Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Rasta

2007-11-10T19:39:48Z

Elemmakil:

{{qnums}}
'''rasta''' is believed to be the [[Quenya]] word for the number twelve. See the quote below.

{{quote|. . .For the number 12, only the stem '''RÁSAT''' is given in Tolkien's papers, but there cannot be much doubt that this would yield *'''rasta''' in Quenya ''(''Primitive Quendian *''rasatâ}''. . .|[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/ Ardalambion], [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/numerals.htm Quenya numbers]}}

Phanaikelûth

2007-07-30T20:26:19Z

Elemmakil:

'''Phanaikelûth''' was the name for the [[Ithil]] in the [[Valarin|language of the Valar]], and it is "said to mean 'bright mirror'".

Source: HoME XI, 401.

[[Category:Creations of the Valar]]
[[Category:Valarin words]]

Talk:Phanaikelûth

2007-07-30T20:25:52Z

Elemmakil:

Categorizing this article is somehow hard since there is no category "Valarin words" - I wonder if there's even need for one.In the other hand, articles such as [[Ithil]] and [[Rána]] are not in the category [[:Category:Creations of the Valar|Creations of the Valar]], and maybe that's a good idea. How should this be done? --[[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] 14:59, 21 January 2007 (EST)

:Still no replies. I wonder if anyone has noticed this talk? --[[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] 15:26, 16 July 2007 (EDT)

::Sorry. I, at least, have not noticed it. I'm not quite sure what you're asking. There are enough Valarin words that it's a good idea to have a category. You also mentioned Ithil and Rána as not being in the above category. When you ask "how should this be done", do you mean how do you create a category? Or how you add articles to a category? --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 15:35, 16 July 2007 (EDT)

:::Haha, no worries. The question would probaply be easier to understand if said "What would be the best way to do this?". So the category for Valarin words shall be created (if doesn't already exist). --[[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] 16:25, 30 July 2007 (EDT)

Talk:Phanaikelûth

2007-07-16T19:33:48Z

Elemmakil:

Talk:Phanaikelûth

2007-07-16T19:26:09Z

Elemmakil:

Andrew Seear

2007-07-07T06:59:05Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

'''Andrew Seear''' voiced the part of [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] in [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings 1981 radio series]] broadcasted on the BBC 4.

[[category:Actors and actresses]]

The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)

2007-07-07T06:58:39Z

Elemmakil: correcting links

In 1981 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a dramatisation of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s '''''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''''' in 26 half-hour stereo instalments.

It followed a previous 13-part BBC Radio version in 1956 (of which no recordings are known to have survived).

Like the novel on which it is based, ''The Lord of the Rings'' is the story of an epic struggle against the Dark Lord [[Sauron]] of [[Mordor]], the primary villain of the work, who created a [[One Ring|Ruling Ring]] to control the nineteen [[Rings of Power]], and an alliance of heroes who join forces to save the world from falling under his shadow.

==Broadcast history==

Each of the original 26 episodes received two broadcasts per week - standard practice for many BBC radio serials even today. The first broadcast of Episode 2 was blacked out across a large part of south east England because of a transmitter failure (a very rare occurrence even then).

The series was also broadcast in the US on NPR with a new synopsis preceding each episode, narrated by [[Tammy Grimes]]. It was also aired in Australia.

The 26-part series was subsequently edited into 13 hour-long episodes, restoring some dialogue originally cut for timing (since each hour-long episode is actually around 57 minutes, as opposed to 54 minutes for two half-hour episodes), rearranging some scenes for dramatic impact and adding linking narration and music cues.

The re-edited version was released on both cassette tape and CD sets which also included the soundtrack album (noticeably taken from a vinyl copy).

A soundtrack album featuring a completely re-recorded and in some cases expanded, suite of [[Stephen Oliver|Stephen Oliver's]] music was released in 1981.

==Discrepancies==

The script by [[Brian Sibley]] and [[Michael Bakewell]] attempts to be as faithful as possible to the original novels, but there are some errors and alterations. They include:

*At one point, [[Minas Anor]] and [[Minas Tirith]] are referred to as though they were separate cities; these are merely alternate names for the same fictional city.

*[[Aragorn]] receives a black standard from [[Arwen]] as a sign that he should rouse the [[army of the dead]]. In a later scene in the book the standard is no longer black but bears the [[White Tree of Gondor]]; there is no reference to this apparent transformation in the radio series.

*Part of the [[Rohirrim|Riders of Rohan]] sequence is described in song by an opera-style vocalist rather than acted, which tends to distance the listeners from the action.

*The radio serial omits the sequence in the book in which the hobbits visit with [[Tom Bombadil]]. This sequence was also excised from the [[Peter Jackson]] film version, because, according to Jackson, it contributed nothing to the long-range narrative of the story.

==Links to other ''Lord of the Rings'' productions==

[[Peter Woodthorpe]] ([[Gollum]]/[[Smeagol]]) and [[Michael Graham Cox]] ([[Boromir]]) played roles they had already played in [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]].

[[Ian Holm]], who played [[Frodo Baggins]] in the radio serial, went on to play [[Bilbo Baggins]] in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]. (Bilbo was played by [[John Le Mesurier]] in the radio serial.)

==Re-release in 2002==

In 2002, to cash in on the success of Jackson's movies, the BBC reissued the series in three sets corresponding to the three original volumes (''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', ''[[The Two Towers]]'' and ''[[The Return of the King]]'').

This version omitted the original episode divisions, and included a new opening and closing narration for the first two sets, and an opening narration only for the last, recorded by Ian Holm.

The re-edited version also included some additional music cues, which had to be taken from the soundtrack album because the original master tapes for the series music had been lost.

The soundtrack, now digitally remastered, was also included with ''The Return of the King'' set, with a demo of John Le Mesurier singing ''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]'' included as a bonus track.

The 13-episode series was also rerun on Radio 4 in 2002.

The series has not been heard on the digital BBC archive station BBC 7, despite frequent requests, reportedly because of copyright issues.

==Cast and Credits==

*Narrator: [[Gerard Murphy (narrator)|Gerard Murphy]]
*[[Frodo Baggins]]: [[Ian Holm]]
*[[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey/Gandalf the White]]: [[Michael Hordern]]
*[[Aragorn]] (Strider): [[Robert Stephens]]
*[[Sam Gamgee]]: [[Bill Nighy|William Nighy]]
*[[Farmer Maggot]]: [[John Bott]]
*[[Barliman Butterbur]]: [[James Grout]]
*[[Galadriel]]: [[Marian Diamond]]
*[[Celeborn]]: [[Simon Cadell]]
*[[Boromir son of Denethor II|Boromir]]: [[Michael Graham Cox]]
*[[Arwen Evenstar]]: [[Sonia Fraser]]
*[[Gimli]]: [[Douglas Livingstone]]
*[[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] (Merry): [[Richard O'Callaghan]]
*[[Peregrin Took]] (Pippin): [[John McAndrew]]
*[[Legolas Greenleaf|Legolas]]: [[David Collings]]
*[[Saruman|Saruman the White]]: [[Peter Howell]]
*[[Elrond]]: [[Hugh Dickson]]
*[[Bilbo Baggins]]: [[John Le Mesurier]]
*[[Gollum|Gollum/Sméagol]]: [[Peter Woodthorpe]]
*[[Théoden]]: [[Jack May]]
*[[Gríma Wormtongue]]: [[Paul Brooke]]
*[[Éowyn]]: [[Elin Jenkins]]
*[[Éomer]]: [[Anthony Hyde]]
*[[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]]: [[Andrew Seear]]
*[[Treebeard]]: [[Stephen Thorne]]
*[[Denethor II|Denethor]]: [[Peter Vaughan]]
*[[Glorfindel]]: [[John Webb]]
*[[Gamling]]: [[Patrick Barr]]
*[[Ceorl]]: [[Michael McStay]]
*[[Hama]]: [[Michael Spice]]
*[[Witch-king of Angmar|Lord of the Nazgûl]]: [[Philip Voss]]
*[[The Mouth of Sauron]]: [[John Rye]]
*[[Shelob]]: [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]]

*Dramatisation: [[Brian Sibley]] and [[Michael Bakewell]]
*Music: [[Stephen Oliver]]
*Radiophonic sound: [[Elizabeth Parker]]
*Produced and directed by [[Jane Morgan]] and [[Penny Leicester]]

==Mind's Eye radio serial==

There is a second radio dramatisation of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s '''''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''''', produced by The Mind's Eye, and featuring a different cast. It is sometimes confused with the BBC production, but is distinguished by the fact that the most widely circulated US edition comes in a wooden box, whether on compact discs or cassette tapes.

It was recorded prior to the BBC version, and because its cast recorded their tracks separately (unlike the BBC production which, like most British radio serials, assembled the cast to record their dialogue together) is often criticised as being inferior to the BBC version.

The cast includes [[Ray Reinhardt]] (Bilbo), [[James Arrington]] (Frodo), [[Pat Franklyn]] (Merry), [[Mac McCaddon]] (Pippin), [[Lucille Bliss|Lou Bliss]] (Sam), [[Bernard Mayes]] (Gandalf), [[Gail Chugg]] (Narrator), [[Bernard Mayes]] (Tom Bombadil), [[Tom Luce]] (Strider/Aragorn). Franklyn, McCaddon, Chugg , Reinhardt, Bob Lewis, [[John Vickery]], [[Erik Bauersfeld]] and [[Carl Hague]] were credited for "additional voices".

The Mind's Eye version has also been idenfitied as the Soundelux version, and most recently, the Highbridge version. (The name changes correspond to the studios/companies which owned the rights at the time.)
[[Category:Radio adaptations]]

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King

2007-07-07T06:57:42Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

[[Image:Peter Jackson's The Return of the King - Poster.jpg|thumb|250px]]

'''''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King''''' is the third part in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

The film premiered in [[Wellington]], [[New Zealand]], on December 1 2003, was attended by the director and many of the stars. Further premieres took place in major cities around the world in the days leading up to the film's worldwide theatrical release on Wednesday, December 17, 2003 with a runtime of 200 minutes (that is, 3 hours and 20 minutes).

Globally, The Return of the King is the 2nd biggest grossing film in cinema history. At the 2004 Oscars the film won 11 awards, equalling the record shared by ''Ben-Hur'' and ''Titanic''.

The first two films were ''[[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' and ''[[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]'', although the film's story includes later events in the section of the book ''[[The Two Towers]]'' as well as most of ''[[The Return of the King]]''.

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Role !! Actor
|-
| [[Frodo Baggins]] || [[Elijah Wood]]
|-
| [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]] || [[Ian McKellen]]
|-
| [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]] (Strider) || [[Viggo Mortensen]]
|-
| [[Samwise Gamgee]] (Sam) || [[Sean Astin]]
|-
| [[Galadriel]] || [[Cate Blanchett]]
|-
| [[Théoden]] || [[Bernard Hill]]
|-
| [[Éowyn]] || [[Miranda Otto]]
|-
| [[Éomer]] || [[Karl Urban]]
|-
| [[Gimli]] son of [[Glóin]] || [[John Rhys-Davies]]
|-
| [[Treebeard]] || [[John Rhys-Davies]] (voice)
|-
| [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] (Merry) || [[Dominic Monaghan]]
|-
| [[Peregrin Took]] (Pippin) || [[Billy Boyd]]
|-
| [[Legolas Greenleaf|Legolas]] || [[Orlando Bloom]]
|-
| [[Elrond]] || [[Hugo Weaving]]
|-
| [[Arwen Evenstar]] || [[Liv Tyler]]
|-
| [[Bilbo Baggins]] || [[Ian Holm]]
|-
| [[Gollum]] || [[Andy Serkis]] (voice and motion capture)
|-
| [[Denethor II|Denethor]] || [[John Noble]]
|-
| [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] || [[David Wenham]]
|-
| [[Rose Cotton|Rose "Rosie" Cotton]] || [[Sarah McLeod]]
|-
| The [[Witch-king of Angmar]] (Lord of the [[Nazgûl]]) || [[Lawrence Makoare]] (voiced by [[Andy Serkis]])
|-
| [[Gothmog, Lieutenant of Morgul|Gothmog]] || [[Lawrence Makoare]]
|-
| [[Saruman|Saruman the White]] (Extended version only) || [[Christopher Lee]]
|-
| [[The Mouth of Sauron]] (Extended version only) || [[Bruce Spence]]
|-
| [[Gríma Wormtongue]] (Extended version only) || [[Brad Dourif]]
|}

==Awards==
On January 27, 2004, the film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards – Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Score ([[Howard Shore]]), and Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, Best Make-up, Best Music (Song), Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects; however, none of the ensemble cast received any acting nominations. On February 29, the film won all eleven Academy Awards, winning in every category for which it was nominated. It tied with ''Ben-Hur'' and ''Titanic'' for the most Oscars ever won by a single film, and broke the previous record for a sweep set by ''Gigi'' and ''The Last Emperor''. The film was the first of the fantasy genre to win the Best Picture award. The film's win was also only the second time a sequel had won the Best Picture category (the first being ''The Godfather, Part II''). It could be argued that it is in fact the third sequel to win Best Picture, as The Silence of the Lambs was based on characters appearing in Manhunter. In the opinion of some critics, however, this accolade was not just for the merits of the individual film, but more a reward for the trilogy as a whole.

The film won also four Golden Globes, two MTV Movie Awards, two Grammy Awards, nine Saturn Awards and the Hugo Award.

==Synopsis==

As confirmed in the feature on [[Gollum]] in the Extended DVD Edition of ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'', [[Andy Serkis]] appears in person in a flashback scene playing Sméagol before his degradation into [[Gollum]]. This scene was actually held over from the previous film because it was felt that it would have a greater emotional impact if audiences had already seen what the Ring's influence had done to Sméagol. In his degraded state Gollum is "played" in the movies by a CGI character whose movements are sometimes derived from a motion-capture suit worn by Serkis, and sometimes from footage of Serkis interacting with the other actors and then digitally replaced by Gollum.

The city of [[Minas Tirith]], glimpsed briefly in ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'', is seen in all its glory. The filmmakers have taken great care to base the city closely upon Tolkien's description in ''The Return of the King'', Book V, Chapter 1. Close-ups of the city are represented by sets and long shots by a large and highly-detailed model, often populated by CGI characters.

This film contains key scenes that occurred in the middle portion of the novel ''The Lord of the Rings'' but were not included in the film ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers''. These include the scene in which the monstrous [[Shelob]] attacks Frodo and is wounded by Sam.

Other key events include the Siege of [[Gondor]]; the re-forging of the shards of [[Narsil]] into Aragorn's new sword [[Andúril]]; [[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]] and [[Legolas]]' journey through the [[Paths of the Dead]]; the epic [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], and the charge of the [[mûmakil]] (everything being carefully choreographed in advance, a process Jackson describes as like planning a real battle); [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Éowyn]]'s role in the defeat of the Lord of the Nazgûl; the destruction of the [[One Ring]] and the final fall of [[Sauron]]; Aragorn's assumption of the throne; and the departure of several of the heroes to the [[Undying Lands]].

''The Lord of the Rings'' movie trilogy is highly unusual in that it is to date the only movie series whose separate installments were written simultaneously and shot all at once, so that it could be considered three parts of a single very long film. This ensured that all three movies were consistent in terms of story, acting, effects, and direction.

==Plot==

The Lord of the Rings; The Return of the King picks up the story from the end of [[The Two Towers]]. The film begins with a flashback sequence, wherein we discover how the character [[Gollum]] first came across the [[One Ring]]. As this sequence ends, we find [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Sam Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Gollum]] approaching the mountains of [[Mordor]], with [[Mount Doom]]'s eruptions disturbingly close.

The plot then switches back to [[Isengard]]. [[Gandalf]], [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]], [[Gimli]] and [[Théoden]], the victors of the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], there confront the traitorous wizard, [[Saruman]]. They are informed by [[Saruman]] that [[Sauron]] is readying his forces for a final strike. Before he can give them more information, he is attacked by his servant [[Wormtongue]]. He is fatally stabbed in the back, and plummets from [[Orthanc]]'s top to be impaled on one of his machines, dropping from his sleeve a [[Palantíri|palantir]], which [[Gandalf]] retrieves.

That night, after a post-battle party in [[Edoras]], [[Pippin]], fascinated by the seeing stone, takes it from [[Gandalf]], ignoring [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]]'s urgings to leave it alone. Whilst gazing into the crystal ball, [[Pippin]] is spied by [[Sauron]] and through a psychic link, the [[Dark Lord]] attempts to interrogate the hobbit. Barely able to resist the Eye's power, [[Pippin]] is nearly broken into submission, but [[Gandalf]] and [[Aragorn]] wrest it from his tortured fingers. [[Pippin]] is left deeply shaken, but lives.

Gandalf is now certain that Sauron will come after Pippin, thinking he has the ring.

==Cuts and alterations==

According to British newspaper reports appearing on November 13, 2003, [[Christopher Lee]] was unhappy to learn that a seven-minute scene featuring a confrontation at [[Isengard]] in which [[Gandalf]] casts [[Saruman]] out of the order of [[Wizards]], would ''not'' be appearing in the finished film, and he decided to boycott the premiere as a result. [[Peter Jackson]] confirmed that this scene, although not in the theatrical release, would be included in the extended VHS and DVD editions. These were released on December 10 2004 in the UK and December 14 in the U.S., with an expanded length of 250 minutes (4 hours, 10 minutes) (slightly shorter in PAL versions). The final ten minutes of the extended DVD comprises a listing of the names of the charter members of the official fan club.

[[Christopher Lee]] apparently reconciled his differences with Peter Jackson because he appears on the behind-the-scenes documentaries and Cast Commentary on the extended DVDs.

The release of the theatrical edition had originally been scheduled for worldwide release in late August but actually appeared on May 25. The early release of the standard edition had led some fans to hope that the extended edition might be released as early as August, but the release was actually put back from mid-November, presumably because of the amount of work involved in preparing the extra footage and bonus material.

Other rumours suggested that the extended DVD might be a five or six-disc set, with the movie occupying three discs rather than two, and that the extended cut might be as long as ''six hours''. In January 2004, [[Peter Jackson]] indicated that the then recently completed extended edition is actually four hours and ten minutes long. He mentioned the inclusion of the "Mouth of Sauron" scene, as well as [[Frodo]] and [[Sam Gamgee|Sam]] running with the Mordor orcs. He also stated that not all of the unused footage shot for the movie would necessarily appear in the extended cut. (In the Director and Writers' Commentary on the extended DVD edition he jokes about including some scenes in a 25th Anniversary edition, provided he is not too senile to remember by then.)

The extended DVD is actually a 4-disc set like its predecessors, with the movie and commentaries occupying Discs 1 and 2 and the behind-the-scenes material on discs 3 and 4. A Collectors' Box Set was also released, which also included a sculpture of [[Minas Tirith]] and a bonus 50-minute music documentary DVD, ''Howard Shore: Creating The '' Lord of the Rings ''Symphony: A Composer's Journey Through Middle-earth''.

Fans also hoped that the extended discs would feature deleted scenes and outtakes, but none are included except for a few in the behind-the-scenes documentaries. There are further rumours of an even more spectacular Lord of the Rings Trilogy box set in the future, and Jackson has half-seriously mentioned the possibility of re-editing the trilogy into a TV miniseries, along the lines of the ''Godfather'' movies.

A sequence that did not make it from the book into the film at all despite the hopes of many fans, was the "[[Scouring of the Shire]]", in which the [[Hobbits]] return home at the end of their quest to find they have some fighting to do, owing to Saruman's takeover of [[the Shire]]. Jackson felt that it would tax the audience's patience to mount another battle scene after the critical conflict, the defeat of [[Sauron]], had already been resolved.

In the book, the fall of [[Saruman]] takes place at the end of the scouring, but in the film's theatrical release Saruman is left trapped in the tower of [[Orthanc]] by the Ents. In the extended edition Saruman appears on the roof of Orthanc bearing a Palantír and taunts Gandalf and his company with hints of a darkness in the heart of Middle-earth which will destroy them. (This is apparently a reference to Denethor's madness.) [[Saruman]] is finally stabbed by [[Gríma Wormtongue]] (which in the book occurs at the end of the Scouring of the Shire) and Gríma is shot by [[Legolas]] (in the book he is shot by a Hobbit). [[Saruman]] falls from the tower and is impaled on a wooden stake projecting from a mill-wheel. (This is an homage to Lee's ''Dracula'' movies; Peter Jackson wanted to be the last director to drive a stake through his heart.) The Palantír then falls into the water where it is found by [[Pippin]]. In the theatrical version there is no explanation as to how the Palantír fell into the water. In the book Gríma simply throws the Palantír at the company, not realising its value.

Fans hoped that several other key scenes from the book would be included in the extended cut, although inevitably not all of them were:

*'''Book:''' [[Théoden]] meets [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and calls them ''holbytlan'', suggesting that the word ''hobbit'' is derived from [[Rohirric]]; Pippin comments that the King of Rohan is "A fine old fellow. Very polite." [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] promises to tell him more about [[pipe-weed]]; the relationships of [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Pippin]] with [[Théoden]] and [[Denethor]] are more significant in the books. '''Movie:''' Just adds a scene where [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] pledges his allegiance to [[Théoden]].

*'''Book:''' On the way to the Morgul Vale, [[Frodo]], [[Sam Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Gollum]] pass through the Crossroads, where there is a giant statue of a seated king with his head laying on the ground nearby, "crowned" anew with flowers that have grown there, an image of hope amidst destruction. '''Movie:''' Included without alteration.

*'''Book''': The [[Witch-king of Angmar|Witch-king]] enters Minas Tirith when its gate is breached and challenges [[Gandalf]] to fight, but as a cock crows the horns of the Rohirrim announce their arrival and the Witch-king is forced to return to meet their assault. In the book this takes place at the gate of Minas Tirith. '''Movie:''' When the gate is breached trolls and orcs enter the city. Shortly afterwards, the Witch-king, riding his Fell Beast, intercepts [[Gandalf]] and [[Pippin]], on [[Shadowfax]], who are racing from the gate to the Citadel (at the summit of the city) to save [[Faramir]] from being burned alive by [[Denethor]]. The witch-king holds up his sword, which erupts into flame; Gandalf is then thrown off his horse as his staff breaks, presumably because of the witch-king's power. The arrival of the Rohirrim is announced by their horns, but there is no sound of a cock crowing first (despite the fact that Tolkien described this as one of his favourite images).

*'''Book:''' The Rohirrim bypass the main road to [[Gondor]] by negotiating with the Wild Men of Drúadan Forest for passage through their woods. '''Movie:''' There is no mention of the Wild Men or of Drúadan Forest; the Rohirrim just ride all night.

*'''Book:''' In the Pyre of Denthor scene it is revealed that Denethor has a [[Palantíri|palantír]], usually kept in a secret room at the top of the White Tower of Ecthelion, which he has been using to obtain strategic information for the defence of [[Gondor]]. But [[Sauron]] has infiltrated the palantír and used it to show [[Denethor]] a vision of the Black Ships. The vision is true as far as it goes, but [[Denethor]] does not realise the ships have been taken over by [[Aragorn]]'s army. '''Movie:''' Not included, but there is a scene after the Battle of Pelennor Fields, where [[Aragorn]] finds a Palantir in [[Denethor]]'s cloak in the throne room and reveals himself to Sauron (see below). The implication that this is the cause of [[Denethor]]'s madness is left to viewers with knowledge of the book. [[Denethor]], in the theatrical cut, does cryptically say that "the eyes of the White Tower are not blind", and he ''implies'' that he has a Seeing-stone, which someone that read the book might understand but would be lost on a movie-only audience. It is also possible, however, that the [[Palantíri|Palantír]] [[Aragorn]] used was the stone of Orthanc, and [[Denethor]]'s seeing-stone was completely cut out of the films.

*'''Book''': [[Éomer]] grieves over the deaths of [[Éowyn]] and [[Théoden]] after the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. '''Movie:''' We see [[Éomer]]'s shock at his sister's apparent death, and his attempts to nurse her back to health with the aid of [[Aragorn]].

*'''Book:''' [[Aragorn]] cures [[Éowyn]], [[Faramir]], and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] in the House of Healing. '''Movie:''' His healing of [[Faramir]] and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] is not included, although the healing of [[Faramir]] was reportedly filmed.

*'''Book:''' [[Sam Gamgee|Sam]] must use the Phial of [[Galadriel]] to get past the Silent Watchers of [[Cirith Ungol]]. '''Movie:''' Although the Silent Watchers briefly appear on screen, [[Sam Gamgee|Sam]]'s confrontation with them, which was reportedly filmed, is not shown.

*'''Book:''' [[Faramir]] and [[Éowyn]] meet and fall in love in the [[Houses of Healing]]. '''Movie:''' Referred to in a brief scene in which they begin to bond.

*'''Book:''' [[Aragorn]] reveals himself and his reforged sword to [[Sauron]] using the ''palantír'' recovered at [[Isengard]]. '''Movie:''' Included with alteration. Takes place following the Last Debate; [[Sauron]] retaliates by showing [[Aragorn]] a vision of [[Arwen]] apparently dying, which is not in the book.

*'''Book:''' Incognito in [[Orcs|Orc]] armour, [[Sam Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Frodo]] are forced to march with a band of Orcs who are heading for the Black Gate. '''Movie:''' Included. The scene ends with [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Sam Gamgee|Sam]] pretending to fight, causing the other Orcs to join in, and slipping away while they are distracted - a simplification of the original scene.

*'''Book''': The Mouth of Sauron taunts Gandalf at the Black Gate and presents evidence that Frodo had been captured (which was true, although Frodo was rescued by Sam before he could be interrogated). '''Movie:''' Included with alterations. The Mouth torments the Fellowship by claiming that Frodo has been horribly tortured and killed. He then taunts Aragorn over his broken sword and Aragorn decapitates him with the reforged Andúril. In the book he is allowed to live until the battle.

* '''Book:''' The spirit of Sauron rises like a black cloud from the ruin of Barad-dûr before being blown away by the [[Aman|West]] wind. '''Movie:''' Not included. In both versions of the film the destruction of the Ring causes the [[Eye of Sauron]] to erupt in flame and then explode as [[Barad-dûr]] collapses.

* '''Book:''' After the coronation, Gandalf counsels King Elessar and shows him where to find a seedling of the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]]. '''Movie:''' Not included. In the extended cut Gandalf tells Pippin that the dead White Tree remains in the courtyard in the apparently forlorn hope that it will blossom again; in a later scene the tree is seen bearing a single white flower. During Aragorn's coronation the courtyard is covered by the blossoms, and the tree is seen in the background in full bloom.

* '''Book:''' Eowyn disguises herself as "Dernhelm," and smuggles Merry along with her, allowing them both to take place in the Battle of Pelennor Fields. '''Movie:'''Included with alteration. Eowyn does stow away with the Rohirrim, and does take Merry with her. However, at no point does she use the guise of Dernhelm. Her face is never completely concealed, thus the audience is always aware of who she is. While some have argued this takes away the surprise later, when Dernhelm reveals herself to be a woman when told that no man can kill the Witch-King, it has been counter-argued that having the audience know who she is maintains their emotional investment in her character.

Other alterations to the story include:

*In the film, shards of [[Narsil]] are re-forged by [[Elrond]] at [[Arwen]]'s urging, and Elrond travels to [[Rohan]] where he presents the reforged sword to Aragorn and orders him to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. In the book, Narsil was reforged when Aragorn first brought the hobbits to Rivendell (following a prophecy that the reforging could only take place after "Isildur's Bane", the Ring, was found).

*The company of [[Rangers of the North]], who along with the two sons of Elrond join Aragorn after Saruman is defeated, do not appear at all in the film, in which Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli take the [[Paths of the Dead]] alone. One of them also presents Aragorn with a banner woven by Arwen. Elrond's appearance; in which he presents Aragorn with Anduril; and the previous film's Elvish army at the Hornburg; partially substitute.

*In the book, the rangers, Legolas, Gimli, and Aragorn ride through the mountain path to summon the dead, then ride through the Morthond valley to the [[stone of Erech]], where the dead agree to serve. Aragorn then leads the dead and members of his group to Pelargir to attack the corsairs. After the Dead defeat the corsairs, they disappear, and the ships carry Aragorn, the rangers, Legolas, Gimli, and some forces from southern Gondor to the battle of Pelennor fields. In the movie, Aragorn gets the dead to serve in an underground cave, exits the underground path at Pelagir to see the corsairs. The dead then sail on the ships to Pelennor fields. No rangers or southern Gondorians are in the movie. The book version makes more sense when considering the maps, as Pelargir is a long way from Edoras or Minas Tirith, and Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli run for a short time considering the distance.

*In the book, the beacons of Gondor are lit before Gandalf and Pippin arrive, as a part of Denethor's careful mustering of Minas Tirith's defences. In the film, Denethor refuses to light the beacon of Minas Tirith, or indeed to organize any defence of the city, so Gandalf persuades Pippin to sneak past the guards and light it, causing the rest of the beacons to be lit in response.

*In the book, Gondor's formal request for aid is sent to Rohan by a courier carrying the [[Red Arrow]] (although Rohan was already mustering to Gondor's defence, in part at Gandalf's urging). In the film, there is no courier, and the Riders are spurred to help Gondor by the beacons (above).

*In the film, [[Gollum]] tricks [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] into mistrusting [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and sending him away, so that Frodo enters [[Shelob]]'s Lair alone. In the book, Frodo and Sam have no break in their trust, except for a brief instant upon Frodo's rescue from the orc tower where he demands that Sam return the Ring.

* In the film, the burning Denethor runs along the "prow" of Minas Tirith and falls like a meteor. In the book, Denethor lights his pyre and lies down upon it to burn, clasping the ''palantír''. (In fact the "prow" of Minas Tirith, located on the Seventh Level, is on the opposite side of the city from the burial chambers where the pyre is, located on the fifth level. While on fire, Denethor would have had to run across the ''entire'' city to fall like that. In his commentary on the extended DVD Peter Jackson admits that he was aware of the distance issue but included the scene for dramatic effect.)

*Unlike the book, Merry is not taken to the Houses of Healing to recuperate from his encounter with the Witch-king (with the aid of Aragorn's knowledge of the healing herb [[athelas]], which he also uses to heal Faramir and Éowyn), but instead rides out to the Last Battle alongside Aragorn and Gandalf.

*In the book, there is a very rare sequence of lighthearted comedy in the Houses of Healing, where a Gondor doctor repeatedly recites herbal lores to a very frustrated Aragorn, who wants the herb but has no interest in hearing the bumbling healer's endless rhymes about them. This is omitted in the film.

*In the book, Gollum slips accidentally into the [[Crack of Doom]] while dancing in triumph after biting the Ring off Frodo's right hand third finger. In the film, Gollum bites the ring off Frodo's index finger, and Frodo jumps on him one last time, causing them both to fall; it is subsequently revealed that Frodo was able to catch himself on the rock below the precipice, from which Sam pulls him back (after a brief hesitation by an apparently suicidal Frodo).

*In the film, it is not revealed that Frodo is to sail to the west with Bilbo, Gandalf, Elrond, Galadriel, and Celeborn until after most of them have boarded the ship. In the book, Frodo and Sam join with Bilbo and the elves in the woods while travelling to the harbour. In the books Celeborn also takes a later ship.

Following the destruction of the [[One Ring]], most of the second book of ''The Return of the King'' involves tying up loose ends (although Tolkien considered the "[[Scouring of the Shire]]" to be one of the most important chapters of the trilogy, it is completely omitted from the film). These dénouements are only briefly summarized in the films, where we get a hint of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s periodic bouts of illness following his return to the Shire, we see [[Sam Gamgee|Sam]] getting married to Rosie, and we follow [[Gandalf]]'s and the [[Ring-bearer]]s' departure from the [[Grey Havens]]. The film's closing scene shows Sam returning from saying farewell at the Grey Havens and coming back to the Shire and his home and family (returning at night in the book, during the day in the film).

The film remains faithful to the book in quoting the last lines spoken by Gandalf ("I will not say: do not weep; for not all tears are an evil", although Gandalf has some minor dialogue following this in the movie) and by Sam ("Well, I'm back.").

==Score==

==Box office records==

After two years of attention and acclaim since the release of ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring,'' audience anticipation for the final installment of the trilogy had reached a fever pitch when the movie was finally released to theatres on December 17, 2003. New Line Cinema reported that the film's first day of release (a Wednesday) saw a box office total of $34.5 million—an all-time single-day record for a motion picture released on a Wednesday (until Spider-Man 2 came along and grossed $40.4 million). This was nearly twice the first-day total of ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (which earned $18.2 million on its first day of release in 2001), and a significant increase over ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' as well (which earned $26.1 million on its first day in December of 2002).

The substantial increase in initial box office totals caused optimistic studio executives to forecast that ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' would surpass ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' in total earnings. If this proved to be true, then this would be the first blockbuster movie trilogy for each successive film to earn ''more'' at the box office than its predecessor, when all three films were blockbuster successes. (The general opinion in movie circles in 2003 was that a movie had to earn more than $150 million to be considered a "blockbuster").

