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The Drúedain

2025-08-26T23:39:31Z

Brahm.zhao: Added a small section of the synopsis.

{{incomplete}}{{Disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|race of men|''[[Drúedain]]''}}{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Drúedain''' is a chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]], a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. It is in its entirety an excerpt from a much longer unfinished essay titled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'', the rest of which was published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''.

==Synopsis==
The essay speaks about the [[Drúedain]], little-appearing in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. It explores their history during the [[First Age]] being a part of the [[House of Haleth|Second House]] of [[Men]], and later their temporary presence on [[Númenor]] and then their staying in [[Andrast]].

It is mentioned about their being confused with [[Orcs]] and the [[Rohirrim]] hunting and killing them in their ignorance.

There is a mention of their peculiar "[[magic]]" abilities and customs, exemplified in the First Age story ''[[The Faithful Stone]]''.

Among the [[Atani]], the [[Folk of Haleth]] were the strangest. They kept to themselves, and had their own language. Among the Folk of Haleth, a small group of people named the Druedain were even stranger.

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Druedain, The}}

[[Category:Drúedain]]
[[fi:Drúedain (KTK)]]

The Istari

2025-08-15T15:54:35Z

Brahm.zhao: Labled a synopsis section

{{Disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|Istari (Wizards)|''[[Wizards]]''}}{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Istari''' is a chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]], a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]].

== Synopsis ==
In the section is described the background of the five wizards:
*[[Blue Wizards|Alatar]]
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Saruman]]
*[[Blue Wizards|Pallando]]
*[[Radagast]]

The main focus however is on Gandalf and Saruman and specifically their names in the various languages of Middle-earth.

It is important to note that the section is a composition of various manuscripts and printed texts from [[The Silmarillion]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] with comments by [[Christopher Tolkien]] rather than a singular document. In the notes some information on [[Queen Berúthiel]] is also disclosed. There is also a [[wilt thou learn the lore|poem]] about [[Dagor Dagorath]].

[[fi:Istari (KTK)]]

The Battles of the Fords of Isen

2025-08-12T00:45:21Z

Brahm.zhao: Spelling

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Battles of the Fords of Isen''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter is an account of the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen|first]] and [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second]] attacks on the critical crossing of the River [[Isen]] during which [[Théoden|King Théoden's]] son, [[Théodred]] was slain, paving the way to the [[Battle of the Hornburg|assault]] on the [[Hornburg]], the stronghold of [[Rohan]].

==Synposis==
The main obstacles to [[Saruman|Saruman’s]] conquest over Rohan were Théodred and [[Éomer]]. Because of this, in the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]], Saruman made sure that Théodred would die. Théodred took his riders to meet Saruman’s forces at the [[Fords of Isen|Fords]], but was slowed by ambushes from the enemy. When Théodred arrived at the Fords, he set [[Grimbold]] in charge of fifty men on the west bank, and the rest on the east bank. He positioned his own company on the small island on the water.

Saruman’s eastern forces came with unexpected speed and ferocity, made up of [[Dunlendings|Dunlending]] horsemen and [[Wolf-riders|Orcish wolfriders]]. As the eastern side was being overtaken, Grimbold was being attacked on his side, and the enemy was closing in on Théodred from both sides. Grimbold came to his aid too late, and Théodred fell at his side. When it seemed they were done for, a great host led by [[Elfhelm]] drove off the enemy.

[[Erkenbrand]] assumed command of the [[West-mark]], and in anticipation for a [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second battle]], asked Théoden for reinforcements. This was denied due to the advice of [[Gríma]]. Erkenbrand gave field command to Grimbold, who coordinated with Elfhelm to protect the Fords. Grimbold protected the west bank, while Elfhelm waited farther on the east side. Saruman’s troops attacked on [[2 March]], forcing Grimbold across the Isen. In the night, Grimbold’s forces were scattered, and Elfhelm was fighting the rest of Saruman’s army from Isengard. In the late afternoon of [[3 March]], Grimbold met [[Gandalf]], and followed his advice to join Elfhelm in the south.

Here, the text is abruptly cut off.

===Appendix===
The Appendix of the chapter details the military ranks of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Marshals of the Mark were the three lieutenants of the [[King of Rohan|King]]. Théoden had no [[First Marshal of the Riddermark|First Marshal]], and would command the [[Muster of Edoras]] himself. When Éomer became King, he replaced these three positions with the [[Marshal of the West-mark]] and the [[Marshal of the East-mark]].

Also included is a discussion of the importance of the [[Fords of Isen]] and the time when [[Dunlendings]] occupied Isengard.
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[fi:Taistelut Rautkymin Kahlaamolla (KTK)]]

The Battles of the Fords of Isen

2025-08-12T00:43:32Z

Brahm.zhao: Finished the synopsis of the Appendix, and removed the Incomplete tag.

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Battles of the Fords of Isen''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter is an account of the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen|first]] and [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second]] attacks on the critical crossing of the River [[Isen]] during which [[Théoden|King Théoden's]] son, [[Théodred]] was slain, paving the way to the [[Battle of the Hornburg|assault]] on the [[Hornburg]], the stronghold of [[Rohan]].

==Synposis==
The main obstacles to [[Saruman|Saruman’s]] conquest over Rohan were Théodred and [[Éomer]]. Because of this, in the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]], Saruman made sure that Théodred would die. Théodred took his riders to meet Saruman’s forces at the [[Fords of Isen|Fords]], but was slowed by ambushes from the enemy. When Théodred arrived at the Fords, he set [[Grimbold]] in charge of fifty men on the west bank, and the rest on the east bank. He positioned his own company on the small island on the water.

Saruman’s eastern forces came with unexpected speed and ferocity, made up of [[Dunlendings|Dunlending]] horsemen and [[Wolf-riders|Orcish wolfriders]]. As the eastern side was being overtaken, Grimbold was being attacked on his side, and the enemy was closing in on Théodred from both sides. Grimbold came to his aid too late, and Théodred fell at his side. When it seemed they were done for, a great host led by [[Elfhelm]] drove off the enemy.

[[Erkenbrand]] assumed command of the [[West-mark]], and in anticipation for a [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second battle]], asked Théoden for reinforcements. This was denied due to the advice of [[Gríma]]. Erkenbrand gave field command to Grimbold, who coordinated with Elfhelm to protect the Fords. Grimbold protected the west bank, while Elfhelm waited farther on the east side. Saruman’s troops attacked on [[2 March]], forcing Grimbold across the Isen. In the night, Grimbold’s forces were scattered, and Elfhelm was fighting the rest of Saruman’s army from Isengard. In the late afternoon of [[3 March]], Grimbold met [[Gandalf]], and followed his advice to join Elfhelm in the south.

Here, the text is abruptly cut off.

===Appendix===
The Appendix of the chapter details the military ranks of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Marshals of the Mark were the three lieutenants of the [[King of Rohan|King]]. Théoden had no [[First Marshal of the Riddermark|First Marshal]], and would command the [[Muster of Edoras]] himself. When Éomer became King, he replaced thiese three positions with the [[Marshal of the West-mark]] and the [[Marshal of the East-mark]].

Also included is a discussion of the importance of the [[Fords of Isen]] and when [[Dunlendings]] occupied Isengard
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[fi:Taistelut Rautkymin Kahlaamolla (KTK)]]

The Quest of Erebor

2025-08-11T02:44:16Z

Brahm.zhao: Added a short synopsis of the Appendix.

{{disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|actual quest|''[[Quest of Erebor]]''}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Quest of Erebor''' is a writing by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] posthumously published by [[Christopher Tolkien]] in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and also in two other places (see below "Textual history" section). This work explains how and why [[Gandalf]] arranged for the retaking of the [[Lonely Mountain]] (''Erebor'' in [[Sindarin]]), an adventure recounted from the perspective of [[Bilbo Baggins]] some time before in the adventures ''[[The Hobbit]]''.

==Background==
'''The Quest of Erebor''' (as well as [[The Hunt for the Ring]]) was originally written between [[1954]]-[[1955]] to be a part of the [[Appendices]] to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' but Tolkien was forced to omit them for lack of space,<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xxxiv</ref> and only a very abridged version of the tale occurred in the Appendices. The work is written in the first person, from the perspective of [[Frodo Baggins]], however nearly all the text consists of narration by Gandalf, who was telling the story at the request of Frodo in [[Minas Tirith]] after the coronation of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]].

==Synopsis==
[[File:Alan Lee - A Chance Meeting.jpg|thumb|right|''A chance meeting'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Gandalf knew that [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] could pose a serious threat if used by [[Sauron]], then dwelling in [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]]. He was thinking about the matter when he met [[Thorin]] at [[Bree]]. Thorin also was concerned about Smaug, but had the different motive of revenge and the reclaiming of the [[Dwarves]]' treasure in the Lonely Mountain. Gandalf agreed to help Thorin.

Gandalf thought Bilbo, an unlikely choice, to be a suitable companion of Thorin and his Dwarves for a number of reasons. First, he had observed that Bilbo took an interest in the world at large, and was thus adventurous. Another reason is that Smaug would not recognize the scent of a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], advantageous to a stealthy operation. Thorin also did not think highly of Hobbits, and putting Bilbo in the expedition might prevent the proud Thorin from rash actions — such as openly challenging Smaug.

It was Thorin's objections to Bilbo that Gandalf found most difficult to overcome. Thorin believed that Bilbo was incapable of helping their adventure and that Gandalf might be simply meddling in his affairs for his own reasons. After much debate, Gandalf convinced Thorin that Bilbo would be a worthy member.

=== Appendix ===
There is an Appendix to this chapter that explores the differences between the four versions of the text, giving short experts of alternate versions to the one given in full.

==Textual history==
This text exists in four versions, in the order of the composition dates:

''(A).'' The earliest version, published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' (1996).

''(B).'' A version "much rewritten if not essentially changed" from ''(A)''.<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

''(C).'' A version that, compares to ''(B)'', has "a great deal of further alteration, though mostly of a very minor kind".<ref>{{UT|9a}}</ref> This is published fully in ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'' 2nd edition (2002).

''(D).'' The latest, but much "compressed" version. This is published in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' (1980).

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quest of Erebor}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/l expedition d erebor]]
[[fi:Ereborin-retki (KTK)]]

The Disaster of the Gladden Fields

2025-08-11T02:40:59Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Disaster of the Gladden Fields''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. According to Christopher Tolkien, this is a 'late' narrative of the [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Professor]] written after the publication of [[The Lord of the Rings]] and in the same time frame of narratives such as [[Cirion and Eorl]], [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]], [[the Drúedain]], and the philological essays cited in [[The History of Galadriel and Celeborn]].

This work is divided into two parts. The first part narrates the events that took place in {{TA|2}} up to the slaying of [[Isildur]] as a legend. The second part of the narration, titled ''The sources of the legend of Isildur's death'', gives an account of the origin of the legend as surmises surrounding Isildur's death such as finding of [[Star of Elendil|Elendilmir]] after [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] came to the crown of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].

==Synopsis==
The story begins with Isildur taking up Elendilmir and declaring his sovereignty over Arnor and Gondor. He had spent a year in Gondor after the [[War of the Last Alliance]] to restore its order and define its bounds. Hence, he was eager to see his wife and his youngest son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] who were at [[Rivendell]] in Elrond's care. He also had a need for a counsel with [[Elrond]]. [[Meneldil]], Isildur's nephew, bade him farewell at the East Gate of the Bridge and Isildur and his company of two hundred war-hardened [[Dúnedain]] along with his three elder sons [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], and [[Ciryon]] made their march to Rivendell through the east side of [[Anduin]].

They were attacked by a host of [[orcs]] on the thirtieth day of their journey, when they were a four days' march from [[Thranduil]]'s realm at the northern borders of [[Gladden Fields]]. Before the first attack began, Isildur ordered his esquire [[Ohtar]] to take the shards of [[Narsil]] and flee along with one other man to Rivendell. Isildur and his men successfully broke the first onslaught, and it seemed to the defenders that their enemy withdrew to the forest. Isildur ordered his men to march forward but even before they had gone a mile the Orcs moved again and gradually surrounded them in a ring, although still staying out of range of the dreaded steel bows of [[Númenor]].

Elendur, who was in his fathers's counsel, asked Isildur whether he could use [[the One Ring]] against their enemy. But Isildur, whose pride had fallen, dreaded the pain of touching the Ring and wished to give the ring to the [[Keepers of the Three Rings|Keepers of the Three]]. Even as they were taking counsel, the second onslaught began with a blast of a horn. Ciryon was slain and Aratan was mortally wounded when he attempted to rescue his brother. When defeat was imminent, Elendur returned to Isildur, and as his last counselor, ordered his father to flee from the battle with the Ring and to take it to the Keepers.

Isildur put on the Ring with a great cry of pain, but Elendilmir of the West blazed forth. Hence Isildur had to pull a hood over his head to vanish. Elendur, who was most like his grandsire [[Elendil]], perished in the battle.

Isildur ran a great distance and reached the banks of the [[Anduin|Great River]], where he shed all his armor, and with just a single short sword in his belt plunged into the river. Even as he swam, the current swept him towards the tangles of the Gladden Fields where the Ring betrayed him. Sudden despair came to him and he would have drowned himself, but the mood passed him as if a great burden had been taken away. He got out of the water, but was shot through the heart and throat with poison arrows by the lurking orc archers on the west bank. He fell back to the water without a single cry, with Elendilmir still on his brow. His body was never found by men or elves.

For more details on the battle see ''[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. ''

===The sources of the legend of Isildur's death===
Tolkien also explores the possibility of how the above events became known to the historians of Gondor, since everyone was killed.

There were three eye witnesses to this legend. Ohtar, who delivered the shards of Narsil, and his companion were two of them. The third was Elendur's esquire [[Estelmo]], who had heard the counsel taken between the father and the son at Isildur's parting. Estelmo was found alive under Elendur's body. All the others in Isildur's company were lost in the battle. The [[Woodmen]] were able to come and disturb the orcs before they could mutilate the bodies of the dead.

The legend of Isildur's death was formed only during the reign of [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]]. The surmises such as Isildur had the Ring and had fled towards the river, his armor and great sword were found at the banks not far from Gladden Fields and that there were orc archers on the west bank to intercept the escapees who fled the battle to the river was known. The fourth surmise surrounding the legend is that Isildur and the Ring had to be lost in the River together or separately. If Isildur still had the Ring when he reached the west bank, he could have easily eluded the orc archers and traveled to [[Moria]] or [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with the supply of way bread and cordial which every Dúnedain carried in a sealed wallet in his belt. The belt and the wallet were not among the discarded gear found on the east bank.

It was revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]] that the Ring was found, sunk near the edge of the Gladden Fields close to the western banks, and that no trace of Isildur's body was found. It was also known at that point that [[Saruman]] had been secretly searching that region.

When Aragorn II ascended to the throne, one of the first tasks he took up was to restore the [[Palantíri|palantír]] recovered from Saruman at [[Orthanc]]. When Orthanc was searched for its secrets, hoards of treasure were discovered. Elendilmir and a gold case attached to a fine chain was found among them, kept in a hidden strong steel closet. Elendilmir (a white star of Elvish crystal set upon ''[[mithril]]'' fillet) descended from [[Silmariën]] to Elendil, was the sign of royalty of the North Kingdom taken by Elendil. Elven smiths of Rivendell had made a copy of Elendilmir for Valandil and was borne by every King and Chieftian of North including Elessar, but it could not match the potency and ancestry of Elendilmir of the West. Aragorn never imperiled Elendilmir once it was recovered.

With the discovery of Saruman's hoard, it was evident that Isildur could have only fallen to shallow water. For if he had fallen to deep waters, the water of the Great River would have taken his body to a great distance, and Elendilmir would never have been discovered. But the remnants of the body of Isildur was never to be found in Orthanc. The possibility that Saruman could have dishonored them in one of his furnaces still remains.

===Appendix===
The Appendix of the chapter gives information about the units of measure to the [[Númenóreans]], and their relationships in height to [[Celeborn]] and the [[Hobbits]].
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/le desastre des champs d iris]]
[[fi:Kurjenmiekkakenttien murhenäytelmä (KTK)]]

The Disaster of the Gladden Fields

2025-08-11T02:40:02Z

Brahm.zhao: Added a short synopsis of the Appendix.

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Disaster of the Gladden Fields''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. According to Christopher Tolkien, this is a 'late' narrative of the [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Professor]] written after the publication of [[The Lord of the Rings]] and in the same time frame of narratives such as [[Cirion and Eorl]], [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]], [[the Drúedain]], and the philological essays cited in [[The History of Galadriel and Celeborn]].

