
'''2017: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mordor|Mordor]]'' expansion added the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] as a region dvided into five distinct areas: '''[[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]]''' where the massive forge-works of the enemy are located, the plain of '''Dor Amarth''' between [[Ered Lithui]] and [[Mount Doom]], the valley of '''Lhingris''' between [[Ephel Dúath]] and [[Morgai]], '''Talath Urui''' to the south of [[Orodruin]] where a lake of molten lava now spews and '''Agarnaith''', a swamp-infested area to the east of Mount Doom and to the south of [[Barad-dûr]].
:The ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Minas Morgul|Minas Morgul]]'' expansion added the [[Morgul Vale]] and an alternate version of Dor Amarth, chronologically set in [[Second Age 3440|S.A. 3440]].

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''1 September: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::Before the rise of [[Sauron]], the land of Mordor was known as the '''Southlands''' and the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] was inhabited by [[Men]] who called themselves [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlanders]]. These Men had built countless settlements. Some of which were villages such as [[Tirharad]], [[Hordern]], and [[Iorbad]], while others were outposts such as the [[Watchtower of Ostirith]].
:'''7 October: ''[[The Eye]]'':'''
::[[Waldreg]], under the instruction of [[Adar (The Rings of Power)|Adar]], diverted water into [[Mount Doom|Orodruin]], causing it to erupt. After the region is destroyed by the eruption and its inhabitants fled, Adar states that the Southlands is the name of a place that no longer exists. A caption reveals its new name to be Mordor.

==See also==
*[[Sauron]]
*[[Barad-dûr]]
*[[Orodruin]]
*[[Black Gate]]

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Mordor| ]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Mordor]]
[[fi:Mordor]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/mordor]]

Mordor

2024-09-04T19:24:14Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Inspiration */ add info about Graham Tayar's claim

{{disambig-more|Mordor|[[Mordor (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=Ted Nasmith - Across Gorgoroth.jpg
| name=Mordor
| pronun=
| othernames=Dark Land, ''Nargûn'' ([[Khuzdul|K]])
| location=Within [[Ered Lithui]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]
| capital=[[Barad-dûr]]
| towns=[[Minas Morgul]], [[Carchost]], [[Narchost]], [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]], [[Durthang]]
| regions=[[Nurn]], [[Plateau of Gorgoroth|Gorgoroth]], [[Lithlad]], [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]]
| population=[[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Nazgûl]], [[Men]], other creatures of Evil
| language=[[Westron]], [[Black Speech]], [[Orkish]]
| govern1=[[Gondor]] (until the Great Plague) [[Sauron]] later ruled by his freed slaves
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Established
| event1date=c. {{SA|1000}}
| event2=Defeated
| event2date={{SA|3441}}
| event3=Nazgûl return
| event3date={{TA|1980}}
| event4=Sauron returns
| event4date={{TA|2941}}
| event5=Defeated
| event5date={{TA|3019}}
| followedby=
}}
{{quote|In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie.|[[Ring Verse]]}}
'''Mordor''' was a land in the south-east of the [[Westlands]] east of [[Gondor]]. During most of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s it was ruled by [[Sauron]] and it was his dwelling and base from which he attempted to conquer [[Middle-earth]].

Mordor was surrounded by three enormous mountain ridges from the North, from the West and from the South, protecting it from an unexpected invasion by any of the [[Free peoples]].

Only a few times in history did the free peoples have anything to do with Mordor; the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] broke into the land to fight Sauron, and millennia later [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] infiltrated that land to destroy [[the One Ring]].

==Geography==
Mordor was protected from three sides by mountain ranges, arranged roughly rectangularly: the [[Ered Lithui]] in the north, and the [[Ephel Dúath]] in the west until they turned to the east, forming a southern range.<ref name="FRMap">{{FR|Map}}</ref> The [[Morgul Pass]] led from the [[Morgul Vale]] in [[Ithilien]], wich was guarded by the city of [[Minas Morgul]] (earlier [[Minas Ithil]]) through the Ephel Dúath into Mordor; [[Cirith Ungol]], a higher more difficult pass was guarded by the giant spider [[Shelob]] and by the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]. Another known fortress was [[Durthang]] in the northern Ephel Dúath.<ref name="RKMap">{{RK|Map}}</ref>

In the north-west corner of Mordor the deep valley of [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]] was the only entrance for large armies, and that is where Sauron built the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor. In front of the Black Gate lay the [[Dagorlad]]. Sauron's main fortress [[Barad-dûr]] was at the foothills of [[Ered Lithui]]. To south-west of Barad-dûr lay the arid [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and the volcanic [[Mount Doom]] (also called [[Orodruin]]);<ref name="RKMap" /> to the east lay the plain of [[Lithlad]]. The land in the western parts of Mordor were largely infertile, producing only sparse [[Brambles of Mordor|brambles]].

The southern part of Mordor, [[Nurn]],<ref name="FRMap" /> was slighly more fertile, and moist enough to carry the inland [[sea of Núrnen]]. Nurn was made somewhat fertile because the ash blown from Mount Doom left its soil nutrient rich, thus allowing dry-land farming. Unfortunately, the inland sea of Núrn was salty, not freshwater.

To the west of Mordor was the narrow land of Ithilien with the great river [[Anduin]], to the east [[Rhûn]], and to the south-east, [[Khand]].<ref name="FRMap" />

==History==
===Early history===
[[Melkor]] created Mount Doom in the long [[First Age]], and the name "Mordor" may have been given to the land before Sauron settled there because of its eruptions.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 390 (note 14).</ref> Also in the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] migrated westward, and historians in Gondor believed that they came through lands south of Mordor and, after turning northward into Ithilien, became the first Men to cross the Anduin.<ref>{{UT|12b}}, pp. 339-340.</ref>

The first being known to occupy the mountains of Mordor was Shelob, fleeing from the [[War of Wrath]] in [[Beleriand]] at the end of the First Age. She fed herself on [[Elves]] and [[Men]] living or passing nearby until these became scarce.<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref>

Sauron settled in Mordor around {{SA|1000}}. In the north-western corner of this land stood Mount Doom, in which [[the One Ring]] would be forged. Near Orodruin he built his stronghold [[Barad-dûr]]. After this time, Sauron was known as the [[Dark Lord|Dark Lord of Mordor]].

For two and a half thousand years, Sauron ruled Mordor uninterruptedly. It was from Mordor that he [[War of the Elves and Sauron|made war against]] the [[Elves of Eregion]] and came to dominate most of Eriador in a period known as the [[Dark Years]]. That was until he was repelled by the [[High Men]] of [[Númenor]]. Retreating to Mordor, Sauron then directed his power over the far south and east of Mordor conquering and dominating the savage tribes of the [[Easterlings]] and the [[Haradrim]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> Almost a thousand years later, Sauron was captured by the Númenóreans and brought to their island kingdom, eventually causing its [[Númenor#Destruction|destruction]]. Sauron returned to Mordor as a spirit and resumed his rule.

===The Last Alliance and Third Age===
Sauron's rule was interrupted yet again when his efforts to overthrow the surviving Men and Elves failed, and they fought their way back to their foe's domain. After several months of siege in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], forces of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] came into Mordor. Sauron was defeated in a final battle and the Dark Tower was leveled to the ground, but Mordor was not settled by Men because of the dreadful memory of Sauron, and Orodruin.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

The [[Kings of Gondor]] built watchtowers and fortresses around Mordor, such as the mountain fortress of [[Durthang]], the [[Towers of the Teeth]] at the [[Morannon]], and the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]], in order to prevent Sauron's servants from returning to Mordor.<ref name="Tower">{{RK|Tower}}</ref>

However, Gondor had failed in the long run; during the [[Great Plague]], the population was so diminished that troops were recalled and the fortresses abandoned.<ref>{{App|South}}</ref><ref>{{App|TA}}, {{TA|1640}}</ref> Deprived of guard, Mordor began to fill with evil things again, and it is said the first shadow was the [[Lord of the Nazgûl]] ({{TA|1980}}) who summoned the other [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], first appearing since the [[War of the Last Alliance]], to prepare the return of Sauron.<ref name="rings" /><ref name="ta" /> [[Minas Ithil]] was conquered by the Ringwraiths in {{TA|2002}}; other fortifications that were supposed to defend Gondor from the menace inside Mordor were captured and turned into a means of shielding Mordor. Sauron resided in [[Dol Guldur]], until the [[White Council]] [[Attack on Dol Guldur|attacked]] it in {{TA|2941}}, forcing Sauron to flee.

Meanwhile Mordor had been long prepared for him, and declaring himself openly he returned to Mordor in {{TA|2951}}, where he finished reconstructing his Dark Tower.<ref name="ta">{{App|TA}}</ref><ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref> By that time Mordor was protected too well to be captured by any military might that was available to the Free Peoples; in the north of Mordor during the War of the Ring were the great garrisons and forges of war, while surrounding the bitter inland [[Sea of Núrnen]] to the south lay the vast fields tended for the provision of the armies by hordes of slaves brought in from lands to the east and south.

===War of the Ring===
During the War of the Ring, Sauron gathered all his forces to Mordor. After the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], a Host of the West went to the Black Gate. Sauron sent his army to destroy the Men of Gondor and Rohan, but then [[Frodo Baggins]] destroyed the One Ring and Mordor fell. The Dark Tower, the Black Gate and the Towers of Teeth collapsed to ruin. Mount Doom exploded. Both Sauron and his Ringwraiths were apparently destroyed.

After the ultimate defeat of Sauron, Mordor became mostly empty again as the [[Orcs]] inside it fled or were killed. Crippled by thousands of years of abuse and neglect, but capable of sustaining life, the land of Mordor was given to the defeated foes of Gondor as a consolation, as well as to the freed slaves of Nurn who were formerly forced to farm there to feed the armies of Mordor.

==Etymology==
'''''Mordor''''' is a [[Sindarin]] name. It means "Black Land". It is a compound of ''[[mor|MOR-]]'' ("black, dark") and ''[[dôr]]'' ("land").<ref>{{L|144}}, paragraph about the Black Speech</ref><ref>{{S|Elements}}, entries ''mor'', ''dôr''</ref>

Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was '''''Nargûn''''', which contains the element ''narg'' ("black").<ref>{{RS|4XXVN}}, note 39, p. 466</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The first ever reference to Sauron's land is mentioned without a name, in the story of the Fall, written in the 1930s, as an inner land far from the sea, over the mountains. There [[Thû]] had a fortress, and "[[Amroth]]" assailed him.<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}</ref> The name Mordor, the Black Country, appears first time in the second version of that text, along with Elendil and Gil-galad (both of them mentioned first time).<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
It is not uncommon for names in Tolkien's fiction to have relevant meanings in several languages, both those invented by Tolkien, and "real" ones, but this of course happens with any two languages.

*A proposed etymology is [[Old English]] ''morðor'', which means "mortal sin" and later "murder".
*''Mordor'' is also a name cited in some Nordic mythologies referring to a land where its citizens practice evil without knowing it, imposed on themselves by the society long created for that purpose.

Tolkien is reported to have identified Mordor with the volcano of [[Wikipedia:Stromboli|Stromboli]] off Sicily.<ref>[[Clyde S. Kilby]], [[Dick Plotz]] ([[1968]]), "Many Meetings with Tolkien: An Edited Transcript of Remarks at the December 1966 [[Mythopoeic Society|TSA Meeting]]", ''Niekas'' (Niekas Publications, New Hampshire, USA) (19): 39–40 Referred to at tolkienguide.com and by another publication of the Niekas editor. Referred to at [http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wordpress/?p=3 tolkienguide.com ] and by [http://efanzines.com/ERM/veh36.htm another publication of the Niekas editor].</ref> Graham Fayar, a classmate of Tolkien's at King Edwards School, said that Tolkien told him Mordor was "derived directly from the trenches of World War One".<ref><nowiki><ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, "Mount Doom", p. 613</ref></nowiki></ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1980s: ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'':'''
:In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] assumed that the lands of Mordor, [[Khand]], and [[Rhûn]] lay where the inland [[Sea of Helcar]] had been, and that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and [[Sea of Núrnen]] were its remnants. The atlas was however published before ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', where it turned out that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] existed already in the First Age, notwithstanding that Mordor, due to the creation of the volcanic [[Mount Doom]], could have been uplifted from the Sea of Helcar during this time.

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]'':'''
:The proximity of Mount Doom and Barad-dûr is at a distance that is non-canonical.{{citation needed}}

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Mordor map.jpg|thumb|right|Map of Mordor in''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' ]]
'''2017: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mordor|Mordor]]'' expansion added the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] as a region dvided into five distinct areas: '''[[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]]''' where the massive forge-works of the enemy are located, the plain of '''Dor Amarth''' between [[Ered Lithui]] and [[Mount Doom]], the valley of '''Lhingris''' between [[Ephel Dúath]] and [[Morgai]], '''Talath Urui''' to the south of [[Orodruin]] where a lake of molten lava now spews and '''Agarnaith''', a swamp-infested area to the east of Mount Doom and to the south of [[Barad-dûr]].
:The ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Minas Morgul|Minas Morgul]]'' expansion added the [[Morgul Vale]] and an alternate version of Dor Amarth, chronologically set in [[Second Age 3440|S.A. 3440]].

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''1 September: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::Before the rise of [[Sauron]], the land of Mordor was known as the '''Southlands''' and the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] was inhabited by [[Men]] who called themselves [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlanders]]. These Men had built countless settlements. Some of which were villages such as [[Tirharad]], [[Hordern]], and [[Iorbad]], while others were outposts such as the [[Watchtower of Ostirith]].
:'''7 October: ''[[The Eye]]'':'''
::[[Waldreg]], under the instruction of [[Adar (The Rings of Power)|Adar]], diverted water into [[Mount Doom|Orodruin]], causing it to erupt. After the region is destroyed by the eruption and its inhabitants fled, Adar states that the Southlands is the name of a place that no longer exists. A caption reveals its new name to be Mordor.

==See also==
*[[Sauron]]
*[[Barad-dûr]]
*[[Orodruin]]
*[[Black Gate]]

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Mordor| ]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Mordor]]
[[fi:Mordor]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/mordor]]

The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien

2024-08-26T02:20:45Z

Blu3r4d0n: wikilink O Where Are You Going

{{book
| title= The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien
| image = Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien.png
| author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| editor=[[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]]
| illustrator=
| publisher= HarperCollins
| date=[[12 September]] [[2024]]
| format=Hardcover boxed set
| pages=1620 (540 each volume)
| isbn=978-0008628826
}}
'''''The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien''''' is an upcoming three-volume book which collects most of the poetry that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] is known to have ever written. It will be published in three volumes on [[12 September]], [[2024]]. The editors are [[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]].

The book contains "at least 240 discrete poems, depending on how one distinguishes titles and versions, presented in 195 entries and five appendices." Poems already published in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' will not all be included, but a selection will be made. Longer poems that were previously published as separate books, such as ''[[The Fall of Arthur]]'', will be presented in extracts. At least 77 works have never been published before.<ref>[https://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=55668#forumpost55668 Comment on Tolkienguide.com]</ref>

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|World first publication of the collected poems of J.R.R. Tolkien, spanning almost seven decades of the author’s life and presented in an elegant three-volume hardback boxed set.

J.R.R. Tolkien aspired to be a poet in the first instance, and poetry was part of his creative life no less than his prose, his languages, and his art. Although Tolkien’s readers are aware that he wrote poetry, if only from verses in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, its extent is not well known, and its qualities are underappreciated. Within his larger works of fiction, poems help to establish character and place as well as further the story; as individual works, they delight with words and rhyme. They express his love of nature and the seasons, of landscape and music, and of words. They convey his humour and his sense of wonder.

The earliest work in this collection, written for his beloved, is dated to 1910, when Tolkien was eighteen. More poems would follow during his years at Oxford, some of them very elaborate and eccentric. Those he composed during the First World War, in which he served in France, tend to be concerned not with trenches and battle, but with life, loss, faith, and friendship, his longing for England, and the wife he left behind. Beginning in 1914, elements of his legendarium, ‘The Silmarillion’, began to appear, and the ‘Matter of Middle-earth’ would inspire much of Tolkien’s verse for the rest of his life.