These forecasts proved accurate. According to [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/ Box Office Mojo], between the time of the film's release, its winning the Academy Award for Best Picture on Sunday, February 29, 2004, and Thursday, March 11, 2004, ''Return of the King'' had earned approximately $1,052,547,293 in worldwide box office revenue—$368,875,000 in North America, and $683,649,123 in sixty countries worldwide. The final North American box office stands at $377,027,325, and the worldwide take is $1,118,888,979 (about $741 million overseas). The worldwide revenue is slightly enhanced compared to the earlier movies when converted to US Dollars because of the decline in the dollar's exchange rate in 2003. It was the second film in history to earn over $1 billion in box office revenue in its initial release (the first being ''Titanic'' in 1997). This compares favourably to the first two films of the trilogy: in their first 35 weeks of theatrical release in North America, the gross income of the first two movies was $313,364,114 and $339,789,881.

These figures do not include income from DVD sales, TV rights, etc. It has been estimated that the gross income from non-box office sales and merchandise has been ''at least'' equal to the box office for all three films; if this is so, the total gross income for the trilogy would be in the region of $6 billion, a very respectable return for a $300 million investment.

{{films}}

[[Category:Films]]

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers

2007-07-07T06:56:20Z

Elemmakil: correcting links

'''''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers''''' is a film released on Wednesday, December 18, 2002, directed by [[Peter Jackson]] with a runtime of 179 minutes (2 hours, 59 minutes). It is the second part in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings|The Lord of the Rings trilogy]] of films, following ''[[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. It is an adaptation of the book ''[[The Two Towers]]'', the second part of the three-volume novel ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], although some of the later events are held over to the third movie, ''[[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]]''. It was very well received critically and was an enormous box-office success, making over $900 million worldwide (making it the fourth most successful film of all time at that point in time).

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Role !! Actor
|-
| [[Frodo Baggins]] || [[Elijah Wood]]
|-
| [[Gandalf|Gandalf the White]] || [[Ian McKellen]]
|-
| [[Arwen Evenstar]] || [[Liv Tyler]]
|-
| [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]] (Strider) || [[Viggo Mortensen]]
|-
| [[Samwise Gamgee]] || [[Sean Astin]]
|-
| [[Galadriel]] || [[Cate Blanchett]]
|-
| [[Gimli]] || [[John Rhys-Davies]]
|-
| [[Théoden]] || [[Bernard Hill]]
|-
| [[Saruman|Saruman the White]] || [[Christopher Lee]]
|-
| [[Peregrin Took]] (Pippin) || [[Billy Boyd]]
|-
| [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] (Merry) || [[Dominic Monaghan]]
|-
| [[Legolas Greenleaf|Legolas]] || [[Orlando Bloom]]
|-
| [[Elrond]] || [[Hugo Weaving]]
|-
| [[Éowyn]] || [[Miranda Otto]]
|-
| [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] || [[David Wenham]]
|-
| [[Éomer]] || [[Karl Urban]]
|-
| [[Gollum]] || [[Andy Serkis]] (voice and captured motion)
|-
| [[Gríma Wormtongue]] || [[Brad Dourif]]
|-
| [[Haldir of Lórien]] || [[Craig Parker]]
|-
| [[Treebeard]] || [[John Rhys-Davies]] (voice)
|-
| [[Boromir son of Denethor II|Boromir]] (Extended version only) || [[Sean Bean]]
|-
| [[Denethor II|Denethor]] (Extended version only) || [[John Noble]]
|}

In addition to many characters returning from the first film, ''The Two Towers'' featured [[Éowyn]], a noble lady of Rohan who yearns to be a warrior; [[Éomer]], a stalwart Marshal of Rohan and brother to Éowyn; [[Théoden]], a troubled king, uncle of Éowyn and Éomer; and his treacherous counsellor, [[Gríma Wormtongue]]. The human actors were supplemented by a number of special effects creatures including treelike [[Ents]], the pterodactyl-like flying steeds of the [[Nazgûl]], and, especially, [[Gollum]], widely acclaimed as the first fully realized CGI character in a live-action film. His movements and facial expressions were modelled on the actor who provided his voice, Andy Serkis. Only glimpsed in the first film, Gollum here becomes a pivotal character with the potential to change the fate of the story's world; he wrestles with inner demons and becomes a source of friction in Sam and Frodo's previously unshakeable friendship.

==Synopsis==

The surviving members of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] have split into three groups. Frodo and Sam face many perils on their continuing quest to save [[Middle-earth]] by destroying the [[One Ring]] in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. Merry and Pippin escape from the [[Orcs]] and must convince the [[Ents]] to join the battle against evil. Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas encounter a mysteriously transformed Gandalf and battle [[Saruman]]'s army at [[Helm's Deep]].

==Filming locations==
<table class="wikitable">
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<th>Fictional Location</th><th>Specific Location in New Zealand</th><th>General Area in New Zealand</th>
</tr><tr>
<td>Plains of [[Rohan]]</td><td>Greenstone Station</td><td>Kinloch</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>[[Rohan]]</td><td>Poolburn Lake</td><td>Maniototo Plain</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>[[Edoras]]</td><td>Mount Sunday</td><td>Rangitata Valley</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>[[Dead Marshes]]</td><td>Kepler Mire</td><td>Te Anau</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>The [[Black Gate]]</td><td>Rangipo Desert</td><td>Lake Taupo</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>[[Helm's Deep]]</td><td>Hayward's Hill</td><td>Lower Hutt</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Deviations from the source material==

Jackson's ''The Two Towers'' differs from Tolkien's in several important ways. Arwen does not appear in the second book at all. Interviews with Jackson and the other writers on the extended DVD version of the movie make it clear that they are fully aware of the implications of these changes in terms of the original story, and have chosen to make them not out of ignorance but in order to make the story work better in terms of motion picture storytelling.

Notably the meaning of the title itself, 'The Two Towers', has been changed. Tolkien considered many possible combinations, but eventually settled on [[Orthanc]] and [[Minas Morgul]] being the 'two towers'. However, in Jackson's movie Saruman instead names them as Orthanc and [[Barad-dûr]], which is also reflected in the movie poster.

====Structure====

Tolkien divided ''The Two Towers'' into two distinct parts. The first told the stories of Merry, Pippin, Aragorn, Gimli, Legolas and Gandalf. The second concerned Frodo, Sam and Gollum. Jackson chose to intercut between the two to present the events in chronological order.

Jackson's structure changes the tale from a pure quest to a war story. Each of the film's three main threads make the point that the war has started and that our heroes are in the thick of it.

====Events====

Jackson and his co-writers added several events to the story, notably:
* In the movie, Faramir speaks of taking the Ring from Frodo, for the defence of Gondor; in the book, he denies having any such desire: ''not even if I found it by the side of a road'', he repeats. According to Jackson, this does not work dramatically, as Faramir has no "character arc" (i.e. he does not change as a character from his first scene to his last). Jackson justifies this change as a means of making Faramir seem more of a rounded character.
* In the movie, Faramir takes Frodo, Sam and Gollum to the besieged city of [[Osgiliath]], but subsequently lets them go. In the theatrical version it is not clear how Frodo and his companions get back from Osgiliath to [[Ithilien]], but this is explained in the extended cut - they escape through the ruined city's sewers and so make their way out behind the enemy lines. (It is not explained why the Gondorians have made no military use of this apparent asset.)
* An attack on the Rohirrim travelling to Helm's Deep by Orcs mounted on [[Wargs]] results in Aragorn's near death; he is revived by a vision of Arwen in a dream sequence. Nothing like this is present in the book.
* Galadriel persuades Elrond (via long-distance telepathy) to send Elven archers to Helm's Deep. Interestingly, they appear nonetheless to be Elves of [[Lórien]], one of whom ([[Haldir]]) we met previously in the Golden Wood. Jackson originally planned to have Arwen herself fighting at Helm's Deep and filmed some scenes along those lines, but abandoned that tack. It is still possible to pick her out in the battle, as some footage was used in the Extended Edition. This addition might have been inspired by a single line spoken in passing by Legolas, when he was waiting for the coming forces of Saruman at the walls of Helm's Deep: he wished that he could have had a hundred Elven archers with him to strengthen the defence.
* Arwen has a vision of her future which is taken somewhat loosely from ''The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen'' in the books' Appendices.
* Elrond almost forcibly sends Arwen "to the West". Her final decision on the matter, and her reason for making it, is revealed in ''The Return of the King''.

Two important events from Tolkien's ''The Two Towers'' did not make it into the film, but were held over for the next one:
* Gandalf and Saruman's confrontation at [[Isengard]]; this was originally intended to appear at the beginning of ''The Return of the King'', but a late decision by Peter Jackson meant that this scene was not part of the theatrical version, though it has since been included in the extended cut.
* Sam and Frodo's encounter with the monstrous [[Shelob]]. (This is foreshadowed by [[Gollum]]'s line: "We could let ''her'' do it!") Shelob's Lair did indeed feature prominently in the third film.

====Characters====

Four of the characters in the film are presented somewhat differently than their counterparts in the book:
* Faramir requires much more convincing to let Sam and Frodo continue on their quest; in the book he immediately recognizes the wisdom of permitting them to leave freely. He is shown as being a much more flawed character than in the book, but nonetheless one who is still capable of wisdom.
* Treebeard, chief among the Ents, is unaware of what is happening on the borders of his forest and has to be "tricked" into attacking Isengard. In the theatrical release he is not seen sending [[Huorns]] to Helm's Deep, but does so in the extended video version - see below.
* Continuing a trend from the first movie, [[Elrond]] (who doesn't appear in the book) is much more protective of Arwen and is almost antagonistic toward [[Aragorn]], thus the [[Thingol]] portrayal and the stereotypical "father-daughter theme" are both apparent.
* King [[Théoden]]'s reaction upon learning of [[Gríma Wormtongue|Gríma]]'s treachery differs greatly from the novel: In the book, he offers Wormtongue a chance to redeem himself by riding to war with the Rohirrim, whereas in the film, a dazed Théoden tries to personally execute the traitor.

Théoden's attitude towards the coming conflict is also presented differently in Jackson's film: In the novel, Théoden chooses to ride to war, and only goes to Helm's Deep in order to assist [[Erkenbrand]]'s forces, which had been dealt a defeat by Saruman's armies. In the film, he opts to avoid open confrontation, and treats Helm's Deep as a shelter for the civilian population of Rohan. Only the ensuing orc siege forces him into battle.

The King's sense of self-doubt is greatly magnified in the film, in order to provide him with a character arc, as was done with Faramir.

==Score==

==Awards and critical opinion==
* Academy Awards
** Winner: Visual Effects, Sound Editing.
** Nominee: Best Picture, Best Art Direction - Set Decoration, Best Editing, and Best Sound.
* American Film Institute: Digital Effects, Production Design, Movie of the Year
* Apex Awards: Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Viggo Mortensen), Best Production Design, Best Original Song Score, Best Visual Effects, Best Make-up
* 2003 Art Directors Guild: Best Production Design (Period or Fantasy feature Film)
* Australian Film Awards: Best Foreign Film
* British Academy Film Awards: Best Costume Design, Best Special Visual Effects, Orange Film of the Year (voted on by the public)
* Broadcast Film Critics Association: Best Digital Acting Performance (Gollum)
* Central Ohio Film Critics: Best Cinematography
* Cinemarati Awards: Best Film, Best Ensemble Cast, Best Director (Peter Jackson), Best Film Editing
* Dallas Fort Worth Film Critics: Best Director (Peter Jackson)
* Empire Awards: Best Picture
* Golden Satellite Awards: Outstanding Motion Picture Ensemble, Best Visual Effects
* Golden Trailer Awards: Best Action Trailer
* Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hairstylist Guild Awards: Best Character Makeup, Best Character Hair Styling, Best Special Makeup Effects
* Hugo Award (World Science Fiction Society): Best Dramatic Presentation - Long Form
* International 3-D Awards (computer graphics industry): Best Feature Film VFX (Weta)
* Kansas City Film Critics: Best Director
* Las Vegas Film Critics: Best Director (Peter Jackson), Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, Best Visual Effects
* Phoenix Film Critics Awards [http://www.moviecitynews.com/awards/phoenix_fca.htm]: "Best Picture", "Best Ensemble Acting", "Best Screenplay Adapted from Another Medium", "Best Cinematography", "Best Production Design", "Best Visual Effects", and "Best Makeup" "Gollum's Song", the theme played during the end credits, won the award for "Best Original Song". The song was written by [[Howard Shore]] and sung by the Icelandic singer [[Emiliana Torrini]].
* Rotten Tomatoes Awards: Best Film
* Saturn Awards: Best Fantasy Film, Best Costume (Ngila Dickson), Best Supporting Actor (Andy Serkis)
* Visual Effects Society Awards: Best Special Effects, Best Effects in Art Direction, Best Visual Effects in Photography, Best Models and Miniatures, Best Performance by an Actor in an Effects Film, Best Character Animation in a Live-Action Feature Film, Best Compositing and Visual Effects in an Effects-Driven Film
* Followers of the Oscars predicted that the movie had a poor chance of winning Best Picture, because it received no other nominations in the major Oscar categories (Director, Actor and Actress, Supporting Actor and Actress and Screenplay). This proved to be true, though the film did win the Academy Award for Visual Effects. It was speculated that the Academy was biding its time for the concluding film, ''[[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]'', to be released so that they could honour Peter Jackson for creating such a successful and acclaimed film trilogy. The third film was awarded 11 Oscars in 2004.

==Video release==

The theatrical edition of the movie was released on VHS and DVD on Tuesday, August 26, 2003. The DVD was a 2-disc set with extras on the second disc. This was intended to be a simultaneous worldwide release, but some British stores began selling the videos on Friday 22 because it was a Bank Holiday weekend, much to the ire of the film's UK distributor, which has threatened to withhold advance supplies of subsequent video releases.

An extended version of the movie including 44 minutes of additional material was released on video on Tuesday, November 18, 2003, with a total of 223 minutes (3 hours, 43 minutes). One of the additional scenes features Sean Bean and John Noble, who do not appear in the theatrical version, in a flashback in which brothers [[Boromir]] and [[Faramir]] are seen together with their father [[Denethor]]. This is available on VHS and on a 4-disc DVD set, with the movie on discs 1 and 2 including four audio commentaries by the crew and actors, and extensive bonus material on discs 3 and 4. There is also a "Special Edition" DVD package containing the 4-disc set, a sculpture of [[Gollum]], a booklet about the process of designing Gollum for the movie and a short DVD documentary on the process of designing collectible sculptures based on the movies' characters and artefacts.

In December, 2003 there were also limited back-to-back theatrical releases of the extended versions of ''The Fellowship of the Ring'' and ''The Two Towers'' followed by premieres of ''The Return of the King'', in all nine hours and seventeen minutes long.

==References in other media==
In the Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends episode ''Duchess of Wails'', the end of the episode is a homage to the attack on [[Helm's Deep]] from the movie. Certain lines are used in the scene's dialogue as well as memorable visual moments, like the initial volley of arrows (tomatoes in the episode) are also used.

{{films}}

[[Category:Films]]

Witch-king

2007-07-07T06:55:08Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

{{cleanup}}
{{royalty infobox
| image=[[Image:Melissa Hitchcock - The Black Captain.jpg|300px]]
| name=The Witch-king
| othernames=(true name unknown) the Black Captain, Chief of the Nine
| birth=Unknown, possibly sometime in [[Númenor]]
| rule=[[TA 1300]]-[[TA 1975]]
| death=[[TA 3019]]
| age= Unknown; over 3000 years
| realms=[[Angmar]]
| gender=Male (presumably; is referred to as "he")
| race=[[Men]] (unknown beyond that)
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
|}}
The '''Witch-king of Angmar''' was the chief of the [[Ringwraiths]] of [[Middle-earth]].

The Witch-king was originally a human king. In the [[Second Age]], he was given one of nine [[Rings of Power]] to help rule over his realm. He and eight others were already in the service of [[Sauron]], the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]]. The Rings gave them incredible power, which they used to further their own ambitions, but eventually the Rings completely corrupted them and turned them into the ghostly, undead [[Nazgûl]].

==The Second and Third Ages==
The first sighting of the Nazgûl in [[Middle-earth]] was reported in 2251 of the Second Age. For the next 1200 years, the '''Lord of the Nazgûl''' would serve Sauron as his second in command. He fought in the war against the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] between 3434 and 3441 of the Second Age. It was in 3441 that Sauron was defeated by [[Isildur]] and the nine Nazgûl disappeared from Middle-Earth.

One thousand years into the [[Third Age]], Sauron took a new form as the [[Sauron|Necromancer]], and founded the fortress of [[Dol Guldur]] in southern [[Mirkwood]] in 1050 of the Third Age. This signaled the return of the Nine Nazgûl to Middle-earth.

The Lord of the Nazgûl reappeared in 1300 of the Third Age in the north near the lost realm of [[Arnor]]. There he founded the kingdom of [[Angmar]]. It is after the formation of Angmar and several conflicts with the [[Dúnedain]] of the North that the Lord of the Nazgul received the title of Witch-king, Lord of Angmar.

He then began his open war campaign with the three divided kingdoms of Arnor ([[Arthedain]], [[Rhudaur]] , and [[Cardolan]]). In 1409 of the Third Age, the Witch-king invaded the kingdom of Rhudaur and Cardolan and eventually destroyed both kingdoms. Soon, the only resistance against the Witch-king's forces was the western kingdom of Arthedain. The Witch-king continued his war for hundreds of years. In 1636, the Witch-king sent [[Barrow-wights|wights]] to the [[Barrow-downs]] in Cardolan in order to prevent the rebirth of the kingdom. The Witch-king claimed ultimate victory in the north in 1974 of the Third Age, when his forces captured [[Fornost Erain]], the capital of Arthedain. With its capture, the final kingdom collapsed, and with it, the last remnants of the lost realm of Arnor were destroyed.

The Witch-king gladly took his seat of power in the newly captured [[Fornost]]. But his glory did not last long, for in 1975, general [[Eärnur]] of [[Gondor]] landed at the harbors of [[Mithlond]], leading an army of Gondorians. His army was joined by the Elves of [[Lindon]] and the remnant of the northern [[Dúnedain]] and marched on the Witch-king.

They did not meet the Witch-king at Fornost, but on the plains east of it toward [[Lake Evendim]], home of the ancient kings of Arnor, [[Annúminas]]. The battle would forever be known as the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Earnur's army was later joined in the mists of battle by [[Glorfindel]] and his Elven army from [[Rivendell]]. The combined forces of Elves and Men brought utter defeat to the Witch-king and his forces. After the battle, the Witch-king fled south to Mordor and his kingdom of Angmar without an able leader, was destroyed. It was when the Witch-king fled and Earnur attempted to follow that Glorfindel stopped him and made his famous prophecy,
:''"Do not pursue him! He will not return to these lands. Far off yet is his doom, and not by the hand of Man shall he fall."''
The Witch-king finally returned to Mordor in the year 1980 of the Third Age.

When the Witch-king returned, his wrath of defeat still burned within. In 2000, the Witch-king lead the Nazgûl on a siege of [[Minas Ithil]]. They finally captured it in 2002, in the name of Sauron and renamed it Minas Morgul, the Tower of Black Sorcery. It was at Minas Morgul that the Witch-king made his stronghold, giving him the title of Lord of Morgul.

No more than twelve years after the siege of Minas Ithil, [[Osgiliath]] was next in the Witch-king's line of sight. He led hordes of [[Orcs]] and [[Haradrim]] against the city. The city had already been devastated centuries before by a plague, and the Witch-king's forces ruined what remained of the city and destroyed the great bridge linking the east and west banks of the [[Anduin]] river. This was a devastating blow to the morale of Gondor.

In 2043, King [[Eärnil II]] of Gondor passed away and his son, the Witch-king's old enemy, Eärnur inherited the throne. Upon his coronation, the Witch-king challenged him to combat, but Eärnur refused. However, seven years later in 2050, the Witch-king again challenged him, this time he accepted. Eärnur rode out of [[Minas Tirith]] to meet the Witch-king in Minas Morgul. He entered the city's gates and was never seen again, thus ending the reign of the Gondorian Kings and causing the beginning of the ruling [[Stewards of Gondor]].

In 2941, the Necromancer was finally expelled from Dol Guldur when [[Gandalf]] confirmed that he truly was Sauron in disguise. Sauron returned to Mordor. He began the reconstruction of his dark tower, [[Barad-dûr]], in 2951 and sent three Ringwraiths to re-capture Dol Guldur. And in 3018, with the capture of [[Gollum]], Sauron learned the location of the Ring from Gollum. Sauron sent forth the Witch-king and the other Nazgul disguised as [[Black Riders]] to fetch his Ring.

The [[War of the Ring]] had begun.

==The War of the Ring and Downfall==
The Witch-king and the other eight Nazgûl rode swiftly from Mordor to the lands of the Shire. They continued to search for "Baggins" until they tracked him to [[Buckland]]. The Nine Riders raided Buckland but could not find the Ring.

The Witch-king led four other Nazgûl to [[Weathertop]] where they discovered [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Aragorn|Strider]], and the other [[hobbit]]s. The Ringwraiths attacked the party and the Witch-king wounded Frodo with a [[Morgul blade]]. Though successfully driven off by [[Aragorn|Strider]], Frodo's wound threatened to turn him into a wraith like the Nazgûl. [[Elrond]] of [[Rivendell]] sent [[Glorfindel]] ([[Arwen]] in the film) to guide Frodo to Rivendell where Elrond could heal his wound. Glorfindel's race to Rivendell lured the Ringwraiths into the [[Bruinen]]. Here, Elrond and Gandalf the Grey released a great flood in the form of horses made out of water. This flood killed the horses of the Ringwraiths and sent them back to their master in Mordor, buying the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]] time to plan an attack.

With their return to Mordor, Sauron bestowed the Nazgûl with [[Fell beasts]], great winged beasts as their new mounts. Sauron used the lesser eight Nazgûl for reconnaissance work and the occasional shock troop. The Witch-king, however, returned to Minas Morgul and reassumed the role of commander of Sauron's forces. He then began battles to capture Osgiliath.

The final [[Battle of Osgiliath|battle for Osgiliath]] was fought on March 13, 3019 of the Third Age against [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]]'s rangers. Faramir's forces could not hold the Orc hordes under the control of [[Gothmog, Lieutenant of Morgul|Gothmog]]. Faramir pulled his forces back to [[Minas Tirith]] assailed by flying Nazgûl, losing nearly all of his forces in the retreat. Faramir was returned to Minas Tirith gravely wounded. With Gondor's defeat at Osgiliath, nothing stood in the way of Sauron's ambitions of destroying Minas Tirith and the Free People's hopes.

On March 14, Orcs, Haradrim, and Easterling forces numbering over 200,000 marched on the gates of Minas Tirith. Sauron had bestowed the Witch-king with newfound strength, making his might the greatest it ever had been. Equipped with new armor, he rode in, leading the army to the gates. Before dawn on the 15th, the great battering-ram [[Grond]] was used to break the city's main gate, and the Witch-king rode into the city unchallenged, save by Gandalf. Before Gandalf's strength was put to the test, however, the cock crowed and the horns of [[Rohan]] were heard as around 6,000 of their riders joined the battle. This forced the Witch-king to ride out to face this new threat.

The Witch-king mounted his fell beast and began slaughtering the Rohirrim. [[Théoden]] attempted to rally his troops to form a resistance against him. The Witch-king responded by personally intervening in the fray involving the Rohirric King. Flying on the back of his fell beast, he drove upon Théoden. The advancing Rohirrim's horses panicked as his beast attacked. Théoden's horse, [[Snowmane]], became frightened and was struck by an arrow and fell upon its master.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Éowyn and the Nazgûl.jpg|thumb|left|300px|''Éowyn and the Witch-King'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]As the Witch-king hovered over Théoden, [[Éowyn]] and the hobbit [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] stood in his way. Éowyn challenged the Witch-king with the words:
:''"Begone, foul [[Dwimmerlaik|dwimmerlaik]], lord of carrion! Leave the dead in peace!"''
:''"Come not between the Nazgul and his prey! Or he will not slay thee in thy turn. He will bear thee away to the houses of lamentation, beyond all darkness, where thy flesh shall be devoured, and thy shrivelled mind be left naked to the Lidless Eye."''
:''"Do what you will, but I will hinder it, if I may."''
:''"Hinder me? Thou fool. No living man may hinder me!"''
:''"But no living man am I! You look upon a woman. Éowyn I am, Eomund's daughter. You stand between me and my lord and kin. Begone, if you be not deathless! For living or dark undead, I will smite you, if you touch him."''
Éowyn slew his fell beast in a single strike. The Witch-king arose filled with malice and attacked. Though a powerful warrior, Éowyn was no match for the Witch-king's might. With a single strike of his mace, he shattered her shield and broke her left arm.

As he towered over her, preparing to deliver the final blow, Merry rushed behind him and plunged his [[Dagger of Westernesse|enchanted dagger]] into the back of Witch-king's knee. Éowyn took the opportunity to strike. As he fell to his knees, Éowyn rose. She then thrust her sword into the face of the Witch-king, causing him to wither and pass away from this world.

The prophecy of [[Glorfindel]] so many centuries before had finally come to pass. For not by the hands of a "man" had he fallen, but by those of a woman and a hobbit. With his death, the turn of the battle had changed and ultimately the outcome. No more than ten days later, Sauron himself was finally destroyed when the [[One Ring]] was finally cast back into the fires of [[Mount Doom]].

==Early Life==

The Witch-king's true name is never given, and therefore among [[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]], the Witch-king is often simply called ''Angmar'', after the name of the realm he founded and led. Many fans also identify him as one of the three [[Black Númenóreans]] Tolkien stated had become Nazgûl, or possibly [[Isilmo]], a Númenórean prince and father of Tar-Minastir. In the now defunct [[Middle-earth Role Playing]] game, he was named ''Er-Murazor'', a Númenórean prince, though this is strictly [[Canon|non-canonical]] and does not appear outside of the role playing material. It is also a popular belief among some fans, particularly those who are more fans of the book because of its action and characters than its depth, that the Witch-king was not dead as Éowyn had not an enchanted sword, and cite the passage that says that his wail was not heard again ''In this age of the earth''. But those who are less fan and more [[Tolkienist]] say that though this is possibly so the more probable solution is that Merry's stroke destroyed the Witch-king's invulnerability. Also, because of the perishing of the [[One Ring]], the nine other rings which kept the Nazgûl would probably have lost their power.

==Roots in Norse mythology==
An undead witch-king named Þráinn appears in ''[[Hrómundar saga Gripssonar]]''. It is probable that this was Tolkien's source of inspiration.

== Movie Adaptation ==
[[Image:Witch-king from PJ's LotR - Armored.jpeg|thumb|right|150px|The Witch-king in [[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]]]]
In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], the Lord of the Nazgûl is only named the [[Witch-King of Angmar]] in the third installment, ''[[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]''. In that film, there is no mention of [[Glorfindel]]'s prophecy; there is only a claim among the enemy that "no man can kill" the Witch-King. Like the other Nazgûl, he is depicted as a humanoid figure shrouded in a hooded black robe; his only distinguishing feature is a mask-like spiked helmet with a huge mouth. His first mention is when [[Gandalf]] tells [[Pippin]] while in Minas Tirith that the Dark Lord has not yet revealed his greatest servant: the Witch-king, the one that "stabbed Frodo on Weathertop". This is a curious statement, as Weathertop was not named in the first movie, and confusion would probably have resulted had there not been a flashback.

During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], the Witch-King's army uses the ram Grond to break through the city gates early in the battle (after the failure of a lesser ram), and the Witch-King is not present to confront Gandalf as he is in the book. The confrontation takes place later, as Pippin and Gandalf race to the tombs to save [[Faramir]], and the Witch-King intercepts them. Unlike the book version, this meeting decisively favors the Witch-King, who breaks Gandalf's staff and throws the wizard to the ground before leaving to deal with the arrival of the [[Rohirrim]]. Gandalf's face shows obvious fear in this scene, in comparison to the resolution (for "victory or death") in the books.

The Witch-King's destruction on the battlefield occurs with less dialogue than in the book, and the weapons used to destroy him are both mundane: Merry's sword is not a [[Daggers of Westernesse|dagger]] from the [[Barrow-downs]], but rather the Rohirric sword that Théoden had as a child.

==See Also==

* [[:Category:Images of the Witch-king]]
* [[Ringwraiths]]

[[Category:Nazgûl]]

War of the Ring

2007-07-07T06:53:58Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

{{Wotr}}
{{War
| previous= [[War of the Last Alliance]]
| next=
| name=War of the Ring
| image=[[Image:Third Age.gif|250px]]
| begin= III 3018 (fighting in Gondor started long before that)
| end= III 3019
|place=Northwestern [[Middle-earth]]
|result=Free peoples' victory; destruction of the [[One Ring]], [[Sauron]] and [[Mordor]]; start of the [[Fourth Age]]; [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] reunited under restoration of the [[King of Gondor]]
| battles=[[Fords of Isen]], [[Battle of Isengard]], [[Battle of the Hornburg]], [[Battle of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], [[Battle of the Morannon]], [[Battle Under Trees]]
|side1='''Free peoples of Middle-earth:''' [[Gondor]], [[Rohan]], [[Dale]], [[Esgaroth]], [[Erebor]], [[The Shire]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Woodland Realm]]
|side2='''Under [[Sauron]]:''' [[Mordor]], [[Rhûn]], [[Harad]], [[Haven of Umbar]], and [[Khand]]. '''Under [[Saruman]]:''' [[Isengard]] and [[Dunland]].
|commanders1=[[Gandalf]]&dagger; (but resurrected), [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]], [[Théoden]]&dagger;, [[Denethor]]&dagger;, [[Dain II Ironfoot]]&dagger;, [[Brand]]&dagger;, [[Thranduil]], [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]].
|commanders2=[[Sauron]]&dagger;, The [[Witch-King of Angmar]]&dagger;, and [[Saruman]]&dagger;.
|}}

The '''War of the Ring''' was the great conflict at the end of the [[Third Age]], named for the [[One Ring]] and the importance this had in the final outcome. The war was fought between the Free (a loose alliance of [[Elves]] and [[Men]] led by the Wise) and [[Sauron]] the [[Dark Lord]], with [[Saruman]] as a third power based in [[Orthanc]].

Sauron at all times held the military advantage in the War, due to his overwhelming forces; not only [[Orcs]] and [[Trolls]], but [[Men of Harad]] and the [[East]]. His main immediate object was the overthrow of [[Gondor]], his near neighbour and the strongest of his enemies. He had such forces at his command, though, that he was able to fight the war on many fronts, also attacking [[Dale]], [[Erebor]] and the [[Wood-elves]] in the far north, and [[Lórien]] from his secondary stronghold at [[Dol Guldur]]. There can be no doubt that, had the Wise not achieved possession of the Ring, Sauron would ultimately have been victorious.

Saruman had claimed alliance with both the Wise and the Dark Lord, but was ultimately fighting for his own ends. In alliance with the [[Dunlendings]], and having Orcs at his own command, his objective was the defeat of [[Rohan]]. Until late in the War, he held the advantage, defeating Rohan twice at the [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]]. He had not considered the [[Ents]] of [[Fangorn Forest|Fangorn]] in his plans, however, and when they were roused to anger at his actions, they brought about his downfall.

The policy of the Wise was based around the [[Quest of Mount Doom]]; a company of nine under the leadership of [[Gandalf]] travelled from [[Rivendell]] with the [[One Ring]], with the hope of reaching [[Orodruin]] in [[Mordor]] and there destroying it. Because the Ring held much of Sauron's native power, they realised that in unmaking it, they would also defeat its creator. Against all hope, the Quest was achieved by [[Frodo Baggins]], and Sauron defeated.

The War did not end with the defeat of Sauron, for Saruman fled northward after the capture of Orthanc, and established himself in the Shire, bending the Hobbits to his will by threat of violence and the persuasive power of his voice. The return of Frodo Baggins and his companions led to a rebellion by the [[Shire-hobbits]], in which Saruman was killed by his servant, [[Gríma Wormtongue]].

Although Sauron and Saruman were both defeated, the Wise did not achieve total victory. With the destruction of the One Ring, the Three Rings that had maintained the realms of the Elves in Middle-earth lost their power, and the Elves began to leave Middle-earth for the [[Undying Lands]].