This work is divided into two parts. The first part narrates the events that took place in {{TA|2}} up to the slaying of [[Isildur]] as a legend. The second part of the narration, titled ''The sources of the legend of Isildur's death'', gives an account of the origin of the legend as surmises surrounding Isildur's death such as finding of [[Star of Elendil|Elendilmir]] after [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] came to the crown of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].

==Synopsis==
The story begins with Isildur taking up Elendilmir and declaring his sovereignty over Arnor and Gondor. He had spent a year in Gondor after the [[War of the Last Alliance]] to restore its order and define its bounds. Hence, he was eager to see his wife and his youngest son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] who were at [[Rivendell]] in Elrond's care. He also had a need for a counsel with [[Elrond]]. [[Meneldil]], Isildur's nephew, bade him farewell at the East Gate of the Bridge and Isildur and his company of two hundred war-hardened [[Dúnedain]] along with his three elder sons [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], and [[Ciryon]] made their march to Rivendell through the east side of [[Anduin]].

They were attacked by a host of [[orcs]] on the thirtieth day of their journey, when they were a four days' march from [[Thranduil]]'s realm at the northern borders of [[Gladden Fields]]. Before the first attack began, Isildur ordered his esquire [[Ohtar]] to take the shards of [[Narsil]] and flee along with one other man to Rivendell. Isildur and his men successfully broke the first onslaught, and it seemed to the defenders that their enemy withdrew to the forest. Isildur ordered his men to march forward but even before they had gone a mile the Orcs moved again and gradually surrounded them in a ring, although still staying out of range of the dreaded steel bows of [[Númenor]].

Elendur, who was in his fathers's counsel, asked Isildur whether he could use [[the One Ring]] against their enemy. But Isildur, whose pride had fallen, dreaded the pain of touching the Ring and wished to give the ring to the [[Keepers of the Three Rings|Keepers of the Three]]. Even as they were taking counsel, the second onslaught began with a blast of a horn. Ciryon was slain and Aratan was mortally wounded when he attempted to rescue his brother. When defeat was imminent, Elendur returned to Isildur, and as his last counselor, ordered his father to flee from the battle with the Ring and to take it to the Keepers.

Isildur put on the Ring with a great cry of pain, but Elendilmir of the West blazed forth. Hence Isildur had to pull a hood over his head to vanish. Elendur, who was most like his grandsire [[Elendil]], perished in the battle.

Isildur ran a great distance and reached the banks of the [[Anduin|Great River]], where he shed all his armor, and with just a single short sword in his belt plunged into the river. Even as he swam, the current swept him towards the tangles of the Gladden Fields where the Ring betrayed him. Sudden despair came to him and he would have drowned himself, but the mood passed him as if a great burden had been taken away. He got out of the water, but was shot through the heart and throat with poison arrows by the lurking orc archers on the west bank. He fell back to the water without a single cry, with Elendilmir still on his brow. His body was never found by men or elves.

For more details on the battle see ''[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. ''

===The sources of the legend of Isildur's death===
Tolkien also explores the possibility of how the above events became known to the historians of Gondor, since everyone was killed.

There were three eye witnesses to this legend. Ohtar, who delivered the shards of Narsil, and his companion were two of them. The third was Elendur's esquire [[Estelmo]], who had heard the counsel taken between the father and the son at Isildur's parting. Estelmo was found alive under Elendur's body. All the others in Isildur's company were lost in the battle. The [[Woodmen]] were able to come and disturb the orcs before they could mutilate the bodies of the dead.

The legend of Isildur's death was formed only during the reign of [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]]. The surmises such as Isildur had the Ring and had fled towards the river, his armor and great sword were found at the banks not far from Gladden Fields and that there were orc archers on the west bank to intercept the escapees who fled the battle to the river was known. The fourth surmise surrounding the legend is that Isildur and the Ring had to be lost in the River together or separately. If Isildur still had the Ring when he reached the west bank, he could have easily eluded the orc archers and traveled to [[Moria]] or [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with the supply of way bread and cordial which every Dúnedain carried in a sealed wallet in his belt. The belt and the wallet were not among the discarded gear found on the east bank.

It was revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]] that the Ring was found, sunk near the edge of the Gladden Fields close to the western banks, and that no trace of Isildur's body was found. It was also known at that point that [[Saruman]] had been secretly searching that region.

When Aragorn II ascended to the throne, one of the first tasks he took up was to restore the [[Palantíri|palantír]] recovered from Saruman at [[Orthanc]]. When Orthanc was searched for its secrets, hoards of treasure were discovered. Elendilmir and a gold case attached to a fine chain was found among them, kept in a hidden strong steel closet. Elendilmir (a white star of Elvish crystal set upon ''[[mithril]]'' fillet) descended from [[Silmariën]] to Elendil, was the sign of royalty of the North Kingdom taken by Elendil. Elven smiths of Rivendell had made a copy of Elendilmir for Valandil and was borne by every King and Chieftian of North including Elessar, but it could not match the potency and ancestry of Elendilmir of the West. Aragorn never imperiled Elendilmir once it was recovered.

With the discovery of Saruman's hoard, it was evident that Isildur could have only fallen to shallow water. For if he had fallen to deep waters, the water of the Great River would have taken his body to a great distance, and Elendilmir would never have been discovered. But the remnants of the body of Isildur was never to be found in Orthanc. The possibility that Saruman could have dishonored them in one of his furnaces still remains.

=== Appendix ===
'''Númenórean Linear Measures:''' information about the units of measure to the [[Númenóreans]], and their relationships in height to [[Celeborn]] and the [[Hobbits]].
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/le desastre des champs d iris]]
[[fi:Kurjenmiekkakenttien murhenäytelmä (KTK)]]

The Disaster of the Gladden Fields

2025-08-11T02:17:57Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Disaster of the Gladden Fields''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. According to Christopher Tolkien, this is a 'late' narrative of the [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Professor]] written after the publication of [[The Lord of the Rings]] and in the same time frame of narratives such as [[Cirion and Eorl]], [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]], [[the Drúedain]], and the philological essays cited in [[The History of Galadriel and Celeborn]].

This work is divided into two parts. The first part narrates the events that took place in {{TA|2}} up to the slaying of [[Isildur]] as a legend. The second part of the narration, titled ''The sources of the legend of Isildur's death'', gives an account of the origin of the legend as surmises surrounding Isildur's death such as finding of [[Star of Elendil|Elendilmir]] after [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] came to the crown of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].

==Synopsis==
The story begins with Isildur taking up Elendilmir and declaring his sovereignty over Arnor and Gondor. He had spent a year in Gondor after the [[War of the Last Alliance]] to restore its order and define its bounds. Hence, he was eager to see his wife and his youngest son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] who were at [[Rivendell]] in Elrond's care. He also had a need for a counsel with [[Elrond]]. [[Meneldil]], Isildur's nephew, bade him farewell at the East Gate of the Bridge and Isildur and his company of two hundred war-hardened [[Dúnedain]] along with his three elder sons [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], and [[Ciryon]] made their march to Rivendell through the east side of [[Anduin]].

They were attacked by a host of [[orcs]] on the thirtieth day of their journey, when they were a four days' march from [[Thranduil]]'s realm at the northern borders of [[Gladden Fields]]. Before the first attack began, Isildur ordered his esquire [[Ohtar]] to take the shards of [[Narsil]] and flee along with one other man to Rivendell. Isildur and his men successfully broke the first onslaught, and it seemed to the defenders that their enemy withdrew to the forest. Isildur ordered his men to march forward but even before they had gone a mile the Orcs moved again and gradually surrounded them in a ring, although still staying out of range of the dreaded steel bows of [[Númenor]].

Elendur, who was in his fathers's counsel, asked Isildur whether he could use [[the One Ring]] against their enemy. But Isildur, whose pride had fallen, dreaded the pain of touching the Ring and wished to give the ring to the [[Keepers of the Three Rings|Keepers of the Three]]. Even as they were taking counsel, the second onslaught began with a blast of a horn. Ciryon was slain and Aratan was mortally wounded when he attempted to rescue his brother. When defeat was imminent, Elendur returned to Isildur, and as his last counselor, ordered his father to flee from the battle with the Ring and to take it to the Keepers.

Isildur put on the Ring with a great cry of pain, but Elendilmir of the West blazed forth. Hence Isildur had to pull a hood over his head to vanish. Elendur, who was most like his grandsire [[Elendil]], perished in the battle.

Isildur ran a great distance and reached the banks of the [[Anduin|Great River]], where he shed all his armor, and with just a single short sword in his belt plunged into the river. Even as he swam, the current swept him towards the tangles of the Gladden Fields where the Ring betrayed him. Sudden despair came to him and he would have drowned himself, but the mood passed him as if a great burden had been taken away. He got out of the water, but was shot through the heart and throat with poison arrows by the lurking orc archers on the west bank. He fell back to the water without a single cry, with Elendilmir still on his brow. His body was never found by men or elves.

For more details on the battle see ''[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. ''

=== The sources of the legend of Isildur's death ===
Tolkien also explores the possibility of how the above events became known to the historians of Gondor, since everyone was killed.

There were three eye witnesses to this legend. Ohtar, who delivered the shards of Narsil, and his companion were two of them. The third was Elendur's esquire [[Estelmo]], who had heard the counsel taken between the father and the son at Isildur's parting. Estelmo was found alive under Elendur's body. All the others in Isildur's company were lost in the battle. The [[Woodmen]] were able to come and disturb the orcs before they could mutilate the bodies of the dead.

The legend of Isildur's death was formed only during the reign of [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]]. The surmises such as Isildur had the Ring and had fled towards the river, his armor and great sword were found at the banks not far from Gladden Fields and that there were orc archers on the west bank to intercept the escapees who fled the battle to the river was known. The fourth surmise surrounding the legend is that Isildur and the Ring had to be lost in the River together or separately. If Isildur still had the Ring when he reached the west bank, he could have easily eluded the orc archers and traveled to [[Moria]] or [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with the supply of way bread and cordial which every Dúnedain carried in a sealed wallet in his belt. The belt and the wallet were not among the discarded gear found on the east bank.

It was revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]] that the Ring was found, sunk near the edge of the Gladden Fields close to the western banks, and that no trace of Isildur's body was found. It was also known at that point that [[Saruman]] had been secretly searching that region.

When Aragorn II ascended to the throne, one of the first tasks he took up was to restore the [[Palantíri|palantír]] recovered from Saruman at [[Orthanc]]. When Orthanc was searched for its secrets, hoards of treasure were discovered. Elendilmir and a gold case attached to a fine chain was found among them, kept in a hidden strong steel closet. Elendilmir (a white star of Elvish crystal set upon ''[[mithril]]'' fillet) descended from [[Silmariën]] to Elendil, was the sign of royalty of the North Kingdom taken by Elendil. Elven smiths of Rivendell had made a copy of Elendilmir for Valandil and was borne by every King and Chieftian of North including Elessar, but it could not match the potency and ancestry of Elendilmir of the West. Aragorn never imperiled Elendilmir once it was recovered.

With the discovery of Saruman's hoard, it was evident that Isildur could have only fallen to shallow water. For if he had fallen to deep waters, the water of the Great River would have taken his body to a great distance, and Elendilmir would never have been discovered. But the remnants of the body of Isildur was never to be found in Orthanc. The possibility that Saruman could have dishonored them in one of his furnaces still remains.

[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/le desastre des champs d iris]]
[[fi:Kurjenmiekkakenttien murhenäytelmä (KTK)]]

The Istari

2025-08-11T02:08:57Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{Disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|Istari (Wizards)|''[[Wizards]]''}}{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Istari''' is a chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]], a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]].

In the section is described the background of the five wizards:
*[[Blue Wizards|Alatar]]
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Saruman]]
*[[Blue Wizards|Pallando]]
*[[Radagast]]

The main focus however is on Gandalf and Saruman and specifically their names in the various languages of Middle-earth.

It is important to note that the section is a composition of various manuscripts and printed texts from [[The Silmarillion]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] with comments by [[Christopher Tolkien]] rather than a singular document. In the notes some information on [[Queen Berúthiel]] is also disclosed. There is also a [[wilt thou learn the lore|poem]] about [[Dagor Dagorath]].

[[fi:Istari (KTK)]]

A Description of the Island of Númenor

2025-08-11T02:05:14Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''A Description of the Island of Númenor''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. As the title indicates, it contains a description of the island of [[Númenor]], also called [[Elenna]], comprising its geography, flora, fauna and last, but not least, its people.

==Synopsis==
After a short introduction detailing the (imaginary) sources for the account itself, the author describes the shape of the island, a star with 5 promontories, called as follows:

*[[Forostar]], the Northlands
*[[Andustar]], the Westlands
*[[Hyarnustar]], the Southwestlands
*[[Hyarrostar]], the Southeastlands
*[[Orrostar]], the Eastlands

The middle region of the island was the largest province and the most populated area:

*[[Mittalmar]], the Inlands

Here was [[Armenelos]], the City of Kings, as well as the sacred mountain [[Meneltarma]], where religious processions took place, 3 times per year. On its southern slope was [[Noirinan]], the Valley of the Graves. It was guarded by the eagles of [[Manwë]], one of the 2 species of birds mentioned in the chapter, the other being the ''[[Kirinki]]''.

[[File:Christopher Tolkien - Numenore.png|200px|left|thumb|"[[Númenórë (map)|Númenorë]]" by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]
Starting with the Northlands, each promontory is described in turn: Forostar, where the [[Eagles of Manwë]] dwelt and where the mountain [[Sorontil]] stood next to the sea. Andustar, which had 3 bays on its western side, the first being [[Andúnië]], which held the city with the same name, largest in the island and harbor for the [[Elves]] of [[Tol Eressëa|Eressëa]]. Here, the beauty of [[Eldalondë]] is described and its greatest treasures were the majestic trees: [[Oiolairë]], [[Lairelossë]], [[Nessamelda]], [[Vardarianna]], [[Taniquelassë]], [[Yavannamírë]] and [[Malinornë]]. The 2 rivers of the island, [[Nunduinë]] and [[Siril]] flowed on each side of Hyarnustar, while in Hyarrostar grew [[Laurinquë]], a tree whose only purpose was to charm the people with its beauty. Of Orrostar little is told, only that grains could be cultivated in this cold part of the island.

A description of the people follows, mostly [[Edain]] skilled in riding, shaping of terrible war weapons, especially bows and also in building of the ships used to sail towards [[Middle-earth]], the first one to succeed being [[Vëantur]]. Many of the legendary weapons were put to saving here, among them [[Dramborleg|Tuor's axe]] and the bow of [[Bregor]], as well as the [[Ring of Barahir]], the only artifact to survive the [[Downfall of Númenor]].

==See also==
*''[[Akallabêth]]''
{{numenor}}
[[fi:Númenorin saari (KTK)]]
[[Category:Books and documents within the legendarium]]

The Istari

2025-08-11T02:00:17Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{Disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|Istari (Wizards)|''[[Wizards]]''}}{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Istari''' is the title of the second section within Part Four of ''[[Unfinished Tales|Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth]]''.

In the section is described the background of the five wizards:
*[[Blue Wizards|Alatar]]
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Saruman]]
*[[Blue Wizards|Pallando]]
*[[Radagast]]

The main focus however is on Gandalf and Saruman and specifically their names in the various languages of Middle-earth.

It is important to note that the section is a composition of various manuscripts and printed texts from [[The Silmarillion]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] with comments by [[Christopher Tolkien]] rather than a singular document. In the notes some information on [[Queen Berúthiel]] is also disclosed. There is also a [[wilt thou learn the lore|poem]] about [[Dagor Dagorath]].

[[fi:Istari (KTK)]]

The Istari

2025-08-11T01:58:00Z

Brahm.zhao: Altered the redirect template to better compare to the other chapters.

{{Disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|Istari (Wizards)|"[[Wizards]]"}}{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Istari''' is the title of the second section within Part Four of ''[[Unfinished Tales|Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth]]''.

In the section is described the background of the five wizards:
*[[Blue Wizards|Alatar]]
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Saruman]]
*[[Blue Wizards|Pallando]]
*[[Radagast]]

The main focus however is on Gandalf and Saruman and specifically their names in the various languages of Middle-earth.

