Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

George Takei

2026-04-20T14:43:15Z

Dingolthron: Fixed a minor typo

'''George Hosato Takei Altman''' ([[20 April]] [[1937]]) is an American actor, best known as [http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Hikaru_Sulu Mr. Sulu] from ''Star Trek'' franchise, in which he co-starred with [[Leonard Nimoy]].

In [[1991]], conductor David Warble asked Takei to provide the narration for [[Johan de Meij]]'s ''[[Symphony No. 1, "The Lord of the Rings"]]''. Out of curiosity and admiration of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Takei agreed. The show premiered in the Fall of 1991 in the [[wikipedia:Orange County Performing Arts Center|Orange County Performing Arts Center]], and has since been performed on many places in the world.

==External links==
*'''[http://www.georgetakei.com/ Official website]'''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20010315175608/http://www.georgetakei.com/news-2001-march.asp George Takei blog, entry for March 2001]
*{{WP|George Takei}}
*[http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/George_Takei George Takei] at [http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Portal:Main MemoryAlpha]
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001786/ George Takei] at [http://www.imdb.com IMDb]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Takei, George}}
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:Narrators]]
[[Category:People by name]]

William Keen

2026-03-04T16:12:56Z

Dingolthron: updated with his role in Rings of Power

{{actor
| image = Will Keen.jpg
| name=William Keen
| lifetime=[[4 March]] [[1970]]
| played=TBA
| film=''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''
| played2=
| film2=
| imdb=[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1652308/ Profile]
}}

'''William Walter Maurice Keen''', also known as '''Will Keen''', is an English actor. He portrayed Lord Belzagar in the second season of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'' series by [[Amazon Studios]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7631058/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm|articlename=''The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power'': Full Cast & Crew|website=IMDb|accessed=19 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://deadline.com/2022/12/lord-of-the-rings-the-rings-of-power-adds-season-2-cast-1235191374/|articlename=‘The Lord Of The Rings: The Rings Of Power’ Adds 8 To Season 2 Cast|website=Deadline|accessed=7 December 2022}}</ref>

{{references}}
==External links==
*{{WP|Will Keen}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keen, William}}
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:The Rings of Power (TV series) cast]]

Roger Garland

2026-03-02T15:22:10Z

Dingolthron: /* Cover art */ corrected spelling of "Unfinished"

{{artist infobox
| image=
| name=Roger Garland
| born=[[28 February]], [[1950]]
| died=[[26 October]], [[2017]]
| style=Fantasy
| images=[[:Category:Images by Roger Garland|Gallery]]
| location=
| website=http://www.lakeside-gallery.com/
}}
'''Roger Garland''' was an English artist, teacher and [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] illustrator.

==History==
[[File:Roger Garland - The Lord of the Nazgul.JPG|300px|thumb|right|''The Lord of the Nazgûl'' by '''Roger Garland''']]
Roger Garland attended [[wikipedia:Arts University Plimouth|Plymouth Art School]] and studied graphic design at the [[wikipedia: University of Wolverhampton|University of Wolverhampton]], where he met his wife [[Linda Garland]].<ref name="gallery">[http://www.lakeside-gallery.com/ lakesidegallery.com](accessed 19 April 2023)</ref> Both graduated in [[1970]].<ref name="gallery" /><ref>[https://web.facebook.com/roger.garland.3 Roger Garland] on Facebook (accessed 20 April 2023)</ref> Their son Seth Garland (born [[1977]]) is also an artist.<ref>[http://www.sethgarland.co.uk/#about sethgarland.com] (accessed 16 May 2023)</ref> After graduating, Garland taught art at the [[wikipedia: Poltair School|Poltair School]] in [[wikipedia: Cornwall|Cornwall]] for a decade, while also building a career as an illustrator.<ref name="gallery" /> His first collaboration with [[George Allen & Unwin]] was in [[1981]],<ref name="gallery" /> when he was hired to paint a cover for the paperback release of [[Unfinished Tales]]. In 1989, he co-founded Lakeside Gallery with his wife, which permanently displays their artwork, including Roger's Tolkien-related paintings, to this day.<ref name="gallery" /> Some of these paintings were part of the italian exhibition [[TOLKIEN - Uomo, Professore, Autore| ''Tolkien: Uomo, Professore, Autore'']], that toured between 2023 and 2026. In his opinion, ''[[:File:Roger Garland - The Lord of the Nazgul.JPG| The Lord of the Nazgûl]]'' is his best painting, because it "''captures the darker side of these works''".<ref>[https://www.sociedadtolkien.org/blog/2017/10/26/fallece-el-ilustrador-roger-garland/?highlight=roger%20garland Fallece el ilustrador Roger Garland] at sociedadtolkien.org (quote translated back from Spanish, original not found)(accessed 19 April 2023)</ref> He was also an honorary member of [[The Tolkien Society]] since [[1994]].<ref>[https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2017/10/tolkien-illustrator-roger-garland-has-died/ Tolkien illustrator Roger Garland has died] at tolkiensociety.org (accessed 19 April 2023)</ref>

==Published artwork==
===Cover art===
*''[[Unfinished Tales/Publication history and gallery|Unfinished Tales]]'' (1982 paperback)
*''[[The Silmarillion/Publication history and gallery|The Silmarillion]]'' (1983 paperback)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings/Publication history and gallery one-volume|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1983 one volume paperback & 1988 one volume hardback)
*''[[The Book of Lost Tales: Part One]]'' (1985 paperback)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings/Publication history and gallery three-volume|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (1986 paperback)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings/Publication history and gallery three-volume|The Two Towers]]'' (1986 paperback)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings/Publication history and gallery three-volume|The Return of the King]]'' (1986 paperback)
*''[[The Book of Lost Tales: Part Two]]'' (1986 paperback)
*''[[The Hobbit/Publication history and gallery|The Hobbit]]'' (1987 paperback, 50th anniversary edition)
*''[[The Lays of Beleriand]]'' (1987 paperback)
*''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' (1988 paperback)
*''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' (1989 paperback)
*''[[The Return of the Shadow]]'' (1990 paperback)
*''[[The Treason of Isengard]]'' (1991 paperback)
*''[[The War of the Ring]]'' (1992 paperback)
*''[[Sauron Defeated]]'' (1993 paperback)
*''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' (1997 hardcover)
*''[[TOLKIEN - Uomo, Professore, Autore| Tolkien: Uomo, Professore, Autore]]'' (2024 third edition)

===Books===
*''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]'' (1990 edition)
*''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]'' (1990 edition)
*''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' (1990 edition)
*''[[Tolkien's World: Paintings of Middle-earth]]'' (1992)
*''[[Garlands of Fantasy: The Art of Linda & Roger Garland]]'' (1994, text by Neil Suckling)
*''The Book of the Unicorn'' (1996, with illustrations by Linda & Roger Garland, text by Neil Suckling)

===Calendars===
*[[1984]]:
**[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar 1984]]
**[[The 1984 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]]

*[[1987]]:
**[[The Tolkien Calendar 1987]]
**[[The 1987 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]]

*[[1988]]:
**[[The Tolkien Calendar 1988]]
**[[The 1988 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]]

*[[1989]]:
**[[The Tolkien Calendar 1989]]
**[[The 1989 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]]

==Filmography==
*[[The Master of the Rings: The Unauthorized Story Behind J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings]] (Documentary, [[2001]])

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Roger Garland|Images by Roger Garland]]

==External links==
*'''[http://www.lakeside-gallery.com/ Lakeside Gallery website]'''

{{References}}
{{IllustratorsLOTR}}
{{IllustratorsSilmarillion}}
{{IllustratorsCalendars}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Garland, Roger}}
[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[de:Roger Garland]]
[[fi:Roger Garland]]

First Battle of the Fords of Isen

2026-02-25T15:08:58Z

Dingolthron: /* Aftermath */ Just fixing a minor typo... "on" to "of".

{{battle
| name=First Battle of the Fords of Isen
| image=Alan Lee - The First Battle of the Fords of Isen.jpg
| conflict=[[War of the Ring]]
| date=[[25 February]] {{TA|3019}}
| place=The Fords of Isen, and the along road to Isengard 20 miles north
| result=Saruman succeeds in achieving the death of Théodred, Saruman's forces retreat
| side1=Men from the Westfold and Edoras
| side2=[[Orcs]] (including the [[Uruk-hai]]), [[Goblin-men|Orc-men]], and [[Dunlendings]]
| commanders1=*[[Théodred]]
*[[Grimbold]]
*[[Elfhelm]]
| commanders2=Unknown
| forces1=* 11 mounted companies and 1 company of archers (around 1400)
* Men from the Westfold
* Four companies from Edoras, reinforcement (nearly 500)
| forces2=Over 2000 Uruks, Dunlendings and orc wolf-riders
| casual1=Théodred, several hundred Rohirrim
| casual2=Hundreds more than the Rohirrim
|}}{{wotr}}
The '''First Battle of the Fords of Isen''' was the first of [[Battles of the Fords of Isen|two conflicts]] at the [[Fords of Isen]], and marked the beginning of the [[War of the Ring]]. On [[25 February|February 25]], {{TA|3019}}, [[Saruman]] attacked the [[Rohirrim]] army under [[Théodred]], [[Grimbold]] and [[Elfhelm]]. Saruman's main objective was to kill Théodred. After Théodred was slain Saruman's army withdrew.

The [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|second battle]] followed seven days later.

==History==
===Prelude===

The chief obstacles to an easy conquest of [[Rohan]] by Saruman were Théodred and [[Éomer]]. They were devoted to the [[Théoden|King]] and were high in his affections, as his only son and his sister-son. They did all that they could to thwart the influence that [[Gríma]] gained when the King's health began to fail. It was Gríma's policy to bring his chief opponents into discredit with Théoden. But the steadfast loyalty of Théodred and Éomer to their king even in his apparent dotage made it very difficult for Gríma to achieve this. Gríma therefore tried to play them one against the other in the mind of Théoden, representing Éomer as ever eager to increase his authority. In this he achieved some success, which bore fruit when Saruman at last succeeded in achieving the death of Théodred.

===Saruman's Strategy===

Saruman had given special orders that Théodred should at all costs be slain.
All his fiercest warriors were engaged in reckless assault upon Théodred and his guard, disregarding other events in the battle, which might otherwise have resulted in a much more damaging defeat for the Rohirrim. The river [[Isen]] came down swiftly from its sources above [[Isengard]]. In the flat land of the [[Gap of Rohan|Gap]] the river became deep and rapid and it could only be crossed at the [[Fords of Isen]]. Saruman had an advantage as he could send his troops down either side of the Isen and attack the fords, if they were held against him, from both sides. On the other hand, Théodred might send his troops across the fords, either to engage Saruman's troops or to defend the western bridge-head. But if they were worsted then they would have no retreat except back over the fords with the enemy at their heels, and possibly also awaiting them on the eastern banks.

===The Battle===

Saruman's attack was not unforeseen, but it came sooner than was expected. Théodred's scouts had warned him of a mustering of troops, at the [[Gate of Isengard]], mainly on the west side of the Isen. He therefore manned the approaches, east and west, to the fords with sturdy men from the [[Westfold]]. He also left three companies of [[Rohirrim|Riders]], along with horse-herds and spare mounts, on the east bank. Théodred himself passed over with the main strength of his cavalry: eight companies and a company of archers, intending to overthrow Saruman's army before it was fully prepared. Saruman however had not revealed his true intentions nor the full strength of his forces.

Some twenty miles north of the fords Théodred encountered the enemy's vanguard and scattered it, however when he attacked the main host he found that the enemy was in fact prepared for the assault, behind trenches manned by pikemen. And Théodred in the leading [[Éored]] was brought to a stand and was almost surrounded. He was extricated by the onset of the companies coming up behind him.
But when he looked eastward he was dismayed. Away east of the river he saw other forces now hasting towards the fords. He at once ordered a retreat. But the retreat was often delayed, when the rearguard under Grimbold was obliged to turn and drive back their pursuers.

When they finally reached the fords the day was waning. Théodred set Grimbold in command of the garrison on the west bank, stiffened with fifty dismounted riders.
The rest of the riders and all the horses he at once sent across the river, while he along with his company manned the eyot in the midst of the river, to cover the retreat of Grimbold if he was driven back. This was barely done when Saruman's eastern forces came down with unexpected speed. The eastern force was much smaller than the western force, but it was more dangerous. In its van were some [[Dunlendings|Dunlending]] horsemen and a pack of [[wolf-riders]]. Behind them came two battalions of [[Uruk-hai|Uruks]], heavily armed and trained to move at great speed. The garrison of the east bank was swept away by the sudden attack and the riders who had just crossed the river were caught still in disarray, and though they fought desperately they were driven from the fords with the Uruks in pursuit.

As soon as the enemy gained control of the eastern end of the fords, a company of men or orc-men appeared, mail-clad and armed with axes. They assailed the eyot from both sides. At the same time Grimbold on the west bank was attacked by Saruman's forces on that side. When he looked eastward he was dismayed to see the axe-men driving Théodred's men from the shores of the eyot towards the low knoll in its centre. At once Grimbold, taking a few men that stood near him ran back to the eyot. So fierce was his onset that he clove his way through the rear of the
attackers, till with two others he reached Théodred standing alone on the knoll.
But he was too late. As he came to his side Théodred fell, hewn down by a great orc-man. Grimbold slew the attacker and stood over the body of Théodred, thinking him dead; and there he would himself soon have died, but for the coming of Elfhelm.

Elfhelm had been riding in haste from [[Edoras]], leading four companies in answer to Théodred's summons. When he reached the junction of the horse-road and the road down from the [[Deeping-coomb|Deeping]], his outriders reported that two wolf-riders had been seen abroad on the fields. Sensing that something was amiss, he did not turn aside to [[Helm's Deep]] for the night as he had intended but rode with all speed towards the fords. And though his men and horses were weary, as he came in sight of the east banks, he ordered his companies to charge. It was the turn of the [[Orcs of Isengard|Isengarders]] to be surprised. Few stood their ground. Most fled northwards, pursued by two of Elfhelm's companies. The others he dismounted to guard the east bank, but at once with the men of his own company rushed to the eyot. The axe-men were now caught between the surviving defenders and the onslaught of Elfhelm, with both banks still held by the Rohirrim. They fought on, but before long were slain to a man. Elfhelm himself, however sprang up to the knoll and there he found Grimbold fighting two great axe-men for the possession of Théodred's body. One Elfhelm at once slew, and the other fell before Grimbold.

When they stooped to lift the body, they found that Théodred still breathed; but he lived only long enough to speak his last words. Then a harsh horn sounded, and
then all was silent. The attack on the west bank ceased and the enemy there faded away into the dark.

===Aftermath===

The Rohirrim held the Fords of Isen; but their losses were heavy, the King's son was dead, they were leaderless, and did not know what might yet befall. When the grey light of dawn returned, there was no sign of the Isengarders, except for those many that they left dead upon the field. Many men who had been scattered by the sudden assault began to return, some still mounted, others leading recaptured horses. Later on in the morning, most of Théodred's Riders that had been driven south down the river came back battle-worn but in good order. They had a similar tale to tell. They came to a stand on a low hill, and prepared to defend it. Though it was now full night, a horn was sounded, and soon they discovered that the enemy had gone. After some time they began cautiously to advance north again. But when they reached the Fords they were surprised to see the Rohirrim in command.

==Portrayal in adaptations==

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - First Battle of the Fords of Isen.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Massacre at the Fords of Isen]] from [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]]]
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Éomer and his riders encounter the aftermath of the battle, and retrieve the ailing body of [[Théodred]]. After one of his riders swears vengeance to [[Mordor]], Éomer sets him straight that it is [[Saruman]]'s doing.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - First Battle of the Fords of Isen.jpg|thumb|250px|First Battle of the Fords of Isen from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Rise of Isengard]]'':'''
:The battle is recreated in the game, matching the description from The Unfinished Tales.

{{references}}
*{{UT|Isen}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the War of the Ring]]
[[de:Schlacht an den Furten des Isen]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/3a/guerres/premiere bataille des gues de l isen]]
[[fi:Taistelut Rautkymin Kahlaamolla]]

Caradhras

2026-01-09T13:32:27Z

Dingolthron: The Redhorn Gate/Pass did not go THROUGH the mountain.

{{mountain
| image = Ted Nasmith - The Anger of the Mountain.jpg
| caption = "The Anger of the Mountain" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| name=Caradhras
| location=above [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], between [[Celebdil]] and [[Fanuidhol]], on the border between [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion]]
| belongs=the [[Misty Mountains]]
| description=
| othernames=''[[Redhorn]]'' ([[Westron|W]]), ''[[Barazinbar]]'' ([[Khuzdul|K]])
| events=Capture of [[Celebrían]] Attempt of [[Fellowship of the Ring]] to cross Misty Mountains
| references=
}}

<center>{{Quote|Caradhras was called the Cruel, and had an ill name long years ago, when rumour of Sauron had not been heard in these lands.|[[Gimli]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Ring Goes South]]"}}</center>

'''Caradhras''', called the '''Cruel''' by the [[Dwarves]], was one of the mightiest peaks in the [[Misty Mountains]]. The [[Redhorn Gate]] was a pass that ran along its southern slopes.<ref name="South">{{FR|II3}}</ref>

==Geography==
===Mountain===
[[File:Tom Cross - Caradhras.jpg|thumb|left|''Caradhras'' by [[Tom Cross]]]]
Caradhras was the tallest and northernmost of the [[Mountains of Moria]], the three mountains which the great [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] was built under. The other two were [[Celebdil]] ("Silvertine") and [[Fanuidhol]] ("Cloudyhead"). Caradhras was described as "mighty peak, tipped with snow like silver, but with sheer naked sides". In the light of the rising or setting sun it appeared "dull red as if stained with blood".

Caradhras was called the Cruel by the Dwarves and had long had a bad reputation. The title was granted long before when the name of Sauron was just a rumour.<ref name="South" /> It was the site in Middle-earth where ''[[mithril]]'' was found and where [[Durin's Folk|Dwarves]] woke [[Durin's Bane]], the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Moria]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Caradhras.mp3|Ardamir}}
The name is [[Sindarin]] and means "Redhorn". It is composed of ''[[caran]]'' ("red") and ''[[ras]]'' ("horn"). As a compound, the contact of ''n'' next to ''r'' presents a phenomenon similar to ''[[prestanneth]]'': ''Cara'''n-r'''as'' is assimilated to ''Cara'''dhr'''as''.<ref name="Eldarin">{{PE|Eldarin}}</ref>{{rp|36}}

'''''[[Barazinbar]]''''' (or simply '''''[[Baraz]]'''''<ref name="South" />) is the literal [[Khuzdul]] translation of "Redhorn", from ''[[baraz]]'' + ''[[inbar]]''.<ref name="Eldarin" />{{rp|35}}

'''''Carnirassë''''' is the literal [[Quenya]] translation of "Redhorn", from ''[[carnë]]'' + ''[[rassë]]''.<ref name="Eldarin" />{{rp|36}}<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry '''KARÁN-'''</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Caradhas in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - The Fellowship on Caradhras.png|Caradhras - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Caradhras.jpg|Caradhras - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The Fellowship decides to take the Pass of Caradhas upon realising that passage South was being watched after they were spotted by a large flock of ''[[crebain]]''. Upon taking the Passage, a blizzard appears, accompanied by what Legolas calls "''...a fell voice on the air.''", to which Gandalf says that "''It is Saruman.''" It is shown that Saruman had summoned a great storm to harass the Fellowship on the Pass, until a lightning strike upon the mountain causes an avalanche that buries the Company in snow. At this, Boromir says to turn back and take the Gap of Rohan, to which Aragorn says that it would take the Company too close to Isengard, while Gimli suggests to "''...go [[Moria|under the mountain]].''" Gandalf has Frodo decide, as the Ringbearer, and Frodo elects Moria as the way of passage. Additionally, in his [[magic|spell]], Saruman mentions the [[Neo-Elvish|neo-Quenya]] name of Caradhras as ''Carnirassë''.<ref>{{webcite|website=ELF|articlename=Dialogs in FotR|articleurl=http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_fotr.htm#spell|accessed=30 December 2018}}</ref>

'''2008: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Caradhras is featured in the region of [[Eregion]]. The snowstorms are very strong in this area, and an avalanche prevents further travel to the lands of the east.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Caradhras|Images of Caradhras]]

{{References}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Caradhras]]
[[fi:Caradhras]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:monts brumeux:caradhras]]

Barrow-blades

2025-12-19T13:34:58Z

Dingolthron: Fixed typo: Poppin to Pippin.