==Players==

===Sauron and his Allies===

*[[Mordor]]
**[[Sauron]]
**[[Mouth of Sauron]]
**[[Nazgûl]]
*[[Orthanc]]
**[[Saruman]]
**[[Gríma Wormtongue]]
*[[Harad]] ([[Southrons]])
**[[Black Serpent]]
*[[Rhûn]] ([[Easterlings]])
*[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]

===Gondor, its Allies, and Enemies of Sauron===

*[[Gondor]]
**[[Dol Amroth]]
***[[Imrahil]]
**[[Lebennin]]
**[[Lossarnach]]
***[[Forlong]] the Fat
**[[Ringló Vale]]
***[[Dervorin]]
**[[Morthond]]
***[[Duinhir]]
***[[Duilin of Blackroot Vale|Duilin]]
***[[Derufin]]
**[[Anfalas]]
***[[Golasgil]]
**[[Lamedon]]
**Shipmen of [[Ethir]]
**[[Pinnath Gelin]]
***[[Hirluin]] the Fair
**[[White Mountains]]
***[[Dead Men]]
**[[Minas Tirith]]
***[[Denethor II]]
***[[Boromir son of Denethor II|Boromir II]]
***[[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]]
***[[Beregond]]
*[[Rohan]]
**[[Théoden]]
**[[Éomer]]
**[[Erkenbrand]]
*[[Mirkwood]]
**[[Thranduil]]
**[[Legolas of Mirkwood]]
*[[Lothlorien]]
**[[Celeborn]]
**[[Galadriel]]
**[[Haldir]]
*The [[Shire]] and the surrounding lands
**[[Hobbiton]]
***[[Frodo Baggins]]
***[[Sam Gamgee]]
***[[Bilbo Baggins]]
**[[Tookland]]
***[[Peregrin Took]]
**[[Buckland]] & [[Bree]]
***[[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]
***[[Aragorn II]]
*[[Fangorn Forest]]
**[[Treebeard]]
*[[Istari]]
**[[Gandalf]]
*[[Erebor]]
**The [[Lonely Mountain]]
***[[Gimli]]
***[[Dain II Ironfoot]]
***[[Thorin III Stonehelm]]
**The kingdom of [[Dale]]
***[[Brand]]
***[[Bard II]]
* Possibly the [[Iron Hills]]

==Non-combatants==

*[[Elvendom]]
**[[Rivendell]]
***[[Elrond]]
***[[Glorfindel of Rivendell]]
**[[Grey Havens]]
***[[Círdan]]
***[[Galdor of the Havens]]
*[[Istari]]
**[[Radagast]]

[[Category:Wars]]

Men

2007-07-07T06:53:10Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

{{race
| image= [[Image:Beor.jpg|193px]]
| name= Men
| dominions= [[Númenor]], [[Gondor]], [[Arnor]], [[Rohan]], [[Dunland]], [[Harad]], [[Khand]], [[Forochel]]
| languages= [[Taliska]], [[Adûnaic]], [[Rohirric]], [[Westron]], etc.
| height=
| skincolor=
| haircolor= Black, brown, blond, white and grey (in later years)
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], [[Dominion of Men|inheritors of the rule]] of [[Middle-earth]]
| lifespan= c. 70 years (except [[Númenóreans]])
| members= [[Bëor]], [[Haleth]], [[Marach]], [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]], [[Uldor]], [[Elros]], [[Aragorn II]]
}}
<blockquote>''"West, North, and South the children of Men spread and wandered, and their joy was the joy of the morning before the dew is dry, when every leaf is green."
''—[[The Silmarillion]]'': "[[Of Men]]"</blockquote>
'''Men''' (when written with a capital letter, this word refers to the human race and does not denote gender) were one of the Kindreds of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Men were called the [[Secondborn]] by the [[Elves]], their [[Elder Children of Ilúvatar|Elder]] brethren, because they were the last of all the [[Mirröanwi|incarnate]] races to come into being. Though they were born after the other sentient races, Men were destined to inherit and [[Dominion of Men|rule]] [[Middle-earth]].

==Origins and Nature==

The race of Men is the second race of beings created by the Supreme God, [[Ilúvatar]]. Because they awoke at the start of the [[First Age]] of the Sun, while the [[Elves]] awoke three Ages before them, they are called the Secondborn ([[Quenya]]: ''Atani'', [[Sindarin]]: ''[[Edain]]'') by the Elves. Men awoke in a land located in the far east of Middle-earth called [[Hildórien]]. When the Sun rose for the first time in the far West, Men began to wander towards it, a journey which culminated in some of them reaching Beleriand centuries later.

There is much evidence that, soon after their awakening, Morgoth came to Men and incited them to worship him and turn away from Ilúvatar, and that they complied. This makes Men the only race to have fallen completely under the Shadow, which may account for their propensity to do wrong. Though all were seduced by the Enemy, some Men repented and escaped; they were said to be the ancestors of the Edain.

Men bear the so-called ''[[Gift of Men]]'', mortality. Elves are immortal, in the sense that even if their bodies are slain, their spirits remain bound to the world, going to the [[Halls of Mandos]] to wait until they are released or the world ends. Elves are tied to the world for as long as it lasts. When Men die, they are released from [[Arda]] and the bounds of the world and have rest from its troubles. However, the influence of Morgoth has caused Men to fear their fate, and view Death as a Doom instead of a Gift.

==Groups and Alignments==

Although all Men are related to one another, there are many different groups with different cultures. The most important group in the tales of the [[First Age]] were the Edain. Although the word Edain technically refers to all Men, the Elves used it to distinguish those Men who fought with them in the First Age against [[Morgoth]] in [[Beleriand]]. The Edain were divided into three Houses.

The First House of the Edain was the [[House of Bëor]], and entered Beleriand in 305 FA and were granted the fief of [[Ladros]] in [[Dorthonion]] by [[Finrod Felagund]]. The Second House of the Edain, the [[Haladin]], was led by Haldad and later by his daughter Haleth and settled in the Forest of Brethil. The Third House, which became the greatest, was led by [[Marach]] and later his descendant [[Hador]], and they settled in [[Dor-lómin]]. This house was known both as the House of Marach and the [[House of Hador]].

Other Men did not cross the [[Misty Mountains]] or fight against Morgoth. However, some, such as the Easterlings, fought openly on his side. In later Ages, the Haradrim and Easterlings would fight on Sauron's side against the descendants of the Edain. Here below follow the short descriptions of the most important groups of Men in the First, Second and Third Ages.

===[[Edain]] and [[Dúnedain]]===

As a reward for their services and assistance rendered to the Elves and the Valar in the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the First Age, the Edain received a new land of their own from the Valar, between Middle-earth and the [[Undying Lands]]. This was the land of [[Númenor]], an island in the form of a five-pointed star that was far away from the troubles of Middle-earth.

They were led to this island by [[Elros]] with the help of his father [[Eärendil]], who sailed the heavens as the bright star of the same name and guided the ships of the Edain to Númenor. Once they arrived, Elros became the first King of Númenor and took the name Tar-Minyatur. The Edain became known as the Númenóreans or Dúnedain (Sindarin for ''Men of the West''). The kingdom of Númenor grew steadily in power, and the Dúnedain became the noblest and highest of all Men on Arda. In their early days, the Dúnedain remained allied to the Elves of Middle-earth, and aided them in battle against Morgoth's lieutenant [[Sauron]].

As the Men of the West increased in power and happiness, they came to resent the Gift of Men, Death. They wished to become immortal like the Elves and enjoy their possessions for all time. Most of the Númenóreans, including the line of the Kings, began to turn away from the Valar, and spoke against the Ban of the Valar that forbade them to sail west beyond sight of Númenor or to enter [[Valinor]]. The Númenóreans also became increasingly hostile to all Elvish influences in their realm, and in 2899 of the [[Second Age]], Ar-Adûnakhôr became the first king of Númenor to take his royal name in [[Adûnaic]], the language of Men, instead of [[Quenya]], the tongue of the Elves of Valinor.

During the early part of their rebellion, the Númenóreans became divided into two factions: the first, the [[King's Men]], enjoyed the support of the King and included the majority of the people. They wished to gain immortality and break away from their ancestral allegiance to the Valar. The King's Men also wanted to end relations with the Elves, and thus they favoured Adûnaic as the official language and eventually punished those who spoke the Elven tongues. The persecuted minority faction, the [[Faithful]], were led by the [[Lord of Andúnië|Lords of Andúnië]], the westernmost province of Númenor, and remained loyal to the Valar. They also tried to maintain friendship with the Elves.

When Sauron was apparently defeated and taken to the Isle by the Númenórean army near the end of the Second Age, he took advantage of the pride of the Númenóreans. By teaching the Dúnedain many things and flattering the King, [[Ar-Pharazôn]], he worked his way into the King's counsels and won the hearts of the people. Ultimately, Sauron advised Ar-Pharazôn to attack Valinor and claim immortality. This he foolishly did, and as a punishment Númenor, the island of the Men of the West, sank into the Sea and only the Faithful escaped. When the Faithful returned to Middle-earth, they founded the twin kingdoms of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]].

===[[Black Númenóreans]] and [[Haradrim]]===

The Faithful weren't the only Númenóreans left on Middle-earth when Númenor sank. When Númenor grew in naval power, many Númenóreans founded colonies in Middle-earth. In the second millennium of the [[Second Age]] there was an exodus of Men from the overcrowded island. Many of the King's Men settled in Middle-earth because they wanted to conquer more lands, and the Faithful because they were persecuted by the Kings. The Faithful settled in [[Pelargir]], while the King's Men ruled the [[Haven of Umbar]] and other colonies in the South. From these colonies Sauron recruited men who would become some of the nine [[Ringwraiths]] in the second millennium of the Second Age. When Númenor was destroyed, the King's Men became known as the Black Númenóreans and remained hostile towards the Faithful of Gondor. Eventually, the Black Númenórean stronghold of Umbar was conquered by Gondor in 933 of the Third Age.

Further east of Umbar another group of Men lived, called the '''Haradrim''' or Southrons. They were dark skinned Men and waged war on great Oliphaunts or ''Mûmakil''. They too were hostile to Gondor, though they were subdued in 1050 of the Third Age by [[Hyarmendacil I]].

Both Umbar and the Harad were left unchecked by Gondor's waning power by the time of the War of the Ring, and presented grave threats from the south. Many Haradrim fought with Sauron's forces in Gondor in that War.

See also: [[Southrons]]

===[[Easterlings]]===

Most Men who fought in the armies of Morgoth and Sauron were Easterlings, who came from the region around the [[Sea of Rhûn]]. Some Easterlings offered their services to the Elvish kingdoms in Beleriand; among them were Bór and his sons, and Ulfang the Black and his sons. This proved to be disastrous for the Elves in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] when Ulfang and his clan switched sides and defected to Morgoth, though Bór and his sons died bravely fighting on the side of the [[Eldar]].

After Morgoth's defeat Sauron extended his influence over the Easterlings, and although Sauron was defeated by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] at the end of the Second Age, the Easterlings were the first enemies to attack Gondor again in 492 TA. They were soundly defeated by King [[Rómendacil I]], but they invaded again in 541 TA and took revenge by slaying King Rómendacil. Rómendacil's son [[Turambar]] took large portions of land from them.

In the next centuries Gondor held sway over the Easterlings. When Gondor's power began to decrease in the twelfth century of the Third Age, the Easterlings took the complete eastern bank of the [[Anduin]] except [[Ithilien]] and crushed Gondor's allies, the Northmen.

The Easterlings of the Third Age were divided in different tribes, such as the [[Wainriders]] and the [[Balchoth]]. The Wainriders were a confederation of Easterlings who were very active between 1856 and 1944 TA. They posed a serious threat to Gondor for many years, but were utterly defeated by [[Eärnil II]] in 1944.

When Gondor lost its royal dynasty in 2050 TA the Easterlings started to reorganize themselves, and a fierce group called the Balchoth became the most important tribe. In 2510 TA they invaded Gondor again and conquered much of [[Calenardhon]], until they were defeated by the [[Éothéod]] who rode to Gondor's aid.

In the War of the Ring, the Easterlings were among the fiercest warriors deployed at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] by Sauron.

===[[Northmen]]===

Not all the Men who remained east of the Blue Mountains and Misty Mountains during the First Age were tempted by Morgoth or Sauron, and they were joined after the War of Wrath by those of the Edain who did not wish to travel to Númenor. The Northmen who dwelt in [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] and other parts of [[Rhovanion]] were friendly to the Dúnedain, being for the most part their kin, and many of them became Gondorian subjects. The Men of [[Dale]] and [[Esgaroth]] were Northmen, as were the Woodsmen of Mirkwood, and the [[Éothéod]], who became the Rohirrim or Horse Lords.

===[[Dunlendings]] and [[Drúedain]]===

When Elendil founded the Kingdom of Arnor, its borders were quickly extended towards the river Greyflood (Sindarin:''Gwathló''), and Gondor likewise extended up through [[Enedwaith]]. In Enedwaith and [[Minhiriath]] (Sindarin for ''Land between the Rivers'') lived a group of Men related to those Men that became the House of Haleth, and they were known as the Dunlendings. They had lived in the great woods that covered most of Eriador, and when the Númenóreans started to chop these woods down to build their ships in the [[Second Age]], they earned the hostility of the Dunlendings. The Dunlendings later became bitter enemies of [[Rohan]], as they believed the Rohirrim had stolen their lands.

Because of their enmity with the Rohirrim, the Dunlendings served [[Saruman]] in the War of the Ring and fought against the Horse Lords in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]].

Another group of Men were the [[Woses]]. They were small and stooped, and were always few in number and shortlived compared to other races of Men. They lived among the House of Haleth in the First Age, and were held as Edain by the Elves, who called them ''Drúedain'' (from ''Drûg'', their own name for themselves, plus ''Edain'').

At the end of the Third Age a few Woses still lived in the Drúadan Forest. They held off [[Orcs]] with poisoned arrows and were vital in securing the aid of the Rohirrim in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] granted the Drúadan Forest to them "forever" in the [[Fourth Age]].

===[[Hobbit]]s===

Hobbits were strictly a race of Men rather than a separate species. The origin of Hobbits is obscure; they first appeared in the records of other Men in the middle of the [[Third Age]].

== Names ==
The Elves called the race of Men '''[[Atani]]''' in [[Quenya]], literally meaning "Second People" (the [[Elves]] being the First), but also '''Hildor''' (Aftercomers), '''Fírimar''' (Mortals), '''Engwar''' (The Sickly), and many other names. The name ''Atani'' is cognate with [[Sindarin]] '''Edain''', but this term was later applied only to those Men who aided the Elves in their war with [[Morgoth]] in the [[First Age]].

==Notable Men==
===First Age===
*[[Bëor]] - leader of the [[First House of the Edain|First House]] of the [[Edain]] and the first of Men to come to [[Beleriand]]
*[[Marach]] - leader of the [[Third House of the Edain]]
*[[Haleth]] - led her people, the [[House of Haleth|Second House of the Edain]], to the [[Forest of Brethil]]
*[[Hador Lórindol]] - patriarch of the [[House of Hador]]
*[[Beren Erchamion]] - took a [[Silmaril]] from [[Morgoth]]'s crown; married [[Lúthien Tinúviel]]
*[[Húrin Thalion]] - greatest warrior of Men; captured by Morgoth
*[[Túrin Turambar]] - cursed by Morgoth; slew [[Glaurung]] the [[Dragon]]
*[[Tuor]] - came to [[Gondolin]] and married [[Idril]]; father of [[Eärendil]]
===Second Age===
*[[Elros Tar-Minyatur]] - son of Eärendil and first [[King of Númenor]]
*[[Tar-Aldarion]] - sixth King of Númenor and founder of the [[Guild of Venturers]]
*[[Ar-Pharazôn]] - twenty-fifth King of Númenor; humbled [[Sauron]]; caused the [[Downfall of Númenor]] by attacking [[Valinor]]
*[[Elendil]] - escaped the Downfall of Númenor and founded the Kingdom of [[Arnor]]; helped defeat Sauron
*[[Isildur]] - son of Elendil and cofounder of [[Gondor]]; cut the [[One Ring]] from Sauron's hand
===Third Age===
*[[Atanatar]] Alcarin - ruled Gondor at the height of its power
*[[Mardil]] - first [[Steward of Gondor]]
*[[Eorl]] - founder of [[Rohan]]
*[[Denethor II]] - ruled Gondor at the time of the [[War of the Ring]]
*[[Boromir II]] and [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] - sons of Denethor II
*[[Théoden]] - ruled Rohan at the time of the War of the Ring
*[[Éomer]] - nephew and heir of Théoden; fought at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]
*[[Éowyn]] - sister of Éomer; battled the [[Witch-king]]
*[[Aragorn II]] - the [[Heir of Isildur]] and ruler of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]
[[category:Races]]
[[Category:Men]]

Prince of Ithilien

2007-07-07T06:51:55Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

A royal title granted to [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] the [[Stewards|Steward]] by [[Aragorn Elessar]] on his accession to the throne of [[Gondor]]. As its Prince, Faramir dwelt in the central regions of [[Ithilien]], and became the [[Lord of Emyn Arnen]].

[[Category:Stewards]]

Imrahil

2007-07-07T06:51:24Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

{{Pronounce|Imrahil.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Imrahil''' was the twenty-second Prince of [[Dol Amroth]]. He had two older sisters, [[Ivriniel]] and [[Finduilas of Dol Amroth|Finduilas]].

During the [[War of the Ring]], on March 9, 3019, Prince Imrahil led a company of [[Swan Knight]]s and 700 men at arms to [[Minas Tirith]] to help defend the City. Prince Imrahil led the sortie that rode to the aid of [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] and the rear-guard who were retreating from [[Osgiliath]] when the forces of [[Sauron]] overran the [[Pelennor Fields]] on March 13. [[Gandalf]] rode with them, and the Winged [[Nazgûl]] fled before him. The [[Knights of Dol Amroth]] rescued Faramir from the [[Southrons]]. Faramir was poisoned, and Imrahil carried his nephew back to the City on his horse. Gandalf then took command of the besieged city and Prince Imrahil assisted him, because Denethor in his madness retreated to the White Tower with his dying son, and forgot about the city.

While paying his respect to the procession bearing the body of King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]] at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] on March 15, Imrahil noticed that the [[Rohirrim]] also bore the body of [[Éowyn]]. He perceived that she was still alive and he sent a man to the City for help.

[[Éomer]] and his Riders were outnumbered, but Imrahil then rode into battle, and he came to their aid. Shortly after, [[Aragorn]] arrived in the black ships of the Corsairs, and the tide of the battle was turned. After the Pelennor fields had been cleared, Aragorn, Éomer and Imrahil rode to the Gate of Minas Tirith.

Imrahil recognized that Aragorn was the rightful King, but he agreed that it was wise for Aragorn to wait to enter the city, because Imrahil knew his brother-in-law [[Denethor]] was strong-willed and proud. When Imrahil learned that Denethor was dead and Faramir dying, he suggested that Aragorn be summoned, remembering that the Kings of old were great healers. Aragorn came at Gandalf's request to heal the wounded Faramir, Éowyn and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], but he declared that Prince Imrahil should rule the City until Faramir awoke, in effect granting Imrahil the position of Steward.

During the debate of the Captains of the West, Gandalf proposed that they march to the [[Black Gate]] to distract Sauron's attention from [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] the Ring-bearer. Imrahil said that he would follow his liege Aragorn, but since Minas Tirith was under his command the Prince advised that some should remain to defend the City. In the end it was decided that an army of 7,000 would ride forth. Imrahil laughed and said:
<blockquote>''"Surely this is the greatest jest in all the history of Gondor: that we should ride with seven thousands, scarce as many as the vanguard of its army in the days of its power, to assail the mountains and the impenetrable gate of the Black Land! So might a child threaten a mail-clad knight with a bow of string and green willow!"'' ([[The Return of the King]]: "The Last Debate")</blockquote>

The Host of the West left Minas Tirith on March 18. Bypassing [[Minas Morgul]] and marching north, the heralds announced the coming of King Elessar at Imrahil's advice. When Sauron's forces emerged from the Black Gate on March 25, Imrahil stood on the front line with his men. They fought the [[Battle of the Morannon]] (Black Gate) until the [[One Ring]] was destroyed.

Prince Imrahil was present at the celebrations of the field of Cormallen, and the coronation of Aragorn as King Elessar, and rode with the funeral procession of King Théoden to Rohan, remaining in [[Edoras]] after the King's burial on August 10. Imrahil and Éomer became great friends, and in [[Third Age|T.A.]] 3021 Éomer wed Imrahil's daughter [[Lothíriel]].

After the War of the Ring, Prince Imrahil and his nephew Prince Faramir were King Elessar's chief commanders. Imrahil was also part of the Great Council of Gondor, and remained an advisor of the King.

Following is one little-known quote at the Last Debate that Tolkien did not put in the final version of Lord of the Rings:

:“…Than what is the use of this Ring?” said Imrahil
:“Victory,” said Hurin. “At least we should have won the war, and not this foul lord of Mordor.”
:“So might many a brave knight of the Mark or the Realm speak,” said Imrahil. “But surely more wisdom is required of lords in council. Victory is in itself worthless. Unless Gondor stands for some good, then let it not stand at all; and if Mordor doth not stand for some evil that we will not brook in Mordor or out of it, then let it triumph.”

Prince Imrahil died in the year 34 of the [[Fourth Age]], and was succeed by his eldest son Elphir, who continued the line of Princes.

[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Princes of Dol Amroth]]
[[Category:Dúnedain]]

Haradrim

2007-07-07T06:47:11Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

[[Image:John Howe - Southrons.jpg|thumb|''Southrons'' by [[John Howe]].]]
The '''Haradrim''' or '''Southrons''' were the proud and warlike people of the [[Harad]], in the south of [[Middle-earth]]. The ancient enemies of [[Gondor]], they allied with [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] provides a description of one of their dead in [[the Lord of the Rings]]:
{{quote|...a man fell, crashing through the slender trees, nearly on top of them [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Sam]]. He came to rest in the fern a few feet away, face downward, green arrow-feathers sticking from his neck below a golden collar. His scarlet robes were tattered, his corslet of overlapping brazen plates was rent and hewn, his black plaits of hair braided with gold were drenched with blood. His brown hand still clutched the hilt of a broken sword...|''[[The Two Towers]]''}}

The lands of the Haradrim lay to the south of [[Gondor]] past the river [[Harnen]]. The Haradrim were said to be skilled archers and horsemen, and to have swarthy skin.

During the [[Second Age]] the Men of [[Númenor]] built a great city in the firth of [[Haven of Umbar|Umbar]], a vast natural harbour on the southern shores of the [[Bay of Belfalas]], eventually turning the city into a fortified citadel from whose gates the Men of Númenor could levy great tributes upon the tribes of Harad.

In order to maintain their rule over the lands of Harad, the lords of Umbar installed client kings, chieftains who had submitted to their will. Any chieftain who opposed their rule was quickly slain. In order to facilitate their rule, the lords of Umbar established the order of the [[Hásharii]].

At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the Southrons were in league with [[Sauron]] and fought alongside his [[Orc]] army. In the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], they deployed cavalry and gigantic, [[Elephants|elephant]]-like [[Mûmakil]]. King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]] killed their leader, who bore the standard of the [[Black Serpent]], during the battle.

Once Sauron was destroyed, the Southrons submitted to the rule of King [[Aragorn II|Elessar]].

= Movie Depiction =
[[Image:Haradrim.jpg|thumb|225px|''Haradrim'' from [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]]]
In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], the Haradrim appear briefly in [[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|The Two Towers]] when Frodo and [[Sam]] witness a raid on one of their columns by [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir's]] rangers. They are featured more prominently in [[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King|The Return of the King]], in which the battle between the [[Rohirrim]] and the [[Mûmakil]] is a major action sequence.

While the [[The Return of the King|book]] depicts the Southron army as primarily cavalry armed with scimitars, we see no horsemen in the movie: the Haradrim fight almost exclusively from platforms mounted on the backs of their monstrous [[oliphaunts]]. They have also adorned the animals' tusks with spikes and shafts that crush and impale numerous enemy horsemen.

The costumes of the Haradrim in the movie are Middle Eastern in style and dark brown or black in color, while the Haradrim wore red livery in the book.

[[Category:Haradrim]]
[[Category:Men]]

Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)

2007-07-07T06:46:17Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

''(See also [[Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs]])''
{{Pronounce|Gothmog.mp3|Ardamir}}

[[Image:Peter Jackson's Gothmog.jpg|thumb|right|Gothmog in [[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]]]]

'''Gothmog''' was a lieutenant of [[Minas Morgul]], second-in-command to the [[Witch-king of Angmar]], lord of the [[Nazgûl]], at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, at which he commanded the forces of Morgul after the Lord of the Nazgûl was slain by [[Éowyn]].

==The Books==
The information given above is the only reference in "The Lord of the Rings" to Gothmog, and his fate is not recorded, although it is strongly implied that he and almost all of the servants of Sauron that fought before the gates of [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]] were destroyed.

[[Image:John Howe - Gothmog.jpg|thumb|''Gothmog'' by [[John Howe]]]]
Almost nothing is known of Gothmog, not even what type of beings he was. [[Tolkienist]]s speculate that he might have been one of the [[Nazgûl]], an [[Orcs|Orc]] or a [[Men|Man]] (in which case he was probably a [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]] like the [[Mouth of Sauron]], the [[Lieutenant of the Tower of Barad-dûr]]). Since Tolkien never specifically refers to Gothmog as a Nazgûl, something that would be of prime importance to the story, it is less likely that Gothmog was a [[Ringwraiths|Ringwraith]]. The possibility, however, is still a valid one. It is also possible that he was in fact a [[Boldog]] (a fallen [[Maiar|Maia]] in Orc form).

Gothmog shared his name with a much earlier character, [[Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs]]. The original Gothmog was clearly a different character than the Gothmog of [[The Lord of the Rings]] despite having shared the same name. It would seem that the Gothmog of the Third Age had taken, or been given, the name in memory of [[Morgoth|Morgoth's]] captain; an interesting choice, since Sauron and the Lord of Balrogs were presumably rivals for Morgoth's favor during the Elder Days.

==The Films ==
===Appearances===
* [[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]]
===Portrayal===
In Peter Jackson's The Return of the King film, Gothmog is portrayed as an Orc with a misshapen face, and is played by [[Lawrence Makoare]], a [[New Zealand]] actor. Peter Jackson wanted to, for the first time in the trilogy, show a hideously deformed orc, one that would aptly convey the "ugliness" of [[Mordor]]. The upper left side of Gothmog's body is swollen and pock-marked from a disease of some sort, as described by the design department. His pale, yellow skin may also be a consequence of this illness. Gothmog's intelligence is far above that of the common orc and he, understandably, would be the perfect link between the Witch-King and the other planners of the siege of [[Minas Tirith]] (most likely men in Sauron's service) and the mindless mass of orc infantry on the front lines. While Gothmog likely did not have the intelligence to design the attack on the [[White City]] he certainly would have been able to ensure orders were carried out. Gothmog is clearly a brutal commander, but also an over-confident one. Peter Jackson comments that Gothmog feels powerful with Mordor's massive army behind him, but in reality is a crippled orc, as seen in his failed dismount from a [[Warg]] in [[Scene 36: The Siege of Gondor]]. Gothmog does, however, seem to be a capable warrior, though somewhat inhibited by his crippled left side.

[[Image:capture.jpg|300px|thumb|Gothmog and his lieutenants in [[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]].]]
It is not necessary to assume that Gothmog was THE lieutenant of Minas Morgul. He may have been one of several, but perhaps the only one present at the time of the reference. What is clear is that he was second-in-command at Pelennor. In the film, Gothmog begins his campaign by leading a fleet of rafts, carrying Morgul orcs, across the River [[Anduin]] towards the west side of Osgiliath. Gothmog's orcs easily conquer Osgiliath, where Gothmog kills [[Madril]], [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]]'s second-in-command. Gothmog halts the attack to await orders from the Witch-King. The Witch-King soon arrives and orders the beginning of the attack. Gothmog leads his legions towards Minas Tirith atop his Warg. He orders catapults fired, bearing the heads of fallen [[Gondorians]] and heavy boulders. The Gondorians fire trebuchets in return, bearing heavy pieces of masonry. One piece nearly hits proud Gothmog, who steps aside just in time, proving his prowess in survival. When Gothmog orders an attack on the [[Great Gate]] of Minas Tirith, his orcs suffer incredible casualties to the Gondorian archers above. He orders the "Wolf's Head", [[Grond]] brought forward. After Grond breaks down the city gates, Gothmog orders his orcs to move into the city, killing any and all in their path. The orcs take over the city's first level and begin taking the upper levels when the [[Rohirrim]] arrive, at the command of King [[Théoden]]. At this point Gothmog is caught off guard but, being the able commander that he is, takes charge like no other orc would be able to. He orders his northern ranks of orcs to turn and face the Rohirrim, with pikesmen in front and archers behind. The Rohirrim charge and the orcs are helpless, run over by the ferocity of the horse stampede. For the first time, Gothmog comes close to death.Once the Rohirrim have broken through the orc legions, chaos ensues. Gothmog then calls the reserves of [[Easterlings]], [[Variags]] of [[Khand]], [[Southrons]] and [[Haradrim]] in from Osgiliath.

* In the film, Gothmog calls in the reserves after the Rohirrim's charge, but before the death of the Witch-King.

In the midst of the chaos, Gothmog is forced into hand-to-hand combat. He sees a pocket of particularly stiff resistance, primarily from Théoden and [[Éowyn]], and decides to fight Eowyn. She is a more skilled figher than he, however, and soon injurs him on his crippled left leg, rendering him essentially unable to walk and useless to Mordor's army as a whole. Gothmog's confidence and ambitions have been shattered. After Eowyn has killed the Witch-King, in an act of revenge, Gothmog attempts to kill her with a mace he finds nearby. He is, however, killed just in time by [[Aragorn]] and [[Gimli]]. As he is about to strike, Aragorn cuts off his armored right arm, but Gothmog persists and Gimli hits him in the abdomen with his axe. Aragorn must turn again and cut through Gothmog's armor on the right side with his sword to finally bring the orc down.

* Gothmog's hand-to-hand combat and ultimate death takes place only in the [[extended cut]] of the film.

Gothmog belongs to a subset of orcs bred and trained in Mordor that are larger and more intelligent that most others, the orcs typically referred to as "[[uber-orcs]]". Like the majority of these orcs, Gothmog wears a distinctive, mass produced type of spiked, plate iron armor. He carries a typical orc sword at his side and seemingly prefers to ride on Wargs.

From a brief still at the moment of Gothmog's death, one can see a distinctive type of footwear being worn by the orc commander. Perhaps a new piece of equipment utilized by the uber-orcs of Mordor, these flaps, covering the soles of the foot, are ridged, presumably to give better friction and aid in long marches or extended battles. The flaps are covered, in the case of Gothmog, with a perimeter of fabric, extended from the leggings. The flaps are most likely made of wood.

[[Category:Pronounced articles]]

Gollum

2007-07-07T06:45:10Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

[[Image:Gollum behind bars 02.jpg|thumb|350px|Gollum from [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]].]]
Originally known as '''Sméagol''', he was later named '''Gollum''' after the disgusting gurgling noise he made in his throat. His birth can be estimated to have happened c. the year 2430 of the [[Third Age]]. His death date is given as March 25, 3019 of the [[Third Age]]. His life was extended far beyond its natural limits by the effects of possessing the [[One Ring]]. At the time of his death, Gollum was about 589 years old, a remarkable age for a creature who was once a [[Hobbit]], but he had been deformed and twisted in both body and mind by the corruption of the Ring. One of his chief desires was to possess the Ring which had enslaved him, and he pursued it for many years after he lost it.

'''Also see:''' [[Timeline]].

== Story ==

===Early Life===
[[Image:John Howe - Gollum.jpg|thumb|''Gollum'' by [[John Howe]].]]
Once a [[Stoors|Stoorish]] [[Hobbit]], Sméagol spent the early years of his life living with his extended family under a Matriarch, his grandmother. Around the year 2463 T.A. Sméagol became the fourth Bearer of the One Ring, after [[Sauron]], [[Isildur]], and [[Déagol]]. Déagol was his cousin, and on Sméagol's birthday they went fishing in the [[Gladden Fields]] north of [[Lothlórien]]. It was there that Déagol found a gold ring, after being pulled into the water by a large fish. Sméagol demanded the ring as a birthday present and strangled Deágol when he refused. Sméagol was quickly corrupted further by the ring and, banished by his people, was forced to find a home in a cave in the [[Misty Mountains]]. The Ring's malignant influence twisted his Hobbit body and mind and prolonged his life far beyond its natural limits. He called it his "[[Precious]]" or his "Birthday Present," the latter as a justification for killing Déagol.

He lived in the Misty Mountains for over four hundred years, living on raw [[fish]], (which he caught from his small raft), and [[Goblins]], and in later years he found Hobbit and [[Elves|Elven]] food repulsive.

During his centuries under the Ring's influence, he developed a sort of multiple personality disorder: Sméagol, his "good" personality, still vaguely remembered things like friendship and love, while Gollum, his "bad" personality, was a slave to the Ring and would kill anyone who tried to take it. Years later, [[Samwise Gamgee]] would name the good personality "Slinker" (for his fawning, eager-to-please demeanour), and the bad personality "Stinker". The two personalities often quarrelled when he talked to himself (as Tolkien put it, "through not having anyone else to speak to") and had a love/hate relationship, mirroring Gollum's love and hatred for the Ring and for himself.