It is important to note that the section is a composition of various manuscripts and printed texts from [[The Silmarillion]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] with comments by [[Christopher Tolkien]] rather than a singular document. In the notes some information on [[Queen Berúthiel]] is also disclosed. There is also a [[wilt thou learn the lore|poem]] about [[Dagor Dagorath]].

[[fi:Istari (KTK)]]

The Drúedain

2025-08-11T01:49:29Z

Brahm.zhao: Used a better template to redirect to 'Drúedain' page.

{{incomplete}}{{Disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|race of men|''[[Drúedain]]''}}{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Drúedain''' is a chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]], a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. It is in its entirety an excerpt from a much longer unfinished essay titled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'', the rest of which was published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''.

==Synopsis==
The essay speaks about the [[Drúedain]], little-appearing in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. It explores their history during the [[First Age]] being a part of the [[House of Haleth|Second House]] of [[Men]], and later their temporary presence on [[Númenor]] and then their staying in [[Andrast]].

It is mentioned about their being confused with [[Orcs]] and the [[Rohirrim]] hunting and killing them in their ignorance.

There is a mention of their peculiar "[[magic]]" abilities and customs, exemplified in the First Age story ''[[The Faithful Stone]]''.

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Druedain, The}}

[[Category:Drúedain]]
[[fi:Drúedain (KTK)]]

The Battles of the Fords of Isen

2025-08-10T23:41:11Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{Incomplete}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Battles of the Fords of Isen''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter is an account of the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen|first]] and [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second]] attacks on the critical crossing of the River [[Isen]] during which [[Théoden|King Théoden's]] son, [[Théodred]] was slain, paving the way to the [[Battle of the Hornburg|assault]] on the [[Hornburg]], the stronghold of [[Rohan]].

==Synposis==
The main obstacles to [[Saruman|Saruman’s]] conquest over Rohan were Théodred and [[Éomer]]. Because of this, in the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]], Saruman made sure that Théodred would die. Théodred took his riders to meet Saruman’s forces at the [[Fords of Isen|Fords]], but was slowed by ambushes from the enemy. When Théodred arrived at the Fords, he set [[Grimbold]] in charge of fifty men on the west bank, and the rest on the east bank. He positioned his own company on the small island on the water.

Saruman’s eastern forces came with unexpected speed and ferocity, made up of [[Dunlendings|Dunlending]] horsemen and [[Wolf-riders|Orcish wolfriders]]. As the eastern side was being overtaken, Grimbold was being attacked on his side, and the enemy was closing in on Théodred from both sides. Grimbold came to his aid too late, and Théodred fell at his side. When it seemed they were done for, a great host led by [[Elfhelm]] drove off the enemy.

[[Erkenbrand]] assumed command of the [[West-mark]], and in anticipation for a [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second battle]], asked Théoden for reinforcements. This was denied due to the advice of [[Gríma]]. Erkenbrand gave field command to Grimbold, who coordinated with Elfhelm to protect the Fords. Grimbold protected the west bank, while Elfhelm waited farther on the east side. Saruman’s troops attacked on [[2 March]], forcing Grimbold across the Isen. In the night, Grimbold’s forces were scattered, and Elfhelm was fighting the rest of Saruman’s army from Isengard. In the late afternoon of [[3 March]], Grimbold met [[Gandalf]], and followed his advice to join Elfhelm in the south.

Here, the text is abruptly cut off.

===Appendix===
The Appendix of the chapter details the military ranks of the [[Rohirrim]]. Also included is a discussion of the importance of the [[Fords of Isen]].
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[fi:Taistelut Rautkymin Kahlaamolla (KTK)]]

The Battles of the Fords of Isen

2025-08-10T23:35:27Z

Brahm.zhao: I wrote the synopsis of the main text.

{{Incomplete}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Battles of the Fords of Isen''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter is an account of the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen|first]] and [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second]] attacks on the critical crossing of the River [[Isen]] during which [[Théoden|King Théoden's]] son, [[Théodred]] was slain, paving the way to the [[Battle of the Hornburg|assault]] on the [[Hornburg]], the stronghold of [[Rohan]].

==Synposis==
The main obstacles to [[Saruman|Saruman’s]] conquest over Rohan were Théodred and [[Éomer]]. Because of this, in the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]], Saruman made sure that Théodred would die. Théodred took his riders to meet Saruman’s forces at the [[Fords of Isen|Fords]], but was slowed by ambushes from the enemy. When Théodred arrived at the Fords, he set [[Grimbold]] in charge of fifty men on the west bank, and the rest on the east bank. He positioned his own company on the small island on the water.

Saruman’s eastern forces came with unexpected speed and ferocity, made up of [[Dunlendings|Dunlending]] horsemen and [[Wolf-riders|Orcish wolfriders]]. As the eastern side was being overtaken, Grimbold was being attacked on his side, and the enemy was closing in on Théodred from both sides. Grimbold came to his aid too late, and Théodred fell at his side. When it seemed they were done for, a great host led by [[Elfhelm]] drove off the enemy.

[[Erkenbrand]] assumed command of the [[West-mark]], and in anticipation for a [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second battle]], asked Théoden for reinforcements. This was denied due to the advice of [[Gríma]]. Erkenbrand gave field command to Grimbold, who coordinated with Elfhelm to protect the Fords. Grimbold protected the west bank, while Elfhelm waited farther on the east side. Saruman’s troops attacked on [[2 March]], forcing Grimbold across the Isen. In the night, Grimbold’s forces were scattered, and Elfhelm was fighting the rest of Saruman’s army from Isengard. In the late afternoon of [[3 March]], Grimbold met [[Gandalf]], and followed his advice to join Elfhelm in the south.

Here the text ends.

===Appendix===
The Appendix of the chapter details the military ranks of the [[Rohirrim]]. Also included is a discussion of the importance of the [[Fords of Isen]].
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[fi:Taistelut Rautkymin Kahlaamolla (KTK)]]

The Disaster of the Gladden Fields

2025-08-06T00:38:38Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Disaster of the Gladden Fields''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. According to Christopher Tolkien, this is a 'late' narrative of the [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Professor]] written after the publication of [[The Lord of the Rings]] and in the same time frame of narratives such as [[Cirion and Eorl]], [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]], [[the Drúedain]], and the philological essays cited in [[The History of Galadriel and Celeborn]].

This work is divided into two parts. The first part narrates the events that took place in {{TA|2}} up to the slaying of [[Isildur]] as a legend. The second part of the narration, titled ''The sources of the legend of Isildur's death'', gives an account of the origin of the legend as surmises surrounding Isildur's death such as finding of [[Star of Elendil|Elendilmir]] after [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] came to the crown of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].

==Synopsis==
The story begins with Isildur taking up Elendilmir and declaring his sovereignty over Arnor and Gondor. He had spent a year in Gondor after the [[War of the Last Alliance]] to restore its order and define its bounds. Hence, he was eager to see his wife and his youngest son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] who were at [[Rivendell]] in Elrond's care. He also had a need for a counsel with [[Elrond]]. [[Meneldil]], Isildur's nephew, bade him farewell at the East Gate of the Bridge and Isildur and his company of two hundred war-hardened [[Dúnedain]] along with his three elder sons [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], and [[Ciryon]] made their march to Rivendell through the east side of [[Anduin]].

They were attacked by a host of [[orcs]] on the thirtieth day of their journey, when they were a four days' march from [[Thranduil]]'s realm at the northern borders of [[Gladden Fields]]. Before the first attack began, Isildur ordered his esquire [[Ohtar]] to take the shards of [[Narsil]] and flee along with one other man to Rivendell. Isildur and his men successfully broke the first onslaught, and it seemed to the defenders that their enemy withdrew to the forest. Isildur ordered his men to march forward but even before they had gone a mile the Orcs moved again and gradually surrounded them in a ring, although still staying out of range of the dreaded steel bows of [[Númenor]].

Elendur, who was in his fathers's counsel, asked Isildur whether he could use [[the One Ring]] against their enemy. But Isildur, whose pride had fallen, dreaded the pain of touching the Ring and wished to give the ring to the [[Keepers of the Three Rings|Keepers of the Three]]. Even as they were taking counsel, the second onslaught began with a blast of a horn. Ciryon was slain and Aratan was mortally wounded when he attempted to rescue his brother. When defeat was imminent, Elendur returned to Isildur, and as his last counselor, ordered his father to flee from the battle with the Ring and to take it to the Keepers.

Isildur put on the Ring with a great cry of pain, but Elendilmir of the West blazed forth. Hence Isildur had to pull a hood over his head to vanish. Elendur, who was most like his grandsire [[Elendil]], perished in the battle.

Isildur ran a great distance and reached the banks of the [[Anduin|Great River]], where he shed all his armor, and with just a single short sword in his belt plunged into the river. Even as he swam, the current swept him towards the tangles of the Gladden Fields where the Ring betrayed him. Sudden despair came to him and he would have drowned himself, but the mood passed him as if a great burden had been taken away. He got out of the water, but was shot through the heart and throat with poison arrows by the lurking orc archers on the west bank. He fell back to the water without a single cry, with Elendilmir still on his brow. His body was never found by men or elves.

For more details on the battle see ''[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. ''

== The sources of the legend of Isildur's death ==
Tolkien also explores the possibility of how the above events became known to the historians of Gondor, since everyone was killed.

There were three eye witnesses to this legend. Ohtar, who delivered the shards of Narsil, and his companion were two of them. The third was Elendur's esquire [[Estelmo]], who had heard the counsel taken between the father and the son at Isildur's parting. Estelmo was found alive under Elendur's body. All the others in Isildur's company were lost in the battle. The [[Woodmen]] were able to come and disturb the orcs before they could mutilate the bodies of the dead.

The legend of Isildur's death was formed only during the reign of [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]]. The surmises such as Isildur had the Ring and had fled towards the river, his armor and great sword were found at the banks not far from Gladden Fields and that there were orc archers on the west bank to intercept the escapees who fled the battle to the river was known. The fourth surmise surrounding the legend is that Isildur and the Ring had to be lost in the River together or separately. If Isildur still had the Ring when he reached the west bank, he could have easily eluded the orc archers and traveled to [[Moria]] or [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with the supply of way bread and cordial which every Dúnedain carried in a sealed wallet in his belt. The belt and the wallet were not among the discarded gear found on the east bank.

It was revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]] that the Ring was found, sunk near the edge of the Gladden Fields close to the western banks, and that no trace of Isildur's body was found. It was also known at that point that [[Saruman]] had been secretly searching that region.

When Aragorn II ascended to the throne, one of the first tasks he took up was to restore the [[Palantíri|palantír]] recovered from Saruman at [[Orthanc]]. When Orthanc was searched for its secrets, hoards of treasure were discovered. Elendilmir and a gold case attached to a fine chain was found among them, kept in a hidden strong steel closet. Elendilmir (a white star of Elvish crystal set upon ''[[mithril]]'' fillet) descended from [[Silmariën]] to Elendil, was the sign of royalty of the North Kingdom taken by Elendil. Elven smiths of Rivendell had made a copy of Elendilmir for Valandil and was borne by every King and Chieftian of North including Elessar, but it could not match the potency and ancestry of Elendilmir of the West. Aragorn never imperiled Elendilmir once it was recovered.

With the discovery of Saruman's hoard, it was evident that Isildur could have only fallen to shallow water. For if he had fallen to deep waters, the water of the Great River would have taken his body to a great distance, and Elendilmir would never have been discovered. But the remnants of the body of Isildur was never to be found in Orthanc. The possibility that Saruman could have dishonored them in one of his furnaces still remains.

[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/le desastre des champs d iris]]
[[fi:Kurjenmiekkakenttien murhenäytelmä (KTK)]]

Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin

2025-08-05T23:19:33Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin''' is a late work by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] found in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''. It begins as a rewrite of the older work, ''[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]'', but went unfinished. It tells of how [[Tuor]] was raised, came to [[Vinyamar]], found [[Voronwë]], travelled towards [[Gondolin]] and passed through the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin|Seven Gates]].

The true title of the work was '''Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin''', but [[Christopher Tolkien]] changed it for ''Unfinished Tales'' since it only reached that point. This title was reused for the story's equivalent chapter in ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. It was finally published under its original title in the ''[[The Fall of Gondolin|Fall of Gondolin]]'' compilation.

==Synopsis==
[[File:Steamey - Tuor and Voronwe.jpg|left|200px|thumb|"Tuor and Voronwe" by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]]]
[[Tuor]] was the son of [[Rían]] and [[Huor]], born in the year of the battle [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. Upon finding the news of her husband's death, followed closely by her own, Rían left Tuor in the care of the [[Sindar]] of [[Mithrim]], specifically [[Annael]] who became his foster-father. Led by him, a small group sought refuge from the [[Easterlings]] in the caves of [[Androth]], where Tuor grew until he was 16, learning the elven lore and the mastering of weapons. Trying to leave [[Dor-lómin]], the group was attacked by the Easterlings and Tuor taken into slavery for 3 years, until he escaped and ran back to the caves of Androth, where he lived as an outlaw for another four.

Twenty-three years after Nirnaeth Arnoeadiad, in the first day of the new year Tuor began a journey west, towards the [[Ered Lómin]] mountains, in order to find the [[Gate of the Noldor]], following a small river which he considered to be a sign. With the help of [[Gelmir (messenger of Círdan)|Gelmir]] and [[Arminas]] he passed through the gate and entered the coast known as [[Lammoth]]. Further on, he entered [[Nevrast]] and became the first of the race of [[Men]] to have seen the Great Sea [[Belegaer]].

Led by swans, Tuor found the city of [[Vinyamar]] on the slopes of [[Mount Taras]] and from the great halls he took the armour and weapons that [[Turgon]] had left, and then climbed down towards the sea once more. There, on the shores of Belegaer, the Vala [[Ulmo]] appeared before him and spoke of [[Gondolin]], where Tuor, with the help of the last sailor on the last ship to sail West at the command of [[Círdan]], would need to deliver a message on behalf of the Lord of the Waters.

The guide proved to be [[Voronwë]] and together they set towards East, making a stop at the [[Pools of Ivrin]] where they caught a glimpse of [[Túrin]], Tuor's cousin, set on a journey of his own. The two companions travelled further, to the tower [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]] built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and from there went South, following the road which climbed down in the Valley of the [[Sirion]].

From the [[Encircling Mountains|Echoriath]] they crossed the [[Ford of Brithiach]] and on the 37th day of their journey they entered the kingdom of Turgon. The first one they encountered was [[Elemmakil]], a [[Noldor]]in Elf, captain of those who guarded the outer entranceway to Gondolin. Under close guard they passed through the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin|Seven Gates]]: [[Gate of Wood]], [[Gate of Stone]], [[Gate of Bronze]], [[Gate of Writhen Iron]], [[Gate of Silver]], [[Gate of Gold]] and the [[Gate of Steel]].

At the last one, [[Ecthelion]], lord of the [[People of the Fountain]] and keeper of the Great Gate at that time, appeared before their eyes.

==Incomplete story==
Here, the detailed writing stops. In the published manuscript the tale is continued until Tuor is granted passage by Ecthelion and sets his eyes upon the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]], a passage taken from further incomplete notes of Tolkien, which would also contain a description of Gondolin and [[Turgon]], as well as the first meeting of Tuor and [[Idril]], who became his wife. However, a final version of the tale was never completed.

==Tuor and Voronwë's route towards the Hidden City==
#[[Nevrast]]: [[Vinyamar]], [[Mount Taras]]
#[[Falas]]: [[Woods of Núath]], [[Pools of Ivrin]], [[Taeglin|The 3 springs of Taeglin]], [[Malduin|Spring of Malduin]]
#[[Vales of Sirion|Sirion]]: [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]]
#[[Dimbar]]: [[Ford of Brithiach]], [[Echoriath]]
#[[Gondolin]]: [[Seven Gates of Gondolin]]

The entire journey took 37 days to complete and one more for the crossing of the gates.

==See also==
*[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)]]
*[[Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin]]
*[[The Fall of Gondolin|The Fall of Gondolin (book)]]

[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/de tuor et de sa venue a gondolin]]
[[fi:Tuorista ja hänen tulostaan Gondoliniin (KTK)]]

Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin

2025-08-05T23:18:59Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin''' is a late work by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] found in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''. It begins as a rewrite of the older work, ''[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]'', but went unfinished. It tells of how [[Tuor]] was raised, came to [[Vinyamar]], found [[Voronwë]], travelled towards [[Gondolin]] and passed through the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin|Seven Gates]].