{{object infobox
| name=Barrow-blades
| image = Stefano Baldo - Dagger of Westernesse.jpg
| caption="Dagger of Westernesse" by [[:Category:Images by Stefano Baldo|Stefano Baldo]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Found in the [[Barrow-downs]]
| owner=[[Frodo Baggins]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]], [[Peregrin Took]], and [[Samwise Gamgee]]
| type=Sword
| appearance=Long, leaf-shaped, damasked with serpent-forms in red and gold
| creator=[[Dúnedain]] of [[Cardolan]]
| created=During the [[Angmar conflict|conflict]] with [[Angmar]]
| createdlocation=[[Cardolan]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=[[13 October]] {{TA|3018}}, [[15 March]] {{TA|3019}}
| destroyedlocation=[[Ford of Bruinen]], [[Pelennor Fields]]
| notablefor=Cutting a sinew of the [[Witch-king]]
}}

The '''Barrow-blades'''<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}, p. 325</ref> were weapons that [[Tom Bombadil]] brought out of the mound in which [[Frodo Baggins]] and his friends had been imprisoned. Each Barrow-blade had a long, leaf-shaped blade, damasked with serpent-forms in red and gold. They had black sheaths of an unknown metal, light and strong, adorned with fiery stones. Despite their great age they were sharp and unrusted by time.<ref name="Barrow">{{FR|Barrow}}, pp. 145-6</ref>

==History==
The Barrow-blades were created by the [[Dúnedain]] of [[Cardolan]] during their war against the [[Witch-king|Witch-king of Angmar]]. They were made for fighting forces sent from [[Angmar]].<ref name="Barrow" /> After the fall of Cardolan, at least four of these Barrow-blades ended up in the tomb<ref name="Barrow" /> of which it was said that it was the grave of the last prince of that realm who fell in {{TA|1409}}.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}, entry for King Argeleb II, p. 1041</ref>

On [[28 September]] {{TA|3018}},<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref>{{rp|1091}} Frodo, [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] became lost in the [[Barrow-downs]] and were captured by one of the [[Barrow-wights|wights]] and imprisoned in the tomb. Frodo was able to call [[Tom Bombadil]] to their aid, and he opened the tomb and drove the wight away. Tom gave each of them a Barrow-blade from the tomb and told them their history.<ref name="Barrow" />

On [[13 October]],<ref name="Great" />{{rp|1092}} at the [[Ford of Bruinen]] the Witch-king raised up his hand and Frodo's Barrow-blade broke and fell out of his shaking hand.<ref>{{FR|Flight}}, p. 214</ref> The pieces were recovered and passed into the possession of [[Bilbo Baggins]]. Failing to have the blade repaired by elven-smiths, he gifted Frodo with [[Sting]] as a replacement.<ref>{{FR|South}}</ref>

On [[15 January]] {{TA|3019}},<ref name="Great" />{{rp|1092}} Sam felled an [[Orcs|Orc]] with a thrust with his Barrow-blade in the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]].<ref name="Bridge" />

On [[26 February]],<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, February 26, p. 1092</ref> Pippin and Merry had drawn their swords to defend themselves against a group of Orcs in the woods near [[Amon Hen]] and Merry cut off several of the arms and hands of the Orcs with his Barrow-blade before they were captured by the Orcs.<ref>{{TT|Uruk}}, p. 444</ref> The Orcs cast the weapons away in fear, and they were found and recovered by [[Aragorn]].<ref>{{TT|Departure}}, p. 415</ref> He would return the weapons to Merry and Pippin upon their reunion at [[Isengard]].<ref>{{TT|Flotsam}}, p. 564</ref>

On [[6 March]],<ref name="Great" />{{rp|1093}} in the [[Hornburg]] Merry laid his sword in the lap of King [[Théoden]] offering service to him. The king gladly made Merry an esquire of [[Rohan]] of the household of [[Meduseld]].<ref>{{RK|Company}}, p. 777</ref>

When Pippin came before [[Denethor]] in [[Minas Tirith]] on [[9 March]],<ref>{{App|Great}}}, entry for the year 3019, March 9, p. 1093</ref> he offered his sword to the Steward in token of service. Denethor smiled at first but was impressed by the Barrow-blade, recognizing it as coming from his own [[Dúnedain of Arnor|kindred in the North]].<ref>{{RK|MT}}, pp. 755-6</ref>
[[File:Anke Eißmann - The Ride of the Rohirrim.jpg|left|thumb|''The Ride of the Rohirrim'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
On [[13 March]],<ref name="Great" />{{rp|1093}} the the monstrous spider [[Shelob]] stung Frodo and Sam picked up Frodo's sword [[Sting]], which had fallen to the ground, to fight against Shelob. Sam believed Frodo to be dead who had been incapacitated by the poison on Shelob's sting and left his Barrow-blade beside the unconscious Frodo. A patrol of Orcs found the unconscious Frodo and took him and Sam's Barrow-blade with them to the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]. The Orcs were under orders to send a full description of every weapon or ring of any trespasser they had found to [[Barad-dûr|Lugbúrz]].<ref>{{TT|Choices}}, pp. 731, 735-40</ref> Sam's Barrow-blade was probably taken by [[Shagrat]] to Barad-dûr after Shagrat had fled from the Tower of Cirith Ungol with a heavy bundle.

On [[15 March]],<ref name="Great" />{{rp|1094}} during the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], Merry stabbed the Witch-king from behind and pierced his sinew in the back of the knee with his Barrow-blade, which enabled [[Éowyn]] to thrust her sword into his face.<ref name="Battle">{{RK|Battle}}, pp. 841-4</ref>

The Barrow-blade that Merry stabbed into the Witch-king had a power beyond mere metal, for it broke the spell that linked the will of the Ringwraith to his unseen sinews. However, after Merry's blow the blade of the sword writhed and withered, vanishing like a dry branch in a fire. Thus while the Barrow-blade was created centuries before to battle against the forces of Angmar, it contributed to the demise of the Witch-king.<ref name="Battle" />

{{blockquote|So passed the sword of the Barrow-downs, work of Westernesse. But glad would he have been to know its fate who wrought it slowly long ago in the North-kingdom when the Dúnedain were young, and chief among their foes was the dread realm of Angmar and its sorcerer king. No other blade, not though mightier hands had wielded it, would have dealt that foe a wound so bitter, cleaving the undead flesh, breaking the spell that knit his unseen sinews to his will.|''The Return of the King'', "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields"}}

On [[25 March]],<ref name="Great" />{{rp|1094}} the [[Mouth of Sauron]] showed Sam's sword to [[Gandalf]] during a parley in front of the [[Black Gate]] and Gandalf seized it from him before he rejected the terms offered by [[Sauron]]. During the following [[Battle of the Morannon]], Pippin stabbed the great troll-chief of a company of [[Hill-trolls]] from [[Gorgoroth]] with his barrow-blade causing the troll to lose a lot of blood and to crash down.<ref>{{RK|Gate}}, pp. 889-92</ref>

On [[8 April]],<ref name="Chief">{{App|Chief}}, pp. 1095-6</ref> Gandalf returned Sam's Barrow-blade to Sam when they rested in the [[Field of Cormallen]] after the Battle of the Morannon.<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}, p. 954</ref>

On [[2 November]],<ref name="Chief" /> Pippin drew his Barrow-blade and threatened to use it, referring to it as "this troll's bane", and Sam also drew his sword to support him when they were confronted by [[Ruffians]] at [[Bywater]].<ref>{{RK|Scouring}}, p. 1005</ref>

On [[3 November]],<ref name="Chief" /> during the [[Battle of Bywater]] in [[The Shire]] Pippin probably used his Barrow-blade when he and Merry charged the Ruffians.<ref>{{RK|Scouring}}, p. 1015</ref>

==Inspiration==
Swords that dwindle can be seen in the ''Volsungasaga'' and the ''Nibelungenlied''. In ''[[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]'', the sword melts "like ice" after decapitating Grendel and his mother.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/app/uploads/2016/11/Anglo-Saxon-Part-2.pdf|articlename=Tolkien Society Anglo-Saxon Study Pack 2|website=TS|accessed=30 May 2022}}</ref>

{{references}}

{{weapons}}

[[Category:Knives]]

[[fi:Hautakumpujen miekat]]

Michael Tolkien

2025-06-18T13:09:48Z

Dingolthron: Corrected spelling error (bioghaphical to biographical)

{{expansion}}
{{disambig-two|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s son|grandson of Tolkien|[[Michael George Tolkien]]}}
'''Michael Hilary Reuel "Mick" Tolkien''' ([[22 October]], [[1920]] - [[27 February]], [[1984]]) was the second son of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R.]] and [[Edith Tolkien]]. Tolkien wrote the story ''[[Roverandom]]'' as a way to console Michael over the loss of his toy dog; Michael appears in the story as '''boy Two'''.

In the biographical drama film, ''[[Tolkien (film)|Tolkien]]'' ([[2019]]), he appears briefly, and he was portrayed by actor Paul Gurcel Escudero.

==Biography==
===Youth===
Michael owned the puppet on which [[Tom Bombadil]] was based. Like his father, Michael also had '''[[Atlantis-haunting]]''' dreams while J.R.R. never mentioned his own to him.

====''Roverandom''====
In early September [[1925]], the Tolkien family (then [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Ronald]], [[Edith Tolkien|Edith]], [[John Tolkien|John]], Michael and a one-year-old [[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher]]) went on holiday to the seaside resort of Filey in Yorkshire. Although Tolkien had holidayed there previously in [[1922]], Tolkien described Filey as "a very nasty little suburban seaside resort".<ref name="bio">{{HM|Bio}}</ref>{{rp|146}} During the holiday, Michael lost his beloved black-and-white toy dog on the beach; although the family searched for it, the toy dog could not be found.

To console his son, Tolkien created the story of ''Roverandom'' to explain the adventures of the dog. Tolkien wrote the story down, based on his own oral version, in [[1927]] and also provided a number of illustrations which have since been published.<ref name="AI">{{HM|AI}}</ref>{{rp|77–83}} A few years later, Tolkien submitted ''Roverandom'' for publication to [[George Allen & Unwin]] in [[1936]] and although the book described by [[Rayner Unwin]] as "well written and amusing" it was never considered for publication, perhaps as a result of a desire for a [[The Lord of the Rings|sequel to ''The Hobbit'']].<ref name="Roverandom">{{HM|R}}</ref>{{rp|xvii}}

Throughout the story, Michael is referred to as "boy Two" as he's Tolkien's second son. In the story, boy Two is brought home a toy dog which he later loses at the beach. He never forgets the dog and later meets Roverandom in the dreamland on the moon. At the end of the story, boy Two is reunited with Roverandom, who is now a real dog.<ref name="Roverandom" />{{rp|88}}

===Later life===
Michael and his family resided at Payables Farm, Woodcote. They hosted his father in late summer [[1948]]. While the family was away on holiday, his father found the quiet conditions to complete ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xxvii</ref>

His grandson is [[Royd Tolkien]], who had a cameo as a [[Rangers of Ithilien|Ranger]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''.

==Bibliography==
===Article===
*[[1973]]: ''[[J. R. R. Tolkien – The Wizard Father]]'' in "The Sunday Telegraph"
*[[1974]]: Two letters to [[The Tolkien Society]], published in ''[[Mallorn 9]]''

==Family Tree==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | EDB |y| JRR | | | | | | | | | | | |JRR=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|EDB=[[Edith Tolkien|Edith Bratt]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree| | | | JOT | | JOG |y| MIT | | CHT | | PRT |JOT=[[John Tolkien]]|MIT='''MICHAEL TOLKIEN'''|CHT=[[Christopher Tolkien]]|PRT=[[Priscilla Tolkien]]|JOG=[[Joan Griffiths]]}}
{{familytree| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree| | |JOT |~| HUB | | IRF |~| MIT |~| ROW | | JUT |~| ALC |JOT=[[Joan Anne Tolkien]]|HUB=[[Hugh Baker]]|IRF=[[Irene Ferrier]]|MIT=[[Michael George Tolkien|Michael Tolkien]]|ROW=[[Rosemary Walters]]|JUT=[[Judith Tolkien]]|ALC=[[Alan Crombleholme]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==External links==
*[http://archive.catholicherald.co.uk/article/16th-april-1948/2/labour-and-russia-stie-may-i-commend-the-insight-o Labour and Russia] (online letter by Michael Tolkien to ''The Catholic Herald'')

{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien, Michael}}
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:Roverandom]]
[[Category:Tolkien Family]]

[[de:Michael Tolkien]]
[[fr:tolkien/portraits/michael hilary reuel tolkien]]
[[fi:Michael Tolkien]]

Hardang

2025-06-06T14:42:08Z

Dingolthron: /* History */ Fixed typo

{{expansion}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Edain|Adan]]
| name=Hardang
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Chieftain of the Haladin]]
| position=
| location=[[Brethil]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{FA|470}}<ref name=Hardang>{{WJ|Hurin}}, p. 270</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule={{FA|499}} - {{FA|501|n}}
| death={{FA|501}}<ref>{{WJ|Hurin}}, pp. 257-8</ref>
| deathlocation=[[Brethil]]
| age=31
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Haleth]]
| parentage=[[Hundad]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Hardang''' was a [[Chieftain of the Haladin]] in the [[First Age]].

==History==
He descended from [[Halmir]] of the [[House of Haleth]], and was the son of [[Hundad]] son of [[Hundar]].<ref name="Hardang" /> After the death of the Chieftain of Brethil, [[Handir]], Hardang tried to have his cousin, [[Brandir]] dismissed of the throne in favor of himself. Many believed Brandir was unfit to rule and supported Hardang.

After the death of Brandir a new Chieftain had to be elected. As Brandir had no children the [[Men of Brethil]] wished for his cousin [[Manthor]] to take up the line, however they were connected by a daughter, and thus Hardang won the election. Hardang promoted Manthor to become the Captain of the Guards at the [[Crossings of Taeglin]].

Within two years of Hardang's rule, rumors of the return of [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]] began spreading. Hardang disliked the [[House of Hador]] for he had no blood relation, and upon Húrin's return, at the [[Folkmoot for Judgement|Folkmoot]], Manthor defended Húrin against Hardang.

The Folk of Brethil were angered by Hardang's actions and burned the [[Hall of the Chieftains]]. Hardang attempted to escape but was hit with a spear in his back and he perished.

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | |HAM| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HAM=[[Halmir]] ''{{FA|390|n}} - {{FA|471|n}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree| HAL |y| GLO | | HUN | | | | HAR |y| GAL | | HIR |y| ENT |HAL=[[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]] ''{{FA|414|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|HUN=[[Hundar]] ''{{FA|418|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|HAR=[[Hareth]] ''b. {{FA|420|n}}''|HIR=[[Hiril]] ''unknown''|GLO=[[Glóredhel]] ''{{FA|415|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]] ''{{FA|417|n}} - {{FA|462|n}}''|ENT=[[Enthor]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | HAI | | HUL | | HUD | | HUR | | HUO | | | | MEL | | |HAI=[[Handir]] ''{{FA|441|n}} - {{FA|495|n}}''|HUL=[[Hunleth]] ''b. {{FA|443|n}}''|HUD=[[Hundad]] ''b. {{FA|447|n}}''|HUR=[[Húrin]] ''{{FA|441|n}} - {{FA|502|n}}''|HUO=[[Huor]] ''{{FA|444|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|MEL=[[Meleth]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | |BRA| | | | | |HRD| | | | | | | | | |HNT| |MAN| | | |BRA=[[Brandir]] ''{{FA|465|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''|HRD='''HARDANG''' ''{{FA|470|n}} - {{FA|501|n}}''|HNT=[[Hunthor]] ''{{FA|467|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''|MAN=[[Manthor]] ''{{FA|469|n}} - {{FA|501|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In early versions of the story, Hardang's name was Harathor, and it was he, not Manthor, who was the brother of Túrin's companion Hunthor.

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=edain
|house=[[House of Haleth]]
|born={{FA|470}}
|died={{FA|501}}
}}
{{seq
|pvac=
|prev=[[Brandir]]
|next=[[Avranc]]
|list=[[Chieftain of the Haladin]]
|dates={{FA|499}} - {{FA|501|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Chieftains of the Haladin]]
[[Category:Edain]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Haleth]]

[[de:Hardang]]
[[fi:Hardang]]

Tuor

2025-05-21T14:39:21Z

Dingolthron: /* The Book of Lost Tales */

{{footnotes}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Edain|Adan]]
| name=Tuor
| image=Ted Nasmith - Tuor at Vinyamar.jpg
| caption="Tuor at Vinyamar" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Eladar'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Ulmondil'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) "the Blessed"
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Wing]]
| position=
| location=[[Dor-lómin]]; [[Gondolin]]; [[Mouths of Sirion]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Orkish]]<ref name="UT1p47">{{UT|1}}, pp. 47</ref> and [[Quenya]]
| birth={{FA|472}}
| birthlocation=[[Dor-lómin]]
| rule=
| sailedwest={{FA|525}}<ref group=note>The [[1930]] ''[[Quenta Noldorinwa]]'' gives a more detailed account of Tuor's fate: {{quote|But Tuor alone of mortal [[Men]] was numbered among the [[Elves|elder race]], and joined with the [[Noldor|Noldoli]] whom he loved, and in after time dwelt still, or so it hath been said, '''ever upon his ship voyaging the seas of the Elven-lands, or resting a while in the harbours of the [[Noldor|Gnomes]] of [[Tol Eressëa]]; and his fate is sundered from the [[Gift of Men|fate of Men]]'''.|Note 3 to §17 (second version) of the ''[[Quenta Noldorinwa]]'', ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]''}}</ref><ref>{{SM|Q17II}}, Note 3, p. 155</ref><ref>{{LR|P1III2}}, Note 7, p. 71</ref>
| sailedfrom=[[Mouths of Sirion]]
| age=53
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| parentage=[[Huor]] & [[Rían]] fostered by [[Annael]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]]
| children=[[Eärendil]]
| gender=Male
| height=Tallest of all the [[Edain]]<ref>{{UT|Narn}}</ref>
| hair=Golden
| eyes=
| clothing=Elven armour, including shield
| weapons=[[Dramborleg]], sword
| steed=[[Eärrámë]] (ship)
}}
{{quote|I am Tuor son of Huor of the House of Hador and the kindred of Húrin, and these names, I am told, are not unknown in the Hidden Kingdom.|Tuor to [[Elemmakil]] in ''[[Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin]]''}}

'''Tuor Eladar''' was a hero of the [[Edain]] in the last years of the [[First Age]] and the father of [[Eärendil]]. In spite of being a Man, he was chosen by the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Ulmo]] to be the last hope of the [[Noldor]] in the face of annihilation by the forces of [[Morgoth]].

Born in the winter of the [[Year of Lamentation]], Tuor's life coincided with the final defeat of the Edain and the Noldor-in-Exile by the forces of Morgoth. He was of the [[House of Hador]], but after the deaths of his parents [[Huor]] and [[Rían]] in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], he was fostered by the surviving [[Elves of Mithrim]]. He passed his youth a refugee and an outlaw, before being guided by the Vala Ulmo to the hidden city of [[Gondolin]]. There he rose high in the favour of the [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Turgon]] and wedded the elf-maiden [[Idril]], the King's daughter. Escaping the [[Fall of Gondolin]], he and his family came to the [[Mouths of Sirion]]. After abiding there long enough to see Eärendil to manhood, Tuor finally succumbed to his [[sea-longing]] and, with Idril, departed [[Middle-earth]] for the [[Aman|West]]. The tradition of the Noldor was that he became the only Man to be accepted as one of the [[Elves|elder kindred]] and will share with them an immortal life in [[Valinor]] as long as [[Arda]] will endure.<ref name="S23">{{S|23}}</ref><ref name="Letter153">{{L|153}}</ref>

==Family and heritage==
His father Huor and his elder brother [[Húrin]] were fostered with their kin in [[Brethil]]. They were of the House of Hador, but also descended from the [[House of Haleth]] through their mother [[Hareth]]. During a battle following the [[Dagor Bragollach]], the brothers escaped the hordes of Morgoth with the aid of Ulmo, and [[Thorondor]] brought them to Gondolin. Ulmo counselled King Turgon to treat them as guests, as help would come to him from their House. After they learnt much from the [[Gondolindrim]], Turgon reluctantly waived his law and let them leave on a condition of silence.<ref name="RuinOfBeleriand">{{S|18}}</ref>

On his return, Huor married Rían of the [[House of Bëor]]. Thus Tuor was a descendant of all the Three Houses of the Edain. When Tuor was conceived, Huor gave him his name before he was born. Months later Huor fell in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] defending the retreat of Turgon, speaking his last words to the Elven King: "...out of your house shall come the hope of Elves and Men... from you and from me a new [[Star of Eärendil|star]] shall arise".<ref>{{CH|2}}, p. 58</ref>

==History==
[[File:Anke Eißmann - The Fostering of Tuor.jpg|thumb|''The Fostering of Tuor'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
After hearing news of the battle, Rían became distraught and left [[Dor-lómin]] to wander alone in the wild. She was rescued by the [[Sindar]] of [[Mithrim]] who took her to their dwelling in the [[Mountains of Mithrim|mountains]]. Before the end of the year Tuor was born and was given to the [[Elves of Mithrim]] to be fostered. Rían, having heard from [[Annael]], the leader of the Elves, the news of Huor's death, made her way to [[Haudh-en-Ndengin]], where she laid down in grief and died.<ref name="TurinTurambar">{{S|21}}</ref>

Soon after, [[Hithlum]] was occupied by the [[Swarthy Men]] who had joined Morgoth in the Nírnaeth. Annael and his people therefore took refuge in the caves of [[Androth]], where Tuor spent his youth. At the age of sixteen, Tuor wished to make war upon the Orcs and the [[Incomers]] who oppressed the land of his fathers, but was forbidden by Annael. Rather, in {{FA|488}}, the group resolved to flee Hithlum by the [[Annon-in-Gelydh]] and make their way to the [[Mouths of Sirion]]. Soon after setting out, however, they were assailed by [[Orcs]] and forced to scatter into the night. Tuor, however, refused to flee, and stood his ground, slaying many enemies before being captured.

===Journeys in the Wild===
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - And his heart was filled with longing.jpg|thumb|''And his heart was filled with longing'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
Tuor was thrall in the House of [[Lorgan]], chief of the [[Easterlings]] of Dor-lómin, for three years. He was treated harshly because Lorgan knew of his lineage, but nevertheless endured the torment until he found his opportunity to escape. Upon being sent into the woods on an errand, he slew his guards and, escaping pursuit, returned to the caves of Androth. For the next four years he dwelt alone there as an outlaw, slaying many Easterlings and accumulating a large price on his head. He was seeking the Annon-in-Gelydh – the 'Gate of the Noldor' through the [[Ered Lómin]], by which Annael had intended to escape Hithlum unnoticed. After years of searching, the Vala Ulmo, who had long ago chosen Tuor as his instrument, sent him a sign that finally led him to the Gate of the Noldor. Upon reaching its entrance, Tuor met [[Gelmir (messenger of Círdan)|Gelmir]] and [[Arminas]], messengers of [[Círdan]] who were seeking a way to [[Gondolin]], and they showed him the path through the mountains to [[Nevrast]].

In {{FA|495}}, Tuor passed through Nevrast and became the first Man to reach the shores of [[Belegaer]], the Great Sea, and felt for the first time the sea-longing that would stay with him the rest of his life. He lingered by Belegaer until the autumn, and then after receiving another sign from Ulmo, followed seven [[swans]] southward. These led him to the abandoned city of [[Vinyamar]] where long ago Turgon had dwelt and, at the behest of Ulmo, left a sword, armour and a shield bearing the device of a white swan on a blue field. Tuor took these arms and made his way to the shore. Then during a great storm the Lord of Waters finally appeared to Tuor directly, ordering him to seek the city of Gondolin, and giving him a cloak that had a power to hide him from foes. The next morning he met [[Voronwë]], an elf of Gondolin who had been shipwrecked off the coast of Beleriand, rescued, and brought to Vinyamar by Ulmo. After hearing Tuor speak the words of Ulmo, Voronwë agreed to guide him to the hidden gate of Gondolin.

