Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

User:Elf-esteem

2023-04-15T15:20:04Z

Elf-esteem:

{{user infobox| image=[[File:Elf-esteem-ponytail-hairsticks.PNG|150px]]| name=Elf-esteem| othernames=| position=| language=English (and a little Sindarin)| location=California| occupation=| birth=| birthlocation=| age=| gender=Female| height=| hair=Medium brown| eyes=Hazel| irc=| email=| facebook=| twitter=| linkedin=| website=elf-esteem.tumblr.com| userboxes=
{{User Elves}}
{{user lore-3}}
{{user feanor evil}}
{{user ref}}
{{User elves}}
{{user firefox}}
{{user balrogwings3}}
{{user entwives3}}
{{user 6m}}

}}

==Hi. I'm Elf-esteem.==

I'll research almost anything that has to do with Tolkien's Elves. I like referring to Tolkien Gateway as a 'reliable resource' when fact checking something because I can cross-reference my books from the reference links. I do so much writing about the Elves anyway that I figured I might as well lend a hand here and there.

My main Tolkien reference material includes: ''The Silmarillion'','' The Hobbit'', ''The Lord of the Rings'', and ''The Histories of Middle-earth'' - in particular, ''Morgoth's Ring'', ''The War of the Jewels'', and ''The Peoples of Middle-earth''. However, I do sometimes use the ''Book of Lost Tales'' (both I and II), Tolkien's published letters, and ''Unfinished Tales'' which has great reference material for Sindar-Silvan Elves. Rarely, a reference from ''The Children of Hurin'' or as I call it, Sadness: The Extended Edition, may be used.

Not all of these references agree, and some of it leads to a conflict of ideas, characterizations, and plot elements that J. R. R. Tolkien never really resolved. I'm pretty much okay with this. To me, if Tolkien wrote it or it was compiled and edited by Christopher Tolkien, it is a reliable canonical reference. Some do not agree with Middle-earth 'canon' extending beyond ''Silmarillion'', ''Hobbit'', and ''LotR'', and that's fine. Some do not even include ''The Silmarillion'' as Middle-earth canon, which makes me sad because. . . Elves.

But canonical disagreements aside, the references from the Legendarium will be there, and it's up to the reader to make their own choices.

==Stuff==
I'm not a mind reader. Most edits are simply my best guess to set something right or provide missing content. I can't promise perfect.

Although I favor the Elves above all others in Middle-earth, my favorite Edain character is Niënor, and my favorite sad ship is Aegnor X Andreth.

* [[User:Elf-esteem/Sandbox]] - My Sandbox

Common Ref Templates for chapters and section headings - Search Template:Letter(s)

:S - ''The Silmarillion''
:H - ''The Hobbit''
:FR - ''The Fellowship of the Ring''
:TT - ''The Two Towers''
:RK - ''The Return of the King''
:MR - ''Morgoth's Ring''
:PM - ''The Peoples of Middle-earth''
:WJ - ''The War of the Jewels''
:UT - ''Unfinished Tales''

==Disclaimer==

My tumblr blog commentary, stories, and opinions do not represent the Tolkien Gateway site in any way. Those posts are solely my responsibility. If there are questions or comments about my blog, please contact me via tumblr regarding the post(s) in question. However, the blog is mostly retired.

User:Elf-esteem

2023-04-15T15:19:33Z

Elf-esteem:

{{user infobox| image=| name=Elf-esteem| othernames=| position=| language=English (and a little Sindarin)| location=California| occupation=| birth=| birthlocation=| age=| gender=Female| height=| hair=Medium brown| eyes=Hazel| irc=| email=| facebook=| twitter=| linkedin=| website=elf-esteem.tumblr.com| userboxes=
{{User Elves}}
{{user lore-3}}
{{user feanor evil}}
{{user ref}}
{{User elves}}
{{user firefox}}
{{user balrogwings3}}
{{user entwives3}}
{{user 6m}}

}}

==Hi. I'm Elf-esteem.==

I'll research almost anything that has to do with Tolkien's Elves. I like referring to Tolkien Gateway as a 'reliable resource' when fact checking something because I can cross-reference my books from the reference links. I do so much writing about the Elves anyway that I figured I might as well lend a hand here and there.

My main Tolkien reference material includes: ''The Silmarillion'','' The Hobbit'', ''The Lord of the Rings'', and ''The Histories of Middle-earth'' - in particular, ''Morgoth's Ring'', ''The War of the Jewels'', and ''The Peoples of Middle-earth''. However, I do sometimes use the ''Book of Lost Tales'' (both I and II), Tolkien's published letters, and ''Unfinished Tales'' which has great reference material for Sindar-Silvan Elves. Rarely, a reference from ''The Children of Hurin'' or as I call it, Sadness: The Extended Edition, may be used.

Not all of these references agree, and some of it leads to a conflict of ideas, characterizations, and plot elements that J. R. R. Tolkien never really resolved. I'm pretty much okay with this. To me, if Tolkien wrote it or it was compiled and edited by Christopher Tolkien, it is a reliable canonical reference. Some do not agree with Middle-earth 'canon' extending beyond ''Silmarillion'', ''Hobbit'', and ''LotR'', and that's fine. Some do not even include ''The Silmarillion'' as Middle-earth canon, which makes me sad because. . . Elves.

But canonical disagreements aside, the references from the Legendarium will be there, and it's up to the reader to make their own choices.

==Stuff==
I'm not a mind reader. Most edits are simply my best guess to set something right or provide missing content. I can't promise perfect.

Although I favor the Elves above all others in Middle-earth, my favorite Edain character is Niënor, and my favorite sad ship is Aegnor X Andreth.

* [[User:Elf-esteem/Sandbox]] - My Sandbox

Common Ref Templates for chapters and section headings - Search Template:Letter(s)

:S - ''The Silmarillion''
:H - ''The Hobbit''
:FR - ''The Fellowship of the Ring''
:TT - ''The Two Towers''
:RK - ''The Return of the King''
:MR - ''Morgoth's Ring''
:PM - ''The Peoples of Middle-earth''
:WJ - ''The War of the Jewels''
:UT - ''Unfinished Tales''

==Disclaimer==

My tumblr blog commentary, stories, and opinions do not represent the Tolkien Gateway site in any way. Those posts are solely my responsibility. If there are questions or comments about my blog, please contact me via tumblr regarding the post(s) in question. However, the blog is mostly retired.

User:Elf-esteem

2023-04-15T15:11:00Z

Elf-esteem:

Celegorm

2016-08-25T23:42:52Z

Elf-esteem: removed uncited conjecture

{{noldor infobox
| name=Celegorm
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Celegorm.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Celegorm" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Celegorm the Fair, ''[[Turcafinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''[[Tyelkormo]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Himlad]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=after {{YT|1190}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|506}}
| deathlocation=[[Second Kinslaying]]: [[Menegroth]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Fëanor]]
| parentage=[[Fëanor]] & [[Nerdanel]]
| siblings=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Fair
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword, spear and bow
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}
'''Celegorm''' was the third son of [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]],<ref name=Eldamar>{{S|Eldamar}}</ref> and a constant companion of his younger brother, [[Curufin]].

Celegorm was a great huntsman, and was a friend of the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Oromë]]. From Oromë he learned great skill of birds and beasts, and could understand a number of their languages.<ref name=Eldamar/> He had brought with him from [[Valinor]] the great hound [[Huan]], a gift from Oromë.<ref name=Beren>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==History==
As with the other [[Sons of Fëanor]], Celegorm was bound by his father's [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] to recover the [[Silmarils]], which had been stolen by the Dark Lord [[Morgoth]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref> This oath caused him and his brothers to follow Fëanor back to [[Middle-earth]]. Upon arrival, and before the rising of the [[Moon]], Celegorm was the one who heard news of [[Orcs]] descending through the [[Vale of Sirion]] to attack [[Círdan]] in the [[Havens of the Falas]]. Celegrom led part of the Elven-host that fell upon the Orcs near the [[Eithel Sirion]] and drove them into the [[Fen of Serech]].<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref>

Celegorm dwelt with his brother Curufin in [[Himlad]] and fortified [[Aglon]], a pass that led northeast into [[Lothlann]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> However, in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] in {{FA|455}} the two brothers were defeated and had to flee with their people<ref>{{GA|148}}</ref> to [[Nargothrond]], where their cousin [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] welcomed them.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>
[[File:Tuuliky - Tyelkormo and Curufinwe.jpg|thumb|left|Tuuliky - ''Tyelkormo and Curufinwe'']]
In {{FA|465|n}},<ref>{{GA|181}}</ref> while he and his brother Curufin lived in Nargothrond they almost took it over at the departure of Finrod Felagund. They captured [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], daughter of King [[Thingol]] of Doriath. Celegorm wished to marry her, thus forcing a bond of kinship with Thingol. Huan, however, broke with his master and helped Lúthien escape. He was expelled from Nargothrond with his brother at the order of [[Orodreth]].<ref name=Beren/>

Because of the deeds of Celegorm and Curufin, in {{FA|468|n}} Orodreth refused to join the [[Union of Maedhros]]<ref>{{GA|212}}</ref> before the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

Celegorm fell in the [[Second Kinslaying]] in {{FA|506|n}},<ref>{{WJ|Years}}</ref> when the [[Sons of Fëanor]] attacked Doriath to seize a Silmaril in the possession of the Elvish King [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]]. Dior and Celegorm slew each other in the halls of [[Menegroth]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Celegorm's [[father-name]] was '''''[[Turcafinwë]]''''', which in [[The Shibboleth of Feanor]] is translated as "Strong, powerful(in body) Finwë". His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''''[[Tyelkormo]]''''', meaning "Hasty-riser" a reference to his quick temper. ''[[Tyelka]]'', in [[Quenya]], is an adjective which means "swift, agile or hasty".<ref>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref> The name Celegorm is the [[Sindarin]] version of his [[Amilessë|mother-name]]. The [[Sindarin]] ''[[celeg]]'' has the same meaning as tyelka, as they are both derived from the root ''kyelek''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''''KYELEK-'''''</ref>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]] ''b. {{YT}}''| MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FEA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]] ''d. {{FA|587}}''|MAG=[[Maglor]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL='''CELEGORM''' ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CAR=[[Caranthir]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CUR=[[Curufin]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|AMD=[[Amrod]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''|AMR=[[Amras]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]] ''d. {{SA|1697}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==See Also==
* [[:Category:Images of Celegorm|Images of Celegorm]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Sons of Fëanor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[de:Celegorm]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:celegorm]]
[[fi:Celegorm]]

Baragund

2016-08-25T03:01:22Z

Elf-esteem: Unnecessary, muddling family details that can be easily skimmed from looking at the genealogy. I see no reason to include it. Just like everyone doesn't need a title - everyone does not need to be noted as the relative or spouse of so and so.

{{Edain infobox
| name=Baragund
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{FA|420}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{FA|460}}
| deathlocation=[[Tarn Aeluin]]
| age=40
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Bëor]]
| parentage=[[Bregolas]]
| siblings=[[Beleth]] and [[Belegund]]
| spouse=
| children=[[Morwen]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Baragund''' ({{FA|420}}-{{FA|460|n}}) was a descendent of [[Bëor]], and a member of [[Barahir's Outlaw Band]].
__NOTOC__
== History ==
Baragund was the son of [[Bregolas]]. He had only one daughter, [[Morwen]], with an unnamed wife.<ref>{{WJ|14}}, ''(i) House of Bëor'', p. 231</ref> Baragund and his brother Belegund partook in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] under the command of their uncle [[Barahir]]. They survived, but were beaten back.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> With Barahir and ten others, they formed a small band and lived as [[Barahir's Outlaw Band|outlaws]] in [[Dorthonion]], near [[Tarn Aeluin]].

They lived in hiding for some time, until [[Morgoth]]'s agents captured [[Gorlim]] and coerced him into giving the location of their hideaway. [[Orcs]] were sent to raid it, and succeeded. Baragund and the outlaws were killed. Only [[Beren]] survived, as he had been away on an errand.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | BRE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |BRE=[[Bregor]] ''{{FA|359|n}} - {{FA|448|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ARA |y| BRE | | HIR | | BRG | | GIL | | BAR |y| EME | | |ARA=[[Arachon]] ''unknown''|BRE=[[Bregil]] ''b. {{FA|386|n}}''|HIR=[[Hirwen]] ''{{FA|389|n}}''|BRG=[[Bregolas]] ''{{FA|393|n}} - {{FA|455|n}}''|GIL=[[Gilwen]] ''b. {{FA|397|n}}''|BAR=[[Barahir]] ''{{FA|400|n}} - {{FA|460|n}}''|EME=[[Emeldir]] ''b. {{FA|406|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | BRA | | BEL | | BET | | BAR | | BEG | | | | BER |y| LUT |BRA=[[Brandir (son of Arachon)|Brandir]] ''b. {{FA|409|n}}''|BEL=[[Beldis]] ''b. {{FA|411|n}}''|BET=[[Beleth]] ''b. {{FA|417|n}}''|BAR='''BARAGUND''' ''{{FA|420|n}} - {{FA|460|n}}''|BEG=[[Belegund]] ''{{FA|422|n}} - {{FA|460|n}}''|BER=[[Beren]] ''{{FA|432|n}} - {{FA|503|n}}''|LUT=[[Lúthien]] ''{{YT|1200}} - {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | BRA | | HUR |y| MOR | | RIA |y| HUO | | DIO | | |BRA=[[Brandir|Brandir the Lame]] ''{{FA|465|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''|HUR=[[Húrin]] ''{{FA|441|n}} - {{FA|502|n}}''|MOR=[[Morwen]] ''{{FA|441|n}} - {{FA|501|n}}''|RIA=[[Rían]] ''{{FA|450|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|HUO=[[Huor]] ''{{FA|444|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|DIO=[[Dior]] ''{{FA|470|n}} - {{FA|506|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | TUO | | | | | | | | |TUR=[[Túrin]] ''{{FA|464|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''|LAL=[[Lalaith]] ''{{FA|466|n}} - {{FA|469|n}}''|NIE=[[Nienor]] ''{{FA|473|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''|TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Etymology==
The full meaning of ''Baragund'' is unknown. The first element is said to consist of the [[Noldorin|Exilic Noldorin]] word ''[[bara]]'' ("fiery, eager").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 351</ref> The second element could perhaps be ''[[gund]]'' (cf. [[Felagund#Etymology|Felagund]]).
{{references}}
{{Outlaws}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Edain]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Bëor]]
[[de:Baragund]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:1a:peuple_de_beor:baragund]]
[[fi:Baragund]]

User:Elf-esteem/Sandbox

2016-08-17T02:42:57Z

Elf-esteem: /* Stuff to do */

Celegorm

2016-08-11T05:40:34Z

Elf-esteem: where exactly? Cite the sources Nienna-eve. It does not need bold font, and it's written lower case. Nerdanel does not have red hair - where exactly was that stated? You're hedging a conclusion based on conjecture.

{{noldor infobox
| name=Celegorm
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Celegorm.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Celegorm" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Celegorm the Fair, ''[[Turcafinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''[[Tyelkormo]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Himlad]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=after {{YT|1190}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|506}}
| deathlocation=[[Second Kinslaying]]: [[Menegroth]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Fëanor]]
| parentage=[[Fëanor]] & [[Nerdanel]]
| siblings=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Fair
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword, spear and bow
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}
'''Celegorm''' was the third son of [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]],<ref name=Eldamar>{{S|Eldamar}}</ref> and a constant companion of his younger brother, [[Curufin]]. Celegorm was somewhat anomalously described as the only son of Fëanor and Nerdanel who was fair-haired unlike the dark or red hair of his parents or any of his siblings.{{fact}} Thus, he was known as Celegorm the fair.{{fact}}

Celegorm was a great huntsman, and was a friend of the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Oromë]]. From Oromë he learned great skill of birds and beasts, and could understand a number of their languages.<ref name=Eldamar/> He had brought with him from [[Valinor]] the great hound [[Huan]], a gift from Oromë.<ref name=Beren>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==History==
As with the other [[Sons of Fëanor]], Celegorm was bound by his father's [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] to recover the [[Silmarils]], which had been stolen by the Dark Lord [[Morgoth]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref> This oath caused him and his brothers to follow Fëanor back to [[Middle-earth]]. Upon arrival, and before the rising of the [[Moon]], Celegorm was the one who heard news of [[Orcs]] descending through the [[Vale of Sirion]] to attack [[Círdan]] in the [[Havens of the Falas]]. Celegrom led part of the Elven-host that fell upon the Orcs near the [[Eithel Sirion]] and drove them into the [[Fen of Serech]].<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref>

Celegorm dwelt with his brother Curufin in [[Himlad]] and fortified [[Aglon]], a pass that led northeast into [[Lothlann]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> However, in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] in {{FA|455}} the two brothers were defeated and had to flee with their people<ref>{{GA|148}}</ref> to [[Nargothrond]], where their cousin [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] welcomed them.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>
[[File:Tuuliky - Tyelkormo and Curufinwe.jpg|thumb|left|Tuuliky - ''Tyelkormo and Curufinwe'']]
In {{FA|465|n}},<ref>{{GA|181}}</ref> while he and his brother Curufin lived in Nargothrond they almost took it over at the departure of Finrod Felagund. They captured [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], daughter of King [[Thingol]] of Doriath. Celegorm wished to marry her, thus forcing a bond of kinship with Thingol. Huan, however, broke with his master and helped Lúthien escape. He was expelled from Nargothrond with his brother at the order of [[Orodreth]].<ref name=Beren/>

Because of the deeds of Celegorm and Curufin, in {{FA|468|n}} Orodreth refused to join the [[Union of Maedhros]]<ref>{{GA|212}}</ref> before the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

Celegorm fell in the [[Second Kinslaying]] in {{FA|506|n}},<ref>{{WJ|Years}}</ref> when the [[Sons of Fëanor]] attacked Doriath to seize a Silmaril in the possession of the Elvish King [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]]. Dior and Celegorm slew each other in the halls of [[Menegroth]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Celegorm's [[father-name]] was '''''[[Turcafinwë]]''''', which in [[The Shibboleth of Feanor]] is translated as "Strong, powerful(in body) Finwë". His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''''[[Tyelkormo]]''''', meaning "Hasty-riser" a reference to his quick temper. ''[[Tyelka]]'', in [[Quenya]], is an adjective which means "swift, agile or hasty".<ref>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref> The name Celegorm is the [[Sindarin]] version of his [[Amilessë|mother-name]]. The [[Sindarin]] ''[[celeg]]'' has the same meaning as tyelka, as they are both derived from the root ''kyelek''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''''KYELEK-'''''</ref>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]] ''b. {{YT}}''| MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FEA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]] ''d. {{FA|587}}''|MAG=[[Maglor]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL='''CELEGORM''' ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CAR=[[Caranthir]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CUR=[[Curufin]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|AMD=[[Amrod]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''|AMR=[[Amras]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]] ''d. {{SA|1697}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==See Also==
* [[:Category:Images of Celegorm|Images of Celegorm]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Sons of Fëanor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[de:Celegorm]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:celegorm]]
[[fi:Celegorm]]

Maiar

2016-07-13T07:56:28Z

Elf-esteem: Incorrect Anon - Mairon was Sauron not Saruman Undo revision 288459 by 50.137.227.164 (talk)

{{Cleanup}}
{{people
| image=[[File:Kimberly - Osse and Uinen.jpg|250px]]
| name=Maiar
| dominions= [[Aman]], [[Middle-earth]]
| languages= [[Valarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Black Speech]], [[Westron]]
| height=
| skincolor=
| haircolor=
| distinctions=[[Immortality]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| members= [[Eönwë]], [[Ilmarë]], [[Ossë]], [[Uinen]], [[Sauron]], [[Istari]], [[Balrogs]], [[Melian]]
}}
The '''Maiar''' (singular '''Maia'''; [[Quenya]], pronounced {{IPA|[ˈmaɪ.ar]}}) were those spirits which descended to [[Arda]] to help the [[Valar]] shape the World. They were numerous, yet not many were named, and few also took visible shapes in Middle-Earth. The Maiar were [[Ainur]] — technically, any Ainu that is not counted as a Vala is a Maia.

==History==
Their chiefs were [[Eönwë]], banner-bearer and herald of [[Manwë]], and [[Ilmarë]], the handmaid of [[Varda]].

Each of the Maiar was associated with one or more particular Vala, and were of similar stock, though less powerful. For example, [[Ossë]] and [[Uinen]], as spirits of the sea, belonged to [[Ulmo]], while [[Curumo]], who came to be known in [[Middle-earth]] as [[Saruman]], belonged to [[Aulë]] the Smith.

Others included [[Mairon]], also originally of Aulë's people, who later became known as [[Sauron]], [[Aiwendil]], who was known in Middle-earth as [[Radagast]] the Brown and belonged to the people of [[Yavanna]], and [[Olórin]], known as [[Gandalf]], who belonged to [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]], but his ways took him often to the house of [[Nienna]]. From her, he learned pity and patience, which perhaps aided him in his later struggles to unite the Free peoples of Middle-earth against the power of Sauron.

The [[Blue Wizards]] travelled to the east, and never returned to the west. Their fate is unknown. The [[Balrogs]], like Sauron, were Maiar corrupted by [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. Their associated Vala is not known. [[Melian]] served both [[Vána]] and [[Estë]].<ref>{{S|IIc}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The [[Quenya]] name ''Maiar'' means "the Beautiful".<ref>{{HM|MR}}, p. 49</ref>

==Individuals==
*[[Arien]]
*[[Radagast|Aiwendil]] (Radagast)
*[[Blue Wizards|Alatar]] (one of the Blue Wizards)
*[[Saruman|Curumo]] (Saruman)
*[[Eönwë]]
*[[Durin's Bane]]
*[[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]
*[[Ilmarë]]
*[[Sauron|Mairon]] (Sauron)
*[[Melian]]
*[[Gandalf|Olórin]] (Gandalf)
*[[Ossë]]
*[[Blue Wizards|Pallando]] (one of the Blue Wizards)
*[[Salmar]]
*[[Tilion]]
*[[Uinen]]

===Descendants of [[Melian]]===
*[[Lúthien]] (1/2 Maia)
*[[Dior]] (1/4 Maia)
*[[Elwing]] (1/8 Maia)
*[[Elrond]] (1/16 Maia)
*[[Elros]] (1/16 Maia)
*[[Arwen]] (1/32 Maia)
*[[Elladan]] (1/32 Maia)
*[[Elrohir]] (1/32 Maia)
*[[Eldarion]] (1/64 Maia)

{{references}}

{{ainur}}

[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Maiar]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/ainur/maiar]]
[[fi:Maiar]]

File:Steamey - Vána.jpg

2016-07-07T01:54:43Z

Elf-esteem: previously uploaded (by Nienna-eve) without any artist credit and did not link to categories

== Summary ==
Vána the Ever-young
== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|Steamey|http://steamey.deviantart.com/|Steamey}}

[[Category:Images by Steamey]]
[[Category:Images of Vána]]

Half-elven

2016-06-22T23:38:27Z

Elf-esteem:

'''Half-elven''' ([[Sindarin]] singular '''Peredhel''', plural '''Peredhil'''), are the children of the union of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Half-elven are not a distinct race ''per se''; rather, they were fertile offspring as the result of a union between Elves and Men. There are four recorded unions of the Eldar with the Edain.

In ''The Silmarillion'', Lúthien married Beren and Idril married Tuor.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref><ref name="Gondolin">{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> In the [[First Age]], these two lines of Peredhil were then joined by the marriage of Eärendil and Elwing. Eärendil and Elwing were the first to receive the choice of fates which passed to their line. Their sons, Elros and Elrond, chose different fates and the line was sundered until the end of the [[Third Age]].

In ''The Lord of the Rings'', when Arwen Undómiel wed [[Aragorn II Elessar]],<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref> a distant descendant of Elros Tar-Minyatur, it united the long-sundered lines of those descended from both Elves and Men. There is also mention of an Elven bloodline in Prince [[Imrahil]]<ref name="Debate">{{RK|Debate}}</ref> via the old tale of [[Mithrellas]] and [[Imrazor|Imrâzor]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>{{rp|220-2}}

==History==
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Descendants of Thingol.jpg|thumb|left|225px|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Descendants of Thingol'']]
The first bond between Elves and Men was the marriage of [[Beren Erchamion]] and [[Lúthien Tinúviel]], from which a single son, [[Dior Eluchíl]], was born. Dior Eluchíl wed [[Nimloth of Doriath]], and the two of them had three children: twin sons [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]], and daughter [[Elwing|Elwing the White]]. Dior, wore the Silmaril which passed to him from his mother, Lúthien, and this awakened the oath of the [[Fëanorians]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> Eluréd and Elurín were abandoned in the woods outside Doriath by the vengeful servants of Celegorm in retribution for their father's killing of their master; they were never found, even when [[Maedhros|Maedhros Fëanorion]] searched for them.

The next bond came about through the union of [[Tuor]] son of [[Huor]] and [[Idril Celebrindal]], from which another son, [[Eärendil]], was born. Eärendil and Elwing begat another pair of twin sons: [[Elrond|Elrond Peredhel]] and [[Elros Tar-Minyatur]]. Elros chose the fate of Men, and thus bore no more descendants bearing the title of "Half-Elven," but his brother Elrond chose the fate of Elven-kind.

Elrond wed [[Celebrían]], daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]], and bore three children: twin sons [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and daughter [[Arwen Undómiel]]. Aragorn and Arwen were parents to a son, [[Eldarion]], as well as several daughters, thus leaving a remnant of the proud Elven lineage even after the Firstborn had long passed over the sea and out of time and memory. Though these children were long-lived, like Númenóreans had been and Eldarion ruled for at least 100 years,<ref>{{L|338}}</ref> they were mortal.

Of the half-elves, Eärendil and Elwing were specifically given a choice in their fates when they journeyed to Valinor with a Silmaril to beg pardon for the [[Noldor]] and plead the plight of Elves and Men to the Valar. Only after that event was the choice passed to their children.<ref name="Voyage">{{S|Voyage}}</ref> The half-elven of this line were given a choice to be counted as one of the [[Eldar]] (Elves), thus being immortal, or one of the [[Edain]] (Men), thus being mortal. There is no evidence that any other mixed bloodline shared in that choice of fate. There is evidence that other, later half-elves did not as the children of Mithrellas, [[Galador]] and [[Gilmith]], were enobled but mortal like their father, as were their descendants.<ref name="Debate"/>
[[Image:Līga Kļaviņa - Family.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Family'']]
While Eärendil was truly half-elven, his Adan father, Tuor, had been granted the fate of the elder race.<ref name="Gondolin"/> Elwing and her father, Dior, were not truly half-elven as they were descendants of the divine bloodline of [[Melian]]. However, all three of them, Dior, Eärendil, and Elwing, bore a Silmaril, before the choice of fates, which was a hallowed jewel that would not have suffered the touch of mortals.<ref>{{S|Unrest}}</ref> While the following specifically states: "in the dawn of years Elves and Men were allies and held themselves akin . . . and in the glory and beauty of the Elves, and in their fate, full share had the offspring of elf and mortal, Eärendil, and Elwing, and Elrond their child," it does not necessarily exclude Elwing's father and brothers or Elrond's brother, Elros, prior to his choice.<ref>{{S|Men}}</ref>

It may have been Tolkien's intent that once the choice was decreed for the specific line of Eärendil and Elwing, any born after that time with mortal blood in their veins, would be mortal. In an older version of ''The Silmarillion'', when Manwë spoke his judgment to Eärendil, this line appeared: "now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them."<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}</ref> That part of the judgment did not appear in the 1977 edition.