The true title of the work was '''Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin''', but [[Christopher Tolkien]] changed it for ''Unfinished Tales'' since it only reached that point. This title was reused for the story's equivalent chapter in ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. It was finally published under its original title in the ''[[The Fall of Gondolin|Fall of Gondolin]]'' compilation.

==Synopsis==
[[File:Steamey - Tuor and Voronwe.jpg|left|200px|thumb|"Tuor and Voronwe" by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]]]
[[Tuor]] was the son of [[Rían]] and [[Huor]], born in the year of the battle [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. Upon finding the news of her husband's death, followed closely by her own, Rían left Tuor in the care of the [[Sindar]] of [[Mithrim]], specifically [[Annael]] who became his foster-father. Led by him, a small group sought refuge from the [[Easterlings]] in the caves of [[Androth]], where Tuor grew until he was 16, learning the elven lore and the mastering of weapons. Trying to leave [[Dor-lómin]], the group was attacked by the Easterlings and Tuor taken into slavery for 3 years, until he escaped and ran back to the caves of Androth, where he lived as an outlaw for another four.

Twenty-three years after Nirnaeth Arnoeadiad, in the first day of the new year Tuor began a journey west, towards the [[Ered Lómin]] mountains, in order to find the [[Gate of the Noldor]], following a small river which he considered to be a sign. With the help of [[Gelmir (messenger of Círdan)|Gelmir]] and [[Arminas]] he passed through the gate and entered the coast known as [[Lammoth]]. Further on, he entered [[Nevrast]] and became the first of the race of [[Men]] to have seen the Great Sea [[Belegaer]].

Led by swans, Tuor found the city of [[Vinyamar]] on the slopes of [[Mount Taras]] and from the great halls he took the armour and weapons that [[Turgon]] had left, and then climbed down towards the sea once more. There, on the shores of Belegaer, the Vala [[Ulmo]] appeared before him and spoke of [[Gondolin]], where Tuor, with the help of the last sailor on the last ship to sail West at the command of [[Círdan]], would need to deliver a message on behalf of the Lord of the Waters.

The guide proved to be [[Voronwë]] and together they set towards East, making a stop at the [[Pools of Ivrin]] where they caught a glimpse of [[Túrin]], Tuor's cousin, set on a journey of his own. The two companions travelled further, to the tower [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]] built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and from there went South, following the road which climbed down in the Valley of the [[Sirion]].

From the [[Encircling Mountains|Echoriath]] they crossed the [[Ford of Brithiach]] and on the 37th day of their journey they entered the kingdom of Turgon. The first one they encountered was [[Elemmakil]], a [[Noldor]]in Elf, captain of those who guarded the outer entranceway to Gondolin. Under close guard they passed through the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin|Seven Gates]]: [[Gate of Wood]], [[Gate of Stone]], [[Gate of Bronze]], [[Gate of Writhen Iron]], [[Gate of Silver]], [[Gate of Gold]] and the [[Gate of Steel]].

At the last one, [[Ecthelion]], lord of the [[People of the Fountain]] and keeper of the Great Gate at that time, appeared before their eyes.

==Incomplete story==
Here, the detailed writing stops. In the published manuscript the tale is continued until Tuor is granted passage by Ecthelion and sets his eyes upon the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]], a passage taken from further incomplete notes of Tolkien, which would also contain a description of Gondolin and [[Turgon]], as well as the first meeting of Tuor and [[Idril]], who became his wife. However, a final version of the tale was never completed.

==Tuor and Voronwë's route towards the Hidden City==
#[[Nevrast]]: [[Vinyamar]], [[Mount Taras]]
#[[Falas]] : [[Woods of Núath]], [[Pools of Ivrin]], [[Taeglin|The 3 springs of Taeglin]], [[Malduin|Spring of Malduin]]
#[[Vales of Sirion|Sirion]]: [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]]
#[[Dimbar]]: [[Ford of Brithiach]], [[Echoriath]]
#[[Gondolin]] : [[Seven Gates of Gondolin]]

The entire journey took 37 days to complete and one more for the crossing of the gates.

==See also==
*[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)]]
*[[Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin]]
*[[The Fall of Gondolin|The Fall of Gondolin (book)]]

[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/de tuor et de sa venue a gondolin]]
[[fi:Tuorista ja hänen tulostaan Gondoliniin (KTK)]]

The Quest of Erebor

2025-08-05T23:18:11Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|actual quest|''[[Quest of Erebor]]''}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Quest of Erebor''' is a writing by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] posthumously published by [[Christopher Tolkien]] in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and also in two other places (see below "Textual history" section). This work explains how and why [[Gandalf]] arranged for the retaking of the [[Lonely Mountain]] (''Erebor'' in [[Sindarin]]), an adventure recounted from the perspective of [[Bilbo Baggins]] some time before in the adventures ''[[The Hobbit]]''.

==Background==
'''The Quest of Erebor''' (as well as [[The Hunt for the Ring]]) was originally written between [[1954]]-[[1955]] to be a part of the [[Appendices]] to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' but Tolkien was forced to omit them for lack of space,<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xxxiv</ref> and only a very abridged version of the tale occurred in the Appendices. The work is written in the first person, from the perspective of [[Frodo Baggins]], however nearly all the text consists of narration by Gandalf, who was telling the story at the request of Frodo in [[Minas Tirith]] after the coronation of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]].

==Synopsis==
[[File:Alan Lee - A Chance Meeting.jpg|thumb|right|''A chance meeting'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Gandalf knew that [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] could pose a serious threat if used by [[Sauron]], then dwelling in [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]]. He was thinking about the matter when he met [[Thorin]] at [[Bree]]. Thorin also was concerned about Smaug, but had the different motive of revenge and the reclaiming of the [[Dwarves]]' treasure in the Lonely Mountain. Gandalf agreed to help Thorin.

Gandalf thought Bilbo, an unlikely choice, to be a suitable companion of Thorin and his Dwarves for a number of reasons. First, he had observed that Bilbo took an interest in the world at large, and was thus adventurous. Another reason is that Smaug would not recognize the scent of a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], advantageous to a stealthy operation. Thorin also did not think highly of Hobbits, and putting Bilbo in the expedition might prevent the proud Thorin from rash actions — such as openly challenging Smaug.

It was Thorin's objections to Bilbo that Gandalf found most difficult to overcome. Thorin believed that Bilbo was incapable of helping their adventure and that Gandalf might be simply meddling in his affairs for his own reasons. After much debate, Gandalf convinced Thorin that Bilbo would be a worthy member.

==Textual history==
This text exists in four versions, in the order of the composition dates:

''(A).'' The earliest version, published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' (1996).

''(B).'' A version "much rewritten if not essentially changed" from ''(A)''.<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

''(C).'' A version that, compares to ''(B)'', has "a great deal of further alteration, though mostly of a very minor kind".<ref>{{UT|9a}}</ref> This is published fully in ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'' 2nd edition (2002).

''(D).'' The latest, but much "compressed" version. This is published in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' (1980).

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quest of Erebor}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/l expedition d erebor]]
[[fi:Ereborin-retki (KTK)]]

The Hunt for the Ring

2025-08-05T23:17:42Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Hunt for the Ring''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter is a partly published version of a manuscript now held at the [[Marquette University]] (MSS 4/2/31-37);<ref>[http://www.marquette.edu/library/archives/Mss/JRRT/JRRT-seriesa4.shtml ''The Lord of the Rings'': Additional Manuscripts Presented by Christopher Tolkien, Fourth Installment (MSS-4)], accessed 21 October 2010</ref> other parts of this manuscript and a time scheme have been included in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' (see pp. 145, 251-2 for details).<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] (HarperCollins''Publishers'' 2008), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 251</ref>

==Synopsis==
'''The Hunt for the Ring''' follows the journey of the [[Black Riders]] from the release of [[Gollum]] from [[Mordor]] until [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo Baggins's]] leaving [[the Shire]] on [[22 September]] {{TA|3018}}.

===Of the Journey of the Black Riders according to the account that Gandalf gave to Frodo===
Though [[Sauron]] did not trust Gollum, he deduced that Gollum would, after being released, search for those who stole the [[The One Ring|Ring]] from him, and sent spies to follow Gollum. However, before he could get far, Gollum was captured by [[Aragorn]] and sent to the [[Woodland Realm]], and Sauron's spies could not rescue him.

Sauron, being now unable to catch Gollum, took another route: to search for the "halflings" who, he had learned, had the Ring. Gollum had not been much help in this, as he both had little clear knowledge and lied about what he knew, saying that the land of the Halflings was near his own former home near the [[Gladden Fields]].

Sauron's spies searched, but due to the vigilance of the [[Dúnedain]] and the treachery of [[Saruman]], they found nothing. At last, Sauron chose to send out his mightiest and most loyal servants, the Ringwraiths. In June [[Third Age 3018|3018]], Sauron sent forth two assaults: one by Orcs on the Woodland Realm, in the hopes of freeing Gollum, and one led by the [[Witch-king]] on [[Gondor]], to test the strength of [[Denethor]]. In the latter, after taking [[Osgiliath]], the Nazgȗl were told to begin the search for the Ring. At this time, seven Ringwraiths, led by the Witch-king, were stationed in [[Minas Morgul]], while two, including [[Khamûl]] the Easterling, were stationed in [[Dol Guldur]]. (A note in the text identifies Khamûl as the Ringwraith who terrified [[Gaffer Gamgee]] at Hobbiton.)

Around the beginning of July 3018, the Witch-king and his six companions moved unseen over [[Anduin]], through [[Anórien]], over the [[Entwade]], and into [[the Wold]]. A little north of [[Sarn Gebir]], they were clad and horsed, around [[17 July]]. Around [[22 July]], they met the two Ringwraiths stationed at Dol Guldur at the [[Field of Celebrant]]. From them, they learned that Gollum had escaped entirely and vanished. In addition, they said that no Halflings lived anywhere near where Gollum said they did. Passing between [[Lothlórien]] and the [[Misty Mountains]], they rode northward.

The Ringwraiths, finding nothing, returned south. In September, they once again reached the Wold. There they met messengers from Sauron who reported the prophetic dream that had come to [[Boromir]], the deeds of Saruman, and [[Gandalf|Gandalf's]] capture. Deducing that while none of [[the Wise]] had the Ring, Saruman might know where it was, the Ringwraiths rode straight to [[Isengard]].

Two days after Gandalf's escape from [[Orthanc]] ([[20 September]]), the Ringwraiths arrived at Isengard. Saruman, knowing that his treachery was discovered, did not come forth, but the Ringwraiths did hear his voice. He said that only Gandalf might know where the Ring was, and to seek him nearby. The next day, however, they encountered [[Gríma Wormtongue]], riding to Isengard to tell Saruman about Gandalf's arrival at [[Edoras]]. They questioned him, and, being struck by terror, he told them the location of the Shire. From this, the Ringwraiths learned that Saruman did indeed know the location of the Shire, and his treachery was fully revealed.

The Ringwraiths were divided into four pairs, the swiftest of which rode with the Witch-king, through [[Enedwaith]] and [[Minhiriath]]. On the road, they captured some of Saruman's spies, one of whom had maps of the Shire. Now in the service of Mordor, the spies were sent to [[Bree]].

On the night of 22 September, the Ringwraiths arrived at [[Sarn Ford]]. The Rangers attempted to bar their way, but were overpowered. The Black Riders passed into the Shire on the morning of 23 September.

===Other Versions of the Story===
Christopher Tolkien mentions that four manuscripts exist for this story, all from the same period but slightly different. The previously printed one he calls A. A second version (B) is largely the same. A third (C) takes the form of a plot outline that begins at a later point in the story and introduces some differences. He says that this is probably the last written of the three. Various pages of notes, which Christopher calls D, are largely concerned with Gollum.

In D, Gollum tells Sauron only that "[the Ring] was stolen by a creature named ''Baggins'' in the Misty Mountains, and that ''Baggins'' came from a land called ''Shire''". Sauron deduces that Baggins must have been a similar sort of creature to Gollum. Gollum would not know the term "Hobbit", as it was colloquial and not used everywhere. He also would not use "Halfling", a word which Hobbits generally disliked. So the Ringwraiths only had two pieces of information to go on: ''Shire'' and ''Baggins''. Sauron, however, assumed that the Shire would be near the Misty Mountains and the [[Vales of Anduin]], where Gollum had lived.

Manuscript B elaborates on the journey of Aragorn with Gollum to the Woodland Realm, and also on Sauron's doubts about using the Ringwraiths. After Gollum's release, he disappeared into the Dead Marshes. Since Sauron had very little power in [[Eriador]], he could not send many spies without them being hindered by Saruman's servants. So, he decided to send the Ringwraiths. Though this had advantages, such as the Ringwraiths' enslavement to their [[Nine Rings|Ring]], it also had weaknesses. All but the Witch-king could stray by daylight, and all except the Witch-king feared water and were reluctant to cross rivers without a bridge. Since their primary weapon was terror, even when unclad their presence could be felt, and Anduin and other rivers were a large obstacle.

The situation changed when Sauron learned about Gollum's capture. Aragorn captured him on [[1 February]] 3018, and arrived at the Woodland Realm fifty days later on [[21 March]]. The news would not have reached Dol Guldur until after Aragorn had entered Mirkwood, and the commander there would not have sent news to [[Barad-dûr]] until he had tried to find Gollum himself. As such, Sauron likely only found out about Gollum's capture by a Man in late April. Though neither Sauron nor his servants knew who Aragorn was, when Gandalf passed into the Woodland Realm, Sauron learned that the Wise also knew about Gollum.

This concerned Sauron, who decided to use the Ringwraiths as quickly as possible. He attacked Thranduil and Gondor at the same time, during which Gollum escaped and the Eastern half of Osgiliath was taken.
Here Christopher Tolkien interjects again, commenting that the Ringwraith's fear of water is nowhere else explained, and that J.R.R. Tolkien said that the idea was also "difficult to sustain". He also says that the journey of the Nazgûl up the Vale of Anduin is much the same as in version A, but that the dates in each version are all "slightly at variance both with each other and with [...] [[the Tale of Years]]".

Then Christopher Tolkien gives an excerpt from Manuscript D about Gollum after his escape from Mirkwood. Gollum escaped over the Anduin, eluding the Orcs, but he was still hunted by Elves. He wouldn't go near Lórien, and so hid in [[Moria]] in the autumn of 3018. After this, what happened to Gollum is uncertain. What he had for food he stole dangerously from Sauron's servants in Moria. Though he had likely originally intended that Moria simply be a way through the mountains, he got lost and arrived at the [[Doors of Durin]] not long before the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] did. Even had he arrived earlier, he was weak for lack of food and could not have thrust the doors open, so his arrival there was very lucky.

Christopher Tolkien then outlines Manuscript C, which differs significantly and starts after the Ringwraiths' failed journey northward. Arriving at Isengard, in this version they arrived while Gandalf is still there, and in terror Saruman was willing to turn Gandalf over to them. However, when he walked to the top of Orthanc to retrieve him, Gandalf was already flying away with [[Gwaihir]]. Returning to the Ringwraiths, Saruman claimed to have forced Gandalf to reveal the Shire's location (which Saruman already knew) and promised to tell Sauron that the Ringwraiths obeyed their master. Convinced that Saruman was still a faithful ally, the Riders immediately rode in the direction of the Shire. Saruman also sent Orcs and wolves to pursue Gandalf, unsuccessfully. This version of the story includes no meeting between Wormtongue and the Black Riders, as the Riders had already left Rohan by the time Gríma was riding back to Isengard. Saruman's lying is revealed not by Wormtongue, but by the spy they captured, of whom more is told.

Interested in why Gandalf had taken interest in the Shire, Saruman had a network of spies, including some hobbits, but mostly [[Dunlendings]]. One of these Men had been in the Shire, negotiating the price of [[pipe-weed]] (which Saruman had begun to smoke) to store in Isengard against war. He had also been tasked with finding out about any notable departures. This was the man the Black Riders captured on his way back to Isengard. Interrogating him, they discovered where ''Baggins'' lived, which is why Hobbiton was chosen as a starting point. The Ringwraiths sent this man to Bree, and he was the "squint-eyed southerner" at the [Prancing Pony].

In Version B it is said that the Witch-king did not know whether the Ring was in the Shire. Only a few Riders were therefore sent, and of these Khamûl was to go to Hobbiton. Some were also sent to the eastern borders, rousing evil things, including the [[Barrow-wights]] and the trees of the [[Old Forest]].