===Life in Gondolin===
[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Tuor's sighting at Lake Ivrin.jpg|thumb|left|''Tuor's sighting at Lake Ivrin'' by [[Peter Xavier Price]]]]
Voronwë led Tuor through the [[Woods of Núath]], a land desolated by the recent passing of [[Glaurung]] the Dragon to [[Nargothrond]]. At the [[Pools of Ivrin]] Tuor caught a brief glimpse of his ill-fated cousin [[Túrin]], son of Hurin, as he cried for [[Finduilas]] – the only time their two paths ever crossed. Then after enduring a [[Fell Winter (First Age)|bitter winter]] Tuor and Voronwë finally reached the gate of Gondolin. They were taken as prisoners by [[Elemmakil]] and brought before [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] who, recognising from his arms that Tuor had been sent by Ulmo, welcomed them into the city with honour. Tuor then came before the High King Turgon and delivered the message of Ulmo: the [[Doom of Mandos]] was nearing its fulfilment and Turgon should abandon his city and retreat to the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]].
[[File:Šárka Škorpíková - Idril, Earendil, Tuor.jpg|thumb|''Idril, Earendil, Tuor'' by [[:Category:Images by Šárka Škorpíková|Šárka Škorpíková]]]]
Turgon however chose not to heed Ulmo's warning, though it did prompt him to block up the hidden door and make Gondolin's isolation complete. Therefore Tuor remained in Gondolin, and like his father before him, he learned much from the Elves. He fell in love with [[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]], the daughter of the King, and she with him, and in {{FA|502}} they were married.<ref>{{WJ|P3}}, note 18.</ref> This [[Unions of Elves and Men|union]], as well as the favour of the King and the memory of his father, endeared Tuor to the people of Gondolin and he was made the leader of the [[House of the Wing]]. Only [[Maeglin]] harboured a secret hatred and jealousy of him.

Soon after their union a [[Half-elven]] was born to Tuor and Idril, who was named [[Eärendil]] or 'Sea-friend', reflecting the 'sea-longing' Tuor passed to his son.<ref name="Letter297">{{L|297}}</ref>

===Fall of Gondolin===
But in {{FA|510}}, Gondolin's secrecy finally failed. First [[Húrin]], Tuor's uncle, released from Morgoth's long torment and attempting to enter the city, revealed its location in the [[Encircling Mountains]]. Still Morgoth would not have found an entrance to the city were it not for the treachery of Maeglin, who having defied the King's order and ventured outside the encircling mountains was captured by Orcs and brought to Angband – there he betrayed Turgon in return for the promise of the lordship of Gondolin and the possession of Idril.
[[File:Natalie Chen - Tuor.jpg|thumb|''Tuor'' by [[:Category:Images by Natalie Chen|Natalie Chen]]]]
During the subsequent [[Fall of Gondolin|siege]] Tuor fought valiantly. He rescued Idril from Maeglin, throwing the Elf from the walls of the city to his death. But in the end Gondolin fell and Turgon was killed. Tuor and Idril led the survivors of the sack in a desperate escape through the [[Idril's secret way|secret way]] Idril had prepared and over the mountains. Protected by Ulmo they journeyed down the vale of [[Sirion]] to the Havens at its mouth – the last refuge of the Elves of Beleriand. On the way the remnant of Gondolin stopped in [[Nan-tathren]] to make a feast in memory of the fallen, and here Tuor composed ''[[The Horns of Ylmir]]'' for his son Eärendil.

===Fate===
Tuor and Idril dwelt for a while at the Mouths of Sirion. But eventually the sea-longing that had been instilled in him when he first came to the shores of Belegaer grew too strong. In {{FA|525}} he built a ship, [[Eärrámë]] ([[Quenya|Q]]: 'Sea-wing'), and sailed to the [[Aman|West]] with Idril, and possibly [[Voronwë]] also.<ref name="WJ-TYears">{{WJ|Years}}</ref> It was a tradition under the [[Eldar]] and [[Edain]] that they arrived in [[Valinor]], and that Tuor alone of Men was counted among the Eldar, immortal as other Elves.<ref group="note">Apparently by the special will of [[Ilúvatar]] himself; see [[Letter 153]].</ref>

However Huor's prophecy on the field of Nírnaeth Arnoediad proved true. In the same year that Tuor and Idril departed, Eärendil married [[Elwing]]. At first seeking after his father, he sailed to Valinor and roused the Valar to the [[War of Wrath]], and so became the prophesied saviour of the Elves and Men of Middle-earth. Through Eärendil, Tuor was an ancestor of the [[Half-elven]] and the [[Kings of Númenor]].

==Characteristics==
Tuor was "fair of face" and inherited the golden hair of the [[House of Hador]]. As a man he was "strong and tall and valiant" and skilled at arms. But, being raised by Elves, he also had great lore and skill.<ref name="UT1p23-24">{{UT|1}}, pp. 23-24</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Tuor'' was adapted to [[Sindarin]] from the language of the [[Edain]],<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 348, 364 (note 49)</ref><ref group="note">In a draft for a letter, Tolkien used the form ''Túor'' (cf. [[Letter 153]]).</ref> but its original meaning is not glossed.

In ''[[The Etymologies]]'', [[Noldorin]] ''Tuor'' ("strength-vigour") derives from [[Common Eldarin]] ''tūghor, tū-gor'' ([[Sundocarme|root]] TUG-). In the context of this etymology, ''Tuor'' can likely be analysed as ''[[tû]]'' ("strength") + a derivative of root GOR ("violence, impetus, haste").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "GOR-", "TUG-"</ref>

==Other names==
Tuor bore the epithets '''''Eladar''''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] "Starfather"), '''''Ulmondil''''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] "Friend of Ulmo")<ref>{{WJ|West}}, ''(ii) The House of Hador'', p. 235</ref> and '''[[the Blessed]]'''.<ref name="TheBlessed">{{GA|144}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
His paternal grandfather [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]] was the [[Lord of Dor-lómin]],<ref name="SComingOfMen">{{S|17}}.</ref> so Tuor technically inherited that title after the death of his cousin [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] in {{FA|499}}, though by that time Dor-lómin had long since ceased to exist as a realm of the Edain. In [[Gondolin]] he was made the Lord of the [[House of the Wing]].

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | MAR | | HAL | | BEO | | | | | | |MAR=[[Marach]] ''[[House of Hador]]''|HAL=[[Haldad]] ''[[House of Haleth]]''|BEO=[[Bëor]] ''[[House of Bëor]]''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | GAL |y| HAR | | |:| TUR |y| ELE |GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]] ''{{FA|417}} - [[First Age 462|462]]''|HAR=[[Hareth]] ''born {{FA|417}}''|TUR=[[Turgon]] ''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|510}}''|ELE=[[Elenwë]] ''born during {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |:| | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | MOR |y| HUR | | HUO |y| RIA | | |!| | | |MOR=[[Morwen]] ''{{FA|443}} - c. [[First Age 500|500]]''|HUR=[[Húrin]] ''{{FA|441}} - c. [[First Age 500|500]]''|HUO=[[Huor]] ''{{FA|444}} - [[First Age 472|472]]''|RIA=[[Rían]] ''{{FA|450}} - [[First Age 472|472]]''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | TUO |~|y|~| IDR | | |TUR=[[Túrin]] ''{{FA|463}} - [[First Age 499|499]]''|LAL=[[Lalaith]] ''{{FA|466}} - [[First Age 469|469]]''|NIE=[[Nienor]] ''{{FA|473}} - [[First Age 499|499]]''|TUO='''TUOR''' ''born {{FA|472}}''|IDR=[[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]] ''born during {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | ELW |y| EAR | | | | | |ELW=[[Elwing]] ''born {{FA|503}}''|EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''born {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | ROS | | RON | | | | | |ROS=[[Elros]] ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''|RON=[[Elrond]] ''born {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===
[[File:Alan Lee - Tuor strikes a note on his harp.jpg|thumb|''Tuor strikes a note on his harp'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Tuor is the protagonist of the first tale of the [[legendarium]] written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]: "[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]", which became part of ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''.

The tale begins without mentioning Tuor's early life and lineage, though later he introduces himself to the [[Gondothlim]] as "''Tuor son of [[Peleg]] son of [[Indor]] of the [[house of the Swan]] of the sons of the Men of the North''".<ref name="Gondolin">{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|160}} He was from the folk of [[Dor Lómin]], but he did not dwell with them, but lived in the woods of [[Mithrim]], singing with is harp. Now, his singing called the attention of other men, so he departed to lonely places. Thus destiny brought him to a cavern, and guided there by some [[Noldoli]], he crossed the [[Golden Cleft]] to the sea. There he built a house, which was called [[Falasquil]]. One day he saw three swans flying by the shore, and decided to follow them, for he had chosen the Swan as a emblem. Thus he reached a [[Sirion|river]], full of birds, and amid them he lost the sight of the swans. Then a group of [[Noldoli]] took him through the fenland region of [[Arlisgion]] and hence to the [[Nan-tathren|Land of Willows]]. Here Tuor tarried long time, for he was amazed with the trees and insects that lived there, but Ulmo appeared to him directly and ordered him to seek Gondolin.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|149–55}}

Tuor began his journey northwards seeking for the city with the help of wandering [[Gnomes]], but all of them abandoned him fearing Melko's creatures, but the Gnome [[Voronwë]] remained faithful and encouraged Tuor. Thus they reached an enchanted gate, which was hidden to any eye save for those Noldoli who escaped from Melko. After crossing a long and dark tunnel, they came to the light of a great plain, and in the middle they saw the city upon [[Amon Gwareth]]. The guards welcomed them and explained Tuor the [[Gondolin#The Seven Names|seven names of the city]].<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|156–8}}

After a day of march, Tuor and Voronwë entered Gondolin, greeted with awe by its people, and were taken before King [[Turgon]]. There Tuor, given the power and majesty of Ulmo's own voice, told Turgon to gather his forces and attack Melko as the time for his overthrow was ripe. Turgon refused this counsel and so Tuor warned him that both [[Elves]] and [[Men]] would suffer for a long time before the [[Valar]] could contrive another means of salvation. However Tuor voiced Ulmo's other [[Ulmo's warning|counsel]]: to leave Gondolin, travel down the Sirion, build ships and sail back to [[Valinor]] to ask the Gods for help against Melko. Again Turgon refused, which caused Tuor a great sadness. Sitting beside the fountain of the king, he longed for the sea, but Turgon invited him to dwell in Gondolin, even in the king's halls, and he accepted, as he was weary. There he learned many things that would otherwise be kept secret from the race of Men. Matters of music, lore, architecture and culture were all taught to him and he became beloved in the city. Turgon had a suit of armour made for him and an axe, [[Dramborleg]]. Some years later he married Turgon's daughter [[Idril]] at [[Gar Ainion]], and [[Meglin]], the king's nephew, became jealous of them. In those days the desire of the Valar was fulfilled because Idril bore Tuor a son: [[Eärendel]].<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|160–5}}

At some point, a worried Idril asked Tuor to build a [[Idril's secret way|secret tunnel]] from their house to out of the city. He did not understand its purpose clearly, but answered "''better is any plan than a lack of counsel''".<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|168}} Some years later, Idril's concerns increased, and she [[Foresight|foretold]] him that the day was coming in which he would have to make a choice. She also asked him to gather a guard of faithful men and gave them his emblem, while she convinced his father to allow Tuor to make his own house and become a lord of the city.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|170–1}} Thus was made the bodyguard of Tuor, the [[house of the Wing]] which was counted as the [[Twelve houses of the Gondothlim|twelfth house of Gondolin]].<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|174}}
[[File:Tom Loback - Tuor slays Othrod.jpg|thumb|''Tuor slays Othrod'' by [[Tom Loback]]]]
When the [[Fall of Gondolin]] began, Tuor proposed to abandon the city to save its women and children, but King Turgon followed Meglin's advice of facing siege.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|175}} Tuor led his men to his house to say farewell to Idril and Eärendel before joining battle. But once there he found Meglin and the [[folk of the Mole]] capturing his family, "and lo! Tuor gives a shout so great that the Orcs hear it afar and waver at the sound of it". Seeing Tuor, Meglin tried to stab Eärendel, but the father jumped across the enemy and seized Meglin, took him by the middle and ghim out the walls to the fire. Then Tuor left [[Voronwë]] and some of his men with [[Idril]], and took the rest to the battle in the gate.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|177–8}}

Near the gate Tuor and his folk joined the battle alongside the [[house of the Fountain]], but soon some [[dragons]] pulled down the western walls of the city and enemies poured in. The wings in Tuor's helm blackened with the dragon flames, but he stood commanding all the men around. There he slain three [[Orcs|orc-lords]]: [[Othrod]], [[Balcmeg]] and [[Lug]]; as well as five [[Balrogs]]. Eventually he was forced to retreat bearing the injured Ecthelion. After being rescued by [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]] in the [[Square of the Folkwell]], he rallied what remained of the defenders of the city and made for the [[Square of the Palace|King's Square]].<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|180–2}}

Tuor, with help of [[Glorfindel]], cleansed the Square of enemies, and later kept its defence with the help of [[Egalmoth]] in what is known as the bravest stand in all stories. However, a dragon entered followed by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog, lord of Balrogs]] and Tuor and Egalmoth would have perished, but Ecthelion came to their aid and slew the Balrog, going to his own death in the attempt. At this point Turgon conceded the city was lost and refused to fight or leave, ordering Tuor to lead the survivors out of the city. Tuor was divided between his loyalty to the King and the love to his family, but chose to lead the survivors.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|183–6}} After they crossed the secret tunnel, they emerged onto the plain of [[Tumladin]] and ran to the Mountains for the whole night. With the rising of the sun, Tuor rescued Eärendel, who had fled the city earlier with a servant called [[Hendor]], from a pack of [[wolf-riders]]. Once reunited with their son, Tuor and Idril explained him the end of Gondolin.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|189–91}}

[[Tolkien]] never finished ''The Book of Lost Tales'', so there are contradictory outlines about the end of Tuor: first he sails alone in secret in his ship Alqarámë.<ref name="Earendel">{{LT2|V}}, pp. 253-4</ref> But later it is given a more detailed outline of his depart:

{{blockquote|One evening he calls Eärendel and they go to the shore. There is a skiff. Tûr bids farewell to Eärendel and bids him thrust it off — the skiff fares away into the West. Eärendel hears a great song swelling from the sea as Tûr's skiff dips over the world's rim.|''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', "[[The Tale of Eärendel]]", p. 260}}

In the different manuscripts of ''The Fall of Gondolin'' Tolkien alternated between "Tuor" and "'''Tûr'''", but eventually settled on "Tuor" in the [[The Earliest 'Silmarillion'|1930s ''Silmarillion'']].

{{references|note}}
{{HousesofGondolin}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Edain]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Tuor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple de hador/tuor]]
[[fi:Tuor]]

Thengel

2025-03-04T19:44:59Z

Dingolthron: /* Etymology */ corrected spelling error (modernized)

{{infobox character
| people=[[Rohirrim|Rohir]]
| name=Thengel
| image=Warren Mahy - Thengel.png
| caption="Thengel" by [[Warren Mahy]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Thengel The Thrice-renowned
| titles=[[King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohanese]], [[Westron]] and possibly [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{TA|2905}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2953}} - {{TA|2980|n}}
| death={{TA|2980}}
| deathlocation=
| age=75
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=[[Fengel]]
| siblings=Two older sisters<ref name=Fengel/>
| spouse=[[Morwen Steelsheen]]
| children=[[Théoden]], [[Théodwyn]], three unnamed daughters
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Thengel the Thrice-renowned''' ([[Third Age]] {{TA|2905|n}} – {{TA|2980|n}}, aged 75 years) was the sixteenth [[King of Rohan]].<ref name="Thengel">{{App|Mark}}, ''Second Line'', 16. ''Thengel'', p. 1069</ref> Thengel was the only son of [[Fengel]], and became king after the death of his father in {{TA|2953}}.<ref name="Fengel">{{App|Mark}}, ''Second Line'', 15. ''Fengel'', p. 1069</ref>

==History==
His father king Fengel was a greedy man who quarreled with his marshals and children. When he reached his manhood Thengel left Rohan and went to [[Gondor]], where he won great renown in the service of Steward [[Turgon (Steward of Gondor)|Turgon]].<ref name="Fengel" /> Eventually he met and married [[Morwen Steelsheen]] of [[Lossarnach]] in {{TA|2943|n}}, and he lived with her there for a while. Morwen bore him three children during their time in Gondor - his only son (his second child) [[Théoden]] in {{TA|2948|n}} and two daughters.<ref name="Thengel" />

After Fengel died in {{TA|2953}},<ref name="Fengel" /> Thengel was called to come back to Rohan and reluctantly returned with his wife and three children from Gondor. After his return [[Westron]],<ref>{{PM|XIntro}}, citing from the essay Of Dwarves and Men</ref> the speech of Gondor, was used in his house, which some men disapproved.<ref name="Thengel" /> Soon afterwards the [[Wizards|wizard]] [[Saruman]] declared himself as Lord of [[Isengard]] and began to support the enemies of Rohan.<ref name="Thengel" /> Around {{TA|2957|n}} or later, a mysterious Northerner calling himself [[Thorongil]] came to Rohan and served Thengel for some time.<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the years 2957-80, p. 1090</ref> Later Thorongil went to Gondor where he entered the service of Steward [[Ecthelion II]] and became a great captain and great leader of men by land or by sea.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Ecthelion II, p. 1055</ref> In Rohan Morwen bore Thengel two more daugthers, including [[Théodwyn]] in {{TA|2963}},<ref name="Thengel" /> who would be the mother of [[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]].<ref>{{App|Mark}}, ''Third Line'', p. 1070</ref>

After Thengel the kings of Rohan and their descendants also spoke [[Gondor Sindarin|Sindarin]], the language of nobles in Gondor.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, note 2</ref>

==Etymology==
''Thengel'' is a modernized spelling of the [[Old English]] word ''Þengel'', which means "prince".<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.bosworthtoller.com/ Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]|articleurl=https://bosworthtoller.com/31660|articlename=Þengel|accessed=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 368</ref><ref>{{WR|3|VII}}, note 9, p. 355</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | FOL | | | | | | | | | | |FOL=[[Folcwine]] ''{{TA|2830|n}} - {{TA|2903|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | FOL | | FAS | | FEN | | DAU | | | | |FOL=[[Folcred]] ''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†|FAS=[[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] ''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|FEN=[[Fengel]] ''{{TA|2870|n}} - {{TA|2953|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | DAU | | THE |y| MOR | | | | |DAU=''two daughters'' ''unknown''|THE='''THENGEL''' ''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]] ''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELF |y| THE | | DAU | | THW |y| EOM |ELF=[[Elfhild]] ''d. {{TA|2978|n}}''|THE=[[Théoden]] ''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|DAU=''three daughters'' ''unknown''|THW=[[Théodwyn]] ''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''|EOM=[[Éomund]] ''d. {{TA|3002|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | THE | | | | | | | | EOM | | EOW |THE=[[Théodred]] ''{{TA|2978|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|EOM=[[Éomer]] ''{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}''|EOW=[[Éowyn]] ''b. {{TA|2995|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references|Notes}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born={{TA|2905}}
| died={{TA|2980}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Fengel]]
| list=16th [[King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|2953}} – {{TA|2980|n}}
| next=[[Théoden]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
[[Category:Kings of Rohan]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Thengel]]
[[fi:Thengel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes du nord/rohirrim/thengel]]

Thengel

2025-03-04T18:49:29Z

Dingolthron: /* History */ Corrected spelling error (rime to time), reordered sentence for clarity, and eliminated the part about Theodwyn since it is mentioned in the next paragraph (and it makes more sense there).