===The half-elven lines===
Those who through indirect textual evidence (sharing a divine heritage and/or handling the Silmaril unscathed) are counted among the Eldar are bold faced; those who chose to be counted as an Elda rather than an Adan are italicized; those who were counted among the Edain (or who had not made the choice either way) are not. Their actual mathematical descent from elves is in a fraction in parentheses.

The important half-elven were:
* '''[[Dior]]''', son of Man [[Beren]] and Elf [[Lúthien]], grandson of the [[Maia]] [[Melian]]. (1/4)

* ''[[Eärendil]]'', son of the Man [[Tuor]] and Elf [[Idril]] (1/2)

Eärendil would rather have chosen the kindred of Men, but he chose the Elves for his wife Elwing's sake, who chose the Elves.<ref name="Voyage"/> Eärendil's fate was special; however, he was not allowed to stay in [[Valinor]], but had to sail the heavens in his ship [[Vingilótë]]. The [[Silmaril]] of Beren and Lúthien on was bound on his brow, to shine brightly as a sign of hope for [[Middle-earth]]. Elwing resided in a white tower built northward on the borders of the Sundering Sea and met him upon his return.<ref name="Voyage"/>

* ''[[Elwing]]'', daughter of Dior and [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]. (5/8)

Elwing's father, Dior, was the son of Beren and Lúthien, and he and his children with the Elf Nimloth of [[Doriath]]: Eluréd, Elurín, and Elwing were of the three-fold races: Edain, Eldar, and Maiar. Dior and his wife were slain in the [[Second Kinslaying]], Elwing escaped, and the fate of Eluréd and Elurín is not known.<ref name="Doriath">{{S|Doriath}}</ref> Elwing was given her choice of kindred and chose the Eldar.

* '''[[Eluréd]]''' and '''[[Elurín]]''', sons of Dior and Nimloth. (5/8)

* ''[[Elrond]]'', son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)

The heirs of Elrond, including Arwen Undómiel, also had the free choice of kindred, therefore Arwen could choose to be counted amongst the Edain even though her father had chosen to be counted as Elven. The heirs of Elros were not given this choice, but their lifespan was enhanced many times that of normal Men. In later times, the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] Kings, descendants of Elros, regretted their forefather's choice, and this helped lead to the downfall of Númenor.

* [[Elros]], also son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)

* [[Arwen]], daughter of Elrond and [[Celebrían]]. (25/32)

Arwen, daughter of Elrond, married [[Aragorn]], distant heir of Elros, and thus the two Half-elven lines were merged in the [[Fourth Age]]. Their son [[Eldarion]] and their daughters were not counted as Half-elven, but rather as [[Dúnedain]] restored.

* [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], sons of Elrond and Celebrían. (25/32)

They were bound to not make their choice until their father had set out to depart from Middle-earth; the texts do not reveal their final choices. However, like Arwen, until the choice was made at the time of Elrond's departure, his children "shall live with the youth of the Eldar."<ref>{{App|A1v}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kinship of the Half-elven]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[de:Halbelben]]
[[fi:Puolhaltiat]]

Fanfiction

2016-06-20T18:31:44Z

Elf-esteem: Anon: "the Estate has not sought to halt the distribution of noncommercial fan fiction." Use the Talk page to discuss concerns. Undo revision 288321 by 71.173.22.227 (talk)

'''Fanfiction''' (abbreviated '''fanfic''') is a term describing pieces of writing that use characters and settings from the original work of another author, created by fans of that work. Tolkien's [[legendarium]] is one of the more popular bases for fanfiction,<ref>For example, as of August 2010 'Lord of the Rings' was the fourth largest category at [http://www.fanfiction.net/ FanFiction.net].</ref> which is usually published on the internet.

According to [[Sumner Gary Hunnewell]], the oldest published fan fiction was the poem "The Passing of the Elven-kind" by Ted Johnstone, which appeared in the fantasy fanzine ''All Mimsy'', issue 5 (November [[1959]]).<ref>[[Sumner Gary Hunnewell]], ''[http://efanzines.com/TFR/TolkienFandom2ndEd.pdf Tolkien Fandom Review
from its beginnings to 1964]'' (accessed 14 January 2014)</ref>

==Legality of Tolkien fan fiction==
:''See also: [[Wikipedia:Legal issues with fan fiction]]''
Most national copyright laws acknowledge the concept of ''derivative works'', meaning works that incorporate elements from an earlier copyrighted work, and gives the copyright holder of the original the right to control the distribution of derivatives. Fan fiction is generally thought to constitute a derivative work because, while ideas ''per se'' are not copyrightable, specific characters and concepts are considered intellectual property (as unregistered trade marks), and derivative works are not protected by ''fair use'' exemptions because they are not parody or criticism.<ref name="ChillingEffects">[http://www.chillingeffects.org/fanfic/ Chilling Effects Clearinghouse: Fan Fiction].</ref><ref name="ChillingEffectsFAQ">[http://www.chillingeffects.org/fanfic/faq.cgi FAQ About Fan Fiction - Chilling Effects Clearinghouse]. Updated Retrieved 2010-09-01.</ref> Therefore whether or not fan fiction is 'allowed' is at the discretion of individual authors: few will permit derivative work by fans to be published on a commercial basis, but the existence of non-commercial fan fiction on the internet is, generally speaking, tolerated, if nothing else by virtue of inaction. That said, they exist in a legally precarious state, and some authors (such as Anne Rice) have chosen to actively prevent fan fiction based on their work from being distributed.<ref name="Guardian">Pauli, M. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2002/dec/05/internet.onlinesupplement1 Working the web: Fan fiction]. ''The Guardian'' 5 December 2002.</ref>

In an [http://www.tolkienestate.com/faq/p_2/ FAQ entry on their website] the [[Tolkien Estate]] discourage fan fiction based on Tolkien's works:
{{blockquote|'''Can I / someone else write / complete / develop my / their own version of one of these unfinished tales ? (or any others)''' 
The simple answer is NO. 
You are of course free to do whatever you like for your own private enjoyment, but there is no question of any commercial exploitation of this form of "fan-fiction". 
Also, in these days of the Internet, and privately produced collectors’ items for sale on eBay, we must make it as clear as possible that the Tolkien Estate never has, and never will authorize the commercialisation or distribution of any works of this type. 
The Estate exists to defend the integrity of J.R.R. Tolkien’s writings. Christopher Tolkien's work as his father’s literary executor has always been to publish as faithfully and honestly as possible his father's completed and uncompleted works, without adaptation or embellishment.}}
And in the past they have successfully taken legal action against commercial derivative works that infringed Tolkien's trademarks, e.g. in the case of a children's entertainer operating under the name "Gandalf the Wizard Clown".<ref name="ChillingEffectsFAQ" /> But as yet the Estate has not sought to halt the distribution of noncommercial fan fiction.

Tolkien himself received at least two requests to allow the publication of two fan-written sequels to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', both of which he (somewhat indignantly) refused.<ref name="Letter292">{{L|292}}.</ref> He also, on several occasions, expressed the opinion that made-up names and words should have just as strong protection under copyright law as entire works of fiction, on the basis that he put a great deal of effort into their creation.<ref name="Letter292" /><ref>{{L|258}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Fanfictions]]
*[[Fanon]]
*[[Neo-Elvish]]

==External links==

* [http://www.fanfiction.net/book/Lord_of_the_Rings/ FanFiction.net - Lord of the Rings]
* [http://www.fanfiction.net/book/Silmarillion/ FanFiction.net - Silmarillion]
* [http://www.lotrfanfiction.com/ Lord of the Rings Fanfiction]
* [http://www.henneth-annun.net Henneth Annûn Story Archive]
* [http://www.storiesofarda.com/ Stories of Arda]
* [http://www.tolkienfanfiction.com Tolkien Fan Fiction]
* [http://forum.barrowdowns.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi The Barrow-Downs: Middle-earth Fan Fiction]
* [http://tolkienbrasil.com/noticias/sobre-continuacoes-senhor-dos-aneis-em-novos-livros-e-filmes/ Sobre Continuações do Senhor dos Anéis em livros e filmes ]
===Copyright discussion===
* [[Helge Fauskanger]]'s [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/intro.rtf Introduction] to his [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/qcourse.htm Quenya Course] - Includes the section "The Question of Copyright" with some opinions about whether the usage of [[Elvish]] names and words violates copyright.
{{references}}
[[Category: Fandom]]
[[de:Fan-Fiction]]

Teleri

2016-06-20T18:25:23Z

Elf-esteem: Incorrect Anon, Elvish has diphthongs. (mentioned in PE 19) Undo revision 288288 by 189.84.196.173 (talk)

{{disambig-two|the Third Clan in general|Teleri of Aman|[[Falmari]]}}
{{people
|image=[[File:Marya Filatova - One of the Teleri.jpg|250px]]
|name=Teleri
|dominions=[[Alqualondë]], [[Isle of Balar]], [[Ossiriand]], [[Doriath]], [[Tol Eressëa]], [[Edhellond]], [[Mithlond]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Mirkwood]]
|languages=[[Common Telerin]], [[Telerin]], [[Sindarin]], [[Nandorin]]
|height=Tall
|length=
|skincolor=White
|haircolor=Dark, silver
|feathers=
|distinctions=Adoration for the sea/forest
|lifespan=Immortal
|members=[[Elwë]], [[Olwë]], [[Celeborn]], [[Círdan]], [[Lenwë]]
}}
The '''Teleri''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈtɛlɛərɪ]}}) were the third of the [[Elves|Elf]] clans who took the [[Great Journey]]. To them belonged the [[Valinor]]ean Teleri (known as the [[Falmari]]), and the [[Sindar]], [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]], and [[Nandor]] of [[Middle-earth]].

At first they were known as '''[[Nelyar]]''' ("The Third"), and were the largest of the three houses of the Firstborn. According to legend, they were descended from [[Enel]], the third Elf to [[Awakening of the Elves|awake]] in [[Cuiviénen]], his spouse [[Enelyë]] and their seventy-two companions; most of the [[Avari]] originally belonged to this clan.

In ancient times they named themselves '''[[Teleri#Names|Lindar]]''', or "Singers", because they were known for their fair voice.

==History==
According to legend, the clan was founded by [[Enel]], the third Elf to awake at [[Cuiviénen]]. With him were his spouse [[Enelyë]] and their 72 companions, and this clan became known as the '''Nelyar'''.

=== During the Great Journey ===

When the [[Valar]] decided to bring the [[Quendi]] to [[Aman]], they chose three ambassadors. [[Ingwë]], [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë]] travelled there and tried to convince their people to make the journey. Out of the original 74 Nelyar who awoke at Cuiviénen, 28 refused and became part of the [[Avari]], "The Unwilling".

The Teleri clan was so numerous that it was led both by Elwë and his brother [[Olwë]]. They were the last clan to depart, and the only ones who were unwilling to leave the wild lands of [[Middle-earth]] and were usually the hindmost of the [[Great Journey]]. In their earliest days they had begun the crafting of rafts and paddle-driven boats, and their ships became larger and stronger upon their need to traverse the [[Sea of Rhûn]] on their westward journey.<ref>{{PM|Last}} p. 391-392</ref> After travelling for many years, the Teleri stopped near river [[Anduin]] being frightened by the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]] ([[Misty Mountains]]). Then a group led by [[Lenwë]] departed from the journey and headed south. They were called the [[Nandor]] ("Those who turn back"). Eventually, the other Teleri passed the Misty Mountains and reached Eastern [[Beleriand]] near the river [[Gelion]].

That was the time when Elwë fell in love with [[Melian]] the [[Maiar|Maia]] and became separated from the Teleri, standing in the forest of [[Nan Elmoth]] for a long time only staring at her. Olwë became their leader, but some Teleri, especially Elwë's friends and close relatives were searching for him for a long time and refused to continue their journey without him. Those in [[Sindarin]] were known as the [[Eglath]] as they forsook the Great Journey.

Being the hindmost, the Teleri were still near [[Gelion]] and failed to hear [[Ulmo]]'s call when the Vanyar and the Noldor travelled into the West. When they learned that the others had already departed, they headed to the shores of Beleriand near the mouth of the river [[Sirion]] waiting for [[Ulmo]]. The Maia [[Ossë]] kept them company while they waited, and became their friend. When they first beheld the sea, the Teleri became enamoured with it, and ever after desired to live close to the shore, being named 'Sea-elves' in Aman. <ref>{{S|3}}</ref>

Later, when Ulmo arrived again with the island ferry, most of the Teleri agreed to travel. Again, there were some who wanted to stay with Ossë, and they became known as [[Falathrim]] in Sindarin, with [[Círdan|Nowë]] as their leader.

Out of the 46 original Telerin Eldar who began the Great Journey, only 20 among them arrived in Aman with their offspring, whereas the other 26 firstborn remained in Middle-earth as Sindar or Nandor.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}} p. 381</ref>

=== After the Great Journey ===

The island was stabilized by Ulmo near the [[Bay of Eldamar]], and it was named [[Tol Eressëa]], ''The Lonely Island''. The Teleri lived there for many years until they felt that they should see the other [[Eldar]] who lived in Aman proper. With the help of Ossë they built ships and travelled to the coasts of Aman, where they dwelt. There Olwë built [[Alqualondë]], the greatest city of Teleri, and its people were united with the people of [[Tirion]] and [[Finwë]].

In Beleriand, Elwë and Melian recovered from their enchantment. He united the Eglath who stayed back, and the Falathrim who accepted him as King of Beleriand. The folk of both Elwë and Nowë became collectively known as the [[Sindar]]. Later they were joined by the [[Laiquendi|Laegil]], the Nandor who resumed their journey to the west under [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]] and came to [[Ossiriand]].

Later, when [[Morgoth|Melkor]] stole the [[Silmarils]], the [[Noldor]] led by [[Fëanor]] demanded that the Teleri let them use their ships. When the Teleri refused, they took the ships by force, committing the [[First Kinslaying]]. For this reason few or none of the Teleri joined the host of the [[Valar]] which at the end of the [[First Age]] set out to capture [[Morgoth]] for good. It is recounted that the Teleri eventually forgave the Noldor for the Kinslayings, and the two kindreds were at peace again.

==Sundering of Teleri==
*'''[[Falmari]]'''. Led by [[Olwë]], they (along with [[Elwë]] and his direct descendants) were the only [[Calaquendi]] of the Teleri clan. They lived in Tol Eressëa and along the east shores of Aman.

*'''[[Nandor]]''' Teleri who abandoned the Great Journey near river Anduin, led by [[Lenwë]].
**'''[[Laiquendi]]''' The Elves of [[Ossiriand]], who were themselves Nandor led by [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]].

*'''[[Sindar]]''' All Teleri who remained in Beleriand. The Sindar of [[Beleriand]] called themselves simply ''[[Sindar|Edhil]]'', which means ''Elves'', and is related to the Quenya word ''Eldar'' of the same meaning. Elwë was their King. These were further divided into:
**'''[[Iathrim]]'''<ref name="Q&E-B-S-3">{{WJ|B}}, 3</ref>, those who lived in [[Doriath]], the realm directly ruled by King [[Thingol]], that is Elwë.
**'''[[Falathrim]]''', those who lived in the [[Falas]] ruled by [[Círdan]].
**'''Mithrim'''<ref name="Q&E-B-S-3"/>, or Sindar of the North, those who lived in Northern Beleriand: in [[Hithlum]], especially in the area called after them [[Mithrim]], in [[Dorthonion]] or in [[Nevrast]]. They suffered most from Morgoth's attacks before the first rising of the Sun, and their remnants were largely absorbed by the Noldor who afterwards occupied those lands.

==Language==
The Teleri spoke the [[Common Telerin]] language during the Journey, from which [[Sindarin]] (with its dialects of [[Doriathrin]], [[Falathrin]] and [[North Sindarin]]) and [[Nandorin]] were derived, as well as the [[Telerin]] of Aman, often considered a dialect of [[Quenya]] (if only by virtue that it preserved more of the archaic Common Eldarin features than any other language and remained mutually intelligible with Quenya).

==Etymology==
''Teleri'' is the plural of ''Teler'' which means "last", root [[TEL]].

In ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' the word Teleri refers both to the Third Clan in general, and that branch that made it to Aman, taken from the Vanyar and Noldor point of view; particularly the Teleri of Aman were called [[Falmari]].

==Names==

Equivalent names of the Teleri were '''''[[Nelyar]]''''' and '''''Lindar'''''. ''Lindar'' ([[Quenya]] "singers", pron. {{IPA|[ˈlindar]}}) was the name by which the [[Teleri]] called themselves.

Another name was [[Sindarin]] '''''Glinnil''''' (sing ''Glinnel''), a name which appears to have been used only by the loremasters among the Eldar.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 378, 385</ref>

'''Sea-elves''' was yet another name of the Teleri, specifically those of that kin who came to [[Aman]] and dwelt at [[Alqualondë]] (the [[Falmari]]), for their love of the sea and reverence of [[Ulmo]]. The name "Sea-elves" was rendered ''Veaneldar'' in Quenya,<ref>{{LR|A1}}, p. 403</ref> consisting of ''vea(n)'' ("sea") + ''[[eldar]]'' ("elves").<ref>{{VT|36a}}, p. 20</ref>

The Teleri were also known by many other names: the Foam-riders, the Singers of the Shore, the Free, the Swift, the Arrow-elves (for their love of bow and arrow), the Elves of the Sea, the Ship-wrights, the Swanherds, the Gatherers of Pearl, the Blue Elves, and the people of Olwë.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 164</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the early versions of Tolkien's mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''), they were known as '''''Solosimpi''''' ("Pipers of the Shores"), while the name ''Teleri'' was given to the clan of Elves known in the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' as [[Vanyar]].

==See also==

*[[:Category:Images of Teleri|Images of Teleri]]

{{elves}}
{{references}}
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]"
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of Thingol and Melian]]"
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië]]"
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of the Sindar]]"
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of Beleriand and its Realms]]"


[[Category:Elves]]
[[Category:Teleri| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Teleri]]
[[fa:تلری]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:elfes:teleri:teleri]]
[[fi:Teleri (kansa)]]

Magic

2016-05-28T22:50:44Z

Elf-esteem:

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Nazgûl at the Walls.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Nazgûl at the Walls'']]

{{quote|I am afraid I have been far too casual about 'magic' and especially the use of the word; though Galadriel and others show by the criticism of the 'mortal' use of the word, that the thought about it is not altogether casual. But it is a v. large question, and difficult; and a story which . . . is largely about motives"|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 155]]}}

{{quote|For this is what your folk would call magic. I believe; though I do not understand clearly what they mean; and they seem also to use the same word of the deceits of the Enemy|[[Galadriel]], ''[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]''}}

Although '''magic''' in Middle-earth was not explicitly defined by Tolkien, it was a term used by the [[Hobbits]] to describe processes and abilities of objects which could not be explained outside of their limited lore and knowledge. For Elves and Wizards, what others might call magic was not something special or different from the natural world,<ref name="L155">{{L|155}}</ref> just a part of it that was not immediately visible, leading to more common categorization of things as [[Seen]] or [[Unseen]]. The Seen aspects of a thing or person are only part of it. Through the power of [[the One Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins]] at times saw powerful Elves, such as the High-elf [[Glorfindel]], in their true level of power and radiance that extends into the Unseen.<ref name="Many"/>

==Magic by race==
===Ainur magic===
The [[Ainur]] as supernatural or angelic beings could shape the world in terms according to their natures. [[Melkor]], later Morgoth, had great power but he could only mar or corrupt what his brethren had wrought.<ref name="Ainu">{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

In ''Morgoth's Ring'', it explains that, "to gain domination over Arda, Morgoth had let most of his being pass into the ''physical'' constituents of the Earth" which meant that everything that was born or lived on Earth, such as, beasts, plants, and incarnate spirits, were likely to be tainted.<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|394}} While with the [[One Ring]], Sauron's, "relatively smaller, power was ''concentrated''; Morgoth's vast power was ''disseminated''. The whole of 'Middle-earth' was Morgoth's Ring."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}} In this imbuement of Middle-earth, "Morgoth lost (or exchanged, or transmuted) the greater part of his original 'angelic' powers, of mind and spirit, while gaining a terrible grip upon the physical world."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}}

[[Sauron]], a lieutenant of Morgoth, was a powerful [[Maiar|Maia]] who used his powers to manipulate objects and his slaves. However, these acts of corruption, putting his will and power into other things and people lessened him as it did his master before him. "Evil is fissiparous. But itself barren."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|405}} So with each creation or corruption, they themselves were lessened because parts of their power now existed outside of themselves. It was not an unlimited supply. Even the [[Ainur]] who resided in [[Aman]] had limits. For example, [[Yavanna]] could not remake the light of the [[Two Trees]]. The only hope for them to be restored would be to reclaim the light captured of them in the [[Silmarils]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

Some Maiar, like Sauron, had power nearly the equal of a Vala<ref name="Ainu"/> so that even [[Gandalf|Olórin]] feared him.<ref name="Istari"/>{{rp|393}} Whatever lore he shared with the [[Elves]], such as the making of the [[Rings of Power]] in [[Eregion]], would have unlocked their own understanding of how to craft the rings with their own innate abilities, which is how the master-smith [[Celebrimbor]] was able to create the [[Three Rings]] in secret. But the rings that [[Sauron|Annatar]] had a hand in were corrupted and bound to his own power. Any power that Sauron's slaves or servants had was sourced in him. Servants like the [[Black Númenóreans]] and the Men who became [[Nazgûl]] used this power as sorcery. For example, if [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s heart had been pierced with the Morgul-knife, he would have been a wraith and under the Ringwraith's command as they are under Sauron's.<ref name="Many">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
[[File:Donato Giancola - The Balance of Things.jpg‎|right|thumb|225px|''The Balance of Things by [[Donato Giancola]] featuring the five Wizards]]

The [[Istari]], the Maiar who came to [[Middle-earth]] in the diminished form of men, were tasked to help guide the [[Free peoples]] against Sauron. The nature of the Istari was not known to all, and they were known as wise old men. They were called [[Wizards]]. In Tolkien's mythology, this term is specifically only used for the Order of the Istari, who are of angelic origin. The word "wizard is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''); one of the members of an 'order' (as they called it), claiming to posses, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World."<ref name ="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref>

A member of the race of Men wielding magical powers would be referred to as a sorcerer, whether for good or evil. Although later contradicted, according to Tolkien's [[Letter 155]], the concept of magic in his world did not come from lore or spells, and Men did not have magic.<ref name="L155"/> By this definition, lore like knowing the language of an animal, would not be considered magical in [[Middle-earth]], merely knowledgeable.<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref>{{rp|227-8}}

===Elven magic===
Although the [[Eldar]] of [[Aman]] knew the powers of the [[Ainur]] and were even tutored by them, the Elves did not comprehend the concept of magic as it was used by mortals. Their bodies and spirits worked in harmony and creation came naturally to them. The Elvish "''fëa'' was above all designed to make things in co-operation with the ''hröa''."<ref>{{MR|P4g}}</ref>{{rp|332}} The Elves were taught arts and crafts by the [[Valar]] in [[Valinor]] and put dedication and love in every thing they wrought. They were deeply connected to the things they made, "the love of the Elves for their land and their works is deeper than the deeps of the Sea."<ref name="Mirror"/> Due to their near immortality,<ref name="Laws">{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|212}} Elves could reach high levels of mastery in crafts, arts, and lore.

The Rings of Power and [[lesser rings]] were objects that would seem magical to the [[Secondborn]]; they gave powers of manipulation to the bearer of the [[One Ring]], and some might give the wearer invisibility, which was actually the ability to walk in the Unseen world. Other Elven artefacts were the ''[[Palantíri]]'',<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> the [[Fëanorian lamps|Lamps of the Noldor]],<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}</ref>{{rp|Note 2}} and the [[Mirror of Galadriel]].<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref> Some simpler artefacts were the river-boats of the [[Galadhrim]] and the elven ropes, which seemed to have wills of their own.

Galadriel was tutored by Melian when she resided in Doriath,<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> and with her ring [[Nenya]], she was able to enchant and protect the [[Lothlórien|Golden Wood]].<ref name="Mirror"/> Elrond wore the ring [[Vilya]] which helped him protect his hidden realm of [[Imladris]]. In the Third Age, [[Thranduil]] was the only Elf-lord who did not have a Great Ring to help him maintain his realm against the Enemy. However, he did have the [[Enchanted River]]<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref>, which made people fall asleep and dream deeply, and the [[Elvenking's Halls]] as his fortress to help protect his people.<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref>
[[Image:Šárka Škorpíková - Finrod vs Sauron.jpg|left|thumb|225px|''Finrod versus Sauron'' by Šárka Škorpíková]]

Elves had skill with healing and medicine. Though it was natural to them, those who healed often chose not to fight, except at need, to preserve their skill, "for the Eldar deemed that the dealing of death . . . diminished the power of healing."<ref name="Laws"/>{{rp|213}} While ordinary for an Elf, it might have felt magical to someone healed by them who did not understand how they were using their [[fëa]] (spirit). [[Glorfindel]] helped heal [[Frodo]], without seeming to do more than search the wound with his fingers, "Frodo felt the chill lessen in his side and arm; a little warmth crept down from his shoulder to his hand, and the pain grew easier."<ref name="Flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref> There were no magic words or chants, and no medicine was applied at that time. He also gave Frodo and his companions a drink of clear liquid, which had no taste, that renewed their strength and vigour.<ref name="Flight"/>

Elven minstrels, like [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and [[Lúthien]], also had power in their songs.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>{{rp|170-1, 174, 180-1}} Finrod strove against Sauron in song and made great progress, but he was overpowered with a dire chant. Lúthien, who was half-maia, was able to use stronger enchantments to disguise herself and Beren, and she mesmerized Morgoth with her singing and dancing.<ref name="Beren"/>

===Dark magic===
Sindarin has two words for dark magic: [[morgul]] and [[guldur]]. The element gûl literally means "magic lore" or "long study" and the negative connotations include "necromancy" and "sorcery". Môr translates to "dark" or "night" and dȗr means "dark" or "sombre".<ref group="note"> Sindarin translations found at: [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary]</ref> Alone the words are perfectly neutral as the concept of magic itself is neutral in Middle-earth.<ref name="L155"/> However, when these terms are used in ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' such as referring to [[Dol Guldur]] or a Morgul-knife, they have negative connotations.<ref name="Many"/> Morgul may be referred to as the dark lore and objects produced or influenced through the magic of Sauron and used for evil, which could be shared with his followers, such as the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] and [[Black Númenóreans]].
[[Image:John_Howe_-_Black_Rider_02.jpg‎|right|thumb|150px|''The Black Rider'' by [[John Howe]]]]

The magic of Sauron, or other sorcerers who were taught how to use the corruption Morgoth left in Arda, was based directly upon the physical legacy of his previous master. The "Morgoth-element in matter . . . was a prerequisite for such 'magic' and other evils as Sauron practised with it and upon it."<ref name=Myths>{{MR|P5VII}}</ref>{{rp|400}}

Sauron himself was also known as the Necromancer which indicated that he had power over spirits.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> The [[Witch-king|Witch-king of Angmar]], who wore a Ring of Power, had the ability to summon the [[Barrow-wights]] to the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Dwarven magic===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Doors of Durin.jpg|left|thumb|150px|''The Doors of Durin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (as printed in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Book II, Ch. 4 - [[A Journey in the Dark]]).]]
The constructions of [[Dwarves]] had properties which might be seen as magical. An example could be the [[Doors of Durin]] which opened by themselves upon saying the word ''mellon'', without visible machinery or other assistance. The magical appearance could be the technology of Dwarven ingenuity and craftsmanship. The Elven Door was created by the Dwarven craftsman [[Narvi]] and inscribed by the Elf-lord [[Celebrimbor]] with letters and signs fashioned in [[ithildin]].<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

Another Dwarven door is seen in ''[[The Hobbit]]''. The [[Back Door]] of the Lonely Mountain was a hidden, seamless door which had a keyhole that would only be revealed on Durin's Day. The key lines that may infer an enchantment on the door are:

{{blockquote|A gleam of light came straight through the opening into the bay and fell on the smooth rock-face. The old thrush . . . gave a sudden trill. There was a loud crack. A flake of rock split from the wall and fell. A hole appeared suddenly about three feet from the ground.|{{H|Doorstep}}}}

This appears to be what Tolkien might refer to as ''magia'', or physical magic, because there is a crack and a flake of rock falls off the wall.<ref name="L155"/>

==Tolkien's views==
J.R.R. Tolkien discussed the operations and moral dimensions of magic in [[Letter 155]] of ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''. This letter is actually an unsent part of a draft of [[Letter 154]] which was dated September 25, 1954.