===Concerning Gandalf, Saruman and the Shire===
Christopher Tolkien says that papers from this period talk about Saruman's dealings with the Shire and with pipe-weed, and the text he presents is the briefest.

Jealous of Gandalf, Saruman began to visit the Shire, having noticed that Gandalf thought it worth visiting. When he learned about the finding of the Ring by Bilbo, he assumed that Gandalf knew about this all along, which angered him, as he was especially concerned with the Rings.

Gandalf had also often praised pipe-weed, and though Saruman scoffed at this, he soon began to use it himself. He was secretive about it, as he was concerned that he would be ridiculed if it were found out. He also stopped going to the Shire personally, as he had sometimes been mistaken for Gandalf, and had worried that Gandalf might discover his visits. Gandalf had, in fact, discovered them, but considered them harmless.

Several manuscripts include a story describing Saruman's ridicule of Gandalf, which Gandalf laughed off. After Saruman's cold response, Gandalf blew several smoke rings, which vanished when Gandalf tried to grasp them. This may have been a demonstration to show that the Rings would elude him. At the time, Gandalf did not know that Hobbits and the Rings would be connected. If he had, he would not have done what he did. Because of this, however, when the two did become connected, Saruman assumed that Gandalf had known all along and hidden the knowledge from the [[White Council]].

The final comment by Christopher Tolkien says that in the Tale of Years, the entry for {{TA|2851}} states that Gandalf urged an attack on Dol Guldur, which Saruman vetoed, and that "it afterwards became clear that Saruman had begun to desire to possess the One Ring for himself". The story suggests that Gandalf already knew this at that meeting, though afterwards J.R.R. Tolkien said that Gandalf's story at the Council of Elrond implied that he did not suspect Saruman of this desire until his imprisonment in Orthanc.

==Other parts of the manuscript==
''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' includes numerous parts of the missing manuscripts, as well as several drafts, schemes, and a chronology titled ''The Hunt for the Ring: Time Scheme - Black Riders''. Part of these writings covers the events of ''Manuscript A'' (in particular the travels of the Black Riders, the parley between the [[Witch-king]] and [[Saruman]], the Witch-king rousing the [[Barrow-wights]] in [[Cardolan]],<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 145-6</ref> the battle of [[Osgiliath]] and the travels of [[Khamûl]]). However, most writings focus on the subsequent events: [[Gandalf]]'s escape from Isengard, his taming of [[Shadowfax]]<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "The Council of Elrond", pp. 251-253</ref> and his combat against the Ringwraiths on [[Weathertop]] on the night of 3 October, whose fiery lights were seen by [[Aragorn]] and [[Frodo]].<ref name="RC">{{HM|RC}}, "A Knife in the Dark", pp. 166-168</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 253</ref> ''Time Scheme'' and other versions go as far as the fight between [[Glorfindel]] and the Nazgûl at the [[Ford of Bruinen]]; some minor drafts also analyse subsequent events, including the [[crebain]]. These writings also analyse the thoughts and the plans of the Witch-king regarding the One Ring and Gandalf; they even refer to the Witch-king being afraid of Frodo, as he invoked [[Elbereth]] (a "name of terror for the Nazgûl") and may have slain the Barrow-wight.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Flight to the Ford", pp. 187-189</ref> In addition to the main writings, several (usually brief) drafts regarding the Ringwraiths expand or discuss elements of the plot, such as the identity of Khamûl (originally identified with an [[Easterling]]), or the fact that the Nazgûl couldn’t cross the “elvish waters” of the [[Brandywine]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Many Meetings", pp. 204-5</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hunt for the Ring, The}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]

Tales from the Perilous Realm

2025-08-05T23:15:33Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{book
|title=Tales from the Perilous Realm
| image = Perilous Realm 1997.jpeg
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
|illustrator=[[Alan Lee]] (since 2008 edition)
|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]
|date=January [[1997]]
|format=Hardcover; paperback; deluxe edition
|pages=178
|isbn=0261103423
}}
'''''Tales from the Perilous Realm''''' is a compilation, first published in [[1997]], of several stories and poems by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], which had been previously published separately.

Its only major relation to [[Middle-earth]] is ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'', which features the character [[Tom Bombadil]].

==First edition==
The first edition of the book ([[1997]]) includes:

*''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]''
*''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]''
*''[[Leaf by Niggle]]''
*''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''

==Expanded edition==
An expanded edition was published in September [[2008]], followed by the [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|full-cast dramatization]] in October. In this edition is included the story ''[[Roverandom]]'', essay ''[[On Fairy-Stories]]'', as well as an introduction and afterword. It is illustrated by [[Alan Lee]].

*Introduction by [[Tom Shippey]]
*''[[Roverandom]]''
*[[Farmer Giles of Ham|''Farmer Giles of Ham'']]
*''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]''
*''[[Leaf by Niggle]]''
*''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''
*Appendix: ''[[On Fairy-Stories]]''
*Afterword by [[Alan Lee]]

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|The five tales are written with the same skill, quality and charm that made The Hobbit a classic. Largely overlooked because of their short lengths, they are finally together in a volume which reaffirms Tolkien's place as a master storyteller for readers young and old. 
* Roverandom is a toy dog who, enchanted by a sand sorcerer, gets to explore the world and encounter strange and fabulous creatures.
* Farmer Giles of Ham is fat and unheroic, but – having unwittingly managed to scare off a short-sighted giant – is called upon to do battle when a dragon comes to town;
* The Adventures of Tom Bombadil tells in verse of Tom's many adventures with hobbits, princesses, dwarves and trolls;
* Leaf by Niggle recounts the strange adventures of the painter Niggle who sets out to paint the perfect tree;
* Smith of Wootton Major journeys to the Land of Faery thanks to the magical ingredients of the Great Cake of the Feast of Good Children.}}

==Publication history and gallery==
;UK editions
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="125px" heights="125px">
File:Perilous Realm 1997.jpeg|1997 hardcover first edition
File:Perilous Realm 1998.jpeg|1998 paperback
File:Perilous Realm 2002 silver.jpeg|2002 paperback
File:Perilous Realm 2002.jpeg|2002 paperback 5th impression
File:Perilous Realm 2008.jpg‎|2008 hardcover expanded edition
File:Perilous Realm 2008 deluxe.jpeg|2008 hardcover deluxe edition
File:Perilous Realm 2009.jpg|2009 paperback
File:Perilous Realm 2021.jpg|2021 hardcover
File:Perilous Realm 2024.jpg|2024 paperback
</gallery>
*[[HarperCollins]] hardcover ([[1997]]), pp. 178. ISBN 0261103423 - (first edition, cover art by [[Roger Garland]])
*[[HarperCollins]] paperback ([[1998]]), pp. 192. ISBN 0261103431
*[[HarperCollins]] paperback ([[2002]]), ISBN 0007149123 - (cover based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s artwork)
**2002 paperback edition, 5th impression
*[[HarperCollins]] hardcover ([[2008]]), pp. 432. ISBN 0007257546 - (expanded edition, illustrated by [[Alan Lee]])
*[[HarperCollins]] hardcover with slipcase ([[2008]]), ISBN 000728618X
*[[HarperCollins]] paperback ([[2009]]), ISBN 0007280599
*[[HarperCollins]] hardcover ([[2021]]), ISBN 0008453349
**2009 paperback edition, 18th impression ([[2024]])

{{perilousrealm}}
{{Publishedmajorbooks}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Posthumous publications]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[de:Fabelhafte Geschichten]]
[[de:Tales from the Perilous Realm]]
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/faerie]]
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/faerie2]]
[[fi:Satujen valtakunta]]

The Quest of Erebor

2025-08-05T23:14:49Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|actual quest|''[[Quest of Erebor]]''}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Quest of Erebor''' is a writing by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] posthumously published by [[Christopher Tolkien]] in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and also in two other places (see below "Textual history" section). This work explains how and why [[Gandalf]] arranged for the retaking of the [[Lonely Mountain]] (''Erebor'' in [[Sindarin]]), an adventure recounted from the perspective of [[Bilbo Baggins]] some time before in the adventures ''[[The Hobbit]]''.

==Background==
The Quest of Erebor (as well as [[The Hunt for the Ring]]) was originally written between [[1954]]-[[1955]] to be a part of the [[Appendices]] to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' but Tolkien was forced to omit them for lack of space,<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xxxiv</ref> and only a very abridged version of the tale occurred in the Appendices. The work is written in the first person, from the perspective of [[Frodo Baggins]], however nearly all the text consists of narration by Gandalf, who was telling the story at the request of Frodo in [[Minas Tirith]] after the coronation of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]].

==Synopsis==
[[File:Alan Lee - A Chance Meeting.jpg|thumb|right|''A chance meeting'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Gandalf knew that [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] could pose a serious threat if used by [[Sauron]], then dwelling in [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]]. He was thinking about the matter when he met [[Thorin]] at [[Bree]]. Thorin also was concerned about Smaug, but had the different motive of revenge and the reclaiming of the [[Dwarves]]' treasure in the Lonely Mountain. Gandalf agreed to help Thorin.

Gandalf thought Bilbo, an unlikely choice, to be a suitable companion of Thorin and his Dwarves for a number of reasons. First, he had observed that Bilbo took an interest in the world at large, and was thus adventurous. Another reason is that Smaug would not recognize the scent of a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], advantageous to a stealthy operation. Thorin also did not think highly of Hobbits, and putting Bilbo in the expedition might prevent the proud Thorin from rash actions — such as openly challenging Smaug.

It was Thorin's objections to Bilbo that Gandalf found most difficult to overcome. Thorin believed that Bilbo was incapable of helping their adventure and that Gandalf might be simply meddling in his affairs for his own reasons. After much debate, Gandalf convinced Thorin that Bilbo would be a worthy member.

==Textual history==
This text exists in four versions, in the order of the composition dates:

''(A).'' The earliest version, published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' (1996).

''(B).'' A version "much rewritten if not essentially changed" from ''(A)''.<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

''(C).'' A version that, compares to ''(B)'', has "a great deal of further alteration, though mostly of a very minor kind".<ref>{{UT|9a}}</ref> This is published fully in ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'' 2nd edition (2002).

''(D).'' The latest, but much "compressed" version. This is published in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' (1980).

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quest of Erebor}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/l expedition d erebor]]
[[fi:Ereborin-retki (KTK)]]

The Hunt for the Ring

2025-08-05T22:59:39Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Hunt for the Ring''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter is a partly published version of a manuscript now held at the [[Marquette University]] (MSS 4/2/31-37);<ref>[http://www.marquette.edu/library/archives/Mss/JRRT/JRRT-seriesa4.shtml ''The Lord of the Rings'': Additional Manuscripts Presented by Christopher Tolkien, Fourth Installment (MSS-4)], accessed 21 October 2010</ref> other parts of this manuscript and a time scheme have been included in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' (see pp. 145, 251-2 for details).<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] (HarperCollins''Publishers'' 2008), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 251</ref>

==Synopsis==
''The Hunt for the Ring'' follows the journey of the [[Black Riders]] from the release of [[Gollum]] from [[Mordor]] until [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo Baggins's]] leaving [[the Shire]] on [[22 September]] {{TA|3018}}.

===Of the Journey of the Black Riders according to the account that Gandalf gave to Frodo===
Though [[Sauron]] did not trust Gollum, he deduced that Gollum would, after being released, search for those who stole the [[The One Ring|Ring]] from him, and sent spies to follow Gollum. However, before he could get far, Gollum was captured by [[Aragorn]] and sent to the [[Woodland Realm]], and Sauron's spies could not rescue him.

Sauron, being now unable to catch Gollum, took another route: to search for the "halflings" who, he had learned, had the Ring. Gollum had not been much help in this, as he both had little clear knowledge and lied about what he knew, saying that the land of the Halflings was near his own former home near the [[Gladden Fields]].

Sauron's spies searched, but due to the vigilance of the [[Dúnedain]] and the treachery of [[Saruman]], they found nothing. At last, Sauron chose to send out his mightiest and most loyal servants, the Ringwraiths. In June [[Third Age 3018|3018]], Sauron sent forth two assaults: one by Orcs on the Woodland Realm, in the hopes of freeing Gollum, and one led by the [[Witch-king]] on [[Gondor]], to test the strength of [[Denethor]]. In the latter, after taking [[Osgiliath]], the Nazgȗl were told to begin the search for the Ring. At this time, seven Ringwraiths, led by the Witch-king, were stationed in [[Minas Morgul]], while two, including [[Khamûl]] the Easterling, were stationed in [[Dol Guldur]]. (A note in the text identifies Khamûl as the Ringwraith who terrified [[Gaffer Gamgee]] at Hobbiton.)

Around the beginning of July 3018, the Witch-king and his six companions moved unseen over [[Anduin]], through [[Anórien]], over the [[Entwade]], and into [[the Wold]]. A little north of [[Sarn Gebir]], they were clad and horsed, around [[17 July]]. Around [[22 July]], they met the two Ringwraiths stationed at Dol Guldur at the [[Field of Celebrant]]. From them, they learned that Gollum had escaped entirely and vanished. In addition, they said that no Halflings lived anywhere near where Gollum said they did. Passing between [[Lothlórien]] and the [[Misty Mountains]], they rode northward.

The Ringwraiths, finding nothing, returned south. In September, they once again reached the Wold. There they met messengers from Sauron who reported the prophetic dream that had come to [[Boromir]], the deeds of Saruman, and [[Gandalf|Gandalf's]] capture. Deducing that while none of [[the Wise]] had the Ring, Saruman might know where it was, the Ringwraiths rode straight to [[Isengard]].

Two days after Gandalf's escape from [[Orthanc]] ([[20 September]]), the Ringwraiths arrived at Isengard. Saruman, knowing that his treachery was discovered, did not come forth, but the Ringwraiths did hear his voice. He said that only Gandalf might know where the Ring was, and to seek him nearby. The next day, however, they encountered [[Gríma Wormtongue]], riding to Isengard to tell Saruman about Gandalf's arrival at [[Edoras]]. They questioned him, and, being struck by terror, he told them the location of the Shire. From this, the Ringwraiths learned that Saruman did indeed know the location of the Shire, and his treachery was fully revealed.

The Ringwraiths were divided into four pairs, the swiftest of which rode with the Witch-king, through [[Enedwaith]] and [[Minhiriath]]. On the road, they captured some of Saruman's spies, one of whom had maps of the Shire. Now in the service of Mordor, the spies were sent to [[Bree]].

On the night of 22 September, the Ringwraiths arrived at [[Sarn Ford]]. The Rangers attempted to bar their way, but were overpowered. The Black Riders passed into the Shire on the morning of 23 September.

===Other Versions of the Story===
Christopher Tolkien mentions that four manuscripts exist for this story, all from the same period but slightly different. The previously printed one he calls A. A second version (B) is largely the same. A third (C) takes the form of a plot outline that begins at a later point in the story and introduces some differences. He says that this is probably the last written of the three. Various pages of notes, which Christopher calls D, are largely concerned with Gollum.

In D, Gollum tells Sauron only that "[the Ring] was stolen by a creature named ''Baggins'' in the Misty Mountains, and that ''Baggins'' came from a land called ''Shire''". Sauron deduces that Baggins must have been a similar sort of creature to Gollum. Gollum would not know the term "Hobbit", as it was colloquial and not used everywhere. He also would not use "Halfling", a word which Hobbits generally disliked. So the Ringwraiths only had two pieces of information to go on: ''Shire'' and ''Baggins''. Sauron, however, assumed that the Shire would be near the Misty Mountains and the [[Vales of Anduin]], where Gollum had lived.

Manuscript B elaborates on the journey of Aragorn with Gollum to the Woodland Realm, and also on Sauron's doubts about using the Ringwraiths. After Gollum's release, he disappeared into the Dead Marshes. Since Sauron had very little power in [[Eriador]], he could not send many spies without them being hindered by Saruman's servants. So, he decided to send the Ringwraiths. Though this had advantages, such as the Ringwraiths' enslavement to their [[Nine Rings|Ring]], it also had weaknesses. All but the Witch-king could stray by daylight, and all except the Witch-king feared water and were reluctant to cross rivers without a bridge. Since their primary weapon was terror, even when unclad their presence could be felt, and Anduin and other rivers were a large obstacle.

The situation changed when Sauron learned about Gollum's capture. Aragorn captured him on [[1 February]] 3018, and arrived at the Woodland Realm fifty days later on [[21 March]]. The news would not have reached Dol Guldur until after Aragorn had entered Mirkwood, and the commander there would not have sent news to [[Barad-dûr]] until he had tried to find Gollum himself. As such, Sauron likely only found out about Gollum's capture by a Man in late April. Though neither Sauron nor his servants knew who Aragorn was, when Gandalf passed into the Woodland Realm, Sauron learned that the Wise also knew about Gollum.