Within The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien almost 200 works are presented across three volumes, including more than 60 that have never before been seen. The poems are deftly woven together with commentary and notes by world-renowned Tolkien scholars Christina Scull & Wayne G. Hammond, placing them in the context of Tolkien’s life and literary accomplishments and creating a poetical biography that is a unique and revealing celebration of J.R.R. Tolkien.}}

==Contents==
<div style="-moz-column-width: 400px; -webkit-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px; -moz-column-gap: 15px; -webkit-column-gap: 15px; column-gap: 15px; -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc; -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc; column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc;">
VOLUME ONE
*Introduction
*Chronology
*#Morning · [[Morning Song]]
*#[[The Dale-lands|The Dale-Lands]]
*#Evening · [[Completorium]]
*#[[Wood-Sunshine]]
*#The Sirens Feast · [[The Sirens]]
*#[[The Battle of the Eastern Field]]
*#[[A Fragment of an Epic: Before Jerusalem Richard Makes an End of Speech|A Fragment of an Epic]]
*#[[The New Lemminkainen]]
*#[[Lemminkainen Goeth to the Ford of Oxen]]
*#From Iffley · [[Valedictory]]
*#[[Darkness on the Road]]
*#[[Sunset in a Town]]
*#The Grimness of the Sea · The Tides · Sea Chant of an Elder Day · Sea-Song of an Elder Day · [[The Horns of Ylmir]]
*#[[Outside]]
*#[[Magna Dei Gloria]]
*#The Voyage of Éarendel the Evening Star · The Last Voyage of Éarendel · [[Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhtast|Éala! Éarendel Engla Beorhtast!]]
*#[[The Story of Kullervo]]
*#The Minstrel Renounces the Song · The Lay of Earendel · [[The Bidding of the Minstrel]]
*#[[The Mermaid's Flute]]
*#Dark · Copernicus v. Ptolemy · [[Copernicus and Ptolemy]]
*#[[Ferrum et Sanguis]]
*#The Sparrow’s Morning Chirp to a Lazy Mortal · Bilink, Bilink! · [[Sparrow Song]]
*#[[As Two Fair Trees]]
*#Why the Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon: An East Anglian Phantasy · A Faërie: Why the Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon · [[The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon]]
*#Courage Speaks to a Child of Earth · [[The Two Riders]]
*#May Day in a Backward Year · [[May-Day]]
*#[[Goblin Feet]]
*#You and Me and the Cottage of Lost Play · [[The Little House of Lost Play: Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva]]
*#[[Tinfang Warble]]
*#Kôr: In a City Lost and Dead · [[The City of the Gods]]
*#[[The Shores of Faery]]
*#Princess Nî ·The Princess Ní · [[Little Princess Mee|Princess Mee]]
*#The Happy Mariners · [[Tha Eadigan Saelidan: The Happy Mariners]]
*#The Trumpet of Faery · The Trumpets of Faery · [[The Horns of the Host of Doriath]]
*#Thoughts on Parade · [[The Swallow and the Traveller on the Plains]]
*#[[Empty Chapel]]
*#The Pines of Aryador · [[A Song of Aryador]]
*#[[Dark Are the Clouds about the North]]
*#The Lonely Harebell · [[Elfalone]]
*#Kortirion among the Trees · [[The Trees of Kortirion]]
*#[[Narqelion]]
*#The Pool of the Dead Year · [[The Pool of Forgetfulness]]
*#[[Over Old Hills and Far Away]]
*#The Wanderer’s Allegiance · The Sorrowful City · The Town of Dreams and the City of Present Sorrow · Wínsele Wéste, Windge Reste Réte Berofene · [[The Song of Eriol]]
*#Habbanan beneath the Stars · [[Eruman beneath the Stars]]
*#Tol Eressea · For England: The Lonely Isle · [[The Lonely Isle]]
*#[[Two-Lieut]]
*#A Dream of Coming Home · A Memory of July in England · July · Two Elves in Tavrobel · An Evening in Tavrobel · [[Once upon a Time]]
*#[[The Thatch of Poppies]]
*#[[The Forest-walker|The Forest Walker]]
*#O Lady Mother Throned amid the Stars · Consolatrix Afflictorum · Stella Vespertina · [[Mother! O Lady Throned beyond the Stars]]
*#To Early Morning Tea · [[An Ode Inspired by Intimations of the Approach of Early Morning Tea]]
*#[[G.B.S.]]
*#[[Ye Laggard Woodlands]]
*#[[Companions of the Rose]]
*#[[The Grey Bridge of Tavrobel]]
*#[[I Stood upon an Empty Shore]]
*#Build Me a Grave beside the Sea · [[The Brothers-in-Arms]]
*#[[A Rime for My Boy]]
*#Nursery Rhymes Undone, or Their Scandalous Secret Unlocked · The Cat and the Fiddle · They Say There’s a Little Crooked Inn · There Is an Inn, a Merry Old Inn · [[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]
*#[[A Rhyme Royal upon Easter Morning]]
*#[[The Ruined Enchanter: A Fairy Ballad|The Ruined Enchanter]]
*#[[The Motor-cyclists]]

VOLUME TWO
*#Light as Leaf on Lind · As Light as Leaf on Lindentree · [[Song of Beren and Lúthien|The Tale of Tinúviel]]
*#Nieninqe · [[Nieninque]]
*#[[The Lay of the Fall of Gondolin]]
*#The Golden Dragon · Túrin Son of Húrin and Glórund the Dragon · The Children of Húrin (alliterative) · [[Winter Comes to Nargothrond]]
*#[[The Clerkes Compleinte]]
*#Iúmonna Gold Galdre Bewunden · [[The Hoard]]
*#[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]
*#[[Enigmata Saxonica Nuper Inventa Duo]]
*#[[Úþwita Sceal Ealdgesægenum]]
*#[[Moonshine]]
*#The Nameless Land · [[The Song of Ælfwine]]
*#Ave atque Vale · Lines Composed on an Evening · [[Lines Composed in a Village Inn]]
*#[[From One to Five]]
*#[[Ruddoc Hana]]
*#[[Ides Ælfscýne]]
*#[[Bagmē Blōma]]
*#[[Éadig Béo Þu!|Éadig Béo Þu]]
*#[[Ofer Wídne Gársecg]]
*#[[I Sat Upon a Bench|I Sat upon a Bench]]
*#Pēro & Pōdex · The Root of the Boot · Sam’s Song · [[The Stone Troll]]
*#[[Frenchmen Froth]]
*#[[Lit' and Lang']]
*#[[All Hail!]]
*#[[The Lion Is Loud and Proud]]
*#[[The Song of Beewolf Son of Echgethew]]
*#[[The Owl and the Nightingale]]
*#[[Pearl]]
*#[[Gawain’s Leave-Taking]]
*#[[Lay of Leithian]]
*#[[Shadowland]]
*#Knocking at the Door · [[The Mewlips]]
*#[[Fastitocalon (poem)|Fastitocalon]]
*#[[Oliphaunt|Iumbo, or Ye Kinde of ye Oliphaunt]]
*#[[Syx Mynet]]
*#[[La, Huru|Lá, Húru]]
*#[[Natura Apis: Morali Ricardi Eremite]]
*#[[The Hills Are Old]]
*#[[Natura Formice (et Significacio Simul)]]
*#[[A Song of Bimble Bay]]
*#The Progress of Bimble · [[Progress in Bimble Town]]
*#[[Glip]]
*#The Bumpus · William and the Bumpus · [[Perry-the-Winkle]]
*#Poor Old Grabbler · [[Old Grabbler]]
*#[[The Dragon's Visit]]
*#[[Chip the glasses and crack the plates|Chip the Glasses and Crack the Plates!]]
*#[[Far over the misty mountains cold|Far over the Misty Mountains Cold]]
*#[[The wind was on the withered heath|The Wind Was on the Withered Heath]]
*#[[Roll-Roll-Roll-Roll|Down the Swift Dark Stream You Go]]
*#[[Under the mountain dark and tall|Under the Mountain Dark and Tall]]
*#[[O Where Are You Going]] · [[The dragon is withered|The Dragon Is Withered]]
*#[[Sing all ye joyful!|Sing All Ye Joyful, Now Sing All Together]] · [[Elvish Song in Rivendell]]
*#Roads Go Ever Ever On · [[The Road Goes Ever On (song)|The Road Goes Ever On and On]]
*#The Corrigan · [[The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun]]
*#[[The Lay of Beowulf]]
*#[[Hengest]]
*#[[The Derelicts]]
*#[[Brydleoþ]]
*#The History of Tom Bombadil · [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (poem)|The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]
*#[[Monday Morning]]
*#Oilima Markirya · The Last Ship · [[The Last Ark]]
*#Earendel · [[Earendel at the Helm]]
*#[[Dir Avosaith a Gwaew Hinar]]
*#[[The Last of the Old Gods]]
*#Vestr um Haf · [[Bilbo's Last Song (at the Grey Havens)]]
*#[[Errantry]] · Eärendil Was a Mariner · [[The Short Lay of Earendel: Earendillínwë]]
*#[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son]]

VOLUME THREE
*#[[The Children of Húrin (rhyming couplets)]]
*#The New Lay of the Völsungs · [[The New Lay of Gudrún]]
*#[[The Prophecy of the Sibyl]]
*#[[Bleak Heave the Billows]]
*#Looney · [[The Sea-Bell]]
*#[[Quare Fremunt Omnes Gentes]]
*#[[Mythopoeia]]
*#[[The Merryman]]
*#[[A Cherry with No Stone]]
*#Doworst · [[Visio de Doworst]]
*#[[The Fall of Arthur]]
*#Firiel · [[The Last Ship]]
*#[[The Wanderers]]
*#[[When Little Louis Came To Stay]]
*#[[Monað Modes Lust mid Mereflode]]
*#[[Ilu Ilúvatar en Káre Eldain a Firimoin]]
*#[[King Sheave]]
*#The Shadow Man · [[Shadow-Bride]]
*#[[Noel]]
*#[[Ring Verse|Three Rings for the Elven-kings under the Sky]]
*#[[A Walking Song|Upon the Hearth the Fire Is Red]]
*#[[Snow-white! Snow-white! O Lady clear!|Snow-White! Snow-White! O Lady Clear!]]
*#[[bath-songs|Sing Hey! for the Bath at Close of Day]]
*#[[Farewell We Call to Hearth and Hall!|Farewell We Call to Hearth and Hall]]
*#Hey! Come Merry Dol! · [[Hop along, my little friends, up the Withywindle!|Hop Along, My Little Friends]]
*#[[Cold Be Hand and Heart and Bone]]
*#[[All That Is Gold Does Not Glitter]]
*#[[The Fall of Gil-galad|Gil-galad Was an Elven-king]]
*#[[I Sit beside the Fire and Think]]
*#[[The World Was Young, the Mountains Green]]
*#The Song of Legolas · [[Lay of Nimrodel|An Elven-maid There Was of Old]]
*#I Sang of Leaves · [[Galadriel’s Song]]
*#Ai! Laurië Lantar Lassi Súrinen · [[Namárië]]
*#Lament of Denethor for Boromir · [[Through Rohan over Fen and Field]]
*#[[In the Willow-meads of Tasarinan|In the Willow-Meads of Tasarinan I Walked in the Spring]]
*#[[song of the Ent and Entwife|When Spring Unfolds the Beechen Leaf]]
*#[[lament for the Rohirrim|Where Now the Horse and the Rider?]]
*#Grey as a Mouse · [[Oliphaunt]]
*#Out of the Mountain Shall They Come Their Tryst Keeping · [[Over the land there lies a long shadow|Over the Land There Lies a Long Shadow]]
*#[[From Dark Dunharrow in the Dim Morning]]
*#[[song of the Mounds of Mundburg|We Heard of the Horns in the Hills Ringing]]
*#I Sit upon the Stones Alone · [[In Western Lands beneath the Sun]]
*#[[Rhyme]]
*#[[Sir Orfeo]]
*#[[A Closed Letter to Andrea Charicoryides]]
*#The Death of St Brendan · [[Imram]]
*#[[Oath of Fëanor|Be He Foe or Friend, Be He Foul or Clean]]
*#[[Scatha the Worm]]
*#[[Wilt Thou Learn the Lore]]
*#[[Cat]]
*#[[You Walk on Grass]]
*#[[The Wind So Whirled a Weathercock]]
*#Yénion Yukainen Nunn’ ar Anduine Lútie Loar! · [[Loä Yukainen avar Anduinë Sí Valútier]]
*#[[To the University of Oxford]]
*#Gardeners’ Secrets · [[Utch! A Gardener’s Secrets]]
*#[[The Complaint of Mîm the Dwarf]]
*#Ho! Tom Bombadil · The Fliting of Tom Bombadil · [[Bombadil Goes Boating]]
*#[[Rosalind Ramage]]
*#[[Three Children]]
*#[[Where the Riming Rune-Tree Blows]]
*#[[Though All Things Fail and Come to Naught]]
*#[[No Longer Fear Champagne]]
*#[[My Heart Is Not in This Land Where I Live]]
*#[[As You Must Admit]]
*#[[‘At Last the Time Has Come,’ He Said]]
*#[[For W.H.A.]]
*Appendix I. Limericks and Clerihews
*Appendix II. Latin Adages
*Appendix III. Poem Lists
*Appendix IV. Word Lists
*Appendix V. Bealuwérig
*Glossary
*Bibliography
*Index
</div>

==External links==
* [https://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2024/03/12/tolkiens-collected-poems/ Announcement by Scull & Hammond]
* [https://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2024/04/21/tolkiens-collected-poems-update/ Update post]
* [https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0008628823 ''The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien'' on Amazon]
* [https://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2024/08/24/beyond-bilbo/]

{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
{{Publishedmajorbooks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien}}
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Poetry books]]
[[Category:Posthumous publications]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

O! What are you doing,

2024-08-26T02:19:33Z

Blu3r4d0n: fixed first sentence to adhere to page move

{{stub}}
'''O Where Are You Going''' is a poem found within the chapter "[[A Short Rest]]" of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It is sung by the [[Elves]] of [[Rivendell]] as the [[Thorin and Company|Company]] crossed the bridge into Rivendell. This poem type is seen once again in the chapter "[[The Last Stage]]" called [[The dragon is withered]].

This poem reflects the joy of the Elven-folk as they seemed not to have a care for the dangers of the world. It was described as "a burst of song like laughter in the trees". "The valley" refers to [[Rivendell]], their home. After the Elves finished this poem they moved on to another ridiculous [[Elvish Song in Rivendell|song]].

==Text==
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
O! What are you doing,
And where are you going?
Your ponies need shoeing!
The river is flowing!
O! tra-la-la-lally
here down in [[Rivendell|the valley]]!

O! What are you seeking,
And where are you making?
The faggots are reeking,
The bannocks are baking!
O! tril-lil-lil-lolly
the valley is jolly,
ha! ha!

O! Where are you going
With beards all a-wagging?
No knowing, no knowing
What brings [[Bilbo Baggins|Mister Baggins]],
And [[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]]
down into the valley
in June
ha! ha!

O! Will you be staying,
Or will you be flying?
Your ponies are straying!
The daylight is dying!
To fly would be folly,
To stay would be jolly
And listen and hark
Till the end of the dark
to our tune
ha! ha!
</poem>

==See also==
* [[Poems in The Hobbit]]

[[Category:Poems in The Hobbit]]
[[fi:Hoi! Mitähän asioitte, ja mikä on matkanne pää?]]

O! What are you doing?

2024-08-26T02:18:25Z

Blu3r4d0n: Blu3r4d0n moved page O! What are you doing? to O Where Are You Going: The title used by Hammond & Scull for this poem in their upcoming collection appears to be O Where Are You Going

#REDIRECT [[O Where Are You Going]]

O! What are you doing,

2024-08-26T02:18:25Z

Blu3r4d0n: Blu3r4d0n moved page O! What are you doing? to O Where Are You Going: The title used by Hammond & Scull for this poem in their upcoming collection appears to be O Where Are You Going

{{stub}}
'''O! What are you doing?''' is a poem found within the chapter "[[A Short Rest]]" of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It is sung by the [[Elves]] of [[Rivendell]] as the [[Thorin and Company|Company]] crossed the bridge into Rivendell. This poem type is seen once again in the chapter "[[The Last Stage]]" called [[The dragon is withered]].

This poem reflects the joy of the Elven-folk as they seemed not to have a care for the dangers of the world. It was described as "a burst of song like laughter in the trees". "The valley" refers to [[Rivendell]], their home. After the Elves finished this poem they moved on to another ridiculous [[Elvish Song in Rivendell|song]].

==Text==
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
O! What are you doing,
And where are you going?
Your ponies need shoeing!
The river is flowing!
O! tra-la-la-lally
here down in [[Rivendell|the valley]]!

O! What are you seeking,
And where are you making?
The faggots are reeking,
The bannocks are baking!
O! tril-lil-lil-lolly
the valley is jolly,
ha! ha!

O! Where are you going
With beards all a-wagging?
No knowing, no knowing
What brings [[Bilbo Baggins|Mister Baggins]],
And [[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]]
down into the valley
in June
ha! ha!

O! Will you be staying,
Or will you be flying?
Your ponies are straying!
The daylight is dying!
To fly would be folly,
To stay would be jolly
And listen and hark
Till the end of the dark
to our tune
ha! ha!
</poem>

==See also==
* [[Poems in The Hobbit]]

[[Category:Poems in The Hobbit]]
[[fi:Hoi! Mitähän asioitte, ja mikä on matkanne pää?]]

User talk:Totus2us

2024-08-24T18:39:08Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* MERP Content */ Reply

==Welcome!==

'''{{PAGENAME}}, welcome!'''

Hello and [[Tolkien Gateway:Welcome|welcome]] to '''[[Tolkien Gateway]]'''. I hope you like the place and choose to join our work. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
*Internal pages:
**[[Tolkien Gateway:To-do|To-do list]]
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*External Wikipedia pages:
**[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]]
**[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Tutorial|Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial]]
**[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Picture tutorial|Picture tutorial]]
**[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:How to write a great article|How to write a great article]]

I hope you enjoy editing here and we look forward to your future edits. If you have any questions, see the [[Help:Contents|help pages]], add a question to the [[Forums:Council|Council forums]] or ask me on [[User talk:Hyarion|my talk page]]. Keep up the great work! —  [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 05:00, 24 August 2024 (UTC)

==MERP Content==

Thanks so much for your recent contribution to TG! I'm sorry though, we don't include content from role playing games in our articles. [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 05:04, 24 August 2024 (UTC)

:Could you please stop adding content that is not permitted? [[User:Blu3r4d0n|Blu3r4d0n]] ([[User talk:Blu3r4d0n|talk]]) 18:39, 24 August 2024 (UTC)

Eärendillinwë

2024-07-30T03:57:54Z

Blu3r4d0n: create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Song of Eärendil]]

Mythopoeic Society

2024-07-28T18:17:20Z

Blu3r4d0n: wikilinked Mythprint

[[Image:Mythopoeic Society logo.gif|''Mythopoeic Society'' logotype|right]]

Founded in [[1967]], the '''Mythopoeic Society''' is a non-profit international literary and educational organization for the study, discussion, and enjoyment of fantastic and mythic literature, especially the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[C.S. Lewis]], and [[Charles Williams]]. Membership in the Mythopoeic Society is open to all scholars, writers and readers of these literatures. The Mythopoeic Society also hosts a Tolkien and [[Inklings]]-focused annual conference called [[Mythcon]].