{{infobox character
| people=[[Rohirrim|Rohir]]
| name=Thengel
| image=Warren Mahy - Thengel.png
| caption="Thengel" by [[Warren Mahy]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Thengel The Thrice-renowned
| titles=[[King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohanese]], [[Westron]] and possibly [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{TA|2905}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2953}} - {{TA|2980|n}}
| death={{TA|2980}}
| deathlocation=
| age=75
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=[[Fengel]]
| siblings=Two older sisters<ref name=Fengel/>
| spouse=[[Morwen Steelsheen]]
| children=[[Théoden]], [[Théodwyn]], three unnamed daughters
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Thengel the Thrice-renowned''' ([[Third Age]] {{TA|2905|n}} – {{TA|2980|n}}, aged 75 years) was the sixteenth [[King of Rohan]].<ref name="Thengel">{{App|Mark}}, ''Second Line'', 16. ''Thengel'', p. 1069</ref> Thengel was the only son of [[Fengel]], and became king after the death of his father in {{TA|2953}}.<ref name="Fengel">{{App|Mark}}, ''Second Line'', 15. ''Fengel'', p. 1069</ref>

==History==
His father king Fengel was a greedy man who quarreled with his marshals and children. When he reached his manhood Thengel left Rohan and went to [[Gondor]], where he won great renown in the service of Steward [[Turgon (Steward of Gondor)|Turgon]].<ref name="Fengel" /> Eventually he met and married [[Morwen Steelsheen]] of [[Lossarnach]] in {{TA|2943|n}}, and he lived with her there for a while. Morwen bore him three children during their time in Gondor - his only son (his second child) [[Théoden]] in {{TA|2948|n}} and two daughters.<ref name="Thengel" />

After Fengel died in {{TA|2953}},<ref name="Fengel" /> Thengel was called to come back to Rohan and reluctantly returned with his wife and three children from Gondor. After his return [[Westron]],<ref>{{PM|XIntro}}, citing from the essay Of Dwarves and Men</ref> the speech of Gondor, was used in his house, which some men disapproved.<ref name="Thengel" /> Soon afterwards the [[Wizards|wizard]] [[Saruman]] declared himself as Lord of [[Isengard]] and began to support the enemies of Rohan.<ref name="Thengel" /> Around {{TA|2957|n}} or later, a mysterious Northerner calling himself [[Thorongil]] came to Rohan and served Thengel for some time.<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the years 2957-80, p. 1090</ref> Later Thorongil went to Gondor where he entered the service of Steward [[Ecthelion II]] and became a great captain and great leader of men by land or by sea.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Ecthelion II, p. 1055</ref> In Rohan Morwen bore Thengel two more daugthers, including [[Théodwyn]] in {{TA|2963}},<ref name="Thengel" /> who would be the mother of [[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]].<ref>{{App|Mark}}, ''Third Line'', p. 1070</ref>

After Thengel the kings of Rohan and their descendants also spoke [[Gondor Sindarin|Sindarin]], the language of nobles in Gondor.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, note 2</ref>

==Etymology==
''Thengel'' is a moderzined spelling of the [[Old English]] word ''Þengel'', which means "prince".<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.bosworthtoller.com/ Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]|articleurl=https://bosworthtoller.com/31660|articlename=Þengel|accessed=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 368</ref><ref>{{WR|3|VII}}, note 9, p. 355</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | FOL | | | | | | | | | | |FOL=[[Folcwine]] ''{{TA|2830|n}} - {{TA|2903|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | FOL | | FAS | | FEN | | DAU | | | | |FOL=[[Folcred]] ''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†|FAS=[[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] ''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|FEN=[[Fengel]] ''{{TA|2870|n}} - {{TA|2953|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | DAU | | THE |y| MOR | | | | |DAU=''two daughters'' ''unknown''|THE='''THENGEL''' ''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]] ''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELF |y| THE | | DAU | | THW |y| EOM |ELF=[[Elfhild]] ''d. {{TA|2978|n}}''|THE=[[Théoden]] ''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|DAU=''three daughters'' ''unknown''|THW=[[Théodwyn]] ''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''|EOM=[[Éomund]] ''d. {{TA|3002|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | THE | | | | | | | | EOM | | EOW |THE=[[Théodred]] ''{{TA|2978|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|EOM=[[Éomer]] ''{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}''|EOW=[[Éowyn]] ''b. {{TA|2995|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references|Notes}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born={{TA|2905}}
| died={{TA|2980}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Fengel]]
| list=16th [[King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|2953}} – {{TA|2980|n}}
| next=[[Théoden]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
[[Category:Kings of Rohan]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Thengel]]
[[fi:Thengel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes du nord/rohirrim/thengel]]

User talk:Dingolthron

2023-06-16T13:40:02Z

Dingolthron: /* Tolkien's Favorite Artist */ Reply

{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Dingolthron}}

-- [[User:Mith|'''Mith''']] ([[User talk:Mith|'''Talk''']]/[[Special:Contributions/Mith|Contribs]]/[[Special:Editcount/Mith/Edits|Edits]]) 17:23, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

== Tolkien's Favorite Artist ==

Thanks so much for your help on the [[Poems and Songs of Middle Earth]] article! I apologize but I've temporarily undid your edit as there was no reference for the statement. I think you're probably right, but when we add a statement like that we need to make sure we also include a reference to where Tolkien stated or implied that Pauline Baynes was his favorite. If you can find the source, I can help you with how to add it into the article. We appreciate your help! [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 13:52, 15 June 2023 (UTC)

:My apologies. I know I've read of his admiration for her work, but I don't have a direct source. I've done a bit of searching around the site here for help. Letter 235 and "Letter to Pauline Baynes" both demonstrate that he sought and appreciated her art for his written works. Also, for what it's worth, the page on The Chronicles of Narnia calls Baynes "Tolkien's favourite artist" with no reference.
:Anyway, I thought a quick addition to Pauline Baynes would be nice for this particular page. Could I rephrase my addition to say something more like "an artist Tolkien appreciated and frequently used" with a reference to Letter 235 and/or the "Letter to Pauline Baynes"? [[User:Dingolthron|Dingolthron]] ([[User talk:Dingolthron|talk]]) 15:23, 15 June 2023 (UTC)
::No worries at all, I'll try to do some digging too. In the mean time I agree, your rephrasing with the reference to Letter 235 sounds great. You can simply append <nowiki><ref>{{L|235}}</ref></nowiki> to the phrase to add the reference. The ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' statement without a source doesn't surprise me, we still have a lot of work to do. If you want to tackle it while we're thinking about it, it may not hurt to tweak that article's phrasing as well or at least add the <nowiki>{{fact}}</nowiki> template after the statement, this reminds us that we need to find a source for it. It's definitely a pain citing everything but that's our goal, that way all the visitors can look up our sources and verify everything without needing to blindly trust us. Keep up the great work! [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 16:42, 15 June 2023 (UTC)
:::Done. Thanks for the help! [[User:Dingolthron|Dingolthron]] ([[User talk:Dingolthron|talk]]) 13:40, 16 June 2023 (UTC)

The Chronicles of Narnia

2023-06-16T13:36:42Z

Dingolthron: Corrected some info about Pauline Baynes and added source reference.

[[Image:Narnia books.jpg|thumb|The original ''Narnia'' books, with cover illustrations by [[Pauline Baynes]]]]
'''''The Chronicles of Narnia''''' is a series of fantasy novels for children by [[C.S. Lewis]], published during the 1950s. The seven books in the series are ''[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]'' ([[1950]]), ''[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/Prince_Caspian Prince Caspian]'' ([[1951]]), ''[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]'' ([[1952]]), ''[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/The_Silver_Chair The Silver Chair]'' ([[1953]]), ''[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/The_Horse_and_His_Boy The Horse and His Boy]'' ([[1954]]), ''[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/The_Magician's_Nephew The Magician's Nephew]'' ([[1955]]), and ''[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/The_Last_Battle The Last Battle]'' ([[1956]]).

[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] on at least two occasions expressed his dislike of the ''Narnia'' books,<ref>{{L|265}}</ref><ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Eileen Elgar (24 December 1971)]]" (letter)</ref> giving the reason that it depended on "''merely a difference in taste''".<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 758</ref> [[George Sayer]] has remarked that Tolkien's dislike of the novels derived from "''assembling figures from various mythologies''" and that the books "''were carelessly and superficially written''."<ref>[[George Sayer]], ''Jack: A Life of C.S. Lewis'' (2nd ed., 1994), p. 313)</ref> On the other hand, his granddaughter [[Joanna Tolkien]] remembers that her grandfather directed her to reading his copies of ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' before ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', suggesting that it was "''perhaps an indication of his humility''".<ref>[[Joanna Tolkien]], "Joanna Tolkien Speaks at the Tolkien Society Annual Dinner, Shrewsbury, April 16, 1994", in ''[[Digging Potatoes, Growing Trees]]'' (ed. [[Helen Armstrong]]), p. 34</ref><ref>{{CG|RG}}, p. 507</ref>

[[Pauline Baynes]], an artist Tolkien appreciated and frequently used<ref>{{L|235}}</ref>, made the original cover and interior illustrations for the books in the ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' series.

[[Daniel Reeve]], an artist who worked in the production of [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings|Peter Jackson's ''The Lord of the Rings'']], also worked for the ''Narnia'' movies.

''The Magician's Nephew'' shows Aslan creating Narnia while singing, like [[Arda]] and [[Eä]]. Lewis was perhaps inspired or influenced by the ''[[Ainulindalë]]''.<ref>[[Colin Duriez]], ''[[The Tolkien and Middle-earth Handbook]]''</ref>
==External links==
*{{WP|The Chronicles of Narnia}}
*[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page WikiNarnia - The Chronicles of Narnia Wiki]
**[http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/Atlantis Atlantis] and [http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/Ettinsmoor Ettinsmoor], two names that exist both in Narnia and Arda.

==Further reading==

*Richard Abanes, ''[[Harry Potter, Narnia, and The Lord of the Rings]]''
*Rolland Heins, ''[[Christian Mythmakers|Christian Mythmakers: C.S. Lewis, Madeleine L'Engle, J.R.R. Tolkien, George MacDonald, G.K. Chesterton, & Others]]''
*Josh B. Long, "Disparaging Narnia: Reconsidering Tolkien's View of ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe''", in [[Mythlore 121/122|''Mythlore'' 121/122]]

{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chronicles of Narnia, The}}
[[Category:Books by C.S. Lewis]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Mythology]]

Poems and Songs of Middle Earth

2023-06-16T13:35:18Z

Dingolthron: I added a little extra detail about Pauline Baynes (with source)

[[Image:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth.png|thumb]]

'''''Poems and Songs of Middle Earth''''' is a collection of verses from ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' read by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], together with [[Donald Swann]]'s (piano) and [[William Elvin]]'s (song) performance of ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'', issued by [[Wikipedia:Caedmon Audio|Caedmon Records]] on a [[Wikipedia:Gramophone record|gramophone record]] in [[1967]]. Tolkien recorded the verses on [[15 June]] [[1967]].<ref name=CG>{{CG|RG}}, p. 823</ref>

The front of the album cover features an illustration by [[Pauline Baynes]], an artist Tolkien appreciated and frequently used.<ref>{{L|235}}</ref> On the back [[W.H. Auden]] contributed with an introduction to Tolkien.

==Contents==

*Side One: J.R.R. Tolkien reads from The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
**The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
**The Mewlips
**The Hoard
**Perry-The-Winkle
**The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon
**The Sea-Bell

*Side Two
**A Elbereth Gilthoniel (read in Elvish)
**The Road Goes Ever On
***The Road Goes Ever On
***Upon the Hearth the Fire is Red
***In the Willow-Meads of Tasarinan
***In Western Lands
***Namárië
***I Sit Beside the Fire
***Errantry

{{References}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Audio]]
[[Category:Audiobooks]]

User talk:Dingolthron

2023-06-15T15:23:04Z

Dingolthron: /* Tolkien's Favorite Artist */ Reply

Poems and Songs of Middle Earth

2023-06-15T13:21:16Z

Dingolthron: I added a little extra detail about Pauline Baynes.

[[Image:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth.png|thumb]]

'''''Poems and Songs of Middle Earth''''' is a collection of verses from ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' read by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], together with [[Donald Swann]]'s (piano) and [[William Elvin]]'s (song) performance of ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'', issued by [[Wikipedia:Caedmon Audio|Caedmon Records]] on a [[Wikipedia:Gramophone record|gramophone record]] in [[1967]]. Tolkien recorded the verses on [[15 June]] [[1967]].<ref name=CG>{{CG|RG}}, p. 823</ref>

The front of the album cover features an illustration by [[Pauline Baynes]] (perhaps Tolkien's favorite artist), and on the back [[W.H. Auden]] contributed with an introduction to Tolkien.

==Contents==

*Side One: J.R.R. Tolkien reads from The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
**The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
**The Mewlips
**The Hoard
**Perry-The-Winkle
**The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon
**The Sea-Bell

*Side Two
**A Elbereth Gilthoniel (read in Elvish)
**The Road Goes Ever On
***The Road Goes Ever On
***Upon the Hearth the Fire is Red
***In the Willow-Meads of Tasarinan
***In Western Lands
***Namárië
***I Sit Beside the Fire
***Errantry

{{References}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Audio]]
[[Category:Audiobooks]]

Harfoots

2022-10-12T18:15:41Z

Dingolthron: /* Portrayal in adaptations */

{{people infobox
| name=Harfoots
| image=[[File:Lidia Postma - Hobbits comparison.jpg|250px]]
| caption=Hobbits by Lidia Postma
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=A group of [[Hobbits]]
| location=[[Vales of Anduin]], [[Bree]], [[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Hobbitish]], [[Westron]]
| members=
| lifespan=c. 96 years
| distinctions=
| height=Shorter than the other Hobbits
| hair=No beards
| skin=Browner than the other Hobbits
| clothing=No footwear
| weapons=
}}

'''Harfoots''' are one of the three breeds of [[Hobbits]]. The Harfoots were the most common and typical of the kinds.<ref name="Hobbits"/>

==Characteristics==
They were shorter and smaller than the other breeds, browner of skin, had no beards, and did not wear any footwear; Their hands and feet were neat and nimble. They liked highlands and hillsides, and lived in holes they called ''[[smials]]'', a habit which they long preserved. They were accustomed to settle in one place longer.<ref name="Hobbits"/>

They were also on very friendly terms with the [[Dwarves]], who travelled through the [[High Pass]] on the [[Great Road]].<ref name="Hobbits">{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref>

== History ==
In their earliest known history, the Harfoots lived in the lower foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]] in the [[Vales of Anduin]], in an area roughly bounded by the [[Gladden River]] in the south and the small forested region where later was the [[Eagle's Eyrie]] near the High Pass to the north.

They were the first to migrate westward into [[Eriador]], beginning thus the [[Wandering Days]] of the Hobbit peoples<ref name="Hobbits"/>. They were first recorded in [[Arnor|Arnorian]] records around {{TA|1050}} and it was to them that the name ''[[Perian|Periannath]]'' ([[Halflings]]) was first applied by the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]].

They tended to settle down for long times, and founded numerous villages{{fact}} as far as [[Weathertop]] while at the same time their kin were still back in the Vales.<ref name="Hobbits"/> By the 1300s of the [[Third Age]] they had reached [[Bree]], which long was the most western village of any Hobbits.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>

The Harfoots were joined between {{TA|1150}} and {{TA|1300}} by the [[Fallohides]]. The Harfoots took Fallohides, a bolder breed, as their leaders.

When [[The Shire|the Shire]] was colonized in {{TA|1601}}, most of its people were Harfoots.<ref name="Hobbits"/>

== Etymology ==
''Harfoots'' means "one with hairy feet", and is a translation of an archaic [[Hobbitish]] form of an old [[Westron]] name.

The word is supposed to represent archaic English ''hǣr-fōt > herfoot > harfoot''.

[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted that Modern English ''hair'', though related, is not a direct descendant of [[Old English]] ''hǣr, hēr'' and therefore *"hairfoot" would not be a faithful translation.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 759</ref><ref group="note">However, [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hair Wiktionary] shows ''hair'' as derived directly from ''hǣr''.</ref>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''

:The Harfoots are portrayed as ancient halfling travelers of highlands and hillsides. Harfoots dwell within portable homes in a caravan that could blend into the natural environment. They delighted in parties, coming up with the traditional Harvest Festival to prepare for their migrations from one seasonal haven to another. The Harfoots utilize symbols within a pictographic writing system to produce meanings and note natural rhymes and tabulations to prepare for migrations. Each Harfoot caravan has a Trailfinder who leads them. Trailfinders utilize a Star-book inherited through generations to aid their caravan on the safest course in each migration. During migrations, the Harfoots carry their most valuable possessions inside carts. If a Harfoot falls behind, the caravan moves on without them, instead taking them with them only in spirit, in essence, abandoning them to die or "decaravanned". In addition, Harfoots can also be "decaravanned" by breaking the rules of the community.

{{References|notes}}

[[Category:Races of Hobbits]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]

[[de:Harfüße]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/pieds_velus]]
[[fi:Karvajalat]]

Letter 140

2016-08-17T14:53:27Z

Dingolthron: Fixed typo

{{letter infobox
| #=140
| to=[[Rayner Unwin]]
| date=[[17 August]] [[1953]]
| subject=Naming the volumes of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', illustrations
}}{{letter|140}}
==Summary==
[[Rayner Unwin]] had just visited Tolkien, and he thanked Rayner for coming and clearing things up. Only after Rayner had left did Tolkien realize that his guest never had any beer or other refreshment. He apologized for the below-hobbit standards.

For the volumes of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Tolkien suggested "[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]", "[[The Two Towers]]", and "The War of the Ring", or if Rayner still preferred, "[[The Return of the King]]". The first title fit, especially since the last chapter in the volume was "[[The Breaking of the Fellowship]]". The second title got as near as possible to covering the widely divergent Books 3 and 4. The identities of which two towers were meant could be left ambiguous. For the third volume he thought "The War of the Ring" better. It mentioned [[The One Ring|the Ring]] again and was more non-committal, less revealing of the turn of the story.

Tolkien doubted if red letters were important enough for the Ring inscription to warrant the expense of alteration. He proposed including the last page of the [[Book of Mazarbul]] because it closely concerned the narrative.

On 1 September Tolkien said he would personally bring the copy for Volume II, already well in order. He was turning to the Maps and Foreword.

Tolkien asked Rayner to excuse the red typewriting. He was saving money by using a type-reel with used up black but hardly used red.

{{letters}}

Dunland

2016-04-20T18:18:51Z

Dingolthron: /* The Middle Years of the Third Age */

{{location
| image=
| name=Dunland
| othernames=
| etymology=
| type=Region
| location=The west-skirts of the southern [[Misty Mountains]], south of [[Glanduin]], north of [[Isen]]
| inhabitants=[[Men]] For a time - [[Stoors]] and [[Dwarves]]
| realms=Nominally [[Gondor]] Land of the [[Dunlendings]]
| description=Foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]]
| events=
| references=
|}}
'''Dunland''' was a part of [[Enedwaith]] east of the [[North-South Road]], well south of the [[Glanduin]] and north of the [[Isen]]. It was a foothill region that fronted the western slopes of the southern [[Misty Mountains]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> Far from the centers of population of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], its inhabitants at times included the [[Men]] known as [[Dunlendings]] as well as wandering [[Hobbits]] and [[Dwarves]].

Dunland was a fair, fertile land. By the end of the [[Third Age]] being neither prosperous or civilised, it was sparsely inhabited by unorganised herdsmen and hillmen.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', entry "Dunland"</ref>

==History==
===The First Men in Dunland===
In the early [[Second Age]], Dunland first acquired a significant population of [[Men]] when those who had dwelt in the forests of Enedwaith south of the [[Gwathló]] fled from the [[Númenóreans]] after they began to cut down all of the trees.<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref>s

When the kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] were established early in the [[Third Age]] the land of Enedwaith (and the region of Dunland) were largely ignored, although the inhabitants were nominally subjects of Gondor.<ref name="Isen">{{UT|Isen}}, Appendix (ii)</ref>

===The Stoors Stay in Dunland===
About {{TA|1150}} the Hobbit-breed known as the [[Stoors]] left their early homeland in the upper vales of the [[Anduin]] and crossed the [[Caradhras#The Redhorn Gate|Redhorn Pass]]. Some settled in the [[Angle (Eriador)|Angle]] and other traveled down the [[Loudwater]] and settled in Dunland. While the Stoors in the Angle vacated that area in {{TA|1356|n}}, those living in Dunland remained until around {{TA|1630|n}} when they migrated to the newly founded [[The Shire|Shire]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

===The Middle Years of the Third Age===
The [[Great Plague]] swept through the northwest of [[Middle-earth]] in the years {{TA|1636}} – {{TA|1637|n}}.<ref name="TA"/> Dunland suffered, but to a lesser extent than in other regions due to their self-isolation. After the end of the royal line in Gondor the Dunlendings ceased to be subjects of the realm. During the years of the [[Watchful Peace]] ({{TA|1975|n}} – {{TA|2050|n}}), as the people of [[Calenardhon]] dwindled, the Dunlendings began drifting across the [[Isen]].

The expansion of the Dunlendings to the southeast of Dunland was checked when the new realm of [[Rohan]] was established in {{TA|2510|n}}. In the subsequent centuries there was tension between the Dunlendings and the [[Rohirrim]], which reached open war in the time of [[Helm Hammerhand]].

Guarding the [[Gap of Rohan]] was the fortress of [[Isengard]], where a hereditary guard watched for Gondor. However, by the time of the [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]], [[Ruling Steward|Steward]] of [[Gondor]], these guards had mixed with Dunlendings, and it had become hostile to Gondor. To remedy this situation, in {{TA|2759}}<ref name="TA"/> Beren gave [[Saruman]] the keys to [[Orthanc]], to guard Isengard for Gondor.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

===The Dwarves in Dunland===
In {{TA|2770}}, [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] destroyed the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]].<ref name="TA"/> Dwarves fleeing from this disaster settled in Dunland, from where [[Thrór]] departed when he and his companion [[Nár]] journeyed to [[Moria]] in {{TA|2790}}. After the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]], provoked by the [[Orcs]]' brutal slaying of Thrór, [[Thráin|Thráin II]] and [[Thorin]] led the remnants of their followers back to Dunland but soon left (to eventually settle in the [[Ered Luin]]).<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

===The Later Third Age===
Beren's decision to trust Saruman however had severe consequences, as before and around the [[War of the Ring]], the Wizard inflamed the Dunlendings' grievance and enmity to the Rohirrim<ref>{{TT|III7}}</ref> and concentrated a great military force which besieged them at the [[Helm's Deep]]. After the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], the Rohirrim allowed the surviving Dunlendings to return to their homes. The Rohirrim required that all hostilities cease, and that the Dunlendings retreat behind the [[Isen]] river again.<ref>{{TT|III8}}</ref>

After the War the four Hobbits, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], with the company of [[Gandalf]], [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]], and others journeyed through Dunland on their way home. While traversing the region they met two beggars, Saruman and [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]].<ref>{{RK|VI6}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Dunland meant "Hill Land" in the language of neighbouring [[Rohan]], whose people named it after arriving in nearby [[Calenardhon]] in the later [[Third Age]]. ''Dunland'' is understood as "Brownland" ([[Old English]] ''dunn'' means "brown, dusky, dull"), referring to its inhabitants being swarthy and dark-haired . The element ''dunn'' had no relation to the [[Elvish]] root ''[[dûn]]'' meaning "west".<ref>{{App|Men}}</ref>

{{navigation
| title=Region of Dunland
| north-west=[[Tharbad]], [[Gwathló]]. '''[[Eriador]]'''
| north=[[Glanduin]], [[Eregion]]
| north-east=[[Moria]], [[Misty Mountains]], [[Lothlórien|Lórien]]
| west=[[Lond Daer]], [[Gwathló]], [[Enedwaith]]
| east=[[Misty Mountains]], [[Fangorn Forest]]
| south-west=[[Enedwaith]], [[Drúwaith Iaur]], [[Isen|River Isen]]
| south=[[Isen|River Isen]]
| south-east=[[Isengard]], [[Gap of Rohan]]. '''[[Rohan]]'''
}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[de:Dunland]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:pays_de_dun]]
[[fi:Mustainmaa]]

Harfoots

2016-04-14T18:40:49Z

Dingolthron: I fixed one minor spelling error

{{people
| image=[[File:Lidia Postma - Hobbits comparison.jpg|250px]]
| name=The Harfoots
| dominions=[[Vales of Anduin]], [[Bree]], [[The Shire]]
| languages=[[Hobbitish]]
| height=Shorter than the other Hobbits
| length=
| skincolor=Browner skin
| haircolor=
| feathers=
| distinctions=Most common and typical of all the kinds of the Hobbits; shorter and smaller than the other breeds; browner of skin; had no beards; did not wear any footwear
| lifespan=c. 96 years
| members=Most of the folk of [[The Shire]]
|}}
'''Harfoots''' are one of the three breeds of [[Hobbits]]. The Harfoots were the most common and typical of the kinds.

== Nature==
They were shorter and smaller than the other breeds, browner of skin, had no beards, and did not wear any footwear. They lived in holes they called ''[[smials]]'', a habit which they long preserved.