===Departure of the Ring===

In July, 2941 T.A, during the [[Quest of Erebor]], the Hobbit [[Bilbo Baggins]] stumbled upon the subterranean lake on which he lived and found the Ring. Gollum had lost the Ring in the network of caves leading to the lake, though in fact it is more proper to say that the Ring abandoned Gollum, for it was known to have a will of its own. As [[Gandalf]] says later, it looks after itself, trying to get back to Sauron. After the famous [[Riddle-game|Riddle Game]], during which Gollum was unaware of his loss, Gollum refused to show Bilbo the promised way out and plotted to murder him. When he went to get his "birthday present," however, he found that it was gone. He suddenly realised the answer to Bilbo's last riddle—''"What have I got in my pocket?"''— and flew into a rage. Bilbo inadvertantly stumbled across the Ring's power of invisibility as he ran, allowing him to follow Gollum to the entrance of the cave. There, Bilbo at first thought to kill Gollum, but was overcome with pity, so he jumped over him to escape. As Bilbo ran, Gollum cried out, "Thief! Thief, Baggins! We hates it forever!"

(In the first edition of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Gollum did not appear quite as wretched or as bound to the Ring. Tolkien revised this characterisation to fit the concept of the Ruling Ring developed during the writing of ''The Lord of the Rings''. Tolkien then explained the version given in the first edition as a lie that Bilbo made up to tell the [[Dwarves]] and [[Gandalf]].)

Gollum left the Mountains and pursued Bilbo a few years later, but the trail was cold. He made his way into [[Mordor]], where he was captured and forced to reveal what he knew about the Ring. Gollum was then freed, but caught by [[Aragorn]] who placed him in the care of the [[Silvan Elves]] living in [[Thranduil]]'s kingdom in [[Mirkwood]]. He escaped into [[Moria]].

===Doings in the War of the Ring===

In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Gollum met and started following the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in Moria, and was spotted and heard by Frodo on several occasions. On January 15, 3019 T.A. the Fellowship was divided when Gandalf disappeared while fighting a [[Balrogs|Balrog]] (though he later returned). Gollum continued trailing the remaining members. It is unknown how he crossed the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]], but he came with them to [[Lórien]] without their knowing. Gollum followed their boats down [[Anduin]] (floating on a log) to [[Rauros]] and pursued Frodo and Sam across the [[Emyn Muil]] when they struck out on their own towards Mordor. Gollum followed them, but after a confrontation (in which he bit and nearly strangled Sam) Frodo subdued him. Frodo tied an [[Elves|Elvish]] rope around Gollum's ankle for a leash, but the mere touch of the rope pained him. Taking pity on the wretched creature, Frodo made Gollum swear to help them. Agreeing to the oath, Gollum swore by the "Precious" itself, and Frodo released him. The unlikely company, guided by Gollum, made their way to the [[Black Gate]], the entrance to Mordor.

Frodo's kindness brought out the "Sméagol" personality, and he made at least some effort to keep his promise. The two had a strange sort of bond from both having been Ringbearers; in Gollum, Frodo saw his possible future, and so wanted to save him so he could save himself.

When the Black Gate was reached and found to be well guarded, Gollum convinced them not to go that way, saying that they would be caught and Sauron would regain the Ring. Gollum said he would lead them south, where he knew of another entrance into Mordor.

Frodo and Sam were caught by [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]], and Gollum followed them. When Frodo allowed Faramir to briefly take him prisoner, however, he felt betrayed, allowing the "Gollum" personality to take control. Faramir found out that the place Gollum was taking them was called [[Cirith Ungol]]. He then warned Frodo and Sam of the evil of that place.

Frodo, Sam, and Gollum left Faramir and began crossing the pass of Cirith Ungol in the border-mountains of the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gollum visited the great spider [[Shelob]], child of [[Ungoliant]], because he was planning to betray the Hobbits to her and then get the Ring for himself. When he returned the Hobbits were asleep. The sight of Frodo sleeping nearly moved Gollum to repent. However, Sam woke up and spoke harshly to Gollum, and all hope of redemption was lost. Gollum followed through with his plan and led Frodo and Sam into Shelob's lair.

Just as Frodo warned him, Gollum's betrayal of his oath ultimately led to his undoing, for Frodo and Sam escaped from Shelob's lair and came against all odds to the volcano [[Orodruin]], or Mount Doom. Gollum followed them all the way, seeking a chance to surprise them and take the Ring. When Frodo and Sam had almost reached their destination, he attacked, but failed to get the Ring. Sam, who had hated Gollum on sight, tried to bring himself to kill him, but relented out of sheer pity and disgust, turning his back on the beaten (but still wily) creature.

Moments later, Frodo was standing on the edge of the [[Crack of Doom]], but, unwilling to destroy the Ring, claimed it for himself and put it on. Then Gollum attacked again. The two fought whilst Frodo was invisible and finally Gollum bit off Frodo's finger.

Here Frodo's kindness in sparing Gollum's life was rewarded, for Gollum then teetered on the edge of the great pit, lost his balance and fell in, taking the Ring and finger with him with a last cry of "Preciouss!". Had Gollum not lived to play this final part, there would have been a good chance that Sauron would have regained the Ring, as he knew where Frodo was as soon as he put the Ring on.

==Description==

He is described as being small, with large eyes that seemed to glow, as well as a scrawny neck and soft clammy fingers. He moved like a spider, and several references suggest that he was black in color, though it could be said that it only looked like he was black, as most if not all of the descriptions were in the dark. In [[the Hobbit]] it is mentioned that he has six teeth, but this statement probably changed in the [[the Lord of the Rings]] as he had the ability to give deep bites, and was able to bite off Frodo’s finger.

===Personality===

There is some debate about the nature of his impulse to kill Déagol. Some maintain that Sméagol, as a Hobbit, was good at heart, and it was entirely the Ring's doing. But the more popular and perhaps more likely opinion is that Sméagol was harboring dark thoughts to begin with. Their argument bases on several points, including (1) The sight of the Ring at the council or at many points in the journey of the Fellowship did not cause anyone to suddenly murdur someone else. (2) It is possible for Hobbits to be evil; for instance, [[Ted Sandyman]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]. (3) In the chapter ''[[The Shadow of the Past]]'', Gandalf mentions that Bilbo was corrupted far more slowly by the Ring because his adventures with it began with an act of mercy, while Gollum began his with murder.

== Film and radio appearances ==

In both [[Ralph Bakshi]]'s animated film] of ''[[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1978) and the BBC's 1981 [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|radio serial]], the voice of Gollum is supplied by [[Peter Woodthorpe]].

In the animated versions of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' (1977) and ''[[The Return of the King]]'' (1980), Gollum is voiced by comedian [[Brother Theodore|"Brother" Theodore Gottleib]].

In the [[Peter Jackson]] film trilogy, Gollum is a CGI creature voiced by actor [[Andy Serkis]], who also provided the voices of some of the [[Nazgûl]] and [[Orcs]]. Barely glimpsed in [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]] (2001), he becomes a central character in ''[[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]'' (2002) and ''[[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]'' (2003). The groundbreaking CGI character was built around Serkis's voice, movements and expressions, sometimes by using a motion capture suit which recorded his movements and applied them to the digital character, and sometimes by the more laborious process of digitally "painting out" Serkis's image and replacing it with Gollum's. In one such shot in ''The Two Towers'', Serkis' real spittle can be seen emerging from Gollum's mouth.

In ''The Return of the King'' Serkis himself appears in a flashback scene as Smeagol before his degeneration into Gollum. This scene was originally earmarked for ''The Two Towers'' but held back because it was felt that audiences would relate better to the original Smeagol once they were more familiar with who he became. The decision to include this scene meant that Gollum's face had to be redesigned for the second and third movies so that it would more closely resemble Serkis'. (The brief glimpses in ''The Fellowship of the Ring'' are of an older portrayal of Gollum.)

== Name & Pronunciation ==

Sméagol's name is actually another [[Old English]] one, from ''sméah'', and adjective meaning "''creeping in, penetrating''". This title was also applied by the Anglo-Saxons to the Biblical Cain, from the story of Cain's murder of his brother Abel in Genesis. This draws a clear connection between the two.

In both the 1981 BBC radio adaptation and in the Peter Jackson movies ''Sméagol'' is pronounced as "SMEE-gol", although the placement of the acute accent suggests that the correct pronunciation is "SMAY-uh-gol". On the other hand, in Tolkien's recordings of ''The Lord of the Rings'' he also pronounced it "SMEE-gol" or "SMEE-AH-GOL", suggesting that ''éa'' should either be pronounced as a long "i"-sound or as a diphthong ''ea'', and not as two distinct vowels "e" and "a". Tolkien had a habit in his writing to put diacritics in varying places, as can also be seen in the name ''[[Eärendil]]'', which also occurs spelt ''Ëarendil''. It should also be noted that "Sméagol" bears strong resemblance to Old English ''smēaġan'', a verb meaning "to ponder". If this was Tolkien's intention, then the acute may have been meant to substitute for the macron. In any case, when trying to pronounce ''Sméagol'', it should be kept in mind that the pronunciation rules given in the Appendices for ''The Lord of the Rings'' are for the [[Elvish]], and not for (old) English representing [[Westron]] and related languages.

Sméagol's "real" Westron name was ''Trahald'', of the meaning "burrowing, worming in" or "apt to creep into a hole". In both Westron and Old English, Sméagol's name is related to [[Smaug]]'s: Smaug's name in "true Dalish" was ''Trâgu'', and the Trah- stem in Trahald and Trâgu is thus a cognate of the Germanic stem present in both Sméagol and Smaug (with a meaning of squeezing through a hole.)

==See also==
* [[Sméagol]]
*[[Andvari]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.serkis.com Andy Serkis's website]
*[http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/329/7480/1435?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=gollum&searchid=1103349387213_18575&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=329&issue=7480 Medical Students Profile of Gollum]

[[Category:Hobbits]]

Peregrin Took

2007-07-07T06:44:34Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

{{expansion}}
{{Hobbit
|image=[[Image:Sarah Zagacki - Pippin.jpg|250px]]
|name=Peregrin Took
|othernames=Pippin, "Fool of a Took", [[Ernil i Pheriannath]] (Prince of the Halflings), Guard of the Citadel, Knight of Gondor, Thain Peregrin I, Counsellor of the North-kingdom, [[Razanur Tûk]]
|birth=[[Third Age 2990|T.A. 2990]]
|death=After [[Fourth Age 64|Fo.A 64]]
|parentage=[[Paladin Took II]] + [[Eglantine Banks]]
|race=[[Hobbits]]
|gender=Male
|height=Taller than 4'-5"
|hair=Almost golden
}}

<blockquote>
''There must be someone with intelligence in [[Fellowship of the Ring|the party]].'' [said Pippin] 
''Then you certainly will not be chosen, Peregrin Took! said [[Gandalf]]'':— [[The Ring goes South]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]]
</blockquote>

'''Peregrin Took''' was one of the [[Hobbits]] in the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]. He was the youngest of the Company, being in his tweens, but grew up quickly and eventually became a Knight of Gondor. [[Elrond]] at least seemed to doubt his capability for the quest, but Pippin proved to be a loyal and courageous friend.

==History==

===Name & Heritage===

He was born in the [[Third Age]] 2990 to [[Paladin Took II]] and [[Eglantine Banks]], thus heir to the title of [[Thain]]. He had three older sisters, [[Pearl Took]], [[Pimpernel Took]], and [[Pervinca Took]]. His true [[Westron]] name was '''Razanur Tûk'''.

===Actions during the War of the Ring===

He was a part of the [[Conspirators]], and eventually joined [[Frodo Baggins]] on his quest to destroy the One Ring, along with his friends [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]]. At [[Bree]], his 'Tookish' qualities got the group into trouble, when he inadvertantly caused the One Ring to fall upon Frodo's finger.

After reaching [[Rivendell]], he, with Merry, insisted on not being left behind on the Quest of the Ring. Therefore they were chosen as the eighth and ninth members of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]].

In [[Moria]], Pippin carelessly dropped a stone down a well, possibly alerting the orcs which had inhabited the mines of the Company's presence.

Captured along with Merry upon [[Amon Hen]] by a band of [[Uruk-hai]], Pippin displayed a keen sense of intelligence by leaving a trail of footprints and dropping his [[Lórien]] brooch for Aragorn to find. They eventually escaped to become the first mortals for many centuries to encounter the [[Ents]] of [[Fangorn Forest]].

Pippin was also present at the destruction of [[Isengard]], but was soon taken by Gandalf to [[Minas Tirith]], after looking into the palantir of [[Orthanc]] and being mistaken by Sauron for the Ringbearer. There he pledged allegiance to [[Denethor]] and became a Guard of the Citadel. During the [[Siege of Gondor]], he helped save the life of [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]], and at the [[Battle of the Morannon]] he slew a troll in defense of [[Beregond]].

===After the war===

Along with Merry, he led the victory at the [[Battle of Bywater]], and eventually married Diamond of Long Cleeve. They had a son named Faramir.

Pippin retired to [[Gondor]] in the year 64 of the Fourth Age, and when he died his bed was laid beside that of Merry and the King [[Elessar]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Peregrin Took was played by [[Billy Boyd]] in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]. [[Peter Jackson]] has been accused of making his character seem foolish and bumbling.

{{fellowship}}

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Peregrin Took|Images of Peregrin Took]]

[[Category:Characters]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Took]]

Dol Amroth

2007-07-07T06:43:18Z

Elemmakil: correcting links

{{location
| image=[[Image:Haltiamieli.jpg]]
| name=Dol Amroth
| othernames=
| etymology=[[S.]] ''[[dol]]'' "hill" + ''[[roth]]'' "foam"
| type=City/Princedom
| location=[[Belfalas]]
| inhabitants=[[Men]]
| realms=[[Gondor]]
| description=
| events=
| references=
|}}
'''Dol Amroth''' was a princedom which formed part of the Kingdom of [[Gondor]].

The first Lord of Dol Amroth was Galador, son of Imrazôr the [[Númenórean]]. Imrazôr was the son of Adrahil I, who was already known as the Prince, and lived in [[Belfalas]]. At some point Imrazôr moved to the area where once was the elven haven of [[Edhellond]]. According to tradition, there he married [[Mithrellas]], a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]] of [[Lórien]] who had accompanied [[Nimrodel]], the beloved of Lórien's king [[Amroth]], on her journey towards Edhellond, but had become lost along with her mistress. Therefore Galador and his descendants had claim to Elven blood.

After Imrazôr's death (Mithrellas' fate is nowhere described, only that she eventually left Imrazôr and Galador), Galador went on to found the city and later the princedom of Dol Amroth. He is counted as its first Lord. The specific date of its foundation is nowhere recounted.

The city of Dol Amroth was built south of Edhellond at the inlet of Cobas Haven in the [[Bay of Belfalas]]. In the north of the city was built the Sea-ward Tower of Tirith Aear.

The lands of Dol Amroth were also known as '''''Dor-en-Ernil''''', or "Lands of the Prince": initially this name was applied to the area of Belfalas where Adrahil I and Imrazôr lived, but after Galador it was also applied to the area of Dol Amroth itself.

Here follows a list of the line of Princes. All dates are [[Third Age]], but many names are not known, only dates of birth and death.

*''[[Adrahil I]]'', Prince of Dor-en-Ernil: fought the [[Wainriders]] in 1944
*''[[Imrazôr]]'', Prince of Dor-en-Ernil (alive in 1981)
*''[[Galador]]'', first Prince of Dol Amroth (2004 – 2129)
*Second Prince of Dol Amroth (2060–2206)
*Third Prince of Dol Amroth (2120–2254)
*Fourth Prince of Dol Amroth (2172–2299)
*Fifth Prince of Dol Amroth (2225–2348)
*Sixth Prince of Dol Amroth (2274–2400)
*Seventh Prince of Dol Amroth (2324–2458)
*Eighth Prince of Dol Amroth (2373–2498)
*Ninth Prince of Dol Amroth (2418–2540)
*Tenth Prince of Dol Amroth (2463–2582)
*Eleventh Prince of Dol Amroth (2505–2623)
*Twelth Prince of Dol Amroth (2546–2660)
*Thirteenth Prince of Dol Amroth (2588–2701)
*Fourteenth Prince of Dol Amroth (2627–2733)
*Fifteenth Prince of Dol Amroth (2671 – 2746: He was slain by [[Corsairs of Umbar]])
*Sixteenth Prince of Dol Amroth (2709 – 2799: Slain in battle)
*Seventeenth Prince of Dol Amroth (2746 – 2859)
*Eighteenth Prince of Dol Amroth (2785 – 2899)
*''[[Aglahad]]'', Nineteenth Prince of Dol Amroth (2827 – 2932)
*''[[Angelimir]]'', Twentieth Prince of Dol Amroth (2866 – 2977)
*''[[Adrahil II]]'', Twenty-first Prince of Dol Amroth (2917 – 3010)
*''[[Imrahil]]'', Twenty-second Prince of Dol Amroth (2955 – [[Fourth Age]] 34)
*''[[Elphir]]'', Twenty-third Prince of Dol Amroth ( – Fourth Age 67)
*''[[Alphros]]'', Twenty-fourth Prince of Dol Amroth (3017 – Fourth Age 95)
Imrahil was one of the commanders of the army of Gondor during the [[War of the Ring]], and for a while commanded the city of [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]]. After the War he went back to Dol Amroth, remaining a councellor to King [[Aragorn II|Elessar]]. He was succeeded by his son Elphir.

Imrahil's sister [[Finduilas of Dol Amroth|Finduilas]] married [[Denethor II]], [[Steward of Gondor]] and was the mother of [[Boromir son of Denethor II|Boromir]] and [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]].
[[Lothíriel]], daughter of Imrahil, married [[Éomer]], King of [[Rohan]].

[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Cities]]

Barahir (grandson of Faramir)

2007-07-07T06:40:43Z

Elemmakil:

{{Pronounce|Barahir.mp3|Ardamir}}
The grandson of Steward [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] and [[Éowyn]] of [[Rohan]], who is recorded as having written [[The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen]], at some point during the second century of the [[Fourth Age]]. His work survived in abbreviated form in the [[Thain's Book]], and hence ultimately came to form part of [[Appendix A]] to [[The Lord of the Rings]].

Except for his grandparents Faramir and Éowyn, the details of Barahir's descent are uncertain. In [[The Heirs of Elendil]] (the ultimate basis for much of [[Appendix A]]), there is a single mention of a son of Faramir - apparently his only child - named [[Elboron]]. It isn't completely clear whether [[Tolkien]] meant this character to stand, but it seems reasonable to speculate that this [[Elboron]] was Barahir's father. This would in turn presumably see Barahir inheriting the titles of Steward of [[Gondor]] and Prince of [[Ithilien]], though it should be emphasised that none of this is explicitly stated by Tolkien. (The Heirs of Elendil appears in [[The Peoples of Middle-earth]], volume 12 of [[The History of Middle-earth]]).

[[Category:Dúnedain]]
[[Category:Stewards]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]

Barahir (grandson of Faramir)

2007-07-07T06:40:23Z

Elemmakil: correcting links

{{Pronounce|Barahir.mp3|Ardamir}}
The grandson of Steward [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] and [[Éowyn]] of [[Rohan]], who is recorded as having written [[The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen]], at some point during the second century of the [[Fourth Age]]. His work survived in abbreviated form in the [[Thain's Book]], and hence ultimately came to form part of [[Appendix A]] to [[The Lord of the Rings]].

Except for his grandparents Faramir]] and Éowyn, the details of Barahir's descent are uncertain. In [[The Heirs of Elendil]] (the ultimate basis for much of [[Appendix A]]), there is a single mention of a son of Faramir - apparently his only child - named [[Elboron]]. It isn't completely clear whether [[Tolkien]] meant this character to stand, but it seems reasonable to speculate that this [[Elboron]] was Barahir's father. This would in turn presumably see Barahir inheriting the titles of Steward of [[Gondor]] and Prince of [[Ithilien]], though it should be emphasised that none of this is explicitly stated by Tolkien. (The Heirs of Elendil appears in [[The Peoples of Middle-earth]], volume 12 of [[The History of Middle-earth]]).

[[Category:Dúnedain]]
[[Category:Stewards]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]

Aragorn II

2007-07-07T06:37:42Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

{{Royalty infobox
| image= [[Image:John Howe - Elessar (Battlefields boardgame).jpg|250px]]
| name= Aragorn Elessar
| othernames= Estel, Thorongil, Strider, Wingfoot, Telcontar, Elfstone, Isildur's Heir, Elessar
| birth= [[Third Age 2931|T.A. 2931]]
| rule= [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]]
| death= [[Fourth Age 120|Fo.A 120]]
| age= 210 years
| realms= [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] (the [[Reunited Kingdom]])
| race= [[Men]]
| gender= Male
| height=
| hair= Dark Brown
| eyes=
|}}

{{quote|...But he was called Estel, that is "Hope", and his true name and lineage were kept secret at the bidding of Elrond; for the Wise then knew that the Enemy was seeking to discover the Heir of Isildur, if any remained upon the earth.|[[Appendix A]]}}
'''Aragorn II''' ([[Third Age]] March 1, 2931 – [[Fourth Age]] 120, aged 210 years) was the son of [[Arathorn II]] and [[Gilraen]]. He was was a [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] and a direct descendant through many generations of [[Isildur]], the last [[High King]] of both [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. Aragorn would become the greatest man of his time, leading the [[Men of the West]] against [[Sauron]]'s forces, helping to destroy the [[One Ring]], a reuniting the [[Reunited Kingdom|Kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor]].

Aragorn was named after his ancestor, [[Aragorn I]]. His name means "Lord of the Tree" in [[Sindarin]]. This name, belonging to him, may have been prophetically referring to the [[White Tree of Minas Tirith]].

==History==

===Early Life===
When Aragorn was two years old, his father was slain when a [[Orc]] arrow pierced his eye. As was the tradition of his people, Aragorn was fostered in [[Rivendell]] by [[Elrond]]. By Elrond's order, his identity was kept secret, as he feared he would be slain like his father and grandfather. Aragorn was named '''''[[Estel]]''''' ([[Sindarin]] for "Hope") instead, and was not told about his heritage until he came of age in 2951.

[[Image:Stephen Hickman - Aragorn and Arwen.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Aragorn and Arwen'' by [[Stephen Hickman]]]]Elrond revealed to "Estel" his true name and ancestry in 2951, when Aragorn was twenty years old, and delivered to him the shards of [[Narsil]] and the [[Ring of Barahir]]. The next day, in the woods of Rivendell, Aragorn met and fell in love with [[Arwen Evenstar|Arwen]], daughter of Elrond, who had newly returned from [[Lórien in Middle-earth|Lórien]].

===Life as a Ranger===

Aragorn took up his proper name as Aragorn II, sixteenth of the Chieftains of the Dúnedain, and went into [[The Wild]].

{{Pronounce|Aragorn Elessar.mp3|Ardamir}}In 2953 he was not present in Rivendell for the last meeting of the [[White Council]]. Aragorn met [[Gandalf the Grey]] in 2956, and they became great friends. At Gandalf's advice he started to become interested in the [[Shire]], and became known around the area as '''''Strider'''''.

From 2957 to 2980 Aragorn took great journeys, serving in the armies of King [[Thengel]] of [[Rohan]], and Steward [[Ecthelion II]] of Gondor. Many of his tasks weakened [[Sauron]] and his allies, which during the [[War of the Ring]] helped the West survive. His name in Gondor and Rohan was '''''Thorongil''''' (Sindarin for "Eagle of the Star"), and with a few Gondorian ships he led a night assault on the [[Haven of Umbar]] in 2980, destroying many of their ships and slaying its lord. He later left Gondor to travel into the far East and South "exploring the hearts of men good and evil". And learning about the "plots and devices" of the servants of the Dark Lord. Later in 2980 he was in Lórien, and there once again met Arwen. He gave her the heirloom of his House, the [[Ring of Barahir]], and Arwen pledged her hand to him in marriage.

Elrond gave his foster-son permission to marry his daughter, on the condition that he must first become king of both Gondor and Arnor, for only a king would be worthy of Arwen's hand. This may seem a harsh condition, but it should be noted that it is significantly more lenient than the closest precedent, King [[Thingol]]'s request that [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] obtain a [[Silmaril]] from [[Morgoth]] before marrying his daughter [[Lúthien]].

===War of the Ring===
===Fellowship of the Ring and events preceding===

Aragorn occasionally went on errands for his friend [[Gandalf]], among them the search for [[Gollum]], as the Wizard sought information as to the queer [[One Ring|ring]] that had formerly been in his possession, his “birthday-present”.

As he passed through [[Bree]] one time in September of the year [[Third Age 3018|3018]], he spied upon and followed four suspicious [[Hobbits]]. By this spying and because of how clumsily they hid their true names and purpose, Aragorn made a reasonably accurate guess as to who they were. Aragorn had been told somewhat of the goings-on and Gandalf’s suspicions, and resolved to help them. [[Frodo Baggins]], the leader of the party, first saw and met him at [[The Prancing Pony]] inn. Aragorn, whose name was given as Strider, seemed to show no surprise, only annoyance at Frodo’s foolish vanishing act. He arranged for an interview that night, where he warned them of the [[Black Riders]] and [[Bill Ferny]], then bluntly requesting that they use him as a guide. After some consideration, and a note given them by the forgetful [[Barliman Butterbur]] from Gandalf condoning him, Frodo agreed.

Aragorn’s plan to get to Rivendell was to head first toward [[Archet]] and bear right to [[Weathertop]]. After the [[Ambush at Weathertop]] and the wounding of Frodo, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] took over the position as leader of the Hobbits. After a while they met [[Glorfindel of Rivendell|Glorfindel]], a friend of Aragorn’s, and it was not much later that they arrived in Rivendell.

Aragorn, when in Rivendell, switched cloaks from that of the Ranger to that of the Lord of the Dúnedain, the Elf-friend. He was elected as Gandalf’s second in the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], and served throughout their journeys together as his chief advisor.

Aragorn encouraged the taking of the [[Redhorn Pass]], which ended in disaster. He reluctantly conceded to Gandalf’s plan to pass through [[Moria]], though his sense of foresight warned him for Gandalf. Indeed, after Gandalf was taken down by [[Durin’s Bane]], Aragorn was naturally elected leader of the company, despite some resentment by his companion [[Boromir (son of Denethor II)|Boromir]].

Aragorn again amazed the rest of the Fellowship by his apparent closeness to the people of [[Lothlórien]], and his friendship with [[Celeborn (Lord of Lórien)|Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]. Even at the [[Falls of Rauros]] he was undecided, leaving it to Frodo for the final decision. For though it was obvious he wished to go to [[Minas Tirith]] with Boromir, he yet felt that it was his duty to go where the [[Ringbearer]] chose.

===The early War of the Ring===

After Frodo escaped him and Boromir perished, he with the remaining members of the Fellowship, namely [[Legolas of Mirkwood|Legolas]] and [[Gimli Elf-friend|Gimli]], chose to try and save Merry and [[Pippin]] from the [[Uruk-hai]] that had ambushed them, forming the group that would later be known as the [[Three Hunters]].

He met [[Éomer]] in the fields of [[Rohan]], and an instant friendship formed, both feeling the honesty and lordliness of the other. Éomer took a risk for his sake, giving him horses, with the promise that one day soon Aragorn would return to [[Edoras]]. Aragorn, tracking the Hobbits, followed into Fangorn forest, where he met the resurrected [[Gandalf the White]]. After the restoration of [[Théoden]], he rode to [[Helm’s Deep]] to fight in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. There he, alongside his new-found “brother” Éomer, and King Théoden, marshaled the defense against [[Saruman]]’s army. His revealed majesty upon the battlements of the Hornburg as he waited for the dawn caused some of the [[Wild men]] to pause and shudder, and he heralded the return of Gandalf with [[Erkenbrand]].

After Pippin’s terrifying experience with the [[Orthanc-stone]], Gandalf presented it in a formal manner to Aragorn, its rightful master, who hinted that it would be used by him eventually. After the departure of Gandalf and Pippin to Minas Tirith, he rode for a while longer with Théoden, meeting up with his friend [[Halbarad]] of the North, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and a company of staunch and fearless Rangers. Elladan and Elrohir gave him a message from Elrond: “''The days are short. If thou art in haste, remember the [[Paths of the Dead]]''”. Halbarad bore a gift from the Lady Arwen – the [[Standard of Elendil]]. Aragorn knew the path set before him.

===Return of the King===

A little while later Aragorn took his companions and his rangers and set out for [[Dunharrow]], departing from the King’s company. His course was clear: to take the Paths of the Dead, to summon the [[Dead Men]]. He met in Dunharrow the lady [[Éowyn]], who had fallen in love with him. After making it clear that he could not accept her love, he turned away down the evil road with the dawn.

The [[Grey Company]] passed through the [[Dark Door]] and the [[Dwimorberg]], the Dead following, and coming at last to the [[Black Stone of Erech]], Aragorn summoned them to his aid. They drew their swords and blew their horns in answer, and swept down upon the [[Corsairs]] at [[Pelargir]] drove the mariners away. Aragorn released them, and took the [[Black Ships]] north to Minas Tirith, where the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] raged. The Standard of Elendil broke forth, and his Dúnedain swept down, giving the final blow to the army of [[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]]. The counterattacked army of [[Sauron]] crumbled utterly. But Aragorn did not enter the city.

Aragorn, furling his banner, appointed [[Imrahil]] the temporary lord of the City, as the law demanded. Eventually, however, Aragorn did come to the [[Houses of Healing]], where he tended and restored Merry, Éowyn, and [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]], in accordance with the prophecy “''The hands of the king are the hands of a healer, and so shall the rightful king be known''”. Aragorn then left the city, hooded and cloaked, and yet the people of Minas Tirith followed him, for they had heard rumors. Yet when in the morning they saw the banner of [[Dol Amroth]], they wondered if the Return of the King had been but a dream.

Aragorn held [[Last Debate|council]] with his trusted companions, namely Gandalf, Éomer, Imrahil, and Elrond’s sons – Halbarad had fallen in battle. He agreed to pull forth the forces of [[Mordor]] for the benefit of the [[Quest of the Ring]], and so arranged matters for the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. After the Destruction of the Ring in [[Orodruin]] and victory at the [[Morannon]], Aragorn returned at last in the triumphant manner that befitted his position. He was crowned at the gates of Minas Tirith, winning the hearts of the people of [[Gondor]]. Gandalf took him up the slopes of Mount [[Mindolluin]], and there Aragorn found the scion of [[Nimloth]], the symbol of his mastery of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]. He wedded Arwen shortly after, and then was forced to bid his old friends farewell. He turned back to his new kingdom as the [[Fourth Age]] dawned and the Ringbearers left the shores of Middle-earth forever.

===Reign as Elessar===

Aragorn ruled the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and Arnor until year 120 of the [[Fourth Age]]. He died after 210 years of life and 122 years of rule. His wife Arwen, now mortal, gave up her life shortly afterwards in year 121, aged 2,901.

He founded the [[House of Telcontar]], and was succeeded by his son [[Eldarion]]. He also had a number of daughters, whose names were not recorded.

Through his ancestor Elendil, Aragorn was a descendant of the [[Númenóreans]], great [[Men]] who were granted long lives by the [[Valar]]. Though [[Númenor]] was destroyed, its people lived on as the [[Dúnedain]], and like their ancestors they too were long-lived. Thus Aragorn lived to a great age, finally passing on at 210 years.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the earliest unpublished versions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' (see ''[[The History of The Lord of the Rings]]''), the character that later became Aragorn was called '''''[[Trotter]]''''' instead of Strider, and was a [[Hobbit]] instead of a [[Men|Man]]. He had wooden feet, because he had once traveled to Mordor and been tortured there.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery>
Image:Aragorn from Rankin-Bass' The Return of the King.jpg|Aragorn as portrayed in [[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King]]
Image:Strider from Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings.jpg|Aragorn as portrayed in [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]]
Image:Aragorn grimace.jpg|[[Viggo Mortensen]] as Aragorn in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]
</gallery>
In the [[Rankin/Bass]] animated version of [[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King|The Return of the King]], Aragorn is voiced by [[Theodore Bikel]].

In Ralph Bakshi's animated film [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings|The Lord of the Rings]], Aragorn is voiced by [[John Hurt]].

In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], Aragorn is played by American actor [[Viggo Mortensen]]. Instead of explaining the complicated circumstances of an heir of Isildur taking the throne in Gondor (see [[Pelendur]] for an example), in the movie Aragorn must overcome his self-doubt to choose the kingship. This cinematic element adds appeal to a modern audience, but in the books there is no doubt of his purpose to return as the king from the very first time his lineage is revealed.