==Publications==
*''[[Mythlore]]'': main journal of the society, includes peer-reviewed articles on mythic and fantastic works.
*''[[Mythprint]]'': newsletter with notices of activities of the society, book reviews and articles.
*''[[The Mythic Circle]]'': collection of original fiction and poetry.

==Awards==
The Mythopoetic Society promotes several awards devoted to the [[Mythopoeia|mythopoietic ideas]], including both the literary creation and the scholarship studies:

*Alexei Kondratiev Award for the best Student Paper
*Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature
*Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Children’s Literature
*Mythopoeic Scholarship Award in Inklings Studies
*Mythopoeic Scholarship Award in Myth and Fantasy Studies

From [[1971]] until [[1991]], the ''Mythopoeic Scholarship Award'' was a single award given for Inklings Studies; the second category of Myth and Fantasy Studies was established in [[1992]].

==External links==
*[http://www.mythsoc.org Official website]
*[https://www.facebook.com/groups/61115826282/ Mythopoeia Facebook group]
*{{WP|Mythopoeic Society}}
[[Category:Tolkien Societies]]
[[de:Mythopoeic Society]]
[[fi:Mythopoeic Society]]

Mythopoeic Society

2024-07-28T18:16:15Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Publications */ wikilinked The Mythic Circle

[[Image:Mythopoeic Society logo.gif|''Mythopoeic Society'' logotype|right]]

Founded in [[1967]], the '''Mythopoeic Society''' is a non-profit international literary and educational organization for the study, discussion, and enjoyment of fantastic and mythic literature, especially the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[C.S. Lewis]], and [[Charles Williams]]. Membership in the Mythopoeic Society is open to all scholars, writers and readers of these literatures. The Mythopoeic Society also hosts a Tolkien and [[Inklings]]-focused annual conference called [[Mythcon]].

==Publications==
*''[[Mythlore]]'': main journal of the society, includes peer-reviewed articles on mythic and fantastic works.
*''Mythprint'': newsletter with notices of activities of the society, book reviews and articles.
*''[[The Mythic Circle]]'': collection of original fiction and poetry.

==Awards==
The Mythopoetic Society promotes several awards devoted to the [[Mythopoeia|mythopoietic ideas]], including both the literary creation and the scholarship studies:

*Alexei Kondratiev Award for the best Student Paper
*Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature
*Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Children’s Literature
*Mythopoeic Scholarship Award in Inklings Studies
*Mythopoeic Scholarship Award in Myth and Fantasy Studies

From [[1971]] until [[1991]], the ''Mythopoeic Scholarship Award'' was a single award given for Inklings Studies; the second category of Myth and Fantasy Studies was established in [[1992]].

==External links==
*[http://www.mythsoc.org Official website]
*[https://www.facebook.com/groups/61115826282/ Mythopoeia Facebook group]
*{{WP|Mythopoeic Society}}
[[Category:Tolkien Societies]]
[[de:Mythopoeic Society]]
[[fi:Mythopoeic Society]]

Mythic Circle

2024-07-28T18:15:39Z

Blu3r4d0n: Blu3r4d0n moved page Mythic Circle to The Mythic Circle: should be The Mythic Circle, not just Mythic Circle according to mythsoc website

#REDIRECT [[The Mythic Circle]]

The Mythic Circle

2024-07-28T18:15:39Z

Blu3r4d0n: Blu3r4d0n moved page Mythic Circle to The Mythic Circle: should be The Mythic Circle, not just Mythic Circle according to mythsoc website

The '''Mythic Circle''' is a small literary magazine published annually by the [[Mythopoeic Society]] which celebrates the work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[C.S. Lewis]], and [[Charles Williams]]. These adventuresome writers saw themselves as contributors to a rich imaginative tradition encompassing authors as different as [[Wikipedia:Homer|Homer]] and [[Wikipedia:H.G. Wells|H.G. Wells]].

The magazine, originally a quarterly, was founded in 1987 by Sherwood Smith and Lynn Maudlin in order to provide writers with a workshop in print.

==External links==
* [http://www.mythsoc.org/mythic-circle.htm Official website]
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[fi:The Mythic Circle]]

Théoden

2024-07-28T18:11:30Z

Blu3r4d0n: added additional name to infobox. Thengling was orphaned before.

{{infobox character
| people=[[Rohirrim|Rohir]]
| name=Théoden
| image=Jenny Dolfen - Theoden King.jpg
| caption="Theoden King" by [[:Category:Images by Jenny Dolfen|Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Ednew'', [[Horsemaster]], [[Thengling]]
| titles=[[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohanese]], [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{TA|2948}}
| birthlocation=[[Gondor]]<ref name="Mark"/>
| rule={{TA|2980}} - {{TA|3019|n}}
| death=[[15 March]] {{TA|3019}}
| deathlocation=[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]
| age=71
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=[[Thengel]] & [[Morwen Steelsheen|Morwen]]
| siblings=[[Théodwyn]], three unnamed sisters<ref name="Mark"/><ref group="note">Under [[Thengel]] in [[Appendix A]] it states: "She bore him three children in Gondor, of whom Théoden, the second, was his only son. [...] Morwen bore him two more daughters in Rohan"</ref>
| spouse=[[Elfhild]]
| children=[[Théodred]]
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Long, thick, braided white hair<ref name="Hall"/>
| eyes=Blue<ref name="Hall"/>
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Herugrim]]
| steed=[[Snowmane]]
}}
{{quote|Out of doubt, out of dark, to the day's rising he rode singing in the sun, sword unsheathing. Hope he rekindled, and in hope ended; over death, over dread, over doom lifted out of loss, out of life, unto long glory.|[[Gléowine]]'s [[Out of doubt, out of dark, to the day’s rising|poem]] in ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[Many Partings]]"}}

'''Théoden''' was the seventeenth [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]], ruling for 39 years, from {{TA|2980}} until his death. He was the last of the Second Line.<ref name="Mark">{{App|Mark}}</ref>

==History==
===Early life===
Théoden was the only son of [[Thengel]], the heir of king [[Fengel]] of [[Rohan]], and [[Morwen of Lossarnach]], a descendant of a former prince of the fief of Belfalas.<ref name="Mark" /><ref>{{UT|Linear}}</ref> His father left Rohan when he came to manhood and lived long in Gondor. Théoden had been born in [[Gondor]] and spent at least the first five years of his life there with his mother and father until his father was called back to Rohan after the death of Théoden's grandfather, Fengel. The "speech of Gondor" was used in his father's house in Rohan.<ref name="Mark" /> As a result, Théoden probably spoke [[Westron]] and [[Rohanese]] as his native languages and he possibly spoke [[Sindarin]] as an acquired language.

Théoden loved his sister [[Théodwyn]] dearly. After she and her husband both died he adopted her children [[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]] as his own. He had a son, [[Théodred]], whose mother [[Elfhild]] died in childbirth.<ref name="Mark" />

Théoden became king after the death of his father in {{TA|2980}}.<ref name="Mark" />

In {{TA|3014}} Théoden's health began to fail. This was caused by the spells of [[Saruman|Saruman the White]].<ref name="Mark" /> This may also have been due to natural causes (he was sixty-six) or it may have been induced or increased by subtle poisons administered by [[Gríma]]. Gríma (or ''Wormtongue'' as most others in the [[Riddermark|Mark]] called him), was secretly in the employ of Saruman.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
As the war approached Théoden was increasingly misled by his chief adviser Gríma. In the last years before the War of the Ring, Théoden let his rule slip out of his hands completely, and Gríma became increasingly powerful. Rohan was troubled again by [[Orcs]] and [[Dunlendings]], who operated under the will of Saruman, ruling from [[Isengard]].

His only son, Théodred, had only recently been slain by Saruman's forces during the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]]. Théoden ordered Éomer against hunting Orcs that crossed Rohan but Éomer went to the foray against his orders.<ref name="appB">{{App|Great}}</ref> On Gríma's orders Éomer had been arrested and imprisoned for this.<ref name="Hall">{{TT|III6}}</ref>

When [[Gandalf]] and [[Aragorn]] appeared before him on [[2 March]], the [[Wizards|Wizard]] healed the king. He then restored his nephew, who would become his heir, took up his [[Herugrim|sword]], and led the [[Rohirrim|Riders of Rohan]] to the [[Fords of Isen]], against Saruman.<ref name="appB" />

On their way, they received news that [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|the border was lost]] and he retreated into [[Helm's Deep]] where they were attacked by Saruman's forces on [[3 March]].<ref name="appB" /> Théoden won the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] and after this he became known as '''Théoden Ednew''', the Renewed,<ref name="Mark" /> because he had thrown off the yoke of Saruman.

After the battle he visited [[Isengard]] where he witnessed as [[Gandalf]] deposed Saruman from [[Wizards|their order]]. On their way back to Rohan, they stopped by the [[Helm's Deep]], where he noticed that the lonely [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of their company, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] felt out of place, and offered to ride with him for the rest of the journey. The hobbit was delighted, as he felt useless among the Riders and offered Théoden his sword in service of Rohan.<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref>

On [[6 March]] Théoden and the Riders left Hornburg for [[Harrowdale]] taking a safe path to Edoras, and soon after [[Aragorn]] left the Rohirrim's company for [[Dunharrow]].<ref name="appB" /> Near the outer hills of Rohan, Théoden dismissed Éomer's urge not to go to the war, and with the remaining Riders he rode to the Hold of Dunharrow where his people took shelter at [[Dunharrow]].<ref name="muster">{{RK|V3}}</ref>

===Fulfilling the Oath of Eorl===
[[File:Paula DiSante - The Red Arrow.JPG|thumb|[[Paula DiSante]] - ''The Red Arrow'']]
After reuniting with Éowyn and while resting, a [[Gondorian]] named [[Hirgon]] entered his tent, bringing the [[Red Arrow]] from [[Denethor]] II. Théoden responded to him that 6000 Riders would reach [[Minas Tirith]] in the week. Indeed they set off the [[Dawnless Day|next morning]]; before leaving he ordered his squire, Meriadoc, to stay behind at Edoras.<ref name="muster" />

On their way to Minas Tirith, Théoden's forces were alerted to a host of Orcs upon the road from the city moving towards them. A leader of the [[Woses]], [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]], offered to lead the Rohirrim by secret paths through the [[Drúadan Forest]] so they could avoid the Orcs. Taking the forgotten road down [[Stonewain Valley]] the riders of Rohan were able to come to the [[Pelennor Fields]] undetected.
[[File:Abe Papakhian - The Ride of the Rohirrim.jpg|thumb|left|[[Abe Papakhian]] - ''The Ride of the Rohirrim'']]
To his dismay, they found Hirgon dead and understood that the Gondorians were unaware of their arrival; Minas Tirith [[Siege of Gondor|was being destroyed]]. Théoden was reinvigorated by a sudden great flash of light from the city. He ordered to charge as the [[Storm of Mordor|Darkness]] was fading. He led the Rohirrim to the aid of Gondor at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. In that battle he challenged a chieftain of the [[Haradrim]] who led their cavalry and had a standard with a "black serpent upon scarlet", and unhorsed him and hewed down his standard-bearer.<ref>{{RK|V5}}</ref>
[[File:Angus McBride - Eowyn against Witch-king.gif|thumb|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Eowyn against Witch-king'']]
The [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]] attacked him, and he was mortally wounded when his horse [[Snowmane]] fell upon him after being frightened by the Ringwraith's [[Fell beasts|Fell beast]].

He was immediately avenged by Éowyn and the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]], both of whom had ridden to war in secret. He claimed to Merry at his death on the field that he was satisfied, for he had felled the Black Serpent.<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref>

==Legacy==
The body of Théoden the Renowned remained in the [[Hallows]] of Minas Tirith<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref> while [[Snowmane]] was buried where they fell.

His nephew Éomer succeeded him as King of Rohan. In [[July]] he returned to Minas Tirith and brought Théoden's body back to [[Edoras]]. On [[10 August]], the funeral of Théoden took place. [[Gléowine]] composed a poem for him and other Kings of the line of [[Eorl]].<ref name="partings">{{RK|VI6}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The [[Old English]] word ''[[Wiktionary:þeoden|þeoden]]'', means "lord, king", and contains the element ''þeod'' "people" (''[[éothéod]]'' "horse-people"). It is related to the Old Norse word ''þjóðann'', meaning "Leader of the People" (i.e. "King").{{fact}}

The epithet ''Ednew'' in Old English means "renewed, restored", because he was freed from the spells of Saruman.

In Tolkien's fictional etymology, the name ''Théoden'' is an Old English translation of the original [[Rohanese]] ''Tûrac'', an old word for King.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Languages}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | FEN | | | | | | | | | | | | |FEN=[[Fengel]] ''{{TA|2870|n}} - {{TA|2953|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | DAU | | THE |y| MOR | | | | | | | | |DAU=''two daughters'' ''unknown''|THE=[[Thengel]] ''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]] ''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELF |y| THE | | DAU | | THW |y| EOM | | |ELF=[[Elfhild]] ''d. {{TA|2978|n}}''|THE='''THÉODEN''' ''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|DAU=''three daughters'' ''unknown''|THW=[[Théodwyn]] ''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''|EOM=[[Éomund]] ''d. {{TA|3002|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | THE | | LOT |y| EOM | | EOW |y| FAR |THE=[[Théodred]] ''{{TA|2978|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|LOT=[[Lothíriel]] ''b. {{TA|2999|n}}''|EOM=[[Éomer]] ''{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}''|EOW=[[Éowyn]] ''b. {{TA|2995|n}}''|FAR=[[Faramir]] ''{{TA|2983|n}} - {{FoA|82}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | ELF | | | | | | ELB | | |ELF=[[Elfwine]] ''unknown''|ELB=[[Elboron]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In one of Tolkien's early drafts, Théoden also had a daughter by the name of [[Idis]], but she was eventually removed when her character was eclipsed by that of Éowyn.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<center><gallery>
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Théoden.JPG|<center>[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]</center>
File:The Return of the King (1980 film) - Théoden.png|<center>[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]</center>
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Théoden.jpeg|<center>[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]</center>
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Théoden.jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan]]''</center>
</gallery></center>

'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Valentine Dyall]] voiced the part of Théoden.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The voice of Théoden was provided by [[Philip Stone]].

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Erik Bauersfeld]] provided the voice of Théoden.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Théoden is voiced by [[Don Messick]], though he speaks very little. His death is narrated by [[John Huston]] as Gandalf.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Theoden played by [[Jack May]] appears much earlier in the narrative than in the book, allowing Gandalf to borrow a horse on his escape from Isengard.

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Théoden is played by Werner Rundshagen.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:This film deviates from Tolkien's story by having Théoden (played by [[Bernard Hill]]) actually possessed by Saruman rather than simply deceived by Gríma. He then goes to [[Helm's Deep]] to take his people to safety rather than to make a stand against the enemy.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Théoden at first refuses to come to the aid of Gondor saying that Gondor did not come to the aid of Rohan at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. His death is placed after the coming of the [[Haradrim]], and is depicted differently; he is not crushed by [[Snowmane]], but wounded by the [[Fell beasts|fell beast]]. In general, his personality is changed from a "kindly old man" to that of a callous and somewhat obstinate character, though he has several tender moments at the grave of his son and near Éowyn.

'''2002-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Théoden is provided by Ladislav Chudík.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Théoden is a hero in the Rohan faction. He is voiced by [[Phil Proctor]].

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Théoden is a hero in the Men faction. He is voiced by [[Phil Proctor]].

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:Théoden is voiced by [[Brian George]].

{{references|Notes}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| born={{TA|2948}}
| died={{TA|3019}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Thengel]]
| list=17th [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|2980}} – {{TA|3019|n}}
| next=[[Éomer]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
{{lordoftheringsfilms}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Theoden}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Kings of Rohan]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Théoden]]
[[fi:Théoden]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes du nord/rohirrim/theoden]]

Narog

2024-07-28T18:05:58Z

Blu3r4d0n: Added a see also section that includes the page Vale of Narog. Page was an orphan

{{location infobox
| name=Narog
| image=Jef Murray - The Bridge Over Narog.jpg
| caption="Bridge over Narog" by [[Jef Murray]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[West Beleriand]]
| type=River
| description=Swift river
| regions=
| towns=[[Nargothrond]]
| inhabitants=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
The '''River Narog''' was the chief river of West [[Beleriand]], the largest tributary of River [[Sirion]].

The Narog was eighty leagues in length.<ref name="Beleriand">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> It rose from the '''[[Pools of Ivrin]]''' in the [[Ered Wethrin]], flowed south and then southeast, flowing through a gorge in a series of rapids where it crossed the hills of the [[Andram]] or Long Wall, finally meeting Sirion in the Land of Willows [[Nan-tathren]], not far above the Mouths of Sirion. Narog's tributaries were the '''River [[Ginglith]]''' in the north and the '''River [[Ringwil]]''' in the '''[[Taur-en-Faroth]]'''.<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref>

Into its western bank, just south of where Ringwil rushed into Narog, was carved the city of [[Nargothrond]], stronghold of [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]].<ref name="Beleriand" />

==Etymology==
In ''[[The Etymologies]]'', the river's name was stated to mean "rushing, violent".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref> However, in a later writing by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]], the [[Sindarin]] name ''Narog'' was given two possible [[Khuzdul]] origins: ''[[Narâg]]'' ("black") and ''[[naruka]]'' (unknown meaning).<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 37, 47</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Narog is referred as ''Hlyda'' ("Loudy"). The [[Elves of Nargothrond]] were named ''Hlydingas''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Vale of Narog]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Noldorin locations]]
[[Category:Rivers of Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Narog]]
[[fi:Narog]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/beleriand/narog]]

Half-elven

2024-07-28T16:11:23Z

Blu3r4d0n: Wikilinked more first occurrences of names

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Until the world is broken and remade.jpg|thumb|"Until the world is broken and remade" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
{{quote|In the dawn of years Elves and Men were allies and held themselves akin [...] and in the glory and beauty of the Elves, and in their fate, full share had the offspring of elf and mortal...|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Men]]"}}
'''Half-elven''' ([[Sindarin]] singular '''Peredhel''', plural '''Peredhil'''), are the children of the [[Unions of Elves and Men|Union of Elves and Men]]. Half-elven are not a distinct race ''per se''; rather, they were fertile offspring as the result of a union between [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. There are four recorded unions of the [[Eldar]] with the [[Edain]].