Magic in Middle-earth was explained as an innate ability set of the Ainur and the Firstborn, to the exclusion of other peoples. Regardless, ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' both contain descriptions of special items and weapons that are said to have been crafted by Men and Dwarves, such as the dagger wielded by Merry which stabbed the Witch-king and [[Angrist]].<ref name="Battle">{{RK|Battle}}</ref><ref name=Beren/>

The area of discussion in the letter is the difference between ''magia'' and ''goeteia'', with ''magia'' (physical magic) usually noted as good and ''goeteia'' (charm and conjuring magic) as bad. He wrote, "neither is, in this tale, good or bad (per se), but only by motive or purpose or use. Both sides use both, but with different motives."<ref name="L155"/> The evil motive was to use it to dominate free will. The Enemy used his ''magia'' to "bulldoze" both people and things and used his ''goeteia'' to terrify and subjugate. The Elves and Gandalf sparingly used ''magia'' for specific beneficial purposes (like burning pine cones to toss at the Wargs<ref>{{H|6}}</ref>), and their ''goetic'' effects were "entirely ''artistic'' and not intended to deceive: they never deceive Elves (but may deceive or bewilder unaware Men)."<ref name="L155"/> For Elves, the difference was as clear to them as the difference to us between art (fiction, painting, and sculpture) and life.<ref name="L155"/>

At the end of the draft noted as Letter 155, he wrote "a difference between the use of 'magic' in this story [''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''] is that it is not to be come by by 'lore' or spells; but it is an inherent power not possessed or attainable by Men as such."<ref name="L155"/> While "Aragorn's 'healing' might be regarded as 'magical', or at least a blend of magic and pharmacy and 'hypnotic' processes . . . A. is not a pure 'Man', but at long remove one of the 'children of Lúthien'."<ref name="L155"/> However, in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' at the [[Doors of Durin]], Gandalf said, "I once knew every spell in all the tongues of Elves or Men or Orcs, that was ever used for such a purpose. I can still remember ten score of them without searching in my mind."<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

'''The Númenórean Question''': Since this 1954 letter draft was unsent, he seemed undecided on the total exclusion of Men from spellcasting. Since Men did not have the natural skill to weave their own spirit into things or ideas, they may have used spells. Alongside the final paragraph of Letter 155, which ended with the explanation that Aragorn was distantly of Lúthien's line, Tolkien wrote this question: "'But the Númenóreans used "spells" in making swords?'"<ref name="L155"/>{{rp|Note 2}}

In a later work completed by 1959, the ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]'', there is an amended note which contains the [[Tale of Adanel]] in which the strongest and the cruellest of the fallen Men who worshipped Morgoth, during the dawn of Men in Middle-earth, were given "gifts" and "knowledge that they kept secret" which made them "powerful and proud," and with their new power, they enslaved the other Men.<ref name=Athrabeth>{{MR|P4i}}</ref>{{rp|348}} In this later text, Men could be given artefacts or taught lore, but magic remained a noninherent trait.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the draft material that appears in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', the complex relationship of creation from the spirits and bodies of Ainur and Elves is explained as spells and enchantments. Irmo used poppies as reagents in his sleep enchantments.<ref name=Valar>{{LT1|III}}</ref>{{rp|74}} Aulë used spells in his smith-craft.<ref name=Melko>{{LT1|IV}}</ref>{{rp|100}} Yavanna used spells and enchantments when creating and growing plants,<ref name=Valar/>{{rp|71, 98}} and she gave spells to Ulmo to populate the seas with aquatic life during the age of "Melko's Chains".<ref name=Melko/>{{rp|106}} In "[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]", [[Lúthien|Tinúviel]], [[Melian|Gwendeling]]'s daughter, wove with magics and spells in her tree house prison, and she was aided by her mother and her brother, [[Daeron|Dairon]].<ref name=Tinuviel>{{LT2|I}}</ref>{{rp|19}}

==External links==
*[http://tolkien.slimy.com/essays/MagicEssay.html Essay on magic in Middle-earth] by Steuard Jensen
*[http://www.darkshire.net/~jhkim/rpg/lordoftherings/magic/principles.html Principles of Tolkien's Magic] by John H. Kim
*[http://fin.yserve.net/layers/html/magic.htm Magic In The Third Age] at Finduilas's J.R.R. Tolkien Page
*[http://tolkien.cro.net/mearth/magic.html Magic in Middle-earth] at tolkien.cro.net
{{references|n}}
[[Category:Magic| ]]

User:Elf-esteem

2016-05-28T15:45:32Z

Elf-esteem:

Talk:Ingwë

2016-05-28T15:42:41Z

Elf-esteem:

Intersting case: there's a consensus here on TG (and also on Wikipedia), to write articles about imaginary concepts from literature in past tense. The article says:

<nowiki>"[Ingwë] lives in [[Tirion]], in the tower called ''[[Mindon Eldaliéva]]''."</nowiki>

Should this sentence be changed to past tense? I would instinctively say yes, but one could argue that Ingwe is supposed to still live in Tirion. On the other hand, we would then have to discuss the difficult issues of the relation between Arda and our World (the fifth and sixth ages, and so forth), and perhaps that wouldn't be fruitful. Any thoughts?

I'll change the sentence to past tense. Let me now if you differ.

--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 18:07, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

:Past tense. But the whole article is a mess anyway so this problem might be avoided with a rewrite. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 18:23, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

::I'm doing some small tweaks, so hold on a little.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 18:29, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

If Indis is Ingwe's neice, then Ingwe had a sibling. If he had a sibling, he had parents. If he had parents, he's categorically not firstborn. {{Unsignedanon|70.48.192.144}}

==The inspiration stuff==
While I do not doubt that this mythology influenced Tolkien, and I even saw on a German wiki where another spelling for Yngvi was Ingwë exactly, I am not sure how to source this stuff. I know it's pot and kettle, but sourcing another wiki is dodgy because wiki content changes all the time. If there were perhaps text based sources, it would be better. I think the stuff about Ing or Inwë as a Man character is in ''Lost Tales'', which I only skimmed briefly, but I could not find anything about him being the King of Lúthien. Perhaps I missed something. The mythology references need better sources or, interesting as they are, I suggest that those parts under 'other versions' and 'inspiration' should be removed. --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 15:14, 1 May 2016 (UTC)
:I'm currently reading the Lost Tales, and the bits about Ing the King of Luthany (Luthien is the name the elves of Tol Eressea give to Aelfwine) are in the chapter ''Aelfwine of England.'' That said, there is an error in the article here, under ''Other versions of the legendarium.'' The second paragraph--"In that early writing Inwë (or Ing) was instead the name of a mortal man...."--is an incorrect conflation of two confusingly separate figures. Inwë is indeed the Lost Tales' conceptual forerunner of the eventual Ingwë, an elf and ruler of the Vanyar, but the figure Ing/Ingwë from the early story outlines of Aelfwine/Eriol the mariner is Aelfwine's ancestor, the King of Luthany (England) and a mortal man. There might have been a connection between the two versions, but they still seem distinct concepts. As I'm not a member here I didn't know if I should edit this myself, but I wanted to at least share that info. [[User:Xagzan]] May 26, 2016

::Please feel free to clear up those troublesome parts of the article. I would appreciate your help. Reference it clearly like this <nowiki><ref name=ChapterShortTitle>{{LT1|ChapterName}}</ref>{{rp|PageNumber}}</nowiki> after the end punctuation marks. Then every subsequent reference to that same section would just be written as <nowiki><ref name=ChapterShortTitle/>{{rp|PageNumber}}</nowiki>
::To find chapter names and sub-sections, search Template:LT1 or Template:LT2 for ''Lost Tales'' 1 and ''Lost Tales'' 2. The page numbers in HoMe books are very important because it's an extremely dense series, but, thankfully, the page numbers always match across editions. I saw much of what you said in my brief skimming, and I was left terribly confused about those claims for the early writing. Being clear that they are two divergent tales and that it is an Elf and a Man who shared a name would be most helpful! --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 15:42, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

User talk:Laurelintelperion

2016-05-23T04:37:46Z

Elf-esteem:

{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Laurelintelperion}}

-- [[User:Mith|'''Mith''']] ([[User talk:Mith|'''Talk''']]/[[Special:Contributions/Mith|Contribs]]/[[Special:Editcount/Mith/Edits|Edits]]) 13:33, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

==References and help files==
Before you roll in hot and heavy and start an editing barrage on another page like [[Legolas]], could you please read the help files for how to reference works here? The style you're using is reminiscence of lotr wiki, but there are different templates here. Please familiarize yourself with how to do it: [http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Help:Contents Help] -> [http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Help:References References] and use the template shortcuts. It saves other editors from having to go in later and clean up duplicate entries and page references after you. Once you attune yourself to the style here, you'll find referencing text is quicker and easier than typing it all out by hand. And if you could clean up your own references to conform to the style here, that would be even better. Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 04:37, 23 May 2016 (UTC)

Thranduil

2016-05-23T04:16:25Z

Elf-esteem: It cannot be assumed. His presence in the 4th Age is impled but whether he stayed until he faded or sailed West is unknown. Undo revision 287866 by Laurelintelperion (talk)

{{Countdown}}
{{sindar infobox
| name=Thranduil
| image=[[File:Lourdes Velez - King Thranduil.jpg|250px]]
| caption="King Thanduil" by [[:Category:Images by Lourdes Velez|Lourdes Velez]]
| othernames="Elvenking"
| titles=King of the [[Woodland Realm]]
| position=
| realm=The [[Woodland Realm]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Silvan Elvish|Silvan]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=Unknown ([[First Age|First]] or [[Second Age]])
| birthlocation=
| rule=from {{SA|3434}}
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| house=
| parentage=[[Oropher]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Legolas]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden<ref name=H8>{{H|8}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}{{pronounce|Sindarin - Thranduil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
<center>{{quote|In a great hall with pillars hewn out of the living stone sat the Elvenking on a chair of carven wood. On his head was a crown of berries and red leaves, for the autumn was come again. In the spring he wore a crown of woodland flowers. In his hand he held a carven staff of oak.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Barrels Out of Bond]]}}</center>
'''Thranduil''', the '''Elvenking''', was a [[Sindar|Sinda]] and King of the [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] [[Elves of Mirkwood]] in the [[Woodland Realm]]. Thranduil was son of [[Oropher]] and father of [[Legolas]].

== History ==
=== Early History ===
At the end of the First Age many [[Sindar]] stayed at [[Lindon]], and before the building of the [[Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|1000}}, they travelled eastward.<ref name="AppB">{{App|B}}</ref> Thranduil is first recorded in this event, when he and his father, [[Oropher]], arrived, circa {{SA|750}}, in [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].<ref>{{PM|Second}}</ref> Oropher was taken by the [[Silvan Elves]] as their lord and founded the [[Woodland Realm]].<ref name="UT6b"/>

[[Image:Anna Lee - Thranduil and Legolas.jpg|left|thumb|[[Anna Lee]] - ''Thranduil and Legolas'']]
In {{SA|3434}}, Thranduil followed his father, and some thirty thousand lightly armed Elves in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. In the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], Oropher was slain in the first assault upon Mordor, "rushing forward at the head of his most doughty warriors before Gil-galad had given the signal for the advance."<ref name="UT6b"/> His son survived, but over the course of the war, two-thirds of his people had perished. After the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, when [[Sauron]] was defeated, Thranduil led the remainder of his people north back to the Woodland Realm, where he was crowned king.<ref name="UT6b">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

=== Third Age ===
Upon the return of Sauron - disguised as the [[Sauron|Necromancer]] - in around {{TA|1050}}, southern Greenwood became increasingly dangerous; evil creatures such as the great [[spiders]] came to dwell in it and the forest soon came to be known as "[[Mirkwood]]".<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> Thranduil's folk retreated to the north of the forest, where they established themselves near the [[Forest River]], building and fortifying the [[Elvenking's Halls]].{{fact}}
[[File:David T. Wenzel - Mirkwood elves.jpg|thumb|David T. Wenzel - ''Mirkwood elves'']]
In {{TA|2941}}, Thranduil and some of his folk were feasting in the woods when they were repeatedly disturbed by [[Thorin and Company|a party]] of [[Dwarves]]. After the third disturbance, the Elves captured [[Thorin]] who refused to reveal to Thranduil the reason for their journey through Mirkwood.<ref name="Flies"/> Following their battle with the spiders, the rest of [[Thorin and Company|the company]] was also captured by the Elves. Following their repeated failure to explain their presence in Mirkwood, Thranduil placed all the Dwarves under lock and key. They escaped, however, with the aid of a Hobbit, [[Bilbo Baggins]]. Baggins had evaded capture by Thranduil's people through the use of [[The One Ring|his magic ring]].

===Battle of Five Armies===
After the Dwarves' escape, Thranduil received word of what had transpired from the [[Raft-elves]] who returned up the [[Forest River]]. Thus he was now aware of the Dwarves' quest. Upon learning this, he stated, "no treasure will come back through Mirkwood without my having something to say in the matter."<ref>{{H|Welcome}}</ref> He believed the Dwarves were incapable of slaying the Dragon. However, he soon heard from his own messengers (including the birds) that the [[Dragon]] [[Smaug]] had been felled.

Thranduil was aware that Smaug had a massive hoard of treasure. Believing the Dwarves to be dead, and desiring a share of the treasure, he set out towards the [[Lonely Mountain]] with a company of Elves. On the way, they met messengers from [[Bard]] who was seeking aid for his destroyed town. Thranduil gave aid to these Men, as those of Lake-town had been friends with the Wood-elves, and left elven craftsmen to aid in the labour and building of huts to fortify them against the coming winter.<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref> Together, Thranduil and Bard led their forces towards the Lonely Mountain and were surprised when they found out that the Dwarves not only survived Smaug's attacks, but had taken possession of the Mountain and its treasures; the [[King under the Mountain]] had returned.
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Arkenstone.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Arkenstone'']]

As Thorin refused to give away any part of the treasure for [[Dale]] and Lake-town under armed threat, Thranduil and Bard besieged the mountain. After a few days, a Dwarvish host led by [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]], who had been summoned by raven messengers, approached to support Thorin. But, two evenings before his arrival, Bilbo came before Thranduil and Bard bringing the [[Arkenstone]], a great jewel that Thorin valued above all, in order to make Thorin open to negotiations again. Thranduil was impressed by Bilbo and urged him to remain in order to avoid Thorin's wrath, but Bilbo returned to his friends. The next morning Bard and Thranduil entered into negotiations with an angered Thorin, who agreed to pay one-fourteenth share of the treasure in exchange for the stone. Thranduil was reluctant to start a war over gold, but when the forces of Dáin arrived the next day, before the trade had been made for the Arkenstone, the Dwarves proceeded to attack.

[[Image:Capucine Mazille - The Battle of Five Armies.jpg|thumb|Capucine Mazille - ''The Battle of Five Armies'']]
At that moment, the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] and [[Grey Mountains]] under [[Bolg]] were using the opportunity to march after the hoard, and he was accompanied by a cloud of great bats. After skirmishing among themselves, under the council of Gandalf, the three commanders agreed that the Goblins were the enemies of all. So the [[Battle of Five Armies]] began, "upon one side were the Goblins and the Wild Wolves, and upon the other were Elves and Men and Dwarves."<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> Thranduil's host was positioned on the southern side of the Mountain, and they were the first to charge. Many Elves and allies were slain and things looked grim when the [[Eagles]] and [[Beorn]] arrived on the battlefield. They turned the tide and the battle was won.
[[File:Alan Lee - The King under the Mountain.jpg|thumb|"The King under the Mountain" by [[Alan Lee]]|left]]
Thorin died soon after the battle. Thranduil laid [[Orcrist]] on Thorin's tomb, where it was said to glow in warning when foes approached.

The victors divided the treasure, with Bard giving Thranduil the emeralds of [[Girion]]. When Bilbo and [[Gandalf]] bade farewell to Thranduil, Bilbo gave him a necklace of silver and pearls. Thranduil gave the [[Hobbits|hobbit]] the title [[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]] and returned with the remainder of his host to his realm in Mirkwood.

=== War of the Ring===

On [[21 March]], {{TA|3018}} [[Aragorn]] and [[Gandalf]] delivered [[Gollum]] as a prisoner to Thranduil; but in June he later escaped. Thranduil sent his son [[Legolas]] to Rivendell to inform [[Elrond]], and during the [[Council of Elrond]] Legolas was selected as one of the nine members of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Company of the Ring]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref> Another member of the Company was the Dwarf, [[Gimli]], the son of [[Glóin]] of [[Thorin and Company|Thorin's company]], who had previously been imprisoned by Thranduil. The unprecedented friendship between Elf and Dwarf helped to reconcile Thranduil's people and the Dwarves.{{fact}}

On [[15 March]], {{TA|3019}}, [[Sauron]]'s army from [[Dol Guldur]] attacked Mirkwood. There was a long [[Battle Under Trees|battle under the trees]] and the woods were set on fire, but in the end Thranduil was victorious. In the south, the forces of the [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]] stormed Dol Guldur and threw down its walls.

On [[6 April]], the Elvenking met with Lord [[Celeborn]] in the midst of Mirkwood and renamed it ''[[Eryn Lasgalen]]'', "The Wood of the Greenleaves". With the forest cleansed and Sauron's forces destroyed, the Woodland Realm was divided. Thranduil received the northern region of the Eryn Lasgalen as far as the Mountains and ruled there into the [[Fourth Age]].<ref name="AppB">{{App|B}}</ref>

=== Fourth Age ===
Thranduil's ultimate fate is unknown.

== Personality ==
[[Image:Marya Filatova - Thranduil.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Marya Filatova]] - ''Thranduil'']]
Thranduil lived in atunement with nature, wearing a crown of woodland flowers, or autumn berries and red leaves, according to the season.<ref name="Barrels">{{H|Barrels}}</ref> His banner was green in colour.<ref>{{H|Gathering}}</ref> He loved the forest, though it was dark and dangerous in many parts; and enjoyed hunting and feasting among the trees with his people.<ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref> He was distrustful of strangers for the most part, although he had business dealings with the men of [[Lake-town]].<ref name="Barrels"/> He was mostly unconcerned with affairs of the world beyond Mirkwood unless a common enemy was shared or for trade with "their kinsfolk in the South, or . . . Men in distant lands."<ref name="Barrels"/>

Although his concern was primarily for his realm, the memory of the end of the [[Second Age]] and what lay outside his borders haunted him:
{{blockquote|But there was in Thranduil's heart a still deeper shadow. He had seen the horror of [[Mordor]] and could not forget it. If ever he looked south its memory dimmed the light of the Sun, and though he knew that it was now broken and deserted and under the vigilance of the Kings of Men, fear spoke in his heart that it was not conquered for ever; it would arise again.|{{UT|6b}}}}

He had a particular fondness for white gems and wanted to acquire more: "if the elf-king had a weakness it was for treasure, especially for silver and white gems; and though his hoard was rich, was eager for more, since he had not yet as great a treasure as other elf-lords of old."<ref name="Flies"/> Despite this weakness, he was wise and would not wantonly go to war, risking his people's lives, over treasure. This was evidenced when the Elvenking said, "long will I tarry, ere I begin this war for gold . . . let us hope still for something that will bring reconciliation."<ref name="Burst"/>

Thranduil had his halls delved underground, fashioned partly in memory (it was said) of the mighty, but long-lost, [[Menegroth]] of [[Doriath]].<ref name="UT6b">{{UT|6b}}</ref> In north-eastern Mirkwood, they were near the Forest River behind great, stone gates. The Elvenking was the only Elf-lord of the [[Third Age]] to protect his realm without the aid of a [[Great Ring]]; however, he had an [[Enchanted River]]<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref> in his forest, which could cause one to sleep and dream deeply, whilst the [[Elvenking's Halls]] served as a fortress.<ref name="Flies"/>

== Etymology ==
The name '''Thranduil''' means "Vigorous spring" in [[Sindarin]], from ''[[tharan]]'' "vigorous" and ''[[tuil]]'' "spring". Though the name is said to be of [[Silvan Elvish|Silvan]] origin, Tolkien's notes on ''tharan'' state it was used only in Sindarin.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 187</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| ORO |ORO=[[Oropher]] ''d. {{SA|3434}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| THR |THR='''THRANDUIL''' ''Unknown''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| LEG |LEG=[[Legolas]] ''Sailed West {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Thranduil in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Thranduil.jpg|The "Elvenking" in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (2003 video game) - Thranduil.jpg|Thranduil in [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Battle for Middle-earth II - Thranduil.jpg|Thranduil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Thranduil.jpg|Thranduil in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
}}
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Leonard Fenton]] provided the voice of Thranduil.

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Thranduil is voiced by [[Otto Preminger]]. For some reason, in the movie, the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] are portrayed as squat and ugly, as opposed to the noble Elves of [[Rivendell]].

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Thranduil is referred to as "Elvenking Thranduil", using both his title from ''The Hobbit'' and his name from ''The Lord of the Rings'', to accommodate players who have only read ''The Hobbit''. Thranduil first appears in the level "Barrels Out of Bond", in which he can be overheard speaking about the [[White Council]] and their attack on [[Dol Guldur]]. He returns as a conversation partner in the last level, "The Clouds Burst", in which he and Gandalf ask the player, in the persona of Bilbo, to deliver a message to Bard. No voice actor is specified for this part.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Thranduil is a hero for the Elven faction. In the good campaign, he shows up after the [[Battle of Dale]], and participates in the Siege of [[Dol Guldur]].

'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''
:Thranduil is played by [[Lee Pace]] in the ''Hobbit'' [[The Hobbit (film series)|film trilogy]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150239464391558|articlename=Casting news!|dated=30-April-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> Thranduil is first seen in the prologue paying homage to King [[Thrór]] inside within the [[Lonely Mountain]], though leaves in a huff when the [[Dwarves]] refuse to give him a box of white jewels. He is next seen with an army outside of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], seemingly ready to help during the [[Sack of Erebor]]. However, he decides not to help and turns away.

'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''
:When [[Thorin]] is taken before Thranduil in the [[Elvenking's Halls]], he surmises that he and his [[Thorin and Company|Company]] are going to try to reclaim the [[Lonely Mountain]] from [[Smaug]] (unlike in the book, where he had no idea as to their purpose). He offers a deal to Thorin, saying he will let the Company go if they will pay him the white jewels he desires inside the Mountain. When the Dwarf refuses and chastises him for not offering aid to the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]] the day of the Sack, the Elven-king reveals a large disfigurement on his face underneath his skin, claiming he received it from fighting 'great serpents of the North.' Later, when a [[Narzug|captured]] [[Orcs|Orc]] claims that [[Sauron|"The One"]] is returning, he orders the kingdom to be completely sealed off from the outside world.

'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:After learning of [[Smaug]]'s demise, Thranduil leads his Elven army to claim the white jewels from the Dwarves of Erebor, even by force. It is revealed that these jewels were meant for his wife, who had been taken to [[Gundabad]] and tortured to death many years prior. When the army arrives in [[Dale]], he forges an allegiance with [[Bard]], also offering the [[Lake-town]] refugees food and supplies. When Gandalf arrives at Erebor to warn them of the impending attack by the approaching Orc army, the Elven-king refuses to listen. Thranduil's soldiers almost come to clashes with those of [[Dáin Ironfoot]] when the Orcs arrive, leading to the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. Thranduil himself fights in the battle against the Orcs, but withdraws his forces when defense of Dale results in many Elven casualties. This leads to a confrontation between him and [[Tauriel]] before she and [[Legolas]] go to Thorin's aid at [[Ravenhill]]. The event causes a rift between Thranduil and his son, to the point where Legolas decides not to return to the kingdom. Thranduil then advises him to go and find the [[Rangers of the North|Ranger]] known as "[[Strider (Aragorn)|Strider]]" among the [[Dúnedain]]. The Elven-king also accepts Tauriel's love for [[Kíli]] when he finds her mourning over the Dwarf's death.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Thranduil|Images of Thranduil]]

==External links==

*[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2013/09/15/79209-thranduil-the-fisher-king-and-oberon-why-it-matters/ Thranduil, The Fisher King and Oberon; Why It Matters] by Marthe
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/09/27/was-the-elvenking-of-the-hobbit-supposed-to-be-thingol-greycloak/ Was the Elvenking of ''The Hobbit'' Supposed to be Thingol Greycloak?] by [[Michael Martinez]]
{{references|n}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Silvan Elvish names]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[de:Thranduil]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/thranduil]]
[[fi:Thranduil]]

Magic

2016-05-17T02:31:58Z

Elf-esteem:

{{cleanup}}
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Nazgûl at the Walls.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Nazgûl at the Walls'']]

{{quote|I am afraid I have been far too casual about 'magic' and especially the use of the word; though Galadriel and others show by the criticism of the 'mortal' use of the word, that the thought about it is not altogether casual. But it is a v. large question, and difficult; and a story which . . . is largely about motives"|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 155]]}}

{{quote|For this is what your folk would call magic. I believe; though I do not understand clearly what they mean; and they seem also to use the same word of the deceits of the Enemy|[[Galadriel]], ''[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]''}}

Although '''magic''' in Middle-earth was not explicitly defined by Tolkien, it was a term used by the [[Hobbits]] to describe processes and abilities of objects which could not be explained outside of their limited lore and knowledge. For Elves and Wizards, what others might call magic was not something special or different from the natural world,<ref name="L155">{{L|155}}</ref> just a part of it that was not immediately visible, leading to more common categorization of things as [[Seen]] or [[Unseen]]. The Seen aspects of a thing or person are only part of it. Through the power of [[the One Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins]] at times saw powerful Elves, such as the High-elf [[Glorfindel]], in their true level of power and radiance that extends into the Unseen.<ref name="Many"/>

==Magic by race==
===Ainur magic===
The [[Ainur]] as supernatural or angelic beings could shape the world in terms according to their natures. [[Melkor]], later Morgoth, had great power but he could only mar or corrupt what his brethren had wrought.<ref name="Ainu">{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

In ''Morgoth's Ring'', it explains that, "to gain domination over Arda, Morgoth had let most of his being pass into the ''physical'' constituents of the Earth" which meant that everything that was born or lived on Earth, such as, beasts, plants, and incarnate spirits, were likely to be tainted.<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|394}} While with the [[One Ring]], Sauron's, "relatively smaller, power was ''concentrated''; Morgoth's vast power was ''disseminated''. The whole of 'Middle-earth' was Morgoth's Ring."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}} In this imbuement of Middle-earth, "Morgoth lost (or exchanged, or transmuted) the greater part of his original 'angelic' powers, of mind and spirit, while gaining a terrible grip upon the physical world."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}}

[[Sauron]], a lieutenant of Morgoth, was a powerful [[Maiar|Maia]] who used his powers to manipulate objects and his slaves. However, these acts of corruption, putting his will and power into other things and people lessened him as it did his master before him. "Evil is fissiparous. But itself barren."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|405}} So with each creation or corruption, they themselves were lessened because parts of their power now existed outside of themselves. It was not an unlimited supply. Even the [[Ainur]] who resided in [[Aman]] had limits. For example, [[Yavanna]] could not remake the light of the [[Two Trees]]. The only hope for them to be restored would be to reclaim the light captured of them in the [[Silmarils]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

Some Maiar, like Sauron, had power nearly the equal of a Vala<ref name="Ainu"/> so that even [[Gandalf|Olórin]] feared him.<ref name="Istari"/>{{rp|393}} Whatever lore he shared with the [[Elves]], such as the making of the [[Rings of Power]] in [[Eregion]], would have unlocked their own understanding of how to craft the rings with their own innate abilities, which is how the master-smith [[Celebrimbor]] was able to create the [[Three Rings]] in secret. But the rings that [[Sauron|Annatar]] had a hand in were corrupted and bound to his own power. Any power that Sauron's slaves or servants had was sourced in him. Servants like the [[Black Númenóreans]] and the Men who became [[Nazgûl]] used this power as sorcery. For example, if [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s heart had been pierced with the Morgul-knife, he would have been a wraith and under the Ringwraith's command as they are under Sauron's.<ref name="Many">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
[[File:Donato Giancola - The Balance of Things.jpg‎|right|thumb|225px|''The Balance of Things by [[Donato Giancola]] featuring the five Wizards]]

The [[Istari]], the Maiar who came to [[Middle-earth]] in the diminished form of men, were tasked to help guide the [[Free peoples]] against Sauron. The nature of the Istari was not known to all, and they were known as wise old men. They were called [[Wizards]]. In Tolkien's mythology, this term is specifically only used for the Order of the Istari, who are of angelic origin. The word "wizard is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''); one of the members of an 'order' (as they called it), claiming to posses, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World."<ref name ="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref>

A member of the race of Men wielding magical powers would be referred to as a sorcerer, whether for good or evil. Although later contradicted, according to Tolkien's [[Letter 155]], the concept of magic in his world did not come from lore or spells, and Men did not have magic.<ref name="L155"/> By this definition, lore like knowing the language of an animal, would not be considered magical in [[Middle-earth]], merely knowledgeable.<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref>{{rp|227-8}} But, it might look like magic to one who did not understand the knowledge.