==Genealogy==
<code>
[[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]] = [[Elwing]]
| [[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]] = [[Galadriel]]
| |
--------|-------- |
| | |
| | |
[[Elros]] [[Elrond]] = [[Celebrían]]
: |
[[Kings of Numenor]] |
: |
Lords of [[Andúnië]] |
: |
[[Elendil]] † |
| |
------|------ |
| | | † [[High King]] of [[Arnor]] ''and'' [[Gondor]]
| | |
[[Isildur]] † [[Anárion son of Elendil|Anárion]] |
: : |
: : |
''The Kings'' ''The Kings'' |
''of [[Arnor]]'' ''of [[Gondor]]'' |
: : |
: : |
: [[Eärnur]] ‡ | ‡ Last [[King of Gondor]]
: |
[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of]] |
[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|the Dúnedain]] |
: |
: |
[[Arathorn II]] = [[Gilraen]] |
| |
| |
'''ARAGORN II ELESSAR''' = [[Arwen]]
|
-------|-------
| |
| |
[[Eldarion]] ''numerous daughters''
</code>

==Other names and titles==
Aragorn was also known as '''Strider''', '''Elessar Telcontar''' ("Elfstone Strider"), '''Thorongil''', '''The Dúnadan''' ("Man of the West"), '''Longshanks''' (given by [[Bill Ferny]]), '''Wingfoot''' (given by [[Éomer]]), and '''Estel''' ("Hope"){{sequence
|prev=[[Arathorn II]]
|next=none (abandoned)
|list=[[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] <code>III</code> 2933 – 3019
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Eärnur]], 971 years earlier
|next=[[Eldarion]]
|list=[[King of Gondor]] <code>III</code> 3019 – <code>IV</code> 120
}} {{sequence
|prev=[[Arvedui]], 1,046 years earlier
|next=[[Eldarion]]
|list=[[King of Arnor]] <code>III</code> 3019 – <code>IV</code> 120
}} {{sequence
|prev=[[Isildur]], 3,017 years earlier
|next=[[Eldarion]]
|list=[[High King]] of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] <code>III</code> 3019 – <code>IV</code> 120
}} {{sequence
|prev=none
|next=[[Eldarion]]
|list=[[House of Telcontar]] <code>III</code> 3019 – <code>IV</code> 120
}}{{fellowship}}

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Aragorn|Images of Aragorn]]

[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]

Timeline

2007-07-07T06:32:11Z

Elemmakil: corrected Faramir-links

{{sources}}
== [[Years of the Lamps]] Begin ==
''All dates in this section are approximate''

* [[YOTL 1500|1500]] [[Tulkas]] enters [[Arda]], [[Morgoth]] flees 
* [[YOTL 1900|1900]] [[Morgoth]] re-enters [[Arda]] 
* [[YOTL 3400|3400]] [[Morgoth]] raises the [[Iron Mountains]], begins delving [[Utumno]] 
* [[YOTL 3450|3450]] [[Two Lamps]] destroyed, breaking of [[Almaren]] 
* [[YOTL 3500|3500]] [[Two Trees]] grown in [[Valinor]]

== [[Years of the Trees]] Begin ==

* [[YOTT 1000|1000]] [[Varda]] creates the stars 
* [[YOTT 1050|1050]] [[Elves]] awake in [[Cuiviénen]]. [[Melian]] travels to [[Beleriand]] 
* [[YOTT 1080|1080]] [[Morgoth]] discovers the [[Elves]] 
* [[YOTT 1085|1085]] [[Oromë]] discovers the [[Elves]] 
* [[YOTT 1086|1086]] [[Oromë]] returns to [[Valinor]] 
* [[YOTT 1090|1090]] [[Valar]] make war on [[Morgoth]] 
* [[YOTT 1092|1092]] Siege of [[Utumno]] begins 
* [[YOTT 1099|1099]] Siege of [[Utumno]] ends 
* [[YOTT 1100|1100]] [[Morgoth]] chained with [[Angainor]] 
* [[YOTT 1101|1101]] [[Elves]] summoned to [[Valinor]] 
* [[YOTT 1102|1102]] Ambassadors arrive in [[Valinor]] 
* [[YOTT 1104|1104]] Ambassadors return to [[Cuiviénen]] 
* [[YOTT 1105|1105]] 1st Sundering of the [[Elves]] at [[Cuiviénen]] 
* [[YOTT 1115|1115]] 2nd Sundering of the [[Elves]] at the [[Misty Mountains]] 
* [[YOTT 1125|1125]] [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] enter [[Beleriand]] 
* [[YOTT 1128|1128]] [[Teleri]] enter [[Beleriand]] 
* [[YOTT 1130|1130]] [[Elwë]] meets [[Melian]] 
* [[YOTT 1132|1132]] [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] embark on [[Tol Eressëa]] 
* [[YOTT 1133|1133]] [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] enter [[Valinor]] 
* [[YOTT 1140|1140]] [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] found [[Tirion]] 
* [[YOTT 1142|1142]] [[Galathilion|White Tree]] given to [[Noldor]] 
* [[YOTT 1147|1147]] [[Ingwë]] removes himself to [[Taniquetil]] 
* [[YOTT 1149|1149]] [[Ossë]] teaches the [[Teleri]] shipcraft 
* [[YOTT 1150|1150]] Most [[Teleri]] embark upon [[Tol Eressëa]] 
* [[YOTT 1151|1151]] The [[Teleri]] choose to remain on [[Tol Eressëa]] 
* [[YOTT 1152|1152]] [[Elwë]] becomes King of Elves in [[Beleriand]] 
* [[YOTT 1161|1161]] [[Teleri]] have [[Tol Eressëa]] draw near to [[Valinor]] 
* [[YOTT 1162|1162]] [[Teleri]] found [[Alqualondë]] 
* [[YOTT 1165|1165]] [[Vanyar]] move to [[Taniquetil]] 
* [[YOTT 1169|1169]] [[Fëanor]] born 
* [[YOTT 1170|1170]] Death of [[Míriel Serindë]] 
* [[YOTT 1172|1172]] Doom of [[Manwë]] 
* [[YOTT 1185|1185]] [[Finwë]] weds [[Indis]] 
* [[YOTT 1190|1190]] [[Fingolfin]] born 
* [[YOTT 1200|1200]] [[Lúthien]] born 
* [[YOTT 1230|1230]] [[Finarfin]] born 
* [[YOTT 1250|1250]] [[Fëanor]] creates the [[Cirth]], [[Dwarves]] enter [[Beleriand]] 
* [[YOTT 1280|1280]] [[Finarfin]] weds [[Eärwen]], [[Fingon]] born 
* [[YOTT 1300|1300]] [[Turgon of Gondolin|Turgon]] born, [[Finrod Felagund|Finrod]] born. [[Menegroth]] constructed. [[Daeron]] creates the [[Cirth|Certhas Daeron]] 
* [[YOTT 1330|1330]] [[Orcs]] first seen in [[Beleriand]] 
* [[YOTT 1350|1350]] [[Laiquendi|Green Elves]] enter [[Beleriand]] 
* [[YOTT 1362|1362]] [[Galadriel]] born, [[Aredhel]] born 
* [[YOTT 1400|1400]] [[Morgoth]] released from bondage 
* [[YOTT 1410|1410]] [[Morgoth]] befriends the [[Noldor]] 
* [[YOTT 1449|1449]] [[Fëanor]] begins constructing the [[Silmarils]] 
* [[YOTT 1450|1450]] [[Fëanor]] completes the [[Silmarils]] 
* [[YOTT 1469|1469]] [[Idril]] born 
* [[YOTT 1490|1490]] [[Fëanor]] banned from [[Tirion]] 
* [[YOTT 1492|1492]] [[Morgoth]] slays [[Finwë]] and steals the [[Silmarils]] 
* [[YOTT 1495|1495]] [[Morgoth]] destroys the [[Two Trees]]. [[First Kinslaying|First Kinslaying at Alqualondë]] 
* [[YOTT 1496|1496]] [[Doom of Mandos]] 
* [[YOTT 1497|1497]] [[Fëanor]] and sons enters [[Beleriand]]. Death of [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]]. Burning of the ships at [[Losgar]], death of [[Amras]] 
* [[YOTT 1498|1498]] [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle Under the Stars"), death of [[Fëanor]], [[Maedhros]] captured 
* [[YOTT 1499|1499]] [[Maedhros]] imprisoned upon [[Thangorodrim]] 
* [[YOTT 1500|1500]] Creation of [[Moon]] and [[Sun]]. Host of [[Noldor]] enter [[Beleriand]] under [[Fingolfin]]. [[Battle of the Lammoth]], death of [[Argon]]

== The [[First Age]] ==
* [[First Age 1|1]] [[Men]] awake in [[Hildórien]] 
* [[First Age 2|2]] [[Fingolfin]] camps beside [[Lake Mithrim]] 
* [[First Age 5|5]] [[Fingon]] rescues [[Maedhros]] from [[Thangorodrim]], [[Fingolfin]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]] 
* [[First Age 6|6]] [[Thingol]] grants permission for the [[Noldor]] to occupy the [[Northlands of Middle-earth|Northlands]] 
* [[First Age 20|20]] The [[Mereth Aderthad|Feast of Mereth Aderthad]] 
* [[First Age 50|50]] [[Ulmo]] grants visions of hidden places to [[Finrod Felagund|Finrod]] and [[Turgon of Gondolin|Turgon]] 
* [[First Age 52|52]] [[Nargothrond]] discovered by [[Finrod Felagund|Finrod]], [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]] constructed 
* [[First Age 53|53]] Hidden valley of [[Tumladen]] discovered by [[Turgon of Gondolin|Turgon]] 
* [[First Age 60|60]] [[Dagor Aglareb]] ("The Glorious Battle"), [[Siege of Angband]] begins 
* [[First Age 64|64]] [[Turgon of Gondolin|Turgon]] removes his people from [[Nevrast]] to [[Tumladen]], construction of [[Gondolin]] 
* [[First Age 65|65]] [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] constructed 
* [[First Age 66|66]] [[Thingol]] learns of the [[Silmarils]] from [[Galadriel]] 
* [[First Age 67|67]] [[Thingol]] learns of the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]], [[Quenya]] forbidden in [[Beleriand]] 
* [[First Age 102|102]] [[Nargothrond]] completed 
* 116 [[Gondolin]] completed 
* 150 [[Caranthir]] meets with the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]] 
* 155 [[Orcs]] attack [[Hithlum]] 
* 260 [[Glaurung]] defeated, [[Long Peace]] begins 
* 262 [[Bëor]] born 
* 282 [[Marach]] born 
* 289 [[Baran]] born 
* 292 [[Belen]] born 
* 307 [[Malach]] born 
* 310 Men of the [[House of Bëor]] enter [[Beleriand]] and are discovered by [[Finrod Felagund|Finrod]]. [[Imlach]] born 
* 311 The [[Haladin]] enter [[Beleriand]] 
* 313 [[Marach]] enters [[Beleriand]] 
* 315 [[Haldad]] born, [[Boron]] born 
* 316 [[Beldir]] born, [[Aredhel]] leaves [[Gondolin]] and weds [[Eöl]] 
* 317 [[Baranor son of Baran|Baranor]] born 
* 320 [[Maeglin]] born 
* 322 [[Malach]] settles in [[Hithlum]] 
* 336 [[Malach]] leaves [[Hithlum]] 
* 337 [[Amlach]] born, [[Malach]] weds [[Zimrahin]] 
* 338 [[Boromir of Ladros|Boromir]] born 
* 339 [[Adanel]] born, [[Belemir]] born 
* 340 [[Bereg]] born, [[Belegor]] born 
* 341 [[Magor]] born, [[Haleth]] and [[Haldar]] born 
* 344 [[Saelind]] born 
* 355 Death of [[Bëor]] 
* 359 [[Bregor]] born 
* 361 [[Andreth]] born 
* 365 [[Hathol]] born, [[Beril]] born, [[Bereg]] returns to [[Eriador]] 
* 366 [[Hardan]] born 
* 374 [[Beren son of Belemir|Beren]] born 
* 375 Deaths of [[Haldad]] and [[Haldar]] 
* 376 Death of [[Marach]] 
* 380 Death of [[Baran]] 
* 386 [[Bregil]] born 
* 389 [[Hirwen]] born 
* 390 [[Hador Lórindol|Hador]] born, [[Halmir]] born 
* 397 [[Gilwen]] born 
* 398 Death of [[Malach]] 
* 400 [[Bregolas]] born, [[Aredhel]] and [[Maeglin]] return to [[Gondolin]]. Deaths of [[Aredhel]] and [[Eöl]] 
* 402 [[Barahir son of Bregor|Barahir]] born. Battle of [[Aglon]] Pass 
* 404 [[Hiril]] born 
* 406 [[Emeldir]] born 
* 408 Death of [[Boron]] 
* 409 [[Brandir]] born, Conversation of [[Finrod Felagund|Finrod]] and [[Andreth]] 
* 411 [[Beldis]] born 
* 414 [[Haldir of the Haladin|Haldir]] born 
* 415 [[Glóredhel]] born 
* 417 [[Galdor of Dor-lómin|Galdor]] born, [[Beleth]] born 
* 418 [[Hundar]] born 
* 419 [[Gundor]] born 
* 420 Death of [[Haleth]]. [[Hareth]] born. [[Hador]] dwells in [[Hithlum]] 
* 422 [[Forest of Brethil]] given to the [[House of Haleth]] 
* 423 The [[House of Hador]] is given the lands of [[Dor-lómin]] to dwell in 
* 424 [[Baragund]] born 
* 428 [[Belegund]] born 
* 432 [[Beren Erchamion]] born, Death of [[Boromir of Ladros|Boromir]] 
* 436 [[Galdor of Dor-lómin|Galdor]] weds [[Hareth]] 
* 441 [[Húrin Thalion|Húrin]] born, [[Handir]] born 
* 443 [[Morwen Eledhwen|Morwen]] born, [[Hunleth]] born 
* 444 [[Huor]] born 
* 447 [[Hundad]] born 
* 448 Death of [[Bregor]] 
* 450 [[Rían]] born 
* 451 Death of [[Hardan]] 
* 455 [[Morgoth]] breaks the [[Siege of Angband]], [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame"): deaths of [[Fingolfin]], [[Hador]], [[Gundor]], and [[Bregolas]], [[Fingon]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]], [[Gil-galad]] sent to the [[Falas]], [[Húrin Thalion|Húrin]] and [[Huor]] enter [[Gondolin]] 
* 457 [[Sauron]] captures [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]], [[Húrin Thalion|Húrin]] and [[Huor]] depart [[Gondolin]]. [[Barahir son of Bregor|Barahir]] and his outlaws in [[Dorthonion]], [[Orcs]] defeated in the [[Forest of Brethil]], [[Húrin Thalion|Húrin]] and [[Huor]] leave [[Gondolin]] 
* 460 Deaths of [[Barahir son of Bregor|Barahir]], [[Belegund]], [[Baragund]], and all the outlaws save [[Beren Erchamion]] 
* 462 Death of [[Galdor of Dor-lómin|Galdor]]. [[Orcs]] invade [[Beleriand]] 
* 463 [[Easterlings]] swear false loyalty to [[Maedhros]] 
* 464 [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] born. [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] leaves [[Dorthonion]], meets [[Lúthien]] 
* 465 [[Brandir]] born. [[Quest for the Silmaril]]. Death of [[Finrod Felagund|Finrod]] 
* 466 [[Lalaith, daughter of Húrin|Lalaith]] born. [[Silmaril]] taken from [[Morgoth]]. First death of [[Beren Erchamion]] 
* 467 First death of [[Lúthien]]. Lúthien sings [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] back from [[Mandos]] 
* 468 [[Hunthor]] born, [[Thingol]] refuses to join the [[Union of Maedhros]] 
* 469 Death of [[Lalaith, daughter of Húrin|Lalaith]]. [[Orcs]] driven from [[Beleriand]]. [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] return to [[Middle-earth]] 
* 470 [[Dior Eluchíl|Dior]] born 
* 471 [[Harathor]] born, Death of [[Halmir]], [[Huor]] weds [[Rían]] 
* 472 [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), [[Year of Lamentation]]. [[Tuor]] born. Deaths of [[Fingon]], [[Huor]], [[Glóredhel]], [[Azaghal]], [[Haldir of the Haladin|Haldir]], [[Hundar]] and [[Rían]]. [[Turgon of Gondolin|Turgon]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]] 
* 471 [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] meets [[Beleg]] and wears the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]] 
* 473 [[Nienor]] born, [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] sent to [[Doriath]]. Fall of the [[Falas]], [[Havens of Sirion]] constructed 
* 482 [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] and [[Beleg]] in [[Doriath]] 
* 484 Death of [[Saeros]], [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] leaves [[Doriath]] 
* 487 [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] an outlaw on [[Amon Rûdh]] 
* 488 [[Tuor]] enslaved 
* 489 [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] and [[Beleg]] on [[Amon Rûdh]], Death of [[Beleg]] 
* 490 [[Gwindor]] leads [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] to [[Nargothrond]], [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] becomes captain of [[Nargothrond]] 
* 491 [[Tuor]] escapes and becomes an outlaw 
* 494 [[Morwen Eledhwen|Morwen]] and [[Nienor]] flee to [[Doriath]] 
* 495 [[Battle of the Crossings of Taeglin]], [[Battle of Tumhalad]], [[Tuor]] comes to [[Nevrast]]. [[Sack of Nargothrond]] by [[Glaurung]]. Deaths of [[Finduilas of Nargothrond|Finduilas]], [[Orodreth of Nargothrond|Orodreth]], [[Gwindor]], and [[Handir]] 
* 496 [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] comes to [[Brethil]], [[Tuor]] comes to [[Gondolin]], [[Nienor]] loses memory and is given the name [[Níniel]] 
* 497 [[Dior Eluchíl|Dior]] weds [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]] 
* 498 [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] weds [[Níniel]] 
* 499 Deaths of [[Glaurung]], [[Brandir]], [[Hunthor]], [[Nienor Níniel]] and [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]] 
* 500 [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]] born. Release of [[Húrin Thalion|Húrin]]. Death of [[Morwen Eledhwen|Morwen]] 
* 501 [[Húrin Thalion|Húrin]] comes to [[Doriath]], Death of [[Húrin Thalion|Húrin]] 
* 502 [[Dwarves]] craft the [[Nauglamír]] 
* 503 [[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]] born, [[Elwing]] born. [[Sack of Doriath]], death of [[Thingol]], [[Melian]] returns to [[Valinor]]. [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]]. [[Tuor]] weds [[Idril Celebrindal]]. Final deaths of [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]. [[Dior Eluchíl|Dior]] receives the [[Nauglamír]] and [[Silmaril]] 
* 504 [[Dior Eluchíl|Dior]] returns to [[Doriath]] 
* 505 Demand made for the [[Silmaril]] 
* 506 [[Second Kinslaying]] at [[Menegroth]]. Deaths of [[Dior Eluchíl|Dior]], [[Celegorm]], [[Curufin]], and [[Caranthir]]. [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]] abandoned to die. [[Elwing]] comes to the [[Havens of Sirion]] with the [[Silmaril]] 
* 509 [[Maeglin]] captured and tortured 
* 510 [[Fall of Gondolin]]. Deaths of [[Turgon of Gondolin|Turgon]], [[Ecthelion of the Fountain|Ecthelion]], [[Glorfindel of Gondolin|Glorfindel]], [[Maeglin]], and [[Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs]]. [[Ereinion Gil-galad]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]] 
* 511 [[Gondolin]] refugees arrive at the [[Havens of Sirion]] 
* 512 [[Maedhros]] learns a [[Silmaril]] is at the [[Havens of Sirion]], but forswears [[Oath of Fëanor]] 
* 525 [[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]] weds [[Elwing]], [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] depart for [[Valinor]] 
* 532 [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]] born 
* 534 [[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]] searchs for [[Valinor]] 
* 538 [[Third Kinslaying]] at the [[Havens of Sirion]]. Death of [[Amrod]] 
* 540 [[Morgoth]] controls all of [[Beleriand]] 
* 542 [[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]] come to [[Valinor]] 
* 543 [[Teleri]] build great ships for the [[Host of Valinor]] 
* 545 [[Host of Valinor]] lands in [[Beleriand]] 
* 587 Destruction of [[Beleriand]], death of [[Ancalagon]]. Death of [[Maedhros]] 
* 590 [[Morgoth]] thrust from [[Arda]]. [[Host of Valinor]] departs [[Middle-earth]]

== The Second Age ==
* [[Second Age 1|1]] Foundation of the [[Grey Havens]], and of [[Lindon]]
* 30 [[Númenor]] is raised 
* [[Second Age 32|32]] [[Edain]] and a few [[Drúedain]] reach [[Númenor]], [[Elros Tar-Minyatur]] takes [[Sceptre of Númenor]], Sapling of the [[Celeborn, White Tree|White Tree]] planted in [[Armenelos]] 
* [[Second Age 40|40]] [[Dwarves]] of the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]] clans migrate to [[Khazad-dûm]] from [[Blue Mountains]] 
* 61 [[Vardamir Nólimon]] born 
* 82 The emigration to [[Númenor]] ends 
* 192 [[Amandil of Númenor|Amandil]] born 
* 350 [[Amroth]] born 
* 400 [[Celebrían]] born, [[Celebrimbor]] creates the second [[Elessar of Eärendil|Elessar]] for [[Galadriel]] 
* [[Second Age 442|442]] Death of [[Elros Tar-Minyatur]] 
* 443 [[Vardamir Nólimon]] as [[Tar-Vardamir]] takes [[Sceptre of Númenor]], later [[Tar-Amandil]] takes Sceptre 
* 471 Death of [[Tar-Vardamir]] 
* [[Second Age 500|500]] [[Sauron]] stirs in the East, [[Ereinion Gil-galad]] perceives a new [[Shadow]] 
* 521 Birth of [[Silmariën]] 
* 543 [[Meneldur]] born 
* [[Second Age 548|548]] [[Silmarien]] born
* 590 [[Tar-Elendil]] takes Sceptre 
* [[Second Age 600|600]] [[Númenóreans]] first return to [[Middle-earth]] under [[Vëantur]], Meeting on the [[Tower Hills]] takes place 
* 603 Death of [[Tar-Amandil]] 
* 700 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] born, Eregion founded by [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]] 
* 725 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] makes first journey to [[Mithlond]] in [[Númerrámar]] 
* 727 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] returns to [[Númenor]] 
* 730 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] second journey to [[Mithlond]] 
* 733 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] returns to [[Númenor]] 
* 735 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] third journey to [[Mithlond]], carrying a [[mallorn]] seed 
* 739 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] returns bearing gifts from [[Ereinion Gil-galad]] 
* 740 [[Tar-Meneldur]] takes the Sceptre 
* [[Second Age 750|750]] [[Ost-in-Edhil]] constructed, [[Guild of Venturers]] formed by [[Anardil]] 
* 771 [[Erendis]] born, [[Vinyalondë]] constructed, [[Anardil]] perceives the growing [[Shadow]] 
* 800 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] proclaimed King's Heir at 100 years-old, as is customary 
* 806 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]]'s seven year voyage 
* 813 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] returns to [[Númenor]], Construction begun on [[Palarran]] 
* 816 [[Palarran]] completed, [[Anardil]]'s four year voyage 
* 820 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] returns to [[Númenor]], [[Tar-Meneldur]] rescinds [[Anardil]]'s authority 
* 824 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]]'s five year voyage 
* 829 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] returns and immediately sets out upon his fourteen year voyage 
* 843 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] returns to [[Númenor]], [[Tar-Meneldur]] restores authority 
* 844 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] finds [[Erendis]] and asks for bethrothal, and is denied 
* 850 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] and [[Erendis]] sail to [[Andúnië]], [[Calmindon]] constructed 
* 858 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] is betrothed to [[Erendis]], The [[Star-Jewel]] as crown is created 
* 861 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] and [[Erendis]] forswear wedding until his return 
* 863 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]]'s six year voyage 
* 869 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] returns to [[Númenor]], First shadow appears on sailing to [[Middle-earth]] 
* 870 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] and [[Erendis]] wed 
* 871 A second Sapling of the [[Nimloth of Númenor|White Tree]] planted in [[Armenelos]] in [[Anardil]]'s house 
* 873 [[Ancalimë]] born 
* 874 [[Anardil of Númenor|Anardil]] becomes known by the name of [[Aldarion]] 
* 875 Construction begins on [[Hirilonde]] 
* 877 [[Hirilondë]] completed, [[Aldarion]]'s second five year voyage 
* 880 [[Ancalimë]] learns her father is Lord [[Aldarion]] 
* 882 [[Aldarion]] returns. Seperation of [[Aldarion]] and [[Erendis]] 
* 883 [[Tar-Aldarion]] takes Sceptre 
* 884 [[Tar-Aldarion]] returns to [[Mithlond]] 
* 892 [[Ancalimë]] proclaimed King's Heir and changes law of marriage 
* 942 Death of [[Meneldur]] 
* 985 Drowning of [[Erendis]] 
* [[Second Age 1000|1,000]] [[Sauron]] begins construction on [[Barad-dûr]], [[Ancalime]] weds [[Hallacar]] 
* 1,003 [[Tar-Anárion|Anárion]] born 
* [[Second Age 1075|1,075]] Queen [[Tar-Ancalimë]] takes Sceptre 
* 1,098 Death of [[Tar-Aldarion]] 
* 1,174 [[Súrion]] born 
* [[Second Age 1200|1,200]] [[Gil-galad]] turns away [[Annatar]], [[Númenóreans]] begin to construct permanent havens 
* 1,280 [[Tar-Anárion]] takes Sceptre 
* 1,285 Death of [[Ancalimë]] 
* 1,320 [[Tar-Telperiën|Telperiën]] born 
* 1,350 [[Sauron]] incites [[Celebrimbor]] to revolt against [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]] 
* 1,394 [[Tar-Súrion]] takes Sceptre 
* 1,400 [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]] come to [[Laurelindórenan]] 
* 1,404 Death of [[Tar-Anárion]] 
* 1,474 [[Minastir]] born 
* [[Second Age 1500|1,500]] The [[Rings of Power]] are constructed, [[Sauron]] departs [[Eregion]] 
* 1,556 Queen [[Tar-Telperiën]] takes Sceptre 
* 1,574 Death of [[Tar-Súrion]] 
* [[Second Age 1590|1,590]] The Three are constructed 
* [[Second Age 1600|1,600]] The One is forged, [[Barad-dûr]] completed, [[Sauron]] openly proclaims himself 
* 1,634 [[Tar-Ciryatan|Ciryatan]] born 
* [[Second Age 1693|1,693]] The Three are hidden, [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] begins 
* [[Second Age 1695|1,695]] [[Sauron]] invades [[Eriador]] 
* [[Second Age 1697|1,697]] [[Sack of Eregion]], Death of [[Celebrimbor]], [[Rivendell]] founded, [[Dwarves]] assail [[Sauron]] from behind, [[Khazad-dûm]] closed 
* [[Second Age 1699|1,699]] [[Sauron]] overruns [[Eriador]] 
* [[Second Age 1700|1,700]] Defeat of [[Sauron]] by the [[Númenóreans]] under King's Heir [[Minastir]] 
* [[Second Age 1701|1,701]] [[Sauron]] driven from [[Eriador]], First [[White Council]] held, [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]] depart for [[Belfalas]] 
* 1,731 Death of [[Tar-Telperiën]], [[Tar-Minastir]] takes Sceptre 
* [[Second Age 1800|1,800]] [[Tar-Atanamir|Atanamir]] born, [[Lond Daer|Lond Daer Enedh]] constructed 
* 1,869 [[Tar-Ciryatan]] takes Sceptre 
* 1,873 Death of [[Tar-Minastir]] 
* 1,900 First shadow falls on [[Númenor]] from greed of [[Tar-Ciryatan]] 
* 1,986 [[Tar-Ancalimon]] born 
* 2,029 [[Tar-Atanamir]] takes Sceptre 
* 2,032 Ban of the [[Valar]] is questioned, [[Eagles]] abandon [[King's Tower]] in [[Armenelos]] 
* 2,035 Death of [[Tar-Ciryatan]] 
* 2,136 [[Tar-Telemmaitë|Telemmaitë]] born 
* 2,221 Death of [[Tar-Atanamir]], [[Tar-Ancalimon]] takes Sceptre 
* [[Second Age 2350|2,350]] [[Pelargir]] is built. It becomes the chief haven of the [[Faithful]] [[Númenoreans]]
* [[Second Age 2251|2,251]] [[Elves|Elven]] tongue is forsworn in [[Númenor]] by [[King's Men]], [[Nazgûl]] appear 
* 2,277 [[Tar-Vanimeldë|Vanimeldë]] born 
* [[Second Age 2280|2,280]] [[Haven of Umbar]] founded 
* 2,286 [[Herucalmo]] born 
* 2,386 Death of [[Tar-Ancalimon]], [[Tar-Telemmaitë]] takes Sceptre 
* 2,406 [[Tar-Alcarin|Alcarin]] born 
* 2,450 [[Pelargir]] founded 
* 2,526 Death of [[Tar-Telemmaitë]], Queen [[Tar-Vanimeldë]] takes Sceptre 
* 2,618 [[Ar-Abattârik|Ardamin]] born 
* 2,637 Death of [[Tar-Vanimeldë]], [[Herucalmo]] as [[Tar-Anducal]] seizes Sceptre 
* 2,657 Death of [[Tar-Anducal]], [[Tar-Alcarin]] takes Sceptre 
* 2,709 [[Adûnakhôr]] born 
* 2,737 Death of [[Tar-Alcarin]], [[Ar-Belzagar]] takes Sceptre 
* 2,798 [[Ar-Zimrathôn|Zimrathôn]] born, [[Sauron]] withdraws from the shores 
* 2,825 Death of [[Ar-Belzagar]], Ardamin as [[Ar-Abattârik]] takes Sceptre 
* 2,876 [[Ar-Sakalthôr|Sakalthôr]] born 
* [[Second Age 2899|2,899]] Death of [[Ar-Abattârik]], [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]] takes Sceptre 
* 2,960 [[Ar-Gimilzôr|Gimilzôr]] born, [[Elves|Elven]] tongue abandoned in [[Númenor]] 
* 2,962 Death of [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]], [[Ar-Zimrathôn]] takes Sceptre 
* 3,033 Death of [[Ar-Zimrathôn]], [[Ar-Sakalthôr]] takes Sceptre 
* 3,044 [[Gimilkhâd]] born 
* 3,102 Death of [[Ar-Sakalthôr]], [[Ar-Gimilzôr]] takes Sceptre 
* 3,117 [[Tar-Míriel|Míriel]] ([[Inzilbêth]]) born, [[Elves]] no longer permitted entrance to [[Númenor]], Elven tongue forbidden in [[Númenor]] 
* 3,118 [[Pharazôn]] born 
* 3,119 [[Elendil]] born 
* [[Second Age 3175|3,175]] Death of [[Ar-Gimilzôr]], [[Tar-Palantir]] takes Sceptre, [[Civil War in Númenor]], [[Prophecy of the White Tree]] given 
* 3,209 [[Isildur]] born 
* 3,219 [[Anárion son of Elendil|Anárion]] born 
* 3,243 Death of [[Gimilkhâd]] 
* [[Second Age 3255|3,255]] Death of [[Tar-Palantir]], [[Ar-Pharazôn]] seizes Sceptre 
* [[Second Age 3261|3,261]] [[Ar-Pharazôn]] lands at the [[Haven of Umbar]] 
* [[Second Age 3262|3,262]] [[Sauron]] taken to [[Númenor]] as prisoner 
* 3,299 [[Elendur, son of Isildur|Elendur]] born 
* [[Second Age 3310|3,310]] The [[Great Armament]] begins construction, [[Amandil of Andúnië|Amandil]] sails to [[Aman]] 
* 3,318 [[Meneldil]] born 
* [[Second Age 3319|3,319]] [[Downfall of Númenor]], Deaths of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] and [[Tar-Míriel|Míriel]] 
* [[Second Age 3320|3,320]] [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] founded 
* 3,339 [[Aratan]] born 
* 3,379 [[Ciryon]] born 
* 3,399 [[Cemendur of Gondor|Cemendur]] born 
* [[Second Age 3429|3,429]] [[Sauron]] takes [[Minas Ithil]] 
* [[Second Age 3430|3,430]] [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] formed, [[Valandil]] born 
* [[Second Age 3431|3,431]] [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] marches to [[Imladris]] 
* [[Second Age 3434|3,434]] [[Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Siege of Barad-dur]], deaths of [[Amdir]], [[Oropher]] and [[Malgalad]] 
* [[Second Age 3440|3.440]] Death of [[Anárion son of Elendil|Anárion]] 
* [[Second Age 3441|3,441]] Deaths of [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]], defeat of [[Sauron]]