This concerned Sauron, who decided to use the Ringwraiths as quickly as possible. He attacked Thranduil and Gondor at the same time, during which Gollum escaped and the Eastern half of Osgiliath was taken.
Here Christopher Tolkien interjects again, commenting that the Ringwraith's fear of water is nowhere else explained, and that J.R.R. Tolkien said that the idea was also "difficult to sustain". He also says that the journey of the Nazgûl up the Vale of Anduin is much the same as in version A, but that the dates in each version are all "slightly at variance both with each other and with [...] [[the Tale of Years]]".

Then Christopher Tolkien gives an excerpt from Manuscript D about Gollum after his escape from Mirkwood. Gollum escaped over the Anduin, eluding the Orcs, but he was still hunted by Elves. He wouldn't go near Lórien, and so hid in [[Moria]] in the autumn of 3018. After this, what happened to Gollum is uncertain. What he had for food he stole dangerously from Sauron's servants in Moria. Though he had likely originally intended that Moria simply be a way through the mountains, he got lost and arrived at the [[Doors of Durin]] not long before the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] did. Even had he arrived earlier, he was weak for lack of food and could not have thrust the doors open, so his arrival there was very lucky.

Christopher Tolkien then outlines Manuscript C, which differs significantly and starts after the Ringwraiths' failed journey northward. Arriving at Isengard, in this version they arrived while Gandalf is still there, and in terror Saruman was willing to turn Gandalf over to them. However, when he walked to the top of Orthanc to retrieve him, Gandalf was already flying away with [[Gwaihir]]. Returning to the Ringwraiths, Saruman claimed to have forced Gandalf to reveal the Shire's location (which Saruman already knew) and promised to tell Sauron that the Ringwraiths obeyed their master. Convinced that Saruman was still a faithful ally, the Riders immediately rode in the direction of the Shire. Saruman also sent Orcs and wolves to pursue Gandalf, unsuccessfully. This version of the story includes no meeting between Wormtongue and the Black Riders, as the Riders had already left Rohan by the time Gríma was riding back to Isengard. Saruman's lying is revealed not by Wormtongue, but by the spy they captured, of whom more is told.

Interested in why Gandalf had taken interest in the Shire, Saruman had a network of spies, including some hobbits, but mostly [[Dunlendings]]. One of these Men had been in the Shire, negotiating the price of [[pipe-weed]] (which Saruman had begun to smoke) to store in Isengard against war. He had also been tasked with finding out about any notable departures. This was the man the Black Riders captured on his way back to Isengard. Interrogating him, they discovered where ''Baggins'' lived, which is why Hobbiton was chosen as a starting point. The Ringwraiths sent this man to Bree, and he was the "squint-eyed southerner" at the [Prancing Pony].

In Version B it is said that the Witch-king did not know whether the Ring was in the Shire. Only a few Riders were therefore sent, and of these Khamûl was to go to Hobbiton. Some were also sent to the eastern borders, rousing evil things, including the [[Barrow-wights]] and the trees of the [[Old Forest]].

===Concerning Gandalf, Saruman and the Shire===
Christopher Tolkien says that papers from this period talk about Saruman's dealings with the Shire and with pipe-weed, and the text he presents is the briefest.

Jealous of Gandalf, Saruman began to visit the Shire, having noticed that Gandalf thought it worth visiting. When he learned about the finding of the Ring by Bilbo, he assumed that Gandalf knew about this all along, which angered him, as he was especially concerned with the Rings.

Gandalf had also often praised pipe-weed, and though Saruman scoffed at this, he soon began to use it himself. He was secretive about it, as he was concerned that he would be ridiculed if it were found out. He also stopped going to the Shire personally, as he had sometimes been mistaken for Gandalf, and had worried that Gandalf might discover his visits. Gandalf had, in fact, discovered them, but considered them harmless.

Several manuscripts include a story describing Saruman's ridicule of Gandalf, which Gandalf laughed off. After Saruman's cold response, Gandalf blew several smoke rings, which vanished when Gandalf tried to grasp them. This may have been a demonstration to show that the Rings would elude him. At the time, Gandalf did not know that Hobbits and the Rings would be connected. If he had, he would not have done what he did. Because of this, however, when the two did become connected, Saruman assumed that Gandalf had known all along and hidden the knowledge from the [[White Council]].

The final comment by Christopher Tolkien says that in the Tale of Years, the entry for {{TA|2851}} states that Gandalf urged an attack on Dol Guldur, which Saruman vetoed, and that "it afterwards became clear that Saruman had begun to desire to possess the One Ring for himself". The story suggests that Gandalf already knew this at that meeting, though afterwards J.R.R. Tolkien said that Gandalf's story at the Council of Elrond implied that he did not suspect Saruman of this desire until his imprisonment in Orthanc.

==Other parts of the manuscript==
''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' includes numerous parts of the missing manuscripts, as well as several drafts, schemes, and a chronology titled ''The Hunt for the Ring: Time Scheme - Black Riders''. Part of these writings covers the events of ''Manuscript A'' (in particular the travels of the Black Riders, the parley between the [[Witch-king]] and [[Saruman]], the Witch-king rousing the [[Barrow-wights]] in [[Cardolan]],<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 145-6</ref> the battle of [[Osgiliath]] and the travels of [[Khamûl]]). However, most writings focus on the subsequent events: [[Gandalf]]'s escape from Isengard, his taming of [[Shadowfax]]<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "The Council of Elrond", pp. 251-253</ref> and his combat against the Ringwraiths on [[Weathertop]] on the night of 3 October, whose fiery lights were seen by [[Aragorn]] and [[Frodo]].<ref name="RC">{{HM|RC}}, "A Knife in the Dark", pp. 166-168</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 253</ref> ''Time Scheme'' and other versions go as far as the fight between [[Glorfindel]] and the Nazgûl at the [[Ford of Bruinen]]; some minor drafts also analyse subsequent events, including the [[crebain]]. These writings also analyse the thoughts and the plans of the Witch-king regarding the One Ring and Gandalf; they even refer to the Witch-king being afraid of Frodo, as he invoked [[Elbereth]] (a "name of terror for the Nazgûl") and may have slain the Barrow-wight.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Flight to the Ford", pp. 187-189</ref> In addition to the main writings, several (usually brief) drafts regarding the Ringwraiths expand or discuss elements of the plot, such as the identity of Khamûl (originally identified with an [[Easterling]]), or the fact that the Nazgûl couldn’t cross the “elvish waters” of the [[Brandywine]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Many Meetings", pp. 204-5</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hunt for the Ring, The}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]

The Quest of Erebor

2025-08-05T22:59:29Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{disambig-two|the chapter in [[Unfinished Tales]]|actual quest|''[[Quest of Erebor]]''}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Quest of Erebor''' is a writing by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] posthumously published by [[Christopher Tolkien]] in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and also in two other places (see below "Textual history" section). This work explains how and why [[Gandalf]] arranged for the retaking of the [[Lonely Mountain]] (''Erebor'' in [[Sindarin]]), an adventure recounted from the perspective of [[Bilbo Baggins]] some time before in the adventures ''[[The Hobbit]]''.

==Background==
"The Quest of Erebor" (as well as ''[[The Hunt for the Ring]]'') was originally written between [[1954]]-[[1955]] to be a part of the [[Appendices]] to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' but Tolkien was forced to omit them for lack of space,<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xxxiv</ref> and only a very abridged version of the tale occurred in the Appendices. The work is written in the first person, from the perspective of [[Frodo Baggins]], however nearly all the text consists of narration by Gandalf, who was telling the story at the request of Frodo in [[Minas Tirith]] after the coronation of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]].

==Synopsis==
[[File:Alan Lee - A Chance Meeting.jpg|thumb|right|''A chance meeting'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Gandalf knew that [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] could pose a serious threat if used by [[Sauron]], then dwelling in [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]]. He was thinking about the matter when he met [[Thorin]] at [[Bree]]. Thorin also was concerned about Smaug, but had the different motive of revenge and the reclaiming of the [[Dwarves]]' treasure in the Lonely Mountain. Gandalf agreed to help Thorin.

Gandalf thought Bilbo, an unlikely choice, to be a suitable companion of Thorin and his Dwarves for a number of reasons. First, he had observed that Bilbo took an interest in the world at large, and was thus adventurous. Another reason is that Smaug would not recognize the scent of a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], advantageous to a stealthy operation. Thorin also did not think highly of Hobbits, and putting Bilbo in the expedition might prevent the proud Thorin from rash actions — such as openly challenging Smaug.

It was Thorin's objections to Bilbo that Gandalf found most difficult to overcome. Thorin believed that Bilbo was incapable of helping their adventure and that Gandalf might be simply meddling in his affairs for his own reasons. After much debate, Gandalf convinced Thorin that Bilbo would be a worthy member.

==Textual history==
This text exists in four versions, in the order of the composition dates:

''(A).'' The earliest version, published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' (1996).

''(B).'' A version "much rewritten if not essentially changed" from ''(A)''.<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

''(C).'' A version that, compares to ''(B)'', has "a great deal of further alteration, though mostly of a very minor kind".<ref>{{UT|9a}}</ref> This is published fully in ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'' 2nd edition (2002).

''(D).'' The latest, but much "compressed" version. This is published in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' (1980).

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quest of Erebor}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/l expedition d erebor]]
[[fi:Ereborin-retki (KTK)]]

The Battles of the Fords of Isen

2025-08-05T22:58:58Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{Incomplete}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Battles of the Fords of Isen''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter details a critical period in [[Rohan]] during the [[War of the Ring]] prior to the arrival of [[Gandalf]], [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]] in [[Edoras]].

==Synposis==
''The Battles of the Fords of Isen'' is an account of the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen|first]] and [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second]] attacks on the critical crossing of the River [[Isen]] during which [[Théoden|King Théoden's]] son, [[Théodred]] was slain, paving the way to the [[Battle of the Hornburg|assault]] on the [[Hornburg]], the stronghold of Rohan.

===Appendix===
The Appendix of the chapter details the military ranks of the [[Rohirrim]]. Also included is a discussion of the importance of the [[Fords of Isen]].
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters|Battles of the Fords of Isen]]
[[fi:Taistelut Rautkymin Kahlaamolla (KTK)]]

Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin

2025-08-05T22:58:14Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin''' is a late work by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] found in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''. It begins as a rewrite of the older work, ''[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]'', but went unfinished. It tells of how [[Tuor]] was raised, came to [[Vinyamar]], found [[Voronwë]], travelled towards [[Gondolin]] and passed through the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin|Seven Gates]].

The true title of the work was '''''Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin''''', but [[Christopher Tolkien]] changed it for ''Unfinished Tales'' since it only reached that point. This title was reused for the story's equivalent chapter in ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. It was finally published under its original title in the ''[[The Fall of Gondolin|Fall of Gondolin]]'' compilation.

==Synopsis==
[[File:Steamey - Tuor and Voronwe.jpg|left|200px|thumb|"Tuor and Voronwe" by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]]]
[[Tuor]] was the son of [[Rían]] and [[Huor]], born in the year of the battle [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. Upon finding the news of her husband's death, followed closely by her own, Rían left Tuor in the care of the [[Sindar]] of [[Mithrim]], specifically [[Annael]] who became his foster-father. Led by him, a small group sought refuge from the [[Easterlings]] in the caves of [[Androth]], where Tuor grew until he was 16, learning the elven lore and the mastering of weapons. Trying to leave [[Dor-lómin]], the group was attacked by the Easterlings and Tuor taken into slavery for 3 years, until he escaped and ran back to the caves of Androth, where he lived as an outlaw for another four.

Twenty-three years after Nirnaeth Arnoeadiad, in the first day of the new year Tuor began a journey west, towards the [[Ered Lómin]] mountains, in order to find the [[Gate of the Noldor]], following a small river which he considered to be a sign. With the help of [[Gelmir (messenger of Círdan)|Gelmir]] and [[Arminas]] he passed through the gate and entered the coast known as [[Lammoth]]. Further on, he entered [[Nevrast]] and became the first of the race of [[Men]] to have seen the Great Sea [[Belegaer]].

Led by swans, Tuor found the city of [[Vinyamar]] on the slopes of [[Mount Taras]] and from the great halls he took the armour and weapons that [[Turgon]] had left, and then climbed down towards the sea once more. There, on the shores of Belegaer, the Vala [[Ulmo]] appeared before him and spoke of [[Gondolin]], where Tuor, with the help of the last sailor on the last ship to sail West at the command of [[Círdan]], would need to deliver a message on behalf of the Lord of the Waters.

The guide proved to be [[Voronwë]] and together they set towards East, making a stop at the [[Pools of Ivrin]] where they caught a glimpse of [[Túrin]], Tuor's cousin, set on a journey of his own. The two companions travelled further, to the tower [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]] built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and from there went South, following the road which climbed down in the Valley of the [[Sirion]].

From the [[Encircling Mountains|Echoriath]] they crossed the [[Ford of Brithiach]] and on the 37th day of their journey they entered the kingdom of Turgon. The first one they encountered was [[Elemmakil]], a [[Noldor]]in Elf, captain of those who guarded the outer entranceway to Gondolin. Under close guard they passed through the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin|Seven Gates]]: [[Gate of Wood]], [[Gate of Stone]], [[Gate of Bronze]], [[Gate of Writhen Iron]], [[Gate of Silver]], [[Gate of Gold]] and the [[Gate of Steel]].

At the last one, [[Ecthelion]], lord of the [[People of the Fountain]] and keeper of the Great Gate at that time, appeared before their eyes.

==Incomplete story==
Here, the detailed writing stops. In the published manuscript the tale is continued until Tuor is granted passage by Ecthelion and sets his eyes upon the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]], a passage taken from further incomplete notes of Tolkien, which would also contain a description of Gondolin and [[Turgon]], as well as the first meeting of Tuor and [[Idril]], who became his wife. However, a final version of the tale was never completed.

==Tuor and Voronwë's route towards the Hidden City==
#[[Nevrast]]: [[Vinyamar]], [[Mount Taras]]
#[[Falas]] : [[Woods of Núath]], [[Pools of Ivrin]], [[Taeglin|The 3 springs of Taeglin]], [[Malduin|Spring of Malduin]]
#[[Vales of Sirion|Sirion]]: [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]]
#[[Dimbar]]: [[Ford of Brithiach]], [[Echoriath]]
#[[Gondolin]] : [[Seven Gates of Gondolin]]

The entire journey took 37 days to complete and one more for the crossing of the gates.

==See also==
*[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)]]
*[[Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin]]
*[[The Fall of Gondolin|The Fall of Gondolin (book)]]

[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/de tuor et de sa venue a gondolin]]
[[fi:Tuorista ja hänen tulostaan Gondoliniin (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:39:20Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the evolution of the nation of [[Rohan]] and its friendship with [[Gondor]]. We see the [[Oath of Eorl]] over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], and an explanation of the [[Tradition of Isildur]].

==Synopsis==
===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

===The Tradition of Isildur===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.

{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor

2025-08-05T22:38:34Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. Less an actual tale, it resembles more a chronicle, consisting of a complete list of the [[King of Númenor|Kings of Númenor]] from the kingdom's foundation, in the year {{SA|32}} to its destruction, year {{SA|3319|n}}.

==Synopsis==

Before the list is detailed, the author and publisher write about the length in life of [[Elros|Elros Tar-Minyatur]]'s line, which was around 400 years and makes the distinction with the other lines of [[Númenóreans]], who's life span was considerably shorter, 200 years or less. But in the latest writing on this subject the distinction in longevity is greatly diminished. To the Númenórean people as a whole is ascribed a life-span some five times the length of that of other Men. What follows is a list of the Númenórean kings, a total of 25. For each of them a short description is made, in which are mentioned the years of their birth, their death and the length of their rule, plus other notable events, if such existed.