===Elven magic===
Although the [[Eldar]] of [[Aman]] knew the powers of the [[Ainur]] and were even tutored by them, the Elves did not comprehend the concept of magic as it was used by mortals. Their bodies and spirits worked in harmony and creation came naturally to them. The Elvish "''fëa'' was above all designed to make things in co-operation with the ''hröa''."<ref>{{MR|P4g}}</ref>{{rp|332}} The Elves were taught arts and crafts by the [[Valar]] in [[Valinor]] and put dedication and love in every thing they wrought. They were deeply connected to the things they made, "the love of the Elves for their land and their works is deeper than the deeps of the Sea."<ref name="Mirror"/> Due to their near immortality,<ref name="Laws">{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|212}} Elves could reach high levels of mastery in crafts, arts, and lore.

The Rings of Power and [[lesser rings]] were objects that would seem magical to the [[Secondborn]]; they gave powers of manipulation to the bearer of the [[One Ring]], and some might give the wearer invisibility, which was actually the ability to walk in the Unseen world. Other Elven artefacts were the ''[[Palantíri]]'',<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> the [[Fëanorian lamps|Lamps of the Noldor]],<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}</ref>{{rp|Note 2}} and the [[Mirror of Galadriel]].<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref> Some simpler artefacts were the river-boats of the [[Galadhrim]] and the elven ropes, which seemed to have wills of their own.

Galadriel was tutored by Melian when she resided in Doriath,<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> and with her ring [[Nenya]], she was able to enchant and protect the [[Lothlórien|Golden Wood]].<ref name="Mirror"/> Elrond wore the ring [[Vilya]] which helped him protect his hidden realm of [[Imladris]]. In the Third Age, [[Thranduil]] was the only Elf-lord who did not have a Great Ring to help him maintain his realm against the Enemy. However, he did have the [[Enchanted River]]<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref>, which made people fall asleep and dream deeply, and the [[Elvenking's Halls]] as his fortress to help protect his people.<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref>
[[Image:Šárka Škorpíková - Finrod vs Sauron.jpg|left|thumb|225px|''Finrod versus Sauron'' by Šárka Škorpíková]]

Elves had skill with healing and medicine. Though it was natural to them, those who healed often chose not to fight, except at need, to preserve their skill, "for the Eldar deemed that the dealing of death . . . diminished the power of healing."<ref name="Laws"/>{{rp|213}} While ordinary for an Elf, it might have felt magical to someone healed by them who did not understand how they were using their [[fëa]] (spirit). [[Glorfindel]] helped heal [[Frodo]], without seeming to do more than search the wound with his fingers, "Frodo felt the chill lessen in his side and arm; a little warmth crept down from his shoulder to his hand, and the pain grew easier."<ref name="Flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref> There were no magic words or chants, and no medicine was applied at that time. He also gave Frodo and his companions a drink of clear liquid, which had no taste, that renewed their strength and vigour.<ref name="Flight"/>

Elven minstrels, like [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and [[Lúthien]], also had power in their songs.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>{{rp|170-1, 174, 180-1}} Finrod strove against Sauron in song and made great progress, but he was overpowered with a dire chant. Lúthien, who was half-maia, was able to use stronger enchantments to disguise herself and Beren, and she mesmerized Morgoth with her singing and dancing.<ref name="Beren"/>

===Dark magic===
Sindarin has two words for dark magic: [[morgul]] and [[guldur]]. The element gûl literally means "magic lore" or "long study" and the negative connotations include "necromancy" and "sorcery". Môr translates to "dark" or "night" and dȗr means "dark" or "sombre".<ref group="note"> Sindarin translations found at: [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary]</ref> Alone the words are perfectly neutral as the concept of magic itself is neutral in Middle-earth.<ref name="L155"/> However, when these terms are used in ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' such as referring to [[Dol Guldur]] or a Morgul-knife, they have negative connotations.<ref name="Many"/> Morgul may be referred to as the dark lore and objects produced or influenced through the magic of Sauron and used for evil, which could be shared with his followers, such as the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] and [[Black Númenóreans]].
[[Image:John_Howe_-_Black_Rider_02.jpg‎|right|thumb|150px|''The Black Rider'' by [[John Howe]]]]

The magic of Sauron, or other sorcerers who were taught how to use the corruption Morgoth left in Arda, was based directly upon the physical legacy of his previous master. The "Morgoth-element in matter . . . was a prerequisite for such 'magic' and other evils as Sauron practised with it and upon it."<ref name=Myths>{{MR|P5VII}}</ref>{{rp|400}}

Sauron himself was also known as the Necromancer which indicated that he had power over spirits.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> The [[Witch-king|Witch-king of Angmar]], who wore a Ring of Power, had the ability to summon the [[Barrow-wights]] to the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Dwarven magic===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Doors of Durin.jpg|left|thumb|150px|''The Doors of Durin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (as printed in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Book II, Ch. 4 - [[A Journey in the Dark]]).]]
The constructions of [[Dwarves]] had properties which might be seen as magical. An example could be the [[Doors of Durin]] which opened by themselves upon saying the word ''mellon'', without visible machinery or other assistance. The magical appearance could be the technology of Dwarven ingenuity and craftsmanship. The Elven Door was created by the Dwarven craftsman [[Narvi]] and inscribed by the Elf-lord [[Celebrimbor]] with letters and signs fashioned in [[ithildin]].<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

Another Dwarven door is seen in ''[[The Hobbit]]''. The [[Back Door]] of the Lonely Mountain was a hidden, seamless door which had a keyhole that would only be revealed on Durin's Day. The key lines that may infer an enchantment on the door are:

{{blockquote|A gleam of light came straight through the opening into the bay and fell on the smooth rock-face. The old thrush . . . gave a sudden trill. There was a loud crack. A flake of rock split from the wall and fell. A hole appeared suddenly about three feet from the ground.|{{H|Doorstep}}}}

This appears to be what Tolkien might refer to as ''magia'', or physical magic, because there is a crack and a flake of rock falls off the wall.<ref name="L155"/>

==Tolkien's views==
J.R.R. Tolkien discussed the operations and moral dimensions of magic in [[Letter 155]] of ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''. This letter is actually an unsent part of a draft of [[Letter 154]] which was dated September 25, 1954.

Magic in Middle-earth was explained as an innate ability set of the Ainur and the Firstborn, to the exclusion of other peoples. Regardless, ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' both contain descriptions of special items and weapons that are said to have been crafted by Men and Dwarves, such as the dagger wielded by Merry which stabbed the Witch-king and [[Angrist]].<ref name="Battle">{{RK|Battle}}</ref><ref name=Beren/>

The area of discussion in the letter is the difference between ''magia'' and ''goeteia'', with ''magia'' (physical magic) usually noted as good and ''goeteia'' (charm and conjuring magic) as bad. He wrote, "neither is, in this tale, good or bad (per se), but only by motive or purpose or use. Both sides use both, but with different motives."<ref name="L155"/> The evil motive was to use it to dominate free will. The Enemy used his ''magia'' to "bulldoze" both people and things and used his ''goeteia'' to terrify and subjugate. The Elves and Gandalf sparingly used ''magia'' for specific beneficial purposes (like burning pine cones to toss at the Wargs<ref>{{H|6}}</ref>), and their ''goetic'' effects were "entirely ''artistic'' and not intended to deceive: they never deceive Elves (but may deceive or bewilder unaware Men)."<ref name="L155"/> For Elves, the difference was as clear to them as the difference to us between art (fiction, painting, and sculpture) and life.<ref name="L155"/>

At the end of the draft noted as Letter 155, he wrote "a difference between the use of 'magic' in this story [''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''] is that it is not to be come by by 'lore' or spells; but it is an inherent power not possessed or attainable by Men as such."<ref name="L155"/> While "Aragorn's 'healing' might be regarded as 'magical', or at least a blend of magic and pharmacy and 'hypnotic' processes . . . A. is not a pure 'Man', but at long remove one of the 'children of Lúthien'."<ref name="L155"/> However, in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' at the [[Doors of Durin]], Gandalf said, "I once knew every spell in all the tongues of Elves or Men or Orcs, that was ever used for such a purpose. I can still remember ten score of them without searching in my mind."<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

'''The Númenórean Question''': Since this 1954 letter draft was unsent, he seemed undecided on the total exclusion of Men from spellcasting. Since Men did not have the natural skill to weave their own spirit into things or ideas, they may have used spells. Alongside the final paragraph of Letter 155, which ended with the explanation that Aragorn was distantly of Lúthien's line, Tolkien wrote this question: "'But the Númenóreans used "spells" in making swords?'"<ref name="L155"/>{{rp|Note 2}}

In a later work completed by 1959, the ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]'', there is an amended note which contains the [[Tale of Adanel]] in which the strongest and the cruellest of the fallen Men who worshipped Morgoth, during the dawn of Men in Middle-earth, were given "gifts" and "knowledge that they kept secret" which made them "powerful and proud," and with their new power, they enslaved the other Men.<ref name=Athrabeth>{{MR|P4i}}</ref>{{rp|348}} In this later text, Men could be given artefacts or taught lore, but magic remained a noninherent trait.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the draft material that appears in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', the complex relationship of creation from the spirits and bodies of Ainur and Elves is explained as spells and enchantments. Irmo used poppies as reagents in his sleep enchantments.<ref name=Valar>{{LT1|III}}</ref>{{rp|74}} Aulë used spells in his smith-craft.<ref name=Melko>{{LT1|IV}}</ref>{{rp|100}} Yavanna used spells and enchantments when creating and growing plants,<ref name=Valar/>{{rp|71, 98}} and she gave spells to Ulmo to populate the seas with aquatic life during the age of "Melko's Chains".<ref name=Melko/>{{rp|106}} In "[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]", [[Lúthien|Tinúviel]], [[Melian|Gwendeling]]'s daughter, wove with magics and spells in her tree house prison, and she was aided by her mother and her brother, [[Daeron|Dairon]].<ref name=Tinuviel>{{LT2|I}}</ref>{{rp|19}}

==External links==
*[http://tolkien.slimy.com/essays/MagicEssay.html Essay on magic in Middle-earth] by Steuard Jensen
*[http://www.darkshire.net/~jhkim/rpg/lordoftherings/magic/principles.html Principles of Tolkien's Magic] by John H. Kim
*[http://fin.yserve.net/layers/html/magic.htm Magic In The Third Age] at Finduilas's J.R.R. Tolkien Page
*[http://tolkien.cro.net/mearth/magic.html Magic in Middle-earth] at tolkien.cro.net
{{references|n}}
[[Category:Magic| ]]

Magic

2016-05-17T02:30:01Z

Elf-esteem: Added another ref about spells from Fellowship

{{cleanup}}
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Nazgûl at the Walls.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Nazgûl at the Walls'']]

{{quote|I am afraid I have been far too casual about 'magic' and especially the use of the word; though Galadriel and others show by the criticism of the 'mortal' use of the word, that the thought about it is not altogether casual. But it is a v. large question, and difficult; and a story which . . . is largely about motives"|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 155]]}}

{{quote|For this is what your folk would call magic. I believe; though I do not understand clearly what they mean; and they seem also to use the same word of the deceits of the Enemy|[[Galadriel]], ''[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]''}}

Although '''magic''' in Middle-earth was not explicitly defined by Tolkien, it was a term used by the [[Hobbits]] to describe processes and abilities of objects which could not be explained outside of their limited lore and knowledge. For Elves and Wizards, what others might call magic was not something special or different from the natural world,<ref name="L155">{{L|155}}</ref> just a part of it that was not immediately visible, leading to more common categorization of things as [[Seen]] or [[Unseen]]. The Seen aspects of a thing or person are only part of it. Through the power of [[the One Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins]] at times saw powerful Elves, such as the High-elf [[Glorfindel]], in their true level of power and radiance that extends into the Unseen.<ref name="Many"/>

==Magic by race==
===Ainur magic===
The [[Ainur]] as supernatural or angelic beings could shape the world in terms according to their natures. [[Melkor]], later Morgoth, had great power but he could only mar or corrupt what his brethren had wrought.<ref name="Ainu">{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

In ''Morgoth's Ring'', it explains that, "to gain domination over Arda, Morgoth had let most of his being pass into the ''physical'' constituents of the Earth" which meant that everything that was born or lived on Earth, such as, beasts, plants, and incarnate spirits, were likely to be tainted.<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|394}} While with the [[One Ring]], Sauron's, "relatively smaller, power was ''concentrated''; Morgoth's vast power was ''disseminated''. The whole of 'Middle-earth' was Morgoth's Ring."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}} In this imbuement of Middle-earth, "Morgoth lost (or exchanged, or transmuted) the greater part of his original 'angelic' powers, of mind and spirit, while gaining a terrible grip upon the physical world."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}}

[[Sauron]], a lieutenant of Morgoth, was a powerful [[Maiar|Maia]] who used his powers to manipulate objects and his slaves. However, these acts of corruption, putting his will and power into other things and people lessened him as it did his master before him. "Evil is fissiparous. But itself barren."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|405}} So with each creation or corruption, they themselves were lessened because parts of their power now existed outside of themselves. It was not an unlimited supply. Even the [[Ainur]] who resided in [[Aman]] had limits. For example, [[Yavanna]] could not remake the light of the [[Two Trees]]. The only hope for them to be restored would be to reclaim the light captured of them in the [[Silmarils]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

Some Maiar, like Sauron, had power nearly the equal of a Vala<ref name="Ainu"/> so that even [[Gandalf|Olórin]] feared him.<ref name="Istari"/>{{rp|393}} Whatever lore he shared with the [[Elves]], such as the making of the [[Rings of Power]] in [[Eregion]], would have unlocked their own understanding of how to craft the rings with their own innate abilities, which is how the master-smith [[Celebrimbor]] was able to create the [[Three Rings]] in secret. But the rings that [[Sauron|Annatar]] had a hand in were corrupted and bound to his own power. Any power that Sauron's slaves or servants had was sourced in him. Servants like the [[Black Númenóreans]] and the Men who became [[Nazgûl]] used this power as sorcery. For example, if [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s heart had been pierced with the Morgul-knife, he would have been a wraith and under the Ringwraith's command as they are under Sauron's.<ref name="Many">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
[[File:Donato Giancola - The Balance of Things.jpg‎|right|thumb|225px|''The Balance of Things by [[Donato Giancola]] featuring the five Wizards]]

The [[Istari]], the Maiar who came to [[Middle-earth]] in the diminished form of men, were tasked to help guide the [[Free peoples]] against Sauron. The nature of the Istari was not known to all, and they were known as wise old men. They were called [[Wizards]]. In Tolkien's mythology, this term is specifically only used for the Order of the Istari, who are of angelic origin. The word "wizard is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''); one of the members of an 'order' (as they called it), claiming to posses, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World."<ref name ="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref>

A member of the race of Men wielding magical powers would be referred to as a sorcerer, whether for good or evil. Although later contradicted, according to Tolkien's [[Letter 155]], the concept of magic in his world did not come from lore or spells, and Men did not have magic.<ref name="L155"/> By this definition, lore like knowing the language of an animal, would not be considered magical in [[Middle-earth]], merely knowledgeable.<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref>{{rp|227-8}} But, it might look like magic to one who did not understand the knowledge.

===Elven magic===
Although the [[Eldar]] of [[Aman]] knew the powers of the [[Ainur]] and were even tutored by them, the Elves did not comprehend the concept of magic as it was used by mortals. Their bodies and spirits worked in harmony and creation came naturally to them. The Elvish "''fëa'' was above all designed to make things in co-operation with the ''hröa''."<ref>{{MR|P4g}}</ref>{{rp|332}} The Elves were taught arts and crafts by the [[Valar]] in [[Valinor]] and put dedication and love in every thing they wrought. They were deeply connected to the things they made, "the love of the Elves for their land and their works is deeper than the deeps of the Sea."<ref name="Mirror"/> Due to their near immortality,<ref name="Laws">{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|212}} Elves could reach high levels of mastery in crafts, arts, and lore.

The Rings of Power and [[lesser rings]] were objects that would seem magical to the [[Secondborn]]; they gave powers of manipulation to the bearer of the [[One Ring]], and some might give the wearer invisibility, which was actually the ability to walk in the Unseen world. Other Elven artefacts were the ''[[Palantíri]]'',<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> the [[Fëanorian lamps|Lamps of the Noldor]],<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}</ref>{{rp|Note 2}} and the [[Mirror of Galadriel]].<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref> Some simpler artefacts were the river-boats of the [[Galadhrim]] and the elven ropes, which seemed to have wills of their own.

Galadriel was tutored by Melian when she resided in Doriath,<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> and with her ring [[Nenya]], she was able to enchant and protect the [[Lothlórien|Golden Wood]].<ref name="Mirror"/> Elrond wore the ring [[Vilya]] which helped him protect his hidden realm of [[Imladris]]. In the Third Age, [[Thranduil]] was the only Elf-lord who did not have a Great Ring to help him maintain his realm against the Enemy. However, he did have the [[Enchanted River]]<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref>, which made people fall asleep and dream deeply, and the [[Elvenking's Halls]] as his fortress to help protect his people.<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref>
[[Image:Šárka Škorpíková - Finrod vs Sauron.jpg|left|thumb|225px|''Finrod versus Sauron'' by Šárka Škorpíková]]

Elves had skill with healing and medicine. Though it was natural to them, those who healed often chose not to fight, except at need, to preserve their skill, "for the Eldar deemed that the dealing of death . . . diminished the power of healing."<ref name="Laws"/>{{rp|213}} While ordinary for an Elf, it might have felt magical to someone healed by them who did not understand how they were using their [[fëa]] (spirit). [[Glorfindel]] helped heal [[Frodo]], without seeming to do more than search the wound with his fingers, "Frodo felt the chill lessen in his side and arm; a little warmth crept down from his shoulder to his hand, and the pain grew easier."<ref name="Flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref> There were no magic words or chants, and no medicine was applied at that time. He also gave Frodo and his companions a drink of clear liquid, which had no taste, that renewed their strength and vigour.<ref name="Flight"/>

Elven minstrels, like [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and [[Lúthien]], also had power in their songs.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>{{rp|170-1, 174, 180-1}} Finrod strove against Sauron in song and made great progress, but he was overpowered with a dire chant. Lúthien, who was half-maia, was able to use stronger enchantments to disguise herself and Beren, and she mesmerized Morgoth with her singing and dancing.<ref name="Beren"/>

===Dark magic===
Sindarin has two words for dark magic: [[morgul]] and [[guldur]]. The element gûl literally means "magic lore" or "long study" and the negative connotations include "necromancy" and "sorcery". Môr translates to "dark" or "night" and dȗr means "dark" or "sombre".<ref group="note"> Sindarin translations found at: [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary]</ref> Alone the words are perfectly neutral as the concept of magic itself is neutral in Middle-earth.<ref name="L155"/> However, when these terms are used in ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' such as referring to [[Dol Guldur]] or a Morgul-knife, they have negative connotations.<ref name="Many"/> Morgul may be referred to as the dark lore and objects produced or influenced through the magic of Sauron and used for evil, which could be shared with his followers, such as the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] and [[Black Númenóreans]].
[[Image:John_Howe_-_Black_Rider_02.jpg‎|right|thumb|150px|''The Black Rider'' by [[John Howe]]]]

The magic of Sauron, or other sorcerers who were taught how to use the corruption Morgoth left in Arda, was based directly upon the physical legacy of his previous master. The "Morgoth-element in matter . . . was a prerequisite for such 'magic' and other evils as Sauron practised with it and upon it."<ref name=Myths>{{MR|P5VII}}</ref>{{rp|400}}

Sauron himself was also known as the Necromancer which indicated that he had power over spirits.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> The [[Witch-king|Witch-king of Angmar]], who wore a Ring of Power, had the ability to summon the [[Barrow-wights]] to the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Dwarven magic===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Doors of Durin.jpg|left|thumb|150px|''The Doors of Durin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (as printed in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Book II, Ch. 4 - [[A Journey in the Dark]]).]]
The constructions of [[Dwarves]] had properties which might be seen as magical. An example could be the [[Doors of Durin]] which opened by themselves upon saying the word ''mellon'', without visible machinery or other assistance. The magical appearance could be the technology of Dwarven ingenuity and craftsmanship. The Elven Door was created by the Dwarven craftsman [[Narvi]] and inscribed by the Elf-lord [[Celebrimbor]] with letters and signs fashioned in [[ithildin]].<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

Another Dwarven door is seen in ''[[The Hobbit]]''. The [[Back Door]] of the Lonely Mountain was a hidden, seamless door which had a keyhole that would only be revealed on Durin's Day. The key lines that may infer an enchantment on the door are:

{{blockquote|A gleam of light came straight through the opening into the bay and fell on the smooth rock-face. The old thrush . . . gave a sudden trill. There was a loud crack. A flake of rock split from the wall and fell. A hole appeared suddenly about three feet from the ground.|{{H|Doorstep}}}}

This appears to be what Tolkien might refer to as ''magia'', or physical magic, because there is a crack and a flake of rock falls off the wall.<ref name="L155"/>

==Tolkien's views==
J.R.R. Tolkien discussed the operations and moral dimensions of magic in [[Letter 155]] of ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''. This letter is actually an unsent part of a draft of [[Letter 154]] which was dated September 25, 1954.