== The Third Age ==

* 1 [[Isildur]] builds the [[Tomb of Elendil]] on [[Amon Anwar]] 
* 2 [[Isildur]] slain at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. The [[One Ring]] is lost. 
* 3 [[Ohtar]] brings [[Shards of Narsil]] to [[Imladris]] 
* 10 [[Valandil of Arnor|Valandil]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 48 [[Eärendil of Gondor|Eärendil]] born 
* 87 [[Eldacar of Arnor|Eldacar]] born 
* 109 [[Elrond]] and [[Celebrían]] wed 
* 130 [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] born 
* 136 [[Anardil of Gondor|Anardil]] born 
* 158 Death of [[Meneldil]], [[Cemendur of Gondor|Cemendur]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 185 [[Arantar]] born 
* 222 [[Ostoher]] born 
* 238 Death of [[Cemendur of Gondor|Cemendur]], [[Eärendil of Gondor|Eärendil]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 241 [[Arwen Undomiel]] born 
* 249 Death of Valandil, [[Eldacar of Arnor|Eldacar]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 280 [[Tarcil]] born 
* 310 [[Tarostar]] born 
* 324 Death of [[Eärendil of Gondor|Eärendil]], [[Anardil]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 339 Death of [[Eldacar of Arnor|Eldacar]], [[Arantar]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 372 [[Tarondor]] born 
* 397 [[Turambar]] born 
* 411 Death of [[Anardil]], [[Ostoher]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 420 Ostoher rebuilds [[Minas Anor]] 
* 435 Death of [[Arantar]], [[Tarcil]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 462 [[Valandur]] born 
* 480 [[Atanatar]] I born 
* 490 First invasion of [[Easterlings]]
* 492 Death of [[Ostoher]], [[Tarostar]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 500 [[Romendacil I]] defeats the Easterlings
* 515 Death of [[Tarcil]], [[Tarondor]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 541 Death of [[Tarostar]] (Romendacil I), [[Turambar]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 552 [[Elendur]] born 
* 570 [[Siriondil]] born 
* 602 Death of [[Tarondor]], [[Valandur]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 640 [[Earendur]] born 
* 654 [[Tarannon]] born 
* 662 Death of [[Valandur]], [[Elendur]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 667 Death of [[Turambar]], [[Atanatar I]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 726 [[Amlaith]] born 
* 736 [[Earnil I]] born 
* 748 Death of [[Atanatar I]], [[Siriondil]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 777 Death of [[Elendur]], [[Earendur]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 811 [[Beleg]] born 
* 820 [[Ciryandil]] born 
* 830 Death of [[Siriondil]], [[Tarannon]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] [[Falastur]] begins the line of [[Ship-kings]] of [[Gondor]]
* 861 Death of [[Earendur]], [[Division of Arnor]] into [[Arthedain]], [[Rhudaur]], and [[Cardolan]], [[Amlaith]] becomes [[King of Arthedain]] 
* 895 [[Mallor]] born 
* 899 [[Ciryaher]] born 
* 913 Death of [[Tarannon]] ([[Falastur]]), [[Earnil I]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 933 [[Haven of Umbar]] seized by [[Earnil I]] 
* 936 Drowning of [[Earnil I]], [[Ciryandil]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 946 Death of [[Amlaith]], [[Beleg]] becomes [[King of Arthedain]] 
* 977 [[Atanatar II Alcarin]] born 
* 979 [[Celepharn]] born 
* 1,000 The [[Istari]] appear 
* 1,015 Death of [[Ciryandil]]. [[Ciryaher]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,029 Death of [[Beleg]]. [[Mallor]] becomes [[King of Arthedain]] 
* 1,049 [[Narmacil I]] born 
* 1,050 [[Harad]] acknowledges Overlordship of [[Gondor]]. Gondor reaches the height of its power. The [[Harfoots]] enter [[Eriador]] 
* 1,058 [[Calmacil]] born 
* 1,062 [[Celebrindor]] born 
* 1,100 [[The Wise]] discover an evil power at [[Dol Guldur]] 
* 1,110 Death of [[Mallor]]. [[Celepharn]] becomes [[King of Arthedain]]. [[Greenwood the Great]] renamed [[Mirkwood]] 
* 1,126 [[Minalcar]] born (will becomes [[Romendacil II]]) 
* 1,144 [[Malvegil]] born 
* 1,149 Death of [[Ciryaher]] ([[Hyarmendacil I]]), [[Atanatar II Alcarin]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,150 The [[Fallohides]] and [[Stoors]] enter [[Eriador]] 
* 1,191 Death of [[Celepharn]]. [[Celebrindor]] becomes [[King of Arthedain]] 
* 1,194 [[Valacar]] born 
* 1,226 [[Argeleb I]] born, Death of [[Atanatar II Alcarin]], [[Narmacil I]] takes sceptre of [[Gondor]] 
* 1,254 [[Valacar]] weds [[Galadwen]] (daughter of [[Vidugavia]]) 
* 1,255 [[Vinitharya]] ([[Eldacar]]) born 
* 1,259 [[Castamir]] born 
* 1,260 [[Valacar]] recalled from [[Rhovanion]] 
* 1,272 Death of [[Celebrindor]]. [[Malvegil]] becomes [[King of Arthedain]] 
* 1,294 Death of [[Narmacil I]], [[Calmacil]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,300 The [[Nazgul]] reappear, the [[Witch-king]] founds the [[Angmar|Kingdom of Angmar]] orcs increase in the [[Misty Mountains]] and attack the Dwarves
* 1,304 Death of [[Calmacil]]. [[Romendacil II]] becomes [[King of Gondor]], breaks the [[Tradition of Isildur]] 
* 1,309 [[Arveleg I]] born, [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]] destroyed 
* 1,330 [[Aldamir]] born 
* 1,344 Death of [[Galadwen]] 
* 1,349 Death of [[Malvegil]], [[Argeleb I]] becomes [[King of Arnor]], 
* 1,356 Death of [[Argeleb I]], [[Arveleg I]] becomes [[King of Arnor]], Some [[Stoors]] return to the [[Gladden Fields]] 
* 1,366 Death of [[Romendacil II]], [[Valacar]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,391 [[Araphor]] born, [[Vinyarion]] born 
* 1,409 The Witch-king invades [[Arnor]], Death of [[Arveleg I]]. [[Araphor]] becomes [[King of Arnor]], Destruction of [[Amon Sûl]] 
* 1,432 Death of [[Valacar]], [[Eldacar]] ([[Vinitharya]]) becomes [[King of Gondor]]. [[Kin-Strife]] begins in [[Gondor]] 
* 1,437 [[Eldacar]] deposed by [[Castamir]]. [[Osgiliath Stone]] lost in [[Anduin]] 
* 1,446 Death of [[Ornendil]] 
* 1,447 Death of [[Castamir]]. [[Eldacar]] regains kingship of [[Gondor]]. [[Battle of Erui]], Siege of [[Pelargir]] 
* 1,448 Rebels of [[Castamir]] seize the Haven of [[Umbar]] 
* 1,454 [[Minardil]] born 
* 1,473 [[Argeleb II]] born 
* 1,490 Death of [[Eldacar]]. [[Aldamir]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,516 [[Telemnar]] born 
* 1,540 Death of [[Aldamir]]. [[Vinyarion]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,551 [[Vinyarion]] assumes name of [[Hyarmendacil II]] 
* 1,553 [[Arvegil]] born 
* 1,577 [[Tarondor]] born 
* 1,589 Death of [[Araphor]], [[Argeleb II]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 1,601 Creation of the [[Shire]] 
* 1,621 Death of [[Hyarmendacil II]]. [[Minardil]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,630 [[Stoors]] from [[Dunland]] settle in the [[Shire]] 
* 1,632 [[Telumehtar]] born 
* 1,633 [[Arveleg II]] born 
* 1,634 Death of [[Minardil]]. [[Telemnar]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,635 [[Plague]] hits [[Rhovanion]] 
* 1,636 Death of [[Telemnar]], The [[White Tree]] withers and dies, [[Barrow-wights]] inhabit [[Tyrn Gorthad]], [[Tarondor]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,640 Capitol is moved to [[Minas Anor]], [[Osgiliath]] in ruins, [[Mordor]] left unguarded, [[Seedling of the White Tree]] is planted in [[Minas Anor]] 
* 1,670 Death of [[Argeleb II]]. [[Arvegil]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 1,684 [[Narmacil II]] born 
* 1,711 [[Araval]] born 
* 1,731 [[Durin VI]] born 
* 1,736 [[Calimehtar]] born 
* 1,743 Death of [[Arvegil]]. [[Arveleg II]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 1,787 [[Ondoher]] born 
* 1,789 [[Araphant]] born 
* 1,798 Death of [[Tarondor]]. [[Telumehtar]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,810 [[Telumehtar]] conquers the [[Haven of Umbar]] and takes name of [[Umbardacil]] 
* 1,813 Death of [[Arveleg II]], [[Araval]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 1,832 [[Náin I]] born 
* 1,850 Death of [[Telumehtar]]. [[Narmacil II]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,851 [[Angmar]] temorarily defeated, easterlings attack [[Gondor]] 
* 1,856 Death of [[Narmacil II]], Loss of Eastern provinces of [[Gondor]]. [[Calimehtar]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,864 [[Arvedui]] born 
* 1,879 [[Pelendur]] born 
* 1,883 [[Earnil II]] born 
* 1,891 Death of [[Araval]], [[Araphant]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 1,896 [[Fíriel]] born 
* 1,899 Peace on [[Gondor]]'s eastern front as the [[Easterlings]] are defeated 
* 1,900 [[Calimehtar]] buils the [[White Tower]] in [[Minas Anor]] 
* 1,919 [[Vorondil]] born 
* 1,928 [[Eärnur]] born 
* 1,934 [[Thrain I]] born 
* 1,936 Death of [[Calimehtar]]. [[Ondoher]] becomes [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,938 [[Aranarth]] born, [[Vorondil]] creates the [[Horn of Araw]] 
* 1,940 [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] form an alliance, [[Arvedui]] weds [[Fíriel]] 
* 1,944 [[Wainriders|Wainrider]] attacks resume on [[Gondor]]'s eastern front, Deaths of [[Ondoher]], [[Artamir]], [[Faramir son of Ondohee|Faramir]] and [[Minohtar]]. [[Pelendur]] becomes interregnum Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]], [[Arvedui]] makes claim on sceptre of [[Gondor]] but is rejected
* 1,945 [[Earnil]] is chosen [[King of Gondor]] 
* 1,950 [[Imrazor]] born 
* 1,960 [[Mardil]] Voronwe born 
* 1,964 Death of [[Araphant]]. [[Arvedui]] becomes [[King of Arnor]] 
* 1,974 Destruction of the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] 
* 1,975 Drowning of [[Arvedui]] with two ''[[palantiri]]''. [[Angmar]] destroyed 
* 1,976 [[Aranarth]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 1,977 [[Frumgar]] drives remnant of [[Angmar]] army from the northern vales of [[Anduin]] 
* 1,979 [[Bucca of the Marish]] becomes first [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]] 
* 1,980 [[Nazgûl]] gather in [[Mordor]], [[Balrogs|Balrog]] awakes in [[Khazad-dûm]]. Death of [[Durin VI]], [[Náin I]] becomes [[King of Durin's folk]] 
* 1,981 Death of [[Náin I]]. [[Dwarves]] flee [[Moria]], Deaths of [[Amroth]] and [[Nimrodel]], [[Silvan Elves]] flee south, [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] return to [[Laurelindórinan]] 
* 1,998 Death of [[Pelendur]]. Stewardship of [[Gondor]] becomes hereditary 
* 1,999 [[Eradan]] born, [[Erebor]] founded, [[Arkenstone]] discovered 
* 2,000 [[Thrain I]] abandons [[Erebor]] for the [[Ered Mithrin]] 
* 2,002 Capture of [[Minas Ithil]] and it's ''[[palantir]]'', [[Minas Anor]] renamed [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]] 
* 2,004 [[Galador]] and [[Gilmith]] born 
* 2,012 [[Arahael]] born 
* 2,029 Death of [[Vorondil]] 
* 2,035 [[Thorin I]] born 
* 2,037 [[Herion]] born 
* 2,043 Death of [[Earnil II]], [[Eärnur]] becomes [[King of Gondor]]. [[Witch-king]] issues challenge to [[Eärnur]]. 
* 2,050 Second challenge issued to [[Eärnur]]. Death of [[Eärnur]]. [[Mardil]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,060 [[The Wise]] fear [[Sauron]] is active in [[Dol Guldur]] 
* 2,063 [[Sauron]] flees [[Dol Guldur]], The [[Watchful Peace]] begins 
* 2,074 [[Belegorn]] born 
* 2,076 Death of [[Imrazor]] 
* 2,080 Death of [[Mardil Voronwe]], [[Eradan]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,084 [[Aranuir]] born 
* 2,106 Death of [[Aranarth]], [[Arahael]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,116 Death of [[Eradan]], [[Herion]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,124 [[Hurin I]] born 
* 2,129 Death of [[Galador]] 
* 2,136 [[Glóin]] born 
* 2,148 Death of [[Herion]], [[Belegorn]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,156 [[Aravir]] born 
* 2,165 [[Turin I]] born 
* 2,177 Death of [[Arahael]], [[Aranuir]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,190 Death of [[Thrain I]] 
* 2,204 Death of [[Belegorn]], [[Hurin I]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,210 [[Thorin I]] goes to the [[Grey Mountains]] 
* 2,227 [[Aragorn I]] born 
* 2,238 [[Óin]] born 
* 2,244 Death of [[Hurin I]]. [[Turin I]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,245 [[Hador]] born 
* 2,247 Death of [[Aranuir]], [[Aravir]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,278 Death of [[Turin I]], [[Hador]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,289 Death of [[Thorin I]] 
* 2,290 [[Barahir]] born 
* 2,296 [[Araglas]] born 
* 2,319 Death of [[Aravir]], [[Aragorn I]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,327 Death of [[Aragorn I]], [[Araglas]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,328 [[Dior of Gondor|Dior]] born 
* 2,338 [[Náin II]] born 
* 2,340 [[Buckland]] is settled, [[Brandy Hall]] constructed 
* 2,365 [[Arahad I]] born 
* 2,375 [[Denethor I]] born 
* 2,385 Death of [[Glóin]] 
* 2,395 Death of [[Hador]], [[Barahir]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,410 [[Boromir]] born 
* 2,412 Death of [[Barahir]], [[Dior]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,431 [[Aragost]] born 
* 2,435 Death of [[Dior of Gondor|Dior]]. [[Denethor I]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,440 [[Dáin I]] born 
* 2,449 [[Cirion]] born 
* 2,450 [[Borin]] born 
* 2,455 Death of [[Araglas]]. [[Arahad I]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,460 [[Sauron]] returns to [[Dol Guldur]], The [[Watchful Peace]] ends 
* 2,463 Formation of the [[White Council]], The [[One Ring]] discovered by [[Déagol]] who is slain by [[Sméagol]] 
* 2,470 [[Sméagol]] hides in [[Goblin-town]] 
* 2,475 [[Boromir]] defends [[Osgiliath]] 
* 2,477 Death of [[Denethor I]], [[Boromir]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,480 [[Hallas]] born, [[Orcs]] make secret strongholds in the [[Misty Mountains]]. [[Sauron]] sends [[Orcs]] to [[Moria]] 
* 2,485 [[Eorl]] born 
* 2,488 Death of [[Óin]] 
* 2,489 Death of [[Boromir]]. [[Cirion]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of Gondor]] 
* 2,497 [[Aravorn]] born 
* 2,509 [[Celebrían]] poisioned by an [[Orcs|Orc]] wound 
* 2,510 [[Celebrían]] sails over sea. [[Oath of Cirion and Eorl]]. [[Calenardhon]] ceded to [[Eotheod]], [[Cirion]] moves the [[Tomb of Elendil]] to [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]] 
* 2,511 Construction begins on the [[Beacon Towers]], [[Eorl]] becomes [[King of Rohan]] 
* 2,512 [[Brego]] born 
* 2,515 [[Hurin II]] born 
* 2,523 Death of [[Arahad I]], [[Aragost]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,542 [[Thrór]] born 
* 2,544 [[Aldor]] born 
* 2,545 Death of [[Eorl]], [[Brego]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]], [[Belecthor I]] born 
* 2,546 [[Brego]] drives the [[Easterlings]] from the World 
* 2,552 [[Fror]] born 
* 2,560 [[Farin]] born 
* 2,563 [[Arahad II]] born, [[Gror]] born 
* 2,567 Death of [[Cirion]], [[Hallas]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]] 
* 2,569 [[Brego]] completes [[Meduseld]] 
* 2,570 Death of [[Brego]], [[Aldor]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]], [[Fréa]] born, [[Dragons]] reappear in [[Ered Mithrin]], [[Baldor]] enters the [[Paths of the Dead]] 
* 2,576 [[Orodreth]] born 
* 2,585 Death of [[Náin II]] 
* 2,588 Death of [[Aragost]], [[Aravorn]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,589 Deaths of [[Dáin I]] and [[Fror]] 
* 2,590 [[Thrór]] returns to [[Erebor]], [[Thror]] becomes [[King of Erebor]], [[Grór]] goes to the [[Iron Hills]] 
* 2,594 [[Fréawine]] born 
* 2,600 [[Ecthelion I]] born 
* 2,605 Death of [[Hallas]], [[Hurin II]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]] 
* 2,619 [[Goldwine]] born 
* 2,620 [[Isengrim Took II]] born 
* 2,626 [[Egalmoth]] born 
* 2,628 [[Arassuil]] born, Death of [[Hurin II]], [[Belecthor I]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]] 
* 2,644 [[Thráin II]] born, [[Deor]] born 
* 2,645 Death of [[Aldor]], [[Fréa]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,654 Death of [[Aravorn]], [[Arahad II]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,655 Death of [[Belecthor I]], [[Orodreth]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]], [[Beren, Steward of Gondor|Beren]] born 
* 2,659 Death of [[Fréa]], [[Fréawine]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,662 [[Fundin]] born 
* 2,665 [[Náin]] born 
* 2,666 [[Isumbras Took III]] born 
* 2,668 [[Gram]] born 
* 2,670 [[Tobold Hornblower]] plants [[Pipe-weed]] 
* 2,671 [[Gróin]] born 
* 2,680 Death of [[Fréawine]], [[Goldwine]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,683 Great [[Smials]] constructed 
* 2,685 Death of [[Orodreth]], [[Ecthelion I]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]] 
* 2,691 [[Helm]] born 
* 2,693 [[Arathorn I]] born 
* 2,698 [[Ecthelion I]] rebuilds the [[White Tower]] in [[Minas Tirith]], Death of [[Ecthelion I]], [[Egalmoth]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]] 
* 2,699 Death of [[Goldwine]], Deor takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,700 [[Beregond]] born 
* 2,701 [[Ferumbras Took II]] born 
* 2,704 [[Bandobras Took]] born 
* 2,710 [[Dunlendings]] capture [[Isengard]] 
* 2,711 Death of [[Borin]] 
* 2,718 Death of [[Deor]], [[Gram]] becomes [[King of Rohan]] 
* 2,719 Death of [[Arahad II]], [[Arassuil]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,722 Death of [[Isengrim Took II]], [[Isumbras Took III]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]] 
* 2,726 [[Fréaláf]] born 
* 2,731 [[Gundolpho Bolger]] born 
* 2,734 [[Gormadoc Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,740 [[Orcs]] invade [[Eriador]] 
* 2,741 Death of [[Gram]], [[Helm]] becomes [[King of Rohan]] 
* 2,743 Death of [[Egalmoth]], [[Beren, Steward of Gondor|Beren]] becomes [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] 
* 2,745 [[Orcs]] invade [[Eriador]], [[Fortinbras Took I]] born 
* 2,746 [[Thorin II Oakenshield]] born 
* 2,747 [[Battle of Greenfields]], Death of [[Golfimbul]] 
* 2,748 [[Orcs]] driven from [[Eriador]] 
* 2,751 [[Frerin]] born 
* 2,752 [[Belecthor II]] born, [[Brytta Léofa|Brytta]] born 
* 2,754 Death of [[Freca]] 
* 2,757 [[Argonui]] born 
* 2,758 [[Haven of Umbar]] attacks [[Gondor]], [[Easterlings]] and [[Dunlendings]] invade [[Rohan]], [[Edoras]] siezed, [[Gandalf]] aids the [[Shire]], [[Long Winter]] begins, Deaths of [[Hama]] and [[Haleth]] 
* 2,759 [[Saruman]] gains the keys to [[Orthanc]], [[Edoras]] recaptured, End of [[Long Winter]], Death of [[Isumbras Took III]], [[Ferumbras Took II]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]], Death of [[Helm]], [[Fréaláf Hildeson]] (son of [[Hild]], sister of [[Helm]]) takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,760 [[Dís]] born, [[Hamfast Gamwich]] born 
* 2,763 Death of [[Beren, Steward of Gondor|Beren]], [[Beregond]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]], [[Balin]] born 
* 2,767 [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] born, [[Balbo Baggins]] born, [[Bosco Boffin]] born 
* 2,769 [[Basso Boffin]] born 
* 2,770 Destruction of [[Dale]], [[Smaug]] takes [[Erebor]], [[Briffo Boffin]] born 
* 2,772 [[Dwalin]] born, [[Berylla Boffin]] ([[Baggins]]) born 
* 2,774 [[Oin]] born, [[Gundahar Bolger]] born 
* 2,775 [[Madoc Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,778 [[Rudolph Bolger]] born 
* 2,779 [[Sadoc Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,780 [[Walda]] born, [[Gundahad Bolger]] born 
* 2,782 [[Thorondir]] born, [[Marroc Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,783 [[Glóin]] born 
* 2,784 Death of [[Arassuil]], [[Arathorn I]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] 
* 2,789 [[Thrór]] departs with [[Nar]] 
* 2,790 Death of [[Thrór]], [[Dwarves]] prepare for war, [[Gerontius Took]] born 
* 2,793 [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] begins 
* 2,798 Death of [[Fréaláf Hildeson]], [[Brytta Léofa|Brytta]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,799 [[Battle of Nanduhirion]], Deaths of [[Azog]], [[Náin]], [[Frerin]] and [[Fundin]], War of the Dwarves and Orcs ends 
* 2,800 [[Orcs]] invade [[Rohan]], [[Wiseman Gamwich]] born 
* 2,801 Death of [[Ferumbras Took II]], [[Fortinbras Took I]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]] 
* 2,802 [[Thrain II]] and [[Thorin II Oakenshield]] come to [[Ered Luin]] 
* 2,803 Death of [[Farin]] 
* 2,804 [[Folca]] born 
* 2,805 Death of [[Grór]] 
* 2,806 Death of [[Bandobras Took]] 
* 2,807 [[Mungo Baggins]] born 
* 2,810 [[Fastolph Bolger]] born 
* 2,811 Death of [[Beregond]], [[Belecthor II]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]] 
* 2,812 [[Pansy Baggins]] ([[Bolger]]) born, [[Otto Boffin]] born 
* 2,815 [[Turin II]] born, [[Adalgar Bolger]] born 
* 2,816 [[Ponto Baggins]] born 
* 2,817 [[Marmadoc Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,818 [[Adaldrida Bolger]] born 
* 2,820 [[Arador]] born, [[Largo Baggins]] born, [[Cottar]] (sire of the [[Cotton Family|Cottons]]) born 
* 2,822 [[Lily Baggins]] ([[Goodbody]]) born, [[Gundabald Bolger]] born 
* 2,826 [[Salvia Brandybuck]] ([[Bolger]]) born 
* 2,827 [[Aglahad]] born 
* 2,830 [[Folcwine]] born, Death of [[Gundolpho Bolger]] 
* 2,832 [[Isengrim Took III]] born 
* 2,836 Death of [[Gormadoc Brandybuck]], [[Madoc Brandybuck]] becomes [[Master of Buckland]] 
* 2,838 [[Isumbras Took IV]] born 
* 2,840 [[Hildigrim Took]] born 
* 2,841 [[Thrain II]] begins wanderings [[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]] 
* 2,842 [[Isembold Took]] born, Death of [[Brytta Léofa|Brytta]], [[Walda]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,844 [[Hildifons Took]] born 
* 2,845 [[Thrain II]] captured and [[Ring of Durin]] taken, [[Gandalf]] enters [[Moria]] 
* 2,846 [[Bungo Baggins]] born, [[Hob Gammidge]] born 
* 2,847 [[Isembard Took]] born 
* 2,848 Death of [[Arathorn I]], [[Argonui]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], Death of [[Fortinbras Took I]], [[Gerontius Took]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]] 
* 2,849 [[Hildibrand Took]] born, [[Rowan Greenhand]] born 
* 2,850 [[Gandalf]] secretly enters [[Dol Guldur]], Death of [[Thrain II]] 
* 2,851 [[White Council]] meets to discuss [[Dol Guldur]], [[Saruman]] learns of [[Hobbits]], [[Halfred Greenhand]] born, Death of [[Walda]], [[Folca]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,852 [[Belladonna Took]] ([[Baggins]]) born 
* 2,854 [[Erling Greenhand]] born, [[Hugo Boffin]] born 
* 2,855 [[Turgon of Gondor|Turgon]] born, [[Rudigar Bolger]] born 
* 2,856 [[Belba Baggins]] ([[Bolger]]) born, [[Rosa Baggins]] ([[Took Family|Took]]) born, [[Donnamira Took]] ([[Boffin]]) born, Death of [[Bosco Boffin]] 
* 2,857 [[Uffo Boffin]] born 
* 2,858 [[Folcred]] and [[Fastred]] born 
* 2,859 [[Fíli]] born, [[Hending Greenhand]] born 
* 2,860 [[Longo Baggins]] born, [[Mirabella Took]] ([[Brandybuck]]) born, [[Rollo Boffin]] born, [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck]] born, [[Cotman Cotton]] born, [[Rudibert Bolger]] born 
* 2,861 Death of [[Walda]], [[Theobald Bolger]] born 
* 2,862 [[Linda Baggins]] ([[Proudfoot]]) born, [[Isengar Took]] born, [[Rose Greenhand]] ([[Cotton]]) born 
* 2,863 Carl Cotton born 
* 2,864 [[Orcs|Orc]] raids in [[Rohan]] cease, [[Kíli]] born, [[Bingo Baggins]] born, [[Ruby Bolger]] ([[Baggins]]) born, [[Fosco Baggins]] born, Death of [[Folca]], [[Folcwine]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,865 [[Primrose Boffin]] ([[Bracegirdle]]) born 
* 2,866 [[Angelimir]] born, [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] born 
* 2,868 [[Orgulas Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,870 [[Fengel]] born 
* 2,872 Death of [[Belecthor II]], [[Thorondir]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]], [[White Tree]] dies 
* 2,873 [[Arathorn II]] born 
* 2,875 Death of [[Gundahar Bolger]] 
* 2,877 Death of [[Madoc Brandybuck]], [[Marmadoc Brandybuck]] becomes master 
* 2,878 [[Fortinbras Took II]] born 
* 2,879 [[Gimli]] born 
* 2,880 [[Adalgrim Took]] born 
* 2,882 Death of [[Thorondir]], [[Túrin II]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]] 
* 2,885 [[Haradrim]] attack, Deaths of [[Folcred]] and [[Fastred]], [[Hobson Gamgee]] born 
* 2,886 [[Ecthelion II]] born 
* 2,887 [[Flambard Took]] born 
* 2,890 [[Bilbo Baggins]] born, [[Sigismond Took]] born 
* 2,892 [[Holman Greenhand]] born 
* 2,894 [[Jago Boffin]] born 
* 2,895 [[Herugar Bolger]] born 
* 2,897 [[Jessamine Boffin]] born 
* 2,900 Deaths of [[Mungo Baggins]] and [[Otto Boffin]], [[Gruffo Boffin]] born 
* 2,901 [[Ithilien]] deserted, [[Henneth Annûn]] constructed, [[Holman Cotton]] born, [[Adalbert Bolger]] born 
* 2,902 [[Posco Baggins]] born, [[Dora Baggins]] born, [[Rorimac Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,903 [[Falco Chubb-Baggins]] born, Death of [[Folcwine]], [[Fengel]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* 2,904 [[Odo Proudfoot]] born, [[Amaranth Brandybuck]] born, [[Wilibald Bolger]] born, [[Gerda Boffin]] ([[Bolger]]) born 
* 2,905 [[Thengel]] born 
* 2,906 [[Prisca Baggins]] ([[Bolger]]) born 
* 2,907 [[Gilraen]] born 
* 2,908 [[Drogo Baggins]] born, [[Saradas Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,910 [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] born, Death of [[Marmadoc Brandybuck]], [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck]] becomes [[Master of Buckland]] 
* 2,911 [[Dudo Baggins]] born, Death of [[Ponto Baggins]], The [[Fell Winter]], [[Wolves]] invade [[Eriador]], [[Dodinas Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,912 Devestating floods in [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]], Death of [[Argonui]], [[Arador]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], [[Tharbad]] deserted, Deaths of [[Largo Baggins]] and [[Lily Baggins]] ([[Goodbody]]) 
* 2,913 [[Asphodel Brandybuck]] ([[Burrows]]) born, [[Bruno Bracegirdle]] born 
* 2,914 Death of [[Túrin II]], [[Turgon of Gondor|Turgon]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]], Death of [[Adalgar Bolger]] 
* 2,916 [[Ferumbras Took III]] born, [[Dinodas Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,917 [[Adrahil]] born 
* 2,920 Death of [[Gerontius Took]], [[Primula Brandybuck]] ([[Baggins]]) born, [[Isengrim Took III]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]] 
* 2,922 [[Morwen]] born 
* 2,923 Death of [[Gróin]], [[Andwise Roper]] born 
* 2,926 Death of [[Bungo Baggins]] 
* 2,928 [[Adelard Took]] born 
* 2,929 [[Arathorn II]] weds [[Gilraen]] 
* 2,930 Death of [[Arador]], [[Arathorn II]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], [[Denethor II]] born, Deaths of [[Merimac Brandybuck]], [[Isengrim Took III]], [[Isumbras Took IV]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]] 
* 2,931 [[Aragorn II]] born 
* 2,932 Death of [[Aglahad]], [[Angelimir]] becomes [[Prince of Dol Amroth]] 
* 2,933 Death of [[Arathorn II]], [[Aragorn II]] becomes [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], [[Paladin Took]] born 
* 2,934 Deaths of [[Hildibrand Took]] and [[Belladonna Took]] ([[Baggins]]) 
* 2,935 [[Odovacar Bolger]] born 
* 2,936 [[Esmeralda Took]] ([[Brandybuck]]) born 
* 2,937 [[Vigo Boffin]] born 
* 2,938 [[Rosamunda Took]] ([[Bolger]]) born 
* 2,939 [[Saruman]] discovers [[Sauron]] is searching the [[Gladden Fields]], Death of [[Isumbras Took IV]], [[Fortinbras Took II]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]] 
* 2,940 [[Ferdinand Took]] born, [[Saradoc Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,941 [[Bilbo]] gains the [[One Ring]], [[Sauron]] driven from [[Dol Guldur]], [[Thorin II Oakenshield]] becomes [[King of Erebor]], [[Battle of Five Armies]], [[Dáin II]] becomes [[King of Erebor]], Deaths of [[Hildigrim Took]], [[Fili]], [[Kíli]], [[Bolg]], [[Smaug]] and [[Thorin II Oakenshield]] 
* 2,942 [[Sauron]] returns to [[Mordor]], [[Merimac Brandybuck]] born, [[Filibert Bolger]] born 
* 2,943 [[Marmadas Brandybuck]] born, [[Thengel]] weds [[Morwen]] 
* 2,944 [[Dale]] rebuilt, [[Gollum]] begins his hunt, [[Poppy Baggins]] ([[Bracegirdle]]) born, [[Griffo Boffin]] born 
* 2,945 Death of [[Hugo Boffin]] 
* 2,946 [[Olo Proudfoot]] born, [[Ponto Baggins]] born, Deaths of [[Isembold Took]] and [[Isembard Took]] 
* 2,947 [[Milo Burrows]] born, [[Wilimar Bolger]] born 
* 2,948 [[Théoden]] born, [[Porto Baggins]] born, [[Sederic Brandybuck]] born, Death of [[Donnamira Took]] ([[Boffin]]) and [[Rudigar Bolger]] 
* 2,949 [[Gandalf]] and [[Balin]] visit the [[Shire]] 
* 2,950 Death of [[Longo Baggins]], [[Peony Baggins]] ([[Burrows]]) born, [[Daisy Baggins]] ([[Boffin]]) born, [[Hugo Bracegirdle]] born, [[Finduilas]] born 
* [[Third Age 2951|2,951]] [[Sauron]] reopens [[Dol Guldur]], Construction begins on [[Barad-dûr]], [[Heribald Bolger]] born 
* [[Third Age 2953|2,953]] Last meeting of the [[White Council]], Death of [[Turgon of Gondor|Turgon]], [[Ecthelion II]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]], [[Saruman]] begins to fortify [[Isengard]], Death of [[Fengel]], [[Thengel]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]] 
* [[Third Age 2954|2,954]] [[Orodruin]] re-awakens, [[Hilda Bracegirdle]] ([[Brandybuck]]) born 
* 2,955 [[Imrahil]] born 
* [[Third Age 2956|2,956]] [[Aragorn II]] meets [[Gandalf]], Deaths of [[Belba Baggins]] ([[Bolger]]) and [[Rosa Baggins]] ([[Took family|Took]]) 
* 2,957 [[Aragorn]] begins his great journeys as [[Thorongil]] 
* 2,960 Deaths of [[Bingo Baggins]], [[Fosco Baggins]], [[Mirabella Took]] ([[Brandybuck]]), [[Nora Bolger]] born, [[Isengar Took]] born 
* 2,961 [[Anson Roper]] born 
* 2,963 Deaths of [[Linda Baggins]] ([[Proudfoot]]), [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck]], [[Théodwyn]] born, [[Rorimac Brandybuck]] becomes [[Master of Buckland]] 
* 2,964 [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]] born 
* 2,965 [[Hamson Gamgee]] born 
* [[Third Age 2968|2,968]] [[Frodo Baggins]] born 
* 2,969 [[Reginard Took]] born, [[Halfred Gamgee]] born 
* 2,972 [[Daisy Gamgee]] born 
* 2,975 [[Pearl Took]] born 
* [[Third Age 2976|2,976]] [[Denethor II]] weds [[Finduilas]], [[May Gamgee]] born 
* [[Third Age 2977|2,977]] Death of [[Angelimir]], [[Adrahil]] becomes [[Prince of Dol Amroth]] 
* [[Third Age 2978|2,978]] [[Boromir]] born, [[Théodred]] born, Death of [[Elfhild]], [[Folco Boffin]] born 
* 2,979 [[Pimpernel Took]] born 
* [[Third Age 2980|2,980]] Adventures of [[Thorongil]] end, [[Aragorn II]] and [[Arwen Undomiel]] betrothed, [[Gollum]] meets [[Shelob]], [[Fredegar Bolger]] born, Death of [[Thengel]], [[Théoden]] takes sceptre of [[Rohan]], [[Faramond Took]] born, Death of [[Fortinbras Took II]], [[Ferumbras Took III]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]], [[Everard Took]] born, [[Berilac Brandybuck]] born, [[Tolman Cotton]] born, Deaths of [[Drogo Baggins]] and [[Primula Brandybuck]] ([[Baggins]]) 
* 2,981 [[Angelica Baggins]] born, [[Merimas Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,982 Death of [[Adalgrim Took]] 
* [[Third Age 2983|2,983]] [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] born, [[Samwise Gamgee]] born, [[Mentha Brandybuck]] born, [[Marigold Gamgee]] ([[Cotton]]) born 
* [[Third Age 2984|2,984]] Death of [[Ecthelion II]], [[Denethor II|Denethor]] becomes Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]], [[Rose Cotton]] ([[Gamgee Family|Gamgee]]) born, [[Wilcome Cotton]] born, Death of [[Hobson Gamgee]], [[Denethor II]] begins to use the [[Anor Palantir]] 
* 2,985 [[Pervinca Took]] born, [[Estella Bolger]] born, [[Melilot Brandybuck]] born 
* 2,986 [[Bowman Cotton]] born, Death of [[Jago Boffin]] 
* 2,987 [[Elphir]] born, [[Mosco Burrows]] born 
* [[Third Age 2988|2,988]] Death of [[Finduilas]], [[Tosto Boffin]] born 
* [[Third Age 2989|2,989]] Death of [[Flambard Took]], [[Doderic Brandybuck]] born, [[Carl Cotton]] born, [[Eomund]] weds [[Théodwyn]], [[Balin]]'s expedition to [[Moria]] 
* 2,990 [[Saruman]] begins breeding [[Orcs]], [[Erchirion]] born, [[Sancho Proudfoot]] born, [[Peregrin Took]] born, Death of [[Herugar Bolger]] 
* [[Third Age 2991|2,991]] [[Éomer]] born, [[Moro Burrows]] born, [[Ilberic Brandybuck]] born, Death of [[Sigismond Took]] 
* 2,993 [[Myrtle Burrows]] born 
* [[Third Age 2994|2,994]] Destruction of Balin's colony, deaths of [[Balin]], [[Óin]] and [[Ori]], [[Amrothos]] born, [[Celandine Brandybuck]] born 
* [[Third Age 2995|2,995]] [[Éowyn]] born, [[Diamond of Long Cleeve]] born 
* 2,996 [[Minto Burrows]] born 
* 2,997 Death of [[Adalbert Bolger]] 
* 2,999 [[Lothíriel]] born, Deaths of [[Falco Chubb-Baggins]], [[Gruffo Boffin]] and [[Dodinas Brandybuck]] 
* [[Third Age 3000|3,000]] [[Saruman]] ensnared by [[Sauron]], Death of [[Wilibald Bolger]] 
* [[Third Age 3001|3,001]] [[Gandalf]] begins to suspect the [[One Ring]] is in the [[Shire]], [[Bilbo]]'s birthday feast 
* [[Third Age 3002|3,002]] Deaths of [[Éomund]] and [[Théodwyn]], [[Bilbo]] comes to [[Imladris]] 
* [[Third Age 3004|3,004]] [[Gandalf]] begins to visit the [[Shire]] on a regular basis, Death of [[Gerda Boffin]] ([[Bolger]]) 
* 3,005 Death of [[Odo Proudfoot]] 
* 3,006 Death of [[Dora Baggins]] 
* [[Third Age 3007|3,007]] [[Brand]] takes sceptre of [[Dale]] 
* [[Third Age 3008|3,008]] [[Gandalf]]'s regular visits to the [[Shire]] end, Death of [[Rorimac Brandybuck]], [[Saradoc Brandybuck]] becomes [[Master of Buckland]] 
* [[Third Age 3009|3,009]] [[Arwen]] returns to [[Imladris]], [[Hunt for Gollum]], Death of [[Dudo Baggins]] 
* 3,010 Death of Adrahil, Imrahil becomes Prince of Dol Amroth, Deaths of Bruno Bracegirdle and Dinodas Brandybuck 
* 3,012 Deaths of [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]], and [[Asphodel Brandybuck]] ([[Burrows]]) 
* 3,014 [[Gríma Wormtongue]] becomes chief council for [[Théoden]] 
* 3,015 Death of [[Ferumbras Took III]], [[Paladin Took II]] becomes [[Thain]] of the [[Shire]] 
* [[Third Age 3017|3,017]] [[Gollum]] captured and taken to [[Barad-dûr]], [[Alphros]] born, [[Éomer]] becomes [[Marshal]], [[Gandalf]] reads the scroll in [[Minas Tirith]] 
* [[Third Age 3018|3,018]] [[Thranduil]] assailes by [[Orcs]], [[Osgiliath]] taken, [[Gollum]] hides in [[Moria]], [[Sauron]] learns of the treachery of [[Saruman]], 
* [[Third Age 3019|3,019]] Deaths of [[Gollum]], [[Boromir]], [[Denethor II]], [[Dáin II Ironfoot|Dáin II]], [[Brand]], [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]], [[Saruman]], [[Théoden]], [[Nazgûl]] destroyed, [[One Ring]] destroyed, End of [[Sauron]], [[Bard II]] becomes [[King of Dale]], [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] becomes [[King of Erebor]], [[Aragorn]] takes name of [[Elessar]], [[Elessar]] takes sceptre of [[Reunited Kingdom]], [[Mirkwood]] renamed [[Eryn Lasgalen]], [[East Lórien]] founded 
* 3,020 [[Drúedain]] destroy remnant of [[Saruman]]'s [[Orcs]], [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] and [[Éowyn]] wed, [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] weds [[Rose Cotton]], Death of [[Lobelia Bracegirdle]] ([[Sackville-Baggins]]) 
* 3,021 [[Elrond]], [[Galadriel]] and [[Gandalf]], [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] pass over the sea