The Harfoots liked highlands and hillsides, and were accustomed to living underground longer. They were also on very friendly terms with the [[Dwarves]], who travelled through the [[High Pass]] on the [[Great Road]].<ref name="Hobbits">{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref>

== History==
In their earliest known history the Harfoots lived in the lower foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]] in the [[Vales of Anduin]], in an area roughly bounded by the [[Gladden River]] in the south and the small forested region where later was the [[Eagle's Eyrie]] near the [[High Pass]] to the north.

They were the first to migrate westward into [[Eriador]], beginning thus the [[Wandering Days]] of the Hobbit peoples<ref name="Hobbits"/>. They were first recorded in [[Arnor]]ian records around {{TA|1050}} and it was to them that the name ''[[Perian|Periannath]]'' ([[Halflings]]) was first applied by the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]].

They tended to settle down for long times, and founded numerous villages as far as [[Weathertop]]. By the 1300s of the [[Third Age]] they had reached [[Bree]], which long was the most western village of any Hobbits.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>

The Harfoots were joined between {{TA|1150}} and {{TA|1300}} by the [[Fallohides]] and some [[Stoors]]. The Harfoots took Fallohides, a bolder breed, as their leaders.

When [[The Shire]] was colonized in [[Third Age 1601]] most of its people were Harfoots.<ref name="Hobbits"/>

==Etymology==
''Harfoots'' means "one with hairy feet", and is a translation of an archaic [[Hobbitish]] form of an old [[Westron]] name.

The word is supposed to represent archaic English ''hǣr-fōt > herfoot > harfoot''.

[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted that Modern English ''hair'', though related, is not a direct descendant of [[Old English]] ''hǣr, hēr'' and therefore *"hairfoot" would not be a faithful translation.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 759</ref><ref group="note">However, [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hair Wiktionary] shows ''hair'' as derived directly from ''hǣr''.</ref>
{{references|note}}
[[Category:Races of Hobbits]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[de:Harfüße]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/pieds_velus]]
[[fi:Karvajalat]]

Tarannon Falastur

2016-04-13T20:03:37Z

Dingolthron: Fixing my last edit so that "Siriondil" links to the right page

{{gondorian infobox
| name=Tarannon
| image=[[File:Storn Cook - Tarannon Falastur.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Tarannon Falastur" by [[:Category:Images by Storn Cook|Storn Cook]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Falastur'' ([[Sindarin|S]], "Lord of the Coasts")
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| position=Captain of the Hosts
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|654}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|830}} - {{TA|913|n}} (83 years)
| death={{TA|913}}
| deathlocation=
| age=259
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Siriondil (King of Gondor)|Siriondil]]
| siblings=[[Tarciryan]]
| spouse=[[Berúthiel]]
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Tarannon Falastur''' ({{TA|654}}<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> – {{TA|913|n}},<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> aged 259 years) was the twelfth [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]].

==History==
Tarannon was the first of the [[Ship-kings]] of Gondor, who extended the realm far along the shores west and south of the [[Ethir Anduin]]. Commemorating his victories, Tarannon assumed the name "Falastur" when he took the crown.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Tarannon was also famous for his Queen, the "nefarious, solitary, and loveless" [[Berúthiel]]. Tarannon had built a house in [[Pelargir]] that rested upon arches sunk into the [[Anduin]], but the queen refused to live within the sound and smell of the sea. She lived in the King's House in [[Osgiliath]] where she owned cats said to be able to spy upon men. Eventually Tarannon placed her upon a boat cast adrift at sea.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, Note 7</ref> He was then the first king to die without an heir, and was succeeded by his nephew, the second of the Ship-kings, [[Eärnil I]].<ref name="South"/>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ATA | | |ATA=[[Atanatar I]] ''{{TA|480|n}} - {{TA|748|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | SIR | | |SIR=[[Siriondil (King of Gondor)|Siriondil]] ''{{TA|570|n}} - {{TA|830|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | BER |~| TAR | | TAC |BER=[[Berúthiel]] ''unknown''|TAR='''TARANNON FALASTUR''' ''{{TA|654|n}} - {{TA|913|n}}''|TAC=[[Tarciryan]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | EAR |EAR=[[Eärnil I]] ''{{TA|736|n}} - {{TA|936|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | CIR |CIR=[[Ciryandil]] ''{{TA|820|n}} - {{TA|1015|n}}''†}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| born={{TA|654}}
| died={{TA|913}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Siriondil (King of Gondor)|Siriondil]]
| list=12th [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|830}} - {{TA|913|n}}
| next=[[Eärnil I]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{southernline}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Tarannon Falastur]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/tarannon_falastur]]
[[fi:Tarannon]]
[[fi:Falastur]]

Tarannon Falastur

2016-04-13T20:01:57Z

Dingolthron: Corrected parentage from Turambar to Siriondil

{{gondorian infobox
| name=Tarannon
| image=[[File:Storn Cook - Tarannon Falastur.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Tarannon Falastur" by [[:Category:Images by Storn Cook|Storn Cook]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Falastur'' ([[Sindarin|S]], "Lord of the Coasts")
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| position=Captain of the Hosts
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|654}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|830}} - {{TA|913|n}} (83 years)
| death={{TA|913}}
| deathlocation=
| age=259
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Siriondil]]
| siblings=[[Tarciryan]]
| spouse=[[Berúthiel]]
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Tarannon Falastur''' ({{TA|654}}<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> – {{TA|913|n}},<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> aged 259 years) was the twelfth [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]].

==History==
Tarannon was the first of the [[Ship-kings]] of Gondor, who extended the realm far along the shores west and south of the [[Ethir Anduin]]. Commemorating his victories, Tarannon assumed the name "Falastur" when he took the crown.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Tarannon was also famous for his Queen, the "nefarious, solitary, and loveless" [[Berúthiel]]. Tarannon had built a house in [[Pelargir]] that rested upon arches sunk into the [[Anduin]], but the queen refused to live within the sound and smell of the sea. She lived in the King's House in [[Osgiliath]] where she owned cats said to be able to spy upon men. Eventually Tarannon placed her upon a boat cast adrift at sea.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, Note 7</ref> He was then the first king to die without an heir, and was succeeded by his nephew, the second of the Ship-kings, [[Eärnil I]].<ref name="South"/>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ATA | | |ATA=[[Atanatar I]] ''{{TA|480|n}} - {{TA|748|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | SIR | | |SIR=[[Siriondil (King of Gondor)|Siriondil]] ''{{TA|570|n}} - {{TA|830|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | BER |~| TAR | | TAC |BER=[[Berúthiel]] ''unknown''|TAR='''TARANNON FALASTUR''' ''{{TA|654|n}} - {{TA|913|n}}''|TAC=[[Tarciryan]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | EAR |EAR=[[Eärnil I]] ''{{TA|736|n}} - {{TA|936|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | CIR |CIR=[[Ciryandil]] ''{{TA|820|n}} - {{TA|1015|n}}''†}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| born={{TA|654}}
| died={{TA|913}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Siriondil (King of Gondor)|Siriondil]]
| list=12th [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|830}} - {{TA|913|n}}
| next=[[Eärnil I]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{southernline}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Tarannon Falastur]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/tarannon_falastur]]
[[fi:Tarannon]]
[[fi:Falastur]]

Baravorn

2016-03-31T15:17:39Z

Dingolthron: Just fixed the spelling of "addressed"

'''Baravorn''' is the translation into [[Sindarin]] of the [[Hobbitish]] name ''[[Ranugad]]''. [[Aragorn|Elessar]] addressed [[Gaffer Gamgee|Samwise Gamgee]] as such in the ''[[King's Letter]]''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Sauron Defeated]]'', "[[The Epilogue]]"</ref>
==Etymology==
The first element is ''[[bar]]'', "home". The second element, ''[[avorn]]'', is unclear. Though it is usually taken to be related to ''[[boron|bor(o)n]]'', " steadfast",<ref>[[Carl F. Hostetter]], "The ''King's Letter'', An Historical and Comparative Analysis", in [[Vinyar Tengwar 31]] (September [[1993]]), pages 12-34.</ref>, it could also be related to the root ''[[ABA]]'', indicating a reluctance to leave.

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[fi:Baravorn]]

Rivendell

2016-03-17T21:13:56Z

Dingolthron: Just fixed verb agreement under "Founding"

{{Countdown}}
{{disambig-more|Rivendell|[[Rivendell (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Rivendell.jpg|250px]]
| name=Rivendell
| othernames=Imladris, the Last Homely House
| etymology=
| type=Valley/City
| location=West of [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]]
| inhabitants=[[Elves]] and those who seek a little peace and quiet
| realms=[[Elrond]]'s dominion
| description=Hidden valley with permanent elven settlement
| events=[[First Siege of Imladris|First]] and [[Second Siege of Imladris|Second]] Siege of Imladris, [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Council of Elrond]]
| references=''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''
}}
'''Rivendell''', or '''[[Rivendell#Etymology|Imladris]]''', was an [[Elves|Elven]] dwelling in the [[Misty Mountains]] on the eastern edge of [[Eriador]]. Because of its location, it was called "'''The Last Homely House East of the Sea'''" from the point of view of a traveler going to the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Wilderland]]; and also the '''First Homely House''' from the point of view of someone coming from these lands to the civilized lands of Eriador to the west.

It was established by [[Elrond]] in {{SA|1697}} as a refuge from [[Sauron]] after the fall of [[Eregion]].<ref name=sa>{{App|SA}}</ref> It remained Elrond's seat throughout the remainder of the Second Age and until the end of the Third Age, when he took the [[White Ship]] for [[Valinor]]. Rivendell had a strong alliance with the [[Kings of Arnor]] and after the fall of [[Arthedain]] it became a refuge for the [[Rangers of the North]] and the [[heir of Isildur|heirs of Isildur]]. Besides [[Elrond]] himself, notable Elves who lived there included [[Arwen]] and [[Glorfindel]].

==Location==
[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Valley of Rivendell.jpg|thumb|left|[[Soni Alcorn-Hender]] - ''Valley of Rivendell'']]
Rivendell was located at the edge of a narrow gorge of the [[Bruinen|Bruinen River]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> but well hidden in the moorlands and foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=Rest>{{H|Rest}}</ref>

==History==
===Founding===
During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], and as [[Sauron]] was moving against Eriador, Elrond led an army of [[Elves of Lindon]] to the region. They arrived late but were joined by a detachment out of [[Eregion]] led by [[Celeborn]]. Despite this, Sauron's armies overwhelmed the Elves, and Elrond was unable to reach Eregion. Forced northward toward the headwaters of [[Bruinen]], Elrond established a stronghold.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>

This became a refuge for those seeking shelter from Sauron's onslaught in Eriador, and Elrond's and Celeborn's Elves were soon joined by many fleeing the [[Sack of Eregion]]. More came as Sauron ravaged Eriador on his march toward [[Lindon]]. By {{SA|1700}}, Sauron had overrun all of Eriador and Imladris was [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]]. The siege ended when Gil-galad's forces, strengthened by the armament sent by [[Tar-Minastir]], routed Sauron's armies and drove him out of Eriador.

A Council held at that time made Elrond Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, and Imladris his seat. Gil-galad bestowed [[Vilya]] upon Elrond in secret. Aided by the power of the [[Three Rings|Elven ring]], Elrond made Imladris one of the chief seats of Elvish strength in the west in the latter part of the Second Age. Imladris remained an Elvish stronghold in Eriador to the end of the Second Age and into the Third. <ref>{{UT|6}}</ref>

===Last Alliance===
At the end of the Second Age, [[Elendil]] and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to challenge Sauron, and their host halted for a while at Imladris before crossing the Misty Mountains.<ref name="SV"/> [[Isildur]]'s wife and his youngest son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], were in Imladris at that time, and Isildur was journeying back to them after Sauron's defeat when he was ambushed at the [[Gladden Fields]].<ref>{{UT|7}}</ref> After receiving the shards of [[Narsil]], Valandil took up his role as King of [[Arnor]] and left Imladris for [[Annúminas]].<ref name="SV">{{S|V}}</ref>

===Third Age===
After the fall of Gil-galad, Elrond remained in Imladris. During the Third Age it was a refuge and sanctuary; many Elves gathered there, and it was the chief dwelling of the [[High Elves]] in Eriador. The heirs of Isildur were also harbored there due to their kinship with Elrond, as descendants of his brother [[Elros]].<ref name="SV"/> Rivendell maintained this relationship with the North Kingdom throughout the Third Age, and Elrond and his people remained steadfast allies to the heirs of Isildur. Situated on the western slopes of the Misty Mountains, Imladris was near [[Arnor]]'s eastern province of [[Rhudaur]], which became independent during the disintegration of the North Kingdom in {{TA|861}}.

Danger came to Eriador around {{TA|1300}} when the witch-kingdom of [[Angmar]] was established in the north-east beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. It was late in the reign of [[Arveleg I]] that [[Second Siege of Imladris |Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by Angmar into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elves of Rivendell joined those of Lindon in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name="North">{{App|North}}</ref>

After the end of the North-kingdom in {{TA|1975}} [[Aranarth]], the first [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], had [[Arahael|his son]] fostered in Rivendell, as were all subsequent sons of the chieftains. The heirlooms and treasures of the house of Isildur, including the shards of [[Narsil]], were also kept there after [[Arvedui]]'s death.<ref name="North"/> Among these were also some of the few remaining documents containing the history of Númenor.<ref>{{UT|3}}</ref>

There was traffic across the Misty Mountains in the Third Age between Imladris and [[Lothlórien|Lórien]], for Elrond's wife was [[Celebrían]], daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn.

In the [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] stopped off at Rivendell with the Dwarves on the way to the [[Lonely Mountain]]<ref name=Rest/> and also on the way back to [[the Shire]] with [[Gandalf]].<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Bilbo retired there after his 111th birthday, writing his memoir ''[[There and Back Again]]''.<ref name=Meetings>{{FR|II1}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
Years later, [[Frodo Baggins]] and his [[Travellers|companions]] journeyed to Rivendell, where they met Bilbo. Several other Elves, [[Dwarves]] and [[Men]] had also arrived at Rivendell on separate errands;<ref name=Meetings/> at the [[Council of Elrond]] they learned that all of their errands were related to the fate of [[the One Ring]], and they had to decide what to do about it. In the end, the Hobbits influenced the decision.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Rivendell'' ("[[Wiktionary:cloven|cloven]]-[[Wiktionary:dell|dell]]") is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of the Sindarin name '''''Imladris''''' ("deep dale of the cleft").<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 774</ref> An alternative (or complementary) etymology, gives ''Rivendell'' as the Englished version of the [[Westron]] name '''''Karningul''''' (itself a translation of ''Imladris'').<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref>

The name ''Imladris'' is also glossed as "Canyon of the Cleft"<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 14 (note 18)</ref> and "flat-floared valley of the Cleft".<ref name="letter">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Anthony D. Howlett]]" ([[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|letter]])</ref>

==Inspiration==
A possible inspiration (so suggested by [[David Salo]]<ref>Aaron Fuegi, "[http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/Rivimages/realriv.html Rivendell in Switzerland]" at [http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/home.html the Last Homely House] (accessed 15 November 2011)</ref>) could have been [[wikipedia:Lauterbrunnen|Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland]], which Tolkien visited in [[1911]]:

{{quote|I am... delighted that you have made the acquaintance of Switzerland, and of the very part that I once knew best and which had the deepest effect on me. The hobbit’s journey from Rivendell to the other side of the Misty Mountains, including the glissade down the slithering stones into the pine woods, is based on my adventures in 1911 (he was 19 and traveled to Lauterbrunnen)... Our wanderings mainly on foot in a party of 12 are not now clear in sequence, but leave many vivid pictures as clear as yesterday." (He talks of similar conditions of the travel of Bilbo camping out, walking mountain paths, carrying packs).|Tolkien<ref>{{l|306}}</ref>}}

==Portrayal in adaptations ==
{{Gallery
|title=Rivendell in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2

|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:BFME2 - Elrond Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Rivendell1.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Gandalf and Galadriel.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
}}
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Rivendell appears in every instalment, although its role in the second and third film is rather minor.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Rivendell is the fifth level, and the first where no fighting is required. After Frodo is taken to Rivendell by [[Glorfindel]], he is first woken by [[Gandalf]]; after that, the [[Council of Elrond]] starts. After the council, there is an opportunity to speak to the NPCs - [[Aragorn]], [[Arwen]], [[Boromir]], [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. The gameplay continues by entering a door. A short cutscene follows in which Bilbo gives [[Sting]] and the ''[[mithril]]'' shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], "Rivendell"</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the battlegrounds in the game and a site of skirmish between Elves and Goblins.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game, located between Trollshaws and the Misty Mountains. Rivendell is also one of the places that players can choose as Elven character's homeland. The Last Homely House refers to a large dwelling of Elrond, not to the entire refuge of Rivendell. It is located on the eastern side of Rivendell. One can find Elrond's library, the [[Hall of Fire]], the scholar's guild and various guest rooms.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game and the only place characters are obliged to visit more than once (other cities can be re-visited, but this is optional).

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Rivendell appears in the [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|first film]] after [[Gandalf]] leads [[Thorin and Company]] away from [[Yazneg]] and the [[Wargs]]. Much of Rivendell is familiar from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] but new areas have been including such as the meeting place of the [[White Council]] and a crystal table used for investigating the [[Moon-letters]] in [[Thrór's Map]].

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Rivendell|Images of Rivendell]]

{{references}}
{{companyroute}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[de:Bruchtal]]
[[fi:Rivendell]]

17 March

2016-03-17T15:03:54Z

Dingolthron: Just changed "in the" to "into" before "Erebor"

<noinclude>{{month|March}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1960]]''' - [[Jef Murray]] is born.
* '''[[1968]]''' - Author [[Nataša Tučev]] is born.
* '''[[2006]]''' - Voice actor [[Bob Papenbrook]] dies.
* '''[[2009]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online|The Lord of the Rings Online]]: [[Mines of Moria (volume)|Mines of Moria]]'', "[[Leaves of Lórien]]" is released.
* '''[[2010]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'' is announced for release in [[2011]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2510}}:
** [[Borondir]] is on his way in search of the [[Éothéod]].
* {{TA|3019}}:
** [[Battle of Dale]]:
*** [[Brand|King Brand]] and [[Dáin Ironfoot|King Dain Ironfoot]] die.
*** Many Dwarves and Men flee into [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and are besieged.
** [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] travel northward along the [[Morgai]].
** [[Shagrat]] brings [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s cloak, mail shirt and sword to [[Barad-dûr]], where he is slain.
<noinclude>
[[Category:Dates|077]]
[[de:17. März]]
[[fi:17. maaliskuuta]]
</noinclude>

Grey Company

2016-03-07T16:02:02Z

Dingolthron: Just a minor spelling correction

[[Image:Jef Murray - The Grey Company.jpg|thumb|[[Jef Murray]] - ''The Grey Company'']]
The '''Grey Company''' was a company of thirty [[Dúnedain of Arnor|Northern Dúnedain]] (clad in grey) commanded by [[Aragorn]]'s kinsman [[Halbarad]].<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref>

== History ==
Halbarad received a mysterious message requesting to come to the aid of his [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]] [[Aragorn]] at [[Rohan]] ([[Legolas]] later surmised that it was actually sent by [[Galadriel]] who could read the hearts of men). Gathering thirty of his kin, and aided by [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] who wished to join the [[War of the Ring|war]], they rode south to [[Rohan]]. They found Aragorn near [[Dol Baran]] before dawn on [[6 March]], {{TA|3019}}<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> and he admitted that Halbarad was often in his thoughts but had sent no message. Halbarad bore with him a furled standard, which was a gift from [[Arwen]], and a message from her; and Elrohir conveyed a message from [[Elrond]] to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. They journeyed with the [[Rohirrim]] to [[Helm's Deep]], where they parted ways.<ref name="Grey"/>

The Rangers rode through the plains of [[Rohan]] and reached [[Dunharrow]] by morning of [[7 March]].<ref name="Great"/> Théoden had not yet arrived, and [[Éowyn]] in vain begged Aragorn to avoid the Paths of the Dead.<ref name="Grey"/>

Spurred only by the strength of Aragorn's will, the Company with [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]] entered the dark path [[8 March|the next day]]. At midnight Aragorn summoned the Dead at a clearing to follow him to the [[Stone of Erech]]. After creeping in the darkness for what seemed like ages, the Company emerged from the Paths and rode quickly through the mountain fields with the Dead behind. They followed the river [[Morthond]] briefly to [[Erech]]. The inhabitants of the surrounding countryside fled in fear, calling Aragorn the "King of the Dead".
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Oathbreakers, Why Have Ye Come (colour).jpg|thumb|left|At the Stone of Erech]]
Arriving at the large, black Stone of Erech, the legion of the Oathbreakers announced their allegiance to Aragorn. Aragorn unfurled a black flag and pronounced himself the [[Heir of Isildur]]’s kingdom. The Company rides on to Anduin.<ref name="Grey"/>

On [[9 March]]<ref name="Great"/> they led the [[Oathbreakers]] over [[Tarlang's Neck]], across the [[Ciril]] and [[Ethring]] on the way to [[Pelargir]] and reached [[Calembel]].<ref name="Grey"/> [[10 March|A day later]] they passed across the river [[Ringló]].

While in [[Lamedon]], the Dead drove forth the assailants from [[Linhir]], but the staunch defenders fled as well, except for [[Angbor]]. Aragorn bade him gather his folk and follow them. After Linhir they reached [[Lebennin]]. The [[Corsairs of Umbar]] were beaten back to [[Pelargir]] the [[12 March|next day]].
[[Image:Darrell Sweet - The Fleet of Harad.jpg|thumb|''The Fleet of Harad'' by Darrell Sweet]]
On [[13 March]]<ref name="Great"/> they found Pelargir overrun by Corsairs once again with fifty great ships and many more smaller vessels ready to sail to [[Harlond (Gondor)|Harlond]]. The Company and the Dead drove the Corsairs away. After manning the [[Black Ships]], Aragorn released the curse of the Dead.<ref name="Debate">{{RK|Debate}}</ref> Halbarad captained a Corsair ship and they sailed toward Harlond.

They arrived at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] on [[15 March]],<ref name="Great"/> where Halbarad fell.<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref>

==Portrayal in Adaptations ==
'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:In the opening narration, Gandalf mentions Aragorn travels with a small band of kinsmen.

'''2010-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Grey Company forms during ''Volume III: Allies of the King''. There are more than thirty [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] in the company, but by the time they meet with Aragorn their numbers are reduced to thirty. Members of the Grey Company include many of the important rangers met over the epic storyline in the game, including Calenglad, Candaith, Corunir, Daervunn, Dagoras, Golodir, Halbarad, Halros, Lothrandir, Mincham and Saeradan.
{{References}}
[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[de:Graue Schar]]
[[fi:Harmaa Komppania]]

Hobbits

2015-10-30T18:22:08Z

Dingolthron: Just added a comma to the list of hobbit features and corrected misspelling of "diminutive"

{{sources}}
{{expansion}}
{{disambig-more|Hobbits|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{people
| image= [[File:Inger Edelfeldt - A Long Expected Party.jpg|250px]]
| name= Hobbits
| dominions= [[The Shire]], [[Bree-land]]
| languages= [[Hobbitish]] (a regional dialect of [[Westron]])
| height= 2-4 ft or 0.6-1.2 m (often less than three feet in later days)
| skincolor= Nut-brown to White
| haircolor= Typically curly brown, rarely blond (until the [[Fourth Age]]), and white and grey in later years
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], diminutive stature, furry feet
| lifespan= c. 96<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics/#lifeexpectancy|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=09-September-2012}}</ref>
| members= [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], [[Sméagol]], [[Bandobras Took]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]]
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[An Unexpected Party]]}}
'''Hobbits''' were a small race that typically dwelt underground, believed to be related to [[Men]]. They played little role in history, save during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Description and culture==
{{quote|There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly [[Eriador|West]]. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.|[[Thorin Oakenshield]]<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>}}
Hobbits were between three to four feet tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches, with short legs, slightly pointed ears<ref>{{L|27}}</ref> and furry feet with leathery soles, resulting in most never wearing shoes. Early in their recorded history, Hobbits were divided in three kinds with different customs and temperament. The '''[[Stoors]]''' grew facial hair and had an affinity for water, boats and swimming and wore boots; the '''[[Fallohides]]''' were fair, tall and slim, an adventurous people, friendlier and more open to outsiders. Finally, the '''[[Harfoots]]''' were the most numerous and instituted the living in burrows. In later days the Harfoot traits became the "norm".

Hobbits had a life span somewhat longer than Men of non-[[Númenórean]] descent, averaging between 90 and 100 years. The time at which a young hobbit "came of age" was 33.<ref name=FRI1>{{FR|I1}}</ref> The two oldest-living recorded hobbits (except [[Gollum]]) were The [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]] (who reached the age of 130) and [[Bilbo Baggins]] (who surpassed at 131).

Throughout their history Hobbits had showed unparelleled skill, courage and also endurance and resistance in times of danger and terror. During their [[Wandering Days]] Hobbits demostrated an easiness to adapt to the environments they visited and adopted the customs and languages of the peoples they were in contact with. In the Shire, they had settled with a closed and comfort-loving lifestyle; they were fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, smoking [[pipe-weed]], socializing and talking about genealogies. Hobbits also liked to drink ale in inns, and ate at least six meals a day when they could get them. Every [[Highday]] and after noon, Hobbits celebrated a small holiday with evening feasts. <ref name=cal>{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

However, their hidden potentials resurfaced in difficult times; in the [[Long Winter]], [[Gandalf]] admired their uncomplaining courage and pity one for another, thanks to which they survived.<ref>{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Another example of Hobbitish hardiness and resistant nature, was [[Gollum]], who despite using [[the One Ring]] for years, did not transform into a [[Wraiths|Wraith]] by its evil power (unlike the [[Nazgûl|nine Mannish Kings]]).<ref>
{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|website=FAQ of the Rings|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q1-GollumWraith |articlename=Why hadn’t Gollum turned into a wraith long ago?}}</ref> These surprising Hobbit traits also were tested and proven during the [[Quest of Erebor]] and, most notably, the [[War of the Ring]].

==Origin==
[[File:Lidia Postma - Hobbits comparison.jpg|thumb|left|The three kinds of Hobbits]]
Hobbits were considered Men. Nearly all scholars agree that Men were closely related to Hobbits, far more closely than Men were to either [[Elves]] or [[Dwarves]]. It was thus commonly assumed that Hobbits were among the Younger [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and were the result of the same act of creation as Men. This would imply that Hobbits had the [[Gift of Men]] to pass entirely beyond [[Arda]].

It is supposed that Hobbits branched out from Men as a race in the [[Elder Days]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> Their exact origin is unknown and they come into the records not earlier than the early [[Third Age]] where they were living in the [[Vales of Anduin]] in [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[Misty Mountains]]. They have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of mankind. While they stayed there, the [[Northmen]] knew them. Their descendants, the [[Rohirrim]], had that memory of the ''[[holbytla]]n'' and they remained an object of lore until they contacted them during the War of the Ring. Many old words and names in "[[Hobbitish]]" are cognates of words in [[Rohirric]], so much so that even someone without linguistic training could make out the relation ([[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] would later write an entire book devoted to the relationship, ''[[Old Place Names in the Shire]]'').

==History==

[[File:Robin Wood - Mathom lore.jpg|thumb|Robin Wood - [[Mathom]] lore]]
While situated in the Valley of the Anduin River the Hobbits lived close by the Northmen. Some time near the beginning of the [[Third Age]], they undertook, for reasons unknown, but possibly having to do with the [[Dol Guldur|rising evil power in Mirkwood]], the arduous task of crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], beginning thus their '''[[Wandering Days]]'''. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that [[Gollum]] would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River [[Baranduin]] (which they renamed ''Brandywine'') and the [[Weather Hills]]. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.

In the year {{TA|1601}}, two Fallohide brothers decided to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. Only [[Bree]] and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called [[The Shire]].

Originally the [[Shire-hobbits]] swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of [[Arnor]], being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against [[Angmar]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]], the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help but this is nowhere else recorded. After the battle the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king the Hobbits elected a [[Thain]] of the Shire from among their own chieftains.

The first Thain of the Shire was [[Bucca]] of the [[Marish]], who founded the Oldbuck family. However, later on the Oldbuck family crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of [[Buckland]] and the family name changed to the familiar "Brandybuck". Their patriarch then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the [[Oldbucks]]/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftains be Thain, the [[Took family]] (Indeed, [[Peregrin Took|Pippin Took]] was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of [[Shire-moot]] and Muster and the [[Hobbitry-in-arms]], but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality.

==Some well-known Hobbits==
[[File:Lorraine Brevig - Frodo and Sam in Ithilien.jpg|thumb|Frodo and Sam]]
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise "Sam" Gamgee]]
* [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]]
* [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]]
* [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]]
* [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]]
* [[Bandobras Took|Bullroarer Took]]
* [[Sméagol]] (who became the creature [[Gollum]])
* [[Déagol]]

Though in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' it is mentioned that [[Gandalf]] "was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures," no female Hobbits are depicted in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s stories doing so; however Hobbit women do appear in his works, such as the formidable [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] and Sam's wife [[Rose Cotton|Rose Cotton]].

== Etymology ==
:''This section explains the fictional etymology of the word in the linguistic context of Middle-earth; for the actual origin of the word see the section [[#Inspiration]] below''.
''Hobbit'' was derived from [[Old English]] ''[[holbytla]]'', "hole-dweller" which represents the [[Rohirric]] language.<ref>{{HM|RW}}, p. 144</ref> In a letter, Tolkien commented on the pronounciation of the word ''hobbit'': "I am sure many hobbits drop their ''h''s like most rural folk in England".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Alina Dadlez (19 September 1962)]]" (letter); quoted in {{CG|RG}}, p. 1036</ref>

The relationship hobbit/holbytla parallels the original [[Westron]] ''[[Kuduk]]'' (Hobbit), derived from the actual Rohirric ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (holbytla, hole dweller). This name obviously derives from the times when the hobbits lived at the [[Vales of Anduin]] with the [[Northmen]].<ref name="Road">{{TT|III8}}</ref><ref name="Translation">{{App|F2}}</ref>

Hobbits were also called ''[[Halflings]]'' by the [[Dúnedain]], first when they still measured 2 [[ranga]]r tall; twice as high as a hobbit who would reach only 1 ranga. The word retained even when the later generations of Dúnedain became shorter. However, the term is slightly offensive to Hobbits, as to themselves they are not 'half' of anything, and certainly do not use the term to refer to themselves.{{fact}}

''Halfling'' represents a translation of [[Westron]] ''[[banakil]]''. In [[Quenya]] the word is ''[[perian|Perian(d-)]]'' pl. ''Periandi''<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/856-most_expensive_Tolkien_book_in_the_world.php|articlename=Most expensive Tolkien bok in the world|website=[http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/index.php TolkienLibrary.com]}}, dedication to [[Elaine Griffiths]]</ref> and in [[Sindarin]] ''[[Perian]]'' pl. ''Periannath''.<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref>

*''See also: [[Wikipedia:Hobbit (word)]]''

==Inspiration==
{{quote|I am in fact a Hobbit (in all but size). I like gardens, trees and unmechanized farmlands; I smoke a pipe, and like good plain food [...]; I like, and even dare to wear in these dull days, ornamental waistcoats. I am fond of mushrooms (out of a field); have a very simple sense of humour [...]; I go to bed late and get up late [...]. I do not travel much.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|[[Letter 213]]}}

Tolkien's etymology for 'Hobbit' is interesting as well: the word obviously constructed meaningless as a spontaneous inspiration, without prior intent, but it would have been natural for him to see in it the German prefix ''hob'' meaning ''small'' (e.g. ''[[hobgoblin]]'', ''hobbledehoy'' and ''hobyah''). However this prefix dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards; thence when later he began to work out the language relations further (see: [[Mannish]]) he decided that it could be a derived form of an [[Old English]] word such as ''[[holbytla]]''.

According to Tolkien, the word ''hobbit'' came first, and then he decided to write ''[[The Hobbit]]'' around it. As a university lecturer, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribbling on a blank piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit", and the rest of the story sprang from that.<ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', p.172</ref> The idea of a little hole dwelling creature was introduced to Tolkien by one of his students in a story he had written.

It was revealed recently that the word pre-dated Tolkien's usage, though with a different meaning).<ref name="annot">{{HM|AH}}</ref> Tolkien's concept of hobbits, in turn, seems to have been inspired by Edward Wyke Smith's 1927 children's book ''[[Wikipedia:The Marvellous Land of Snergs|The Marvellous Land of Snergs]]'', and by Sinclair Lewis's 1922 novel ''[[Wikipedia:Babbitt (novel)|Babbitt]]''. Tolkien wrote to [[W.H. Auden]] that ''The Marvellous Land of Snergs'' "was probably an unconscious source-book for the Hobbits"<ref name=annot/> and he told an interviewer that the word ''hobbit'' "might have been associated with Sinclair Lewis's ''Babbitt''" who enjoys the comforts of his home.

The name ''hobbit'' had previously appeared in an obscure "[[Wikipedia:Denham Tracts|list of spirits]]" by Michael Denham, which includes several repetitions. There is no evidence to suggest Tolkien used this as a source — indeed he spent many years trying to find out whether he really did coin the word. Denham's "hobbit spirits" (which are never referenced anywhere except in the long list) have no obvious relation to Tolkien's Hobbits, other than the name (which may possibly imply hob- "small"): Tolkien's Hobbits are small humans, not spirits. Nonetheless, some few people have suggested that the reference in the Denham list should invalidate the trademark.

== In popular usage ==

"Hobbit" is a trademark owned by the [[Middle-earth Enterprises]], as some of names, places and artifacts included in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. For this reason [[Dungeons and Dragons]] and other fantasy tend to refer to Hobbits and Hobbit-like races rather as '''Halflings''' (''hin'' in the Mystara universe, ''hurthlings'' in Ancient Domains of Mystery).

''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis Homo floresiensis]'', a possible species in the genus Homo (thus, related to humans) discovered in 2004, has been informally dubbed a "hobbit" by its discoverers due to its small size.

[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have noted that in depictions and adaptations such as [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Hobbits are shown with unusually large feet, a conception probably influenced by the widespread art of [[the Brothers Hildebrandt]]. However, Tolkien himself never mentioned that large feet was a general feature of Hobbits.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_printable;post=365823;guest=38267446|articlename=Big Feet|dated=|website=[http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?guest=35804230 The One Ring Forums]|accessed=2 September 2012}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbits| ]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/hobbits]]
[[de:Hobbits]]
[[fi:Hobitit]]

Brandywine Bridge

2015-10-30T13:05:44Z

Dingolthron: Fixed '5 October' to '30 October'

{{location
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Brandywine Bridge.jpg|250px]]
| name=Brandywine Bridge
| type=Bridge
| location=Eastern border of [[the Shire]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=[[The Shire]]
| description=Stone bridge
| climate=
| othernames=Bridge of StonebowsGreat Bridge''i Varanduiniant''<ref name=SDEpi>{{SD|Epilogue}}</ref>
| etymology=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
The '''Brandywine Bridge''' was the bridge on the [[East Road]] crossing the River [[Brandywine]]; it marked the eastern border of [[the Shire]].<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref>

==History==
Originally called the '''Bridge of Stonebows''', when the [[Hobbits]] first settled in [[the Shire]] the [[Kings of Arnor]] required them to keep the Great Bridge in repair.<ref>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref>

Although unmentioned in his memoirs, [[Bilbo Baggins]] undoubtedly crossed and recrossed the bridge in {{TA|2941}} and {{TA|2942|n}}<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> on his adventure to the [[Lonely Mountain]].

[[Frodo Baggins]] and his companions did not use the bridge when they left the Shire in {{TA|3018|n}}. However, on their return trip they came to the bridge on [[30 October]] {{TA|3019|n}}.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> To their surprise they found the bridge blocked on both ends with two spiked gates. Despite a sign proclaiming "No admittance between sundown and sunrise" the four hobbits made their way over the bridge, after dispatching [[Bill Ferny]]. They stayed the night at the guard-house before moving on to rouse the Shire.<ref>{{RK|VI8}}</ref>

In {{FoA|15}} King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] rode to the Brandywine Bridge and greeted his old friends (but did not cross into the Shire for he himself had forbidden men to enter the land in an edict of {{FoA|6}}). At this meeting he bestowed the [[Star of the Dúnedain]] on [[Samwise Gamgee]] and made Sam's daughter [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]] a maid of honour to Queen [[Arwen]].<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>

==Etymology==

In [[Sindarin]], the name of the bridge was '''''i Varanduiniant'''''. ''[[i]]'' is the singular definite article "the", which causes the initial ''b-'' in ''[[Baranduin#Etymology|Baranduin]]'' to take the [[Lenition|lenited]] form ''v-'' (i.e., ''Varanduin''); the final element ''[[iant]]'' means "bridge".<ref>{{VT|50a}}, p. 12</ref><ref name=SDEpi/>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Brandywine Bridge is a landmark in the Bridgefields. Talking to a character near the bridge starts the quest "The Tale of the Shipwrecked Mariners".<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://lotro-wiki.com/index.php/Brandywine_Bridge|articlename=Brandywine Bridge|dated=8 August 2012|website=[http://lotro-wiki.com/index.php/Main_Page LOTRO-wiki.com]|accessed=15 March 2013}}</ref>

'''[[2010]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'':'''
:The meeting of Elessar and the Mayor in {{FoA|15}} is featured in a cutscene after the last mission. It is portrayed as a low, wooden bridge.<ref name="YouTube">"[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZxeX7tYekQ Lord of the Rings Aragonr's Quest Walkthrough Black Gates pt 2 ]", [http://www.youtube.com YouTube] (accessed 30 June 2012)</ref>

==External links==

*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/02/05/what-does-the-name-of-the-bridge-of-stonebows-refer-to/ What Does the Name of the Bridge of Stonebows Refer To?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{References}}
[[Category:Bridges]]
[[Category:The Shire]]

[[de:Brandyweinbrücke]]
[[fi:Rankkivuon Silta]]

Pauline Baynes

2015-10-25T02:34:03Z

Dingolthron: removed extra "later" in first paragraph

{{cleanup}}
{{artist infobox
| image=[[Image:Pauline Baynes.jpg|250px]]
| name=Pauline Baynes
| born=[[9 September|September 9]], [[1922]]
| died=[[2 August|August 2]], [[2008]]
| style=
| images=[[:Category:Images by Pauline Baynes|Gallery]]
| location=England
| website=
|}}

'''Pauline Diana Gasch, née Baynes''' ([[9 September|September 9]], [[1922]] - [[2 August|August 2]], [[2008]]) was an English book illustrator, whose work encompasses more than 100 books. Though her early years were spent in India, where her father was commissioner in Agra, she and her elder sister came to England for their schooling. Baynes attended the Slade School of Fine Art, but after a year she volunteered to work for the Ministry of Defence, painting camouflage, though she was soon transferred to a map-making department (knowledge of which she later employed to good effect when she drew maps of [[The Chronicles of Narnia|Narnia]] for [[C.S. Lewis]] and of [[Middle-earth]] for [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]).

Baynes was [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s chosen illustrator. In 1949, she illustrated ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]'', followed by cover art for the
1961 Puffin edition of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and a triptych for the slip-case of the 1964 deluxe edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. In 1962, she illustrated ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'', and in 1967, ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''. Before Tolkien's death, she also illustrated two posters: "[[A Map of Middle-earth]]" ([[1970]]) and "[[There and Back Again (map)|There and Back Again]]" (based on ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[1971]]). After Tolkien's death, she provided illustrations for the poem ''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]'' (as a poster in [[1974]], as a book in [[1990]]) and the collection ''[[Poems and Stories]]'' ([[1980]]). She also painted the covers for the British [[1973]] one-volume and [[1981]] three-volume paperback editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The final published appearance of Baynes' Tolkien art was the addition of her map of "The Little Kingdom" to the fiftieth anniversary edition of ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]'' ([[1999]]).<ref>"In Memoriam: Pauline Diana Baynes", in ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 6]]'', p.vii</ref>

==See also==

*[[:Category:Images by Pauline Baynes|Images by Pauline Baynes]]

==External links==
*{{WP|Pauline Baynes}}
*[http://www.paulinebaynes.com/ PaulineBaynes.com] (tribute site maintained by [[Brian Sibley]])
*[http://www.charlottecory.com/articles/narnia.htm The woman who drew Narnia] by Charlotte Cory
*[http://mythoi.tolkienindex.net/#post10 Pauline Baynes' 'There and Back Again': Some Notes] by [[Morgan Thomsen]]
*[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/aug/06/booksforchildrenandteenagers Obituary] at The Guardian.com
*[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/pauline-baynes-illustrator-who-depicted-lewiss-narnia-and-tolkiens-middleearth-886121.html Obituary] at The Independent.co.uk
*[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/mythsoc/conversations/topics/20010 Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull announce Pauline Baynes death] to the Mythopoeic Society, 2 August 2008
*[http://martinspringett.com/paulinebaynes.html A Rememberance by Martin Springett]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baynes, Pauline}}
[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Cartographers]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[de:Pauline Baynes]]
[[fi:Pauline Baynes]]

Minas Tirith

2015-10-24T04:46:11Z

Dingolthron: Just fixing verb tense

{{disambig-more|Minas Tirith|[[Minas Tirith (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Minas Tirith at Dawn.jpg|250px]]
| name=Minas Tirith
| othernames=[[Minas Anor]] [[Mundburg]] The Guarded City
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[minas]]'' "tower" + ''[[tirith]]'' "guard"
| type=City
| location=Easternmost point of the [[White Mountains]], close to [[Anduin]]
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]
| realms=[[Gondor]] [[Reunited Kingdom]]
| description=White city of seven levels
| events=[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Siege of Minas Tirith]]
| references=
|}}
'''Minas Tirith''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Guard') was a city of [[Gondor]], originally called '''Minas Anor'''. From {{TA|1640}}<ref name="AppB-3A"/> onwards it was the capital of the South-kingdom and the seat of its [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]] and ruling [[Stewards of Gondor|Stewards]].

==History==
===Minas Anor===
The city of Minas Tirith was originally a fortress, Minas Anor ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Sun'), built in {{SA|3320}} by the [[Faithful|Faithful Númenóreans]].<ref name="AppB-2A">{{App|B1}}</ref> It was the western counterpart to [[Minas Ithil]] ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Moon'): guarding the western flank of the city of [[Osgiliath]] from the men of the [[White Mountains]], as Ithil guarded its east from [[Mordor]]. From Osgiliath the sons of [[Elendil]] jointly ruled the newly-founded [[Gondor|South-kingdom]], but Minas Anor was home to [[Anárion]]'s House and Minas Ithil to [[Isildur]]'s.<ref name="S-Rings">{{S|V}}</ref> Therefore when the seven ''[[palantíri]]'' were divided amongst the [[Realms in Exile]] one was placed in Minas Anor.<ref name="AppA">{{App|A}}</ref><ref name="TT-Palantir">{{TT|III11}}.</ref>

[[Sauron]] attacked Gondor in {{SA|3429}}, taking [[Minas Ithil]] and forcing Isildur to flee north to his father in [[Arnor]]. Anárion meanwhile was besieged in Osgiliath and Minas Anor for five years, until he was relieved by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In {{TA|2}} Isildur planted the second [[White Tree of Gondor]] in Minas Anor in memory of his brother, who had perished during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. From this point the Kingship of Gondor belonged solely to the heirs of Anárion, who continued to rule from Osgiliath.<ref name="AppB-3A">{{App|B2}}</ref><ref name="PM-Heirs">{{PM|VII}}</ref>

In {{TA|420}}<ref name="AppB-3A"/> Minas Anor was rebuilt by [[Ostoher]], the seventh [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]], and his from his reign onwards the Kings removed there from Osgiliath in the summer.<ref name="AppA"/> It remained the second city of Gondor for the next thousand years as the Kingdom reached the height of its power under the [[Ship-kings]], and then fell into its long decline. Osgiliath was burned and its ''palantír'' lost during the [[Kin-strife]], and from this point Minas Anor gradually grew more prominent. In {{TA|1636}} the old capital was devastated by the [[Great Plague]], leaving it depopulated and falling into ruin. Soon after [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] permanently moved the King's House to Minas Anor.<ref name="AppA"/><ref name="AppB-3A"/>

For a short time under Tarandor and his heirs the decline of Gondor was slowed, although constant wars with various groups of [[Easterlings]] took their toll. In {{TA|1900}} [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] built the first [[Tower of Ecthelion|White Tower]] in the Citadel of Minas Anor to house the city's ''palantír''.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> Just over a century later, however, the kingdom was dealt a harsh blow. In {{TA|2002}} Minas Ithil, where the guard on Mordor had long since slackened, was captured by the [[Nazgûl]]. It became known as Minas Morgul, and in turn Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith, 'Tower of the Guard' or the 'Guarded City'.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/> Soon after [[Eärnur]], the last King of Gondor, was killed in the Morgul Vale, and the lordship of the South-kingdom passed to the [[Stewards]].<ref name="AppA"/>

===Minas Tirith===
[[File:John Howe - Minas Tirith.jpg|thumb|left|[[John Howe]] - ''Minas Tirith'']]Following a brief respite in the [[Watchful Peace]], Gondor under the Stewards became increasingly beset by enemies: control of [[Ithilien]] and the ruined bridges of [[Osgiliath]] passed back and forth between Minas Tirith and Minas Morgul,the coastlands were raided by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and Easterlings assailed them from the north.<ref name="AppA"/> The Citadel was improved under [[Ecthelion I]] ({{TA|2685}}–{{TA|2698|n}}),<ref name="AppA"/> who rebuilt the [[Tower of Ecthelion| White Tower]] which afterwards bore his name.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> But equally the White Tree died at the same time as the twenty-first Steward, [[Belecthor II]], and this time a new seedling could not be found to replace it.<ref name="AppA" />

In the reign of [[Ecthelion II]] ({{TA|2953}}–{{TA|2984}})<ref name="AppA"/> Minas Tirith was strengthened against Mordor, where Sauron had now declared himself openly. It was at this time that [[Aragorn]] the future King first came to the city under the name [[Thorongil]], and did great deeds.<ref name="AppA"/>

===War of the Ring===
{{main|Battle of the Pelennor Fields}}
During the [[War of the Ring]], the brunt of [[Mordor]]'s assault on the [[Free peoples]] was directed at Gondor and Minas Tirith. [[Cair Andros]] fell on [[10 March]] {{TA|3019}} and on [[12 March]] a company led by [[Faramir]] was forced to retreat from its defense of Osgiliath.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> An effort was made to repair the Rammas Echor, but this came too late.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/> With the crossings of Anduin taken the Pelennor was overrun, and Minas Tirith was besieged by a great army of Morgul orcs and Easterlings led by the [[Witch-king]]. The city was under-manned, and its defenders had little hope; on [[15 March]] the Great Gate was breached and the last ruling Steward, [[Denethor|Denethor II]], burned himself in despair.<ref name="RK-Siege">{{RK|V4}}</ref><ref name="RK-Pyre">{{RK|V7}}</ref> But [[Gandalf]] was also present, and rescuing Faramir from his father he took charge of the defence of Minas Tirith. The [[Rohirrim]] under [[Théoden]] also came unlooked for to the city's aid, and [[Aragorn]] led a force up the river from [[Pelargir]]. Seeing this [[Imrahil]], [[Prince of Dol Amroth]], led a sally from the city, and the three armies were able to break the siege in the decisive [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref name="RK-Pelennor">{{RK|V6}}</ref>

On [[1 May]] {{TA|3019}}, returning with the victorious from the [[Battle of the Morannon]], Aragorn was crowned on the plain outside Minas Tirith, and he entered the city as King Elessar. On [[25 June]] he discovered a sapling of the line of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]] in a hidden hallow of Mount Mindolluin. This was planted in the Court of the Fountain – the fourth White Tree of Gondor.<ref name="RK-StewardKing">{{RK|VI5}}.</ref><ref name="AppB-3A"/>
===Fourth Age===
Under King Elessar Minas Tirith was rebuilt and restored: the Great Gate was remade in ''[[mithril]]'' and steel, the streets were repaved with white marble and gardens and trees were planted all around the city. This labour was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Glittering Caves]], led by [[Gimli]], and [[Silvan Elves|Wood-elves]] brought there by [[Legolas]].<ref name="RK-StewardKing"/>

==Geography==
[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Minas Tirith.jpg|left|thumb|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] - ''Minas Tirith'' (unfinished drawing)]]
Minas Tirith was situated on the [[Hill of Guard]] – the "out-thrust knee" of [[Mount Mindolluin]], connected to the main mass of the mountain by a narrow 'shoulder'.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith">{{RK|V1}}.</ref><ref name="WR-MinasTirith">{{WR|3|III}}.</ref> It faced eastward towards Osgiliath, over the [[Pelennor Fields]] surrounding the city, fertile townlands stretching from the walls of the city proper to the [[Rammas Echor]].<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/>

The city was built on the hill with seven concentric tiers cut on the hill culminating in the [[Citadel of Gondor|Citadel]] at the summit. The outer wall was called the [[City Wall]] and was black, of the same material used in [[Orthanc]]. The City Wall was vulnerable only to earthquakes capable of rending the ground where it stood.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/>

Each of the seven levels stood 100 feet higher than the one below it and was surrounded by a white wall. Each wall held a gate, and each gate faced a different direction: only the great gate and that of the seventh level faced east; the gate to the second level faced southeast, and that to the third faced northeast; so altering between the two such that the path up through the levels wound to and fro rather than following a straight line. An outcropping of rock as high as the seventh level bisected all the lower levels except the lowest on the line of the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith|Great Gate]]. The winding path through the city therefore passed through tunnels in this 'keel' five times.

The '''First Level''' included the [[Rath Celerdain]], a white paved street with an inn, the [[Old Guesthouse]].

The '''Sixth Level''' contained stables for riders, and the [[Houses of Healing]]. There was also [[Fen Hollen]], a door which was almost always closed, leading to [[Rath Dínen]]<ref name="RK-MinasTirith" />, the 'shoulder' of rock that joined the Hill to the main mass of Mount Mindolluin rose to the level of the fifth wall and was fortified with large ramparts, where the tombs of the Kings of Gondor and their Stewards lay. The uppermost tunnel was delved into the spur of rock that jutted out of the eastern face of the Hill; The keystone of its archway was carved with the head of a crowned King. [[Guards of the Citadel]] manned the Seventh Gate which faced eastward in line with the Great Gate 700 feet below and emerged into the Citadel, the city's strongest point, surrounded by high walls and battlements on the 'keel'.

The '''Citadel''' housed the [[Court of the Fountain (Minas Tirith)|Court of the Fountain]] and the [[Tower of Ecthelion]], which brought the total height of the city to 1000 feet.<ref group="note">On the basis of this figure and unpublished sketches by Tolkien [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimated the breadth of the city at 3100 feet in her ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth|Atlas]]''.</ref> Before the Tower grew the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] in a court. There were also the [[King's House]], lodgings for the Steward, [[Merethrond]], barracks for the Guard of the Citadel, and other buildings for guests and other workers.

==Non-canon statistics==
[[Image:Ryszard_Derdzinski_-_Minas_Tirith.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ryszard Derdzinski]] - ''Minas Tirith'']]
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimates the diameter of the city to be 3,100 feet for the First Circle of the City.

According to the [[New Line Cinema|New Line]] book ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare]]'', the height of Minas Tirith (in the films) from the foot of the gates to the top of the Tower of Ecthelion (which individually is said to be 300 feet tall) is around 1,000 feet (304.8 m), and the diameter of the city almost three-quarters of a mile (3,960 feet). The book also suggests that the towering bastion of stone, shaped like the keel of a ship, which rose from behind the Great Gates on the first level to the citadel on the seventh, was a quarter of a mile tall (1 320 feet). However this height does not take into account the Tower of Ecthelion, which was situated on the seventh level, meaning that in total the city is some 1,620 feet tall (493.7 m). This means that the city's total height is somewhere between 1,000 feet (304.8 m) and 1,620 feet (493.7 m).

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
[[File:War in middle earth gameplay.gif|thumb|200px]]
:Minas Tirith is one of the many battlefields in this game. The city is brown, unlike the books in which it is white.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The city appears briefly when Gandalf goes there to discern the identity of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s [[The One Ring|One Ring]]

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Minas Tirith can be seen in the distance for a few seconds when [[Faramir]] takes [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], and [[Gollum]] to [[Osgiliath]].

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Tolkien's description of the physical layout of Minas Tirith is followed scrupulously in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]] film, although there is no reason to suppose that the top of the rock is flattened and paved, and in the book it is not the location for the coronation of [[Aragorn]] which occurs on the Pelennor Field outside Minas Tirith, he then enters the city as King. In the film version it is within clear sight of the mountains surrounding Mordor and the fires of [[Mount Doom]], so much that in at least one night scene the light of it shines on the faces of viewers from the city walls. However, in the books the mountains were far enough away that from the city they looked like a low dark shadow over the land far away.

:According to the "Making Of" featurettes on the Extended Edition DVDs, the appearance and structure of the city was based upon [[Wikipedia:Mont Saint-Michel|Mont Saint-Michel]], France.

:Portions of Minas Tirith were constructed as full-scale sets (built on the foundations of the disassembled [[Helm's Deep]] set), and the whole city as a highly detailed "[[bigature]]" by [[Weta Workshop]] combined with a detailed three-dimensional digital model, along with the whole of its surrounding environment. Despite the description of Minas Tirith's [[Othram]] as a black, indestructible wall, Jackson depicted all of the walls as white, who also are destructible.

:In the films, the towers of Minas Tirith are equipped with 100 [[trebuchet]]s. These played a significant role in the siege in the movie, as they were responsible for destroying many orcs, siege towers and catapults; some were smashed to bits by fell beasts, but all were repaired in the end.

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Minas Tirith|Images of Minas Tirith]]

{{references|note}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Minas Tirith| ]]
[[de:Minas Tirith (Gondor)]]
[[fi:Minas Tirith]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/gondor/minas_tirith]]

Arthur Tolkien

2015-10-21T02:00:53Z

Dingolthron: Just fixing a couple typos

'''Arthur Reuel Tolkien''' ([[18 February]] [[1857]] - [[15 February]] [[1896]]) the father of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], was born in Handsworth, Stafford, England, about February of 1857. He was the eldest child of [[John Benjamin Tolkien]] and [[Mary Jane Stow]]. Arthur had at least 5 siblings: Mabel (1858), Grace Bindley (1861), Florence Mary (1863), Wilfred Henry, and Laurence George H. Tolkien. Marian Esther (1866) and Mary Tolkien (1870) may also have been sisters of Arthur.

Arthur's father John had previously been married, to Jane Holmwood, with whom he had four children: Emily, born 1838, Louisa, born 1840, John Benjamin, born 1845 and Jane, born 1846.

Arthur did not follow his father into the traditional Tolkien trade in pianos, which many of his London cousins also followed; instead he became a bank clerk and ended up moving to South Africa, where he was later joined by his fiancée, [[Mabel Suffield]].

Arthur and Mabel were married in [[1891]]. Their first son, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Ronald]], was born on [[3 January|January 3]], [[1892]], and a second son, [[Hilary Tolkien|Hilary Arthur Reuel]], was born two years later on [[17 February|February 17]], [[1894]].

Mabel felt the English climate would be better for the boys' health and returned to England in [[1895]]. Arthur remained in South Africa because of business. Before he had the opportunity to join his family in England, he was hit by rheumatic fever and died of severe brain hemorrhage, on [[15 February|February 15]], [[1896]]. His father followed six months later.

Arthur's burial service took place in the Anglican church in Bloemfontein. He was buried in the "President Brand graveyard". His grave was re-discovered in the early 1990s by co-founders of the [[Haradrim_(Tolkien_Society)|South African Tolkien Society]].<ref>"[http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/1992/01/23/4/10.html Graf van Tolkien se pa is nou opgespoor]" (accessed 31 October 2011)</ref> A new tombstone was placed on his grave by the Tolkien family and co-founders of the South African Tolkien Society in 1994.<ref>Jan-Stefan van der Walt, "[http://kloofstreet.blogspot.com/2008/03/one-with-photo-of-tolkiens-fathers.html The one with a photo of Tolkien's father's grave]" at [http://kloofstreet.blogspot.com/ Kloof Street Blog] (accessed 31 October 2011)</ref>

==See also==

*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10846110 Arthur's Grave ]

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien, Arthur}}
[[Category:Tolkien Family]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[de:Arthur Tolkien]]
[[fr:tolkien/portraits/arthur_reuel_tolkien]]
[[fi:Arthur Tolkien]]

Stephen Colbert

2015-10-16T03:59:03Z

Dingolthron: Just changing formatting from previous edit so that the show title is in italics

{{actor
| image=[[File:Stephen Colbert.jpg|250px]]
| name=Stephen Colbert
| lifetime=[[13 May]] [[1964]]
| played=Lake-town spy
| film=[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film trilogy]]
| imdb=[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0170306/ Profile]
}}
'''Stephen Colbert''' is an American political satirist, writer, actor, comedian, and television host of Comedy Central's ''The Colbert Report'' and CBS's ''The Late Show with Stephen Colbert''. He is a Tolkien fan who had a cameo in ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''.

==Roles==
* '''[[2013]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'' - Lake-town spy
* '''[[2014]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' - Lake-town spy

==External Links==

*'''[http://www.cbs.com/shows/the-late-show-with-stephen-colbert/ The Late Show with Stephen Colbert]'''
*'''[http://thecolbertreport.cc.com/ The Colbert Report]'''
*[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/2014/08/stephen-colbert-reveals-his-tolkien-credentials/ Stephen Colbert reveals his Tolkien credentials] at TolkienSociety.org

{{DEFAULTSORT:Colbert, Stephen}}
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

Stephen Colbert

2015-10-16T03:57:13Z

Dingolthron: Added "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" to his credits

{{actor
| image=[[File:Stephen Colbert.jpg|250px]]
| name=Stephen Colbert
| lifetime=[[13 May]] [[1964]]
| played=Lake-town spy
| film=[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film trilogy]]
| imdb=[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0170306/ Profile]
}}
'''Stephen Colbert''' is an American political satirist, writer, actor, comedian, and television host of Comedy Central's ''The Colbert Report'' and CBS's "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert". He is a Tolkien fan who had a cameo in ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''.

==Roles==
* '''[[2013]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'' - Lake-town spy
* '''[[2014]]''': ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' - Lake-town spy

==External Links==

*'''[http://www.cbs.com/shows/the-late-show-with-stephen-colbert/ The Late Show with Stephen Colbert]'''
*'''[http://thecolbertreport.cc.com/ The Colbert Report]'''
*[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/2014/08/stephen-colbert-reveals-his-tolkien-credentials/ Stephen Colbert reveals his Tolkien credentials] at TolkienSociety.org

{{DEFAULTSORT:Colbert, Stephen}}
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

Battle of Five Armies

2015-10-15T17:36:53Z

Dingolthron:

{{Countdown}}
{{disambig-more|Battle of Five Armies|[[Battle of Five Armies (disambiguation)]]}}
{{battle
|image=[[File:Matt Stewart - The Battle Under the Mountain.jpg|300px]]|
name=Battle of Five Armies
|conflict=Battle of Five Armies
|date=[[23 November]] {{TA|2941}} (speculative)<ref name="KWF99">[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' (second edition), page 99</ref>
|place=the slopes of Erebor, and the Valley and ruins of Dale
|result=Victory for the Elves, Men, and Dwarves
|side1=[[Elves]], [[Men]], [[Dwarves]], and [[Eagles]]
|side2=[[Orcs|Goblins]]/[[Orcs]], [[Wargs]], [[Bats]]
|commanders1=
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Thranduil]]
*[[Bard|Bard the Bowman]]
*[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin]]
*[[Thorin|Thorin]] †
*[[Gwaihir]]
|commanders2=
*[[Bolg]] †
|forces1=Over 1,000 Elf spearmen and several hundred more archers, est. 2-300 Lake-Men, over 500 Dwarves from the Iron Hills,<ref name="Thief">{{H|Thief}}</ref> many Eagles, Thorin's 12 Dwarf companions, and [[Beorn]]
|forces2="A vast host" of Goblins and Wargs; possibly 10-25,000
|casual1=Many
|casual2=Many
}}

The '''Battle of Five Armies''' was an important battle waged in {{TA|2941}}.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> The five warring parties were the [[Goblins]] and the [[Wargs]] against [[Men]], [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]] on and near the [[Lonely Mountain]].

==History==
=== Prelude ===

Thorin and Company, including the "master-thief" [[Bilbo Baggins]] trying to
recapture the heirloom of their fathers' (and possibly to kill Smaug, too, and thus to recapture the whole Kingdom) had camped without at [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] for some weeks. Bilbo had already done some exploration of the old hallways using the [[Back Door]] and had stolen a golden cup from the treasure. By this deed and by Bilbo's bold speech Smaug's anger was kindled.

Erroneously believing, due to some remarks Bilbo had made during his conversation with Smaug,<ref name="Inside">{{H|Inside}}</ref> that some scheme of the Men of [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] was the reason for the Dwarves' (and Bilbo's) presence, Smaug flew to Esgaroth to show them who is "the true [[King under the Mountain]]".<ref name="Inside">{{H|Inside}}</ref> Smaug's fires burned down the whole town, but the dragon was killed by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]]. The [[Elves of Mirkwood]] soon learned that Smaug had been killed and thus set forth to claim the treasure, believing there was no one left who had a claim on it. Having heard of the disaster that had struck the befriended men, the Elven host turned aside to offer any help that could be provided. Some day after the Elves had arrived at the [[Long Lake]] a united host of Men and Elves set forth towards Erebor, believing that the Dwarves had been among the first casualties of Smaug's wrath. To their surprise they found Thorin and Company quite alive, the gate to the halls beneath Erebor barred by a wall and themselves treated as foes, coming armed towards the gates.<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref>

For several reasons Bard, being heir of [[Girion]], Lord of [[Dale]], claimed one twelfth of the treasure: first, he was the dragonslayer and without him, the Dwarves could never have reclaimed their old home. Second, a great deal of Dale's treasure had been robbed by Smaug and thus belonged rightfully to Bard and not the Dwarves. Third, the men of Esgaroth had helped the Dwarves on their journey and now had suffered severely; their whole city burned to the ground and their stocks being destroyed by Smaug, whose anger in the end was only risen by the Dwarves alone. Therefore they demanded compensation and Bard intended to pay it from the part of the treasure he claimed.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

Yet Thorin rebuked these claims. He would not fulfill any of the conditions as long as an armoured Elven host camped near Erebor. For the Elves did not have any claims on the treasure and Thorin himself had been imprisoned by the Elves.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

As a result, [[Thorin and Company]] were trapped in a bloodless siege, with [[Thranduil]] and Bard hoping to wait him out.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref> However, Thorin had sent messages of his plight to his relatives using as messengers talking [[Ravens]] that lived on the Lonely Mountain. These reached [[Dáin Ironfoot]] of the nearby Iron Hills, and he marched to Erebor with 500 heavily armed [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]], most of them skilled veterans of the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]<ref name="Thief">{{H|Thief}}</ref>. When Dain's forces arrived, battle was almost joined between the two sides (now ''three'' armies were on the field) but at the last moment [[Gandalf]] intervened between the two and revealed that while they were bickering amongst themselves, the Goblins of the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Grey Mountains]] under [[Bolg]] were using the opportunity to march against them. They had been incited by Gandalf's earlier slaying of the [[Great Goblin]], but had now mobilized for a full-scale attack after hearing news of the death of the Dragon and the now relatively unguarded treasure hoard.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

=== The Battle ===

The three commanders agreed that the Goblins and Wargs were the enemies of all and previous grievances between them were put on hold in face of the greater threat. They arranged their forces on the two spurs of the Mountain that lined the valley leading to the now-sealed off great [[Front Gate|Gate of Erebor]]; the only entrance to the Mountain that remained unblocked (any others had been destroyed by Smaug long before). The 500 Dwarves and 200 or so Lake-men formed up on one spur and over 1000 Elves on the other, while a light rear-guard lined across the mouth of the valley to lure the Goblins between the two spurs of the mountain, and thus destroy them. [[Bilbo Baggins]] tried to sit out the battle on [[Ravenhill]] which was held by the Elves and where also Gandalf had withdrawn to.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

[[File:Joona Kujanen - Battle of Five Armies - Men of Esgaroth.jpg|300px|thumb|left|'''Battle of Five Armies: Men of Esgaroth''' by Joona Kujanen.]]Soon the Goblins and Wargs arrived, and at first the plan worked: they were lured into the chokepoint and took heavy losses. However, due to their superior numbers, the allied Free peoples did not hold the advantage long. The second wave was even worse than the first, and due to their sheer number now many Goblins scaled the mountain from the opposite side, and began to attack the arrayed forces from above and behind, as the main wave pressed forward. The battle raged across the Mountain, and then a great noise was heard: Thorin and his 12 Dwarf companions inside the mountain had thrown down a section of the stone wall they had erected across the mouth of the gates, killing many Goblins. Thorin and Company emerged, covered in the best armour and armed with the best weapons in Erebor. Then Thorin cried, "''Rally to me my kinsfolk''," and charged down into the valley to join the battle with many Dwarves and many Men and Elves joining them. Thorin advanced through the Goblins' ranks all the way up to the gigantic Goblins that formed the Bodyguard of Bolg, but could not get past them. Also his battle-line was too short, the flanks unprotected and thus his attack soon crumbled, Thorin and many others were cut off and hard beset by Bolg's bodyguard. The battle degenerated into a chaotic close quarters melee, no quarter asked or given.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

As the battle was turning fully against the Free Folk, a large army of Giant [[Eagles]] of the Misty Mountains arrived, led by the [[Great Eagle]]. Bilbo was the first to spot their entrance on the scene and began shouting that "the Eagles are coming!", a shout that was then continued among the other troops of the Free Folk. At this point Bilbo was knocked in the head by a large stone thrown by a Goblin from above on the Mountain, and he was knocked out.<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> With the support of the Giant Eagles, the Goblins that had scaled Erebor were driven off. The tide was eventually turned, when [[Beorn]] himself arrived at the battle, apparently having heard news that a large army of Goblins were on the move. This time he did not appear in his former shape of a giant Man, but in that of a gigantic Bear. Beorn drove through the Goblin lines, but paused to carry the wounded Thorin out of the battle with his paw. Beorn then returned to the battle with even greater wrath and smashed the ranks of the Bodyguard of [[Bolg]], ultimately killing Bolg. The Goblins panicked and scattered, to be picked off by hunting forces from the victors later.<ref name="Return">{{H|Return}}</ref>

=== Aftermath ===

[[Thorin]] had been mortally wounded on the field, and his nephews [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]] died defending him as he lay on the ground with shield and body. Thorin died soon after the battle, after he had met Bilbo one last time and had taken back the harsh words he had spoken before.