In the late [[First Age]], [[Lúthien]] married [[Beren]] and [[Idril]] married [[Tuor]].<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref><ref name="Gondolin">{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> These two lines of Peredhil were then joined by the marriage of [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]].Eärendil and Elwing were the first to receive the choice of fates which passed to their line. Their sons, [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]], chose different fates and the line was sundered until the end of the [[Third Age]].

In the end of the [[Third Age]], when [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] eed [[Aragorn|Aragorn II Elessar]],<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref> a distant descendant of Elros Tar-Minyatur, it united the long-sundered lines of those descended from both Elves and Men. There is also mention of an Elven bloodline in Prince [[Imrahil]]<ref name="Debate">{{RK|Debate}}</ref> via the old tale of [[Mithrellas]] and [[Imrazôr]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>{{rp|220-2}}

==History==
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Descendants of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|225px|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Descendants of Thingol'']]
The first bond between Elves and Men was the marriage of [[Beren Erchamion]] and [[Lúthien Tinúviel]], from which a single son, [[Dior Eluchíl]], was born. Dior wed [[Nimloth of Doriath]], and they had three children: [[twins]] [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]], and [[Elwing|Elwing the White]]. Dior wore the [[Nauglamir]] with the [[Silmaril]], passed to him from his mother, thus awakening the oath of the [[Fëanorians]] and the [[Second Kinslaying]].

The next bond came about through the union of [[Tuor]] son of [[Huor]] and [[Idril Celebrindal]], from which another son, [[Eärendil]], was born. While Eärendil was truly half-elven, his Adan father, Tuor, had been granted the fate of the elder race.<ref name="Gondolin" /> Eärendil and Elwing begat another pair of twin sons: [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]]. Of the half-elves, Eärendil and Elwing were specifically given a choice in their fates when they journeyed to Valinor with the Silmaril to beg pardon for the [[Noldor]] and plead the plight of Elves and Men to the Valar. Only after that event was the choice passed to their children, to be counted as one of the [[Eldar]] (Elves), thus being immortal, or one of the [[Edain]] (Men), thus being mortal.<ref name="Voyage">{{S|Voyage}}</ref> Elrond Half-elven chose the fate of Elven-kind, but Elros chose the [[Gift of Men]], and none of [[House of Elros|his descendants]] bore the title of "Half-Elven".

[[Image:Līga Kļaviņa - Family.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Family'']]
Elrond wed [[Celebrían]], daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]], and bore three children: twin sons [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and daughter [[Arwen Undómiel]]. Aragorn and Arwen were parents to a son, [[Eldarion]], as well as at least two daughters, thus leaving a remnant of the proud Elven lineage even after the Firstborn had long passed over the sea and out of time and memory. Though these children were long-lived, like Númenóreans had been and Eldarion ruled for at least 100 years,<ref>{{L|338}}</ref> they were mortal.

There is no evidence that any other mixed bloodline shared in the choice of fate as Earendil's and Elwing's. The children of [[Mithrellas]], [[Galador]] and [[Gilmith]], were enobled but mortal like their father, as were their descendants.<ref name="Debate" />

===The half-elven lines===
Those sharing a divine heritage and didn't make a choice are bold faced; those who chose to be counted as an Elda rather than an Adan are italicized; those who were counted among the Edain (or who had not made the choice either way) are not. Their actual mathematical descent from elves is in a fraction in parentheses.

The important members of the half-elven lines were:
*'''[[Dior]]''', son of Man [[Beren]] and Elf [[Lúthien]], grandson of the [[Maia]] [[Melian]]. (1/4)
:Dior and his descendants were not only half-elven, but also descendants of the divine bloodline of [[Melian]]; Dior was slain in his 30s, far below the lifespan of a mortal, therefore his intended nature, [[Elven life cycle|longevity]] and [[mortality]] are not known.
*''[[Eärendil]]'', son of the Man [[Tuor]] and Elf [[Idril]] (1/2)
:Eärendil would rather have chosen the kindred of Men, but he chose the Elves for his wife Elwing's sake (she also chose the Elves). His fate was special; although he was not allowed to stay in [[Valinor]] with the Elves, he had to sail the heavens in his ship [[Vingilótë]], wearing the [[Silmaril]] of Beren and Lúthien on his brow, [[Star of Earendil|shining brightly]] as a sign of hope for [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Voyage" />

*''[[Elwing]]'', daughter of Dior and [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]. (5/8)
:Elwing's family was slain or lost, with only Elwing surviving, given her choice of kindred and choosing the Eldar. As Eärendil sailed the heavens, Elwing resided in a white tower built northward on the borders of the [[Sundering Seas]] and met him upon his return.<ref name="Voyage" />

*'''[[Eluréd]]''' and '''[[Elurín]]''', sons of Dior and Nimloth. (5/8)
:While Dior was slain, Eluréd and Elurín were abandoned in the woods outside Doriath by the vengeful Noldor and were never found again, disappearing from history in a very young age.<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> As with their father, their eventual nature remains unknown.
*''[[Elrond]]'', son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)
:His heirs would also have the free choice of kindred.

*[[Elros]], also son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)
:The heirs of Elros were not given the choice of the children of Elrond; but their lifespan was multiple of that of normal Men. In later times, the [[Kings of Númenor]] regretted their forefather's choice, and this led to the [[downfall of Númenor]].
*[[Arwen]], daughter of Elrond and [[Celebrían]]. (25/32)
:She could choose her kindred like her father; however unlike him, after living for millennia as an Elf, she ultimately chose the fate of Men and married [[Aragorn]], distant heir of Elros. Their son [[Eldarion]] and their daughters were not counted as Half-elven, but rather as [[Dúnedain]] restored, as the two Half-elven lines of Earendil were merged in the [[Fourth Age]].

*[[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], sons of Elrond and Celebrían. (25/32)
:Like their sister they "shall live with the youth of the Eldar" as immortals; until they made their choice, which they were bound to make only after their father took the [[White Ship]] out from Middle-earth. Their choice(s) and fate(s) is unknown.<ref>{{App|A1v}}</ref>

<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree|MEL|y|THI| | | |BEO| | | |HAD| | | | | |HAL| |FIN|y|IND|THI=[[Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|HAD=''[[House of Hador]]''|HAL=''[[House of Haleth]]''|BEO=''[[House of Bëor]]''|FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=[[Indis]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | |:| | | | | | | |:| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | |BAR| |BLG| |GAL|~|~|y|~|~|HAR| |FIN| |FIA|y|EAR| |BAR=[[Barahir]]|BLG=[[Belegund]]|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]]|HAR=[[Hareth]]|FIN=[[Fingolfin]]|FIA=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | |LUT|~|y|~|BRN| |RIA|~|~|y|~|~|HUO| | | | | |TUR|y|ELE|!| |TUR=[[Turgon]]|LUT=[[Lúthien]]|BRN=[[Beren]]|RIA=[[Rían]]|HUO=[[Huor]]|ELE=[[Elenwë]]
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{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | |DIO|y|NIM| | | | |TUO|~|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|~|~|IDR| | |!|DIO=[[Dior]]|TUO=[[Tuor]]|IDR=[[Idril]]|NIM=[[Nimloth]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | |ELD| |ELN| |ELW|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|~|EAR| | | | |CEL|y|GAL| | | |ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]]|CEL=[[Celeborn]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ELO| | | | | |ELD|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|CEL|ELO=[[Elros]]|ELD=[[Elrond]]|CEL=[[Celebrían]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |NUM| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|NUM=''[[Kings of Númenor]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |AND| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|AND=''[[Lords of Andúnië]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ARR| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|ARR=''[[Kings of Arnor|High Kings of Arnor]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ART| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|ART=''[[Kings of Arthedain]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |CDN| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|CDN=''[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ARA|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|ARW| |ELL| |ELR| | |ARA=[[Aragorn]]|ARW=[[Arwen]]|ELL=[[Elladan]]|ELR=[[Elrohir]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ELD| |DAU|ELD=[[Eldarion]]|DAU=Many daughters
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}}
{{familytree/end}}

</div>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an older version of the ''Quenta Silmarillion'', Manwë spoke this judgment to Eärendil:

{{quote|To Eärendel I remit the ban, and the peril that he took upon himself out of love for the Two Kindreds shall not fall on him; neither shall it fall upon Elwing who entered into peril for love of Eärendel: save only in this: they shall not ever walk again among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. Now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them; but in this matter the power of doom is given to me.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, Quenta Silmarillion}}

[[Christopher Tolkien]] interprets it as that Dior would inherit his father's mortality, irrespective of his mother's nature and choice.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, The Conclusion Of The Quenta Silmarillion, §9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Half-elves|Half-elves]] appear in [[Norse]] mythology, the offspring of a man and an [[Wikipedia:Alfar|Alfr]]; believed to be particularly beautiful and with magic powers.
==See also==
*[[Kinship of the Half-elven]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[de:Halbelben]]
[[fi:Puolhaltiat]]

Half-elven

2024-07-28T16:02:46Z

Blu3r4d0n: wikilink first occurrence of names.

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Until the world is broken and remade.jpg|thumb|"Until the world is broken and remade" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
{{quote|In the dawn of years Elves and Men were allies and held themselves akin [...] and in the glory and beauty of the Elves, and in their fate, full share had the offspring of elf and mortal...|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Men]]"}}
'''Half-elven''' ([[Sindarin]] singular '''Peredhel''', plural '''Peredhil'''), are the children of the [[Unions of Elves and Men|Union of Elves and Men]]. Half-elven are not a distinct race ''per se''; rather, they were fertile offspring as the result of a union between [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. There are four recorded unions of the [[Eldar]] with the [[Edain]].

In the late [[First Age]], Lúthien married Beren and Idril married Tuor.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref><ref name="Gondolin">{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> These two lines of Peredhil were then joined by the marriage of [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]].Eärendil and Elwing were the first to receive the choice of fates which passed to their line. Their sons, [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]], chose different fates and the line was sundered until the end of the [[Third Age]].

In the end of the [[Third Age]], when Arwen Undómiel wed [[Aragorn|Aragorn II Elessar]],<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref> a distant descendant of Elros Tar-Minyatur, it united the long-sundered lines of those descended from both Elves and Men. There is also mention of an Elven bloodline in Prince [[Imrahil]]<ref name="Debate">{{RK|Debate}}</ref> via the old tale of [[Mithrellas]] and [[Imrazôr]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>{{rp|220-2}}

==History==
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Descendants of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|225px|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Descendants of Thingol'']]
The first bond between Elves and Men was the marriage of [[Beren Erchamion]] and [[Lúthien Tinúviel]], from which a single son, [[Dior Eluchíl]], was born. Dior wed [[Nimloth of Doriath]], and they had three children: [[twins]] [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]], and [[Elwing|Elwing the White]]. Dior wore the [[Nauglamir]] with the [[Silmaril]], passed to him from his mother, thus awakening the oath of the [[Fëanorians]] and the [[Second Kinslaying]].

The next bond came about through the union of [[Tuor]] son of [[Huor]] and [[Idril Celebrindal]], from which another son, [[Eärendil]], was born. While Eärendil was truly half-elven, his Adan father, Tuor, had been granted the fate of the elder race.<ref name="Gondolin"/> Eärendil and Elwing begat another pair of twin sons: [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]]. Of the half-elves, Eärendil and Elwing were specifically given a choice in their fates when they journeyed to Valinor with the Silmaril to beg pardon for the [[Noldor]] and plead the plight of Elves and Men to the Valar. Only after that event was the choice passed to their children, to be counted as one of the [[Eldar]] (Elves), thus being immortal, or one of the [[Edain]] (Men), thus being mortal.<ref name="Voyage">{{S|Voyage}}</ref> Elrond Half-elven chose the fate of Elven-kind, but Elros chose the [[Gift of Men]], and none of [[House of Elros|his descendants]] bore the title of "Half-Elven".

[[Image:Līga Kļaviņa - Family.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Family'']]
Elrond wed [[Celebrían]], daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]], and bore three children: twin sons [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and daughter [[Arwen Undómiel]]. Aragorn and Arwen were parents to a son, [[Eldarion]], as well as at least two daughters, thus leaving a remnant of the proud Elven lineage even after the Firstborn had long passed over the sea and out of time and memory. Though these children were long-lived, like Númenóreans had been and Eldarion ruled for at least 100 years,<ref>{{L|338}}</ref> they were mortal.

There is no evidence that any other mixed bloodline shared in the choice of fate as Earendil's and Elwing's. The children of [[Mithrellas]], [[Galador]] and [[Gilmith]], were enobled but mortal like their father, as were their descendants.<ref name="Debate"/>

===The half-elven lines===
Those sharing a divine heritage and didn't make a choice are bold faced; those who chose to be counted as an Elda rather than an Adan are italicized; those who were counted among the Edain (or who had not made the choice either way) are not. Their actual mathematical descent from elves is in a fraction in parentheses.

The important members of the half-elven lines were:
* '''[[Dior]]''', son of Man [[Beren]] and Elf [[Lúthien]], grandson of the [[Maia]] [[Melian]]. (1/4)
:Dior and his descendants were not only half-elven, but also descendants of the divine bloodline of [[Melian]]; Dior was slain in his 30s, far below the lifespan of a mortal, therefore his intended nature, [[Elven life cycle|longevity]] and [[mortality]] are not known.
* ''[[Eärendil]]'', son of the Man [[Tuor]] and Elf [[Idril]] (1/2)
:Eärendil would rather have chosen the kindred of Men, but he chose the Elves for his wife Elwing's sake (she also chose the Elves). His fate was special; although he was not allowed to stay in [[Valinor]] with the Elves, he had to sail the heavens in his ship [[Vingilótë]], wearing the [[Silmaril]] of Beren and Lúthien on his brow, [[Star of Earendil|shining brightly]] as a sign of hope for [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Voyage"/>

* ''[[Elwing]]'', daughter of Dior and [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]. (5/8)
:Elwing's family was slain or lost, with only Elwing surviving, given her choice of kindred and choosing the Eldar. As Eärendil sailed the heavens, Elwing resided in a white tower built northward on the borders of the [[Sundering Seas]] and met him upon his return.<ref name="Voyage"/>

* '''[[Eluréd]]''' and '''[[Elurín]]''', sons of Dior and Nimloth. (5/8)
:While Dior was slain, Eluréd and Elurín were abandoned in the woods outside Doriath by the vengeful Noldor and were never found again, disappearing from history in a very young age.<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> As with their father, their eventual nature remains unknown.
* ''[[Elrond]]'', son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)
:His heirs would also have the free choice of kindred.

* [[Elros]], also son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)
:The heirs of Elros were not given the choice of the children of Elrond; but their lifespan was multiple of that of normal Men. In later times, the [[Kings of Númenor]] regretted their forefather's choice, and this led to the [[downfall of Númenor]].
* [[Arwen]], daughter of Elrond and [[Celebrían]]. (25/32)
:She could choose her kindred like her father; however unlike him, after living for millennia as an Elf, she ultimately chose the fate of Men and married [[Aragorn]], distant heir of Elros. Their son [[Eldarion]] and their daughters were not counted as Half-elven, but rather as [[Dúnedain]] restored, as the two Half-elven lines of Earendil were merged in the [[Fourth Age]].

* [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], sons of Elrond and Celebrían. (25/32)
:Like their sister they "shall live with the youth of the Eldar" as immortals; until they made their choice, which they were bound to make only after their father took the [[White Ship]] out from Middle-earth. Their choice(s) and fate(s) is unknown.<ref>{{App|A1v}}</ref>

<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree|MEL|y|THI| | | |BEO| | | |HAD| | | | | |HAL| |FIN|y|IND|THI=[[Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|HAD=''[[House of Hador]]''|HAL=''[[House of Haleth]]''|BEO=''[[House of Bëor]]''|FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=[[Indis]]
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{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | |:| | | | | | | |:| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | |BAR| |BLG| |GAL|~|~|y|~|~|HAR| |FIN| |FIA|y|EAR| |BAR=[[Barahir]]|BLG=[[Belegund]]|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]]|HAR=[[Hareth]]|FIN=[[Fingolfin]]|FIA=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | |LUT|~|y|~|BRN| |RIA|~|~|y|~|~|HUO| | | | | |TUR|y|ELE|!| |TUR=[[Turgon]]|LUT=[[Lúthien]]|BRN=[[Beren]]|RIA=[[Rían]]|HUO=[[Huor]]|ELE=[[Elenwë]]
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{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | |DIO|y|NIM| | | | |TUO|~|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|~|~|IDR| | |!|DIO=[[Dior]]|TUO=[[Tuor]]|IDR=[[Idril]]|NIM=[[Nimloth]]
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{{familytree| | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | |ELD| |ELN| |ELW|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|~|EAR| | | | |CEL|y|GAL| | | |ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]]|CEL=[[Celeborn]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ELO| | | | | |ELD|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|CEL|ELO=[[Elros]]|ELD=[[Elrond]]|CEL=[[Celebrían]]
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |NUM| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|NUM=''[[Kings of Númenor]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |AND| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|AND=''[[Lords of Andúnië]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ARR| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|ARR=''[[Kings of Arnor|High Kings of Arnor]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ART| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|ART=''[[Kings of Arthedain]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |CDN| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|CDN=''[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]''
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ARA|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|ARW| |ELL| |ELR| | |ARA=[[Aragorn]]|ARW=[[Arwen]]|ELL=[[Elladan]]|ELR=[[Elrohir]]
|boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ELD| |DAU|ELD=[[Eldarion]]|DAU=Many daughters
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{{familytree/end}}

</div>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an older version of the ''Quenta Silmarillion'', Manwë spoke this judgment to Eärendil:

{{quote|To Eärendel I remit the ban, and the peril that he took upon himself out of love for the Two Kindreds shall not fall on him; neither shall it fall upon Elwing who entered into peril for love of Eärendel: save only in this: they shall not ever walk again among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. Now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them; but in this matter the power of doom is given to me.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, Quenta Silmarillion}}

[[Christopher Tolkien]] interprets it as that Dior would inherit his father's mortality, irrespective of his mother's nature and choice.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, The Conclusion Of The Quenta Silmarillion, §9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Half-elves|Half-elves]] appear in [[Norse]] mythology, the offspring of a man and an [[Wikipedia:Alfar|Alfr]]; believed to be particularly beautiful and with magic powers.
==See also==
*[[Kinship of the Half-elven]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[de:Halbelben]]
[[fi:Puolhaltiat]]

A Knife in the Dark

2024-07-26T21:02:09Z

Blu3r4d0n: added note about the source of the lights that Aragorn and Frodo see. from Hammond/Scull (their sources are The Hunt for the Ring and MSS 4/2/31-37)

{{chapter
| image=Ted Nasmith - Fire on Weathertop.jpg
| title=A Knife in the Dark
| book=The Fellowship of the Ring
| number=11
| event=[[Fredegar Bolger|Fatty]] is attacked at [[Crickhollow]]; [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Strider (Aragorn)|Strider]] leave and are attacked at [[Weathertop]].
| date=[[30 September]]-[[6 October]] {{TA|3018|n}}
| location=[[Crickhollow]], [[Bree]], and [[Weathertop]]
| previous=Strider (chapter)
| next=Flight to the Ford
}}

'''A Knife in the Dark''' is the eleventh chapter of the first book in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.