The kings and queens depicted are:

1. [[Elros|Elros Tar-Minyatur]] 
2. [[Vardamir|Tar-Vardamir]] 
3. [[Tar-Amandil]] 
4. [[Tar-Elendil]] 
5. [[Tar-Meneldur]] 
6. [[Tar-Aldarion]] 
7. [[Tar-Ancalimë]] 
8. [[Tar-Anárion]] 
9. [[Tar-Súrion]] 
10. [[Tar-Telperiën]] 
11. [[Tar-Minastir]] 
12. [[Tar-Ciryatan]] 
13. [[Tar-Atanamir]] 
14. [[Tar-Ancalimon]] 
15. [[Tar-Telemmaitë]] 
16. [[Tar-Vanimeldë]] ¹ 
17. [[Tar-Alcarin]] 
18. [[Ar-Belzagar]] 
19. [[Ar-Abattârik]] 
20. [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]] 
21. [[Ar-Zimrathôn]] 
22. [[Ar-Sakalthôr]] 
23. [[Ar-Gimilzôr]] 
24. [[Tar-Palantir]] 
25. [[Ar-Pharazôn]] 

¹After Tar-Vanimeldë, her husband [[Tar-Anducal]] followed, but he illegally claimed Kingship of Númenor, so he was not counted.

==See also==

*''[[King of Númenor]]''
{{numenor}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]

Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife

2025-08-05T22:37:43Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife''' is a chapter belonging to the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', which was written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. Its main characters are [[Tar-Aldarion]], the sixth [[King of Númenor]] and his wife, [[Erendis]], also called [[Tar-Elestirnë]], which meant "[[Lady of the Star-brow]]".

==Synopsis==
The chapter begins with a description of Aldarion's father, [[Tar-Meneldur]], a rightful king devoted to the Island of [[Númenor]], but whose true passion was the study of the stars. He had two daughters and one son, [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]], who would be known among the Kings of Númenor as Tar-Aldarion.

The main cause of disagreement between father and son proved to be the sea, for Aldarion loved it ever since he was a child. The first voyage towards [[Middle-earth]] was made in the years {{SA|725}}, under the guidance of [[Vëantur]], his own grandfather and in that journey bonds of friendship with [[Círdan]] and [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]] were established.

More sea voyages followed afterwards, against the wish of his father, and in-between them, he founded the [[Guild of Venturers]]. In the 100th year of his life Aldarion was proclaimed heir to the throne and at the celebration of this event he met Erendis, daughter of [[Beregar]]. Though she seemed beautiful to him, Aldarion did not pursue her until later on, as he continued to follow the mariner life he much loved.

When he finally courted her, it was Erendis who avoided the union, for she did not want to share Aldarion with the sea. Only after many years they were engaged, and even more passed until they were married. As husband and wife they did not manage to reconcile their differences. A few years after their only child was born, named [[Tar-Ancalimë|Ancalimë]], Aldarion continued his explorations in Middle-earth against the wishes of Erendis. Erendis grew bitter of the waiting until finally she left their home in [[Armenelos]], taking their young daughter with her into the heart of [[Emerië]].

Upon his return, Aldarion found his home locked and his father even more cold towards him. It was the same with his wife, when he pursued her to her new home. But here the tale takes an unexpected turn, as a letter from Gil-galad is delivered to king Meneldur. There it is revealed that Aldarion has been operating in Middle-Earth as a great elf-friend, and the outpost [[Vinyalondë]] he has constructed at the mouth of the [[Gwathló]] has helped defend against a rising threat. Gil-galad secretly knows this rising threat is [[Sauron]], and requests further aid from Númenor in the inevitable war to come. Tar-Meneldur, indecisive over the proper way to respond to such great events, announced his abdication and proclaimed Aldarion as the next ruler of Númenor.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref>

==Notes==
After this twist in the tale, the detailed writing stops, for the story was not completed during the author's life. What follows next is a compilation of notes, pulled together by his son, Christopher Tolkien. These scattered writings talk mostly of Erendis and how her bitter vision of men was implemented upon her daughter. Ancalimë shared most of her mother's behavior and went to such lengths as to direct her female servants never to get married. She did however rule, due to the fact that her father had changed the [[Law of Succession in Númenor]]. Her husband was [[Hallacar]], but their marriage was far from happy.

The notes speak little of the fleet which Aldarion, as King of Númenor, has sent to the aid of Gil-galad, as he requested in the above mentioned letter, while much of his fort at Vinyalondë had crumbled into ruin, though parts of it did survive into the Third Age as the port of [[Lond Daer]]. But his efforts would be the base of [[Tar-Minastir]]'s accomplishments many years later, in the first war with Sauron.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, ''The Further course of the Narrative''</ref>

==Timeline==
Years of the main events<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, ''Chronology''</ref> in Aldarion and Erendis' life:

*{{SA|700}} - Aldarion is born
*{{SA|725}}-{{SA|727|n}} - First voyage of Aldarion towards Middle-earth with [[Númerrámar]]
*{{SA|750}} - Aldarion founds the Guild of Venturers
*{{SA|771}} - Erendis is born
*{{SA|800}} - Aldarion is declared heir of the king
*{{SA|800}} - Aldarion and Erendis meet
*{{SA|806}}-{{SA|813|n}} - The 7 years voyage of Aldarion
*{{SA|816}}-{{SA|820|n}} - First voyage of Aldarion with [[Palarran]]
*{{SA|824}}-{{SA|829|n}} - The voyage of Aldarion with the seven ships
*{{SA|829}}-{{SA|843|n}} - The 14 years voyage of Aldarion
*{{SA|858}} - Aldarion and Erendis are engaged
*{{SA|863}}-{{SA|869|n}} - The after-engagement voyage of Aldarion
*{{SA|870}} - The marriage of Aldarion and Erendis
*{{SA|873}} - Ancalimë is born
*{{SA|877}}-{{SA|882|n}} - Voyage of Aldarion with [[Hirilondë]]
*{{SA|882}} - Aldarion and Erendis are separated
*{{SA|883}} - Aldarion becomes king of Númenor
*{{SA|892}} - Ancalimë is declared heiress to the throne
*{{SA|985}} - Erendis dies after journeying to the haven of Rómenna
*{{SA|1075}} - Aldarion's reign ends
*{{SA|1075}} - Ancalimë becomes the first ruling queen of Númenor
*{{SA|1098}} - Aldarion dies

==Preservation of the Story==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] explained in a letter sent to [[Dick Plotz]] in [[1965]] that while the [[Akallabêth]] was fully written, the rest of the history of Númenor was only in annal form and would probably remain in that form, except for one long now nearly complete tale, ''The Mariner's Wife'' about Aldarion, the 6th King of Númenór. Tolkien stated that the reason that this one tale had been preserved when so much other Númenórean lore had been lost was because it told how Númenor had become involved in the politics of [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{L|276}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Númenor]]
*[[King of Númenor]]

{{references}}
{{numenor}}
[[fi:Aldarion ja Erendis (KTK)]]

A Description of the Island of Númenor

2025-08-05T22:37:19Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''A Description of the Island of Númenor''', the first chapter of the second part in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', was written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. As the title indicates, it contains a description of the island of [[Númenor]], also called [[Elenna]], comprising its geography, flora, fauna and last, but not least, its people.

==Synopsis==
After a short introduction detailing the (imaginary) sources for the account itself, the author describes the shape of the island, a star with 5 promontories, called as follows:

*[[Forostar]], the Northlands
*[[Andustar]], the Westlands
*[[Hyarnustar]], the Southwestlands
*[[Hyarrostar]], the Southeastlands
*[[Orrostar]], the Eastlands

The middle region of the island was the largest province and the most populated area:

*[[Mittalmar]], the Inlands

Here was [[Armenelos]], the City of Kings, as well as the sacred mountain [[Meneltarma]], where religious processions took place, 3 times per year. On its southern slope was [[Noirinan]], the Valley of the Graves. It was guarded by the eagles of [[Manwë]], one of the 2 species of birds mentioned in the chapter, the other being the ''[[Kirinki]]''.

[[File:Christopher Tolkien - Numenore.png|200px|left|thumb|"[[Númenórë (map)|Númenorë]]" by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]
Starting with the Northlands, each promontory is described in turn: Forostar, where the [[Eagles of Manwë]] dwelt and where the mountain [[Sorontil]] stood next to the sea. Andustar, which had 3 bays on its western side, the first being [[Andúnië]], which held the city with the same name, largest in the island and harbor for the [[Elves]] of [[Tol Eressëa|Eressëa]]. Here, the beauty of [[Eldalondë]] is described and its greatest treasures were the majestic trees: [[Oiolairë]], [[Lairelossë]], [[Nessamelda]], [[Vardarianna]], [[Taniquelassë]], [[Yavannamírë]] and [[Malinornë]]. The 2 rivers of the island, [[Nunduinë]] and [[Siril]] flowed on each side of Hyarnustar, while in Hyarrostar grew [[Laurinquë]], a tree whose only purpose was to charm the people with its beauty. Of Orrostar little is told, only that grains could be cultivated in this cold part of the island.

A description of the people follows, mostly [[Edain]] skilled in riding, shaping of terrible war weapons, especially bows and also in building of the ships used to sail towards [[Middle-earth]], the first one to succeed being [[Vëantur]]. Many of the legendary weapons were put to saving here, among them [[Dramborleg|Tuor's axe]] and the bow of [[Bregor]], as well as the [[Ring of Barahir]], the only artifact to survive the [[Downfall of Númenor]].

==See also==
*''[[Akallabêth]]''
{{numenor}}
[[fi:Númenorin saari (KTK)]]
[[Category:Books and documents within the legendarium]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:34:16Z

Brahm.zhao: Finished up the last bit of the introductory paragraph.

{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the evolution of the nation of [[Rohan]] and its friendship with [[Gondor]]. We see the [[Oath of Eorl]] over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], and an explanation of the [[Tradition of Isildur]].

==Synopsis==
===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

===The Tradition of Isildur===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.

{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:28:43Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the friendship between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].

==Synopsis==
===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

===The Tradition of Isildur===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.

{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:27:58Z

Brahm.zhao: Removed Expansion Tag.

{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the friendship between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].

==Synopsis==
We see then see oath of Cirion about the alliance of the two people over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], the gifting of [[Calenardhon]] to the Éothéod for their new home as [[Rohan]]. Then there is a discussion about the [[Tradition of Isildur]] concerning the Tomb of Elendil.

===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

===The Tradition of Isildur===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.

{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:17:21Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{expansion}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the friendship between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].

==Synopsis==
We see then see oath of Cirion about the alliance of the two people over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], the gifting of [[Calenardhon]] to the Éothéod for their new home as [[Rohan]]. Then there is a discussion about the [[Tradition of Isildur]] concerning the Tomb of Elendil.

===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

===The Tradition of Isildur===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.

{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:16:50Z

Brahm.zhao: Added back the notes section

{{expansion}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the friendship between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].

==Synopsis==
We see then see oath of Cirion about the alliance of the two people over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], the gifting of [[Calenardhon]] to the Éothéod for their new home as [[Rohan]]. Then there is a discussion about the [[Tradition of Isildur]] concerning the Tomb of Elendil.

===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

=== The Tradition of Isildur ===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:11:32Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the evolution of the nation [[Rohan]] and its friendship with [[Gondor]].

==Synopsis==
===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

===The Tradition of Isildur===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:09:49Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the evolution of the nation [[Rohan]] and its friendship with [[Gondor]].

==Synopsis==
===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

===The Tradition of Isildur===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-05T22:07:08Z

Brahm.zhao: Finished writing 'Cirion and Eorl' and 'The Tradition of Isildur'. Removed the 'Expansion' tag.

{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the evolution of the nation [[Rohan]] and its friendship with [[Gondor]].

==Synopsis==
===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]], also known as [[Amon Anwar]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the [[Rohirrim]]. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the [[beacons of Gondor]]. The only human inhabitants of the [[Firien Wood]], which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.

Three months after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant was won, Cirion held a meeting with Eorl on Amon Anwar. There, Cirion gifted the land of Calenardhon to Eorl. With this gift, Cirion led Eorl to the secret [[Tomb of Elendil]], over which they swore the [[Oath of Eorl]]. This oath entailed that both nations were now allied in everlasting friendship, and would come to the other’s aid in times of need. Afterwards, Cirion and Eorl defined the bounds of the new realm of Eorl, which in later times was known as Rohan. Eorl then departed to lead [[Rohirrim|his people]] to their new home.

=== The Tradition of Isildur ===
[[Isildur]] buried his father, [[Elendil]], on Amon Anwar, which was the center of Gondor at that time. Isildur proclaimed that no man would be permitted to visit the tomb, save [[King of Gondor|the King]] and anyone he brought with him. Isildur had his nephew (the next King of Gondor), [[Meneldil]] start a tradition where the King would bring his heir to the tomb, and reveal to him the secrets of the realm. [[Rómendacil II]] had the ‘[[Tradition of Isildur]]’ written down in a scroll so it would not be lost by sudden death, and would be delivered by the [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] to the new King before his crowning.

When the line of Kings ended, the Stewards continued the tradition, though visited less and less, so that the path to the tomb became overgrown. After the Oath of Eorl was sworn, and Eorl had departed to his people, Cirion removed the tomb of Elendil, and brought the casket to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He judged the ‘Tradition of Isildur’ now void, for the hill was no longer in the center of the kingdom, and Gondor was much changed since the days of Isildur.{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-03T22:35:12Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{expansion}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the friendship between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].

==Synopsis==
We see then see oath of Cirion about the alliance of the two people over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], the gifting of [[Calenardhon]] to the Éothéod for their new home as [[Rohan]]. Then there is a discussion about the [[Tradition of Isildur]] concerning the Tomb of Elendil.

===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the Rohirrim. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the beacons of Gondor. The only human inhabitants of the Firien Wood, which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.
{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-03T20:23:07Z

Brahm.zhao: Finished the note at the beginning of Cirion and Eorl.

{{expansion}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the friendship between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].

==Synopsis==
We see then see oath of Cirion about the alliance of the two people over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], the gifting of [[Calenardhon]] to the Éothéod for their new home as [[Rohan]]. Then there is a discussion about the [[Tradition of Isildur]] concerning the Tomb of Elendil.

===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note<ref group="note">This note is an excerpt from a text titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref> on the [[Halifirien]]. Halifirien meant ‘holy mountain’ in the language of the Rohirrim. The Halifirien was the highest and westernmost of the beacons of Gondor. The only human inhabitants of the Firien Wood, which surrounded the base of the mountain, were the Beacon-wardens.
{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-08-03T19:42:08Z

Brahm.zhao: Added the synopsis of the section 'The Ride of Eorl', and started on Cirion and Eorl'

{{expansion}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The chapter explores the friendship between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].

==Synopsis==
We see then see oath of Cirion about the alliance of the two people over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], the gifting of [[Calenardhon]] to the Éothéod for their new home as [[Rohan]]. Then there is a discussion about the [[Tradition of Isildur]] concerning the Tomb of Elendil.

The text is part of another essay of Tolkien, "[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]" which was published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'', Number 42]].

===The Northmen and the Wainriders===
There was great friendship between the people of [[Gondor]] and the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]], who kept the northern and eastern frontiers of Gondor from invasion. In the winter of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1635|1635]], the [[Great Plague]] appeared in [[Rhovanion]] before spreading to Gondor. The Northmen suffered greater losses, as they were less skilled in the art of healing than those in Gondor. By the time the plague passed, it had killed over half of the folk of Rhovanion and their horses.

When the [[Wainriders]] began their invasions of Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. To combat this threat, [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Narmacil II]] took a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]], recruiting the scattered remnants of the Northmen. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed, and the army of Narmacil retreated into [[Ithilien]]. Some of the Northmen fled to Gondor and [[Dale]], while others were gathered by [[Marhwini]] son of Marhari and settled in the [[Vales of Anduin]], becoming the [[Éothéod]]. The majority of the Northmen, however, were enslaved by the Wainriders.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1899|1899]], King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]], son of Narmacil II, wanting to avenge his father, drew out the Wainriders with his army, battling them upon the [[Dagorlad]]. At the height of the battle, Marhwini led a great [[éored|''éored'']] upon the flank and rear of the Wainriders, who broke and fled to their homes. The horsemen of Marhwini harried them upon their rout until the Wainriders came to their homes, which were burning by a revolt of the enslaved Northmen prepared by Marhwini. In the end Marhwini and Calimehtar retired to their own lands.