After defeating the Goblins and Wargs, the victors divided the treasure. Bard took [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s fourteenth share of the gold and silver in return for the [[Arkenstone]], whereupon he shared his reward with the [[Master of Lake-town]] and gave the Elvenking [[Thranduil]] the emeralds of [[Girion]]. Bilbo, despite having forfeited his share, was offered a rich reward by [[Dáin Ironfoot]] but refused to take more than two small chests of gold and silver.

It is said that three quarters of the Goblin warriors of the North were killed on that day. The Goblins of the Misty Mountains and the Dwarves both were significantly spent after the battle, and until the [[War of the Ring]], the North remained quiet on both sides.<ref name="Return"/>

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In its first versions, the conflict around Erebor ended after the Siege. While Bard and the Elvenking laid siege, Gandalf would arrive and negotiate a peace treaty. The actual Battle, dubbed by [[John D. Rateliff]] the "Battle of Anduin Vale", would be on the return journey, in what would later be known as the [[Vales of Anduin]]. There, Goblins and Wargs would waylay Bilbo. The Five armies in this incarnation were the Goblins, the Wargs, the Woodelves, the Woodmen, and [[Beorn|Beorn Medwed]] leading a troop of bears.<ref name=TBo5A">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[John D. Rateliff]] (ed.), ''[[The History of The Hobbit|The History of The Hobbit: Return to Bag-End]]'', pages 713-4</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The battle is completely omitted. Bilbo kills the dragon, and returns home.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:The "Five Armies" are the Elves, the Men, the Dwarves, the Goblins (and Wolves) and the Eagles. Bilbo estimates the force of the Men and Elves on 10,000, but this may not be an accurate estimate. The number of Dwarves of [[Thorin and Company]] to have died is seven, but only Thorin and [[Bombur]] are named among the dead. Only [[Glóin]] is shown as having survived the battle.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:The battle takes up most of the last chapter. Because Bilbo is the main character, his role in the battle is much expanded. After leaving Thranduil, he has to fight his way to Balin, [[Lianna]], [[Corwin]], Gandalf, Beorn, and ultimately Bolg.

'''2014: [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|''The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies'']]:'''
:The battle comprises a large proportion of the film. The five armies are described as Elves, Men, Dwarves and two armies of Orcs, one from the Misty Mountains and one from [[Gundabad]].{{fact}}

{{references}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[de:Schlacht der Fünf Heere]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:3a:guerres:bataille_des_cinq_armees]]
[[fi:Viiden Armeijan Taistelu]]

Friedrich Nietzsche

2015-10-15T14:55:46Z

Dingolthron:

[[Image:Nietzsche.jpg|frame]]
'''Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche''' ([[15 October|October 15]], [[1844]] – [[25 August|August 25]], [[1900]]) was a 19th-century German philosopher and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science.

Although [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and Nietzsche both were philologists, it is unknown if Tolkien ever read any work of Nietzsche, and few comparative studies have appeared. One study, however, is the article "''Über''hobbits: Tolkien, Nietzsche, and the Will to Power", written by [[Douglas K. Blount]] and published in ''[[The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy|The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy: One Book to Rule Them All]]''. Yet another article (first presented as a paper at the Tolkien conference at Exeter College, Oxford, in August 2006), the more lengthy "Frodo or Zarathustra: Beyond Nihilism in Tolkien and Nietzsche" by [[Peter M. Candler, Jr.]], was published in ''[[Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings – Sources of Inspiration|Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings: Sources of Inspiration]]''. The latter "''explores the intricate relationships between philology, creativity, creation, myths, the return to the past and the recurrence of things as discussed by Nietzsche and Tolkien''"<ref>[http://www.walking-tree.org/cormareBookInfo.php?number=18 Walking Tree Publishers] as of July 23, 2010</ref>.
==External links==
*{{WP|Friedrich Nietzsche}}
*"[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5230252/Uberhobbits ''Über''hobbits: Tolkien, Nietzsche, and the Will to Power]" (online version at docstoc)
*"[http://www.theologyphilosophycentre.co.uk/papers/Candler_TolkeinNietzsche.doc Tolkien or Nietzsche, Philology and Nihilism]", a working paper by Peter M. Candler, Jr. (downloadable Word document at The Centre for Philosophy and Theology)
*[http://www.methodinit.org.uk/methodinit/2007/06/14/nietzsche-and-tolkien-reviewing-the-will-to-power/ Nietzsche and Tolkien: reviewing the Will to Power, part 1], continues as [http://www.methodinit.org.uk/methodinit/2007/06/14/nietzsche-and-tolkien-2-the-valar/ part 2], [http://www.methodinit.org.uk/methodinit/2007/06/16/nietzsche-and-tolkien-3/ part 3], [http://www.methodinit.org.uk/methodinit/2007/06/24/nietzsche-and-tolkien-4/ part 4], and [http://www.methodinit.org.uk/methodinit/2007/06/28/nietzsche-and-tolkien-5-thus-spake-gandalf/ part 5]
{{references}}
[[CATEGORY:German people|Nietzsche, Friedrich]]
[[CATEGORY:People by name|Nietzsche, Friedrich]]

Front Porch

2015-10-01T15:12:31Z

Dingolthron:

{{disambig-two|the entrance to [[Goblin-town]]|entrance to the [[Lonely Mountain]]|[[Front Gate]]}}
The '''Front Porch''' was the name that the [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]] of [[Goblin-town]] gave to a cave that opened onto the [[High Pass]] in the [[Misty Mountains]]. It was marked by a large rock standing in the path, behind which was a low arch and narrow opening into the mountain. The cave was just large enough to accommodate [[Thorin]], the other dwarves, [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Gandalf]], and all their ponies during the thunder-battle in the mountains.<ref name="hill">{{H|Hill}}</ref>
==History==
The Goblin-town had a main gate in one of the passes of the [[Misty Mountains]] from which they assaulted travelers. As that way was eventually too dangerous and abandoned, travelers took the (seemingly safer) High Pass, so the goblins opened the Front Porch at some point before {{TA|2941}} as an alternate means to snatch people.<ref name=h6>{{H|6}}</ref>

[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]] discovered the cave and reported it empty. Upon entry, [[Gandalf]] lit his wand and explored it thoroughly. Satisfied, the company dried out and relaxed before falling asleep. Fortunately, Bilbo had a nightmare about a crack opening in the wall of the cave and upon waking found that his dream was partially true. Goblins had already stolen the ponies through a real crack in the wall when Bilbo let out a very loud yell. The goblins then captured Bilbo and the Dwarves, but the yell had woken up Gandalf, who escaped with a lightning-like flash that killed several of the goblins.<ref name="hill"/><ref name=h6/>

After their escape, Gandalf hoped to convince a "more or less decent [[Giants|Giant]]" to block the cave and make the passage safe again.<ref name=h6/>
==See also==
*[[Goblin-gate]]
{{references}}
{{companyroute}}
[[Category:Caves]]

High Pass

2015-10-01T15:10:06Z

Dingolthron:

{{location
| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Mountain-path (Colored by H.E. Riddett).png|250px]]
| name=High Pass
| type=Pass
| location=[[Misty Mountains]]
| inhabitants=
| othernames= Pass of Imladris, Cirith Forn en Andrath
| created=[[First Age]]
}}
The '''High Pass''' was a pass over the [[Misty Mountains]]. On its western end was the refuge of [[Rivendell]],<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Nancy Smith]], "[[Index questions]]"; cf. {{HM|RC}}, p. 207</ref> and from there the [[East Road|Great East Road]] climbed into the mountains until it reached the mountain under which lied the [[Goblin-town]].

There were actually two passes at this location. The lower pass was more prone to being blocked by Orcs, hence most travellers used the higher pass outside of those rare occasions when the Orcs were suppressed.

==History==
The High Pass was first created during the [[First Age]] by [[Oromë]] the [[Valar|Vala]], in order to allow for a crossing of the mountains by the [[Eldar]].{{fact}}

Later the High Pass was used by the [[Dwarves]], who connected their roads (the Great [[East Road]] and the [[Men-i-Naugrim]] through [[Mirkwood]]) with it.<ref>{{UT|7}}, note 14</ref>

In the [[Second Age]] the High Pass was used by the army of [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]] when they marched to [[Mordor]] in the War of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. After this war [[Isildur]] was slain by [[Orcs]] watching the way towards the pass.<ref name=gladden/>

The Pass became dangerous again because of the Orcs. Only with the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], which nearly wiped out all Orcs of the mountains, did it became safe again. Nevertheless in {{TA|2940}}, the goblins of [[Goblin-town]] had burrowed their way back to it, and [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the Dwarves of [[Thorin]] were captured the next year during the [[Quest of Erebor]].<ref>{{H|Over}}</ref>

During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Grimbeorn|Grimbeorn the Old]] and the [[Beornings]] kept the High Pass open,<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref> but the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] bypassed the High Pass because the eastern side of the Misty Mountains had become too dangerous.

==Names==
The High Pass was also known as the '''''Pass of Imladris'''''. In [[Sindarin]], the pass was called '''''Cirith Forn en Andrath''''' ("the high-climbing pass of the north"); ''[[cirith]]'' + ''[[forn (Sindarin)|forn]]'' + ''[[andrath (word)|andrath]]'').<ref name=gladden>{{UT|Gladden}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 207</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In the draft for the chapter, "[[The Ring Goes South]]", [[Elrond]] gave a name for both the High Pass and the [[Front Porch|Goblin Gate]], which was ''Annerchin''.<ref>{{RS|Ring}}</ref>

== Portrayals in Adaptations ==
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The High Pass can be found in the region of the Misty Moutains and is divided into two areas: the Northern High Pass and the Southern High Pass.

{{references}}
{{companyroute}}
[[Category:Passes]]
[[de:Hoher Pass]]
[[fi:Ylä-Sola]]

Born of Hope

2015-03-26T15:21:46Z

Dingolthron:

{{disambig-more|Hope|[[Hope (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[Image:Born of Hope - poster.jpg|250px]]
| name=Born of Hope
| director=Kate Madison
| producer = Kate Madison '''Assistant producer:''' Aaron Greenwood
| writer = '''Screenplay:''' Paula DiSante (as Alex K. Aldridge) '''Novel:''' [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] '''Additional writing:''' Christopher Dane Kate Madison Matt Wood
| narrator =
| starring = Christoper Dane Beth Aynsley Danny George Kate Madison Andrew McDonald Philippa Hammond Iain Marshall Howard Corlett
| music = Tobias Bublat Adam Langston Jacob Shelby Kevin Webster Rob Westwood Peter Bateman Arjan Kiel Toby and Cody McClure Martin Westlake
| cinematography = Neill Phillips
| editing = Christopher Dane Kate Madison
| studio = Actors at Work Productions
| distributor = Daily Motion, Youtube
| released = 1 Dec 2009
| runtime = 71 minutes
| country = [[United Kingdom]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| budget=
| website=[http://www.bornofhope.com/ Official website]
| imdb_id=tt1301303
}}'''''Born of Hope''''' is a fan film directed by Kate Madison and written by Paula DiSante (as Alex K. Aldridge), produced by Actors at Work. It was released online on [[1 December|December 1]], [[2009]].

==Plot==
Set in the late [[Third Age]], [[Sauron|Sauron's]] power is increasing. His orcs are constantly seeking out the remnants of the bloodline of [[Elendil]], kept alive in the Dúnedain. [[Dírhael]], his wife [[Ivorwen]] and their daughter Gilraen are fleeing from an attack on their village when they are ambushed by orcs on a forest road, and saved by a group of rangers led by Arathorn. Not having any place safer to go, the refugees are taken by Arathorn to [[Taurdal]], the village led by his father and Chieftain of the Dúnedain, [[Arador]]. While there, Arathorn and Arador ponder over the orcs' motives after finding various pieces of jewelry on their bodies. During her stay in Taurdal, Gilraen falls in love with Arathorn.

In light of the attacks on surrounding settlements, Arador leads his forces on a campaign against the orcs in the area in an attempt to restore peace to the region. Meanwhile, he sends Arathorn separately in an attempt to determine the meaning behind the attacks. Both are successful, and Arathorn discovers the orcs are serving Sauron, who seeks the [[Ring of Barahir]]. Arathorn and Gilraen receive Arador's blessing to be wed, but Arathorn cannot summon the courage to ask Dírhael for his daughter's hand. Arador is summoned to Rivendell to seek Elrond's council, and the wedding is postponed until his return. Arathorn eventually confronts Dírhael, and the two are married.

A year later, Arador is killed by a hill troll in the [[Coldfells]], making Arathorn the chieftain of the Dúnedain. Gilraen becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son, [[Aragorn]]. Taurdal knows peace for a while, until [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] come with news from [[Rivendell]]. [[Elrond]] has sensed that danger is once again threatening the region, and they request that Gilraen and Aragorn be brought back to Rivendell for safekeeping, as is the tradition with all Dúnedain heirs to the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|chiefdom]]. Before Arathorn and Gilraen can come to a decision, orcs attack the village. They are beaten off, and Arathorn leads the Rangers in pursuit of the stragglers. They are successful, but Arathorn is mortally wounded in the process. Without a chieftain capable of leading them, the Dúnedain disband Taurdal and go to hide in secret in the forests of [[Rhudaur]], while Aragorn is brought to Rivendell.

==Production Information==
''For the information booklet (pdf), see [http://www.bornofhope.com/BoH%20info%20booklet.pdf here]. Warning - the page may take a long time to load.''

This is quoted from the information booklet of the film:

"Born of Hope is a 60 minute ''[[The Lord of the Rings|Lord of the Rings]]'' inspired film being produced in the UK. A low budget production, the entire cast and crew are giving their services for no financial gain. The subject matter and quality has attracted people from around the world to join the team, even gaining support and interest from some of the original [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|New Line Trilogy]] cast and crew members including [[Richard Taylor]] and the Oscar winning team at [[Weta Workshop]], [[New Zealand]].

"Born of Hope is a non-commercial production being created for free internet download for film fans worldwide. It is being made purely for entertainment purposes and to keep the storytelling history of [[Middle-earth|Middle Earth]] ''(sic)'' alive.

"The trailer and video featurettes from the test shoot in April 2006 have been well received at many conventions and exhibitions around the world and we have a large following anxiously awaiting the release of the finished film.

"This project has been around for almost five years, with the original idea forming in 2003 when actor/filmmaker Kate Madison wanted to send a film to a Tolkien Fan Film Exhibition. However, from a small spark the idea grew into a hugely ambitious project and in April [[2006]] we embarked on a test shoot filming a collection of scenes from the
film. The final draft of the script has now been developed and we are in pre-production with principal photography scheduled to take place from July to December [[2008]] with an estimated release in [[2009]]."

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Role !! Actor
|-
| [[Arathorn II]] || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2297708/ Christopher Dane]
|-
| [[Gilraen]] || Beth Aynsley
|-
| [[Aragorn|Aragorn (aged 2)]] || Luke Johnston
|-
| [[Dírhael]] || Andrew McDonald
|-
| [[Ivorwen]] || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2391717/ Philippa Hammond]
|-
| Elgarain || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2411369/ Kate Madison]
|-
| Dirhaborn || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1861598/ Danny George]
|-
| [[Arador]] || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2099350/ Frank Jakeman]
|-
| Halbaron || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2336383/ Howard Corlett]
|-
| Evonyn || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2565628/ Amani Johara]
|-
| Mallor || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1908687/ Raphael Edwards]
|-
| [[Halbarad]] || Ollie Goodchild (16 years old) Lars Mattes (11 years old)
|-
| [[Elrohir]] || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1404145/ Sam Kennard]
|-
| [[Elladan]] || [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0447849/ Matt Kennard]
|}

==Crew==
''This is a partial list. For the full credits, see [http://www.bornofhope.com/Team.htm#Filmmakers here].''
* Director: Kate Madison
* Writer: Paula DiSante (as Alex K. Aldridge)
* Concept art:
**[http://web.mac.com/emmanuel1971/Site/Welcome.html Emmanuel Martin]
**[[Henning Janssen]]
**[[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]
* Sindarin translators:
**[[Roman Rausch]]
**Anushka

==Reception==
The film has garnered the attention of various professionals who worked on [[Peter Jackson|Jackson's]] [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|trilogy]]:

<blockquote>"Amazing stuff. It's incredible to see what craftsmanship, sensitivity and attention to detail is being brought to bear on this ambitious project. Everything so far looks amazing and I can't wait to see the finished film." - ''[[Richard Taylor]], Director/Effects Supervisor, Weta Workshop''</blockquote>

<blockquote>"I really admire what you are doing and would love to support your efforts in some way." - ''[[Daniel Falconer]], Designer at Weta Workshop''</blockquote>

<blockquote>"It looks like you people are putting together an awesome project--I'm looking forward to seeing the film, myself. Best wishes on completion of the project." - ''Christian Fletcher, Sword Maker''</blockquote>

==Trailer==
{{#ev:youtube|3rOT4IgyGJI|400}}

==External links==
* [http://www.bornofhope.com/ Official website]
* [http://youtube.com/user/ActorsatWork ActorsatWork] at Youtube, for the trailers and featurettes.

{{Fan films}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Fan films]]

18 March

2015-03-20T16:40:46Z

Dingolthron:

<noinclude>{{month|March}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1941]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 44]].
* '''[[1950]]''' - Actor [[Brad Dourif]] is born.
* '''[[1956]]''' - Tolkien writes [[letter 184|a letter to a Mr Sam Gamgee]].
* '''[[1971]]''' - Tolkien writes [[Letter 322]].
* '''[[2005]]''' - "Black Rider", the twelfth set in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'', is released.
* '''[[2008]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'' is announced.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2510}}:
** [[Borondir]] is on his way in search of the [[Éothéod]].
* {{TA|3019}}:
** The Host of the West marches from [[Minas Tirith]]. After [[Osgiliath]], they end the day march but a vanguard continues to the [[Cross-roads]]. [[Aragorn]] reclaims the land and restores the defiled statue of the King.
** [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] comes in sight of the [[Carach Angren|Isenmouthe]]. He is overtaken by [[Orcs]] on the road from [[Durthang]] to [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]].
<noinclude>
[[Category:Dates|078]]
[[de:18. März]]
[[fi:18. maaliskuuta]]
</noinclude>

Helm

2015-02-26T20:17:10Z

Dingolthron:

{{rohirrim infobox
| image=[[File:Turner Mohan - Helm Hammerhand.jpg|250px]]
| name=Helm
| pronun=
| othernames=Helm Hammerhand
| titles=[[King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohirric]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2691}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2741}} - {{TA|2759|n}}
| death={{TA|2759}}
| deathlocation=[[Helm's Dike]] during [[Long Winter]]
| age=68
| notablefor=
| house=House of Eorl
| parentage=[[Gram]]
| siblings=[[Hild]]
| spouse=
| children=Unnamed daughter, [[Haleth (son of Helm)|Haleth]] and [[Háma (son of Helm)|Háma]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=White
| weapons=None
| steed=
}}
'''Helm Hammerhand''' ([[Third Age]] {{TA|2691|n}} – {{TA|2759|n}}, aged 68 years) was the ninth [[King of Rohan]] and last King of the first line.<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref>

==History==
Helm became King at the death of his father [[Gram]], during a time of crisis. His father had already fought open warfare with the [[Dunlendings]], who operated from the captured fortress of [[Isengard]].

In {{TA|2754}} a man named [[Freca]], a Dunlending with Rohirric blood planned to have his son, [[Wulf]], marry the daughter of Helm. Freca rode to [[Edoras]] with a great force of men, planning to threaten the King to comply with his demands, but Helm Hammerhand smote him with his fist and Freca died soon thereafter. Because of his great strength Helm was known as '''Hammerhand'''.

The men of Freca left Edoras, but in {{TA|2758|n}} they returned with a great force of Dunlendings, reinforced by enemies of [[Gondor]] who had landed in the south. Under the leadership of Wulf they overran Rohan; Helm fought them at the [[Crossings of Isen]] but lost and withdrew into the [[Hornburg|Suthburg]] and there endured a long siege.

Helm held the fortress during the [[Long Winter]]. He blew his great war-horn, and broke through the Dunlending ranks, clad in white, stalking men like a [[snow-trolls|snow-troll]] slaying them with his bare hands. However, his sons [[Haleth (son of Helm)|Haleth]] and [[Háma (son of Helm)|Háma]] were slain and Helm grew gaunt because of grief and famine; still his horn would fill the Dunlendings with fear each time it was heard. During one of his night sorties Helm died, apparently from famine and cold; his body was discovered frozen in the snow still standing and ready to fight.

He was succeeded by his nephew [[Fréaláf|Fréaláf Hildeson]], who defeated the Dunlendings.

There was a belief that his horn was sometimes heard in the Deep and that his [[wraith]] still wandered through Rohan, and defended the keep that would be renamed the Hornburg.<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Helm in [[Old English]] means "protection". The word is seen also in the names [[Elfhelm]] and [[Dernhelm]].

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | DEO | | |DEO=[[Déor]] ''{{TA|2644|n}} - {{TA|2718|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | GRA | | |GRA=[[Gram]] ''{{TA|2668|n}} - {{TA|2741|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | HEL | | HIL |HEL='''HELM HAMMERHAND''' ''{{TA|2691|n}} - {{TA|2759|n}}''†|HIL=[[Hild]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|(| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | HAL | | HAM | | DAU | | FRE |HAL=[[Haleth (son of Helm)|Haleth]] ''d. {{TA|2758|n}}''†|HAM=[[Háma (son of Helm)|Háma]] ''d. {{TA|2759|n}}''†|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|FRE=[[Fréaláf|Fréaláf Hildeson]] ''{{TA|2726|n}} - {{TA|2798|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRY |BRY=[[Brytta|Brytta Léofa]] ''{{TA|2752|n}} - {{TA|2842|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:As part of the decorations of the [[Hornburg]], two statues were erected. One was destroyed beyond recognition, but the other was one of Helm. The warrior holds a hammer in his hand.
{{References}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born={{TA|2691}}
| died={{TA|2759}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Gram]]
| list=9th [[King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|2741}} – {{TA|2759|n}}
| next=[[Fréaláf]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Rohan]]
[[de:Helm]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/helm]]
[[fi:Helm Vasarakoura]]