Magic in Middle-earth was explained as an innate ability set of the Ainur and the Firstborn, to the exclusion of other peoples. Regardless, ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' both contain descriptions of special items and weapons that are said to have been crafted by Men and Dwarves, such as the dagger wielded by Merry which stabbed the Witch-king and [[Angrist]].<ref name="Battle">{{RK|Battle}}</ref><ref name=Beren/>

The area of discussion in the letter is the difference between ''magia'' and ''goeteia'', with ''magia'' (physical magic) usually noted as good and ''goeteia'' (charm and conjuring magic) as bad. He wrote, "neither is, in this tale, good or bad (per se), but only by motive or purpose or use. Both sides use both, but with different motives."<ref name="L155"/> The evil motive was to use it to dominate free will. The Enemy used his ''magia'' to "bulldoze" both people and things and used his ''goeteia'' to terrify and subjugate. The Elves and Gandalf sparingly used ''magia'' for specific beneficial purposes (like burning pine cones to toss at the Wargs<ref>{{H|6}}</ref>), and their ''goetic'' effects were "entirely ''artistic'' and not intended to deceive: they never deceive Elves (but may deceive or bewilder unaware Men)."<ref name="L155"/> For Elves, the difference was as clear to them as the difference to us between art (fiction, painting, and sculpture) and life.<ref name="L155"/>

At the end of the draft noted as Letter 155, he wrote "a difference between the use of 'magic' in this story [''The Lord of the Rings''] is that it is not to be come by by 'lore' or spells; but it is an inherent power not possessed or attainable by Men as such."<ref name="L155"/> While "Aragorn's 'healing' might be regarded as 'magical', or at least a blend of magic and pharmacy and 'hypnotic' processes . . . A. is not a pure 'Man', but at long remove one of the 'children of Lúthien'."<ref name="L155"/> However, in [''The Fellowship of the Ring''] at the [[Doors of Durin]], Gandalf said, "I once knew every spell in all the tongues of Elves or Men or Orcs, that was ever used for such a purpose. I can still remember ten score of them without searching in my mind."<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

'''The Númenórean Question''': Since this 1954 letter draft was unsent, he seemed undecided on the total exclusion of Men from spellcasting. Since Men did not have the natural skill to weave their own spirit into things or ideas, they may have used spells. Alongside the final paragraph of Letter 155, which ended with the explanation that Aragorn was distantly of Lúthien's line, Tolkien wrote this question: "'But the Númenóreans used "spells" in making swords?'"<ref name="L155"/>{{rp|Note 2}}

In a later work completed by 1959, the ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]'', there is an amended note which contains the [[Tale of Adanel]] in which the strongest and the cruellest of the fallen Men who worshipped Morgoth, during the dawn of Men in Middle-earth, were given "gifts" and "knowledge that they kept secret" which made them "powerful and proud," and with their new power, they enslaved the other Men.<ref name=Athrabeth>{{MR|P4i}}</ref>{{rp|348}} In this later text, Men could be given artefacts or taught lore, but magic remained a noninherent trait.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the draft material that appears in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', the complex relationship of creation from the spirits and bodies of Ainur and Elves is explained as spells and enchantments. Irmo used poppies as reagents in his sleep enchantments.<ref name=Valar>{{LT1|III}}</ref>{{rp|74}} Aulë used spells in his smith-craft.<ref name=Melko>{{LT1|IV}}</ref>{{rp|100}} Yavanna used spells and enchantments when creating and growing plants,<ref name=Valar/>{{rp|71, 98}} and she gave spells to Ulmo to populate the seas with aquatic life during the age of "Melko's Chains".<ref name=Melko/>{{rp|106}} In "[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]", [[Lúthien|Tinúviel]], [[Melian|Gwendeling]]'s daughter, wove with magics and spells in her tree house prison, and she was aided by her mother and her brother, [[Daeron|Dairon]].<ref name=Tinuviel>{{LT2|I}}</ref>{{rp|19}}

==External links==
*[http://tolkien.slimy.com/essays/MagicEssay.html Essay on magic in Middle-earth] by Steuard Jensen
*[http://www.darkshire.net/~jhkim/rpg/lordoftherings/magic/principles.html Principles of Tolkien's Magic] by John H. Kim
*[http://fin.yserve.net/layers/html/magic.htm Magic In The Third Age] at Finduilas's J.R.R. Tolkien Page
*[http://tolkien.cro.net/mearth/magic.html Magic in Middle-earth] at tolkien.cro.net
{{references|n}}
[[Category:Magic| ]]

Magic

2016-05-08T22:51:46Z

Elf-esteem: The page refs were not broken! Please use rp|# refs to avoid multiple refs to single sources with just page # changes. Undo revision 287624 by Edrastel (talk)

{{cleanup}}
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Nazgûl at the Walls.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Nazgûl at the Walls'']]

{{quote|I am afraid I have been far too casual about 'magic' and especially the use of the word; though Galadriel and others show by the criticism of the 'mortal' use of the word, that the thought about it is not altogether casual. But it is a v. large question, and difficult; and a story which . . . is largely about motives"|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 155]]}}

{{quote|For this is what your folk would call magic. I believe; though I do not understand clearly what they mean; and they seem also to use the same word of the deceits of the Enemy|[[Galadriel]], ''[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]''}}

Although '''magic''' in Middle-earth was not explicitly defined by Tolkien, it was a term used by the [[Hobbits]] to describe processes and abilities of objects which could not be explained outside of their limited lore and knowledge. For Elves and Wizards, what others might call magic was not something special or different from the natural world,<ref name="L155">{{L|155}}</ref> just a part of it that was not immediately visible, leading to more common categorization of things as [[Seen]] or [[Unseen]]. The Seen aspects of a thing or person are only part of it. Through the power of [[the One Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins]] at times saw powerful Elves, such as the High-elf [[Glorfindel]], in their true level of power and radiance that extends into the Unseen.<ref name="Many"/>

==Magic by race==
===Ainur magic===
The [[Ainur]] as supernatural or angelic beings could shape the world in terms according to their natures. [[Melkor]], later Morgoth, had great power but he could only mar or corrupt what his brethren had wrought.<ref name="Ainu">{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

In ''Morgoth's Ring'', it explains that, "to gain domination over Arda, Morgoth had let most of his being pass into the ''physical'' constituents of the Earth" which meant that everything that was born or lived on Earth, such as, beasts, plants, and incarnate spirits, were likely to be tainted.<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|394}} While with the [[One Ring]], Sauron's, "relatively smaller, power was ''concentrated''; Morgoth's vast power was ''disseminated''. The whole of 'Middle-earth' was Morgoth's Ring."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}} In this imbuement of Middle-earth, "Morgoth lost (or exchanged, or transmuted) the greater part of his original 'angelic' powers, of mind and spirit, while gaining a terrible grip upon the physical world."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}}

[[Sauron]], a lieutenant of Morgoth, was a powerful [[Maiar|Maia]] who used his powers to manipulate objects and his slaves. However, these acts of corruption, putting his will and power into other things and people lessened him as it did his master before him. "Evil is fissiparous. But itself barren."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|405}} So with each creation or corruption, they themselves were lessened because parts of their power now existed outside of themselves. It was not an unlimited supply. Even the [[Ainur]] who resided in [[Aman]] had limits. For example, [[Yavanna]] could not remake the light of the [[Two Trees]]. The only hope for them to be restored would be to reclaim the light captured of them in the [[Silmarils]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

Some Maiar, like Sauron, had power nearly the equal of a Vala<ref name="Ainu"/> so that even [[Gandalf|Olórin]] feared him.<ref name="Istari"/>{{rp|393}} Whatever lore he shared with the [[Elves]], such as the making of the [[Rings of Power]] in [[Eregion]], would have unlocked their own understanding of how to craft the rings with their own innate abilities, which is how the master-smith [[Celebrimbor]] was able to create the [[Three Rings]] in secret. But the rings that [[Sauron|Annatar]] had a hand in were corrupted and bound to his own power. Any power that Sauron's slaves or servants had was sourced in him. Servants like the [[Black Númenóreans]] and the Men who became [[Nazgûl]] used this power as sorcery. For example, if [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s heart had been pierced with the Morgul-knife, he would have been a wraith and under the Ringwraith's command as they are under Sauron's.<ref name="Many">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
[[File:Donato Giancola - The Balance of Things.jpg‎|right|thumb|225px|''The Balance of Things by [[Donato Giancola]] featuring the five Wizards]]

The [[Istari]], the Maiar who came to [[Middle-earth]] in the diminished form of men, were tasked to help guide the [[Free peoples]] against Sauron. The nature of the Istari was not known to all, and they were known as wise old men. They were called [[Wizards]]. In Tolkien's mythology, this term is specifically only used for the Order of the Istari, who are of angelic origin. The word "wizard is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''); one of the members of an 'order' (as they called it), claiming to posses, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World."<ref name ="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref>

A member of the race of Men wielding magical powers would be referred to as a sorcerer, whether for good or evil. Although later contradicted, according to Tolkien's [[Letter 155]], the concept of magic in his world did not come from lore or spells, and Men did not have magic.<ref name="L155"/> By this definition, lore like knowing the language of an animal, would not be considered magical in [[Middle-earth]], merely knowledgeable.<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref>{{rp|227-8}} But, it might look like magic to one who did not understand the knowledge.

===Elven magic===
Although the [[Eldar]] of [[Aman]] knew the powers of the [[Ainur]] and were even tutored by them, the Elves did not comprehend the concept of magic as it was used by mortals. Their bodies and spirits worked in harmony and creation came naturally to them. The Elvish "''fëa'' was above all designed to make things in co-operation with the ''hröa''."<ref>{{MR|P4g}}</ref>{{rp|332}} The Elves were taught arts and crafts by the [[Valar]] in [[Valinor]] and put dedication and love in every thing they wrought. They were deeply connected to the things they made, "the love of the Elves for their land and their works is deeper than the deeps of the Sea."<ref name="Mirror"/> Due to their near immortality,<ref name="Laws">{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|212}} Elves could reach high levels of mastery in crafts, arts, and lore.

The Rings of Power and [[lesser rings]] were objects that would seem magical to the [[Secondborn]]; they gave powers of manipulation to the bearer of the [[One Ring]], and some might give the wearer invisibility, which was actually the ability to walk in the Unseen world. Other Elven artefacts were the ''[[Palantíri]]'',<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> the [[Fëanorian lamps|Lamps of the Noldor]],<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}</ref>{{rp|Note 2}} and the [[Mirror of Galadriel]].<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref> Some simpler artefacts were the river-boats of the [[Galadhrim]] and the elven ropes, which seemed to have wills of their own.

Galadriel was tutored by Melian when she resided in Doriath,<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> and with her ring [[Nenya]], she was able to enchant and protect the [[Lothlórien|Golden Wood]].<ref name="Mirror"/> Elrond wore the ring [[Vilya]] which helped him protect his hidden realm of [[Imladris]]. In the Third Age, [[Thranduil]] was the only Elf-lord who did not have a Great Ring to help him maintain his realm against the Enemy. However, he did have the [[Enchanted River]]<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref>, which made people fall asleep and dream deeply, and the [[Elvenking's Halls]] as his fortress to help protect his people.<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref>
[[Image:Šárka Škorpíková - Finrod vs Sauron.jpg|left|thumb|225px|''Finrod versus Sauron'' by Šárka Škorpíková]]

Elves had skill with healing and medicine. Though it was natural to them, those who healed often chose not to fight, except at need, to preserve their skill, "for the Eldar deemed that the dealing of death . . . diminished the power of healing."<ref name="Laws"/>{{rp|213}} While ordinary for an Elf, it might have felt magical to someone healed by them who did not understand how they were using their [[fëa]] (spirit). [[Glorfindel]] helped heal [[Frodo]], without seeming to do more than search the wound with his fingers, "Frodo felt the chill lessen in his side and arm; a little warmth crept down from his shoulder to his hand, and the pain grew easier."<ref name="Flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref> There were no magic words or chants, and no medicine was applied at that time. He also gave Frodo and his companions a drink of clear liquid, which had no taste, that renewed their strength and vigour.<ref name="Flight"/>

Elven minstrels, like [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and [[Lúthien]], also had power in their songs.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>{{rp|170-1, 174, 180-1}} Finrod strove against Sauron in song and made great progress, but he was overpowered with a dire chant. Lúthien, who was half-maia, was able to use stronger enchantments to disguise herself and Beren, and she mesmerized Morgoth with her singing and dancing.<ref name="Beren"/>

===Dark magic===
Sindarin has two words for dark magic: [[morgul]] and [[guldur]]. The element gûl literally means "magic lore" or "long study" and the negative connotations include "necromancy" and "sorcery". Môr translates to "dark" or "night" and dȗr means "dark" or "sombre".<ref group="note"> Sindarin translations found at: [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary]</ref> Alone the words are perfectly neutral as the concept of magic itself is neutral in Middle-earth.<ref name="L155"/> However, when these terms are used in ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' such as referring to [[Dol Guldur]] or a Morgul-knife, they have negative connotations.<ref name="Many"/> Morgul may be referred to as the dark lore and objects produced or influenced through the magic of Sauron and used for evil, which could be shared with his followers, such as the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] and [[Black Númenóreans]].
[[Image:John_Howe_-_Black_Rider_02.jpg‎|right|thumb|150px|''The Black Rider'' by [[John Howe]]]]

The magic of Sauron, or other sorcerers who were taught how to use the corruption Morgoth left in Arda, was based directly upon the physical legacy of his previous master. The "Morgoth-element in matter . . . was a prerequisite for such 'magic' and other evils as Sauron practised with it and upon it."<ref name=Myths>{{MR|P5VII}}</ref>{{rp|400}}

Sauron himself was also known as the Necromancer which indicated that he had power over spirits.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> The [[Witch-king|Witch-king of Angmar]], who wore a Ring of Power, had the ability to summon the [[Barrow-wights]] to the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Dwarven magic===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Doors of Durin.jpg|left|thumb|150px|''The Doors of Durin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (as printed in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Book II, Ch. 4 - [[A Journey in the Dark]]).]]
The constructions of [[Dwarves]] had properties which might be seen as magical. An example could be the [[Doors of Durin]] which opened by themselves upon saying the word ''mellon'', without visible machinery or other assistance. The magical appearance could be the technology of Dwarven ingenuity and craftsmanship. The Elven Door was created by the Dwarven craftsman [[Narvi]] and inscribed by the Elf-lord [[Celebrimbor]] with letters and signs fashioned in [[ithildin]].<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

Another Dwarven door is seen in ''[[The Hobbit]]''. The [[Back Door]] of the Lonely Mountain was a hidden, seamless door which had a keyhole that would only be revealed on Durin's Day. The key lines that may infer an enchantment on the door are:

{{blockquote|A gleam of light came straight through the opening into the bay and fell on the smooth rock-face. The old thrush . . . gave a sudden trill. There was a loud crack. A flake of rock split from the wall and fell. A hole appeared suddenly about three feet from the ground.|{{H|Doorstep}}}}

This appears to be what Tolkien might refer to as ''magia'', or physical magic, because there is a crack and a flake of rock falls off the wall.<ref name="L155"/>

==Tolkien's views==
J.R.R. Tolkien discussed the operations and moral dimensions of magic in [[Letter 155]] of ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''. This letter is actually an unsent part of a draft of [[Letter 154]] which was dated September 25, 1954.

Magic in Middle-earth was explained as an innate ability set of the Ainur and the Firstborn, to the exclusion of other peoples. Regardless, ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' both contain descriptions of special items and weapons that are said to have been crafted by Men and Dwarves, such as the dagger wielded by Merry which stabbed the Witch-king and [[Angrist]].<ref name="Battle">{{RK|Battle}}</ref><ref name=Beren/>

The area of discussion in the letter is the difference between ''magia'' and ''goeteia'', with ''magia'' (physical magic) usually noted as good and ''goeteia'' (charm and conjuring magic) as bad. He wrote, "neither is, in this tale, good or bad (per se), but only by motive or purpose or use. Both sides use both, but with different motives."<ref name="L155"/> The evil motive was to use it to dominate free will. The Enemy used his ''magia'' to "bulldoze" both people and things and used his ''goeteia'' to terrify and subjugate. The Elves and Gandalf sparingly used ''magia'' for specific beneficial purposes (like burning pine cones to toss at the Wargs<ref>{{H|6}}</ref>), and their ''goetic'' effects were "entirely ''artistic'' and not intended to deceive: they never deceive Elves (but may deceive or bewilder unaware Men)."<ref name="L155"/> For Elves, the difference was as clear to them as the difference to us between art (fiction, painting, and sculpture) and life.<ref name="L155"/>

At the end of the draft noted as Letter 155, he wrote "a difference between the use of 'magic' in this story [''The Lord of the Rings''] is that it is not to be come by by 'lore' or spells; but it is an inherent power not possessed or attainable by Men as such."<ref name="L155"/> While "Aragorn's 'healing' might be regarded as 'magical', or at least a blend of magic and pharmacy and 'hypnotic' processes . . . A. is not a pure 'Man', but at long remove one of the 'children of Lúthien'."<ref name="L155"/>

'''The Númenórean Question''': Since this 1954 letter draft was unsent, he seemed undecided on the total exclusion of Men from spellcasting. Since Men did not have the natural skill to weave their own spirit into things or ideas, they may have used spells. Alongside the final paragraph of Letter 155, which ended with the explanation that Aragorn was distantly of Lúthien's line, Tolkien wrote this question: "'But the Númenóreans used "spells" in making swords?'"<ref name="L155"/>{{rp|Note 2}}

In a later work completed by 1959, the ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]'', there is an amended note which contains the [[Tale of Adanel]] in which the strongest and the cruellest of the fallen Men who worshipped Morgoth, during the dawn of Men in Middle-earth, were given "gifts" and "knowledge that they kept secret" which made them "powerful and proud," and with their new power, they enslaved the other Men.<ref name=Athrabeth>{{MR|P4i}}</ref>{{rp|348}} In this later text, Men could be given artefacts or taught lore, but magic remained a noninherent trait.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the draft material that appears in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', the complex relationship of creation from the spirits and bodies of Ainur and Elves is explained as spells and enchantments. Irmo used poppies as reagents in his sleep enchantments.<ref name=Valar>{{LT1|III}}</ref>{{rp|74}} Aulë used spells in his smith-craft.<ref name=Melko>{{LT1|IV}}</ref>{{rp|100}} Yavanna used spells and enchantments when creating and growing plants,<ref name=Valar/>{{rp|71, 98}} and she gave spells to Ulmo to populate the seas with aquatic life during the age of "Melko's Chains".<ref name=Melko/>{{rp|106}} In "[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]", [[Lúthien|Tinúviel]], [[Melian|Gwendeling]]'s daughter, wove with magics and spells in her tree house prison, and she was aided by her mother and her brother, [[Daeron|Dairon]].<ref name=Tinuviel>{{LT2|I}}</ref>{{rp|19}}

==External links==
*[http://tolkien.slimy.com/essays/MagicEssay.html Essay on magic in Middle-earth] by Steuard Jensen
*[http://www.darkshire.net/~jhkim/rpg/lordoftherings/magic/principles.html Principles of Tolkien's Magic] by John H. Kim
*[http://fin.yserve.net/layers/html/magic.htm Magic In The Third Age] at Finduilas's J.R.R. Tolkien Page
*[http://tolkien.cro.net/mearth/magic.html Magic in Middle-earth] at tolkien.cro.net
{{references|n}}
[[Category:Magic| ]]

Eöl

2016-05-08T22:49:46Z

Elf-esteem: Two things: 1. Mith wrote that intro & it's fine 2. the pages refs were perfect, Mith uses rp|# notations, & so should you. It keeps multi-refs neat. Undo revision 287633 by Edrastel (talk)

{{sindar infobox
| name=Eöl
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - Destiny.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Destiny" by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Dark Elf]]
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Nan Elmoth]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=During the [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{FA|400}}
| deathlocation=[[Gondolin]]
| age=
| notablefor=forging of [[Anglachel]] ([[Gurthang]]) and [[Anguirel]]; inventing [[galvorn]]
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Aredhel]]
| children=[[Maeglin]]
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Galvorn
| weapons=Javelin and Anguirel
| steed=
}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Eöl.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
<center>{{quote|You are of the house of Eöl, Maeglin, my son, and not of the Golodhrim. All this land is the land of the Teleri, and I will not deal nor have my son deal with the slayers of our kin, the invaders and usurpers of our homes. In this you shall obey me, or I will set you in bonds.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Maeglin]]}}</center>

'''Eöl''', known as the '''[[Dark Elf]]''', was a [[Sinda]] of the [[First Age]]. Related to [[Thingol]], he left [[Doriath]] to found his own realm in the forest of [[Nan Elmoth]]. He built up a friendship with the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]]. That friendship gave him an insight into their craft, and he came to forge the swords [[Anguirel]] and [[Anglachel]], which later became [[Túrin]]'s sword [[Gurthang]].

In {{FA|316}}, [[Turgon]]'s sister, [[Aredhel]], strayed into his kingdom whom he took for his wife. Later, in {{FA|400}}, Aredhel and their son [[Maeglin]] fled Nan Elmoth for [[Gondolin]] but were pursued by Eöl. In Gondolin, he tried to kill Maeglin with a poisoned javelin, but instead killed Aredhel; for this crime he was executed by being thrown from the cliff of [[Caragdûr]]. The darkness in Eöl's heart was inherited by his son Maeglin and sowed the seeds for the [[Fall of Gondolin]].

==History==
===Early life===
Eöl was of the kin of King [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]].<ref>{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref><ref>{{WJ|Editor}}, Note 33 </ref> But, he was "restless and ill at ease in [[Doriath]],"<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> and when the [[Girdle of Melian]] was raised around the kingdom, he left to dwell in the dark forest of [[Nan Elmoth]], east of Doriath. He had a preference for the land as it had been, before the Sun, for "he loved the night and twilight under the stars."<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> He had little love for the Noldor whom he blamed for the return of Morgoth.

He was unique among the Elves of old because he befriended the [[Dwarves]]. Their travels into East Beleriand followed two roads, and the northern way would bring them close to Nan Elmoth. There he would meet with them. Eöl was interested in learning from them, and he shared a rare friendship with the Dwarves of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]]. As a guest in their mansions, he developed his great skill in metalwork while they learned "much of what passed in the lands of the Eldar" from him.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

Eöl was a skilled craftsman and a master sword-smith.<ref name=Quendi/> Among his greatest works were the two swords made from the iron of a meteorite, [[Anglachel]] and [[Anguirel]]. Anglachel he gave to Thingol as a begrudged payment for dwelling in Nan Elmoth,<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref> and it would later become the sword borne by [[Beleg]], and after him, [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]]. Eöl also devised the strong yet supple, jet-black metal known as [[galvorn]], from which he forged the armour that he used when travelling abroad.

===Aredhel and Maeglin===
In the early fourth century of the First Age, Eöl saw [[Aredhel]], the sister of [[Turgon]] the King of [[Gondolin]], near the borders of Nan Elmoth. She was very fair and he desired her. Aredhel had become separated from her companions, and Eöl used his enchantments to draw her deeper into the woods and unable to find a way out, until she came, weary with wandering, to his home. He showed himself and welcomed her. She entered his home willingly and stayed. He took her to wife, and in {{FA|320}}, she bore him a son. The child's mother-name was "Lómion", but his father gave him the name of [[Maeglin]].

In the summer of {{FA|400}}, Eöl travelled into the Blue Mountains for a midsummer feast with the Dwarves of Nogrod, and he returned home to find that his wife and son had left two days earlier. Mounting a horse, he gave chase. Along the way, he was waylaid and taken before [[Curufin]] who unkindly counselled him to stop his chase with a predicition of his death if he continued. Eöl eventually discovered his wife and son at the [[Ford of Brithiach]]. Realizing that Aredhel was returning to Gondolin with his son, Eöl followed them. He found his way to the [[Dry River]], and that secret way led him to the gates of Gondolin itself. There he was captured and taken to the King.

Turgon at first welcomed Eöl as a kinsman, but under the King's law, one who had found the way to the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]] was not permitted to leave. Eöl refused to acknowledge the law or the right of the Noldor to "seize realms or to set bounds" and claimed the land as Teleri.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> He blamed the Noldor for bringing war to a peaceful land.

Turgon pointed out that the borders of Eöl's own "sunless woods", Nan Elmoth, were defended by Noldor swords, and if it were not for their presence, he would be a thrall in the pits of Angband. Eöl was left one choice: abide in Gondolin or die. The same choice was left for his son, who chose to stay.

Enraged at the humiliation and the loss of his freedom, Eöl chose death, for himself and his son, and cast a javelin, which he had hidden beneath his cloak, at Maeglin. Aredhel stepped in front of her son, and she was struck in the shoulder. Though the wound was treated and seemed minor, no one knew the point of the javelin had been poisoned until it was too late, and she died. Eöl was executed for this heinous crime, thrown off the high cliff of [[Caragdûr]]. Before he was cast down, he cursed his son to share the same fate.<ref name=SilmMaeglin>{{S|Maeglin}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Tolkien does have other renditions of this character that include references to him as an Avar and even as a "darkened Elf".<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>{{rp|62}} In note 9 of Tolkien's essay "Quendi and the Eldar", another draft of Eöl's story appears, dated as written between 1959-1960. In this version, he is an Avar who had once been of the second clan of Elves, the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]]. That would make him a first generation Elf. Eöl's marriage is a little different in this story as well. He found "the sister of King Turgon, astray in the wild near his dwelling, and he took her to wife by force: a very wicked deed in the eyes of the Eldar."<ref name=Quendi>{{WJ|Quendi}}</ref>{{rp|409}}

However, that incident contradicts his late 1950s writing on the Eldar included in his essay "Laws and Customs Among the Eldar" which states that another's spouse cannot be forced.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|Note 5}} It clearly implies that acts of lust are very rare and that an Elf can reject bodily life to thwart sexual assault.<ref name=Laws/> This conflict of what it meant when Eöl took Aredhel to wife is ameliorated in ''The Silmarillion'' with the simple explanation that Aredhel was not "wholly unwilling" nor that her life in Nan Elmoth was "hateful to her for many years."<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

This essay on the Eldar also clarifies the idea that once Idril married Tuor, for example, Maeglin should have relinquished his desire for her because he could not physically have her regardless of Morgoth's promise. However, by this point, Maeglin was a darkened Elf.<ref name=Quendi/> It also is exemplified in another brief tale circa 1958 of [[Melkor]] attempting to marry and then ravish the Maia-maiden [[Arien]], but she released her spirit.<ref>{{MR|Myths}}</ref>{{rp|381}} Among the Eldar, and apparently among the Ainur, marriage could not be forced as it was among some Men (see [[Aerin]]).

==Etymology==
The meaning of the name ''Eöl'' is unknown, and also to which language it pertains. The word is neither [[Quenya]] nor [[Sindarin]].<ref name=Maeglin320/> It has been suggested that the name could be an [[Avarin]] word.<ref>[[Helge Fauskanger]], "[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/avarin.htm Avarin: All Six Words]" at [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/ Ardalambion] (accessed 19 December 2010)</ref> In a further note about Eöl's name, Tolkien wrote, "it isn't really absolutely necessary that names should be significant."<ref name=Maeglin320/>

Usually the reference of a Dark Elf simply refers to an Elf who has not seen the light of Aman, but the concept of a darkened Elf would be one that may have been corrupted by Morgoth.<ref name=Maeglin320/> Tolkien liked this concept as an explanation for his superb and insidious smith-craft, which was written in a margin note of Eöl's story,<ref name=Maeglin320>{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref>{{rp|320}} but he chose instead to consider him more likely acquainted with the Dwarves.<ref name=Quendi/>{{rp|Note 9}}

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| FNG |y| ANA | |FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|ANA=[[Anairë]]''b. {{YT}}''|}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree| | | ARE |y| EOL | ARE=[[Aredhel]]''{{YT|1362}} - {{FA|400}}''|EOL='''EÖL'''''d. {{FA|400}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | MAE | | |MAE=[[Maeglin]]''{{FA|320}} - {{FA|510|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>
== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Eöl|Images of Eöl]]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eol}}
[[Category:Avarin words]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindar]]

Elven life cycle

2016-05-02T23:51:25Z

Elf-esteem: cleaning up sentence structure & spelling

{{quote|[[Yén]]i ve lintë yuldar avánier [...] lisse [[miruvor|Miruvóreva]] (The long years have passed like swift draughts of the sweet mead)|[[Galadriel]]<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']]
Owing to their longevity, the [[Elves]] had a very different '''Life cycle''' than [[Men]]. Most of the following information strictly refers only to the [[Eldar]]—but much could probably be applied to the [[Avari]] as well.

==Early life==
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Feanoreans - Family picture.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Family picture'']]
Elves are born about one year after their begetting.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The day of their begetting is remembered, not the actual birthday itself, because bringing forth children is an act of will, and it required a "greater share and strength of their being, in mind and in body" than takes place "in the making of mortal children."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} By their first year, Elf children can speak, walk, and dance, and their quicker onset of mental maturity makes young Elves seem older than they actually are.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|209-10}} Physical puberty is generally complete by their fiftieth year (by age fifty they reach their adult height), but they are not considered full-grown until a hundred years have passed.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

Elves' bodies developed slower than those of Men, but their minds developed more swiftly.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|209-10}} In their twenties, they might still appear physically seven years old, though the Elf-child would have mature language and skill,<ref name=NotesB>{{MR|P3II3e}}</ref>{{rp|228}} whereas Men at the same age are already physically mature.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

==Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood==
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|thumb|[[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]] - ''Love at First Sight'']]
Elves marry for love, or at least with free will from both parties, typically early in life. Monogamy is practised and adultery is unthinkable.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|229}} By their very nature, they are "seldom swayed by the desires of the body" or influenced by lust.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} They marry only once for it was ruled by Manwë that, "'since the Elves are by nature permanent in life within Arda, so also is their unmarred marriage.'"<ref name=marriage>{{MR|P3II3d}}</ref>{{rp|225}} [[Finwë]], first [[High King of the Noldor]], was an exception. After his [[Míriel|first wife]] died, from passing the majority of her life into [[Fëanor]],<ref name=LawsA>{{MR|P3II3f}}</ref>{{rp|237}} and refused to be re-emboided, Finwë was permitted to marry again. This was pronounced by [[Mandos|Námo]] as the 'Doom of Finwë and Míriel'.<ref name=marriage/>{{rp|226}}

Spouses may choose each other, in their youth, long before they are married and be betrothed. The betrothal is subject to parental approval from both houses unless the parties are of age and intend to marry soon. At which point, the betrothal is announced at a meeting of the two houses, during which the couple exchange silver rings. The betrothal lasts at least a year. A betrothal is revocable by a public return of the rings, which will then be molten, but revocation was rarely needed because "the Eldar do not err lightly" in the choice of their partner.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} After their formal betrothal, the couple appoints a time for the wedding when at least a year has passed.