In [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 1944|1944]], the [[Easterlings|eastern]] Wainriders and the peoples of [[Khand]], influenced by [[Sauron]], allied to move against Gondor. King [[Ondoher]], son of Calimehtar prepared his army in Dagorlad for the Wainriders to attack from the north, so when they came from the east, with a much larger force than expected, the ranks of Gondor were overwhelmed and pushed back, and Ondoher and his son, [[Artamir]] slain. Ondoher’s other son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], was killed along with a party of the Éothéod. [[Minohtar]], Captain of the Right Wing rallied the remaining men and withdrew them to the head of the North Road of Ithilien, where they were joined by the Éothéod. They were overwhelmed by the Wainriders, and Minohtar killed. The Wainriders, believing Gondor to be overthrown, feasted and reveled in their victory. This was when [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], Captain of the Southern Army, stormed their camp and defeated the Wainriders in a battle known as the [[Battle of the Camp]]. Eärnil, being of royal blood, became King of Gondor.

===The Ride of Eorl===
In the days of Eärnil II, the Éothéod moved into lands north of Mirkwood, between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Forest River]], to escape the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. In [[Third Age 2489|2489]], Cirion became [[Steward of Gondor]], and soon found that new enemies were coming out of the east. In the winter of 2509, the [[Balchoth]], allied with [[Orcs]], prepared a movement against Gondor along the southern eaves of Mirkwood. Cirion sent six messengers to [[Eorl]], Lord of the Éothéod to seek help. Cirion then led as great a force as he could, and led it north to [[Calenardhon]].

Only one of the six messengers, [[Borondir Udalraph]], made it to the Éothéod, as the land between had grown dangerous. When Eorl heard this message, he took the largest host of armed riders and archers he could muster, and with Borondir’s guidance, brought them to where the army of Gondor was fighting the Balchoth. This was the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], and the men of Gondor were losing. With the arrival of Eorl, the tides of fate reversed, and the Balchoth were driven out.

===Cirion and Eorl===
The story is preceded by a note on the Halifirien, westernmost of the beacons of Gondor, highest, Firien wood only inhabited by the Beacon-wardens, Halifirien to the Rohirrim means ‘holy mountain’.The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor<ref group="note">This text is titled ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. The rest of the essay was published later in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]), pp. 5-31; and in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', pp. 376-397; both edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]].</ref>
{{notes}}
[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

The Disaster of the Gladden Fields

2025-08-03T18:57:14Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''The Disaster of the Gladden Fields''' is a chapter in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a posthumously published work of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] edited and published by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. According to Christopher Tolkien, this is a 'late' narrative of the [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Professor]] written after the publication of [[The Lord of the Rings]] and in the same time frame of narratives such as [[Cirion and Eorl]], [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]], [[the Drúedain]], and the philological essays cited in [[The History of Galadriel and Celeborn]].

This work is divided into two parts. The first part narrates the events that took place in {{TA|2}} up to the slaying of [[Isildur]] as a legend. The second part of the narration, titled ''The sources of the legend of Isildur's death'', gives an account of the origin of the legend as surmises surrounding Isildur's death such as finding of [[Star of Elendil|Elendilmir]] after [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] came to the crown of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].

==Synopsis==
The story begins with Isildur taking up Elendilmir and declaring his sovereignty over Arnor and Gondor. He had spent a year in Gondor after the [[War of the Last Alliance]] to restore its order and define its bounds. Hence, he was eager to see his wife and his youngest son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] who were at [[Rivendell]] in Elrond's care. He also had a need for a counsel with [[Elrond]]. [[Meneldil]], Isildur's nephew, bade him farewell at the East Gate of the Bridge and Isildur and his company of two hundred war-hardened [[Dúnedain]] along with his three elder sons [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], and [[Ciryon]] made their march to Rivendell through the east side of [[Anduin]].

They were attacked by a host of [[orcs]] on the thirtieth day of their journey, when they were a four days' march from [[Thranduil]]'s realm at the northern borders of [[Gladden Fields]]. Before the first attack began, Isildur ordered his esquire [[Ohtar]] to take the shards of [[Narsil]] and flee along with one other man to Rivendell. Isildur and his men successfully broke the first onslaught, and it seemed to the defenders that their enemy withdrew to the forest. Isildur ordered his men to march forward but even before they had gone a mile the Orcs moved again and gradually surrounded them in a ring, although still staying out of range of the dreaded steel bows of [[Númenor]].

Elendur, who was in his fathers's counsel, asked Isildur whether he could use [[the One Ring]] against their enemy. But Isildur, whose pride had fallen, dreaded the pain of touching the Ring and wished to give the ring to the [[Keepers of the Three Rings|Keepers of the Three]]. Even as they were taking counsel, the second onslaught began with a blast of a horn. Ciryon was slain and Aratan was mortally wounded when he attempted to rescue his brother. When defeat was imminent, Elendur returned to Isildur, and as his last counselor, ordered his father to flee from the battle with the Ring and to take it to the Keepers.

Isildur put on the Ring with a great cry of pain, but Elendilmir of the West blazed forth. Hence Isildur had to pull a hood over his head to vanish. Elendur, who was most like his grandsire [[Elendil]], perished in the battle.

Isildur ran a great distance and reached the banks of the [[Anduin|Great River]], where he shed all his armor, and with just a single short sword in his belt plunged into the river. Even as he swam, the current swept him towards the tangles of the Gladden Fields where the Ring betrayed him. Sudden despair came to him and he would have drowned himself, but the mood passed him as if a great burden had been taken away. He got out of the water, but was shot through the heart and throat with poison arrows by the lurking orc archers on the west bank. He fell back to the water without a single cry, with Elendilmir still on his brow. His body was never found by men or elves.

For more details on the battle see ''[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. ''

=== The sources of the legend of Isildur's death ===
Tolkien also explores the possibility of how the above events became known to the historians of Gondor, since everyone was killed.

There were three eye witnesses to this legend. Ohtar, who delivered the shards of Narsil, and his companion were two of them. The third was Elendur's esquire [[Estelmo]], who had heard the counsel taken between the father and the son at Isildur's parting. Estelmo was found alive under Elendur's body. All the others in Isildur's company were lost in the battle. The [[Woodmen]] were able to come and disturb the orcs before they could mutilate the bodies of the dead.

The legend of Isildur's death was formed only during the reign of [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]]. The surmises such as Isildur had the Ring and had fled towards the river, his armor and great sword were found at the banks not far from Gladden Fields and that there were orc archers on the west bank to intercept the escapees who fled the battle to the river was known. The fourth surmise surrounding the legend is that Isildur and the Ring had to be lost in the River together or separately. If Isildur still had the Ring when he reached the west bank, he could have easily eluded the orc archers and traveled to [[Moria]] or [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with the supply of way bread and cordial which every Dúnedain carried in a sealed wallet in his belt. The belt and the wallet were not among the discarded gear found on the east bank.

It was revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]] that the Ring was found, sunk near the edge of the Gladden Fields close to the western banks, and that no trace of Isildur's body was found. It was also known at that point that [[Saruman]] had been secretly searching that region.

When Aragorn II ascended to the throne, one of the first tasks he took up was to restore the [[Palantíri|palantír]] recovered from Saruman at [[Orthanc]]. When Orthanc was searched for its secrets, hoards of treasure were discovered. Elendilmir and a gold case attached to a fine chain was found among them, kept in a hidden strong steel closet. Elendilmir (a white star of Elvish crystal set upon ''[[mithril]]'' fillet) descended from [[Silmariën]] to Elendil, was the sign of royalty of the North Kingdom taken by Elendil. Elven smiths of Rivendell had made a copy of Elendilmir for Valandil and was borne by every King and Chieftian of North including Elessar, but it could not match the potency and ancestry of Elendilmir of the West. Aragorn never imperiled Elendilmir once it was recovered.

With the discovery of Saruman's hoard, it was evident that Isildur could have only fallen to shallow water. For if he had fallen to deep waters, the water of the Great River would have taken his body to a great distance, and Elendilmir would never have been discovered. But the remnants of the body of Isildur was never to be found in Orthanc. The possibility that Saruman could have dishonored them in one of his furnaces still remains.

[[fr:tolkien/resumes/cli/le desastre des champs d iris]]
[[fi:Kurjenmiekkakenttien murhenäytelmä (KTK)]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-07-30T02:38:21Z

Brahm.zhao:

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-07-30T02:34:55Z

Brahm.zhao: Grammatical revisions

A Description of the Island of Númenor

2025-07-30T01:56:26Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''''A Description of the Island of Númenor''''', first chapter of the second part in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', was written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. As the title indicates, it contains a description of the island of [[Númenor]], also called [[Elenna]], comprising its geography, flora, fauna and last, but not least, its people.

==Synopsis==
After a short introduction detailing the (imaginary) sources for the account itself, the author describes the shape of the island, a star with 5 promontories, called as follows:

*[[Forostar]], the Northlands
*[[Andustar]], the Westlands
*[[Hyarnustar]], the Southwestlands
*[[Hyarrostar]], the Southeastlands
*[[Orrostar]], the Eastlands

The middle region of the island was the largest province and the most populated area:

*[[Mittalmar]], the Inlands

Here was [[Armenelos]], the City of Kings, as well as the sacred mountain [[Meneltarma]], where religious processions took place, 3 times per year. On its southern slope was [[Noirinan]], the Valley of the Graves. It was guarded by the eagles of [[Manwë]], one of the 2 species of birds mentioned in the chapter, the other being the ''[[Kirinki]]''.

[[File:Christopher Tolkien - Numenore.png|200px|left|thumb|"[[Númenórë (map)|Númenorë]]" by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]
Starting with the Northlands, each promontory is described in turn: Forostar, where the [[Eagles of Manwë]] dwelt and where the mountain [[Sorontil]] stood next to the sea. Andustar, which had 3 bays on its western side, the first being [[Andúnië]], which held the city with the same name, largest in the island and harbor for the [[Elves]] of [[Tol Eressëa|Eressëa]]. Here, the beauty of [[Eldalondë]] is described and its greatest treasures were the majestic trees: [[Oiolairë]], [[Lairelossë]], [[Nessamelda]], [[Vardarianna]], [[Taniquelassë]], [[Yavannamírë]] and [[Malinornë]]. The 2 rivers of the island, [[Nunduinë]] and [[Siril]] flowed on each side of Hyarnustar, while in Hyarrostar grew [[Laurinquë]], a tree whose only purpose was to charm the people with its beauty. Of Orrostar little is told, only that grains could be cultivated in this cold part of the island.

A description of the people follows, mostly [[Edain]] skilled in riding, shaping of terrible war weapons, especially bows and also in building of the ships used to sail towards [[Middle-earth]], the first one to succeed being [[Vëantur]]. Many of the legendary weapons were put to saving here, among them [[Dramborleg|Tuor's axe]] and the bow of [[Bregor]], as well as the [[Ring of Barahir]], the only artifact to survive the [[Downfall of Númenor]].

==See also==
*''[[Akallabêth]]''
{{numenor}}
[[fi:Númenorin saari (KTK)]]
[[Category:Books and documents within the legendarium]]

The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor

2025-07-30T01:50:23Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{ut-chapters}}
'''''The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]]. Less an actual tale, it resembles more a chronicle, consisting of a complete list of the [[King of Númenor|Kings of Númenor]] from the kingdom's foundation, in the year {{SA|32}} to its destruction, year {{SA|3319|n}}.

==Synopsis==

Before the list is detailed, the author and publisher write about the length in life of [[Elros|Elros Tar-Minyatur]]'s line, which was around 400 years and makes the distinction with the other lines of [[Númenóreans]], who's life span was considerably shorter, 200 years or less. But in the latest writing on this subject the distinction in longevity is greatly diminished. To the Númenórean people as a whole is ascribed a life-span some five times the length of that of other Men. What follows is a list of the Númenórean kings, a total of 25. For each of them a short description is made, in which are mentioned the years of their birth, their death and the length of their rule, plus other notable events, if such existed.

The kings and queens depicted are:

1. [[Elros|Elros Tar-Minyatur]] 
2. [[Vardamir|Tar-Vardamir]] 
3. [[Tar-Amandil]] 
4. [[Tar-Elendil]] 
5. [[Tar-Meneldur]] 
6. [[Tar-Aldarion]] 
7. [[Tar-Ancalimë]] 
8. [[Tar-Anárion]] 
9. [[Tar-Súrion]] 
10. [[Tar-Telperiën]] 
11. [[Tar-Minastir]] 
12. [[Tar-Ciryatan]] 
13. [[Tar-Atanamir]] 
14. [[Tar-Ancalimon]] 
15. [[Tar-Telemmaitë]] 
16. [[Tar-Vanimeldë]] ¹ 
17. [[Tar-Alcarin]] 
18. [[Ar-Belzagar]] 
19. [[Ar-Abattârik]] 
20. [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]] 
21. [[Ar-Zimrathôn]] 
22. [[Ar-Sakalthôr]] 
23. [[Ar-Gimilzôr]] 
24. [[Tar-Palantir]] 
25. [[Ar-Pharazôn]] 

¹After Tar-Vanimeldë, her husband [[Tar-Anducal]] followed, but he illegally claimed Kingship of Númenor, so he was not counted.

==See also==

*''[[King of Númenor]]''
{{numenor}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Unfinished Tales chapters]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-07-30T01:27:16Z

Brahm.zhao:

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-07-30T01:23:25Z

Brahm.zhao:

The Taming of Sméagol

2025-07-29T23:48:47Z

Brahm.zhao:

{{chapter
| image=Ted Nasmith - No Way Down.jpg
| title=The Taming of Sméagol
| book=The Two Towers
| number=12
| event=[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] meet [[Gollum]] and tame him.
| date=[[26 February|26]]-[[30 February]] {{TA|3019|n}}
| location=[[Emyn Muil]]
| perspective=[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]]
| previous=The Palantír
| next=The Passage of the Marshes
}}

'''The Taming of Sméagol''' is the first chapter of the second book in ''[[The Two Towers]]''.

== Summary ==
The narrative returns to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] on the third day after they departed from their companions at the end of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. The [[Hobbits]] wandered the barren slopes of the mountains called [[Emyn Muil]], striving to make their way to [[Mordor]], but frequently getting lost and having to retrace their steps. Standing on the edge of a tall cliff, they could see the way down into Mordor, but had no way to descend the cliff. Sam complained to Frodo about their desperate situation. He had been lugging cooking gear for days, but there was nothing to cook. The Hobbits survived only on old [[lembas]] cakes, and Sam yearned for a pint of beer and a chunk of bread. He expressed his hope that they had lost [[Gollum]], the creature who had been pursuing them for some time. Frodo agreed, but said that he was more troubled by the unending hills of the landscape, which tortured his feet. He observed that there was no turning back, as [[Orcs|Orc]] warriors now patrolled the banks of the [[Anduin|river]] they had crossed.

Sam and Frodo continued to follow the cliff northward for several more days, finally arriving at a spot where it appeared they might be able to climb down. Sam insisted on going first, against Frodo’s objections. Sam lowered himself down the cliff without looking first to see where he was going, only to be pulled back to the edge by Frodo. The latter then began to climb down himself, when suddenly a great dark shape appeared far overhead with a horrible wind and a crack of thunder. Frodo tried to hide his face in fear, but he lost his foothold and fell down onto a ledge below. It began to rain. Sam suddenly remembered that he had a strong, thin [[Elves|Elf]]-rope in his bag. He measured it out, and found that it was long enough to allow the two hobbits to lower themselves to the ground below.

After descending safely, Sam and Frodo prepared to go onward to Mordor. Sam regretted abandoning the rope, which was still attached to a rock overhead and could not be untied. Suddenly, as if by magic, the rope was released and fell into his hands. Frodo suspected that the knot was not tied well, but both wondered whether it was perhaps enchantment that had freed the rope.

As the hobbits huddled in the cold, Frodo spotted a crawling insect-like creature on a distant cliff, clinging to the wall by its hands. Sam realized the creature was Gollum. As the creature drew nearer, he leapt on Sam. They wrestled. Frodo drew his knife [[Sting]] from its sheath and thrust it against Gollum's neck, forcing him to free Sam and demanding obedience from the creature. Gollum was suddenly subservient and vowed total servitude, but Frodo did not trust him entirely. Gollum suddenly bounded away, attempting escape. The hobbits got him back and harnessed him with the Elf-rope, which caused him great pain. Gollum again vowed obedience, and this time he seemed sincere. The creature led his Hobbit masters onward to Mordor.
==Composition==
After a long hiatus ([[Tolkien]] didn't progress the book during [[1943]]) he resumed in Spring [[1944]], picking up the adventures of Frodo and Sam, and did some "painful work" on this chapter.<ref>{{CG|CG}}, p. xxv</ref><ref>{{L|58}}, p. 69</ref>
{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Taming of Smeagol}}
[[Category:The Two Towers chapters]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2025-07-29T23:17:50Z

Brahm.zhao: