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https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Dain+ironfoot Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en] 2026-06-15T17:19:22Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.41.1 https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Nen_Hithoel&diff=439306 Nen Hithoel 2026-06-12T03:30:02Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: In 'Portrayal in adaptations', reworked the sentence describing it in-game to be more legible.</p> <hr /> <div>{{location infobox<br /> | name=Nen Hithoel<br /> | image=Francesco Amadio - Rauros.jpg<br /> | caption="Rauros" by Francesco Amadio<br /> | pronun={{respell|nen}} {{respell|hith|oil}}<br /> | othernames=<br /> | location=North of [[Rauros]], amid [[Emyn Muil]]<br /> | type=Lake<br /> | description=Long oval lake, pale-coloured<br /> | regions=<br /> | towns=<br /> | inhabitants=<br /> | created=<br /> | destroyed=<br /> | events=[[Breaking of the Fellowship]]<br /> }}<br /> {{quote|The pent waters spread out into a long oval lake, pale Nen Hithoel, fenced by steep grey hills whose sides were clad with trees, but their heads were bare, cold-gleaming in the sunlight.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Great River]]"}}<br /> <br /> '''Nen Hithoel''' was a large lake upon the Great River [[Anduin]] amid the [[Emyn Muil]] to the east of [[Rohan]]. <br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> The lake was approximately 20 miles long from north to south, and 10 miles wide. The lake was formed by a narrow southern outlet and the small island of [[Tol Brandir]], which created a natural dam.<ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref> Upon the lake's northern approach from Anduin the [[Men]] of [[Gondor]] carved the huge pillars of the [[Argonath]] in the reign of [[Rómendacil II]] to mark the northern boundary of their realm,<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> although by the time of the [[War of the Ring]] that boundary has long since receded. At the southern end of the lake stood three steep hills. [[Amon Hen]], the "Hill of Seeing", was upon the western shore and [[Amon Lhaw]], the "Hill of Hearing", was upon the east. The third hill formed the island of [[Tol Brandir]]. None ever set foot upon the island due to its sheer cliffs that rose directly from the river.<ref name="Break">{{FR|II10}}</ref><br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The [[Fellowship of the Ring]] arrived at Nen Hithoel on [[25 February]], {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> and made camp at [[Parth Galen]] close to Amon Hen. The fall of [[Boromir]] and the breaking of the Fellowship occurred soon after. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] took a boat for the eastern shore skirting the southern edge of Tol Brandir,<ref name="Break" /> [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] were captured by [[Orcs]],<ref>{{TT|III3}}</ref> and after sending Boromir's body over the falls in another boat, [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]], calling themselves the ''[[Three Hunters]]'', set out to track the Orcs and find the captive [[Hobbits]].<ref>{{TT|III1}}</ref><br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> ''Nen Hithoel'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Mist-cool Water", from ''[[nen]]'' ("water") + ''[[hîth]]'' ("mist") + ''oel'' ("cool").<ref name="Index">{{HM|UI}}, pp. 327-328</ref> Note that the ([[Noldorin]]) word ''[[oel]]'' appeared in the earlier ''Etymologies'' of the 1930s with the meaning "pool, lake", but this word had changed to (Sindarin) ''[[ael]]'' by the time that ''The Lord of the Rings'' was written, and therefore could not have been an element of the name ''Nen Hithoel''. Compare, for example, ''[[Aelin-uial]]'' with its earlier form ''Oelin-uial''.{{fact}}<br /> <br /> ==Portrayal in adaptations==<br /> [[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Nen Hithoel.jpg|thumb|250px|Nen Hithoel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br /> '''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br /> :Only the western shore of Nen Hithoel is accessible in the game.<br /> <br /> {{references}}<br /> [[Category:Gondor]]<br /> [[Category:Lakes]]<br /> [[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br /> [[de:Nen Hithoel]]<br /> [[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/rhovanion/nen hithoel]]<br /> [[fi:Nen Hithoel]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&diff=422235 Gríma 2025-07-24T16:31:57Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: Tweaked the second sentence in Etymology for better flow.</p> <hr /> <div>{{infobox character<br /> | people=[[Rohirrim|Rohir]]<br /> | name=Gríma<br /> | image=Fabio Leone - Grima son of Galmod.png<br /> | caption=Grima son of Galmod by Fabio Leone<br /> | pronun=<br /> | othernames=''Wormtongue''<br />''Worm''<br /> | titles=<br /> | position=King's Advisor<br /> | location=<br /> | affiliation=[[Théoden]] <br /> [[Saruman]] <br /> [[Sauron]]<br /> | language=[[Rohanese]] and [[Westron]]<br /> | birth=<br /> | birthlocation=<br /> | rule=<br /> | death=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}<ref>{{App|B4}}</ref><br /> | deathlocation=[[Bag End]]<br /> | age=<br /> | notablefor=<br /> | house=<br /> | parentage=[[Gálmód]]<br /> | siblings=<br /> | spouse=<br /> | children=<br /> | gender=Male<br /> | height=<br /> | hair=<br /> | eyes=Dark<ref name=Golden/><br /> | clothing=<br /> | weapons=Knife<br /> | steed=<br /> }}<br /> '''Gríma Wormtongue''' was the chief counsellor of King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]] and the son of [[Gálmód]].<ref name="Golden" /> He became [[Saruman]]'s mole at the court of [[Edoras]], relaying to him the happenings in realm as well as weakening Théoden with his words and poisons. His treachery revealed and unwilling to ride to war against the [[Sauron|Enemy]], Gríma fled to [[Isengard]] and later to the [[Shire]], where he slew his abusive master only to be shot down by the [[Hobbits]]' arrows.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Gríma son of Gálmód was the advisor of Théoden, King of Rohan in the late [[Third Age]]. At some point, Gríma was ensnared by the corrupted [[Istari|Wizard]] Saruman, who had promised him [[Éowyn]] in exchange for the former acting as his spy and agent. Gríma not only informed Saruman about the secrets and movements of Rohan, but also actively worked to weaken the ailing Théoden with his deceitful counsels and subtle poisons administered as remedies for the easing of old age. Seeing that [[Théodred]] and [[Éomer]] were the main obstacles to the Wizard's takeover of the kingdom, Gríma tried to cause disagreement between the two men and when he failed, he instead resolved to paint Théodred as a soft-hearted heir and Éomer as a power-hungry warmonger in the clouded mind of Théoden. Wormtongue's exploits allowed Saruman to aid Rohan's enemies and amass a significant host in Isengard unfettered, much to both the [[Dark Lord]] Sauron's and his own advantage. <br /> <br /> During the [[War of the Ring]], the Nine [[Nazgûl]] came to Rohan on their hunt for the [[Ring-bearer]] and stumbled upon Gríma on their way, the latter whom was hurrying to Isengard to tell Saruman of the Wizard [[Gandalf]]'s arrival in Edoras. Terrified, Wormtongue answered their questioning with those same news that the Grey Pilgrim had passed through Rohan, and also told them where the [[The Shire|Shire]] was and how to reach it. He also revealed that Saruman had lied to them in order to deny them this information, a sign of his only half-hearted faith to their common master, Sauron. Seeing that Wormtongue would not betray their interrogation of him to the Wizard and believing his opportunism may continue to be of use to the Dark Lord and do harm to the treacherous Wizard, the [[Witch-king of Angmar]] spared Gríma's life.<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref><br /> <br /> Upon Gandalf's second coming to Edoras, Gríma tried to discredit him, until the White Wizard managed to heal Théoden. After this, "many things which men had missed" were found locked in Gríma's trunk and he was given a grim choice: ride into battle with his liege and so prove his good faith or into exile.<ref name="Golden">{{TT|III6}}</ref> Choosing the latter, he went to dwell with Saruman at [[Orthanc]], where he witnessed the disastrous [[Battle of Isengard]]. Following the confrontation between Saruman and Gandalf, he mistakenly threw a "heavy rock"&mdash;which was actually the ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]]&mdash;at either his master or the outsiders, for "he couldn't decide which he hated the most". Saruman seems to have punished him severely for this act.<ref>{{TT|III10}}</ref><br /> [[File:Ted Nasmith - Saruman is Overtaken.jpg|thumb|left|''Saruman is Overtaken'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br /> While being held in [[Orthanc]], Gríma became weak and thin and was subjected to Saruman's mistreatment of him. When [[Treebeard]] released him and Saruman in August, they left and headed west. On their way, they were confronted by Gandalf, [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]] and the Hobbits on their way to northern [[Dunland]]. They found them as travelling beggars and Saruman kicked Gríma to move on, as he exclaimed how he hated his master. Galadriel told Gríma that he was free to leave him whenever he wished but he did not reply and he continued to follow the Wizard.<ref>{{RK|Partings}}</ref><br /> <br /> Saruman had already been exerting his control over the Shire from afar by sending [[ruffians|evil Men]] there and puppeteering [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]'s rise to power, thus the fallen Wizard sought his revenge in petty tyranny as "Sharkey" over the Hobbits who indirectly ensured his downfall. During this time Gríma became increasingly degraded until he was a crawling wretch, almost resembling [[Gollum]], and Saruman shortened his nickname to "Worm" in derision. During this time he murdered the now-useless Lotho on his master's orders, and may have eaten him.<ref name="RKVI8">{{RK|VI8}}</ref><br /> <br /> The return of [[Frodo Baggins]] and his companions to the Shire resulted in the Hobbits rallying against the brigands and overthrowing Sharkey. Spurred by the words of Frodo that he did not have to follow Saruman, and being pushed over the edge when Saruman scorned him yet again, Gríma used a hidden knife to slit the throat of his oppressor from behind and then darted down the road. He was quickly shot dead by several Hobbit arrows, and thus Wormtongue was the final casualty of the War of the Ring, an unhappy and short-lived wretch who sold his soul to the side of the Enemy and paid the price for his folly.<ref name="RKVI8" /><br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> ''Gríma'' means "mask", "visor", "helmet" or "spectre" in [[Old English]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 404</ref><ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.bosworthtoller.com/ Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]|articleurl=https://bosworthtoller.com/17508|articlename=gríma|accessed=24 July 2025}}</ref> According to [[Jim Allan]] this is a good name for a traitor who hides his true face as well as his lust for Éowyn.<ref>{{HM|IE}}, "Giving of Names", p. 217</ref><br /> <br /> ''Wormtongue'' is a modernised form of [[Old English]] ''wyrm-tunge'' ("snake-tongue").<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Wormtongue''', p. 764</ref><br /> <br /> ==Genealogy==<br /> {{familytree/start}}<br /> {{familytree| GAL | |GAL=[[Gálmód]]<br /><small>''fl. late {{TA}}''</small>}}<br /> {{familytree| |!| | |}}<br /> {{familytree| GRI | |GRI='''GRÍMA'''<br /><small>''d. {{TA|3019}}''</small>}}<br /> {{familytree/end}}<br /> <br /> ==Inspiration==<br /> J. Allard suggests that Gríma was based on or inspired by Unferth from ''[[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]'', a character that sits near King Hrothgar and serves as a taunter.<ref>J. Allard, ''Beowulf and Other Stories'' (2014) p. 45-7</ref><br /> <br /> ==Other versions of the legendarium==<br /> When initially conceived, the character is introduced as "a wizened [struck out: old] figure of a man with a pale wise face". While he is first named "Wormtongue", his "true name" is initially ''Frána''.<ref>{{TI|King}}</ref>{{rp|386}}<br /> <br /> ==Portrayal in adaptations==<br /> ===Gríma in adaptations===<br /> <gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px"><br /> File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]<br /> File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]<br /> File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|Gríma Wormtongue in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br /> File:Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game) - Gríma Wormtongue.png|Gríma Wormtongue in ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]''<br /> </gallery><br /> '''1956: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)]]'':'''<br /> :[[Bernard Rebel]] played Gríma.<br /> <br /> '''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''<br /> :Gríma Wormtongue was voiced by [[Michael Deacon]].<br /> <br /> '''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''<br /> :[[John Vickery]] played Gríma.<br /> '''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''<br /> :[[Paul Brooke]] played Gríma. He is introduced much earlier than in the book in excerpts from [[The Hunt for the Ring]] when he is questioned by the Nazgûl on his way to Isengard. His death at Bag End is also included in the final episode.<br /> <br /> '''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''<br /> :Gríma Wormtongue is played by Karl Lieffen.<br /> <br /> '''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br /> :Gríma is played by [[Brad Dourif]]. The reason for Gríma's pale and emaciated appearance in the movie is not entirely clear. Perhaps it is meant to suggest that by throwing in his lot with Saruman he has started down the same path to physical and mental corruption that caused Gollum to become a twisted parody of his original self, although it is just as likely that Jackson simply wanted to make it clear that Wormtongue was one of the "bad guys" in what may seem a large and confusing cast of characters to the audience.<br /> <br /> :The events of "[[The Scouring of the Shire]]" do not appear in the film version, so Saruman's death was moved to an earlier scene. Other than the location, which was moved to the Tower of [[Orthanc]], the manner of their deaths is very much the same. As in the book, Gríma kills Saruman, but by stabbing him in the back, not slitting his throat. Saruman's body then falls from the tower and is impaled on a spiked wheel, one of the remnants of his infernal machines. Gríma himself is shot by an arrow fired by Legolas, thereby mirroring his death in the book. This scene was to have included a line where Saruman blamed Gríma for killing [[Théodred]], replacing Lotho in the context of that scene, but the line was cut out.<br /> <br /> '''2002-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''<br /> :The voice of Gríma is provided by Ivan Gogál.<br /> <br /> '''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br /> :Gríma Wormtongue, having the skill Seeds of Doubt, appears in the instance quest The Wizard's Vale.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tentonhammer.com/node/193712/page/2|articlename=LotRO's Rise of Isengard: The Road to Level 75, Days 4 & 5 - Page 2|dated=5 October 2011|website=[http://www.tentonhammer.com/lotro Tentonhammer.com]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://lotro.allakhazam.com/db/bestiary.html?lotrmob=7509|articlename=Grima Wormtongue (Player)|dated=|website=[http://lotro.allakhazam.com/ Lotro.allakhazam.com/]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> '''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''<br /> :Kirk Thornton did the voicework of Gríma.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0861558/|articlename=Kirk Thornton|dated=|website=[http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> '''2013: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''<br /> :Gríma Wormtongue appears as a minifigure in the video game.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/Gr%C3%ADma_Wormtongue|articlename=Gríma Wormtongue|dated=|website=[http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/LEGO_Wiki Brickipedia]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><br /> {{references}}<br /> {{lordoftheringsfilms}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Grima}}<br /> [[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br /> [[Category:Rohirrim]]<br /> [[Category:Third Age characters]]<br /> [[Category:Servants of Saruman]]<br /> [[Category:Servants of Sauron]]<br /> [[de:Gríma Schlangenzunge]]<br /> [[fi:Gríma]]<br /> [[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes du nord/rohirrim/grima]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&diff=422179 Gríma 2025-07-21T15:14:48Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: Edited a sentence in Appearances for better flow.</p> <hr /> <div>{{infobox character<br /> | people=[[Rohirrim|Rohir]]<br /> | name=Gríma<br /> | image=Fabio Leone - Grima son of Galmod.png<br /> | caption=Grima son of Galmod by Fabio Leone<br /> | pronun=<br /> | othernames=''Wormtongue''<br />''Worm''<br /> | titles=<br /> | position=King's Advisor<br /> | location=<br /> | affiliation=[[Théoden]] <br /> [[Saruman]] <br /> [[Sauron]]<br /> | language=[[Rohanese]] and [[Westron]]<br /> | birth=<br /> | birthlocation=<br /> | rule=<br /> | death=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}<ref>{{App|B4}}</ref><br /> | deathlocation=[[Bag End]]<br /> | age=<br /> | notablefor=<br /> | house=<br /> | parentage=[[Gálmód]]<br /> | siblings=<br /> | spouse=<br /> | children=<br /> | gender=Male<br /> | height=<br /> | hair=<br /> | eyes=Dark<ref name=Golden/><br /> | clothing=<br /> | weapons=Knife<br /> | steed=<br /> }}<br /> '''Gríma Wormtongue''' was the chief counsellor of King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]] and the son of [[Gálmód]].<ref name="Golden" /> He became [[Saruman]]'s mole at the court of [[Edoras]], relaying to him the happenings in realm as well as weakening Théoden with his words and poisons. His treachery revealed and unwilling to ride to war against the [[Sauron|Enemy]], Gríma fled to [[Isengard]] and later to the [[Shire]], where he slew his abusive master only to be shot down by the [[Hobbits]]' arrows.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Gríma son of Gálmód was the advisor of Théoden, King of Rohan in the late [[Third Age]]. At some point, Gríma was ensnared by the corrupted [[Istari|Wizard]] Saruman, who had promised him [[Éowyn]] in exchange for the former acting as his spy and agent. Gríma not only informed Saruman about the secrets and movements of Rohan, but also actively worked to weaken the ailing Théoden with his deceitful counsels and subtle poisons administered as remedies for the easing of old age. Seeing that [[Théodred]] and [[Éomer]] were the main obstacles to the Wizard's takeover of the kingdom, Gríma tried to cause disagreement between the two men and when he failed, he instead resolved to paint Théodred as a soft-hearted heir and Éomer as a power-hungry warmonger in the clouded mind of Théoden. Wormtongue's exploits allowed Saruman to aid Rohan's enemies and amass a significant host in Isengard unfettered, much to both the [[Dark Lord]] Sauron's and his own advantage. <br /> <br /> During the [[War of the Ring]], the Nine [[Nazgûl]] came to Rohan on their hunt for the [[Ring-bearer]] and stumbled upon Gríma on their way, the latter whom was hurrying to Isengard to tell Saruman of the Wizard [[Gandalf]]'s arrival in Edoras. Terrified, Wormtongue answered their questioning with those same news that the Grey Pilgrim had passed through Rohan, and also told them where the [[The Shire|Shire]] was and how to reach it. He also revealed that Saruman had lied to them in order to deny them this information, a sign of his only half-hearted faith to their common master, Sauron. Seeing that Wormtongue would not betray their interrogation of him to the Wizard and believing his opportunism may continue to be of use to the Dark Lord and do harm to the treacherous Wizard, the [[Witch-king of Angmar]] spared Gríma's life.<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref><br /> <br /> Upon Gandalf's second coming to Edoras, Gríma tried to discredit him, until the White Wizard managed to heal Théoden. After this, "many things which men had missed" were found locked in Gríma's trunk and he was given a grim choice: ride into battle with his liege and so prove his good faith or into exile.<ref name="Golden">{{TT|III6}}</ref> Choosing the latter, he went to dwell with Saruman at [[Orthanc]], where he witnessed the disastrous [[Battle of Isengard]]. Following the confrontation between Saruman and Gandalf, he mistakenly threw a "heavy rock"&mdash;which was actually the ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]]&mdash;at either his master or the outsiders, for "he couldn't decide which he hated the most". Saruman seems to have punished him severely for this act.<ref>{{TT|III10}}</ref><br /> [[File:Ted Nasmith - Saruman is Overtaken.jpg|thumb|left|''Saruman is Overtaken'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br /> While being held in [[Orthanc]], Gríma became weak and thin and was subjected to Saruman's mistreatment of him. When [[Treebeard]] released him and Saruman in August, they left and headed west. On their way, they were confronted by Gandalf, [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]] and the Hobbits on their way to northern [[Dunland]]. They found them as travelling beggars and Saruman kicked Gríma to move on, as he exclaimed how he hated his master. Galadriel told Gríma that he was free to leave him whenever he wished but he did not reply and he continued to follow the Wizard.<ref>{{RK|Partings}}</ref><br /> <br /> Saruman had already been exerting his control over the Shire from afar by sending [[ruffians|evil Men]] there and puppeteering [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]'s rise to power, thus the fallen Wizard sought his revenge in petty tyranny as "Sharkey" over the Hobbits who indirectly ensured his downfall. During this time Gríma became increasingly degraded until he was a crawling wretch, almost resembling [[Gollum]], and Saruman shortened his nickname to "Worm" in derision. During this time he murdered the now-useless Lotho on his master's orders, and may have eaten him.<ref name="RKVI8">{{RK|VI8}}</ref><br /> <br /> The return of [[Frodo Baggins]] and his companions to the Shire resulted in the Hobbits rallying against the brigands and overthrowing Sharkey. Spurred by the words of Frodo that he did not have to follow Saruman, and being pushed over the edge when Saruman scorned him yet again, Gríma used a hidden knife to slit the throat of his oppressor from behind and then darted down the road. He was quickly shot dead by several Hobbit arrows, and thus Wormtongue was the final casualty of the War of the Ring, an unhappy and short-lived wretch who sold his soul to the side of the Enemy and paid the price for his folly.<ref name="RKVI8" /><br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The name ''Gríma'' derives from the [[Old English]] or [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word meaning "mask, visor, helmet" or "spectre, larva".<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]] (2008), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 404</ref><ref>Hálfdan Helgason (1991), [http://www.halfdan.is/vestur/nofn.htm#grím ''The Emigration from Iceland to North America: Icelandic first names''], accessed 12 October 2010</ref><ref>Joseph Bosworth, "[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017508 gríma]" at ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'' (online, accessed 12 October 2010)</ref> It is also possible to link the name to the English word "grim", which among other characteristics meant "ugly" in Old English.<ref>Joseph Bosworth, "[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009520 EORL]" at ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'' (online, accessed 12 October 2010)</ref><br /> <br /> ''Wormtongue'' is a modernised form of [[Old English]] ''wyrm-tunge'' ("snake-tongue").<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 764</ref><br /> <br /> ==Genealogy==<br /> {{familytree/start}}<br /> {{familytree| GAL | |GAL=[[Gálmód]]<br /><small>''fl. late {{TA}}''</small>}}<br /> {{familytree| |!| | |}}<br /> {{familytree| GRI | |GRI='''GRÍMA'''<br /><small>''d. {{TA|3019}}''</small>}}<br /> {{familytree/end}}<br /> <br /> ==Inspiration==<br /> J. Allard suggests that Gríma was based on or inspired by Unferth from ''[[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]'', a character that sits near King Hrothgar and serves as a taunter.<ref>J. Allard, ''Beowulf and Other Stories'' (2014) p. 45-7</ref><br /> <br /> ==Other versions of the legendarium==<br /> When initially conceived, the character is introduced as "a wizened [struck out: old] figure of a man with a pale wise face". While he is first named "Wormtongue", his "true name" is initially ''Frána''.<ref>{{TI|King}}</ref>{{rp|386}}<br /> <br /> ==Portrayal in adaptations==<br /> ===Gríma in adaptations===<br /> <gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px"><br /> File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]<br /> File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]<br /> File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|Gríma Wormtongue in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br /> File:Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game) - Gríma Wormtongue.png|Gríma Wormtongue in ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]''<br /> </gallery><br /> '''1956: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)]]'':'''<br /> :[[Bernard Rebel]] played Gríma.<br /> <br /> '''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''<br /> :Gríma Wormtongue was voiced by [[Michael Deacon]].<br /> <br /> '''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''<br /> :[[John Vickery]] played Gríma.<br /> '''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''<br /> :[[Paul Brooke]] played Gríma. He is introduced much earlier than in the book in excerpts from [[The Hunt for the Ring]] when he is questioned by the Nazgûl on his way to Isengard. His death at Bag End is also included in the final episode.<br /> <br /> '''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''<br /> :Gríma Wormtongue is played by Karl Lieffen.<br /> <br /> '''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br /> :Gríma is played by [[Brad Dourif]]. The reason for Gríma's pale and emaciated appearance in the movie is not entirely clear. Perhaps it is meant to suggest that by throwing in his lot with Saruman he has started down the same path to physical and mental corruption that caused Gollum to become a twisted parody of his original self, although it is just as likely that Jackson simply wanted to make it clear that Wormtongue was one of the "bad guys" in what may seem a large and confusing cast of characters to the audience.<br /> <br /> :The events of "[[The Scouring of the Shire]]" do not appear in the film version, so Saruman's death was moved to an earlier scene. Other than the location, which was moved to the Tower of [[Orthanc]], the manner of their deaths is very much the same. As in the book, Gríma kills Saruman, but by stabbing him in the back, not slitting his throat. Saruman's body then falls from the tower and is impaled on a spiked wheel, one of the remnants of his infernal machines. Gríma himself is shot by an arrow fired by Legolas, thereby mirroring his death in the book. This scene was to have included a line where Saruman blamed Gríma for killing [[Théodred]], replacing Lotho in the context of that scene, but the line was cut out.<br /> <br /> '''2002-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''<br /> :The voice of Gríma is provided by Ivan Gogál.<br /> <br /> '''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br /> :Gríma Wormtongue, having the skill Seeds of Doubt, appears in the instance quest The Wizard's Vale.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tentonhammer.com/node/193712/page/2|articlename=LotRO's Rise of Isengard: The Road to Level 75, Days 4 & 5 - Page 2|dated=5 October 2011|website=[http://www.tentonhammer.com/lotro Tentonhammer.com]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://lotro.allakhazam.com/db/bestiary.html?lotrmob=7509|articlename=Grima Wormtongue (Player)|dated=|website=[http://lotro.allakhazam.com/ Lotro.allakhazam.com/]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> '''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''<br /> :Kirk Thornton did the voicework of Gríma.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0861558/|articlename=Kirk Thornton|dated=|website=[http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> '''2013: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''<br /> :Gríma Wormtongue appears as a minifigure in the video game.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/Gr%C3%ADma_Wormtongue|articlename=Gríma Wormtongue|dated=|website=[http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/LEGO_Wiki Brickipedia]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><br /> {{references}}<br /> {{lordoftheringsfilms}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Grima}}<br /> [[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br /> [[Category:Rohirrim]]<br /> [[Category:Third Age characters]]<br /> [[Category:Servants of Saruman]]<br /> [[Category:Servants of Sauron]]<br /> [[de:Gríma Schlangenzunge]]<br /> [[fi:Gríma]]<br /> [[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes du nord/rohirrim/grima]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cats&diff=421769 Cats 2025-07-04T13:13:31Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: Changed 'to' in the last line of 'The cats of Queen Beruthiel' to 'of', just makes it flow better.</p> <hr /> <div>{{disambig-more|Cats|[[Cat (disambiguation)]]}}<br /> [[Image:Paula DiSante - Reporting to Beruthiel.JPG|right|250px|thumb|[[Berúthiel]] and the white cat, by [[Paula DiSante]]]]<br /> {{quote|It won't sound too pretty to say you've caught the kitten and let the cat escape.|[[Gorbag]] in ''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[Shelob's Lair (chapter)|Shelob's Lair]]"}}<br /> <br /> '''Cats''' were animals that lived in [[Arda]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Other than use as company, for which the [[Hobbits]] and [[Bree-men|Bree-folk]] used pets,<ref name="RitD" /><ref name="Sign" /> cats were used for the hunt<ref name="XR" /> and for spying.<ref name="UTI7" /> They were soft-footed,<ref name="XR">{{TT|Journey}}</ref> keensighted<ref name="Journey" /> and agile.<ref name="Cirith">{{TT|Stairs}}</ref><br /> <br /> ===The cats of Queen Berúthiel===<br /> {{main|Cats of Queen Berúthiel}}<br /> In the late ninth and possibly early tenth century of the [[Third Age]], [[Berúthiel]], wife of [[Tarannon Falastur]], the twelfth [[King of Gondor]], kept cats, nine black and one white. The marriage of Tarannon and Berúthiel was not a pleasant one: his love for the [[Belegaer|Sea]] drove her mad. She hated all making, all colours and elaborate adornment, and spent much of her time in her austere chambers with her ten cats. She hated all making, all colours and elaborate adornment, and sent her cats out to spy on everyone, learning their dark secrets. Berúthiel conversed with the cats and may have been able to read their memory. She even set the white cat to spy on the others, to torment them. The cats were feared and reviled in [[Gondor]], and people cursed upon seeing them. Berúthiel's reign of terror only came to an end at last when Tarannon banished her from the realm. He put her and her cats alone on a ship and set it adrift before a north wind. Berúthiel and her cats were last seen passing [[Umbar]], sailing away into the southern seas.<ref name="UTI7">{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> <br /> <br /> All memory of them was erased (and the [[Book of the Kings]]), though legends of the cats and their ability to spy remain.<ref name="UTI7" /><ref name="Journey">{{FR|Journey}}</ref><br /> <br /> ===Other cats===<br /> Though there are no other cats that play a large role in history, some are mentioned in [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] folklore (for example, the Hobbit poem ''[[Cat (poem)|Cat]]''<ref name="Cat">{{ATB|12}}</ref>). [[Bob]], the ostler of the [[Prancing Pony]], had a cat. After [[Frodo Baggins]] sang ''[[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]'' (in which the ostler of an unnamed inn had a tipsy cat that played a five stringed fiddle), several patrons suggested that he had to do the same.<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> Similarly, a cat, or "four-legs", was part of an old [[Riddle-game|riddle]] [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] asked [[Gollum]].<ref name="RitD">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> <br /> <br /> ==Other versions of the legendarium==<br /> One of the more important cats in the development of the [[legendarium]] was [[Tevildo]], the Prince of Cats. Mentioned only in early writings of ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', Tevildo was a demonic servant of [[Melko]], who would eventually be replaced by [[Sauron]].<ref>{{LT1|Music}}, p. 52</ref> He is the principal antagonist in ''[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]''.<ref>{{LT2|I}}, passim; see pp. 53-6</ref> Other cats appearing in ''The Tale of Tinúviel'' include [[Miaulë]], [[Oikeroi]], and [[Umuiyan]].<br /> <br /> In this early stages of the [[Elvish]] languages, the [[Gnomish]] vocabulary about cats was ''miog'' ("cat"), ''miaug''/''miog'' ("tom cat"), ''miaulin'' ("she cat").<ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 57</ref> The [[Qenya]] word for "cat" is ''meoi''.<ref>{{LT2|Appendix}}, entry "Tevildo"</ref> Later Qenya words were ''miue'' ("cat"), ''titse'' ("kitten").<ref>{{PE|21}}, pp. 12-13, 20, 27</ref><br /> <br /> ==Other writings==<br /> [[Tinker]] was a "large black cat" appearing in the novella ''[[Roverandom]]''. She lived with [[Rover]] in the same house.<ref>{{Rover|1}}</ref><br /> <br /> At the end of Rover's adventures, Tinker did not believe a single word about Rover's adventures because of she was jealous of him.<ref>{{Rover|5}}</ref><br /> <br /> ==Inspiration==<br /> Especially in the case of Berúthiel and Tevildo, cats in Middle-earth are portrayed in a negative light. It could be argued that Tolkien was not a cat-person. When a cat-breeder asked permission to use names from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' for her cats, Tolkien replied to [[Allen and Unwin|Allen & Unwin]]: <br /> {{blockquote|I fear that to me Siamese cats belong to the fauna of Mordor, but you need not tell the cat breeder that.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 219]] (dated [[14 October|October 14]], [[1959]])}}<br /> <br /> ==Portrayal in adaptations== <br /> <br /> '''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br /> :Cats are found throughout Middle-earth, especially in Bree-land. There is a "cat lady" who has a house full of cats. Lore-masters can also have a non-combat cat pet.<br /> <br /> {{references}}<br /> [[Category:Cats| ]]<br /> [[Category:Servants of Melkor]]<br /> <br /> [[de:Katzen]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cats&diff=421768 Cats 2025-07-04T13:10:05Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: Fixed a typo in the 'Other writings' section.</p> <hr /> <div>{{disambig-more|Cats|[[Cat (disambiguation)]]}}<br /> [[Image:Paula DiSante - Reporting to Beruthiel.JPG|right|250px|thumb|[[Berúthiel]] and the white cat, by [[Paula DiSante]]]]<br /> {{quote|It won't sound too pretty to say you've caught the kitten and let the cat escape.|[[Gorbag]] in ''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[Shelob's Lair (chapter)|Shelob's Lair]]"}}<br /> <br /> '''Cats''' were animals that lived in [[Arda]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Other than use as company, for which the [[Hobbits]] and [[Bree-men|Bree-folk]] used pets,<ref name="RitD" /><ref name="Sign" /> cats were used for the hunt<ref name="XR" /> and for spying.<ref name="UTI7" /> They were soft-footed,<ref name="XR">{{TT|Journey}}</ref> keensighted<ref name="Journey" /> and agile.<ref name="Cirith">{{TT|Stairs}}</ref><br /> <br /> ===The cats of Queen Berúthiel===<br /> {{main|Cats of Queen Berúthiel}}<br /> In the late ninth and possibly early tenth century of the [[Third Age]], [[Berúthiel]], wife of [[Tarannon Falastur]], the twelfth [[King of Gondor]], kept cats, nine black and one white. The marriage of Tarannon and Berúthiel was not a pleasant one: his love for the [[Belegaer|Sea]] drove her mad. She hated all making, all colours and elaborate adornment, and spent much of her time in her austere chambers with her ten cats. She hated all making, all colours and elaborate adornment, and sent her cats out to spy on everyone, learning their dark secrets. Berúthiel conversed with the cats and may have been able to read their memory. She even set the white cat to spy on the others, to torment them. The cats were feared and reviled in [[Gondor]], and people cursed upon seeing them. Berúthiel's reign of terror only came to an end at last when Tarannon banished her from the realm. He put her and her cats alone on a ship and set it adrift before a north wind. Berúthiel and her cats were last seen passing [[Umbar]], sailing away into the southern seas.<ref name="UTI7">{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> <br /> <br /> All memory to them was erased (and the [[Book of the Kings]]), though legends of the cats and their ability to spy remain.<ref name="UTI7" /><ref name="Journey">{{FR|Journey}}</ref><br /> <br /> ===Other cats===<br /> Though there are no other cats that play a large role in history, some are mentioned in [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] folklore (for example, the Hobbit poem ''[[Cat (poem)|Cat]]''<ref name="Cat">{{ATB|12}}</ref>). [[Bob]], the ostler of the [[Prancing Pony]], had a cat. After [[Frodo Baggins]] sang ''[[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]'' (in which the ostler of an unnamed inn had a tipsy cat that played a five stringed fiddle), several patrons suggested that he had to do the same.<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> Similarly, a cat, or "four-legs", was part of an old [[Riddle-game|riddle]] [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] asked [[Gollum]].<ref name="RitD">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> <br /> <br /> ==Other versions of the legendarium==<br /> One of the more important cats in the development of the [[legendarium]] was [[Tevildo]], the Prince of Cats. Mentioned only in early writings of ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', Tevildo was a demonic servant of [[Melko]], who would eventually be replaced by [[Sauron]].<ref>{{LT1|Music}}, p. 52</ref> He is the principal antagonist in ''[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]''.<ref>{{LT2|I}}, passim; see pp. 53-6</ref> Other cats appearing in ''The Tale of Tinúviel'' include [[Miaulë]], [[Oikeroi]], and [[Umuiyan]].<br /> <br /> In this early stages of the [[Elvish]] languages, the [[Gnomish]] vocabulary about cats was ''miog'' ("cat"), ''miaug''/''miog'' ("tom cat"), ''miaulin'' ("she cat").<ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 57</ref> The [[Qenya]] word for "cat" is ''meoi''.<ref>{{LT2|Appendix}}, entry "Tevildo"</ref> Later Qenya words were ''miue'' ("cat"), ''titse'' ("kitten").<ref>{{PE|21}}, pp. 12-13, 20, 27</ref><br /> <br /> ==Other writings==<br /> [[Tinker]] was a "large black cat" appearing in the novella ''[[Roverandom]]''. She lived with [[Rover]] in the same house.<ref>{{Rover|1}}</ref><br /> <br /> At the end of Rover's adventures, Tinker did not believe a single word about Rover's adventures because of she was jealous of him.<ref>{{Rover|5}}</ref><br /> <br /> ==Inspiration==<br /> Especially in the case of Berúthiel and Tevildo, cats in Middle-earth are portrayed in a negative light. It could be argued that Tolkien was not a cat-person. When a cat-breeder asked permission to use names from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' for her cats, Tolkien replied to [[Allen and Unwin|Allen & Unwin]]: <br /> {{blockquote|I fear that to me Siamese cats belong to the fauna of Mordor, but you need not tell the cat breeder that.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 219]] (dated [[14 October|October 14]], [[1959]])}}<br /> <br /> ==Portrayal in adaptations== <br /> <br /> '''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br /> :Cats are found throughout Middle-earth, especially in Bree-land. There is a "cat lady" who has a house full of cats. Lore-masters can also have a non-combat cat pet.<br /> <br /> {{references}}<br /> [[Category:Cats| ]]<br /> [[Category:Servants of Melkor]]<br /> <br /> [[de:Katzen]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BArin&diff=421763 Túrin 2025-07-04T02:18:41Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: Fixed the typo 'victroy' in the Etymology section.</p> <hr /> <div>{{disambig-more|Túrin|[[Túrin (disambiguation)]]}}<br /> {{disambig-two|the tragic hero of the [[First Age]]|[[Kings of Gondor|King]] of [[Gondor]]|[[Turambar (King of Gondor)]]}}<br /> {{infobox character<br /> | people=[[Edain|Adan]]<br /> | name=Túrin Turambar <br /> | image=Elena Kukanova - The Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin.jpg<br /> | caption="The Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin" by [[Elena Kukanova]]<br /> | pronun=<br /> | othernames=Woodwose, ''Neithan'', ''Gorthol'', ''Agarwaen'', ''Mormegil'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />([[#Other names|See below]])<br /> | titles=Prince of [[Dor-lómin]]<br />Lord of [[Dor-Cúarthol]]<br />Captain of the [[Gaurwaith]]<br /> | position=<br /> | location=[[Dor-lómin]], [[Doriath]], [[Dor-Cúarthol]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Brethil]]<br /> | affiliation=[[Marchwardens]], [[Gaurwaith]], [[Two Captains]]<ref group=note>Both Beleg and Túrin were referred to as this by the leaderless [[Elves]] and [[Men]] who had been dispossessed through battle and defeat, came to [[Dor-Cúarthol]] seeking the Bow and Helm that supposedly fell within [[Dimbar]].</ref><ref>{{CH|8}}, pp. 145-146</ref><br /> | language=[[Sindarin]]<br />[[Halethian]]<ref name=Rosnotes/><br /> | birth={{FA|464}}<br /> | birthlocation=[[Dor-lómin]], [[Hithlum]]<br /> | rule=<br /> | death={{FA|499}}<br /> | deathlocation=[[Cabed-en-Aras]] (suicide)<br /> | age=35<br /> | notablefor=destruction of [[Nargothrond]];<br/>impulsive pride;<br/>slaying of [[Glaurung]];<br/>suicide<br /> | house=[[House of Hador]]<br /> | parentage=[[Húrin]] and [[Morwen]]<br /> | siblings=[[Urwen]] and [[Nienor]]<br /> | spouse=[[Nienor|Níniel]]<br /> | children=Unborn at Níniel's death<br /> | gender=Male<br /> | height=Tall<ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref><br /> | hair=Dark<ref name="Childhood">{{CH|1}}</ref><br /> | eyes=Grey<ref name="Turin"/> or blue<ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref><br /> | clothing=[[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], elven mail, grey tunic and cloak<ref name="Outlaws">{{CH|6}}</ref><br />[[Dwarf-masks|Dwarf-mask]]<ref name="Turin" /><br /> | weapons=[[Anglachel]]/[[Gurthang]]<br /> | steed=<br /> }}<br /> <center>{{Quote|He was dark-haired as his mother and promised to be like her in mood also; for he was not merry and spoke little, though he learned to speak early and ever seemed older than his years. Túrin was slow to forget injustice or mockery, but his father's fire was also in him, and he could be sudden and fierce. Yet he was quick to pity, and the hurts or sadness of living things might move him to tears.|''[[The Children of Húrin]]'', "[[The Childhood of Túrin]]"}}</center><br /> <br /> '''Túrin Turambar''' was a tragic hero of the [[First Age]] whose life was dominated by the curse of the [[Morgoth|Enemy]]. His deeds became the tale called ''[[Narn i Chîn Húrin (tale)|Narn i Chîn Húrin]]'' ("The Tale of the Children of Húrin"). <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[Image:Alan Lee - The Childhood of Túrin.jpg|thumb|left|''The Childhood of Túrin'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br /> ===Dor Lómin===<br /> Túrin was the only son of [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]] and [[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]]. He had a younger sister [[Urwen]] whom everyone called ''Lalaith'', but she died in childhood from the [[Evil Breath]], the first grievous event in Túrin's life. After Húrin was captured in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), Túrin remained with his mother Morwen, who hid him from the [[Easterlings]] that [[Morgoth]] had sent to [[Hithlum]], fearing they would kill Túrin or enslave him.<br /> <br /> Túrin was friends with [[Sador]], their household servant whom he helped in his work. Sador taught him many things and carved several things for him from wood.<ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 41</ref><br /> <br /> ===Doriath===<br /> When Túrin was nine years old, Morwen sent him to [[Doriath]], away from his beloved mother and best friend, causing his heart to break for the third time since the curse was cast on him. She sent with him [[Gethron]] and [[Grithnir]], long-time servants, to Húrin's house. Shortly after they departed from Dor-Lómin, Túrin's second sister, [[Nienor]], was born. The road there was long and difficult, and the three travelers came close to dying of hunger and cold in the very outlying woods of their destination, but they were rescued by [[Beleg]]. In Doriath he was adopted by King [[Thingol]] as a son, being that his father Húrin was held in high honor in those lands. Thingol and Melian sent messengers inviting Túrin's mother to come to live in Doriath, which she declined, much to Túrin's grief.<ref>{{CH|4}}</ref><br /> [[File:Anke Eißmann - Túrin begs leave of Thingol and Melian.jpg|150px|left|thumb|''Túrin begs leave of Thingol and Melian'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]<br /> In Doriath, Túrin learned many skills, such as hunting, woodcraft, archery, sword fighting, and speaking [[Sindarin]]. As he grew older, however, he became restless. He began inquiring about the Men of the North, as Thingol and Morwen frequently exchanged news for Túrin's sake. Through these messages, he learned of his younger sister Nienor, although he never saw her. As Morgoth's hold on the North increased, and news from Hithlum grew scarce, Túrin sought to travel there to join the fight against the Dark Lord and find out about his kin. He asked the King's permission to join [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]] in the northern marches of Doriath, fighting the [[Orcs]] of Morgoth. He wore the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], which was sent by his mother and brought to him by Thingol's messengers, and the Orcs began to fear him more than any other.<ref name="Doriath">{{CH|5}}</ref><br /> <br /> Upon returning, Túrin accidentally caused the death of [[Saeros]], one of Thingol's counselors who had provoked and attacked him. Before he could be either punished or forgiven, he fled,<ref name="Doriath" /> eventually meeting up with a band of outlaws, the [[Gaurwaith]] who dwelt south of the [[Forest of Brethil]]. There he was only known by the epithet '''''Neithan''''' ("The Wronged"). Túrin killed their leader [[Forweg]] and became their leader in his place. During his rule, he stopped the outlaws from raiding houses of Men, and only hunted Orcs.<ref name="Outlaws">{{CH|6}}</ref><br /> <br /> ===Dor-Cúarthol===<br /> In the meantime, Beleg Cúthalion obtained leave from Thingol to seek out his friend.<ref>{{CH|5}}, p. 96</ref> Beleg found Túrin's outlaws at their camp, and when he could not persuade his friend to leave the outlaws, he left to return to Doriath.<ref name="Outlaws" /> While they were parted, and after such a long time living in the wild, Túrin's band captured [[Mîm]] the [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarf]]. Mîm was forced to share his [[House of Ransom|halls]] on [[Amon Rûdh]] with them.<ref>{{CH|7}}</ref> <br /> [[File:Elena Kukanova - Strongbow and Dragonhelm.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Strongbow and Dragonhelm'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]<br /> At Doriath, Beleg asked to be able to join his friend. Thingol allowed this and also gave him the black sword [[Anglachel]], and [[Melian]] gave him ''[[lembas]]''. Beleg returned to Túrin that winter, healing those of the band that had become sick with cold. Beleg brought with him the Dragon-helm, and the area around Amon Rûdh became known as '''[[Dor-Cúarthol]]''', the "Land of Bow and Helm" (since Beleg was known as a mighty bowman). Túrin took the name '''''Gorthol''''', "The Dread Helm". Many warriors joined them, and much of [[West Beleriand]] was freed from evil for a while.<br /> <br /> Eventually, Túrin was betrayed by Mîm, and he was captured and all his men slain.<ref>{{CH|8}}</ref> Beleg survived and rescued Túrin from the Orcs in [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]] with the help of [[Gwindor]], an escaped slave of Morgoth, but Túrin accidentally killed Beleg with Beleg's sword Anglachel. Gwindor led Túrin, dazed, to the [[Pools of Ivrin]], where he came back to his senses.<ref>{{CH|9}}</ref><br /> <br /> ===Nargothrond===<br /> Gwindor then led Túrin to [[Nargothrond]], where once he had lived. In Nargothrond Túrin hid his name, calling himself '''''[[Agarwaen]], son of [[Úmarth]]''''' ("Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"). He had Anglachel reforged and named it [[Gurthang]] ("Iron of Death"). [[Finduilas]], daughter of [[Orodreth]], fell in love with him, but he avoided her because she had previously been the beloved of his friend Gwindor. Túrin declined to tell her his name, so she called him '''''Thurin''''' ("The Secret"). He was also called '''''Adanedhel''''' ("Man-Elf") because he was so like an Elf, though he was a [[Men|Man]].<ref>{{CH|10}}</ref> <br /> <br /> His identity did not remain hidden for long. Gwindor revealed to [[Finduilas]] that 'Agarwaen' was in fact Túrin, and 'Úmarth' his famous father [[Húrin]]. Whether the news is reached Finduilas' father, King [[Orodreth]], Túrin was given great honor and standing. Túrin believed revealing his identity thus would also bring home Morgoth's curse. <ref group="note">[[Christopher Tolkien]] makes clear that this was not the case. Cf. {{CH|Introduction}}, p. 18.</ref><br /> [[File:Donato Giancola - Sack of Nargothrond.jpeg|thumb|200px|''Sack of Nargothrond'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]<br /> Túrin became a chief counselor of the weak Orodreth and was highly influential in Nargothrond. He encouraged the [[Elves of Nargothrond]] to abandon their practice of secrecy, and they built a great bridge before the gates. Because of his prowess with Gurthang, he became known as '''''Mormegil''''' ("Black Sword").<br /> Morgoth sent the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Glaurung]] to Nargothrond. Túrin was caught by the powerful gaze of Glaurung and stood by idly as Finduilas was dragged away, calling to him, a captive for Morgoth. Glaurung deceived him into believing Morwen and Nienor were suffering in Dor-lómin, and Túrin abandoned Finduilas to seek out his kin. In actuality, Morwen and Nienor were safely in Doriath, as Túrin's efforts had made the way passable.<br /> <br /> Once in Dor-lómin, Túrin found his old home empty. He went to the wooden halls of the Easterling lord [[Brodda]], who had taken Húrin's kinswoman [[Aerin]] as a wife and had taken Húrin's lands and possessions. From Aerin, Túrin learned that Morwen had left, and in his rage he killed Brodda, thereby sealing Aerin's fate. As an unintended consequence of Túrin’s problematic heroism, Aerin immolated herself alive in her halls, and the remainder of the [[House of Hador]] were persecuted by the Easterlings even more cruelly than before.<br /> <br /> Túrin next tried to find Finduilas, but by the time he picked up the Orc's trail he came too late: the woodsmen of [[Brethil]] informed him she had been killed as they had tried to rescue the prisoners of Nargothrond. Túrin collapsed on the mound she was buried in, and was brought to Brethil.<br /> <br /> ===Brethil===<br /> In Brethil, Túrin again took up his life, now calling himself '''''Turambar''''' ("Master of Fate") in the act of bravado, deciding that his curse was now finally over. One day he found a naked young woman on [[Haudh-en-Elleth]], and calling her ''[[Níniel]],'' he later took her as his wife.<br /> <br /> Túrin's happiness ended when Glaurung came near Brethil. Túrin, with two others, set out to kill the dragon, but he was the only one to reach the drake. With his black sword, he killed Glaurung at [[Cabed-en-Aras]] but was hurt and fell in a swoon. As Níniel came to search for him, Glaurung with his last word, revealed to her she was Túrin's sister. Horrified, Níniel killed herself.<br /> <br /> [[File:John Howe - Dragon's Curse.jpg|thumb|200px|''Dragon's Curse'' by [[John Howe]]]]<br /> When Túrin awoke he was told by [[Brandir]], lord of the [[Haladin]] of Brethil what had happened, and he killed Brandir, refusing to believe. When he learned from [[Mablung]] of Doriath who had come to seek him that Brandir had told the truth, he killed himself on [[Gurthang]], his black sword. <br /> <br /> Túrin was buried near Finduilas' grave, and on his tombstone, the Haladin wrote in the [[Angerthas Daeron|Cirth of Doriath]]:<br /> <br /> <blockquote>TÚRIN TURAMBAR DAGNIR GLAURUNGA<br>(''Túrin, Conqueror of Fate, Slayer of Glaurung'')</blockquote><br /> <br /> Beneath that they also wrote:<br /> <br /> <blockquote>NIENOR NÍNIEL</blockquote><br /> <br /> though her body could not be found.<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> Two years later, Morwen and Húrin came separately to Túrin's grave and met for the last time. Morwen passed away that night and Húrin buried her near their son, inscribing her epitaph on the same [[Stone of the Hapless|stone]]. The burial mound survived the [[War of Wrath]] and sinking of Beleriand to become [[Tol Morwen]], the westernmost isle off the coast of [[Lindon]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.<ref>{{S|22}}</ref><br /> <br /> Túrin was a first cousin of [[Tuor]], father of [[Eärendil]]. There are many parallels between the circumstances of their lives (both lost their fathers in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, were raised in part by Elves, spent time as outlaws and as prisoners, and were war-leaders in the greatest [[Noldor]]in fortresses), but the outcome of Tuor's life was quite different. (Even Túrin's coloring was dark, enhancing his resemblance to the Noldorin Elves but further setting him apart from his fair-haired cousin.) The two never actually met, but Tuor did once see his cousin in passing on his way to Gondolin (not an everyday occurrence in the wilds of [[Beleriand]]).<br /> <br /> There were several prophecies that Túrin would return from death. The [[Wise-woman]] [[Andreth]] of the [[Edain]] prophesied that Túrin "in the Last Battle should return from the Dead, and before he left the [[Circles of the World]] for ever should challenge the Great Dragon of Morgoth, [[Ancalagon]] the Black, and deal him the death-stroke."<ref name="Rosnotes">{{PM|Rosnotes}}, ''Note 17'', p. 374</ref><ref group="note">According to Christopher Tolkien, Andreth predicted the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the age in this prophecy making unclear whether it was [[Eärendil]] or Túrin who killed Ancalagon in the War of Wrath.</ref><br /> <br /> According to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], at the end of time Morgoth will return to [[Valinor]] to wage a final battle against the Valar and Túrin will return to "deal unto Morgoth his death and final end."<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 333</ref> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Whether the tragedies in Túrin's life were the result of Morgoth's curse, his own arrogance, or some combination of the two is debatable. Túrin is one of the few heroes of the [[Elder Days]] to have committed suicide and several of the others (such as [[Aerin]], Húrin and Nienor) are connected with his story.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> :''See: [[Túrin (disambiguation)]] and [[Turambar (disambiguation)]]''<br /> <br /> In [[The Etymologies]] Túrin was given as a compound of [[Noldorin|N.]] ''tûr '''victory' and ''ind'' 'heart'.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Quenya]] form of his name was given as ''Turindo''.<ref name=":0">{{LR|P3}}, entry "[[TUR]]"</ref> <br /> <br /> In [[Parma Eldalamberon 22|Late Notes on Verb Structure]], written around [[1969]], Tolkien stated that the [[Quenya]] word ''turindo'' meant 'purposeful mind' or 'strong-will', and that as a name its form was ''Túrin.''<ref>{{PE|22c}}, p. 165</ref><br /> <br /> ==Other names==<br /> Túrin took and was given many names through his life, listed here in chronological order:<br /> <br /> *'''Woodwose''' or '''Wildman of the Woods''', first given by Saeros as an insult, Túrin used it when questioned about his identity by the woodsmen he had rescued.<ref>{{CH|13}}, p. 194</ref><br /> *'''''[[Neithan]]''''', ([[S.]] "The Wronged"), taken by Túrin when he joined the outlaws.<ref>{{CH|6}}, p. 101</ref><br /> *'''''Gorthol''''', ([[S.]] "The Dread Helm"), taken by Túrin when he claimed lordship of Dor-Cúarthol in reference to the Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin.<ref>{{CH|8}}, p. 146</ref><br /> *'''''Agarwaen''''', ''son of [[Úmarth]]'', ([[S.]] "Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"), the names Túrin gave himself and his father while in Nargothrond in an attempt to hide his identity as a child of Húrin.<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 159</ref><br /> *'''''Adanedhel''''', ([[S.]] "Elf-Man"), given to him by the Elves of Nargothrond, who recognized the nobility he had acquired while in Doriath.<ref>{{CH|10}}, pp. 163-164</ref><br /> *'''''[[Thurin]]''''', ([[S.]] "The Secret"), given to him by Finduilas, who doubted that his true name was ''Agarwaen''.<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 165</ref><br /> *'''''Mormegil''''', ([[S.]] "Black Sword"), acquired by Túrin while he dwelt in Nargothrond, in reference to his black sword, [[Gurthang]].<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 160</ref><br /> *'''''Turambar''''', ([[Q.]] "Master of Doom"), taken by Túrin when he lived among the Men of Brethil, signifying his perceived freedom from the curse of Morgoth.<ref>{{CH|13}}, p. 196</ref><br /> *'''''Dagnir Glaurunga''''', ([[S.]] "Glaurung's Bane"), given after he killed Glaurung and carved with [[Angerthas Daeron|Runes of Doriath]] on the [[Stone of the Hapless]].<ref>{{CH|18}}, p. 257</ref><br /> *'''''Naeramarth''''', ([[S.]] "Evilfated"), given within Tolkien's genealogical tree of the [[Half-elven]] kinship.<ref>[[Kinship of the Half-elven]], main image</ref><br /> <br /> ==Genealogy==<br /> {{familytree/start}}<br /> {{familytree | | | BRE | | | | HAL | | HAD | BRE=[[Bregolas]]|HAL=[[Halmir]]|HAD=[[Hador|Hador Lórindol]]}}<br /> {{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!|}}<br /> {{familytree | BEL | | BAR | | HAR |y| GAL | BEL=[[Belegund]]|BAR=[[Baragund]]|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor of Dor-lómin]]|HAR=[[Hareth]]}}<br /> {{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}<br /> {{familytree | | | | | MOR |y| HUR | | HUO | | |MOR=[[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]]|HUR=[[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]]|HUO=[[Huor]]}}<br /> {{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}<br /> {{familytree | | | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | | | TUR='''TÚRIN TURAMBAR'''|LAL=[[Lalaith]]|NIE=[[Nienor]]}}<br /> {{familytree | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | | | |}}<br /> {{familytree/end}}<br /> <br /> ==Other versions of the legendarium==<br /> {{expansion}}<br /> The broad strokes of the story of Túrin in the legendarium originates in Tolkien's attempted [[The Story of Kullervo|retelling]] of Kullervo's tale from [[Elias Lönnrot]]'s [[Kalevala]].<ref>''[[The Story of Kullervo]]''</ref><br /> <br /> In an early linguistic text, the [[Gnomes]] of Nargothrond gave Túrin the name '''''Gormagli''''', which is [[Noldorin]] for "Great Bear". Its cognate in [[Qenya]] is '''''Oromatsilë'''''.<ref>{{PE|13}}</ref>{{rp|149}}<br /> <br /> ==Inspiration==<br /> Unpublished drafts of the story, later edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and published in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series, tell the story in greater detail. These have been carefully edited together with other drafts to form ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'', released in 2007.<br /> <br /> The supposed resemblance of Túrin to figures from medieval tales can be confirmed by part of a letter Tolkien wrote to [[Milton Waldman]] concerning the publication of his works:<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|There is the ''Children of Húrin'', the tragic tale of Túrin Turambar and his sister Níniel — of which Túrin is the hero: a figure that might be said (by people who like that sort of thing, though it is not very useful) to be '''derived from elements in Sigurd the Volsung, Oedipus, and the Finnish Kullervo'''.|[[Letter 131]]}}<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|Again one may detect certain literary influences: the hero's [Túrin's] fight with a great dragon [Glaurung] inevitably suggests comparison with the deeds of '''Sigurd''' and '''Beowulf''', while his unknowing incest with his sister and his subsequent suicide were derived quite consciously from the story of '''Kullervo in the Kalevala'''.|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', Part III, Chapter 1: "Lost Tales"}}<br /> <br /> Túrin shares several common traits with all of the characters below, like coming closer to their fate when attempting to evade it. Another significant trait is their gifted but hot tempered nature and strong will paired with their reluctance to heed wise counsels that would save them from their fate.<br /> <br /> ===Oedipus===<br /> '''[[Wikipedia:Oedipus|Oedipus]]''' was a prince of Thebes, but his parents heard a prophecy that he would cause their demise. To evade it, they order a shepherd to kill him. However the shepherd spares the baby and gives him to a childless family. Oedipus grew ignorant of his heritage; he then heard a prophecy according to which he will kill his father and marry his mother. He left in self-exile to take himself away from his (foster) parents. <br /> <br /> However this brought himself closer to Thebes and his actual parents. On his way, he kills a man who unknown to him, is his actual father, the King of Thebes, fulfilling therefore part of the prophecy. Then he enters the city and after defeating the Sphinx, the people name him to replace the lost King of Thebes; furthermore, Oedipus marries the King's widow, who is in fact his mother.<br /> <br /> Years later, while investigating the death of the former King, he realizes all the truths in his life: the King was the very man he had killed, and furthermore, he and his Queen were his parents. Oedipus blinds himself and leaves in self-exile with his two daughters/half-sisters while his mother/wife strangles herself.<br /> <br /> ===Kullervo===<br /> {{Seealso|Kalevala#Túrin Turambar and Kullervo|l1=Túrin Turambar and Kullervo}}<br /> In the [[Kalevala]], '''[[Wikipedia:Kullervo|Kullervo]]''''s tribe is killed by his uncle, and himself is separated by his family, something that fills him with hate and desire for revenge. As a slave, he uses magic to kill his masters and returns to his tribe; afterwards he seduces a girl, who commits suicide after discovering she is his lost sister.<br /> <br /> Then he repeats his vows: he refuses to hear any words of reconsideration and gets a broadsword which he uses to slay the enemy tribe. On his return, he sees all his family dead. He asks the magic sword to slay him, which replies, and then he falls on it.<br /> <br /> ===Sigurd===<br /> '''[[Wikipedia:Sigurd|Sigurd]]''''s mother marries a King and Sigurd himself is fostered by a Dwarf. The Dwarf tells him about the hoard of the dragon Fafnir (who is his brother) and remakes a broken heirloom sword for him. Sigurd slays Fafnir by waiting for him in a pit, stabbing him with the sword as he passes over it. The gold he wins, however, is cursed.<br /> <br /> ===Balin===<br /> '''[[Wikipedia:Sir Balin|Sir Balin]]''' was a knight of the King Arthur's court in ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' who possessed a magic sword. By this he was unknowingly cursed to slay his own brother. Through a well-meaning act of his, he is further cursed to make the most dolorous strike ever made by man, save only the piercing of Christ's side. Later, while in King Pellam's castle, he kills Pellam's brother and maims Pellam, ruining the castle and making all the surrounding lands into a wasteland, much as Túrin slayed Brodda in his own house and how his pride brought about the destruction of Nargothrond. Eventually, he kills his brother Balan, but is mortally wounded in doing so, and outlives him by only a few hours. They were then both laid in one grave.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *''[[The Children of Húrin]]''<br /> *''[[The Story of Kullervo]]''<br /> *''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun]]''<br /> <br /> {{References|Notes}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Turin}}<br /> {{gaurwaith}}<br /> [[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]<br /> [[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]<br /> [[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br /> [[Category:First Age characters]]<br /> [[Category:Gnomish names]]<br /> [[Category:House of Hador]]<br /> [[Category:Noldorin names]]<br /> [[Category:Rulers in the Great Lands]]<br /> [[Category:Sindarin names]]<br /> [[de:Túrin]]<br /> [[fi:Túrin]]<br /> [[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple de hador/turin]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Of_Maeglin&diff=334036 Of Maeglin 2021-07-31T15:16:43Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Incomplete}}<br /> {{silmarillion-chapters}}<br /> '''Of Maeglin''' is the sixteenth chapter of the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'' section within ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> [[File:Ted Nasmith - Eöl Welcomes Aredhel.jpg|thumb|left|''Eöl welcomes Aredhel'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br /> [[Maeglin]] was the son of [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf and [[Aredhel]], who was also called Ar-Feiniel, the White Lady of the [[Noldor]]. He dwelled in [[Nan Elmoth]] for years, learning what his father would teach him of metals, until he and his mother decided to flee to Gondolin.<br /> <br /> Eöl pursued the two to [[Gondolin]]. When he arrived, he was given two choices, to stay or to die; for Gondolin was the Hidden City, and all that entered were made to stay lest they should tell the whereabouts of the place. He tried to kill Maeglin by throwing a spear at him, but Aredhel threw herself in front of her son and was hit by the spear in the shoulder. She died that night because the wound was poisoned.<br /> <br /> Later, Eöl was cast off of the cliff of [[Caragdûr]] but before he had cried out to Maeglin saying, “here may you yet die the same death as I.”<br /> <br /> Maeglin had a secret love for [[Turgon]]’s daughter, [[Idril]], who was his first cousin. Seeing a darkness in him, Idril did not love him and stayed away from him. Soon, his love turned to darkness; but he kept silent, waiting for his chance. <br /> <br /> He grew mighty in Gondolin, fighting by Turgon’s side in his battles and teaching the folk there what he knew of metals. He also learned much in the Hidden City. He would eventualy suffer the same fate of his father, when Tuor cast Maeglin of Caragdûr in the '''Fall of Gondolin'''<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.entmoot.com/showthread.php?t=9572 Chapter discussion at Entmoot.com]<br /> <br /> [[fr:tolkien/resumes/silm/qs16]]<br /> [[fi:Maeglin (Silmarillion)]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Of_Maeglin&diff=334035 Of Maeglin 2021-07-31T15:15:54Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Incomplete}}<br /> {{silmarillion-chapters}}<br /> '''Of Maeglin''' is the sixteenth chapter of the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'' section within ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> [[File:Ted Nasmith - Eöl Welcomes Aredhel.jpg|thumb|left|''Eöl welcomes Aredhel'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br /> [[Maeglin]] was the son of [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf and [[Aredhel]], who was also called Ar-Feiniel, the White Lady of the [[Noldor]]. He dwelled in [[Nan Elmoth]] for years, learning what his father would teach him of metals, until he and his mother decided to flee to Gondolin.<br /> <br /> Eöl pursued the two to [[Gondolin]]. When he arrived, he was given two choices, to stay or to die; for Gondolin was the Hidden City, and all that entered were made to stay lest they should tell the whereabouts of the place. He tried to kill Maeglin by throwing a spear at him, but Aredhel threw herself in front of her son and was hit by the spear in the shoulder. She died that night because the wound was poisoned.<br /> <br /> Later, Eöl was cast off of the cliff of [[Caragdûr]] but before he had cried out to Maeglin saying, “here may you yet die the same death as I.”<br /> <br /> Maeglin had a secret love for [[Turgon]]’s daughter, [[Idril]], who was his first cousin. Seeing a darkness in him, Idril did not love him and stayed away from him. Soon, his love turned to darkness; but he kept silent, waiting for his chance. <br /> <br /> He grew mighty in Gondolin, fighting by Turgon’s side in his battles and teaching the folk there what he knew of metals. He also learned much in the Hidden City. He would eventualy suffer the same fate of his father, when Tuor cast Maeglin of Caragdûr in the ''Fall of Gondolin''<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.entmoot.com/showthread.php?t=9572 Chapter discussion at Entmoot.com]<br /> <br /> [[fr:tolkien/resumes/silm/qs16]]<br /> [[fi:Maeglin (Silmarillion)]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Of_Maeglin&diff=334034 Of Maeglin 2021-07-31T15:14:38Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Incomplete}}<br /> {{silmarillion-chapters}}<br /> '''Of Maeglin''' is the sixteenth chapter of the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'' section within ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> [[File:Ted Nasmith - Eöl Welcomes Aredhel.jpg|thumb|left|''Eöl welcomes Aredhel'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br /> [[Maeglin]] was the son of [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf and [[Aredhel]], who was also called Ar-Feiniel, the White Lady of the [[Noldor]]. He dwelled in [[Nan Elmoth]] for years, learning what his father would teach him of metals, until he and his mother decided to flee to Gondolin.<br /> <br /> Eöl pursued the two to [[Gondolin]]. When he arrived, he was given two choices, to stay or to die; for Gondolin was the Hidden City, and all that entered were made to stay lest they should tell the whereabouts of the place. He tried to kill Maeglin by throwing a spear at him, but Aredhel threw herself in front of her son and was hit by the spear in the shoulder. She died that night because the wound was poisoned.<br /> <br /> Later, Eöl was cast off of the cliff of [[Caragdûr]] but before he had cried out to Maeglin saying, “here may you yet die the same death as I.”<br /> <br /> Maeglin had a secret love for [[Turgon]]’s daughter, [[Idril]], who was his first cousin. Seeing a darkness in him, Idril did not love him and stayed away from him. Soon, his love turned to darkness; but he kept silent, waiting for his chance. <br /> <br /> He grew mighty in Gondolin, fighting by Turgon’s side in his battles and teaching the folk there what he knew of metals. He also learned much in the Hidden City. He would eventualy suffer the same fate of his father, when Tuor cast Maeglin of Caragdûr in the <br /> #REDIRECT [[Fall of Gondolin]]<br /> , after attmepting to seize Idril.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.entmoot.com/showthread.php?t=9572 Chapter discussion at Entmoot.com]<br /> <br /> [[fr:tolkien/resumes/silm/qs16]]<br /> [[fi:Maeglin (Silmarillion)]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Of_Maeglin&diff=334033 Of Maeglin 2021-07-31T15:13:09Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: I took the article farther (hopefully for the better).</p> <hr /> <div>{{Incomplete}}<br /> {{silmarillion-chapters}}<br /> '''Of Maeglin''' is the sixteenth chapter of the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'' section within ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> [[File:Ted Nasmith - Eöl Welcomes Aredhel.jpg|thumb|left|''Eöl welcomes Aredhel'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br /> [[Maeglin]] was the son of [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf and [[Aredhel]], who was also called Ar-Feiniel, the White Lady of the [[Noldor]]. He dwelled in [[Nan Elmoth]] for years, learning what his father would teach him of metals, until he and his mother decided to flee to Gondolin.<br /> <br /> Eöl pursued the two to [[Gondolin]]. When he arrived, he was given two choices, to stay or to die; for Gondolin was the Hidden City, and all that entered were made to stay lest they should tell the whereabouts of the place. He tried to kill Maeglin by throwing a spear at him, but Aredhel threw herself in front of her son and was hit by the spear in the shoulder. She died that night because the wound was poisoned.<br /> <br /> Later, Eöl was cast off of the cliff of [[Caragdûr]] but before he had cried out to Maeglin saying, “here may you yet die the same death as I.”<br /> <br /> Maeglin had a secret love for [[Turgon]]’s daughter, [[Idril]], who was his first cousin. Seeing a darkness in him, Idril did not love him and stayed away from him. Soon, his love turned to darkness; but he kept silent, waiting for his chance. <br /> <br /> He grew mighty in Gondolin, fighting by Turgon’s side in his battles and teaching the folk there what he knew of metals. He also learned much in the Hidden City. He would eventualy suffer the same fate of his father, when Tuor cast Maeglin of Caragdûr in the Sack of Gondolin, after attmepting to seize Idril.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.entmoot.com/showthread.php?t=9572 Chapter discussion at Entmoot.com]<br /> <br /> [[fr:tolkien/resumes/silm/qs16]]<br /> [[fi:Maeglin (Silmarillion)]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_111&diff=334032 Letter 111 2021-07-31T15:05:56Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: I edited a misspelled word in this page.</p> <hr /> <div>{{letter infobox<br /> | #=111<br /> | to=Sir [[Stanley Unwin]]<br /> | date=[[21 September]] [[1947]]<br /> | subject=Forwarding the 31 July letter with new material<br /> }}{{letter|111}}<br /> ==Summary==<br /> Tolkien stated that he had written a letter to Unwin on the last day of July<ref group="note">See [[Letter 109]]</ref> but had laid it aside since it seemed too much of a bother about his works.<br /> <br /> He had mainly devoted his time to philology as he had a colleague from Liege with whom he had done research before the war and who stayed with him while they prepared their work for press. He was about to spend a few days performing college business so he was sending the long-delayed letter.<br /> <br /> In between research and journey he had tried to squeeze in revising Book II of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. He was sending this material under a separate cover for Rayner and Stanley to critique. Some chapters had been rewritten so that there would be no repetition. He also sent the preliminary chapter of the Forward:<ref group="note">Later to be the Prologue</ref> "Concerning Hobbits" which linked to the earlier book and answered questions that had been asked.<br /> ==Notes==<br /> <references group="note"/><br /> {{letters}}</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rohanese&diff=333116 Rohanese 2021-06-25T12:10:52Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>{{sources}}<br /> {{unnamed}}<br /> Rohirric refers to the language spoken by the [[Rohirrim]] of [[Rohan]].<br /> ==History==<br /> {{quote|That, I guess, is the language of the Rohirrim, for it is like to this land itself; rich and rolling in part, and else hard and stern as the mountains. But I cannot guess what it means, save that it is laden with the sadness of Mortal Men.|[[Legolas]]<ref>{{TT|King}}</ref>}}<br /> Rohirric is derived from the language of the [[Éothéod]], who were among the [[Northmen]] and was related to other Northmen languages, such as those of [[Rhovanion]], [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]], and [[Dale]]. <br /> <br /> The [[Hobbits]] before their [[Wandering Days]] in the [[Vales of Anduin]] had contact with that people and their languages had many words in common. For example the Rohirrim had retained the legend of the being known as ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (translated as ''hol-bytla''), a term which became ''[[kuduk]]'' by the Hobbits, the name they had for themselves.<br /> <br /> Many archaic [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] names bear similarities to Rohan's, since the ancestors of [[The Shire]] hobbits lived on the upper reaches of the [[Anduin]], close to the ancestors of the Rohirrim, and there was apparently a good deal of linguistic cross-fertilisation.<br /> <br /> Despite its relation to [[Westron]], Rohirric was not intelligible to its speakers. [[Legolas]] was unable to understand the songs, however he noted that the language is like the land itself: rich and rolling in part, and else hard and stern as the mountains.<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> Rohan names often have the element ''lô-/loh-'', which means "horse". ''[[Lōgrad]]'' means "Rohan" or "[[Riddermark|Horse-mark]]"; ''[[Lohtûr]]'' means "[[Éothéod|Horse-people]]".<br /> <br /> The latter shows the element ''[[tûr]]'' also seen in the name ''[[Tûrac]]'' "[[Théoden|People-king]]".<br /> <br /> ==Name==<br /> Tolkien did not give a definite specific name for the language of the Rohirrim other than in one manuscript, where he apparently uses the short name "'''Rohan'''" for this tongue (and also [[Christopher Tolkien]], in one instance, refers to the language of Rohan as "Rohan"<ref name="N">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), "Guide to the Names in ''The Lord of the Rings''", published in ''[[A Tolkien Compass]]'' (edited by [[Jared Lobdell]])</ref>).<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 153</ref> <br /> <br /> [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' also use the word "Rohan" but they call it "'''Rohanese'''" at one instance.<ref>{{HM|N}}, pp. 750-81</ref> Tolkien himself used the adjective ''Rohanese'' in ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]'',<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 8</ref> but it is not clear by the context if the word is the name of a language, or simply an adjective. <br /> <br /> [[Robert Foster]] in ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'' uses the name '''Rohirric''', which has stuck among the students of Tolkien's languages. Perhaps it was modelled on "Rohirrim" and the ending ''-ic'' of "Adûnaic". [[Christopher Gilson]] uses "Rohirric" in the List of Abbreviations to "[[Parma Eldalamberon 17|Words, Phrases & Passages in ''The Lord of the Rings'']]",<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 220</ref> as well as [[Helge Fauskanger]] in [[Ardalambion]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/mannish.htm|articlename=Various Mannish Tongues - the sadness of Mortal Men?|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=10 February 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> ==Inspiration==<br /> {{main|Old English}}<br /> Tolkien rendered the Rohan language as Old English, but also included Scandinavian names, such as [[Westfold]]. Even modernized names show a strong Anglo-Saxon influence. Old English was supposed to render an archaic form of [[Westron]], which was supposedly rendered by Modern English. This solution occurred to Tolkien in 1942, when he was searching for an explanation of the Eddaic name of the dwarves already published in ''[[The Hobbit]]''.{{fact}}<br /> <br /> Some words show the plural ending "-as", as were Old English nouns of the strong-masculine declension.<br /> <br /> The Rohirrim used the Germanic patronymic "-ing". They called themselves the '''[[Eorlingas]]''', and [[Beorn]]'s people were the '''[[Beornings]]''', Scyld's people were the Scyldingas in Norse and Anglo-Saxon mythology.<br /> <br /> [[Théoden]] was referred to as "Théoden King", rather than "King Théoden", just as Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon kings had the word "konungr"/"cyning" ("king") added after their names, e.g. ''Hervarðar konungr'', rather than before.<br /> <br /> Some Old English names that render Rohirric words include:<br /> <br /> * '''[[Éothéod]]:''' from "eoh" ("war-horse") and "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation")<br /> * '''[[Gríma]]:''' possibly from "grima" ("mask", "helmet", "ghost")<br /> * '''[[Eorl]]:''' from "eorl" ("nobleman")<br /> * '''[[Théodred]]:''' from "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation") and "ræd" ("counsel")<br /> *'''[[Elfwine]]:''' from [[Ælfwine]] ("[[Elf-friend]]")<br /> <br /> ===Translation===<br /> As [[Westron]] is rendered in the novels with English, Rohan language is always translated through [[Old English]]. This is because [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] tried to reproduce for English readers its archaic flavour in relationship to the Common Speech. Westron is an amalgamated language which, although deriving from [[Adûnaic]], was formed from the languages of the [[Middle Men]], much like the English language with many influences from [[Celtic]] and [[Wikipedia:Norman language|Norman]].<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English_creole_hypothesis|articlename=Middle English creole hypothesis|dated=29 October 2012|website=[http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]|accessed=10 February 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> However, the relationship between the two pairs of languages is not identical: Old English is the direct ancestor of modern English, but Rohan was not the direct ancestor of Westron, since the latter derives from [[Adûnaic]].<br /> <br /> In some cases, Tolkien did not provide genuine Old English words, but rather modernizations.{{fact}} Such names are:<br /> *[[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]] instead of ''Eodoras, Dūnhaerg''<br /> *[[Snowbourn]] and [[Upbourn]] instead of ''Snāwburna, Upburnan''<br /> *Firien instead of ''Firgen'' in the names [[Halifirien]], [[Firienfeld]] and [[Firienholt]].<br /> *[[Entwade]], [[Entwash]], [[Entwood]] instead of ''Entwaed, Entwaesc, Entwudu''<br /> *[[Woses]] instead of ''Wāsan''; also isolated from the English term ''Woodwoses''.<br /> *[[Elfwine]], [[Éothain]], [[Shadowfax]], [[Gríma|Wormtongue]], [[Gamling]] and [[Greyhame]] instead of ''Ælfwine, Éothegn, Sceadufaex, Wyrmtunga, Gameling, Grēghama''<br /> <br /> The reason was that those names were said to be intelligible by speakers of [[Westron]]; [[Gondorians]] were familiar with the place-names of Rohan (like ''Entwade''), while Hobbits recognized some common elements with [[Hobbitish|their dialect]].<ref name="N"/><br /> <br /> {{references}}<br /> {{languages}}<br /> [[Category:Rohirric| ]]<br /> [[de:Sprache der Rohirrim]]<br /> [[fr:encyclo/langues/rohanais]]<br /> [[fi:Rohirrimin kieli]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rohanese&diff=333115 Rohanese 2021-06-25T12:09:49Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>{{sources}}<br /> {{unnamed}}<br /> Rohirric refers to the language spoken by the [[Rohirrim]] of [[Rohan]].<br /> ==History==<br /> {{quote|That, I guess, is the language of the Rohirrim, for it is like to this land itself; rich and rolling in part, and else hard and stern as the mountains. But I cannot guess what it means, save that it is laden with the sadness of Mortal Men.|[[Legolas]]<ref>{{TT|King}}</ref>}}<br /> The Rohan language is derived from the language of the [[Éothéod]], who were among the [[Northmen]] and was related to other Northmen languages, such as those of [[Rhovanion]], [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]], and [[Dale]]. <br /> <br /> The [[Hobbits]] before their [[Wandering Days]] in the [[Vales of Anduin]] had contact with that people and their languages had many words in common. For example the Rohirrim had retained the legend of the being known as ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (translated as ''hol-bytla''), a term which became ''[[kuduk]]'' by the Hobbits, the name they had for themselves.<br /> <br /> Many archaic [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] names bear similarities to Rohan's, since the ancestors of [[The Shire]] hobbits lived on the upper reaches of the [[Anduin]], close to the ancestors of the Rohirrim, and there was apparently a good deal of linguistic cross-fertilisation.<br /> <br /> Despite its relation to [[Westron]], Rohirric was not intelligible to its speakers. [[Legolas]] was unable to understand the songs, however he noted that the language is like the land itself: rich and rolling in part, and else hard and stern as the mountains.<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> Rohan names often have the element ''lô-/loh-'', which means "horse". ''[[Lōgrad]]'' means "Rohan" or "[[Riddermark|Horse-mark]]"; ''[[Lohtûr]]'' means "[[Éothéod|Horse-people]]".<br /> <br /> The latter shows the element ''[[tûr]]'' also seen in the name ''[[Tûrac]]'' "[[Théoden|People-king]]".<br /> <br /> ==Name==<br /> Tolkien did not give a definite specific name for the language of the Rohirrim other than in one manuscript, where he apparently uses the short name "'''Rohan'''" for this tongue (and also [[Christopher Tolkien]], in one instance, refers to the language of Rohan as "Rohan"<ref name="N">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), "Guide to the Names in ''The Lord of the Rings''", published in ''[[A Tolkien Compass]]'' (edited by [[Jared Lobdell]])</ref>).<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 153</ref> <br /> <br /> [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' also use the word "Rohan" but they call it "'''Rohanese'''" at one instance.<ref>{{HM|N}}, pp. 750-81</ref> Tolkien himself used the adjective ''Rohanese'' in ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]'',<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 8</ref> but it is not clear by the context if the word is the name of a language, or simply an adjective. <br /> <br /> [[Robert Foster]] in ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'' uses the name '''Rohirric''', which has stuck among the students of Tolkien's languages. Perhaps it was modelled on "Rohirrim" and the ending ''-ic'' of "Adûnaic". [[Christopher Gilson]] uses "Rohirric" in the List of Abbreviations to "[[Parma Eldalamberon 17|Words, Phrases & Passages in ''The Lord of the Rings'']]",<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 220</ref> as well as [[Helge Fauskanger]] in [[Ardalambion]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/mannish.htm|articlename=Various Mannish Tongues - the sadness of Mortal Men?|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=10 February 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> ==Inspiration==<br /> {{main|Old English}}<br /> Tolkien rendered the Rohan language as Old English, but also included Scandinavian names, such as [[Westfold]]. Even modernized names show a strong Anglo-Saxon influence. Old English was supposed to render an archaic form of [[Westron]], which was supposedly rendered by Modern English. This solution occurred to Tolkien in 1942, when he was searching for an explanation of the Eddaic name of the dwarves already published in ''[[The Hobbit]]''.{{fact}}<br /> <br /> Some words show the plural ending "-as", as were Old English nouns of the strong-masculine declension.<br /> <br /> The Rohirrim used the Germanic patronymic "-ing". They called themselves the '''[[Eorlingas]]''', and [[Beorn]]'s people were the '''[[Beornings]]''', Scyld's people were the Scyldingas in Norse and Anglo-Saxon mythology.<br /> <br /> [[Théoden]] was referred to as "Théoden King", rather than "King Théoden", just as Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon kings had the word "konungr"/"cyning" ("king") added after their names, e.g. ''Hervarðar konungr'', rather than before.<br /> <br /> Some Old English names that render Rohirric words include:<br /> <br /> * '''[[Éothéod]]:''' from "eoh" ("war-horse") and "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation")<br /> * '''[[Gríma]]:''' possibly from "grima" ("mask", "helmet", "ghost")<br /> * '''[[Eorl]]:''' from "eorl" ("nobleman")<br /> * '''[[Théodred]]:''' from "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation") and "ræd" ("counsel")<br /> *'''[[Elfwine]]:''' from [[Ælfwine]] ("[[Elf-friend]]")<br /> <br /> ===Translation===<br /> As [[Westron]] is rendered in the novels with English, Rohan language is always translated through [[Old English]]. This is because [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] tried to reproduce for English readers its archaic flavour in relationship to the Common Speech. Westron is an amalgamated language which, although deriving from [[Adûnaic]], was formed from the languages of the [[Middle Men]], much like the English language with many influences from [[Celtic]] and [[Wikipedia:Norman language|Norman]].<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English_creole_hypothesis|articlename=Middle English creole hypothesis|dated=29 October 2012|website=[http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]|accessed=10 February 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> However, the relationship between the two pairs of languages is not identical: Old English is the direct ancestor of modern English, but Rohan was not the direct ancestor of Westron, since the latter derives from [[Adûnaic]].<br /> <br /> In some cases, Tolkien did not provide genuine Old English words, but rather modernizations.{{fact}} Such names are:<br /> *[[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]] instead of ''Eodoras, Dūnhaerg''<br /> *[[Snowbourn]] and [[Upbourn]] instead of ''Snāwburna, Upburnan''<br /> *Firien instead of ''Firgen'' in the names [[Halifirien]], [[Firienfeld]] and [[Firienholt]].<br /> *[[Entwade]], [[Entwash]], [[Entwood]] instead of ''Entwaed, Entwaesc, Entwudu''<br /> *[[Woses]] instead of ''Wāsan''; also isolated from the English term ''Woodwoses''.<br /> *[[Elfwine]], [[Éothain]], [[Shadowfax]], [[Gríma|Wormtongue]], [[Gamling]] and [[Greyhame]] instead of ''Ælfwine, Éothegn, Sceadufaex, Wyrmtunga, Gameling, Grēghama''<br /> <br /> The reason was that those names were said to be intelligible by speakers of [[Westron]]; [[Gondorians]] were familiar with the place-names of Rohan (like ''Entwade''), while Hobbits recognized some common elements with [[Hobbitish|their dialect]].<ref name="N"/><br /> <br /> {{references}}<br /> {{languages}}<br /> [[Category:Rohirric| ]]<br /> [[de:Sprache der Rohirrim]]<br /> [[fr:encyclo/langues/rohanais]]<br /> [[fi:Rohirrimin kieli]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rohanese&diff=333114 Rohanese 2021-06-25T12:06:42Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>{{sources}}<br /> {{unnamed}}<br /> Rohirric refers to the language spoken by the [[Rohirrim]] of [[Rohan]].<br /> ==History==<br /> {{quote|That, I guess, is the language of the Rohirrim, for it is like to this land itself; rich and rolling in part, and else hard and stern as the mountains. But I cannot guess what it means, save that it is laden with the sadness of Mortal Men.|[[Legolas]]<ref>{{TT|King}}</ref>}}<br /> The Rohan language is derived from the language of the [[Éothéod]], who were among the [[Northmen]] and was related to other Northmen languages, such as those of [[Rhovanion]], [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]], and [[Dale]]. <br /> <br /> The [[Hobbits]] before their [[Wandering Days]] in the [[Vales of Anduin]] had contact with that people and their languages had many words in common. For example the Rohirrim had retained the legend of the being known as ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (translated as ''hol-bytla''), a term which became ''[[kuduk]]'' by the Hobbits, the name they had for themselves.<br /> <br /> Many archaic [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] names bear similarities to Rohan's, since the ancestors of [[The Shire]] hobbits lived on the upper reaches of the [[Anduin]], close to the ancestors of the Rohirrim, and there was apparently a good deal of linguistic cross-fertilisation.<br /> <br /> Despite its relation to [[Westron]], the Rohan language was not intelligible to its speakers. [[Legolas]] was unable to understand the songs, however he noted that the language is like the land itself: rich and rolling in part, and else hard and stern as the mountains.<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> Rohan names often have the element ''lô-/loh-'', which means "horse". ''[[Lōgrad]]'' means "Rohan" or "[[Riddermark|Horse-mark]]"; ''[[Lohtûr]]'' means "[[Éothéod|Horse-people]]".<br /> <br /> The latter shows the element ''[[tûr]]'' also seen in the name ''[[Tûrac]]'' "[[Théoden|People-king]]".<br /> <br /> ==Name==<br /> Tolkien did not give a definite specific name for the language of the Rohirrim other than in one manuscript, where he apparently uses the short name "'''Rohan'''" for this tongue (and also [[Christopher Tolkien]], in one instance, refers to the language of Rohan as "Rohan"<ref name="N">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), "Guide to the Names in ''The Lord of the Rings''", published in ''[[A Tolkien Compass]]'' (edited by [[Jared Lobdell]])</ref>).<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 153</ref> <br /> <br /> [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' also use the word "Rohan" but they call it "'''Rohanese'''" at one instance.<ref>{{HM|N}}, pp. 750-81</ref> Tolkien himself used the adjective ''Rohanese'' in ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]'',<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 8</ref> but it is not clear by the context if the word is the name of a language, or simply an adjective. <br /> <br /> [[Robert Foster]] in ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'' uses the name '''Rohirric''', which has stuck among the students of Tolkien's languages. Perhaps it was modelled on "Rohirrim" and the ending ''-ic'' of "Adûnaic". [[Christopher Gilson]] uses "Rohirric" in the List of Abbreviations to "[[Parma Eldalamberon 17|Words, Phrases & Passages in ''The Lord of the Rings'']]",<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 220</ref> as well as [[Helge Fauskanger]] in [[Ardalambion]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/mannish.htm|articlename=Various Mannish Tongues - the sadness of Mortal Men?|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=10 February 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> ==Inspiration==<br /> {{main|Old English}}<br /> Tolkien rendered the Rohan language as Old English, but also included Scandinavian names, such as [[Westfold]]. Even modernized names show a strong Anglo-Saxon influence. Old English was supposed to render an archaic form of [[Westron]], which was supposedly rendered by Modern English. This solution occurred to Tolkien in 1942, when he was searching for an explanation of the Eddaic name of the dwarves already published in ''[[The Hobbit]]''.{{fact}}<br /> <br /> Some words show the plural ending "-as", as were Old English nouns of the strong-masculine declension.<br /> <br /> The Rohirrim used the Germanic patronymic "-ing". They called themselves the '''[[Eorlingas]]''', and [[Beorn]]'s people were the '''[[Beornings]]''', Scyld's people were the Scyldingas in Norse and Anglo-Saxon mythology.<br /> <br /> [[Théoden]] was referred to as "Théoden King", rather than "King Théoden", just as Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon kings had the word "konungr"/"cyning" ("king") added after their names, e.g. ''Hervarðar konungr'', rather than before.<br /> <br /> Some Old English names that render Rohirric words include:<br /> <br /> * '''[[Éothéod]]:''' from "eoh" ("war-horse") and "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation")<br /> * '''[[Gríma]]:''' possibly from "grima" ("mask", "helmet", "ghost")<br /> * '''[[Eorl]]:''' from "eorl" ("nobleman")<br /> * '''[[Théodred]]:''' from "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation") and "ræd" ("counsel")<br /> *'''[[Elfwine]]:''' from [[Ælfwine]] ("[[Elf-friend]]")<br /> <br /> ===Translation===<br /> As [[Westron]] is rendered in the novels with English, Rohan language is always translated through [[Old English]]. This is because [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] tried to reproduce for English readers its archaic flavour in relationship to the Common Speech. Westron is an amalgamated language which, although deriving from [[Adûnaic]], was formed from the languages of the [[Middle Men]], much like the English language with many influences from [[Celtic]] and [[Wikipedia:Norman language|Norman]].<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English_creole_hypothesis|articlename=Middle English creole hypothesis|dated=29 October 2012|website=[http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]|accessed=10 February 2013}}</ref><br /> <br /> However, the relationship between the two pairs of languages is not identical: Old English is the direct ancestor of modern English, but Rohan was not the direct ancestor of Westron, since the latter derives from [[Adûnaic]].<br /> <br /> In some cases, Tolkien did not provide genuine Old English words, but rather modernizations.{{fact}} Such names are:<br /> *[[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]] instead of ''Eodoras, Dūnhaerg''<br /> *[[Snowbourn]] and [[Upbourn]] instead of ''Snāwburna, Upburnan''<br /> *Firien instead of ''Firgen'' in the names [[Halifirien]], [[Firienfeld]] and [[Firienholt]].<br /> *[[Entwade]], [[Entwash]], [[Entwood]] instead of ''Entwaed, Entwaesc, Entwudu''<br /> *[[Woses]] instead of ''Wāsan''; also isolated from the English term ''Woodwoses''.<br /> *[[Elfwine]], [[Éothain]], [[Shadowfax]], [[Gríma|Wormtongue]], [[Gamling]] and [[Greyhame]] instead of ''Ælfwine, Éothegn, Sceadufaex, Wyrmtunga, Gameling, Grēghama''<br /> <br /> The reason was that those names were said to be intelligible by speakers of [[Westron]]; [[Gondorians]] were familiar with the place-names of Rohan (like ''Entwade''), while Hobbits recognized some common elements with [[Hobbitish|their dialect]].<ref name="N"/><br /> <br /> {{references}}<br /> {{languages}}<br /> [[Category:Rohirric| ]]<br /> [[de:Sprache der Rohirrim]]<br /> [[fr:encyclo/langues/rohanais]]<br /> [[fi:Rohirrimin kieli]]</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway:Sandbox&diff=332414 Tolkien Gateway:Sandbox 2021-06-06T19:51:21Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>:''See also: '''[[Help: Editing]]'''''<br /> This is the '''Tolkien Gateway Sandbox''', for experimental edits and templates to practice using [[wikipedia:Wiki markup|wikitext]]. Please edit this page as much as you want instead of "testing" anywhere else. [[Category:Tolkien Gateway|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> ---- <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ''italic''<br /> <br /> <br /> ''the Old'' <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Beor the Old'''</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway:Sandbox&diff=332413 Tolkien Gateway:Sandbox 2021-06-06T19:50:14Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>:''See also: '''[[Help: Editing]]'''''<br /> This is the '''Tolkien Gateway Sandbox''', for experimental edits and templates to practice using [[wikipedia:Wiki markup|wikitext]]. Please edit this page as much as you want instead of "testing" anywhere else. [[Category:Tolkien Gateway|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> ---- <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ''italic''<br /> <br /> <br /> ''the Old''</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway:Sandbox&diff=332412 Tolkien Gateway:Sandbox 2021-06-06T19:49:23Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>:''See also: '''[[Help: Editing]]'''''<br /> This is the '''Tolkien Gateway Sandbox''', for experimental edits and templates to practice using [[wikipedia:Wiki markup|wikitext]]. Please edit this page as much as you want instead of "testing" anywhere else. [[Category:Tolkien Gateway|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> ---- <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ''italic''</div>

Dain ironfoot https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tolkien_Gateway:Sandbox&diff=332411 Tolkien Gateway:Sandbox 2021-06-06T19:48:47Z

<p>Dain ironfoot: </p> <hr /> <div>:''See also: '''[[Help: Editing]]'''''<br /> This is the '''Tolkien Gateway Sandbox''', for experimental edits and templates to practice using [[wikipedia:Wiki markup|wikitext]]. Please edit this page as much as you want instead of "testing" anywhere else. [[Category:Tolkien Gateway|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> ---- <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> "italic"</div>

Dain ironfoot