== The Fourth Age ==
* [[Fourth Age 1|1]] [[Éomer]] and [[Lothiriel]] wed, [[Elanor Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 3|3]] Death of [[Adelard Took]], [[Frodo Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 5|5]] [[Rose Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 7|7]] [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] is elected Mayor, [[Merry Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 8|8]] [[Pippin Gardner]] is born.
* [[Fourth Age 9|9]] [[Pippin Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 10|10]] [[Faramir Took I]] born. Death of [[Vigo Boffin]]
* [[Fourth Age 11|11]] [[Goldilocks Gardner]] born, Death of [[Odovacar Bolger]]
* [[Fourth Age 12|12]] [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc]] becomes [[Master of Buckland]]. [[Hamfast Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 13|13]] [[Daisy Gardner]] born. Death of [[Filibert Bolger]]
* [[Fourth Age 14|14]] Death of [[Paladin Took II]]. [[Peregrin I Took]] becomes the [[Thain]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the 2nd time
* [[Fourth Age 15|15]] Deaths of [[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]] and [[Olo Proudfoot]]. [[Primrose Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 16|16]] [[Star of the Dúnedain]] given to [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]]. [[Bilbo Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 18|18]] [[Ruby Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 20|20]] [[Robin Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 21|21]] [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the 3rd time
* [[Fourth Age 22|22]] [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]] ride to [[Gondor]]. [[Tolman Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 24|24]] Death of [[Imrahil]]. [[Elphir]] becomes [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]. [[Fíriel Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 28|28]] [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the 4th time
* [[Fourth Age 31|31]] [[Elanor Gardner]] weds [[Fastred of Greenholm]]
* [[Fourth Age 32|32]] The [[Westmarch]] becomes a part of the [[Shire]]
* [[Fourth Age 34|34]] [[Elfstan Fairbairn]] born
* [[Fourth Age 35|35]] [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the 5th time
* [[Fourth Age 41|41]] [[Holfast Gardner]] born
* [[Fourth Age 42|42]] [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the 6th time
* [[Fourth Age 43|43]] [[Faramir Took I]] weds [[Goldilocks Gardner]]
* [[Fourth Age 49|49]] [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] becomes Mayor for 7th and final time
* [[Fourth Age 57|57]] Death of [[Elphir]]. [[Alphros]] becomes [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]
* [[Fourth Age 62|62]] Death of [[Rose Gardner]]. [[Círdan]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] pass over sea
* [[Fourth Age 63|63]] (Spring) [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Peregrin Took]] depart from [[the Shire]] and travel into the south
* [[Fourth Age 63|63]] [[Faramir I]] succeeds his father [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin]] as [[Thain of the Shire]].
* [[Fourth Age 64|64]] Death of [[Éomer]]. [[Elfwine]] becomes [[King of Rohan]]
* [[Fourth Age 81|81]] [[Harding of the Hill]] (Harding Gardner) born
* [[Fourth Age 82|82]] Death of [[Faramir Took I]]
* [[Fourth Age 91|91]] Apparent death of [[Dwalin]] at 340 years of age.
* [[Fourth Age 98|98]] Death of [[Alphros]]
* [[Fourth Age 120|120]] Death of [[Aragorn Elessar]] and [[Eldarion]] takes the throne. [[Legolas of Mirkwood|Legolas]] and [[Gimli]] pass over sea
* [[Fourth Age 121|121]] Death of [[Arwen Undomiel]]
* [[Fourth Age 172|172]] A copy of the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] is completed in [[Gondor]] by [[Findegil]], the * [[King's Writer]].
* [[Fourth Age 185|185]] - Death of [[Harding of the Hill]], [[Sam Gamgee]]'s heir.
* [[Fourth Age 220|220]] [[The New Shadow]] arises. Death of [[Eldarion]]?

* '''???''' [[Durin VII]] retakes [[Moria]]

Kalevala

2007-06-25T16:03:15Z

Elemmakil:

[[Image:Gallen Kallela Kullervos Curse.jpg|thumb|"Kullervo's Curse" by Akseli Gallen-Kallela]]
The '''Kalevala''' is an epic poem which Elias Lönnrot compiled from Finnish folk lore in the 19th century. It is commonly called the Finnish national epic and is traditionally thought of as one of the most significant works of Finnish-language literature. The Kalevala is credited with some of the inspiration for the national awakening that ultimately led to Finland's independence from Russia in 1917. The Kalevala consists of 50 cantons and 22,795 verses.

"Kalevala" is the name of the homeland of the heroes in the book Kalevala.

==Similarities between Tolkien's work==

A considerable part of the tale of [[Túrin Turambar]] is derived from Kalevala, where the counterpart of Túrin is [[Kullervo]], son of Kalervo. Kalervo comes into conflict with the kin of Untamo, and soon a gang of men attacks Kalervo killing his family and men, and only one maid is spared her life to serve as a slave for Kalervo. But soon the maid gives birth to Kullervo. Later Kullervo is sold to Ilmarinen, from who he soon escapes. Kullervo finds out that her parents are alive as well, and hears from them that his sister has disappeared. Kalervo has to go to pay the families taxes, and on his way back Kullervo meets a fair maiden and seduces her. Afterwards she realizes that Kullervo is her brother, and out of shame she jumps into rapids and drowns. Desperate and self destructive Kullervo returns home and attacks Untamo and slays him. After the killing he talks to his sword, and says that it has bled a lot of innocent blood, and tells it that now the sword can bleed some guilty blood as well. The sword replies:

:Thus his trusty sword makes answer,
:Well divining his intentions:
:Why should I not drink thy life-blood,
:Blood of guilty Kullerwoinen,
:Since I feast upon the worthy,
:Drink the life-blood of the righteous?"

After the sword replies, Kullervo thrusts himself to the blade and dies.

==References==

[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/kveng/index.htm John Martin Crawfords English translation of Kalevala]

==External links==

[http://www.kaapeli.fi/maailma/kalevala/kalevala.html Kalevala in Finnish]]
[[category:poems]]

File:Gallen Kallela Kullervos Curse.jpg

2007-06-25T16:01:35Z

Elemmakil: Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Kullervo’s Curse, 1899, Oil on canvas, 184 x 102,5 cm, Ateneum Art Museum, Finnish National Gallery

Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Kullervo’s Curse, 1899, Oil on canvas, 184 x 102,5 cm, Ateneum Art Museum, Finnish National Gallery

File talk:Gallen-Kallela The defence of the Sampo.jpg

2007-06-25T15:47:57Z

Elemmakil:

What's the link between this picture and the scene it depicts and Tolkien's works? --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 11:29, 25 June 2007 (EDT)

:Well, there's an article of Kalevala here, and couldn't there be a picture in there? --[[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] 11:37, 25 June 2007 (EDT)

::Yes, of course. I even would like that very much! However, I would like to see a picture of not just any one scene from the Kalevala, but of a scene on which Tolkien based a story or character of his, or part thereof. --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 11:43, 25 June 2007 (EDT)

:::Sure! I'll just try to find another picture. And I already got permission from Gallen-Kallela's descendants - he's propably the most famous Finnish artist, and his paintings are mostly scenes from Kalevala. --[[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] 11:47, 25 June 2007 (EDT)

Kalevala

2007-06-25T15:39:15Z

Elemmakil:

[[Image:Gallen-Kallela The defence of the Sampo.jpg|thumb|"The Defence of the Sampo" by Akseli Gallen-Kallela.]]
The '''Kalevala''' is an epic poem which Elias Lönnrot compiled from Finnish folk lore in the 19th century. It is commonly called the Finnish national epic and is traditionally thought of as one of the most significant works of Finnish-language literature. The Kalevala is credited with some of the inspiration for the national awakening that ultimately led to Finland's independence from Russia in 1917. The Kalevala consists of 50 cantons and 22,795 verses.

"Kalevala" is the name of the homeland of the heroes in the book Kalevala.

==Similarities between Tolkien's work==

A considerable part of the tale of [[Túrin Turambar]] is derived from Kalevala, where the counterpart of Túrin is [[Kullervo]], son of Kalervo. Kalervo comes into conflict with the kin of Untamo, and soon a gang of men attacks Kalervo killing his family and men, and only one maid is spared her life to serve as a slave for Kalervo. But soon the maid gives birth to Kullervo. Later Kullervo is sold to Ilmarinen, from who he soon escapes. Kullervo finds out that her parents are alive as well, and hears from them that his sister has disappeared. Kalervo has to go to pay the families taxes, and on his way back Kullervo meets a fair maiden and seduces her. Afterwards she realizes that Kullervo is her brother, and out of shame she jumps into rapids and drowns. Desperate and self destructive Kullervo returns home and attacks Untamo and slays him. After the killing he talks to his sword, and says that it has bled a lot of innocent blood, and tells it that now the sword can bleed some guilty blood as well. The sword replies:

:Thus his trusty sword makes answer,
:Well divining his intentions:
:Why should I not drink thy life-blood,
:Blood of guilty Kullerwoinen,
:Since I feast upon the worthy,
:Drink the life-blood of the righteous?"

After the sword replies, Kullervo thrusts himself to the blade and dies.

==References==

[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/kveng/index.htm John Martin Crawfords English translation of Kalevala]

==External links==

[http://www.kaapeli.fi/maailma/kalevala/kalevala.html Kalevala in Finnish]]
[[category:poems]]

File talk:Gallen-Kallela The defence of the Sampo.jpg

2007-06-25T15:37:24Z

Elemmakil:

What's the link between this picture and the scene it depicts and Tolkien's works? --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 11:29, 25 June 2007 (EDT)

Well, there's an article of Kalevala here, and couldn't there be a picture in there? --[[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] 11:37, 25 June 2007 (EDT)

File:Gallen-Kallela The defence of the Sampo.jpg

2007-06-25T15:25:49Z

Elemmakil: Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Defence of the Sampo, 1896, tempera, 122 x 125, Turku Art Museum, Finland Finnish artists' artistic vision of a scene in Kalevala

Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Defence of the Sampo, 1896, tempera, 122 x 125, Turku Art Museum, Finland

Finnish artists' artistic vision of a scene in Kalevala

The Hobbit Companion

2007-05-21T19:00:06Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

{{book|
title=The Hobbit Companion|
image=[[Image:Hobcomp.jpg|200px]]|
author=[[David Day]]|
publisher=Pavilion Books Limited(UK), Barnes & Noble(US) |
date=1997|
format=Paperback/Padded Hardcover|
pages=96|
isbn=158663528X|
amazon=http://www.amazon.com/Hobbit-Companion-Day/dp/158663528X|
amazonprice=$12.98}}

Illustrated in full colour (illustrations by [[Lidia Postma]]), including a number of double page prints, this is an intriguing and interesting investigation into the world of words used by [[Tolkien]] in [[The Hobbit]]. It explores the clever web of wordplay Professor Tolkien used to create hidden meanings and delves into the mythical associations that lie beneath the tale's thrilling surface.

Starting with the word "hobbit" itself, the book moves on to examine Bilbo Baggins, hobbit heritage and history, Gandalf, Shire Society, and much more.

There is also a chapter on the hobbit characters from [[The Lord of the Rings]], including [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Sam]], [[Pippin]] and [[Merry]]. Lidia Postma’s painting of the [[Party Field]] from [[The Fellowship of the Ring]] is a treasure – it pictures and names 60 of the guests from Adelard Took to Willibald Bolger.

[[Category:Books]]

Gimli

2007-05-21T18:59:43Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

{{quote|Only Gimli lifted up his head; a smouldering fire was in his eyes. . .|Gimli's response to the mention of the [[Mines of Moria]]}}
{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[Image:John Howe - Gimli 01.jpg|300px]]
| name=Gimli
| othernames=Elf-friend, Lockbearer, Lord of the Glittering Caves
| life=[[TA 2879]] - [[FoA 120]]
| realm=[[Erebor]]
| parentage=[[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]]
| lineage=[[Durin the Deathless]]/[[Borin]]
| robes=
| gender=Male
|}}
'''Gimli''' ([[TA 2879]] – [[FoA 120]]) was a [[dwarf]] of [[Durin's Folk]], a direct descendant of [[Durin the Deathless]] through [[Náin II]]'s younger son [[Borin]], and in turn [[Farin]]'s younger son [[Gróin]], and his younger son [[Glóin]]. Despite being too young at the time of the [[Quest of Erebor]] (only 62), he became famous as the only Dwarven member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]].

==History==
Gimli was born in the [[Blue Mountains]] nine years after the tragic destruction of [[Dale]] and the wasting of [[Erebor]] by [[Smaug]] the Golden. Little is known about his early life (or the lives of young dwarves in general, as a matter of fact), but he was forbidden to join [[Thorin and Company]] because of his age: only 62 at the time, according to ''[[The Quest of Erebor]]''. Gimli was the only surviving member of Durin’s Folk not to go on the quest, save for his fairly distant relative [[Dís]], who was female.

Years later, in [[TA 3017|3017]], Gimli witnessed the tempting offers of the messenger of [[Sauron]] (presumed to be a [[Nazgûl]]) concerning the [[Ring of Power]], and accompanied his troubled father to [[Rivendell]] for the dual purpose of warning retired burglar (and old acquaintance) [[Bilbo Baggins]] and seeking the counsel of [[Elrond]] on such weighty matters. His purpose in going was unknown – he neither knew Bilbo, nor liked the [[Elves]] any more than any other Dwarf at that time. It is possible his father merely took him for the experience of being in [[Rivendell]]. Whatever the reason, he attended the [[Council of Elrond]] as a representative of the [[Dwarves of Erebor]].

===The Fellowship of the Ring===

Gimli, as the only young dwarf (so far as we know) at the council of Elrond, was appointed as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]. He alone of the company wore a mail-shirt, and carried a broad-bladed axe. He quickly distinguished himself in the company by declaring that he "needed no map" and naming the [[Misty Mountains]] individually by their [[Khuzdul]] names, inspiring the comment from [[Sam]]: "A fair jaw-cracker dwarf-language must be!"

Gimli, surprisingly, stood more than all the others with [[Gandalf]] on the matter of passing through [[Moria]]. This may be influenced by his curiosity about the fate of his second cousin [[Balin]], who went thither to refound the ancient kingdom of the [[Longbeards]], and also his vengeful nature. His first clash with [[Legolas of Mirkwood|Legolas]] occurred before the [[Doors of Durin]], in a brief dispute over whose fault it was (the Elves’ or the Dwarves’) that the friendship between them waned. Gandalf quickly intervened, though it was not until [[Lothlórien]] that they would truly become friends.

[[Image:Aleksandr Kortich - 03.jpg|thumb|left|300px|''Moria'' by [[Aleksandr Kortich]]]]He was quite helpful to Gandalf in explaining the Doors to the other curious members of the fellowship. Gandalf showed his appreciation of Gimli’s skills by letting him walk up front through the dark tunnels beside himself, and taking brief counsels with him when the way is unsure. It is probable that here Gandalf is tapping into Dwarven inborn or developed skills rather than actual knowledge of Moria itself, as Gimli had never personally been there.

Gimli reacted most indignantly to Sam’s suggestion that Moria was but “holes”, going so far as to chant for him the ancient song ''[[The World was Young, the Mountains Green]]''. Gimli continued to be helpful to Gandalf on the rest of the dark passage, and boldly aided in the [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul]], protecting Balin’s tomb. After Gandalf remained behind to halt the Balrog, Gimli led the others across the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]].

He again shows great emotion when they near [[Kheled-zâram]], taking [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] alone out of all the company with him to see it (though Sam follows as well). This hints at a degree of affection for Frodo, though it may merely be because he was the most important of the company. Despite his helpfulness, at [[Lothlórien]] he became the greatest hindrance to the Company, when he alone was required to be blindfolded and of all of them liked the idea the least (save for perhaps Legolas). The compromise was made that the entire company would go through the Golden Wood in this manner, that Gimli would not suffer alone.

Despite this early struggle, it is Gimli of all the company that is most remembered for his deeds in Lothlórien. For his heart softened towards [[Galadriel]] and as a result toward Elves in general when that great lady sympathized with his sorrows, using the traditional Khuzdul names. In return he attempted to compliment her, as he saw her love and understanding. Though slightly clumsy in his first attempt, he distinguished himself when, as Galadriel gave the Company gifts, he asked only for a single strand of her hair. This Galadriel graciously gave with a blessing, probably remembering when [[Fëanor]] had requested a similar gift several millennia ago. Henceforth Gimli was known as "[[Lockbearer]]". He wept openly at the departure from Lothlórien, calling the light more dangerous than the darkness he had feared.

After the departure from Lothlórien Gimli is relegated a fairly minor role. He had, however, become a fast friend of Legolas the Elf, a result of Galadriel’s kindness. This, two, made him famous among all the Dwarves of the [[Third Age]].

===The Three Hunters===

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Pursuit in Rohan.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Pursuit in Rohan'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]] After the [[Breaking of the Fellowship]], during which he and Legolas slew many [[orcs]], Gimli listened in silence as his only remaining comrades, [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]] and Legolas, sang a lament for Boromir in the character of three of the Winds. Only the East Wind was left, and Gimli would not sing it, which Aragorn declared to be appropriate.

For most of the chase he served as a commentator, usually leaving the decisions to Aragorn. His reaction was quite hostile to the suspicious [[Rohirrim]], especially after [[Éomer]]’s rash comments about Galadriel. Little did either know that they would become close friends in the times to come as fiery words passed between them. After the [[Three Hunters]] were lent horses, Gimli and Éomer parted in peace, with promises to one another of reconciliation.

Of the Three Hunters, Gimli seemed the most shaken by [[Fangorn]] while they searched for traces of [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]]. Gimli felt no reluctance to shoot the “unarmed” old man whom they thought was [[Saruman]], unlike Aragorn and Legolas. After Gandalf was revealed to them, Gimli fell to his knees. Gandalf put his hand on Gimli’s head, and the dwarf laughed for the first time recorded during the [[Quest of the Ring]].

Gimli’s ire was raised again in King [[Théoden]]’s courts against [[Wormtongue]], who spoke slanderously of the Lady of the Golden Wood. Gandalf quickly calmed him. Gimli was delighted by the [[White Mountains]] and [[Helm’s Deep]], declaring “This country has tough bones”. He declared that if he had a hundred of his kin he could make the fortress invincible.

===War of the Ring===

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Glittering Caves of Aglarond.jpg|thumb|left|300px|''The Glittering Caves of Aglarond'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]During the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], Gimli saved Éomer’s life outside the gates. He came in, boasting of his first two orc-kills to his friend Legolas. Legolas estimated his slaughter to amount to twenty, starting the good-hearted orc-killing game that continued through the rest of the battle. Gimli was the first to the culvert when the orcs crept through, leaping heroically into their midst from the walls. He then proceeded to lead the blocking up of the culvert. During the course of the battle Gimli was one of those forced into the [[Glittering Caves]]. He was astonished to see the magnificence of these caverns, moving even Legolas with his glowing description of them. This one sight would change his life.

His final kill score number was forty-two in that battle, surpassing his friend the elf by one. Gimli shows a hint of humor and affection when he greets the two [[Hobbits]] Merry and Pippin comfortably situated among [[flotsam]] and [[jetsam]] in the ruin of [[Isengard]]. He declared himself deep in Pippin’s debt when the hobbit lent him his spare pipe.

As the fellowship of friends again began to break up – Gandalf and Pippin heading for [[Minas Tirith]], [[Théoden]] and his riders for [[Dunharrow]] – Gimli out of love and respect for Aragorn went with him, Legolas, the sons of Elrond, and the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers]] on the [[Paths of the Dead]]. He showed great reluctance before the [[Dark Door]], the final thought that drove him downward was the thought of being bested by an Elf underground.

[[Image:Luca Michelucci - 1999 - March.jpg|thumb|right|200px|By [[Luca Michelucci]]]]He participated in the epic [[Battle of Pelennor Fields]], returning with Aragorn and his other companions on the [[Black Ships]], and later recounted their journey to the fascinated Hobbits. He began to fear for Legolas, who seemed entranced by the Sea. His position on Elves completely changed, he remarked "If all the fair folk take to the Havens, it will be a duller world for those who are doomed to stay". He was much more skeptical as to the overall end of [[Men]] than his comrade.

Gimli fought in the [[Battle of the Morannon]], passing through unscathed, and finding the alive but bruised Pippin among the dead lying on the hill. He returned to the [[Field of Cormallen]] to be reunited to his friends, and there displayed open affection for all of them, even his frequent rival Pippin ("If only because of the pains you have cost me, which I shall never forget").

===After the War of the Ring===

After the coronation of Aragorn, Gimli said farewell to his old friend Éomer, who begged for pardon as to his words on Galadriel, though he slyly added that he didn’t think she was the fairest in the world: adding that [[Arwen]] was only when Gimli began to threaten him. Gimli was content with that.

During the return journey he visited many places with Legolas, including Fangorn Forest and [[Aglarond]]. Eventually he returned to Erebor, to find it nearly devastated by war. [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] had died, and [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] was now King. Eventually, though, he returned to the Glittering Caves with a contingent of dwarves, becoming the “Lord of the Glittering Caves”. He rebuilt the gates of Minas Tirith with [[mithril]] and steel, and in both [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]] accomplished great works. In Aglarond, it is assumed, he lived on until he was old, and in [[FoA 120]] it is believed that he sailed with Legolas his friend across [[Belegaer]] to [[Valinor]]. There he presumably died in peace.

==Character==

Gimli throughout ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' showed perhaps the greatest open contempt for Sauron and his minions, save for perhaps [[Boromir (son of Denethor II)|Boromir]]. He was a grim character, for the most part, laughing only occasionally and, though in a few rare situations inspiring amusement, never joking. Due to his comments especially in the chapter ''[[The Ring goes South]]'', he may be called more superstitious than the others, acting very much as if Caradhras was an actual living being.

Gimli also carries the characteristic of smoldering vengeance against enemies found in many dwarves, such as when speaking of Moria. It may be that Gimli’s strongest show of sentiment was when speaking of Balin and Moria. He also is shown to have a steadfast nature to match, noticeable, for instance, when he plunges heedlessly across a stagnant creek in his eagerness to get to Moria. He also seems to have a love (or an interest, at least) in food, complementing the [[lembas]] of the Elves most highly.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==

Gimli was portrayed in [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]] as almost as tall as Legolas and Aragorn. He was voiced by [[David Buck]].

[[Image:Gimli son of Gloin.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gimli as portrayed by [[John Rhys-Davies]]]]In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], he was played by [[John Rhys-Davies]], who also provided the voice for [[Treebeard]]. His character has been criticized by Tolkien fans because he acted as the Comedian for ''[[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]'' and ''[[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]'', whereas in the books he was a solid, serious character.

==See Also==
* [[:Category:Images of Gimli|Images of Gimli Elf-friend]]
{{sequence
|prev=none
|next=unknown
|list=[[Lord of the Glittering Caves]] <code>IV</code> ?? – 120
}}
{{fellowship}}

[[Category:Dwarves]]

Sauron

2007-05-21T18:59:19Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:Dominic Norris - Sauron.jpg|250px]]
| name=Sauron
| othernames=[[Annatar]], [[Thû]], [[Necromancer]]
| birth=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| rule=[[FA 590]] - [[TA 3019]]
| age=
| death=Diminished utterly [[TA 3019]]
| realm=[[Tol Sirion]], [[Dol Guldur]], [[Mordor]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Maiar]]
| description=
| characteristics=
|}}

'''Sauron''' was the Lieutenant of [[Morgoth]], who after his fall became his own Dark Lord, his most famous role and the time of his passing recounted in ''[[Lord of the Rings]]''.

His name is pronounced "sour-on" (''sour'' as in not sweet), or in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA IPA] as: {{IPA|/'sɑʊɻɒn/}}.

== First Age ==
In the earliest of days, before the [[Valar]] entered [[Arda]], Sauron was in origin an "angelic" spirit called a [[Maiar|Maia]] in Tolkien's invented mythology. He was at first the chief servant of [[Aulë]], the Smith, one of the Valar, or ruling powers of the world. However, Sauron was soon perverted by the Dark Lord Melkor (later known as [[Morgoth]], an evil Vala), and Sauron himself turned to evil. Ever after, Sauron served Morgoth faithfully, and even in later days, after Morgoth was defeated and locked outside the confines of the world, Sauron encouraged and coerced [[Men]] to worship Morgoth as God. However, while Morgoth wanted to either control or destroy the very matter of [[Arda]] itself, Sauron's desire was to dominate the minds and wills of its creatures. It was in this that Sauron was wiser than Morgoth.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Huan Subdues Sauron.jpg|thumb|left|''Huan Subdues Sauron'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
During the [[First Age]], the [[Noldor]]in [[Elves]] left the [[Blessed Realm]] of [[Valinor]] in the [[West|Utter West]] (against the counsel of the Valar) in order to wage war on Morgoth, who had stolen the precious [[Silmarils]]. In that war, Sauron served as Morgoth's chief lieutenant, surpassing all others in rank. Known as '''''Gorthaur the Cruel''''', Sauron at that time was a master of illusions and changes of form, and [[Werewolves]] were his servants, chief among them [[Draugluin]], Sire of Werewolves, and [[Thuringwethil]], his vampire herald. When Morgoth left [[Angband]] to corrupt the newly awakened [[Men]], Sauron directed the War against the [[Elves]]. He conquered the Elvish isle of [[Tol Sirion]], so that it became known as ''Tol-in-Gaurhoth'', the Isle of Werewolves.

Ten years later, [[Finrod Felagund]], the king of [[Nargothrond]] and former lord of [[Tol Sirion]], died protecting [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] in captivity there; soon afterwards, [[Lúthien]] and [[Huan]] the Wolfhound defeated Sauron in that place and rescued Beren from the dungeons. After his resounding defeat by Lúthien, Sauron played little part in the events of the First Age (possibly hiding from Morgoth), and after his master was defeated and cast out by the Valar, Sauron repented (apparently) and pled for mercy. But he was unwilling to return to the Utter West for judgement, and so he fled and hid.