Marriage is celebrated at a feast of the two houses. The spouses return their betrothal rings, which they keep, and receive "slender rings of gold" which are worn upon "the index of the right hand."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} In Noldor tradition, the bride’s mother gives the groom a jewel to be worn and the bridegroom's father gives a similar gift to the bride. These ceremonies and traditions were only a way for the parents to show their love and to mark a respectful recognition of the two houses which would be joined. While it was considered "ungracious and contemptuous of kin", in days of peace, "to forgo the ceremonies," it was completely lawful for a couple to be married without them.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The indissoluble union was completed solely by the "act of bodily union" which achieved marriage.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} Technically, without ceremony or witnesses, only blessings exchanged between the bride and groom, including speaking of the name of [[Eru]], and consummation are required for marriage.

[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|left|[[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]] - ''Lumen Melma'']]
The Elves view the sexual act as extremely special for "the union of love is indeed to them great delight and joy."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} Extra-marital sex would be against their nature because they can "read at once in the eyes and voice of another whether they be wed or unwed"; they would release their own spirit to Mandos before succumbing to rape, and premarital sex would create marriage which makes the term itself a misnomer.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}} "There is no record of any among the Elves that [actually] took another's spouse by force" though [[Maeglin]] made the wrongful attempt to steal [[Idril]].<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}}<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|169}}

Spouses can sometimes live separately for extended periods of time. Though united in body and spirit, they remain individuals with different gifts of mind and body to pursue.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} However, a sundering during pregnancy or during the early years of parenthood, such as by war, would be so grievous to the couple, and hurtful to the child, that they prefer to have children in peaceful times.<ref name=Rebirth>{{MR|P3II3c}}</ref>{{rp|221}}

Elves typically have four children or fewer. [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]], who had seven sons, were a notable exception.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 4}} Whenever the Eldar married, whether in youth or in later life, their children were produced within a relatively short time after their wedding. However, in mortal count, a century or two may pass before the begetting of the first child and even longer between child and child.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} After their time of children, the desire to procreate soon ceases. They turn their powers of body and mind to other tasks and arts. Nonetheless, they cherish the days of bearing and raising children as the happiest times of their lives.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

There are examples that appear to contradict this ideal. An example of extreme marital strife among the Eldar is the case of [[Eöl]] and [[Aredhel]], where Eöl tried to restrain his wife from living the life of her choice. As a result, Aredhel left Eöl without his knowing, and took their son, Maeglin, with her back to [[Gondolin]]. The end result was that Eöl sought revenge upon his own family, and while seeking to slay his rebellious son, slew his wife accidentally.<ref name="SilmMaeglin">{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> Another example of great discontent developed between Fëanor and Nerdanel after the theft of the [[Silmarils]]. Nerdanel did not wish to be parted from all her children nor did she wish to follow her husband against the [[Valar]]'s wishes. Fëanor's harsh response was that, if she would not follow him, she was an untrue wife for deserting both her husband and her children.<ref name=Feanor>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref>{{rp|354}}

[[Celegorm]]'s pursuit of [[Lúthien]] and [[Maeglin]]'s attraction to [[Idril]] are cases of elves who sought disinterested partners. The desire for these unwilling wives was mixed with a desire for power. While unrequited love was known to happen, few of the Eldar responded so negatively to it.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} [[Indis]] loved [[Finwë]] with secret admiration but remained contently unwed because he was married.<ref name=LawsA/>{{rp|238}} [[Turgon]], Idril's father, denied Maeglin's suit for Idril's hand because he believed that Maeglin sought power more than the love of his daughter.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}} In Celegorm's case, he was motivated to claim Lúthien as his bride to force her father, [[Thingol]], to ally with the [[Fëanorians]] during the [[Siege of Angband]]. However, [[Huan]] and [[Beren]] defended Lúthien, against the attempted bride-stealing by Celegorm and the later attack by [[Curufin]].<ref name=Beren>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==Daily life==
Elves preoccupy themselves with various arts, such as: smithwork, sculpture, weaving, music, lore, and healing. Males and females have equal skill in all things, not concerned with the bringing forth of children; however, the females often specialize in the arts of healing while the men go to war.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} This is because the Elves believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. Women who hunted would not specialize in healing, and men who healed would refrain from hunting and only fight when absolutely necessary, for "the virtue . . . in this matter [of healing] was due . . . to their abstaining from hunting or war."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213-4}} Elves do not have rigid gender roles though natural inclinations were recognized, which varied based on the time and place and among the different peoples of Elves.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

==Later life==
[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|thumb|[[Jef Murray]] - ''Cirdan'']]
Eventually, if they did not die in battle or from some other cause, Elves, such as Noldor and [[Teleri]], of [[Middle-earth]] grew weary and desired to go to [[Valinor]], where the [[Valar]] sheltered their kind. This was known as the sea-longing.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref> Those who wished to leave for the Undying Lands went by ships provided at the [[Grey Havens]], where [[Círdan]] the Shipwright dwelt with his folk. Those, of any Elven people, who did not perish through bodily death or depart from Middle-earth across the sea would eventually fade. Fading occurred when their ''[[fëar]]'' consumed their bodies and the body became merely a memory of the ''fëa''. In this state, "they were open to the direct instruction and command of the Valar" and as soon as they were disembodied in this way they would be summoned to the 'Halls of Waiting' in Aman.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|219}}

=="Cycles of life" and ageing==
Elves had no beards, at least until their "third cycle of life", like [[Círdan]]. [[Mahtan]] was an exception, and had a beard in his early "second cycle".<ref>{{VT|41b}}</ref>{{rp|9}} The Elvish beardlessness could also be observed in Mannish lines with an Elvish strain (as in the princely house of [[Dol Amroth]]), which lacked beards.<ref>{{UT|6}}, "Amroth and Nimrodel", p. 320 (HarperCollins paperback; 1998)</ref>

While the three cycles are not specifically defined, the first cycle is likely childhood and adolescence, which ended at the 100th year, the second is adulthood which could continue for Ages, and the third is for extremely old Elves; Círdan was the most ancient known Elf in Middle-earth. However, Elves, who were not ancient, could enter the third stage sooner due to tragic life events. When Lúthien wilfully released her spirit to follow Beren, her father saw her die, and "a winter, as it were the hoar age of mortal Men, fell upon Thingol."<ref name=Beren/>

Apparently, beards, though rare, were the only sign of further natural physical ageing beyond maturity.

Elves did not physically age after they reached maturity, but they did age in a different sense than Men. They became ever more weary of the world and burdened by its sorrows.<ref>{{S|9}}</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> Círdan seemed to be aged himself since he is described as looking old, save for the stars in his eyes; this may be due to all the sorrows he had seen and lived through since the [[First Age]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref> He had been one of the Teleri on the [[Great Journey]] who tarried on the shores of Middle-earth for Thingol's sake, and at the [[Valar]]'s behest, though he had greatly wished to go to Aman.<ref name=Last/>{{rp|385-6}} Another aged elf was [[Gwindor]], the people of [[Nargothrond]] had trouble recognizing him after he escaped from being a prisoner of [[Morgoth]] in the pits of [[Angband]] for fourteen years.<ref name=Gwindor>{{S|21}}</ref>

Another bearded elf was possibly [[Tinfang Gelion]].{{fact}}

==Death==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea'']]
Elves are naturally [[immortal]]. In addition to their immortality, Elves are immune to all diseases, and they can recover from wounds which would normally kill a mortal Man.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|218-9}} However, Elves can be physically slain or die of grief and weariness.

Elves who die or are killed go to the [[Halls of Mandos]] in Valinor if they heed the summons. After a certain period of time and rest, their spirits (''[[fëar]]'') are incarnated in bodies (''[[Fëa and hröa|hröar]]'') identical to their old ones. They almost never go back to Middle-earth with the exception of [[Lúthien]] who returned as a mortal.<ref name=Beren/> [[Glorfindel]] of [[Rivendell]] may have been intended to have been Glorfindel of [[Gondolin]], who returned to Middle-earth in {{TA|1000}} with [[Olórin]], but this notion existed only in drafts and notes.<ref name=Last>{{PM|Last}}</ref>{{rp|377-82}}

{{references}}
[[Category: Elves]]

Elven life cycle

2016-05-02T12:42:43Z

Elf-esteem: /* Later life */

{{quote|[[Yén]]i ve lintë yuldar avánier [...] lisse [[miruvor|Miruvóreva]] (The long years have passed like swift draughts of the sweet mead)|[[Galadriel]]<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']]
Owing to their longevity, the [[Elves]] had a very different '''Life cycle''' than [[Men]]. Most of the following information strictly refers only to the [[Eldar]]—but much could probably be applied to the [[Avari]] as well.

==Early life==
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Feanoreans - Family picture.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Family picture'']]
Elves are born about one year after their begetting.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The day of their begetting is remembered, not the actual birthday itself, because bringing forth children is an act of will, and it required a "greater share and strength of their being, in mind and in body" than takes place "in the making of mortal children."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} By their first year, Elf children can speak, walk, and dance, and their quicker onset of mental maturity makes young Elves seem older than they actually are.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|209-10}} Physical puberty is generally complete by their fiftieth year (by age fifty they reach their adult height), but they are not considered full-grown until a hundred years have passed.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

Elves' bodies developed slower than those of Men, but their minds developed more swiftly than the children of Men.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|209-10}} In their twenties, they might still appear physically seven years old, though the Elf-child would have mature language and skill,<ref name=NotesB>{{MR|P3II3e}}</ref>{{rp|228}} whereas Men at the same age are already physically mature.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

==Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood==
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|thumb|[[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]] - ''Love at First Sight'']]
Elves marry for love, or at least with free will from both parties, typically early in life. Monogamy is practised and adultery is unthinkable.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|229}} By their very nature, they are "seldom swayed by the desires of the body" or influenced by lust.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} They marry only once for it was ruled by Manwë that, "'since the Elves are by nature permanent in life within Arda, so also is their unmarred marriage.'"<ref name=marriage>{{MR|P3II3d}}</ref>{{rp|225}} [[Finwë]], first [[High King of the Noldor]], was an exception. After his [[Míriel|first wife]] died, from passing the majority of her life into [[Fëanor]],<ref name=LawsA>{{MR|P3II3f}}</ref>{{rp|237}} and refusing to be re-emboided, Finwë was permitted to marry again. This was pronounced by [[Mandos|Námo]] as the 'Doom of Finwë and Míriel'.<ref name=marriage/>{{rp|226}}

Spouses may choose each other, in their youth, long before they are married and be betrothed. The betrothal is subject to parental approval from both houses unless the parties are of age and intend to marry soon. At which point, the betrothal is announced at a meeting of the two houses, during which the couple exchange silver rings. The betrothal lasts at least a year. A betrothal is revocable by a public return of the rings, which will then be molten, but revocation was rarely needed because "the Eldar do not err lightly" in the choice of their partner.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} After their formal betrothal, the couple appoints a time for the wedding when at least a year has passed.

Marriage is celebrated at a feast of the two houses. The spouses return their betrothal rings, which they keep, and receive "slender rings of gold" which are worn upon "the index of the right hand."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} In Noldor tradition, the bride’s mother gives the groom a jewel to be worn and the bridegroom's father gives a similar gift to the bride, but these ceremonies and traditions were only a way for the parents to show their love and a respectful recognition of the two houses which would be joined. While it was considered rude, in days of peace, "to forgo the ceremonies," it was completely lawful for a couple to be married without them.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The indissoluble union was completed solely by the "act of bodily union" which achieved marriage.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} Technically, without ceremony or witnesses, only blessings exchanged between the bride and groom, including speaking of the name of [[Eru]], and consummation are required for marriage.

[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|left|[[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]] - ''Lumen Melma'']]
The Elves view the sexual act as extremely special for "the union of love is indeed to them great delight and joy."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} Extra-marital sex would be against their nature because they can "read at once in the eyes and voice of another whether they be wed or unwed;" they would release their own spirit to Mandos before succumbing to rape, and premarital sex would create marriage which makes the term itself a misnomer.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}} "There is no record of any among the Elves that [actually] took another's spouse by force" though [[Maeglin]] made the wrongful attempt to steal [[Idril]].<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}}<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|169}}

Spouses can sometimes live separately for extended periods of time. Though united in body and spirit, they remain individuals with different gifts of mind and body to pursue.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} However, a sundering during pregnancy or during the early years of parenthood, such as by war, would be so grievous to the couple, and hurtful to the child, that they prefer to have children in peaceful times.<ref name=Rebirth>{{MR|P3II3c}}</ref>{{rp|221}}

Elves typically have four children or fewer. [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]], who had seven sons, were a notable exception.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 4}} Whenever the Eldar married, whether in youth or in later life, their children were produced within a relatively short time after their wedding. However, in mortal count, a century or two may pass before the begetting of the first child and even longer between child and child.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} After their time of children, the desire to procreate soon ceases. They turn their powers of body and mind to other tasks and arts. Nonetheless, they cherish the days of bearing and raising children as the happiest times of their lives.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

There are examples that appear to contradict this ideal. An example of extreme marital strife among the Eldar is the case of [[Eöl]] and [[Aredhel]], where Eöl tried to restrain his wife from living the life of her choice. As a result, Aredhel left Eöl without his knowing, and took their son, Maeglin, with her back to [[Gondolin]]. The end result was that Eöl sought revenge upon his own family, and while seeking to slay his rebellious son, slew his wife accidently.<ref name="SilmMaeglin">{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> Another example of great discontent developed between Fëanor and Nerdanel after the theft of the [[Silmarils]]. Nerdanel did not wish to be parted from all her children nor did she wish to follow her husband against the [[Valar]]'s wishes. Fëanor's harsh response was that, if she would not follow him, she was an untrue wife for deserting both her husband and her children.<ref name=Feanor>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref>{{rp|354}}

[[Celegorm]]'s pursuit of [[Lúthien]] and [[Maeglin]]'s attraction to [[Idril]] are cases of elves who sought partners who did not appreciate their attentions. The desire for these unwilling wives was mixed with a desire for power. While unrequited love was known to happen, few of the Eldar responded so negatively to it.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} [[Indis]] loved [[Finwë]] with secret admiration but remained contently unwedded because he was married.<ref name=LawsA/>{{rp|238}} [[Turgon]], Idril's father, denied Maeglin's suit for Idril's hand because he believed that Maeglin sought power more than the love of his daughter.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}} In Celegorm's case, he was motivated to claim Lúthien as his bride to force her father, [[Thingol]], to ally with the [[Fëanorians]] during the [[Siege of Angband]]. However, [[Huan]] and [[Beren]] defended Lúthien, against the attempted bride-stealing by Celegorm and the later attack by [[Curufin]].<ref name=Beren>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==Daily life==
Elves preoccupy themselves with various arts, such as: smithwork, sculpture, weaving, music, lore, and healing. Males and females have equal skill in all things, not concerned with the bringing forth of children; however, the females often specialize in the arts of healing while the men go to war.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} This is because the Elves believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. Women who hunted would not specialize in healing, and men who healed would refrain from hunting and only fight when absolutely necessary, for "the virtue . . . in this matter [of healing] was due . . . to their abstaining from hunting or war."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213-4}} Elves do not have rigid gender roles though natural inclinations were recognized, which varied based on the time and place and among the different peoples of Elves.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

==Later life==
[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|thumb|[[Jef Murray]] - ''Cirdan'']]
Eventually, if they did not die in battle or from some other cause, Elves, such as Noldor and Sindar, of [[Middle-earth]] grew weary and desired to go to [[Valinor]], where the [[Valar]] sheltered their kind. This was known as the sea-longing.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref> Those who wished to leave for the Undying Lands went by boats provided at the [[Grey Havens]], where [[Círdan]] the Shipwright dwelt with his folk. Those, of any Elven people, who did not perish through bodily death or depart from Middle-earth across the sea would eventually fade. Fading occurred when their ''[[fëar]]'' consumed their bodies and the body became merely a memory of the ''fëa''. In this state, "they were open to the direct instruction and command of the Valar" and as soon as they were disembodied in this way they would be summoned to the 'Halls of Waiting' in Aman.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|219}}

=="Cycles of life" and aging==
Elves had no beards, at least until their "third cycle of life", like [[Círdan]]. [[Mahtan]] was an exception, and had a beard in his early "second cycle".<ref>{{VT|41b}}</ref>{{rp|9}} The Elvish beardlessness could also be observed in Mannish lines with an Elvish strain (as in the princely house of [[Dol Amroth]]), which lacked beards.<ref>{{UT|6}}, "Amroth and Nimrodel", p. 320 (HarperCollins paperback; 1998)</ref>

While the three cycles are not specifically defined, the first cycle is likely childhood and adolescence, which ended at the 100th year, the second is adulthood which could continue for Ages, and the third is for extremely old Elves; Círdan was the most ancient known Elf in Middle-earth. However, Elves, who were not ancient, could enter the third stage sooner due to tragic life events. When Lúthien released her spirit to follow Beren and plea before Mandos, her father saw her die and "a winter, as it were the hoar age of mortal Men, fell upon Thingol."<ref name=Beren/>

Apparently, beards, though rare, were the only sign of further natural physical aging beyond maturity.

Elves did not physically age over their 100th year but they did age in a different sense than Men: they became ever more weary of the world and burdened by its sorrows,<ref>{{S|9}}</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> sometimes appeared to age under great stress.<ref name=Gwindor>{{S|21}}</ref> Círdan seemed to be aged himself, since he is described as looking old, save for the stars in his eyes; this may be due to all the sorrows he had seen and lived through since the [[First Age]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref><ref name=Last/>{{rp|385-6}} Also, the people of [[Nargothrond]] had trouble recognizing [[Gwindor]] after his time as a prisoner of [[Morgoth]].<ref name=Gwindor/>

Another bearded elf was possibly [[Tinfang Gelion]].

==Death==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea'']]
Elves are naturally [[immortal]]. In addition to their immortality, Elves are immune to all diseases, and they can recover from wounds which would normally kill a mortal Man. However, Elves can be slain, or die of grief and weariness.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|218-9}}

Elves who die or are killed go to the [[Halls of Mandos]] in Valinor if they heed the summons. After a certain period of time and rest, their spirits (''[[fëar]]'') are incarnated in bodies (''[[Fëa and hröa|hröar]]'') identical to their old ones. They almost never go back to Middle-earth with the exception of [[Lúthien]] who returned as a mortal.<ref name=Beren/> [[Glorfindel]] of [[Rivendell]] may have been intended to have been Glorfindel of [[Gondolin]], who returned to Middle-earth in {{TA|1000}} with [[Olórin]], but this notion existed only in drafts and notes.<ref name=Last>{{PM|Last}}</ref>{{rp|377-82}}

{{references}}
[[Category: Elves]]

User talk:Edrastel

2016-05-02T00:09:24Z

Elf-esteem: more userboxes please! (as long as the admin doesn't mind)

{{Template:Welcome|realName=Ian|name=Edrastel}}

-- [[User:Mith|'''Mith''']] ([[User talk:Mith|'''Talk''']]/[[Special:Contributions/Mith|Contribs]]/[[Special:Editcount/Mith/Edits|Edits]]) 04:07, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

== References ==

Hi there, just a quick note to ask that when you add references to any book in the ''The History of Middle-earth'' series can you also add a page reference? Cheers! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 20:02, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

Will do! -- [[User:Edrastel|Edrastel]] 22:11, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

:Hi Edrastel! Thanks for your good work at TG! Another quick note: when it comes to referencing ''Unfinished Tales'' there is a specific problem. Different editions of this book use different pagination (in contrast to ''The History of Middle-earth''). Having a page reference might therefore be confusing for readers. The same applies, for example, to ''The Lord of the Rings''.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 13:36, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

Ah, I see. I wasn't sure if the page citations applied to all non-Hobbit/LOTR/Silmarillion content. I'll remember in the future! --[[User:Edrastel|Edrastel]] 14:05, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

== OMG Bro! ==
You are killing me (of course there was no way you could have known, heh). I just spent over an hour sourcing, writing, and editing Ingwë's page, and now I can't save any of my editing because you went in and changed ONE word (okay, actually it was two words). >_< I really don't know what to do right now, but if I undo your edit and then put it back, please forgive me. I don't think that would work though because the undo might just count as another change.

So, for right now I'm just going to copy over for each section I changed, save it, and then put back your History edit. --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 03:08, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

Oh, wow, sorry! I had no idea D: I'll steer clear of that page for now while you're at it. If you've still got the citations in an unsaved source, maybe you could copy it? --[[User:Edrastel|Edrastel]] 03:23, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

:Whew! Heh. I really should save as I go, so I don't get stuck for like 2 hours on one page dithering around between mutliple books and pdf file searches to find the info I need. But, I worry that half-done edits will draw the ire of the admin. Anyway, the undo trick worked! I undid your edit, which allowed me to save my edit, and then edited your edit back. *wipes brow* All is well! Just one of those things. Do as you wish with Ingwë's page, I'm done with it for now.

:I saved a copy in my sandbox, too, just in case, like you suggested. I had no idea if the undo thing would work. I probably should putter in my sandbox, instead of live editing when I do page overhauls, but I swear I was literally just going to add like 1 or 2 refs in 'other versions'. Then I saw all these messy refs and it became a thing. Things happen.--[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 03:31, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

Yup. Glad to see everything's worked out though! --[[User:Edrastel|Edrastel]] 03:56, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

==I love your userboxes!==
As long as the admin doesn't mind, please sir, may I have some more? But Angband though? Boooooooooooooooo! I want an anti-Angband one. This user was happy when Glorfindel stomped on Angband in {{TA|1975}}! My best friend says, you need to make a userbox for Team Éowyn and Team Arwen, lol! I am thinking maybe Team Boromir and Team Faramir, too because I would be on Team Faramir. Faramir was a really good person. How about one for this user supports a fruit sun and a flower moon? Or does that just fall under the flat earth Silmarillion? This user believes that Elves awoke beneath the stars of Varda. Yup! --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 00:09, 2 May 2016 (UTC)

Elven characteristics

2016-05-01T23:45:53Z

Elf-esteem: ref'd Galadriel's golden-silver hair colour & and fixed the mistaken quotes

[[File:Piotr Fox Wysocki - Last Elf.jpg|thumb|''Last Elf'' by Piotr Wysocki]]{{quote|The Elves have their own labours and their own sorrows, and they are little concerned with the ways of hobbits, or of any other creatures upon earth.|[[Gildor Inglorion]]<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref>}}
The [[Elves]] were the fairest creatures in [[Arda]], a far more beautiful race than [[Men]], and generally tall (about six feet). {{fact}} Among them, [[Calaquendi|those]] who had gone to [[Valinor]] were the fairest and had the greatest skill of body.

Elves had keener senses, sight and hearing than Men, were slender, graceful yet strong, but were resistant to extremes of nature, illness and disease. However many [[Noldor]] died at the crossings of [[Helcaraxe]].

Practical considerations, including a number of occasions where Men were mistaken for Elves (most notably [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]]), suggest that the points of difference between Elves and Men, must have been subtle.

== Pointed ears ==
Whether Elvish ears were pointed or not is open for speculation,<ref name=Dunkerson>{{webcite|author=Conrad Dunkerson|articleurl=http://tolkien.slimy.com/essays/Ears.html|articlename=Do the Elves in Tolkien's stories have pointed ears?|dated=|website=[http://tolkien.slimy.com/ The Tolkien Meta-FAQ]|accessed=15 February 2012}}</ref><ref name=Martinez>{{webcite|author=[[Michael Martinez]]|articleurl=http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2011/09/21/do-tolkiens-elves-have-pointy-ears/|articlename=Do Tolkien’s Elves Have Pointy Ears?|dated=21 September 2011|website=[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/ Middle.earth.Xenite.org]|accessed=15 February 2012}}</ref> but it should be noted that there are no explicit references to pointed Elvish ears in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' or ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

It was stated in early linguistic writings that "the [[Quendi|Quendian]] ears were more pointed and leaf-shaped than [[Men|Human]]."<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 368 (roots LAS1 and LAS2)</ref><ref>{{VT|45a}}, p. 26</ref> Answering to a question on [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] ears, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] wrote that these were "only slightly pointed and 'elvish'".<ref>{{L|27}}</ref> Some fans take this to mean that Elvish ears were pointed, while others argue that it is an ambiguous statement.<ref name=Dunkerson/><ref name=Martinez/>

== Hair colour ==
The [[Vanyar]] were generally golden-haired, with the name ''Vanyar'' meaning "the Fair" in [[Quenya]] and refering to their light-coloured hair.{{Fact}} Other Elves - including the [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], and [[Avari]] - had dark or even black hair.<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 118, 125</ref><ref group=note>[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes in one manuscript that "''no Elf had absolute black hair''" ({{PE|17}}, p. 125)</ref> [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]] and her remote descendant [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]], both described as the fairest of all Elves, were dark haired. Additionally, a silver hair colour existed among the [[Teleri]] and in the royal houses of the Sindar, with [[Thingol]], [[Círdan]] and [[Celeborn]] all described as having silver hair.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}: Sindar</ref>

Occasionally elves had atypical hair colour due to intermarriage between clans. A prime example is the royal house of the Noldor and their descendants: [[Míriel Serindë]] of the Noldor, the first wife of [[Finwë]] and mother of [[Fëanor]], is described as having silvery hair.<ref>{{MR|P3I6}}</ref> Fëanor himself possessed "raven-dark" hair,<ref>{{S|Feanor}}</ref> but not all the sons of Fëanor shared this trait; [[Maedhros]] and the twins [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]] had auburn hair though Amrod's hair grew darker after childhood.<ref name=Sons>{{PM|XI7}}</ref>{{rp|355}} This rare red-brown hair colour was a trait of Nerdanel's kin for her father, [[Mahtan]], had the ''epessë'' Rusco 'fox'.<ref name=Sons/>{{rp|353}} [[Finarfin]], the youngest son of Finwë, and his descendants had golden hair on account of Finwë's second wife, [[Indis]] of the Vanyar. Finarfin's daughter [[Galadriel]] displayed an extremely rare hair colour nowhere else observed; golden-silver hair, said to be dazzlingly beautiful ("the light of the [[Two Trees]], [[Laurelin]] and [[Telperion]], had been snared in her tresses").<ref name=Galadriel>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

Another Noldo with noteworthy hair colour was [[Glorfindel]], whose hair is described as "shining gold" in colour.{{Fact}} [[Idril]], the daughter of [[Turgon]], King of [[Gondolin]], had golden hair inherited from her mother, [[Elenwë]] of the Vanyar.{{Fact}} [[Thranduil]], father of [[Legolas]] and a Sindarin Elf, is described as having "golden" hair in ''[[The Hobbit]]'',<ref>{{H|8}}</ref> but his son Legolas's own hair colour is not recorded. The golden hair colour is sometimes implied among the other Elves: [[Amroth]], a Sindarin Elf of Lothórien is one such case, whose hair is described as "bright" and shining like a spark of gold in the sun.<ref name=Galadriel/></ref> In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', a very similar reference is made for an [[Galadhrim|Elf of Lothórien]] who had hair that "glinted like gold" in the sun.<ref>{{FR|Lorien}}</ref>

==Eye colour==
When Tolkien describes Elven eyes, they tend to be grey. This is certainly true of Lúthien and her descendants, including [[Elrond]] and his children ([[Arwen]], [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]) as well as [[Aragorn]] and the Dúnedain. [[Voronwë]], who guided the man [[Tuor]] to Gondolin, also had grey eyes.