In this chapter, [[Fredegar Bolger|Fatty Bolger]] is attacked by [[Black Riders]] at [[Crickhollow]], but the [[Bucklanders]] scare them away. The Black Riders attack the [[Prancing Pony]], but cannot find the [[Hobbits]]. The Hobbits lose their ponies, but purchase [[Bill the Pony]] to replace them. They make their way to [[Weathertop]] together with [[Strider]], where Black Riders attack them in force. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] is stabbed with a [[Morgul-knife]].

==Summary==

Back at [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s new "home" in [[Crickhollow]], [[Fredegar Bolger|Fatty Bolger]] has been having an uneasy sensation all day. That night, he sees dark shadows in the trees, and his gate opens and closes of its own accord. Three dark figures arrive at the house, surrounding it on all sides. One figure demands he open the door, and then all three break inside. Suddenly, a horn blows in the distance.

{{quote|AWAKE! FEAR! FIRE! FOES! AWAKE!|The [[Horn-call of Buckland]]}}

Fatty had escaped the house before the [[Black Riders]] broke in, and ran a whole mile to call for help. The [[Bucklanders]], fearing an invasion from the [[Old Forest]], sounded the alarm [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|for the first time in a hundred years]]. The Black Riders flee Crickhollow, and we are told that they now realize [[The One Ring]] has already left the area.

Back in [[Bree]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] has trouble sleeping. He dreams again of a wind in the east, and the gallop of hooves. He wakes up just before dawn, hearing a horn blowing far off in the distance.

[[Strider]] leads the [[Hobbits]] to their rooms, where they discover that the doors have been bashed in and their beds have been slashed and ransacked. They wake [[Barliman Butterbur]], who is appalled at this turn of events. Frodo, [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Pippin Took|Pippin]] prepare to leave with Strider as soon as possible, skipping breakfast. Barliman goes to fetch their ponies, but discovers that the stable doors had been opened and the ponies are gone. Strider reassures them that ponies would not have sped up their journey by much, on the roads he intends to take.

Frodo inquires whether more ponies could be purchased in the village. Barliman replies that the chances are low, but sends his assistants out to look anyway. Strider laments that they will no longer be able to leave Bree unnoticed, but the Hobbits are glad to have a chance to eat breakfast while they wait. The wait lasts three hours.

Barliman's assistant [[Bob]] finally returns with bad news: He could find only [[Bill the Pony|one pony for sale]], at a very steep price, belonging to [[Bill Ferny]].

{{quote|A poor old half-starved creature it is, but he won't part with it for less than thrice its worth, seeing how you're placed, not if I knows Bill Ferny.|[[Bob]]}}

Frodo worries that the pony would bolt right back to Bill Ferny with all their belongings. Strider is confident that no animal would want to return to Bill Ferny. Bill's price is 12 silver pennies, which Barliman Butterbur offers to pay out of his own pocket, giving Merry another 18 silvers for his lost ponies. We're told that Merry's lost ponies were later found by [[Tom Bombadil]], one having been stolen and the others having wandered across [[Bree-land]]. Tom collected them and returned them to Barliman, who ultimately benefited from his generosity.

The other guests at the inn are outraged to find that some of their animals had also escaped. However, they soon discover that the southerner who had conferred with Bill Ferny has also disappeared, and the blame quickly falls on him. When Barliman chastises the southerners for bringing a thief with them, it turns out that none of them had actually arrived with him nor knew who he was.

Due to the events and commotion of the previous night, many people come to see the Hobbits leave Bree. Strider decides to lead the Hobbits out the main road, as leaving into the wilderness would only arouse more suspicion. Frodo gives a heartfelt farewell to Barliman Butterbur and his loyal assistants.

The Hobbits make their way out of Bree. In the window of the last house on the road, Frodo spots the southerner peeking out at them. Outside the house is Bill Ferny, who sneers at Strider, calling him "Longshanks". He warns the Hobbits not to trust Strider. Strider does not reply, but Sam throws an apple he'd been eating at Ferny's face.

Several people follow the Hobbits a short way out of the village, but quickly turn back. The party passes the Hobbit village of [[Staddle]], and shortly after that Strider takes them off the road and into the wilderness. Pippin complains about short cuts, citing the troubles they'd caused the Hobbits previously. Strider reassures him:

{{quote|Ah, but you had not got me with you then. My cuts, short or long, don't go wrong.|[[Strider]]}}

At first, Strider leads the Hobbits on a winding path to throw off any pursuit. The next day, he straightens their course eastward, and soon they reach the [[Midgewater Marshes]]. Midges begin tormenting them as they make their way slowly across the marsh. The incessant bites and the sound of [[Neekerbreekers|unknown bog-creatures]] keeps them up at night.

On the night of [[3 October]], Frodo wakes up to see flashes of light far away in the east. Strider has no idea what they are, describing them only as "lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops".{{refn|group=notes|These lights come from the fight between [[Gandalf]] and the [[Ringwraiths]] at [[Weathertop]] on the night of October 3.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, "A Knife in the Dark", pp. 166-168</ref>}} He maintains a vigil over the camp that whole night.

On [[4 October]], the party leaves the Marshes and spots in the distance a strange, conical hill with a flat top. Strider calls it [[Weathertop]] - the halfway point between Bree and [[Rivendell]]. Strider considers heading straight towards it, though he's unsure what they might find there. Frodo says he assumed that Gandalf would be waiting for them there, but Strider says that this is unlikely. He points out that the chance of both Gandalf and the party reaching Weathertop at the same time is slim; and also that the [[Black Riders]] will likely make their way to the hill if they can't find the Hobbits elsewhere. He warns that some birds may have been employed as their spies. He concludes that the safest course would be to approach the hill from an unexpected direction.

On the morning of [[5 October]], the Hobbits have a relatively meager breakfast. Pippin notices that Frodo seems "twice the Hobbit that he had been". Frodo, however, feels much thinner, and worries that if he continues thinning he might "turn into a wraith". Strider is very disturbed by this, and urgently commands him not to speak of such things.

That night, the party reaches the [[Weather Hills]] north of Weathertop. On the morning of [[6 October]] they turn south, following a path leading down to Weathertop that seems to have been specially designed to keep travelers hidden from view. The boulders lining the path remind Merry of the Standing Stones in the [[Barrow-downs]]. This prompts Strider to explain the history of Weathertop. He says that the hill was once a magnificent watch-tower built by [[Men of the West]] as part of their defensive lines against [[Angmar]]. He names the tower "Amon Sûl", and says that it was almost completely destroyed. He demonstrates an impressive knowledge of ancient lore, reporting that [[Elendil]] was said to have stood there watching for the coming of [[Gil-Galad]] in the days of the [[Last Alliance]].

Merry asks who Gil-Galad was. Strider seems to be lost in thought about this, but suddenly Sam begins singing [[The Fall of Gil-galad|part of a song about Gil-Galad]], amazing everyone. Sam says he learned the song from [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], who had also taught him how to read. Sam claims that Bilbo wrote the song himself. Strider corrects him, saying that the song was originally written in an ancient tongue, which Bilbo must have translated; he is pleasantly surprised. Sam adds that he wouldn't learn the rest of the song because it was about going to [[Mordor]]. Pippin hopes aloud that they won't have to go to Mordor. Strider commands him not to speak that name out loud again.

The party finally reaches Weathertop, and locates a sheltered dell on its western side. Sam and Pippin remain there with the pony, while the others make their way to the top. As Strider said earlier, the watch-tower is burnt and ruined, and there is no sign of Gandalf. Strider says that Gandalf rides very fast, and might have reached Weathertop before they did. Indeed, Strider soon finds an unusual rock bearing small scratches, which he interprets as the [[Angerthas]] rune for "G" followed by the number 3 - indicating that Gandalf had been there on 3 October. Since Gandalf has left only a few cryptic marks, Strider concludes that he must have been in quite a hurry to leave the tower, and worried that someone sinister might find the message.

Strider observes fresh burn marks upon the stones, and speculates that Gandalf must have fought something in the tower on 3 October - explaining the lights they had observed in the east that night. He says the party will have to make its way to Rivendell without Gandalf. Merry asks how far Rivendell is. Strider is unsure; he estimates that it would have taken him about 12 days to reach the [[Ford of Bruinen]] by road, but since the party will likely have to stay off the road, it might take at least a fortnight.

Frodo feels homesick as he looks at the road headed back west from the tower. Suddenly, he notices two black specks on the road, moving westward, and three other black specks moving eastward to meet them. He tells Strider, who drops quickly to the ground, pulling Frodo with him. They creep up to the edge of the hill to observe the specks as evening falls.

{{quote|The enemy is here!|[[Strider]]}}

Strider, Frodo and Merry return to the dell. Meanwhile, Sam and Pippin have explored the area, and found signs of a recent campsite next to a spring, with fresh boot marks and bundles of firewood. Strider examines these, concluding that Rangers had been there a few days earlier and left that firewood, though the tracks have mostly been ruined by Sam and Pippin. He also notices many heavy bootprints, which disturb him.

Sam suggests leaving Weathertop as soon as possible. Strider considers this, but concludes that there is nowhere better to go, especially at night when they will surely be spotted leaving. At the Hobbits' inquiries, he explains that the Black Riders can "see" vague shapes, except in the bright light of the sun; can smell the blood of living creatures; and can feel them in their vicinity as keenly as the Hobbits had felt unease at the presence of the Riders. He rues his mistake of wandering carelessly on the hill-top. Finally, he adds that [[The One Ring]] attracts the Riders. Frodo seems to lose hope of ever escaping the Riders.

{{quote|There is still hope. You are not alone. Let us take this wood that is set ready for the fire as a sign. There is little shelter or defence here, but fire shall serve for both. Sauron can put fire to his evil use, as he can all things, but these Riders do not love it, and fear those who wield it. Fire is our friend in the wilderness.|[[Strider]]}}

The party sets up a campfire deep in the dell, and sits down to eat. Frodo is worried that their food stores won't last until Rivendell, but Strider reassures him that food can be gathered from the wild. He bids the Hobbits think of the tables at [[Elrond]]'s house.

As the night darkens, Strider begins telling the Hobbits tales of times long past. They wonder how old Strider really is. They ask him again about Gil-Galad, and he replies that Frodo might actually know some of the story. Frodo confirms that he had heard it from Gandalf, and begins telling the tale. Strider quickly stops him, saying that he should not speak of it while servants of the Enemy are nearby, bidding the Hobbits wait until they reach Rivendell.

Instead, Strider tells the Hobbits the tale of [[Tinúviel]], though he claims that only Elrond now remembers the tale properly. After a long pause, he sings the [[Song of Beren and Lúthien]]. After completing the song's many verses, he explains the tale in plain words, telling of the meeting between the [[Men|mortal man]] [[Beren]] and the [[Elf|elvish princess]] [[Lúthien]] during the [[First Age]]; the war against the [[Great Enemy]]; and the retrieval of one of the stolen [[Silmarils]]. He tells of how Beren died at the hands of the [[Carcharoth|Wolf of Angband]], and how Lúthien gave up her immortality in order to join him in the afterlife. Their union, Strider adds, gave birth to a [[Half-elven]] lineage from which Elrond is descended, as well as [[Eärendil]] who sired the kings of [[Númenor]].

Strider seems greatly affected by his own story. As he finishes, the moon rises behind him, and the Hobbits spot a small, dark shape at the top of the hill. They suddenly feel very uneasy. Sam and Merry scout the edge of the dell, but soon return and report that they suddenly felt very afraid and that Merry spotted two or three dark shapes moving towards them. The party prepares for a fight, as Strider commands them to pick up longer sticks from the fire.

As the party huddles around the fire, facing outwards, dark shapes begin appearing around the lip of the dell. Soon, the party is surrounded by four tall black figures, seeming darker than the darkness behind them. Pippin and Merry cower on the ground in terror, but Sam stays close to Frodo. Frodo suddenly feels a powerful temptation to put on the Ring. Despite remembering every reason not to, he puts the Ring on his finger.

Now under the Ring's effect, Frodo can see the Black Riders in their true form: five tall figures with white faces, merciless eyes, and grey hair, wearing long robes and silver helmets, and wielding swords. Three Riders rush towards him, and he pulls out his sword, which seems to burn bright red. Though two stop in their tracks at this sight, one continues to advance: a taller figure wearing a crown, holding a long-sword and a knife.

Frodo throws himself on the ground, crying "[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth|O Elbereth! Gilthoniel!]]", and swinging his sword at the crowned figure's feet. The figure shrieks in pain, and then stabs Frodo in the left shoulder.

Before passing out in pain, Frodo glimpses Strider leaping at the figure with flaming brands of wood in each hand. Frodo drops his sword, grabs the Ring, and pulls it off his finger, holding it very tightly.

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=notes}}

{{references}}

[[Category:The Fellowship of the Ring chapters|Knife in the Dark]]
[[fi:Veitsi yössä (TSH)]]

Fog on the Barrow-downs

2024-07-25T04:01:49Z

Blu3r4d0n: added info about Merry's blade

{{Quote|There is a seed of courage hidden (often deeply, it is true) in the heart of the fattest and most timid hobbit, waiting for some final and desperate danger to make it grow.}}{{chapter
| image=Paul Raymond Gregory - Fog on the Barrow Downs.jpg
| title=Fog on the Barrow-Downs
| book=The Fellowship of the Ring
| number=8
| event=[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and his companions are captured by [[Barrow-wights]]; they are rescued by [[Tom Bombadil]].
| date=[[28 September]] {{TA|3018|n}}
| location=[[Barrow-downs]]
| previous=In the House of Tom Bombadil
| next=At the Sign of the Prancing Pony
}}

'''Fog on the Barrow-downs''' is the eighth chapter of the first book in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.

The [[Hobbits]] journey to the [[Barrow-downs]], where they get lost and are captured by the [[Barrow-wights]]. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] summons [[Tom Bombadil]], who rescues them and finds them each a sword from the Barrow-wights' stolen treasure. The Hobbits say farewell to Tom and set out towards [[Bree]].

==Summary==

The [[Hobbits]] sleep well that night at [[Tom Bombadil]]'s house. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] dreams of singing, rain, and grassy meadows. In the morning, the Hobbits once again eat breakfast alone. Tom bids them farewell, and they ride northwards towards the [[Barrow-downs]].

As they leave, Frodo suddenly remembers that they haven't said farewell to [[Goldberry]]; however she appears at the top of the hill ahead of them, dancing. They make their way to her, and observe that the mists that previously shrouded the landscape have cleared away, giving them a view all the way to the [[Brandywine]] to the west, [[Withywindle]] to the south, and even a hint of the [[Misty Mountains]] to the east. The Hobbits bow silently to Goldberry and proceed; she watches them until they are nearly out of sight.

The Hobbits continue over and around the hills in a north-eastward direction. Climbing up a taller hill, they see to the north what Merry identifies as a row of trees, marking the [[East Road]] as it runs east from the [[Brandywine Bridge]]. This surprises the Hobbits, as it would mean they had covered a much greater distance than they'd assumed. To their direct east they spot green mounds on top of the hills, marked with tall standing stones that make them somewhat uneasy. Below them in a small hollow is another such stone, and they rest upon its eastern side and eat the food given to them by Tom.

The heat of the midday sun quickly exhausts the Hobbits; they lose track of time and fall asleep. When they wake, they are horrified to discover that the sun is already setting, and the area has become covered in a thick fog, seemingly centered on the standing stone. They scramble onto their ponies and set off northwards immediately, hoping to go straight towards the trees they had seen earlier. The mist becomes colder and damper as they proceed, and darkness quickly falls.

The Hobbits ride in single file so as not to become separated in the dark mist, with Frodo at the front. He reaches what he thinks is the opening at the northern end of the Barrow-downs, only to discover that he'd reached a pair of huge standing stones he had not seen earlier from the hilltop. His pony rears up, throws him off, and runs away. Frodo discovers that he is completely alone.

Frodo calls out to his companions, and eventually hears someone calling out to him from the east. The call turns into a desperate cry for help, and finally falls silent. Frodo finds himself at the top of a hill, still surrounded by the thick fog. He realizes that he'd been going the wrong way, and is now standing in front of one of the great barrows.

Frodo calls out one last time, and is answered by a shrill voice that seems to come from the ground itself:

{{quote|Here! I am waiting for you!"|[[Barrow-wights|Mysterious voice]]}}

Frodo tries to run, but instead loses his strength and falls to the ground. He sees a dark figure staring down at him with cold, glowing eyes. The figure grips him like cold iron, and he falls unconscious.

Frodo wakes up to find himself lying on a stone slab inside the barrow. He immediately realizes that he has been taken by a [[Barrow-wight]], and is held motionless by its evil spell. He finds himself thinking about [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and the little adventures they'd had together, and begins to wonder if this is the grim end to his adventure; however this gives him courage, and helps ward off the Wight's spell, allowing him to move a little.

Frodo notices an eerie glow emanating around him. He turns over, seeing [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] lying on stone slabs beside him. They are motionless and pale like the freshly-deceased, and are dressed in white robes, wearing golden crowns, with treasures strewn about them. A single, long sword lies naked across their necks.

Frodo begins to hear a murmuring song, an evil incantation, filling the chamber:

{{quote|Cold be hand and heart and bone, and cold be sleep under stone: never more to wake on stony bed, never, till the Sun fails and the Moon is dead. In the black wind the stars shall die, and still on gold here let them lie, till the dark lord lifts up his hand over dead sea and withered land.|[[Cold_Be_Hand_and_Heart_and_Bone|The Barrow-wight's Chant]]}}

Frodo spots a pale light coming from a passage at the back of the chamber. Through the passage comes a long arm, which crawls on its fingertips towards Sam. For a moment, Frodo considers putting on [[The One Ring]], escaping the barrow and abandoning his friends. He fights this desire, and eventually prevails. He leaps off the stone slab, grabbing a sword that was lying next to him, and hacks the hand off the ghostly arm. His sword shatters.

Frodo attempts to wake Merry, but to no avail. Suddenly, he remembers the song that Tom Bombadil had taught the Hobbits the night before, and begins singing it. Soon enough, he hears Tom's voice approaching, singing the next verse of his song. The wall of the barrow collapses, and sunlight streams in. Through the opening comes Tom Bombadil. He begins to sing a song commanding the Wights to disperse from this evil place. The sleeping Hobbits begin to stir.

Frodo and Tom carry the other Hobbits out of the barrow and into the morning sun. On the final trip inside, Frodo believes he saw the Wight's severed hand still wriggling. Finally, Tom goes in one last time and emerges with a pile of treasure, which he lays out on the grass.

Tom sings once again, commanding the Hobbits to wake up. As Merry regains consciousness, he initially seems to believe that he is one of the kings laid to rest in the barrow, and even recounts the final moments of his life. He quickly returns to himself.

Sam inquires as to the whereabouts of his clothes. Tom says that the clothes are lost forever, but bids the Hobbits take off the funeral shrouds that the Wight's spell had put on them and run naked through the grass, celebrating life. They do as he asked.

Tom dances away, singing the names of six ponies, calling them to return. He soon reappears with the Hobbits' five ponies, and a new, larger one called [[Fatty Lumpkin]]. He explains that this is his pony, which he will ride as he accompanies the Hobbits to the East Road. The narrator tells us that the other five ponies (all owned by Merry) had previously had no names, but will answer the names that Tom gave them for the rest of their lives.

The Hobbits retrieve spare clothes from their saddle packs, and sit down to have a meal. As they do, Tom returns to the treasure pile. He says that the treasure is now free for all takers, and explains that this would break the Wight's haunting of the barrow. For himself, he picks a brilliant brooch, which he intends to give as a gift to Goldberry.

Tom then takes four leaf-shaped daggers from the pile, and hands one to each Hobbit to use as a short-sword.{{refn|group=notes|Merry's blade eventually slays the [[Witch-king]] with this blade in ''[[The Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]''.<ref>{{HM|RC}} p.146</ref>}} The daggers look brand new, but Tom explains that they were made by the [[Men of Westernesse]], a very long time ago. He says that these Men were once the enemies of [[Sauron]], but were defeated by the evil king of [[Carn Dûm]] in the land of [[Angmar]]. As Tom tells this story, the Hobbits appear to experience a vision in which they see a shadowy army marching across the Barrow-downs, and behind them a man with a star on his brow.

The Hobbits and Tom Bombadil set out northwards. Frodo looks for the two huge standing stones he'd encountered earlier, but sees them nowhere. Soon enough, they reach the gap at the northern edge of the downs. They quickly realize that they could never have reached it before nightfall on the previous day. What they thought were the trees lining the East Road was nothing more than a hedge at the top of an artificial ditch, which Tom says is the border of a long-gone kingdom.

As evening falls, the Hobbits finally reach the East Road, and immediately recall the danger of the [[Black Riders]] which had been forgotten days before. Tom explains that down the road to the east lies the village of [[Bree]]. He instructs them to look for [[Barliman Butterbur]], the proprietor of the [[Prancing Pony]] inn, vouching for his character. The Hobbits beg Tom to come have a drink with them at the inn, but Tom refuses, saying that this is the edge of his country; and that he must return to Goldberry. He bids them farewell and rides off, singing.

Night falls as the Hobbits ride towards Bree. Merry explains that both Hobbits and Men live there, and that [[Brandybucks]] visit the village occasionally as well. Sam hopes that the Prancing Pony will be similar to the [[Green Dragon]] back home. Frodo reminds the others that he is to be addressed by the name "Underhill", to keep his identity secret.

The chapter ends with the Hobbits finally spotting the village ahead, and make their way towards it through the darkness.

==Composition==
The chapter contains the phrase "[[Wiktionary:glister|glistered]] and sparkled on the grass". The typists miread [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s "r" as "n" and typed ''[[Wiktionary:glisten|glistened]]'', which has been twice corrected back to ''glistered'' by Tolkien and printed correctly in the first edition of [[1954]]; however it was reverted back to its mistaken form in the unauthorised resetting of the ''Fellowship'', and failed to be noticed in subsequent editions. The process has been detected by Steve Frisby, and it was finally corrected in the [[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|50th Anniversary Edition]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. xlii, xliii</ref>
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:The Fellowship of the Ring chapters]]
[[fi:Sumua Hautakeroilla (TSH)]]

The Battle of the Pelennor Fields

2024-07-25T03:54:08Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Summary */ added context about the dagger that Merry stabbed the Witch-king with

{{disambig-more|Battle of the Pelennor Fields|[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields (disambiguation)]]}}
{{chapter
| image=John Howe - Eowyn and the Nazgul.jpg
| title=The Battle of the Pelennor Fields
| book=The Return of the King
| number=6
| event=[[Éowyn]] reveals herself and, with [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], slays the [[Witch-king]].
| date=[[15 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}
| location=[[Pelennor Fields]]
| perspective=[[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]]
| previous=The Ride of the Rohirrim
| next=The Pyre of Denethor
}}
'''The Battle of the Pelennor Fields''' is the sixth chapter of the first book in ''[[The Return of the King]]''.

==Summary==
Suddenly, a massive black beast swooped down upon [[Théoden]], hitting his horse with a poisoned dart. The steed reared up, and the king fell beneath his [[Snowmane|horse]], crushed. The [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]] loomed above on the back of his flying steed. Terrified, Théoden's guards fled in panic—all but [[Dernhelm]]. Thrown from his horse but unharmed, Dernhelm challenged the Witch-king. [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], crawling on all fours in a daze, heard Dernhelm speak, and he recognized the warrior’s voice. Dernhelm threw back his hood and revealed to the [[Nazgûl]] that he was in fact [[Éowyn]], the Lady of Rohan, in disguise.

The winged steed struck at Éowyn, but she dealt it a fatal wound, cutting off its head. The Witch-king leapt off his dead mount and shattered Éowyn’s shield with a blow from his club, breaking her arm. He raised his spiked club again, but just before he struck, Merry sneaked up behind him and stabbed the Nazgûl through the leg with an ancient dagger that [[Tom Bombadil]] gave him at the [[Barrow-downs]]. Bowed over, the creature let out a terrible shriek. Éowyn, with her final strength, slashed at his face with her sword, the blade shattering upon impact. The Witch-king's armour fell shapeless at Éowyn’s feet, and his crown rolled away. Éowyn collapsed on top of the Nazgûl’s remains.

The dying King Théoden appointed [[Éomer]] as his heir. Éomer, seeing his sister Éowyn’s fallen body, led the Rohirrim in a furious attack. The men of Minas Tirith, led by [[Imrahil]], [[Prince of Dol Amroth]], emerged from the city and drove the enemy from the gate. Théoden's body was taken to the city, along with Éowyn, but Imrahil alerted her rescuers that she was not dead.

The allies of [[Mordor]] reassembled as new soldiers of [[Sauron]] arrived from [[Osgiliath]]. The men of Rohan and [[Gondor]] dwindled. As the tide turned against Gondor again, a fleet of black ships appeared on the [[Anduin]] River. The defenders of Gondor turned for the city at the sight of the enemy ships. Éomer, though he realized he was defeated, continued to fight bravely, laughing in a mix of hope and despair.

Suddenly, the frontmost black ship unfurled the [[standard of Elendil]] bearing the white tree of Gondor and the seven stars and crown of [[Elendil]]— the symbols of the ancient high-kingdom of [[Arnor]]. [[Aragorn]] had arrived in the black ships, along with the [[Rangers of the North]], [[Legolas]], [[Gimli]], and reinforcements from the southern kingdoms.<ref>{{RK|Company}}</ref> Wielding the legendary sword [[Andúril]], reforged and burning like a star, Aragorn led a fierce battle to save Gondor. The armies of Mordor were defeated, and Aragorn, Éomer, and Imrahil returned to the city.
{{references}}
[[Category:The Return of the King chapters|Battle of Pelennor Fields]]
[[fi:Taistelu Pelennorin kentillä (TSH)]]

In the House of Tom Bombadil

2024-07-25T03:01:42Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Notes */ changed going to traveling

{{chapter
| image=Anke Eißmann - In the house of Tom Bombadil.jpg
| title=In the House of Tom Bombadil
| book=The Fellowship of the Ring
| number=7
| event=[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and company stay at the house of [[Tom Bombadil]].
| date=[[26 September|26]]-[[27 September]] {{TA|3018|n}}
| location=The [[Old Forest]]
| previous=The Old Forest
| next=Fog on the Barrow-downs
}}

'''In the House of Tom Bombadil''' is the seventh chapter of the first book in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.

In this chapter, the [[Hobbits]] eat supper and speak with [[Tom Bombadil]] and his wife [[Goldberry]] at their house. They sleep comfortably, though each Hobbit except [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] has nightmares. The next day, Tom speaks about [[Old Man Willow]] and then demonstrates that he is unaffected by [[The One Ring]]. Tom teaches the Hobbits a rhyme to summon his help, and they go to sleep again.

==Summary==

The [[Hobbits]] enter [[Tom Bombadil]]'s house to find a fair woman with flowing, golden hair sitting at the far end of the room, surrounded by pots of water containing white water-lilies. She leaps up gracefully and introduces herself as [[Goldberry]], inviting the Hobbits in to laugh and be merry. She closes the door behind them, bidding the Hobbits to leave their fears outside. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] recognizes her as a character in a song he'd once heard. Feeling as though under a powerful spell, he suddenly begins singing it.

{{quote|O slender as a willow-wand! O clearer than clear water! O reed by the living pool! Fair River-daughter! O spring-time and summer-time, and spring again after! O wind on the waterfall, and the leaves' laughter!|[[Frodo Baggins]]}}

Goldberry recognizes Frodo as an [[Elf-friend]]. She asks her guests to sit at the table as she gets it ready for supper. The Hobbits can hear Tom Bombadil outside, tending to their ponies. Frodo asks Goldberry who Tom Bombadil is.

{{quote|He is.|[[Goldberry]]}}

When Frodo presses the question, Goldberry elaborates that Tom is a "Master of wood, water, and hill", but adds that the land does not "belong" to him. She explains that Tom does not wish to own anything, nor fears anything.

Tom finally enters, now wearing a crown of autumn leaves. He leads the Hobbits into another room, where they find soft mattresses on the floor and four washing basins. After cleaning themselves, the Hobbits return to the main hall and dine with Tom and Goldberry. The dinner is quite merry, and the Hobbits discover to their surprise that it is easier for them to sing than to talk.

After the meal, the Hobbits are sat in comfortable chairs in front of the fireplace. Goldberry bids them a good night's sleep, promising that no danger can enter the house. Tom Bombadil sits with the Hobbits in silence. Frodo asks Tom whether he'd heard Frodo's call for help. Tom answers negatively, chalking their encounter up to chance - though he does add that he was expecting the Hobbits' arrival. He continues by singing a verse about his "errand" to collect water-lilies for Goldberry, which just so happened to lead him past the spot where the Hobbits were attacked by [[Old Man Willow]].

Frodo asks Tom to explain what Old Man Willow is, but [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] protest, refusing to hear of it until morning. Tom agrees with them. He leads the Hobbits to their guest-room, where they all fall asleep almost as soon as they lie down on their soft mattresses.

That night, each of the Hobbits has a strange nightmare, except for [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] who sleeps comfortably throughout.

In Frodo's dream, he sees the moon rising over a circle of hills surrounding a plain, with a tall tower at its center. At the top of this tower stands a white-haired figure, and from the plain below come fell voices and the howls of wolves. The figure raises a staff, causing a bright flash. Suddenly, a [[Great Eagle|mighty eagle]] swoops across the moon and snatches the figure from the tower, bearing it away as the voices below turn into yammers. Frodo then hears the sound of hooves coming from the east, recognizing them as [[Black Riders]]. This wakes him up, and he lies in bed wondering whether he has the courage to go on with his quest.

Pippin sleeps pleasantly for a while, but then dreams that he's woken up to sounds of branches tapping and scratching at the walls and windows. He suddenly feels as though he's once again inside Old Man Willow, who laughs at his misery. He wakes up in a panic, quickly realizing that he's still in Tom Bombadil's house. As he tries to get back to sleep, he imagines hearing a soft voice repeating to him what Tom and Goldberry had said earlier, about putting fears away and heeding no nightly noises.

In Merry's dream, he begins to hear the sounds of running water. At first a trickle, the water quickly begins to pool around the house, to the point where Merry is sure that it will soon break through the windows and drown him. He springs out of bed to realize it was only a dream. As he lies back down, he too hears a faint voice repeating Goldberry's assurance that nothing can enter Tom's house except the light of the moon and the stars.

All four Hobbits wake up together in the morning, to find Tom Bombadil whistling and drawing the curtains. They get up, feeling refreshed despite their troubled sleep. Frodo and Pippin rush to the windows to check for traces of the things they had dreamed, finding only a soothing morning landscape. Tom seems to know that the Hobbits had had trouble sleeping that night, but bids them to forget and come eat breakfast.

The Hobbits have breakfast alone, without Tom and Goldberry. They see rain outside, realizing that they cannot continue their journey just yet, which comes as a relief to Frodo. From far away, they can faintly hear Goldberry singing a song about the rain.

Tom returns from outside, appearing strangely untouched by the rain. He tells the Hobbits that this is Goldberry's "washing day", and confirms that they can't go on in this weather. Instead, he bids them sit and talk. He begins by telling them marvelous stories about the natural world, occasionally singing, and even getting up and dancing.

Tom's stories include many references to Old Man Willow and the [[Old Forest]]. He describes the Forest as ancient, and explains that the trees there have dark hearts and a hatred for all walking beings. He says that Old Man Willow is particularly malicious, drawing power from the earth and spreading its influence over nearly all of the trees in the Old Forest.

Tom then tells the Hobbits about the history of the [[Barrow Downs]], describing the wars that took place there and the kings that were buried with their riches inside great mounds. He explains that an evil spirit came from far away and awakened their bones, which have haunted the barrows ever since. The Hobbits are terrified by this story, suddenly remembering the dangers that lurk just outside of Tom's comfortable house.

Tom finally begins speaking of truly ancient things, when only [[Elves]] roamed the lands of [[Middle-earth]], indicating that he is somewhat of an ancient entity himself. As he speaks, he starts nodding off, and it seems to the Hobbits that time itself is standing still. Frodo feels as though whole days are passing as he silently waits for Tom to wake up, though he feels neither hunger nor want. Finally, at night-time, he asks Tom who he is. Tom does not reply directly to the question, but claims that he was there to see the first rain drop, the Elves' arrival, and even the coming of [[Sauron]] from "Outside".

Goldberry appears, announcing that the rains have ended. Tom calls the Hobbits to yet another meal; he and Goldberry perform an elaborate and flawless dance as they set the table. The Hobbits notice that both Tom and Goldberry have changed their clothes, now wearing bright-blue and gleaming silver, respectively.

The Hobbits find themselves famished, and the meal is the best one they had eaten in Tom's house so far. After dinner, Goldberry sings fantastic songs about pools of water and skies full of stars, enchanting the Hobbits, before bidding them farewell once again.

It is now Tom's turn to ask the Hobbits many questions, though he already appears to know much about their lives, their families, and the history of [[The Shire]]. He chalks much of this knowledge up to conversations he's had with [[Farmer Maggot]].

{{quote|There's earth under his old feet, and clay on his fingers; wisdom in his bones, and both his eyes are open.|[[Tom Bombadil]], speaking about [[Farmer Maggot]]}}

Tom seems to have learned of Frodo's journey directly from [[Gildor Inglorion]]. Frodo finds himself opening up, telling Tom all about [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], and confiding about his own hopes and fears. When Frodo mentions the [[Black Riders]], Tom suddenly asks to see [[The One Ring]], which Frodo hands over to him without question.

Tom peers through the Ring, which seems to grow larger in his hands. He puts it on, and to the Hobbits' amazement, is wholly unaffected by it. He tosses the Ring into the air, and it disappears in a bright flash, greatly distressing Frodo; however Tom then hands the Ring back to Frodo as though nothing had happened. Suspicious that some slight-of-hand may have occurred, Frodo finds an opportunity to slip the Ring on his finger in order to test it. He is relieved to discover that he's turned invisible. However, Tom appears to see right through his invisibility, and bids him take off the Ring.

{{quote|Hey! Come Frodo, there! Where be you a-going? Old Tom Bombadil's not as blind as that yet. Take off your golden ring! Your hand's more fair without it.|[[Tom Bombadil]]}}

Tom advises the Hobbits to leave early the next morning in order to make good use of the coming sunny weather. He tells them not to go straight north from his house towards the [[East Road]], but instead to go through the Barrow Downs.{{refn|group=notes|The [[Wikipedia:Celtic_Britons|Celts]] believed traveling in an anticlockwise direction (''withershins'' or ''widdershins'') was unlucky. <ref>{{HM|RC}} p. 141</ref>}}

He reassures them that they will be safe so long as they avoid any barrow mounds and always pass them on the western side. For added safety, he also teaches them a rhyme to summon his help. The Hobbits repeat the rhyme to show that they'd learned it.

Tom takes the Hobbits back to their guest-room for one last night at his house.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=notes}}

{{references}}
[[Category:The Fellowship of the Ring chapters]]

In the House of Tom Bombadil

2024-07-25T02:30:58Z

Blu3r4d0n: added note about the meaning of Bombadil's advice on direction to travel

{{chapter
| image=Anke Eißmann - In the house of Tom Bombadil.jpg
| title=In the House of Tom Bombadil
| book=The Fellowship of the Ring
| number=7
| event=[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and company stay at the house of [[Tom Bombadil]].
| date=[[26 September|26]]-[[27 September]] {{TA|3018|n}}
| location=The [[Old Forest]]
| previous=The Old Forest
| next=Fog on the Barrow-downs
}}

'''In the House of Tom Bombadil''' is the seventh chapter of the first book in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.

In this chapter, the [[Hobbits]] eat supper and speak with [[Tom Bombadil]] and his wife [[Goldberry]] at their house. They sleep comfortably, though each Hobbit except [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] has nightmares. The next day, Tom speaks about [[Old Man Willow]] and then demonstrates that he is unaffected by [[The One Ring]]. Tom teaches the Hobbits a rhyme to summon his help, and they go to sleep again.

==Summary==

The [[Hobbits]] enter [[Tom Bombadil]]'s house to find a fair woman with flowing, golden hair sitting at the far end of the room, surrounded by pots of water containing white water-lilies. She leaps up gracefully and introduces herself as [[Goldberry]], inviting the Hobbits in to laugh and be merry. She closes the door behind them, bidding the Hobbits to leave their fears outside. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] recognizes her as a character in a song he'd once heard. Feeling as though under a powerful spell, he suddenly begins singing it.

{{quote|O slender as a willow-wand! O clearer than clear water! O reed by the living pool! Fair River-daughter! O spring-time and summer-time, and spring again after! O wind on the waterfall, and the leaves' laughter!|[[Frodo Baggins]]}}

Goldberry recognizes Frodo as an [[Elf-friend]]. She asks her guests to sit at the table as she gets it ready for supper. The Hobbits can hear Tom Bombadil outside, tending to their ponies. Frodo asks Goldberry who Tom Bombadil is.

{{quote|He is.|[[Goldberry]]}}

When Frodo presses the question, Goldberry elaborates that Tom is a "Master of wood, water, and hill", but adds that the land does not "belong" to him. She explains that Tom does not wish to own anything, nor fears anything.

Tom finally enters, now wearing a crown of autumn leaves. He leads the Hobbits into another room, where they find soft mattresses on the floor and four washing basins. After cleaning themselves, the Hobbits return to the main hall and dine with Tom and Goldberry. The dinner is quite merry, and the Hobbits discover to their surprise that it is easier for them to sing than to talk.

After the meal, the Hobbits are sat in comfortable chairs in front of the fireplace. Goldberry bids them a good night's sleep, promising that no danger can enter the house. Tom Bombadil sits with the Hobbits in silence. Frodo asks Tom whether he'd heard Frodo's call for help. Tom answers negatively, chalking their encounter up to chance - though he does add that he was expecting the Hobbits' arrival. He continues by singing a verse about his "errand" to collect water-lilies for Goldberry, which just so happened to lead him past the spot where the Hobbits were attacked by [[Old Man Willow]].

Frodo asks Tom to explain what Old Man Willow is, but [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] protest, refusing to hear of it until morning. Tom agrees with them. He leads the Hobbits to their guest-room, where they all fall asleep almost as soon as they lie down on their soft mattresses.

That night, each of the Hobbits has a strange nightmare, except for [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] who sleeps comfortably throughout.

In Frodo's dream, he sees the moon rising over a circle of hills surrounding a plain, with a tall tower at its center. At the top of this tower stands a white-haired figure, and from the plain below come fell voices and the howls of wolves. The figure raises a staff, causing a bright flash. Suddenly, a [[Great Eagle|mighty eagle]] swoops across the moon and snatches the figure from the tower, bearing it away as the voices below turn into yammers. Frodo then hears the sound of hooves coming from the east, recognizing them as [[Black Riders]]. This wakes him up, and he lies in bed wondering whether he has the courage to go on with his quest.

Pippin sleeps pleasantly for a while, but then dreams that he's woken up to sounds of branches tapping and scratching at the walls and windows. He suddenly feels as though he's once again inside Old Man Willow, who laughs at his misery. He wakes up in a panic, quickly realizing that he's still in Tom Bombadil's house. As he tries to get back to sleep, he imagines hearing a soft voice repeating to him what Tom and Goldberry had said earlier, about putting fears away and heeding no nightly noises.

In Merry's dream, he begins to hear the sounds of running water. At first a trickle, the water quickly begins to pool around the house, to the point where Merry is sure that it will soon break through the windows and drown him. He springs out of bed to realize it was only a dream. As he lies back down, he too hears a faint voice repeating Goldberry's assurance that nothing can enter Tom's house except the light of the moon and the stars.

All four Hobbits wake up together in the morning, to find Tom Bombadil whistling and drawing the curtains. They get up, feeling refreshed despite their troubled sleep. Frodo and Pippin rush to the windows to check for traces of the things they had dreamed, finding only a soothing morning landscape. Tom seems to know that the Hobbits had had trouble sleeping that night, but bids them to forget and come eat breakfast.

The Hobbits have breakfast alone, without Tom and Goldberry. They see rain outside, realizing that they cannot continue their journey just yet, which comes as a relief to Frodo. From far away, they can faintly hear Goldberry singing a song about the rain.

Tom returns from outside, appearing strangely untouched by the rain. He tells the Hobbits that this is Goldberry's "washing day", and confirms that they can't go on in this weather. Instead, he bids them sit and talk. He begins by telling them marvelous stories about the natural world, occasionally singing, and even getting up and dancing.

Tom's stories include many references to Old Man Willow and the [[Old Forest]]. He describes the Forest as ancient, and explains that the trees there have dark hearts and a hatred for all walking beings. He says that Old Man Willow is particularly malicious, drawing power from the earth and spreading its influence over nearly all of the trees in the Old Forest.

Tom then tells the Hobbits about the history of the [[Barrow Downs]], describing the wars that took place there and the kings that were buried with their riches inside great mounds. He explains that an evil spirit came from far away and awakened their bones, which have haunted the barrows ever since. The Hobbits are terrified by this story, suddenly remembering the dangers that lurk just outside of Tom's comfortable house.

Tom finally begins speaking of truly ancient things, when only [[Elves]] roamed the lands of [[Middle-earth]], indicating that he is somewhat of an ancient entity himself. As he speaks, he starts nodding off, and it seems to the Hobbits that time itself is standing still. Frodo feels as though whole days are passing as he silently waits for Tom to wake up, though he feels neither hunger nor want. Finally, at night-time, he asks Tom who he is. Tom does not reply directly to the question, but claims that he was there to see the first rain drop, the Elves' arrival, and even the coming of [[Sauron]] from "Outside".

Goldberry appears, announcing that the rains have ended. Tom calls the Hobbits to yet another meal; he and Goldberry perform an elaborate and flawless dance as they set the table. The Hobbits notice that both Tom and Goldberry have changed their clothes, now wearing bright-blue and gleaming silver, respectively.

The Hobbits find themselves famished, and the meal is the best one they had eaten in Tom's house so far. After dinner, Goldberry sings fantastic songs about pools of water and skies full of stars, enchanting the Hobbits, before bidding them farewell once again.

It is now Tom's turn to ask the Hobbits many questions, though he already appears to know much about their lives, their families, and the history of [[The Shire]]. He chalks much of this knowledge up to conversations he's had with [[Farmer Maggot]].

{{quote|There's earth under his old feet, and clay on his fingers; wisdom in his bones, and both his eyes are open.|[[Tom Bombadil]], speaking about [[Farmer Maggot]]}}

Tom seems to have learned of Frodo's journey directly from [[Gildor Inglorion]]. Frodo finds himself opening up, telling Tom all about [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], and confiding about his own hopes and fears. When Frodo mentions the [[Black Riders]], Tom suddenly asks to see [[The One Ring]], which Frodo hands over to him without question.

Tom peers through the Ring, which seems to grow larger in his hands. He puts it on, and to the Hobbits' amazement, is wholly unaffected by it. He tosses the Ring into the air, and it disappears in a bright flash, greatly distressing Frodo; however Tom then hands the Ring back to Frodo as though nothing had happened. Suspicious that some slight-of-hand may have occurred, Frodo finds an opportunity to slip the Ring on his finger in order to test it. He is relieved to discover that he's turned invisible. However, Tom appears to see right through his invisibility, and bids him take off the Ring.

{{quote|Hey! Come Frodo, there! Where be you a-going? Old Tom Bombadil's not as blind as that yet. Take off your golden ring! Your hand's more fair without it.|[[Tom Bombadil]]}}

Tom advises the Hobbits to leave early the next morning in order to make good use of the coming sunny weather. He tells them not to go straight north from his house towards the [[East Road]], but instead to go through the Barrow Downs.{{refn|group=notes|The [[Wikipedia:Celtic_Britons|Celts]] believed going in an anticlockwise direction (''withershins'' or ''widdershins'') was unlucky. <ref>{{HM|RC}} p. 141</ref>}}

He reassures them that they will be safe so long as they avoid any barrow mounds and always pass them on the western side. For added safety, he also teaches them a rhyme to summon his help. The Hobbits repeat the rhyme to show that they'd learned it.

Tom takes the Hobbits back to their guest-room for one last night at his house.

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=notes}}

{{references}}
[[Category:The Fellowship of the Ring chapters]]

Template:Reflist

2024-07-25T02:19:02Z

Blu3r4d0n: created from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Reflist

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{{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}|responsive={{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{colwidth|}}}|0|1}}}}</div>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using reflist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Reflist]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | colwidth | group | liststyle | refs }}

Module:Check for unknown parameters

2024-07-25T02:18:30Z

Blu3r4d0n: created from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters

-- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent
-- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is
-- not on the list
local p = {}

local function trim(s)
return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
end

local function isnotempty(s)
return s and s:match('%S')
end

local function clean(text)
-- Return text cleaned for display and truncated if too long.
-- Strip markers are replaced with dummy text representing the original wikitext.
local pos, truncated
local function truncate(text)
if truncated then
return ''
end
if mw.ustring.len(text) > 25 then
truncated = true
text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 25) .. '...'
end
return mw.text.nowiki(text)
end
local parts = {}
for before, tag, remainder in text:gmatch('([^\127]*)\127[^\127]*%-(%l+)%-[^\127]*\127()') do
pos = remainder
table.insert(parts, truncate(before) .. '<' .. tag .. '>...</' .. tag .. '>')
end
table.insert(parts, truncate(text:sub(pos or 1)))
return table.concat(parts)
end

function p._check(args, pargs)
if type(args) ~= "table" or type(pargs) ~= "table" then
-- TODO: error handling
return
end

-- create the list of known args, regular expressions, and the return string
local knownargs = {}
local regexps = {}
for k, v in pairs(args) do
if type(k) == 'number' then
v = trim(v)
knownargs[v] = 1
elseif k:find('^regexp[1-9][0-9]*$') then
table.insert(regexps, '^' .. v .. '$')
end
end

-- loop over the parent args, and make sure they are on the list
local ignoreblank = isnotempty(args['ignoreblank'])
local showblankpos = isnotempty(args['showblankpositional'])
local values = {}
for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
if type(k) == 'string' and knownargs[k] == nil then
local knownflag = false
for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
if mw.ustring.match(k, regexp) then
knownflag = true
break
end
end
if not knownflag and ( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) ) then
table.insert(values, clean(k))
end
elseif type(k) == 'number' and knownargs[tostring(k)] == nil then
local knownflag = false
for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
if mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), regexp) then
knownflag = true
break
end
end
if not knownflag and ( showblankpos or isnotempty(v) ) then
table.insert(values, k .. ' = ' .. clean(v))
end
end
end

-- add results to the output tables
local res = {}
if #values > 0 then
local unknown_text = args['unknown'] or 'Found _VALUE_, '

if mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( "{{REVISIONID}}" ) == "" then
local preview_text = args['preview']
if isnotempty(preview_text) then
preview_text = require('Module:If preview')._warning({preview_text})
elseif preview == nil then
preview_text = unknown_text
end
unknown_text = preview_text
end
for _, v in pairs(values) do
-- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string and
-- breaks category links
if v == '' then v = ' ' end

-- avoid error with v = 'example%2' ("invalid capture index")
local r = unknown_text:gsub('_VALUE_', {_VALUE_ = v})
table.insert(res, r)
end
end

return table.concat(res)
end

function p.check(frame)
local args = frame.args
local pargs = frame:getParent().args
return p._check(args, pargs)
end

return p

Template:Reflist/styles.css

2024-07-25T02:16:18Z

Blu3r4d0n: created from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist/styles.css

/* {{pp|small=yes}} */
/* can we remove the font size declarations? .references gets a font-size in
* common.css that is always 90, and there is nothing else in reflist out in
* the wild. May affect column sizes.
*/
.reflist {
font-size: 90%; /* Default font-size */
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
list-style-type: decimal;
}

.reflist .references {
font-size: 100%; /* Reset font-size when nested in div.reflist */
margin-bottom: 0; /* Avoid double margin when nested in div.reflist */
list-style-type: inherit; /* Enable custom list style types */
}

/* columns-2 and columns-3 are legacy for "2 or more" column view from when the
* template was implemented with column-count.
*/
.reflist-columns-2 {
column-width: 30em;
}

.reflist-columns-3 {
column-width: 25em;
}

/* Reset top margin for lists embedded in columns */
.reflist-columns {
margin-top: 0.3em;
}

.reflist-columns ol {
margin-top: 0;
}

/* Avoid elements breaking between columns */
.reflist-columns li {
page-break-inside: avoid; /* Removed from CSS in favor of break-inside c. 2020 */
break-inside: avoid-column;
}

.reflist-upper-alpha {
list-style-type: upper-alpha;
}

.reflist-upper-roman {
list-style-type: upper-roman;
}

.reflist-lower-alpha {
list-style-type: lower-alpha;
}

.reflist-lower-greek {
list-style-type: lower-greek;
}

.reflist-lower-roman {
list-style-type: lower-roman;
}

Template:Refn

2024-07-25T02:09:17Z

Blu3r4d0n: created refn template, see https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Refn for authors

<includeonly>{{#if:{{{follow|}}}|{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{refn|}}}}}}|group={{{group|}}}|follow={{{follow|}}}}}|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{refn|}}}}}}|name={{{name|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}|{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{refn|}}}}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}}}}}</includeonly>

User:Blu3r4d0n/todo

2024-07-24T20:24:47Z

Blu3r4d0n: Close paren

This is a list of tasks that I plan to do at some point.
*add info about alternate placement of Frodo's dream in [[A Conspiracy Unmasked]] from Hammond/Scull Reader's Companion p. 120. (also see [[The Treason of Isengard]] p 36)

User:Blu3r4d0n/todo

2024-07-24T20:24:22Z

Blu3r4d0n: Created page with "This is a list of tasks that I plan to do at some point. * add info about alternate placement of Frodo's dream in A Conspiracy Unmasked from Hammond/Scull Reader's Companion p. 120. (also see The Treason of Isengard p 36"

This is a list of tasks that I plan to do at some point.
* add info about alternate placement of Frodo's dream in [[A Conspiracy Unmasked]] from Hammond/Scull Reader's Companion p. 120. (also see [[The Treason of Isengard]] p 36

Glip

2024-07-22T05:03:01Z

Blu3r4d0n: add Anderson name as editor to citation

'''Glip''' is a poem written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] in his series [[Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay]]. The original poem was reprinted in [[Douglas A. Anderson]]'s ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]: Revised and Expanded Edition''. Anderson claims that the poem is an antecedent to [[Gollum]].<ref>{{HM|RC}} p. 37</ref><ref>''[[Douglas A. Anderson]] (ed), [[The Annotated Hobbit]]'', 2nd end., p. 119</ref>

==See also==
*[[Index:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
*[[Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glip}}
[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[fi:Glip]]

<references />

Glip

2024-07-22T04:59:53Z

Blu3r4d0n: added info about Anderson's claim of the poem being an antecedent to Gollum

'''Glip''' is a poem written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] in his series [[Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay]]. The original poem was reprinted in [[Douglas A. Anderson]]'s ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]: Revised and Expanded Edition''. Anderson claims that the poem is an antecedent to [[Gollum]].<ref>{{HM|RC}} p. 37</ref><ref>''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'', 2nd end., p. 119</ref>

==See also==
*[[Index:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
*[[Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glip}}
[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[fi:Glip]]

White Towers

2024-07-22T02:29:42Z

Blu3r4d0n: add info about alternate version of legendarium

{{location infobox
| name=White Towers
| image=Ted Nasmith - The End of the Age.jpg
| caption="The End of the Age" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Western [[Eriador]], in the [[Tower Hills]]
| type=Towers
| description=Three great white towers where one of the [[Palantíri]] was posted
| regions=
| towns=[[Undertowers]]<ref name="App|Later">{{App|Later}}</ref>
| inhabitants=[[Elves of Lindon]]
| created=After {{SA|3320}}<ref group=note>The towers were said to have been built by [[Gil-galad]] for his friend [[Elendil]]. The tallest of these, [[Elostirion]], was built to hold one of the [[palantíri]] of the [[North-kingdom]]. They must therefore have been raised after Elendil and his sons had settled in [[Middle-earth]], and after the division of the Seeing-stones had been agreed upon, so S.A. 3320 is the earliest possible date.</ref>
| destroyed=
| events=
| gallery=the White Towers
}}
The '''White Towers''' were three tall towers located in the [[Tower Hills|Emyn Beraid]] west of [[the Shire]]. The westernmost tower, called [[Elostirion]],<ref>{{UT|Palantiri}}, note 2</ref> had a ''[[Elostirion-stone|palantír]]'' which looked ever westward towards [[Valinor]].<ref>{{UT|Palantiri}}, note 16</ref> The [[Shire-hobbits]] could see them shining far off in the moonlight; they said that from the top of Elostirion one could view the [[Belegaer|Sea]].<ref name=hobbits>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref>

==History==
The White Towers were built on the [[Tower Hills|Emyn Beraid]] by [[Gil-galad]] as a gift to [[Elendil]],<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> perhaps after the founding of [[Arnor]] ({{SA|3320}}<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>).