== Second Age ==
[[Image:Annatar.jpg|thumb|left|''Annatar'' as envisioned by [[Weta]] from [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]]]
After lying hidden and dormant for about one thousand years, Sauron put on a fair visage in the [[Second Age]]. Calling himself '''''Annatar''''', the Lord of Gifts, he befriended the Elvish smiths of [[Eregion]], and counseled them in arts and magic. Not all the Elves trusted him, particularly Lady [[Galadriel]] and [[Gil-galad]], High King of the Ñoldor, but a few listened to them. The Elves forged [[Rings of Power]], but in secret Sauron forged the [[One Ring]] in [[Mount Doom]] to rule the other rings, investing most of his own power into the Ring as he forged it.

In this time Sauron became known as the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]]. He raised [[Barad-dûr]], the Dark Tower, near Mount Doom; constructed the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor to prevent invasion; corrupted nine mortal Men with Rings of Power and turned them into the [[Nazgûl]] (Ringwraiths), his chief servants; and raised massive armies of [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], and Men, chiefly [[Easterlings]] and [[Southrons]]. Because of this, towards the end of the Second Age, Sauron assumed the titles of '''Lord of the Earth''' and '''King of Men'''.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Forging of the One.jpg|thumb|''The Forging of the One'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
This offended the Númenóreans, the powerful Men descended from the line of Beren and Lúthien, who lived on the island of Númenor in the sea between Middle-earth and Valinor. The proud Númenóreans came to Middle-earth with great force of arms, and Sauron's forces fled. Realizing he could not defeat the Numenoreans with military strength, Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. There, he quickly grew from captive to advisor; he converted many Númenóreans to the worship of Morgoth, and raised a great temple in which he performed human sacrifices. Finally, he convinced the king to rebel against the Valar and attack Valinor itself. [[Eru]], the supreme god, then directly intervened: Númenor was drowned under the sea, and the great navy of Númenor was destroyed. Sauron was diminished in the flood of Númenor, and fled back to Mordor, where he slowly rebuilt his strength during the time known as the [[Dark Years]].

From this point on he was unable to assume a fair shape, and ruled now through terror and force. A few faithful Númenóreans were saved from the flood, and they founded [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] in Middle-earth. These faithful Men, led by [[Elendil]] and his sons, allied with the Elven-king, Gil-galad, and together fought Sauron and, after a long war, defeated him, although both Elendil and Gil-galad were killed. [[Isildur]], son of Elendil, cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and claimed it. Later, the Ring betrayed him and was lost for more than two thousand years.

== Third Age ==
In the [[Third Age]], Sauron rose yet again, at first in a stronghold called [[Dol Guldur]], the Hill of Sorcery, in southern [[Mirkwood]]. There he was known as the '''''[[Necromancer]]''''', and the Elves did not recognize him at first. [[Gandalf]] the [[Wizards|Wizard]] stole into Dol Guldur and discovered the truth; eventually the [[White Council]] of Wizards and Elves put forth their might and drove Sauron out. But the White Council was led by [[Saruman]], who wanted the Ring for himself, and Sauron simply moved back to Mordor and raised Barad-dûr again. He fortified Mordor and prepared for war against Gondor and the Elves, with Saruman now his servant.

Sauron bred immense armies of Orcs and allies with which enslaved Men from the east and south. He adopted the symbol of a lidless eye, and he was able at that time to send out his will over Middle-earth, so that the [[Eye of Sauron]] was a symbol of power and fear. It is possible that he could still take physical form other than the lidless eye, as a former Ringbearer, [[Gollum]] (see below) speaks to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] of Sauron only having four fingers on 'the Black Hand'.

After torturing Gollum, he learned that the One Ring had been found by [[Bilbo Baggins]] [[The Hobbit]]. He sent his agents to the [[Shire]], Bilbo's home, only to find that both Bilbo and his nephew, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], had gone. Unbeknownst to Sauron, Frodo had, at the behest of Gandalf, joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] on a quest to destroy the Ring forever by casting it into the fires of Mount Doom, in the heart of Mordor. He rallied his vast armies to conquer the resistance's strongholds, and sent the Ringwraiths to find and kill Frodo. At about this time, he also learned that [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]], Isildur's heir, had also joined the Fellowship, and was rallying armies to defeat his.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Shadow of Sauron.jpg|thumb|220px|left|''The Shadow of Sauron'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
When Saruman's army is defeated at [[Isengard]], Aragorn uses the Palantir of Orthanc to reveal himself to Sauron. Sauron jumps to the conclusion that Aragorn has the ring and sends an army commanded by his strongest servant, The Witch-King of Angmar, to overthrow [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]] in what would become known as the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

Although Sauron loses the Battle of Pelennor Fields, the free forces of the west are greatly weakened, and Sauron still has sufficent armies in reserve to ensure military victory. He is outwitted, however, by the strategy of Gandalf, who urges the captains of the free peoples to march against Sauron, thus diverting the Dark Lord's eye from the real threat of Frodo, the Ring Bearer, who is nearing the end of his quest to destroy the One Ring.

Frodo, however, fails at the last moment, unable to resist the power of the Ring at the place of its birth. But Gollum inadvertently saves him by recovering the Ring in a desperate attempt to possess it and then falling with it into the fire. Thus Sauron's power is unmade, and his corporeal power in Middle-earth comes to an end. His spirit towers above Mordor like a black cloud, but is blown away by a powerful wind from the [[Aman|West]], and Sauron is now permanently crippled, never to rise again. ([[Saruman]] soon suffers a lesser version of this fate.)

== Names and Titles ==
''Sauron'' (originally '''''Thauron''''') is [[Quenya]], and can be translated as ''the Abhorred'' or ''the Abomination''; in [[Sindarin]] he is called ''Gorthaur'' the [[Necromancer]], ''the Abhorred Dread''. He is also called the '''Nameless Enemy''', which is hardly accurate (but perhaps an effort to lessen his psychological impact), whereas Morgoth is the Dark Enemy. The Dúnedain call him '''Sauron the Deceiver''' due to his role in the downfall of Númenor and the Forging of the Rings of Power. His two most common titles, the Dark Lord of Mordor and the ''Lord of the Rings'', appear only a few times in the books. His other titles were similar to Morgoth's.

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
Prior to the publication of ''The Silmarillion'' Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without full access to Tolkien's notes. In early editions of the ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth|Guide to Middle Earth]]'', Sauron is described as "probably of the Eldar elves."

Since the earliest versions of the ''Silmarillion'' legendarium as detailed in [[the History of Middle-earth]] series, Sauron has undergone many changes. The prototype of this character was '''[[Tevildo]]''', lord of the cats, who played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', the '''[[Tale of Tinúviel]]'''. Tevildo later (but still in the ''Book of Lost Tales'' period) was transformed into '''[[Thû]]''', the Necromancer. The name was then changed to '''Gorthû''', '''Sûr''', and finally to Sauron. ''Gorthû'', in the form ''Gorthaur'' remained in ''The Silmarillion''.

== See Also ==
* '''[[:Category:Images of Sauron|Images of Sauron]]'''
* [[Akallabêth]]
* [[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]
* [[The Dark Lord Sauron polystone statue]]

{{maiar}}

[[Category:Maiar]]

The Black Rider

2007-05-21T18:58:43Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

{{fotrsoundtrack}}

'''The Black Rider''' is a track on [[Howard Shore]]'s [[The Fellowship of the Ring Soundtrack]]. It is played during the period of time in the film that [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]] run into [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Sam]] in [[Farmer Maggot]]'s cornfields, tumble down the embankment, and escape the [[Black Riders]] to [[Bucklebury Ferry]].

It begins with a merry, excited, Hobbit-like tune played on the penny-whistle and violin, but quicker and hinting at the mischevious. The brass are bouncing up and down on the scale in the background. Suddenly there is chaos among the two parts that suddenly dissolves into the sinister long, dark bass notes, followed by an eerie chorus gradually entering while the strings dance quietly. It breaks into the brass leaping back and forth on the scale, seeming to peter down, but suddenly breaking once more into a loud chorus as the Black Rider theme is played loud on brass and chorus. Once again the chorus fades, and it begins to run down slowly, ending on a long, yet sinister bass note.

Birthday Toast

2007-05-21T18:58:25Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

The '''Birthday Toast''' was an event held each year at a small gathering in honour of both [[Bilbo Baggins]]' and [[Frodo Baggins]]' birthdays, held each year on the 23rd September 2007 at [[Bag End]] (both hobbits shared the same birthday).

This custom was begun after Bilbo left Bag End after the celebration of his 111th birthday - [[A Long-expected Party]].

The [[Tolkien Society]] has upheld this tradition through a Birthday Toast in honour of the creator of Bilbo and Frodo - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and is held on the author's birthday, 3rd January, each year. The 'toast' itself is: ''"The Professor"''.

Bridge Inn

2007-05-21T18:57:53Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

'''Bridge Inn''', was an inn on the West side of [[Brandywine Bridge]] in the [[Shire]]. It was torn down by the [[Ruffians]] during the [[War of the Ring]], and replaced with a guard house. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Sam]], [[Merry]], and [[Pippin]] were arrested here by the Shirriffs when they returned home from their adventures.

[[Category:Inns]]
[[Category:Shire]]

White Ship

2007-05-21T18:57:38Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Departure at the Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|right|350px|by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
{{quote|In the twilight of autumn it sailed out of Mithlond, until the seas of the Bent World fell away beneath it…|}}[[The Silmarillion]], ''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''.

The '''White Ship''' was the ship that sailed from the [[Grey Havens]] into the [[Uttermost West]], carrying the [[Ring-bearers]] to Aman. Its departure marked the end of the [[Third Age]]. Along with [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] the [[Ring-bearer]] and [[Bilbo]] the [[Ring-finder]] the ship also carried [[Elrond]], and [[Galadriel]], and [[Gandalf the White]], who had been the [[Keepers of the Three Rings]]. They were accompanied to the Grey Havens by [[Gildor Inglorion]] and many other Elves besides, but whether any of these others went aboard the ship with them is not told. It does seem, though, that Gandalf's horse [[Shadowfax]] did make the journey for we see him waiting at the quayside in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', and in one of his Letters, Tolkien says that he sailed away with [[Gandalf]]. The White Ship was one of the last ships to have set sail from the Grey Havens.

[[Category:Ships]]

Barrow-blades

2007-05-21T18:57:19Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

The Daggers of [[Westernesse]] were forged by the [[Dúnedain]] of [[Cardolan]] during their war against the [[Witch-King of Angmar]]. They were apparently made for fighting the [[barrow-wights|barrow wights]] sent from [[Angmar]], and they had the special property to harm wraith-like spirits such as the barrow wights and the [[Nazgûl]]. After the fall of Cardolan, at least four of these daggers ended up in the tomb of the last prince of that realm.

In the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Sam]], [[Merry]], and [[Pippin]] became lost in the [[Barrow Downs]] and were captured by one of the wights and imprisoned in the tomb. Frodo was able to call [[Tom Bombadil]] to their aid, and he opened the tomb and drove the wight away. Tom advised the [[hobbit]]s each to take something with them from the tomb, and gave each of them a dagger. These weapons proved useful later in their journey.

One of these daggers played a special role in [[The Return of the King]]. During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] stabbed the Witch King in the back of the knee with his dagger.
{{quote|But suddenly he too stumbled forward with a cry of bitter pain, and his stroke went wide, driving into the ground. Merry's sword had stabbed him from behind, shearing through the black mantle, and passing up beneath the hauberk had pierced the sinew behind his mighty knee.|[[The Return of the King]], [[The Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]}}

Many fans speculate that the spells on this dagger made the Witch King vulnerable to [[Éowyn|Éowyn's]] more mundane sword, which allowed her to kill him. Both of the weapons used against the Witch-King were destroyed, as well.
{{quote|So passed the sword of the Barrow-downs, work of Westernesse. But glad would he have been to know its fate who wrought it slowly long ago in the North-kingdom when the Dúnedain were young, and chief among their foes was the dread realm of Angmar and its sorcerer king. No other blade, not though mightier hands had wielded it, would have dealt that foe a wound so bitter, cleaving the undead flesh, breaking the spell that knit his unseen sinews to his will.|[[The Return of the King]]}}

{{weapons}}

[[Category:Weapons]]

Boromir's belt

2007-05-21T18:57:00Z

Elemmakil: correcting links

Before the [[Company of the Ring]] left [[Lothlórien]], each of its members was presented with a gift by [[Galadriel]]. Boromir was given a belt of gold. After his death, when [[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]] and [[Legolas]] laid him in his burial boat, "the golden belt of Lórien gleamed about his waist." Later on, [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]] told [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Sam]] that one night he saw the boat by [[Anduin]] and Boromir lay thear dead. Only one thing did he not recognize: "a fair belt, as it were of linked golden leaves, about his waist." Frodo said to Faramir that the belt was given to him in Lórien and just because of that "that was indeed Boromir as I knew him", said he.

[[Category:Objects]]

Bombadil Goes Boating

2007-05-21T18:56:30Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

'''Bombadil Goes Boating''' is a poem written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and was published in [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]. It was closely related to [[The Lord of the Rings]] as Tom shows that he knows much of the recent events in [[the Shire]] thanks to a figure from [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s childhood:
{{quote|He made no secret that he owed his recent knowledge largely to [[Farmer Maggot]], whom he seemed to regard as a person of more importance than they had imagined|Bombadil Goes Boating, The Adventures of Tom Bombadil}}

Tom even travels down the [[Withywindle]] to visit the Farmer and his family, singing and dancing late into the night. There was also a mock-scholarly introduction, in which Tolkien notes that not only did the [[Buckland]] [[hobbits]] compose poetry about Tom Bombadil, "they probably gave him this name (it is Bucklandish in form) to add to his many older ones." But, he writes, "they had as little understanding of his powers as the [[Shire-folk]] had of [[Gandalf]]'s: both were regarded as benevolent persons, mysterious maybe and unpredictable but nonetheless comic."

[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]

Monopoly: The Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition

2007-05-21T18:55:46Z

Elemmakil: correcting links

==Description==
[[Image:Monopoly - The Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Make the journey with the [[Fellowship]] and claim the territories of [[Middle-earth]] in this special edition of the classic Monopoly Game. Gather power as you move in and out of these territories, building strongholds and fortresses to secure your holdings. You may even acquire relics such as the staffs of the [[Wizards]]. Become the most powerful player throughout Middle-earth to be the winner.

Play the classic version or make use of the power of the [[One Ring]] with the special The Lord of the Rings optional play. The [[Eye of Sauron]] advances the One Ring and moves the game along quickly.

This Collector's Edition Includes: six collectible tokens, full-color game board, title deeds representing territories throughout Middle-earth, 32 plastic strongholds and 12 fortresses, PEOPLE and EVENT cards that replace Chance and Community Chest cards, seven Denominations of Power that replace the play money, one special die with the Eye of Sauron, one standard die, gold-toned pewter ring, and collectible tokens depicting [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Gimli]], [[Galadriel]], [[Gandalf]], and [[Legolas]].

For 2 to 6 players.

==Purchase==
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00009YEHI/104-7491024-1773540?v=glance Amazon.com] (49.95)

[[Category:Board games]]

John Boorman's The Lord of the Rings

2007-05-21T18:54:29Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

In the mid-1970s, director [[John Boorman]] planned a film adaptation of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', collaborating with his colleague [[Rospo Pallenberg]] and the current film rights holder and producer [[Saul Zaentz]]. Produced by [[United Artists]], it would have been one long movie with an intermission.

In the script, written by Boorman and Pallenberg, many things were changed and/or added. The first half is largely based on ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. Following the intermission, the writers “dropped things out” and “invented as they went along”.

Among other things, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Galadriel]] have sex, the [[Witch-king]] rides a horse whose "''live, raw, bleeding flesh is exposed''" in lieu of a flying [[fell beast]], and Aragorn uses both shards of [[Narsil]] with the hilt-less half having a makeshift leather handle (before they are reattached).

The project ultimately proved too expensive to finance at that time. Boorman ended up making the Arthurian epic ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur_%28film%29 Excalibur]'' instead, also with Pallenberg's help - where in a draft for that movie’s script they use similar concepts.

==Sources==
*''OUTRE: The World Of Ultramedia'', #26
*[http://forum.barrowdowns.com/showthread.php?t=12786 Discussion at the Barrow-downs], with a summary of the important differences in the script.
*[http://forums.theonering.com/viewtopic.php?t=51271&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=0 Boorman's ''The Lord of the Rings'', from forums.theonering.com], which contains some of the above material plus a extensive list of changes
*[http://dandalf.com/dandalf/ExcaliburScript.html Boorman's ''Excalibur'' script - draft]

[[Category:Films]]

Gifts of Galadriel

2007-05-21T18:54:00Z

Elemmakil: a typo

The '''Gifts of Galadriel''' were items [[Galadriel]] gave to the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] to aid them in their journey.

* Boats for the [[Anduin]]
* [[Lembas]] for food
* The [[Elessar]] for [[Aragorn II]]
* A sheath for [[Andúril]] for [[Aragorn II]].
* A golden belt for [[Boromir son of Denethor II|Boromir]]
* A silver belt for [[Merry]]
* A silver belt for [[Pippin]]
* A [[Galadhrim]] bow strung with elf hair and arrows for [[Legolas]]
* A small grey wooden box with a silver rune "G for Galadriel". In the box was earth from Galadriel's orchard. The box also contained a silver nut from a [[Mallorn]] tree, the last east of the sea. This was given to [[Sam]]
* Three strands of Galadriel's hair for [[Gimli]]
* the [[Phial of Galadriel]] for [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]].

Gifts of Galadriel

2007-05-21T18:53:49Z

Elemmakil: correcting links

The '''Gifts of Galadriel''' were items [[Galadriel]] gave to the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] to aid them in their journey.

* Boats for the [[Anduin]]
* [[Lembas]] for food
* The [[Elessar]] for [[Aragorn II]]
* A sheath for [[Andúril]] for [[Aragorn II]].
* A golden belt for [[Boromit son of Denethor II|Boromir]]
* A silver belt for [[Merry]]
* A silver belt for [[Pippin]]
* A [[Galadhrim]] bow strung with elf hair and arrows for [[Legolas]]
* A small grey wooden box with a silver rune "G for Galadriel". In the box was earth from Galadriel's orchard. The box also contained a silver nut from a [[Mallorn]] tree, the last east of the sea. This was given to [[Sam]]
* Three strands of Galadriel's hair for [[Gimli]]
* the [[Phial of Galadriel]] for [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]].

Oxonmoot

2007-05-21T18:53:09Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

'''Oxonmoot''' is a convention which takes place in Oxford, England in September every year, usually on the weekend closest the 22nd of September: [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Bilbo]]'s birthday.

The moot usually includes talks, a quiz, an art show, a masquerade and other entertainments, a visit to Tolkien's grave in north Oxford, and last, but not least, the chance to spend a weekend in the company of other fans of Tolkien's work. Most of the event is held in an Oxford college.

[[Oxonmoot 2006]] will take place between Friday 15th - Sunday 17th September, 2006.

== External Links ==
* [http://www.tolkiensociety.org/oxon/ Tolkien Society Oxonmoot page]
* [http://www.tolkiensociety.org/oxon/Booking/index.html Online Booking for Oxonmoot 2006]

[[Category:Conventions]]

Riddle of Strider

2007-05-21T18:52:34Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

'''The Riddle of Strider''' is a poem by [[Bilbo Baggins]] in honor of [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]], written when Aragorn first revealed his true identity to Bilbo. Its text reads

:All that is gold does not glitter,
:Not all those who wander are lost;
:The old that is strong does not wither,
:Deep roots are not reached by the frost.
:From the ashes a fire shall be woken,
:A light from the shadows shall spring;
:Renewed shall be blade that was broken,
:The crownless again shall be king.

The poem is first given in [[The Lord of the Rings]] in the letter left for [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] by [[Gandalf]] in [[Bree]]. In that letter, it appears as part of a postscript reminding Frodo to make sure that the "[[Strider]]" he meets is "the real Strider." The poem thus appears in that context as a means of identifying Aragorn. Aragorn indeed later quotes the first two lines, not knowing the poem is in the letter, and this does help to confirm his identity. Bilbo himself recites the poem at the [[Council of Elrond]] when [[Boromir]] expresses doubts about Aragorn's claim to be the [[Heir of Isildur]].

The first line is clearly a re-working of the traditional proverb "All that glitters is not gold," reversing its meaning. The second line, perhaps one of the lines from Tolkien's work most often quoted out of context, refers to Aragorn's travels. The third and fourth lines concern Aragorn's heritage, while the remaining lines describe his destiny. The "blade that was broken" refers to the [[Shards of Narsil]], which is indeed remade for Aragorn.

In [[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]], the last four lines are recited by [[Arwen]] upon her return to [[Rivendell]] as she stands before the Shards of Narsil. She later encourages [[Elrond]] to re-forge the sword, and presumably to deliver it to Aragorn.

A reading of this poem by [[Christopher Lee]] can be found on the [[Tolkien Ensemble]]'s CD At Dawn in Rivendell.

[[Category:Poems]]

User talk:Ardamir/Essays/Entwives

2007-05-21T18:52:01Z

Elemmakil:

I wonder if the distances of the stride of the ents should be informed in the SI-form as well, for I have no idea what's a yard and how much is mph, and I bet I'm not the only one - or is this unnecessary? --[[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] 12:58, 21 May 2007 (EDT)

:1 Yard is 3 feet is 3x 0.3048 metre = 0.9144 metre. A mile per hour is 1.609344km per hour. Easy! ;-) --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 13:24, 21 May 2007 (EDT)

::Oh, I just realised this was user page, not a 'normal' one. Haha well thanks anyway, now it's all crystal clear! :P --[[User:Elemmakil|Elemmakil]] 14:52, 21 May 2007 (EDT)

Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul

2007-05-21T18:49:58Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

{{battle|
image=[[Image:Fotr1117.jpg|300px]] The Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul as depicted in [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]]|
name=Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul|
conflict=Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul|
date=January 15, 3019 T.A.|
place=The [[Chamber of Mazarbul]] in [[Khazad-dûm]]|
result= no victory for either side|
side1=The [[Fellowship of the Ring]]|
side2= The hordes of Moria, the [[Balrog of Moria]]|
commanders1=[[Gandalf]]|
commanders2=The [[Balrog of Moria]]|
forces1=9 combatants|
forces2=Unknown total strength, over 14 [[Moria orcs]] and [[Uruks]], but probably not many more, at least one [[Cave-trolls|Cave-troll]], the Balrog of Moria|
casualties1=
None
casualties2=
14 orcs killed, Cave-troll
}}

A skirmish between the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] and the hordes of Moria in the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]].

==The Books==
===Description===
The Fellowship, having just read fragments of the [[Book of Mazarbul]] inside the Mazarbul chamber, hear the sounds of an approaching band of [[orcs]]. This group includes both [[Moria orcs]] and large, black [[Uruks]] of Mordor. The Fellowship tries to shut the doors to the chamber, but the orcs are already trying to force their way in. A large [[Cave-trolls|Cave-troll]] beats on the door and forces its foot through. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] stabs the foot with [[Sting]], causing the troll to withdraw. Orcs shoot arrows through the door, but they bounce uselessly off the walls of the chamber. At last, the orcs manage to burst their way through the chamber door. A fierce skirmish ensues.

[[Legolas]] shoots two orcs through the throat. [[Gimli]] hews the legs from under one. [[Aragorn]] and [[Boromir]] slay "many" (no exact number is given). During the fight, [[Sam]] receives a small head injury but kills an orc himself. When the Fellowship has killed 13 orcs, the rest of the orcs flee shrieking. But just as the Fellowship is about to leave the chamber, a large orc-chieftain jumps in and pins Frodo to the wall with a spear. Thinking him dead, the Fellowship carries Frodo away, after Aragorn kills the orc. It is later revealed that Frodo received a mere bruise, having been protected by his shirt of [[mithril]] mail.

Gandalf remains in the chamber while the rest of the Fellowship flees and faces the [[Balrog of Moria]] for the first time. Gandalf sets a shutting spell on the chamber door but cannot hold it. The spell is broken and Gandalf follows the Fellowship out of the chamber, down the [[Stairs of Khazad-dûm]].

===References===
[[The Lord of the Rings]]: [[The Fellowship of the Ring]] Book II: Chapter 5: [[The Bridge of Khazad-dûm]].

==The Films==

===Appearances===
* [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Scene 35: Balin's Tomb]] and [[Scene 36: The Bridge of Khazad-dûm]].

===Portrayal===
* The Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul is expanded a great deal in the films, to aid the movie's dramatic flow and pacing, and to make the battle something more meaningful for the Fellowship on screen. The entire Fellowship takes part in the skirmish.
The battle begins when a large group of Moria orcs breaks through the chamber door, after Legolas and Aragorn have shot a few orcs outside the room through holes in the closed door. A furious, fairly prolonged battle ensues. The cave-troll enters the scene early on, breaking into the chamber and nearly killing Sam, who ducks under the troll's legs just in time. The fighting continues, with Legolas, Aragorn, Boromir and Gimli killing many orcs. Sam is able to kill (or at least knock out) a few with one of his iron pans and kills at least one with his sword, along with Merry, early on in the battle. Frodo and Pippin seem to be participating in the fight as well. Peter Jackson likely wanted to involve the entire Fellowship in the skirmish to make it something meaningful to each member, as well as to the group as a whole, it being the Fellowship's first real battle together (in the book, the Fellowship never fights together like this). At one point during the fight, Legolas climbs up onto the Cave-troll's shoulders and shoots its head with two arrows, but to no avail. While swinging madly around the chamber, the Cave-troll smashes [[Balin's Tomb]].
* It is source of debate as to whether or not the "black Uruks of Mordor" described by Tolkien are present in the film.
There are a few orcs that physically look slightly different from the rest, though they wear the same armor. Some have argued that perhaps the Mordor Uruks sent to Moria by Sauron had taken up the Moria orcs' way of life, adopting their armor and weaponry and, thus, have a similar appearance (see [[Moria orcs]]).
* In the film, it is the Cave-troll that chases after Frodo and hits him with a spear (despite Aragorn's brave stand against the troll in an attempt to protect the hobbit), rather than an orc-chieftain.
Jackson likely wanted to bring the Cave-troll into the center of the action, adding greater interest to the battle. It is Legolas who at last kills the Cave-troll by shooting it through the throat with an arrow.

Following a momentary victory, when most of the orcs have been killed or fled the chamber, the Fellowship hears the sound of more orcs approaching and flees through a break in the eastern wall of the chamber, running back through the [[Twenty-first Hall]] (see [[Chamber of Mazarbul]] for notes on geographical changes). The action is extended further in the film, as the Fellowship are soon surrounded by hundreds of Moria orcs, before the Balrog enters the hall.
* Gandalf never has his encounter with the Balrog in the Mazarbul chamber in the movie.
Jackson likely wanted to reserve the revelation of the Balrog for a more dramatic moment on film.

In the [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring Special Extended Edition|extended cut]] of the film, an important character moment is added to the fight, in which Aragorn saves Boromir from an attacking Moria orc. This further develops the relationship between the two men.
Another moment is also only found in the longer cut, in which the troll continues to chase Sam after nearly hitting him with its giant club, and almost steps on the hobbit before Aragorn pulls the troll away with its chain.

===Behind the Scenes===
Coming soon....

===References===
Coming soon....

==Related Links==
Site of Battle: [[Khazad-dûm]] | [[North End]] | [[Seventh Level]] | [[Twenty-first Hall]] | [[Chamber of Mazarbul]]

*[[Balin's Tomb]]

[[Category:Battles]]

The Grey Havens (chapter)

2007-05-21T18:49:08Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

{{rotkchapters}}
'''The Grey Havens''' is the nineth and final chapter, of the sixth and final book, of [[The Return of the King]], the final volume of [[The Lord of the Rings]].

===Summary===
[[The Shire]]’s brief police state overthrown, the [[Hobbits]] rebuild the villages of the region. [[Sam]] opens the box [[Galadriel]] gave him and finds a small silver seed, which he plants. In the [[Party Field]], a sacred tree springs up to replace the old one. Many children are born that year. [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]] become heroes in the Shire, but [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] quietly retires. That spring, Sam marries [[Rosie Cotton]], [[Farmer Cotton]]’s daughter, and they live at [[Bag End]] with Frodo.

Frodo decides to travel to [[Rivendell]] to see [[Bilbo]]. Frodo entrusts to Sam a history of the War, written in part by Bilbo. Frodo, Sam, and others set out. As they enter the [[Woody End]], they meet [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]], who now wear two of the [[Three Elven Rings]]. Riding slowly behind the two elves is Bilbo himself. Sam and Frodo accompany the travelers to the Great Sea. When they reach the gates of the Grey Havens, they find [[Gandalf]] waiting for them. Beyond him is a great white ship, ready to sail to the West across the sea.

Pippin and Merry appear, wishing to be present at Frodo’s departure. Frodo sadly bids farewell to his three friends and boards the ship. Gandalf entreats the three hobbits to enjoy each other’s friendship as they quietly return to the Shire. Sam enters his warm home, where he finds Rosie waiting. She puts their young daughter, [[Elanor]], in his lap, and Sam draws a deep breath and says, “Well, I’m back.”

Homeward Bound

2007-05-21T18:47:59Z

Elemmakil: correcting Frodo-links

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'''Homeward Bound''' is the seventh chapter of the sixth book in [[The Return of the King]].

===Summary===
The [[Hobbits]] are nearing home. [[Gandalf]] asks if [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] feels much pain. Frodo answers that he has been wounded by a knife and by the other torments of his long and heavy burden. Gandalf is silent. The next day, Frodo feels happy, and they travel onward in relative ease. They arrive at [[Bree]] and speak to [[Barliman Butterbur]], the innkeeper who aided them early in the quest. Butterbur, after welcoming them and making them comfortable by the warm fire, tells Gandalf and the Hobbits that their strange warrior gear has scared many locals. Gandalf laughs at this. Gandalf assures Butterbur that now that Sauron has been vanquished, business at the inn will once again pick up, as people will feel more free to travel. Butterbur asks about the dangerous region known as Deadmen’s Dike, which he imagines no one will be visiting. Gandalf asserts that the rightful king will return to that area, and it will become safe and prosperous again. He adds that the king is none other than Aragorn, once known in the inn as [[Strider]]. Butterbur is astonished at this news.

The next day, business in the inn is brisk, as many visitors, unable to restrain their curiosity, come to gawk at Gandalf’s party. Many people ask Frodo whether he has written his memoirs yet. Finally, the [[Company of the Ring|Company]] sets off. Gandalf tells the hobbits that he will not accompany them to [[the Shire]]. His horse, [[Shadowfax]], makes a leap, and Gandalf is gone. Frodo remarks that it feels as though he is falling asleep again, his adventures now over.

Many Partings

2007-05-21T18:47:41Z

Elemmakil: correcting links

{{rotkchapters}}
'''Many Partings''' is the sixth chapter of the sixth book in [[The Return of the King]].

===Summary===
After many days, when the festivities are over, the Company sets out for [[Rivendell]]. [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]] tells [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that he knows the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] wishes for nothing more than to return home. Frodo answers that he wishes first to stop off at Rivendell to visit [[Bilbo]] one last time, as the older Hobbit will likely die soon. [[Arwen]] gives Frodo a white jewel and tells him that he may have the privilege of sailing to the [[Blessed Realm]] in her place.

When the hobbits leave Minas Tirith, they are accompanied by many members of the Gondorian court. They stop at [[Rohan]] and bid farewell to [[Éomer]], honoring the memory of [[Théoden]]. At this feast, Faramir and Éowyn become betrothed. After a brief stay in Rohan, they set off again.

Arriving in [[Isengard]], they meet [[Treebeard]], the [[Ents|Ent]] leader who orchestrated the march on [[Saruman]] in [[The Two Towers]]. The Ents had promised to guard Saruman’s old stronghold of [[Orthanc]], ensuring that the corrupt wizard would never escape. [[Treebeard]] tells them of the flight of many [[Orcs]] and the doom the Orcs met in the forest. He relates that he reported news regularly to Saruman, who would come to the window of Orthanc to listen. But then the wizard withered away. Treebeard, to [[Gandalf]]’s dismay, has released Saruman, for he did not wish to keep such a miserable creature caged. Gandalf warns Treebeard that Saruman still has the power of his voice—a power he has used to his advantage in the past.

Proceeding onward, the group comes upon an old, ragged man leaning on a staff. They recognize him as Saruman. Another beggar in his company is [[Wormtongue]], his former servant. The deposed Saruman is bitter but powerless. [[Galadriel]] and Gandalf offer Saruman mercy and reprieve. Their kindness irritates Saruman, who claims that with his demise, theirs will soon follow. After a few more days of slow and pleasant travel, Galadriel and [[Celeborn]] turn eastward and return home.

The remaining travelers reach Rivendell and the [[House of Elrond]], and they find Bilbo. The old hobbit sits quietly in a small room, surrounded by bits of paper and pencils. The next day, all of Rivendell celebrates Bilbo’s 129th birthday. After a fortnight, Frodo realizes that he must return to [[the Shire]]. Bilbo chooses to remain in Rivendell, for he is far too old for any more travel. Bilbo gives Frodo three books of collected lore entitled [[Translations from the Elvish]], asking Frodo to finish editing them. Before Frodo leaves, Elrond takes the hobbit quietly aside, assuring him that in time he himself will visit the Shire, and he will bring Bilbo with him.