Though he was half-Noldorin, [[Maeglin]] is said to have dark eyes (possibly from his father [[Eöl]], who was not of the Noldor), while [[Olwë]] (the brother of Lúthien's father [[Thingol]], and a Telerin king) had blue eyes. The eye colour of most other Elves is not mentioned, and so would be difficult to generalize.

==Other characteristics==
The Elves were like [[Ainur]] in spirit; they loved all beauty of nature, especially water, the [[Sea]] and the [[stars]], since they were the first things they saw; as a consequence [[Ulmo]] and [[Varda]] were the [[Ainur]] closer to them. They were marked by an insatiable curiosity and a desire of learning and creating.

They detested all evil and were usually more resistant to being corrupted than Men, unless evil tricked them with fair form, like [[Annatar]]. Conversely, their work harmed evil, like [[lembas]] and the [[Elven rope]] that brought pain to [[Gollum]]'s skin. They were, however, susceptible to greed, pride and jealousy, as exemplified by the story of the House of [[Fëanor]], or the jealous and unjustified hatred of [[Saeros]] toward [[Túrin]]. <ref name=UT2>{{UT|2}}</ref>

The Eldar could manipulate '''''[[sanwe-latya]]''''' ([[Quenya]] for "thought-opening" or "telepathy") which allowed them to communicate with thought ([[Ósanwe]]).

Like Men and Dwarves, Elves did sleep. In ''[[The Two Towers]]'', it says of [[Legolas]], "[He] already lay motionless, his fair hands folded upon his breast, his eyes unclosed, blending living night and deep dream, as is the way with Elves."<ref>{{TT|Riders}}</ref>

Also, unlike Men, Elves were ambidextrous.<ref>{{VT|49a}}</ref>

Although Elves were generally considered the most powerful of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], there are accounts that some Men from the Great Houses of the First Age were physically stronger, though less agile. It is told that the [[Helm of Hador|Dragon Helm]] was given to [[Fingon]], but "in all Hithlum no head and shoulders were found stout enough to bear the dwarf-helm with ease", so the High King gave it to [[Hador]], a Man.<ref name=UT2/>

{{References|n}}

[[Category:Elves]]

Galadriel

2016-05-01T19:09:24Z

Elf-esteem: removing duplicate refs

{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Galadriel|[[Galadriel (disambiguation)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| name=Galadriel
| image=[[File:Matt Stewart - Galadriel.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Galadriel" by [[:Category:Images by Matt Stewart|Matt Stewart]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[#Names|Artanis]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''[[Nerwen]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) ''[[Galadriel#Names|Alatáriel]]'' ([[Telerin|T]], [[epessë]])
| titles= Lady of [[Lothlórien]], Lady of Light, Lady of the Wood, Lady of the [[Galadhrim]] Mistress of Magic<ref>Called thus by [[Faramir (son of Denethor II)|Faramir]] ({{TT|Window}}).</ref>
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Doriath]]; [[Lindon]]; [[Eregion]]; [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=[[White Council]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Silvan Elvish]]
| birth={{YT|1362}}<ref>{{MR|P2l}}, p. 106</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule=
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] and [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Finrod]], [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]]
| spouse=[[Celeborn]]
| children=[[Celebrían]]
| gender=Female
| height=6 feet, 4 inches (193cm)<ref>{{UT|Measures}}</ref><ref group=note>Quote by J.R.R. Tolkien from the Unfinished Tales, the same section referenced:'' "Thus two rangar was often called 'man-high', which at thirty-eight inches gives an average height of six feet four inches; (1.93 meters) '''but this was at a later date, when the stature of the Dúnedain appears to have decreased'''..."'' (emphasis mine)</ref>
| hair=Radiant gold-silver
| eyes=
| clothing=White robes
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Very tall [Galadriel and Celeborn] were, and the Lady no less tall than the Lord; and they were grave and beautiful. They were clad wholly in white; and the hair of the Lady was of deep gold… but no sign of age was upon them, unless it were in the depths of their eyes; for these were keen as lances in the starlight, and yet profound, the wells of deep memory.|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]"}}
'''Galadriel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ɡaˈladri.el]}}) was a [[Noldo]], one of the [[Calaquendi]], and arguably the most famous and powerful elf of the [[Third Age]]. She was one of the bearers of the [[Three Rings]], of [[Nenya]], and with it kept her realm of [[Lothlórien]] free of stain.

==History==
===Life in Aman===
When a fourth child was born to [[Finarfin]], prince of the Noldor, and [[Eärwen]], princess of the [[Falmari|Teleri]], her father named her '''[[Artanis]]''', which is "noble woman". She was unusually tall and strong as she grew, and so Eärwen’s name for her was '''[[Nerwen]]''', "man-maiden". Though the source of her hair colour was from her parents, it was said among the Eldar that her hair had captured the light of the [[Two Trees]] in Valinor, which resulted a very unique and dazzling colour of gold and silver.<ref name=Galadriel>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> According to a legend, this is how [[Fëanor]] conceived the idea of capturing the light of the trees inside the [[Silmarils]]. Despite her mixed blood, she was identified as a princess of the Noldor, as her father was the third son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]].

During the [[Darkening of Valinor]], she was very independent and visionary. She swore no [[Oath of Fëanor|oaths]] but the words of Fëanor concerning Middle-earth kindled a desire in her heart, as she was eager to see those wide unguarded lands and rule a realm of her own.
During the troubles that followed, even though she participated in the revolt of the Noldor,<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> she fought against Fëanor in defence of her mother's kin in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].<ref name=Galadriel/> Accounts suggest she travelled among the second group led by Fingolfin, which joined the battle at [[Alqualondë]] late and without knowing how it had started. Some of that group had not participated in the killing, although it is not clear who and how many. Dismayed by the prophecy of [[Mandos]], her father Finarfin abandoned the march of the Noldor and returned to Valinor. But Galadriel and her brothers crossed the [[Helcaraxë]] in far north and arrived to the northern shores of [[Hither Lands]]<ref name="Sil9">{{S|Flight}}</ref>.

:See also: ''[[#Other Versions of the Legendarium|Other Versions of the Legendarium]]''.

===Arrival to Middle-earth===
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|left|thumb|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Love at First Sight'']]
In [[Beleriand]], Galadriel and her eldest brother [[Finrod Felagund]] came to [[Doriath]] as guests of [[Elu Thingol]], the King of Doriath. It was there she met [[Celeborn]], a kinsman of Thingol, who would become her husband and companion in Middle-earth<ref>{{S|13}}</ref>. When her brother Finrod departed to the [[Caverns of Narog]] to establish the stronghold of [[Nargothrond]], Galadriel did not go with him and remained in Doriath with her husband, though she occasionally visited her brother in Nargothrond.
[[Image:Donato Giancola - Galadriel and the mirror.jpg|right|thumb|[[Donato Giancola]] - ''Galadriel and the mirror'']]
During her days in Doriath, Galadriel became friends with Queen [[Melian]] the [[Maia]], and they spoke often to one another about Valinor.<ref name="Sil15">{{S|15}}</ref> Melian was eager to learn the causes of the [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile of the Noldor]], but Galadriel would tell her nothing of what occurred after the death of the Trees. Eventually, however, as Melian’s guesses became more shrewd and accurate, Galadriel revealed the tale to her, though still leaving out the death of Finwë, the Kinslaying, and the burning of the Ships at [[Losgar]].<ref name="Sil15"/> Melian was able to discern some of what was left unsaid, and still more came as rumors to Thingol’s ears. At last, egged on by the accusing words of Thingol, [[Angrod]] told all. Galadriel was not expelled from Doriath because of Thingol’s sympathy to the houses of Finarfin and Fingolfin for the wrongs they had suffered. All the same, she went to Nargothrond to live with Finrod for a time.<ref name="Sil15"/> Presumably, she returned to Doriath to live with her husband.

Galadriel did not have any significant role in the general course of events in the [[War of the Jewels]]. She and Celeborn survived, or even were not present in the [[Sack of Nargothrond|destruction of Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495}} and [[Second Kinslaying|Doriath]] in {{FA|503}}/{{FA|506}}. It is not unlikely that after the destruction of Doriath they went to the [[Havens of Sirion]] along with many survivors of Beleriand (or even with their Telerin kin to the [[Isle of Balar]] with [[Círdan]]). Thus they even survived the [[Third Kinslaying]], and after that, the [[War of Wrath]].

After the overthrow of Morgoth, a ban was set upon her return to Aman by the Valar, but she was proud and replied that she had no interest in returning.<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref>

===Second Age===
After the War of Wrath, Galadriel and Celeborn came to [[Lindon]] with the other survivors of Beleriand.<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref>They ruled over the fiefdom of [[Harlindon]], which was composed mostly of [[Sindar]], under the [[Gil-galad|High King Gil-galad]]<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>. Eventually the couple moved to a new land called [[Eregion]] in far eastwards of Lindon.<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> It was ruled by [[Celebrimbor]], a grandson of Fëanor and distant cousin of Galadriel. They dwelt there for a time and Galadriel was probably present during the crafting of the [[Rings of Power]]. Eventually Galadriel and Celeborn made contact with the [[Nandor]] of [[Amdír]], who dwelt in a forest realm called Lindórinand (Vale of the Land of Singers) across the [[Misty Mountains]]. They crossed the [[Hithaeglir]] through [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and relocated to there, becoming great among the [[Silvan Elves|Wood-elves]].

Celebrimbor and the jewelsmiths of [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] collaborated with [[Annatar]] on the great process of making Rings of Power.<ref name="SilV">{{S|V}}</ref> By Annatar’s help, the Elves of Eregion created many rings, but both Celebrimbor and Annatar created greater rings of their own in secret. Celebrimbor wrought the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves, which were far more powerful than the lesser rings. Annatar, however, wrought [[the One Ring]]. When he placed it on his finger, the Elves were aware of his treachery, and took off their rings. Celebrimbor, afraid for his life but even more for the safety of the Three Rings, sent them to two of the [[Wise]]: [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]] for Gil-galad (who eventually gave Narya to [[Círdan]]), and [[Nenya]] for Galadriel. Very few even of the Eldar knew who hid each of these Rings. Celebrimbor was slain by [[Sauron]] not long after, and Eregion was laid waste.<ref name="SilV"/> But the Three Rings were safe. [[Image:Angus McBride - Galadriel.gif|thumb|left|250px|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Galadriel'']]
At this time, many Noldor of Sindarin speech migrated to the realm of Amdír, escaping from the destruction of Eregion, and Celeborn fortified it against Sauron's attempts to cross the Anduin. Soon thereafter, the White Council (not to be confused with the first White Council of the Third Age) was held in the newly-found realm of Imladris, where Elrond met and fell in love with Celebrían, the daughter that Galadriel and Celeborn had at some time during the Second Age.<ref name=Galadriel/>

In time [[Amdír]], King of Lindórinand, was slain in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] during the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Celeborn may have participated in the war, but the greatest effect it had on the twain was the destruction of [[Sauron]] and the loss of [[the One Ring]]. Galadriel was now free to use her ring.

===Third Age===
When King [[Amroth]] son of Amdír perished, Celeborn and Galadriel ruled Lindórinand jointly, and were called the [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]]. Galadriel planted the [[mallorn]] seeds brought with her from Lindon, the only mallorns east of the Sea, and afterwards the realm was called Lórinand (Valley of Gold) and Laurelindórinand (Valley of the Singing Gold), which through some transformations turned into the later name of [[Lothlórien]] or Lórien. They established [[Caras Galadhon]], and the realm of Lothlórien was one of light and life. With [[Nenya]], the Ring of Water, Galadriel made the realm of Lórien even greater. With the power of her ring, she protected it from the intrusion of evils throughout the Third Age.It was during their days of power and glory in Lothlórien that Celebrían, their only child, married [[Elrond]], a close friend of Galadriel’s and bearer of [[Vilya]] after the death of Gil-galad during the Alliance. Celeborn and Galadriel had three grandchildren by her, one of whom, [[Arwen]], they were especially close to. But Celebrían was waylaid and tortured by [[Orcs]] in {{TA|2509}}, and passed West over the sea.

In {{TA|2463}} the [[White Council]] was formed. Galadriel, being one of the [[Wise]] and the greatest threat to Sauron alive, was one of the members.<ref name="SilV"/> Celeborn may have been as well, but this is not known for sure. She was a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and recommended that he be made head of the Council. But this distinction fell instead to [[Saruman]], whom she distrusted.

[[Image:Billy Mosig - The Mirror of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Billy Mosig]] - ''The Mirror of Galadriel'']]During the [[War of the Ring]], Galadriel met the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}. She especially was attentive to the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Frodo Baggins]], who was the bearer of [[the One Ring]]. She showed him Nenya, and let him gaze into her [[Mirror of Galadriel|mirror]] of seeing. He offered her the One Ring, and despite the extreme temptation, she resisted it successfully. She sent the Fellowship off on their quest furnished with [[Gifts_of_Galadriel|gifts]]. The two most important gifts she gave were to [[Aragorn]], whom she knew well and liked, and a [[Dwarves|dwarf]] named [[Gimli]]. To Aragorn she gave the [[Elfstone]], which she and her daughter Celebrían had worn. This jewel was created for her by Celebrimbor in Eregion, in remembrance of the first Elfstone, that was now lost.<ref name=Galadriel/> She was unsure as to what to give Gimli, and asked what he wanted. After complimenting her beauty, he requested a single strand of her hair. Galadriel remembered the posing of a similar question by Fëanor, but had searched Gimli’s heart and knew that his intentions were pure. She rewarded him with three strands, which he was later to put into an imperishable crystal in memory of her.

Not long after the departure of the Fellowship she received the resurrected Gandalf. She reclothed and refurnished him, giving him a new staff. After Gandalf left, Lothlórien was subjected to three successive attacks by armies coming out of [[Dol Guldur]]. By the power of her Ring they were thrice repulsed. Celeborn then led [[Fall of Dol Guldur|an attack on Dol Guldur]] itself. Once the dark fortress was in the hands of the Galadhrim, Galadriel came, threw down its walls, and purified it of its evil. It was her last act of power, for the One Ring was destroyed, and the strength of Nenya waned and eventually vanished almost completely.

===Return to Valinor===
Galadriel attended the wedding of Aragorn with Arwen, then returned to Lothlórien. But in {{TA|3021}}, two years later, she bade farewell to Celeborn her husband and went West to Valinor. With her went the other two bearers of the Rings, Gandalf and Elrond, and Frodo and Bilbo Baggins who had borne the One Ring. They passed West, and came never again to Middle-earth. There in Valinor Galadriel must have tried to heal Frodo of his spiritual wounds. Whether she was successful or not is unknown. But sometime later during the [[Fourth Age]] she received Celeborn, her husband. And in {{FoA|120}}, it is said, she received Gimli her admirer, who was the first and only dwarf to enter Valinor.

==Characteristics==
Galadriel was very beautiful, her hair being the most notable feature about her. It reminded the Eldar of the light of the [[Two Trees]].<ref name=Galadriel/> Galadriel, at least in her earlier years, was of a somewhat proud and rebellious nature. She was free-spirited, and during her time in Aman had many dreams of wide unexplored lands. In her early youth, she was very willful and of an "Amazon" disposition; and bound up her hair as a crown when taking part in athletic feats.<ref>{{L|348}}</ref> Her favorite brother was Finrod, for he, too, shared this vision. She could explore the minds and hearts of others, and her gaze was seeing. It may be because of her unusual beauty and power that she became proud.

But by the Third Age she is also seen to act with wisdom and gentleness. In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', she appears very gentle, firm, and wise. She was revered even more than Celeborn by the Galadhrim and all who met her.

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Galadriel.mp3|Ardamir}}
''[[Galadriel]]'' is a [[Sindarin]] name translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] as "glittering garland",<ref>{{L|345}}, p. 423</ref> "Maiden crowned with gleaming hair",<ref>{{L|348}}, p. 428</ref> and "maiden crowned with a radiant garland".<ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 44-45</ref> It has been suggested that ''Galadriel'' consists of ''[[galad]]'' ("light, radiance") + ''[[rî]]'' ("crown") + ''[[iell]]'' ("daughter").<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names#g|articlename=Compound Sindarin Names|website= [http://www.tolkiendil.com/ Tolkiendil.com]}}</ref> Tolkien notes that the element ''galad'' had no relation to Sindarin ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree", or Silvan ''galad'' "tree"), but that such a connexion often was made and her name then was pronounced ''Galadhriel''.<ref name=SApp/><ref>{{MR|P3I5}}, p. 182 (commentary to §42)</ref>

==Names==

'''''Alatáriel''''' was the [[Telerin]] [[Quenya]] name given to Galadriel by [[Celeborn]], meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland", which referred to her hair.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', p. 347</ref>

At the time of her birth, [[Finarfin]] named his only daughter ''[[Artanis]]''. '''''Artanis''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈartanis]}}, stem ''Artaniss-'') was Galadriel's [[father-name]]: it means "Noble Woman" in [[Quenya]] from ''[[arta]]'' and ''[[nís]]''.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of the Sons of Fëanor with the legend of the fate of Amrod'', p. 354</ref><ref>{{MR|P3II}}, p. 213</ref>

'''Nerwen''' is the [[Amilessë|mother-name]] of the [[Elves|elf]] [[Galadriel]].

According to the custom of the Elves, her mother, [[Eärwen]], waited a while to give her daughter a name. Due to Artanis's height and her great strength of body and will, Eärwen chose the name '''''Nerwen''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnerwen]}}), meaning 'man-maiden'. In the end, however, their daughter used neither her [[father-name]] nor her mother-name, and instead took the name by which she is known to history: [[Galadriel]].

The name “Galadriel was chosen by Artanis (’noble woman’) to be her Sindarin name, for it was the most beautiful of her names, and, chose as an epessë [after name or ‘nickname’], had been given to her by her lover, Teleporno of the Teleri, whom she wedded later in Beleriand.”<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref><ref group="note">Teleporno was the Teleri-styled named for Lord Celeborn: "“It is only of course in the late version that Celeborn appears with a High-elven, rather than Sindarin, name: Teleporno." {{UT|6e}}</ref>

'''''Galadhriel''''' was a name occasionally, and incorrectly, used of [[Galadriel]] after she became [[Lady of Lórien]], and meaning 'tree-garland'. As the [[Lady of the Galadhrim]], whose capital was at [[Caras Galadhon]], it is perhaps understandable that her name should have become confused with the [[Elvish]] word galadh, meaning 'tree'. Nonetheless, this usage was mistaken — her true name ''Galadriel'' actually derived from the word ''galad'' ("radiant"), and the false variant ''Galadhriel'' was never used in her own country of [[Lórien in Middle-earth|Lórien]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''kal-''</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==

There is a bit of befuddlement and confusion in the story of Galadriel, which [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] revised multiple times. Some of the points that were revised often are the role of Galadriel in the rebellion of the Noldor, the reason why she remained in Middle-earth, and the time at which she met Celeborn.

In the notes to ''The Road Goes Ever On'' and in the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', Galadriel was one of the leaders of the revolt and followed Fëanor into Exile.<ref name="Sil9"/> She couldn't return to Valinor because a ban was set against her, and she met Celeborn in Doriath, who was one of the Sindar. This is the only version of her story that was published by Tolkien during his lifetime.

However, there are two late essays written by Tolkien after ''The Road Goes Ever On'' and published in ''Unfinished Tales'' that contradict this. In one of them, though Galadriel revolts along with the other Noldor, she's offered the pardon of the Valar, but refuses to return to Aman nonetheless.

In the other, later essay, Galadriel has no participation at all in the rebellion of the Noldor, but sails on her own ship to Middle-earth. She would have been allowed to sail to Middle-earth by the Valar in normal conditions, but since she did it during the disturbance of Valinor, she fell under the Doom of Mandos all the same.

In both essays, she met Celeborn in Aman. He was called in Quenya ''Teleporno'', and was a young Telerin prince, probably the son or grandson of [[Olwë]] (which would make him Artanis’s uncle or cousin)*. They eventually fell in love, and he called her in his own Telerin tongue [[Alatáriel]] (later [[Sindarization|Sindarinized]] as Galadriel and semi-[[Quenya|Quenyarized]] as [[Altáriel]]).
It's unknown whether Tolkien would have gone ahead with this revision (possibly making a new edition of ''The Road Goes Ever On''), or if he would have felt bound by the published version. This account presents also the difficulty of Celeborn and Galadriel being so closely related (the Eldar did not marry that close).

Another point that was revised, was the time at which Galadriel passed over the mountains of Ered Luin to enter Eriador. In ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', she says that she passed over the mountains before the fall of Nargothrond and Gondolin, yet in Appendix B of The Lord of the Rings it's said that at the beginning of the Second Age she was still dwelling in Lindon, before passing over the mountains. This contradiction in the same work must have been due to a mistake during revision.

Besides this, the earlier version of the story of Amroth given in [[Unfinished Tales]], says that Galadriel and Celeborn had two children, of which one was [[Amroth]].<ref name=Galadriel/>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]]''b. {{YT}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]]''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |y| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]]''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]]''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]]''b. {{YT}}''|SON=''unknown sons''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL |FRD=[[Finrod]]''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL='''GALADRIEL'''''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]]''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB=[[Celebrían]]''b. {{SA}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]]''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]]''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery>
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Galadriel.jpg|[[Cate Blanchett]] as Galadriel in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:Galadriel lotr fotr.JPG|Galadriel as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's ''The Fellowship of the Ring'']]
File:Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Galadriel.jpg|[[Cate Blanchett]] as Galadriel in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
</gallery>

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Galadriel is voiced by [[Annette Crosbie]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Galadriel is provided by [[Marian Diamond]]. In addition to the Lorien episodes, the voice of Galadriel is heard in Shelob's Lair as a reminder to use the phial, and she appears with Elrond in the final episode in the Shire, as they journey towards the Grey Havens.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Galadriel is played by [[Cate Blanchett]]. Galadriel narrates the Prologue, explaining the creation of the Rings of Power and the War of the Last Alliance. Earlier plans considered were to have either Frodo or Gandalf narrate the Prologue, but this was dropped: Frodo was not alive until thousands of years after these events happened, and although Gandalf was alive, he was not present in Middle-earth at the time; the Wizards came some one thousand years after the Prologue ends. Thus Galadriel narrates the Prologue, because she had first-hand accounts of this history and actively participated in its events.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Galadriel, voiced by [[Jennifer Hale]], is the narrator of the Prologue and the Epilogue, and appears in Lothlórien.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Galadriel frequently consults telepathically with Elrond; there is an indication from the books{{fact}} that the two were able to communicate in some way, without specific reference. In the film, unlike the book, [[Galadriel]] and [[Elrond]] send an army of [[Elves]] - led by [[Haldir]] - to [[Battle of the Hornburg|Helm's Deep]] to aid the [[Rohirrim]]. In the DVD commentary, [[Peter Jackson]] and his fellow writers explain that they worried audiences would wonder why the Elves don't seem to be helping in the war, while at the same time, they felt that actually inserting an entire separate battle scene at Lothlórien would take up too much screentime and resources.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:A spiritual apparition of Lady Galadriel appears to provide Frodo strength following his passage through Shelob's Lair, soon after he uses the Phial that she gave him. She is later seen leaving Middle-Earth along with other Ring-Bearers, but in film version her husband Celeborn departs with her at the same time.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Galadriel is the strongest of "Hero" units available to the Free Peoples. If a player's army manages to spot [[Gollum]] on the battlefield, take The One Ring from him and deliver it to their forces, the option to "summon" Galadriel unlocks for a large amount of resources. Thus, Lady Galadriel is represented as succumbing to corruption of The Ring, similar to the respective scene in the ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' movie.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Galadriel is a non-playable character, who narrates cutscenes and instances throughout the second Volume of the Epic story. Introduced in [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]] Book VI: [[The Shadowy Abyss]], she usually resides on a [[talan]] at [[Caras Galadhon]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Galadriel was portrayed by Cate Blanchett.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> She appears as part of the [[White Council]] alongside [[Saruman]], [[Gandalf]] and [[Elrond]]. Later, she telepathically urges Gandalf to further seek the true identity of the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]. Finally, during the [[attack on Dol Guldur]], Galadriel plays a larger role. She first rescues Gandalf from captivity, and is ultimately the one to drive Sauron from the fortress using her [[Phial of Galadriel|phial]].

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Galadriel|Images of Galadriel]]
{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Galadriel]]
[[fa:گالادریل]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/galadriel]]
[[fi:Galadriel]]

Galadriel

2016-05-01T18:41:13Z

Elf-esteem: added sources for Galadriel's unique golden-silver hair

{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Galadriel|[[Galadriel (disambiguation)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| name=Galadriel
| image=[[File:Matt Stewart - Galadriel.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Galadriel" by [[:Category:Images by Matt Stewart|Matt Stewart]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[#Names|Artanis]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''[[Nerwen]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) ''[[Galadriel#Names|Alatáriel]]'' ([[Telerin|T]], [[epessë]])
| titles= Lady of [[Lothlórien]], Lady of Light, Lady of the Wood, Lady of the [[Galadhrim]] Mistress of Magic<ref>Called thus by [[Faramir (son of Denethor II)|Faramir]] ({{TT|Window}}).</ref>
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Doriath]]; [[Lindon]]; [[Eregion]]; [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=[[White Council]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Silvan Elvish]]
| birth={{YT|1362}}<ref>{{MR|P2l}}, p. 106</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule=
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] and [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Finrod]], [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]]
| spouse=[[Celeborn]]
| children=[[Celebrían]]
| gender=Female
| height=6 feet, 4 inches (193cm)<ref>{{UT|Measures}}</ref><ref group=note>Quote by J.R.R. Tolkien from the Unfinished Tales, the same section referenced:'' "Thus two rangar was often called 'man-high', which at thirty-eight inches gives an average height of six feet four inches; (1.93 meters) '''but this was at a later date, when the stature of the Dúnedain appears to have decreased'''..."'' (emphasis mine)</ref>
| hair=Radiant gold-silver
| eyes=
| clothing=White robes
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Very tall [Galadriel and Celeborn] were, and the Lady no less tall than the Lord; and they were grave and beautiful. They were clad wholly in white; and the hair of the Lady was of deep gold… but no sign of age was upon them, unless it were in the depths of their eyes; for these were keen as lances in the starlight, and yet profound, the wells of deep memory.|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]"}}
'''Galadriel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ɡaˈladri.el]}}) was a [[Noldo]], one of the [[Calaquendi]], and arguably the most famous and powerful elf of the [[Third Age]]. She was one of the bearers of the [[Three Rings]], of [[Nenya]], and with it kept her realm of [[Lothlórien]] free of stain.