They were sometimes the destination of pilgrimage by [[Wandering Companies]] of [[Elves]] who would gaze to [[Valinor]] through the ''palantír''. Such a band, led by [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]], met [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] in the [[Woody End]] of the Shire on [[24 September]] {{TA|3018}}.<ref>{{FR|I3}}</ref>

With time, the [[Shire-hobbits]] grew estranged from the Elves and the concept of the Sea became a word of terror and death, and they avoided looking upon the towers on the west.<ref name=hobbits/>

In [[September]] {{TA|3021|n}}<ref name="App|Later">{{App|Later}}</ref> the [[Last Riding of the Keepers|Last Riding of the Keepers of the Rings]], including Frodo and Sam, passed the White Towers on their way to the [[Grey Havens]].<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the [[Unfinished index]], the White Towers were reputed to have been built by the elves but they were actually built by Elendil. <ref name="RC1">{{HM|RC}}, p. 28</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:War in Middle Earth - The White Towers.png|thumb|left|The White Towers in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'']]
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:The White Towers can be seen at the background of the Towers Hills map.
 
==Notes==
{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Towers]]

Tower Hills

2024-07-22T02:27:44Z

Blu3r4d0n: /* Other versions of the legendarium */ fixed wording

{{location infobox
| name=Tower Hills
| image=Ted Nasmith - The White Towers.jpg
| caption="The White Towers" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Emyn Beraid'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| location=[[Westmarch]], south-east of the [[Grey Havens]]
| type=Hills
| description=A range of hills where the [[White Towers]] were built
| regions=
| towns=[[Undertowers]]<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]] formerly: [[Elves]] and [[Men]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
| gallery=the Tower Hills
}}

The '''Tower Hills''' ([[Sindarin|Sind.]] ''Emyn Beraid'') were a range of hills at the [[Westmarch|west end]] of [[Eriador]]. They lay east of [[Grey Havens|Mithlond]], the Grey Havens of [[Lindon]], and west of the [[Far Downs]], of old the border of [[the Shire]].

High upon the Tower Hills stood three tall [[Elves|Elven]] towers, the [[White Towers]], the highest of which was called ''[[Elostirion]]'', which held a ''[[Palantíri|Palantír]]'',<ref>{{UT|Palantiri}}, Note 2</ref> before Cirdan removed it to the [[White Ship]].

==History==
Although [[Gil-galad]]'s kingdom did not have clear bounds south of the [[Lune]], the [[Elves of Lindon]] maintained an outpost there.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

In {{SA|600}}, when the first ship of the [[Númenóreans]] sailed up the [[Gulf of Lune]] there was a meeting between the men from the sea and their [[Middle Men|distant kinsmen]] in the Hills.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref>

The White Towers upon the Tower Hills were built before the end of the [[Second Age]] by [[Gil-galad]] for his friend [[Elendil]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

During the [[Third Age]], [[Wandering Companies|bands of Elves]] would go in pilgrimage to Elostirion in order to have a glimpse of the West through the [[Elostirion-stone]].<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref> The Stone remained in its tower until the end of the Age; it was then taken back into the West.<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref>

In {{FoA|31}}, the [[Westmarch]] was added to [[the Shire]], making the Tower Hills the new western border of the land. Three years later [[Thain]] [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin I]] made [[Fastred of Greenholm]] the first Warden of Westmarch. He and his wife [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]], daughter of [[Samwise Gamgee]], moved to the Tower Hills and founded the town of [[Undertowers]] on the eastern slopes.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Emyn Beraid'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Tower Hills", from ''[[amon|emyn]]'' ("hills") and ''[[barad|beraid]]'' ("towers").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''amon'' and ''barad''</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the [[Unfinished index]], the towers on the Hills were reputed to have been built by the elves but they were actually built by Elendil. <ref name="RC1">{{HM|RC}}, p. 28</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:War in Middle Earth - The White Towers.png|thumb|left|A screenshot from ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'']]
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:The Towers Hills are one of the battlegrounds in this game. The [[White Towers]] can be seen at the background of the map.

{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Hills]]
[[de:Emyn Beraid]]
[[fi:Tornikukkulat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/eriador/collines des tours]]

Tower Hills

2024-07-22T02:26:26Z

Blu3r4d0n: added other version of legendarium where the tower hills were built by Elendil not Gil-galad per the Unfinished index via Hammand/Scull Reader's Companion

{{location infobox
| name=Tower Hills
| image=Ted Nasmith - The White Towers.jpg
| caption="The White Towers" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Emyn Beraid'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| location=[[Westmarch]], south-east of the [[Grey Havens]]
| type=Hills
| description=A range of hills where the [[White Towers]] were built
| regions=
| towns=[[Undertowers]]<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]] formerly: [[Elves]] and [[Men]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
| gallery=the Tower Hills
}}

The '''Tower Hills''' ([[Sindarin|Sind.]] ''Emyn Beraid'') were a range of hills at the [[Westmarch|west end]] of [[Eriador]]. They lay east of [[Grey Havens|Mithlond]], the Grey Havens of [[Lindon]], and west of the [[Far Downs]], of old the border of [[the Shire]].

High upon the Tower Hills stood three tall [[Elves|Elven]] towers, the [[White Towers]], the highest of which was called ''[[Elostirion]]'', which held a ''[[Palantíri|Palantír]]'',<ref>{{UT|Palantiri}}, Note 2</ref> before Cirdan removed it to the [[White Ship]].

==History==
Although [[Gil-galad]]'s kingdom did not have clear bounds south of the [[Lune]], the [[Elves of Lindon]] maintained an outpost there.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

In {{SA|600}}, when the first ship of the [[Númenóreans]] sailed up the [[Gulf of Lune]] there was a meeting between the men from the sea and their [[Middle Men|distant kinsmen]] in the Hills.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref>

The White Towers upon the Tower Hills were built before the end of the [[Second Age]] by [[Gil-galad]] for his friend [[Elendil]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

During the [[Third Age]], [[Wandering Companies|bands of Elves]] would go in pilgrimage to Elostirion in order to have a glimpse of the West through the [[Elostirion-stone]].<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref> The Stone remained in its tower until the end of the Age; it was then taken back into the West.<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref>

In {{FoA|31}}, the [[Westmarch]] was added to [[the Shire]], making the Tower Hills the new western border of the land. Three years later [[Thain]] [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin I]] made [[Fastred of Greenholm]] the first Warden of Westmarch. He and his wife [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]], daughter of [[Samwise Gamgee]], moved to the Tower Hills and founded the town of [[Undertowers]] on the eastern slopes.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Emyn Beraid'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Tower Hills", from ''[[amon|emyn]]'' ("hills") and ''[[barad|beraid]]'' ("towers").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''amon'' and ''barad''</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In the [[Unfinished index]], the Tower Hills were reputed to have been built by the elves but they were actually built by Elendil. <ref name="RC1">{{HM|RC}}, p. 28</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:War in Middle Earth - The White Towers.png|thumb|left|A screenshot from ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'']]
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:The Towers Hills are one of the battlegrounds in this game. The [[White Towers]] can be seen at the background of the map.

{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Hills]]
[[de:Emyn Beraid]]
[[fi:Tornikukkulat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/eriador/collines des tours]]

Letter 293b

2024-07-21T02:07:52Z

Blu3r4d0n: remove quotes

{{letter infobox
| #=293b
| to=[[Wikipedia:R._B._McCallum|R. B. McCallum]]
| date=[[11 January]] [[1967]]
| subject=A remark from Tolkien about the essence of an intellectual
}}{{letterExtended|293b}}
==Summary==
McCallum believed Tolkien made the below remark.
{{blockquote| The essence of being an intellectual in the true as opposed to the vulgar sense of the word was that an intellectual is a man who whatever strong beliefs he may have is not “shocked” by being told of any idea or practice. He may object, reprobate, repel but if he really is an intellectual he should not be shocked into being unable to think or learn about the matter.}}
Tolkien did not remember making the remark but said he agreed with it and would not mind it being attributed to him.
{{letters}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Letter 293b}}

Letter 293b

2024-07-21T02:07:31Z

Blu3r4d0n: created letter 293b

{{letter infobox
| #=293b
| to=[[Wikipedia:R._B._McCallum|R. B. McCallum]]
| date=[[11 January]] [[1967]]
| subject=A remark from Tolkien about the essence of an intellectual
}}{{letterExtended|293b}}
==Summary==
McCallum believed Tolkien made the below remark.
{{blockquote| ‘The essence of being an intellectual in the true as opposed to the vulgar sense of the word was that an intellectual is a man who whatever strong beliefs he may have is not “shocked” by being told of any idea or practice. He may object, reprobate, repel but if he really is an intellectual he should not be shocked into being unable to think or learn about the matter.’}}
Tolkien did not remember making the remark but said he agreed with it and would not mind it being attributed to him.
{{letters}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Letter 293b}}

Category:Unsent letters

2024-07-21T01:57:46Z

Blu3r4d0n: created category for unsent letters

Unsent letters from [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

Letter 329

2024-07-21T01:55:49Z

Blu3r4d0n: added to unsent letters category

{{letter infobox
| #=329
| to=Peter Szabó Szentmihályi (draft)
| date=[[1971#October|October]] [[1971]]
| subject=Tolkien's list of three objectionable literary criticisms
}}{{Letter|329}}
==Summary==
Tolkien stated that he had no time to provide bibliographical material, but wanted to make three points:

First, one of his strongest opinions was that investigating an author's biography was a vain and false approach to his works, especially for narrative art. He wrote to be enjoyed. Some readers liked to criticize or analyze works, which they were free to do as long as they actually attentively ''read'' the work first. Tolkien did not sympathize with this attitude, quoting [[Gandalf]]: "He that breaks a thing to find out what it is has left the path of wisdom."<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

Second, Tolkien was not interested in serial literary history or the history of the English "novel". His work was an "heroic romance", an older and quite different variety of literature.

Third, he said that labeling writers is an inept procedure and a childish amusement of small minds. It was deadening, overemphasizing commonalities of a group of writers while ignoring was was unclassifiable and individual about each. He could not understand how he could be labeled "a believer in moral didacticism" since it was the exact opposite of his procedure in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.
{{references}}
{{letters}}
[[de:Brief 329]]
[[Category:Unsent letters]]

Letter 328

2024-07-21T01:55:26Z

Blu3r4d0n: added to unsent letters category

{{letter infobox
| #=328
| to=Carole Batten-Phelps (draft)
| date=Autumn [[1971]]
| subject=The success of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', inspiration
}}{{Letter|328}}
==Summary==
Tolkien regretted that Miss Batten-Phelps' letter had been delayed as well as his delayed answer. He was harassed by business and in constant anxiety about his wife's failing health.

Tolkien was interested in her references to M.R. Ridley, whom Tolkien had known well at Oxford. Her letter let Tolkien know that his old colleague had termed his works "literature", which had gained intelligent and well-equipped readers. Tolkien said that the horrors of the American scene had given him great distress and labour. Americans had an entirely different mental climate and soil, polluted and impoverished to a degree only paralleled by the lunatic destruction of the physical lands of America.

Tolkien was grateful for her remarks on the critics and for her personal delight in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Her high praise was such that a mere "thank you" would seem conceited, though actually it made him wonder how he had achieved such an effect. Written slowly and carefully, it emerged as a Frameless Picture on a brief episode in History, surrounded by the glimmer of limitless extension in time and space. This may explain why so many people found it readable, but did not fully explain what had happened. It was as if an ever darkening sky had been pierced by almost forgotten sunlight.

A few years ago a man whose name he had forgotten visited him. He thought that many old pictures seemed to have been designed to illustrate The Lord of the Rings and brought some reproductions. He wanted to discover if Tolkien's imagination had fed on pictures, as it had by certain kinds of literature and language. Finding that Tolkien had not seen the pictures before and was poorly acquainted with pictorial Art he had looked fixedly at Tolkien and said, "Of course you don’t suppose, do you, that you wrote all that book yourself?" Pure [[Gandalf]]! Ever since Tolkien said he was unable to suppose so. It was an alarming conclusion for what had been a private amusement.

Miss Batten-Phelps had spoken of "a sanity and sanctity" in ''The Lord of the Rings'' which deeply moved Tolkien. No one had said this before, but as he began this letter another had arrived from a man who said he had created "a world in which some sort of faith seems to be everywhere without a visible source, like light from an invisible lamp." No man can judge his own sanity but if sanctity inhabits one's work then it came not from him but through him.

''The Lord of the Rings'' no longer belonged to him, said Tolkien, he now took a deep interest in its fortunes, as a parent would of a child. He was comforted that it had good friends to defend it.
{{letters}}
[[de:Brief 328]]
[[Category:Unsent letters]]

Letter 297

2024-07-21T01:55:00Z

Blu3r4d0n: added to unsent letters category

{{letter infobox
| #=297
| to=Mr. Rang
| date=[[1967#August|August]] [[1967]]
| subject=Nomenclature
}}{{letter|297}}
==Summary==
A Mr. Rang seems to have written this letter after [[John Ryan|J.S. Ryan]] published "German Mythology Applied", and asked several questions about the names in Tolkien's book. Tolkien wrote a lengthy reply, but this letter was never sent.

Tolkien told Mr. Rang that names and onomastics were a personal amusement of his, and in no way connected to real-world languages. He mentioned ''[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings|Nomenclature]]'', his notes prepared for translators, and then discussed specific queries and guesses by Rang.
* [[Iris|Gladden]] (the flower): Identified as ''[[wikipedia:Iris pseudacorus|Iris pseudocorus]]'', rather than the usual ''[[wikipedia:Iris foetidissima|Iris foetidissima]]''.
* [[Gimli#Etymology|Gimli]]: Rang connected it to a Anglo-saxon word that was not mentioned in the letter. Gimli's name comes from a poetic Old Norse word, ''gimm'', presumably meaning "fire".
* [[Legolas]]: Rang had guessed "Fiery locks", to which Tolkien replied: "he was not a [[Balrogs|Balrog]]!". Legolas, as translated in the text, means Greenleaf.
* [[Rohan]]: Rang found Old Norse ''rann'', "house". Tolkien wrote that his origin was inappropriate for a people that were (partly) still nomadic horsebreeders. Rohan was [[Sindarin]], meaning "Horse-land".
* [[Nazgûl|Nazgul]] ''(sic)'': This too was connected to an Anglo-saxon word according to Rang, ''gael-naes''. Tolkien had never heard of that compound, and stated there was no conceivable reason to conflate [[Black Speech]] and Anglo-saxon.
* [[Moria]]: Rang connected it to the biblical mountain range of [[wikipedia:Moriah|Moriah]]. Tolkien saw no connection between the mining of the [[Dwarves]] and the story of Abraham. 

After this "setting straight", Tolkien listed the external influences in names that were true. Dwarf names came from ''[[Völuspá]]''. Rohan was, in name only, influenced by the Normandic family [[wikipedia:Rohan (family)|Rohan]].
* ''[[Dor]]'', "land", had closer connections to [[wikipedia:Labrador|Labrador]] than to biblical [[wikipedia:Endor (village)|Endor]]. Moria was chosen because Tolkien liked the ring of [[wikipedia:Soria Moria Castle|Soria Moria castle]].

Then, Tolkien mentioned a case where he was not aware of the "borrowing". For ''[[Nazg]]'', Tolkien was not aware that there was a Gaelic word ''nasc'', meaning "ring".

The only true borrowing was [[Eärendil]], from an Anglo-saxon name ''[[wikipedia:Aurvandil|Aurvandil]]''. Both signify the Morning Star, Venus. As ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was not yet published at the time, Tolkien wrote briefly about the story of Ëarendil.

A text note mentioned the text ended with a discussion of Númenórean religion, which was, unfortunately, omitted.
{{letters}}
[[de:Brief 297]]
[[Category:Unsent letters]]