==History==
===Life in Aman===
When a fourth child was born to [[Finarfin]], prince of the Noldor, and [[Eärwen]], princess of the [[Falmari|Teleri]], her father named her '''[[Artanis]]''', which is "noble woman". She was unusually tall and strong as she grew, and so Eärwen’s name for her was '''[[Nerwen]]''', "man-maiden". It was said among the Eldar that her hair had captured the light of the [[Two Trees]] in Valinor, which resulted a very unique and dazzling colour of gold and silver, but it was actually because her father and foremother were golden haired and her mother had starlike, silver hair.<ref name=Galadriel/> According to a legend, this is how [[Fëanor]] conceived the idea of capturing the light of the trees inside the [[Silmarils]]. Despite her mixed blood, she was identified as a princess of the Noldor, as her father was the third son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]].

During the [[Darkening of Valinor]], she was very independent and visionary. She swore no [[Oath of Fëanor|oaths]] but the words of Fëanor concerning Middle-earth kindled a desire in her heart, as she was eager to see those wide unguarded lands and rule a realm of her own.
During the troubles that followed, even though she participated in the revolt of the Noldor,<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> she fought against Fëanor in defence of her mother's kin in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].<ref name=Galadriel>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> Accounts suggest she travelled among the second group led by Fingolfin, which joined the battle at [[Alqualondë]] late and without knowing how it had started. Some of that group had not participated in the killing, although it is not clear who and how many. Dismayed by the prophecy of [[Mandos]], her father Finarfin abandoned the march of the Noldor and returned to Valinor. But Galadriel and her brothers crossed the [[Helcaraxë]] in far north and arrived to the northern shores of [[Hither Lands]]<ref name="Sil9">{{S|Flight}}</ref>.

:See also: ''[[#Other Versions of the Legendarium|Other Versions of the Legendarium]]''.

===Arrival to Middle-earth===
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|left|thumb|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Love at First Sight'']]
In [[Beleriand]], Galadriel and her eldest brother [[Finrod Felagund]] came to [[Doriath]] as guests of [[Elu Thingol]], the King of Doriath. It was there she met [[Celeborn]], a kinsman of Thingol, who would become her husband and companion in Middle-earth<ref>{{S|13}}</ref>. When her brother Finrod departed to the [[Caverns of Narog]] to establish the stronghold of [[Nargothrond]], Galadriel did not go with him and remained in Doriath with her husband, though she occasionally visited her brother in Nargothrond.
[[Image:Donato Giancola - Galadriel and the mirror.jpg|right|thumb|[[Donato Giancola]] - ''Galadriel and the mirror'']]
During her days in Doriath, Galadriel became friends with Queen [[Melian]] the [[Maia]], and they spoke often to one another about Valinor.<ref name="Sil15">{{S|15}}</ref> Melian was eager to learn the causes of the [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile of the Noldor]], but Galadriel would tell her nothing of what occurred after the death of the Trees. Eventually, however, as Melian’s guesses became more shrewd and accurate, Galadriel revealed the tale to her, though still leaving out the death of Finwë, the Kinslaying, and the burning of the Ships at [[Losgar]].<ref name="Sil15"/> Melian was able to discern some of what was left unsaid, and still more came as rumors to Thingol’s ears. At last, egged on by the accusing words of Thingol, [[Angrod]] told all. Galadriel was not expelled from Doriath because of Thingol’s sympathy to the houses of Finarfin and Fingolfin for the wrongs they had suffered. All the same, she went to Nargothrond to live with Finrod for a time.<ref name="Sil15"/> Presumably, she returned to Doriath to live with her husband.

Galadriel did not have any significant role in the general course of events in the [[War of the Jewels]]. She and Celeborn survived, or even were not present in the [[Sack of Nargothrond|destruction of Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495}} and [[Second Kinslaying|Doriath]] in {{FA|503}}/{{FA|506}}. It is not unlikely that after the destruction of Doriath they went to the [[Havens of Sirion]] along with many survivors of Beleriand (or even with their Telerin kin to the [[Isle of Balar]] with [[Círdan]]). Thus they even survived the [[Third Kinslaying]], and after that, the [[War of Wrath]].

After the overthrow of Morgoth, a ban was set upon her return to Aman by the Valar, but she was proud and replied that she had no interest in returning.<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref>

===Second Age===
After the War of Wrath, Galadriel and Celeborn came to [[Lindon]] with the other survivors of Beleriand.<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref>They ruled over the fiefdom of [[Harlindon]], which was composed mostly of [[Sindar]], under the [[Gil-galad|High King Gil-galad]]<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>. Eventually the couple moved to a new land called [[Eregion]] in far eastwards of Lindon.<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> It was ruled by [[Celebrimbor]], a grandson of Fëanor and distant cousin of Galadriel. They dwelt there for a time and Galadriel was probably present during the crafting of the [[Rings of Power]]. Eventually Galadriel and Celeborn made contact with the [[Nandor]] of [[Amdír]], who dwelt in a forest realm called Lindórinand (Vale of the Land of Singers) across the [[Misty Mountains]]. They crossed the [[Hithaeglir]] through [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and relocated to there, becoming great among the [[Silvan Elves|Wood-elves]].

Celebrimbor and the jewelsmiths of [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] collaborated with [[Annatar]] on the great process of making Rings of Power.<ref name="SilV">{{S|V}}</ref> By Annatar’s help, the Elves of Eregion created many rings, but both Celebrimbor and Annatar created greater rings of their own in secret. Celebrimbor wrought the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves, which were far more powerful than the lesser rings. Annatar, however, wrought [[the One Ring]]. When he placed it on his finger, the Elves were aware of his treachery, and took off their rings. Celebrimbor, afraid for his life but even more for the safety of the Three Rings, sent them to two of the [[Wise]]: [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]] for Gil-galad (who eventually gave Narya to [[Círdan]]), and [[Nenya]] for Galadriel. Very few even of the Eldar knew who hid each of these Rings. Celebrimbor was slain by [[Sauron]] not long after, and Eregion was laid waste.<ref name="SilV"/> But the Three Rings were safe. [[Image:Angus McBride - Galadriel.gif|thumb|left|250px|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Galadriel'']]
At this time, many Noldor of Sindarin speech migrated to the realm of Amdír, escaping from the destruction of Eregion, and Celeborn fortified it against Sauron's attempts to cross the Anduin. Soon thereafter, the White Council (not to be confused with the first White Council of the Third Age) was held in the newly-found realm of Imladris, where Elrond met and fell in love with Celebrían, the daughter that Galadriel and Celeborn had at some time during the Second Age.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

In time [[Amdír]], King of Lindórinand, was slain in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] during the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Celeborn may have participated in the war, but the greatest effect it had on the twain was the destruction of [[Sauron]] and the loss of [[the One Ring]]. Galadriel was now free to use her ring.

===Third Age===
When King [[Amroth]] son of Amdír perished, Celeborn and Galadriel ruled Lindórinand jointly, and were called the [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]]. Galadriel planted the [[mallorn]] seeds brought with her from Lindon, the only mallorns east of the Sea, and afterwards the realm was called Lórinand (Valley of Gold) and Laurelindórinand (Valley of the Singing Gold), which through some transformations turned into the later name of [[Lothlórien]] or Lórien. They established [[Caras Galadhon]], and the realm of Lothlórien was one of light and life. With [[Nenya]], the Ring of Water, Galadriel made the realm of Lórien even greater. With the power of her ring, she protected it from the intrusion of evils throughout the Third Age.It was during their days of power and glory in Lothlórien that Celebrían, their only child, married [[Elrond]], a close friend of Galadriel’s and bearer of [[Vilya]] after the death of Gil-galad during the Alliance. Celeborn and Galadriel had three grandchildren by her, one of whom, [[Arwen]], they were especially close to. But Celebrían was waylaid and tortured by [[Orcs]] in {{TA|2509}}, and passed West over the sea.

In {{TA|2463}} the [[White Council]] was formed. Galadriel, being one of the [[Wise]] and the greatest threat to Sauron alive, was one of the members.<ref name="SilV"/> Celeborn may have been as well, but this is not known for sure. She was a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and recommended that he be made head of the Council. But this distinction fell instead to [[Saruman]], whom she distrusted.

[[Image:Billy Mosig - The Mirror of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Billy Mosig]] - ''The Mirror of Galadriel'']]During the [[War of the Ring]], Galadriel met the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}. She especially was attentive to the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Frodo Baggins]], who was the bearer of [[the One Ring]]. She showed him Nenya, and let him gaze into her [[Mirror of Galadriel|mirror]] of seeing. He offered her the One Ring, and despite the extreme temptation, she resisted it successfully. She sent the Fellowship off on their quest furnished with [[Gifts_of_Galadriel|gifts]]. The two most important gifts she gave were to [[Aragorn]], whom she knew well and liked, and a [[Dwarves|dwarf]] named [[Gimli]]. To Aragorn she gave the [[Elfstone]], which she and her daughter Celebrían had worn. This jewel was created for her by Celebrimbor in Eregion, in remembrance of the first Elfstone, that was now lost.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> She was unsure as to what to give Gimli, and asked what he wanted. After complimenting her beauty, he requested a single strand of her hair. Galadriel remembered the posing of a similar question by Fëanor, but had searched Gimli’s heart and knew that his intentions were pure. She rewarded him with three strands, which he was later to put into an imperishable crystal in memory of her.

Not long after the departure of the Fellowship she received the resurrected Gandalf. She reclothed and refurnished him, giving him a new staff. After Gandalf left, Lothlórien was subjected to three successive attacks by armies coming out of [[Dol Guldur]]. By the power of her Ring they were thrice repulsed. Celeborn then led [[Fall of Dol Guldur|an attack on Dol Guldur]] itself. Once the dark fortress was in the hands of the Galadhrim, Galadriel came, threw down its walls, and purified it of its evil. It was her last act of power, for the One Ring was destroyed, and the strength of Nenya waned and eventually vanished almost completely.

===Return to Valinor===
Galadriel attended the wedding of Aragorn with Arwen, then returned to Lothlórien. But in {{TA|3021}}, two years later, she bade farewell to Celeborn her husband and went West to Valinor. With her went the other two bearers of the Rings, Gandalf and Elrond, and Frodo and Bilbo Baggins who had borne the One Ring. They passed West, and came never again to Middle-earth. There in Valinor Galadriel must have tried to heal Frodo of his spiritual wounds. Whether she was successful or not is unknown. But sometime later during the [[Fourth Age]] she received Celeborn, her husband. And in {{FoA|120}}, it is said, she received Gimli her admirer, who was the first and only dwarf to enter Valinor.

==Characteristics==
Galadriel was very beautiful, her hair being the most notable feature about her. It reminded the Eldar of the light of the [[Two Trees]].<ref name=Galadriel/> Galadriel, at least in her earlier years, was of a somewhat proud and rebellious nature. She was free-spirited, and during her time in Aman had many dreams of wide unexplored lands. In her early youth, she was very willful and of an "Amazon" disposition; and bound up her hair as a crown when taking part in athletic feats.<ref>{{L|348}}</ref> Her favorite brother was Finrod, for he, too, shared this vision. She could explore the minds and hearts of others, and her gaze was seeing. It may be because of her unusual beauty and power that she became proud.

But by the Third Age she is also seen to act with wisdom and gentleness. In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', she appears very gentle, firm, and wise. She was revered even more than Celeborn by the Galadhrim and all who met her.

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Galadriel.mp3|Ardamir}}
''[[Galadriel]]'' is a [[Sindarin]] name translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] as "glittering garland",<ref>{{L|345}}, p. 423</ref> "Maiden crowned with gleaming hair",<ref>{{L|348}}, p. 428</ref> and "maiden crowned with a radiant garland".<ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 44-45</ref> It has been suggested that ''Galadriel'' consists of ''[[galad]]'' ("light, radiance") + ''[[rî]]'' ("crown") + ''[[iell]]'' ("daughter").<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names#g|articlename=Compound Sindarin Names|website= [http://www.tolkiendil.com/ Tolkiendil.com]}}</ref> Tolkien notes that the element ''galad'' had no relation to Sindarin ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree", or Silvan ''galad'' "tree"), but that such a connexion often was made and her name then was pronounced ''Galadhriel''.<ref name=SApp/><ref>{{MR|P3I5}}, p. 182 (commentary to §42)</ref>

==Names==

'''''Alatáriel''''' was the [[Telerin]] [[Quenya]] name given to Galadriel by [[Celeborn]], meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland", which referred to her hair.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', p. 347</ref>

At the time of her birth, [[Finarfin]] named his only daughter ''[[Artanis]]''. '''''Artanis''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈartanis]}}, stem ''Artaniss-'') was Galadriel's [[father-name]]: it means "Noble Woman" in [[Quenya]] from ''[[arta]]'' and ''[[nís]]''.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of the Sons of Fëanor with the legend of the fate of Amrod'', p. 354</ref><ref>{{MR|P3II}}, p. 213</ref>

'''Nerwen''' is the [[Amilessë|mother-name]] of the [[Elves|elf]] [[Galadriel]].

According to the custom of the Elves, her mother, [[Eärwen]], waited a while to give her daughter a name. Due to Artanis's height and her great strength of body and will, Eärwen chose the name '''''Nerwen''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnerwen]}}), meaning 'man-maiden'. In the end, however, their daughter used neither her [[father-name]] nor her mother-name, and instead took the name by which she is known to history: [[Galadriel]].

The name “Galadriel was chosen by Artanis (’noble woman’) to be her Sindarin name, for it was the most beautiful of her names, and, chose as an epessë [after name or ‘nickname’], had been given to her by her lover, Teleporno of the Teleri, whom she wedded later in Beleriand.”<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref><ref group="note">Teleporno was the Teleri-styled named for Lord Celeborn: "“It is only of course in the late version that Celeborn appears with a High-elven, rather than Sindarin, name: Teleporno." {{UT|6e}}</ref>

'''''Galadhriel''''' was a name occasionally, and incorrectly, used of [[Galadriel]] after she became [[Lady of Lórien]], and meaning 'tree-garland'. As the [[Lady of the Galadhrim]], whose capital was at [[Caras Galadhon]], it is perhaps understandable that her name should have become confused with the [[Elvish]] word galadh, meaning 'tree'. Nonetheless, this usage was mistaken — her true name ''Galadriel'' actually derived from the word ''galad'' ("radiant"), and the false variant ''Galadhriel'' was never used in her own country of [[Lórien in Middle-earth|Lórien]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''kal-''</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==

There is a bit of befuddlement and confusion in the story of Galadriel, which [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] revised multiple times. Some of the points that were revised often are the role of Galadriel in the rebellion of the Noldor, the reason why she remained in Middle-earth, and the time at which she met Celeborn.

In the notes to ''The Road Goes Ever On'' and in the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', Galadriel was one of the leaders of the revolt and followed Fëanor into Exile.<ref name="Sil9"/> She couldn't return to Valinor because a ban was set against her, and she met Celeborn in Doriath, who was one of the Sindar. This is the only version of her story that was published by Tolkien during his lifetime.

However, there are two late essays written by Tolkien after ''The Road Goes Ever On'' and published in ''Unfinished Tales'' that contradict this. In one of them, though Galadriel revolts along with the other Noldor, she's offered the pardon of the Valar, but refuses to return to Aman nonetheless.

In the other, later essay, Galadriel has no participation at all in the rebellion of the Noldor, but sails on her own ship to Middle-earth. She would have been allowed to sail to Middle-earth by the Valar in normal conditions, but since she did it during the disturbance of Valinor, she fell under the Doom of Mandos all the same.

In both essays, she met Celeborn in Aman. He was called in Quenya ''Teleporno'', and was a young Telerin prince, probably the son or grandson of [[Olwë]] (which would make him Artanis’s uncle or cousin)*. They eventually fell in love, and he called her in his own Telerin tongue [[Alatáriel]] (later [[Sindarization|Sindarinized]] as Galadriel and semi-[[Quenya|Quenyarized]] as [[Altáriel]]).
It's unknown whether Tolkien would have gone ahead with this revision (possibly making a new edition of ''The Road Goes Ever On''), or if he would have felt bound by the published version. This account presents also the difficulty of Celeborn and Galadriel being so closely related (the Eldar did not marry that close).

Another point that was revised, was the time at which Galadriel passed over the mountains of Ered Luin to enter Eriador. In ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', she says that she passed over the mountains before the fall of Nargothrond and Gondolin, yet in Appendix B of The Lord of the Rings it's said that at the beginning of the Second Age she was still dwelling in Lindon, before passing over the mountains. This contradiction in the same work must have been due to a mistake during revision.

Besides this, the earlier version of the story of Amroth given in [[Unfinished Tales]], says that Galadriel and Celeborn had two children, of which one was [[Amroth]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]]''b. {{YT}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]]''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |y| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]]''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]]''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]]''b. {{YT}}''|SON=''unknown sons''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL |FRD=[[Finrod]]''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL='''GALADRIEL'''''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]]''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB=[[Celebrían]]''b. {{SA}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]]''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]]''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery>
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Galadriel.jpg|[[Cate Blanchett]] as Galadriel in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:Galadriel lotr fotr.JPG|Galadriel as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's ''The Fellowship of the Ring'']]
File:Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Galadriel.jpg|[[Cate Blanchett]] as Galadriel in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
</gallery>

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Galadriel is voiced by [[Annette Crosbie]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Galadriel is provided by [[Marian Diamond]]. In addition to the Lorien episodes, the voice of Galadriel is heard in Shelob's Lair as a reminder to use the phial, and she appears with Elrond in the final episode in the Shire, as they journey towards the Grey Havens.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Galadriel is played by [[Cate Blanchett]]. Galadriel narrates the Prologue, explaining the creation of the Rings of Power and the War of the Last Alliance. Earlier plans considered were to have either Frodo or Gandalf narrate the Prologue, but this was dropped: Frodo was not alive until thousands of years after these events happened, and although Gandalf was alive, he was not present in Middle-earth at the time; the Wizards came some one thousand years after the Prologue ends. Thus Galadriel narrates the Prologue, because she had first-hand accounts of this history and actively participated in its events.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Galadriel, voiced by [[Jennifer Hale]], is the narrator of the Prologue and the Epilogue, and appears in Lothlórien.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Galadriel frequently consults telepathically with Elrond; there is an indication from the books{{fact}} that the two were able to communicate in some way, without specific reference. In the film, unlike the book, [[Galadriel]] and [[Elrond]] send an army of [[Elves]] - led by [[Haldir]] - to [[Battle of the Hornburg|Helm's Deep]] to aid the [[Rohirrim]]. In the DVD commentary, [[Peter Jackson]] and his fellow writers explain that they worried audiences would wonder why the Elves don't seem to be helping in the war, while at the same time, they felt that actually inserting an entire separate battle scene at Lothlórien would take up too much screentime and resources.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:A spiritual apparition of Lady Galadriel appears to provide Frodo strength following his passage through Shelob's Lair, soon after he uses the Phial that she gave him. She is later seen leaving Middle-Earth along with other Ring-Bearers, but in film version her husband Celeborn departs with her at the same time.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Galadriel is the strongest of "Hero" units available to the Free Peoples. If a player's army manages to spot [[Gollum]] on the battlefield, take The One Ring from him and deliver it to their forces, the option to "summon" Galadriel unlocks for a large amount of resources. Thus, Lady Galadriel is represented as succumbing to corruption of The Ring, similar to the respective scene in the ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' movie.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Galadriel is a non-playable character, who narrates cutscenes and instances throughout the second Volume of the Epic story. Introduced in [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]] Book VI: [[The Shadowy Abyss]], she usually resides on a [[talan]] at [[Caras Galadhon]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Galadriel was portrayed by Cate Blanchett.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> She appears as part of the [[White Council]] alongside [[Saruman]], [[Gandalf]] and [[Elrond]]. Later, she telepathically urges Gandalf to further seek the true identity of the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]. Finally, during the [[attack on Dol Guldur]], Galadriel plays a larger role. She first rescues Gandalf from captivity, and is ultimately the one to drive Sauron from the fortress using her [[Phial of Galadriel|phial]].

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Galadriel|Images of Galadriel]]
{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Galadriel]]
[[fa:گالادریل]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/galadriel]]
[[fi:Galadriel]]

Elven life cycle

2016-05-01T18:31:21Z

Elf-esteem: removing duplicate refs

{{quote|[[Yén]]i ve lintë yuldar avánier [...] lisse [[miruvor|Miruvóreva]] (The long years have passed like swift draughts of the sweet mead)|[[Galadriel]]<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']]
Owing to their longevity, the [[Elves]] had a very different '''Life cycle''' than [[Men]]. Most of the following information strictly refers only to the [[Eldar]]—but much could probably be applied to the [[Avari]] as well.

==Early life==
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Feanoreans - Family picture.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Family picture'']]
Elves are born about one year after their begetting.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The day of their begetting is remembered, not the actual birthday itself, because bringing forth children is an act of will, and it required a "greater share and strength of their being, in mind and in body" than takes place "in the making of mortal children."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} By their first year, Elf children can speak, walk, and dance, and their quicker onset of mental maturity makes young Elves seem older than they actually are.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|209-10}} Physical puberty is generally complete by their fiftieth year (by age fifty they reach their adult height), but they are not considered full-grown until a hundred years have passed.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

Elves' bodies developed slower than those of Men, but their minds developed more swiftly than the children of Men.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|209-10}} In their twenties, they might still appear physically seven years old, though the Elf-child would have mature language and skill,<ref name=NotesB>{{MR|P3II3e}}</ref>{{rp|228}} whereas Men at the same age are already physically mature.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

==Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood==
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|thumb|[[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]] - ''Love at First Sight'']]
Elves marry for love, or at least with free will from both parties, typically early in life. Monogamy is practised and adultery is unthinkable.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|229}} By their very nature, they are "seldom swayed by the desires of the body" or influenced by lust.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} They marry only once for it was ruled by Manwë that, "'since the Elves are by nature permanent in life within Arda, so also is their unmarred marriage.'"<ref name=marriage>{{MR|P3II3d}}</ref>{{rp|225}} [[Finwë]], first [[High King of the Noldor]], was an exception. After his [[Míriel|first wife]] died, from passing the majority of her life into [[Fëanor]],<ref name=LawsA>{{MR|P3II3f}}</ref>{{rp|237}} and refusing to be re-emboided, Finwë was permitted to marry again. This was pronounced by [[Mandos|Námo]] as the 'Doom of Finwë and Míriel'.<ref name=marriage/>{{rp|226}}

Spouses may choose each other, in their youth, long before they are married and be betrothed. The betrothal is subject to parental approval from both houses unless the parties are of age and intend to marry soon. At which point, the betrothal is announced at a meeting of the two houses, during which the couple exchange silver rings. The betrothal lasts at least a year. A betrothal is revocable by a public return of the rings, which will then be molten, but revocation was rarely needed because "the Eldar do not err lightly" in the choice of their partner.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} After their formal betrothal, the couple appoints a time for the wedding when at least a year has passed.

Marriage is celebrated at a feast of the two houses. The spouses return their betrothal rings, which they keep, and receive "slender rings of gold" which are worn upon "the index of the right hand."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} In Noldor tradition, the bride’s mother gives the groom a jewel to be worn and the bridegroom's father gives a similar gift to the bride, but these ceremonies and traditions were only a way for the parents to show their love and a respectful recognition of the two houses which would be joined. While it was considered rude, in days of peace, "to forgo the ceremonies," it was completely lawful for a couple to be married without them.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The indissoluble union was completed solely by the "act of bodily union" which achieved marriage.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} Technically, without ceremony or witnesses, only blessings exchanged between the bride and groom, including speaking of the name of [[Eru]], and consummation are required for marriage.

[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|left|[[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]] - ''Lumen Melma'']]
The Elves view the sexual act as extremely special for "the union of love is indeed to them great delight and joy."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} Extra-marital sex would be against their nature because they can "read at once in the eyes and voice of another whether they be wed or unwed;" they would release their own spirit to Mandos before succumbing to rape, and premarital sex would create marriage which makes the term itself a misnomer.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}} "There is no record of any among the Elves that [actually] took another's spouse by force" though [[Maeglin]] made the wrongful attempt to steal [[Idril]].<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}}<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|169}}

Spouses can sometimes live separately for extended periods of time. Though united in body and spirit, they remain individuals with different gifts of mind and body to pursue.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} However, a sundering during pregnancy or during the early years of parenthood, such as by war, would be so grievous to the couple, and hurtful to the child, that they prefer to have children in peaceful times.<ref name=Rebirth>{{MR|P3II3c}}</ref>{{rp|221}}

Elves typically have four children or fewer. [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]], who had seven sons, were a notable exception.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 4}} Whenever the Eldar married, whether in youth or in later life, their children were produced within a relatively short time after their wedding. However, in mortal count, a century or two may pass before the begetting of the first child and even longer between child and child.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} After their time of children, the desire to procreate soon ceases. They turn their powers of body and mind to other tasks and arts. Nonetheless, they cherish the days of bearing and raising children as the happiest times of their lives.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

There are examples that appear to contradict this ideal. An example of extreme marital strife among the Eldar is the case of [[Eöl]] and [[Aredhel]], where Eöl tried to restrain his wife from living the life of her choice. As a result, Aredhel left Eöl without his knowing, and took their son, Maeglin, with her back to [[Gondolin]]. The end result was that Eöl sought revenge upon his own family, and while seeking to slay his rebellious son, slew his wife accidently.<ref name="SilmMaeglin">{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> Another example of great discontent developed between Fëanor and Nerdanel after the theft of the [[Silmarils]]. Nerdanel did not wish to be parted from all her children nor did she wish to follow her husband against the [[Valar]]'s wishes. Fëanor's harsh response was that, if she would not follow him, she was an untrue wife for deserting both her husband and her children.<ref name=Feanor>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref>{{rp|354}}

[[Celegorm]]'s pursuit of [[Lúthien]] and [[Maeglin]]'s attraction to [[Idril]] are cases of elves who sought partners who did not appreciate their attentions. The desire for these unwilling wives was mixed with a desire for power. While unrequited love was known to happen, few of the Eldar responded so negatively to it.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} [[Indis]] loved [[Finwë]] with secret admiration but remained contently unwedded because he was married.<ref name=LawsA/>{{rp|238}} [[Turgon]], Idril's father, denied Maeglin's suit for Idril's hand because he believed that Maeglin sought power more than the love of his daughter.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}} In Celegorm's case, he was motivated to claim Lúthien as his bride to force her father, [[Thingol]], to ally with the [[Fëanorians]] during the [[Siege of Angband]]. However, [[Huan]] and [[Beren]] defended Lúthien, against the attempted bride-stealing by Celegorm and the later attack by [[Curufin]].<ref name=Beren>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==Daily life==
Elves preoccupy themselves with various arts, such as: smithwork, sculpture, weaving, music, lore, and healing. Males and females have equal skill in all things, not concerned with the bringing forth of children; however, the females often specialize in the arts of healing while the men go to war.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} This is because the Elves believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. Women who hunted would not specialize in healing, and men who healed would refrain from hunting and only fight when absolutely necessary, for "the virtue . . . in this matter [of healing] was due . . . to their abstaining from hunting or war."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213-4}} Elves do not have rigid gender roles though natural inclinations were recognized, which varied based on the time and place and among the different peoples of Elves.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

==Later life==
[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|thumb|[[Jef Murray]] - ''Cirdan'']]
Eventually, if they did not die in battle or from some other cause, Elves, such as Noldor and Sindar, of [[Middle-earth]] grew weary of it and desired to go to [[Valinor]], where the [[Valar]] sheltered their kind. This was known as the sea-longing.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref> Those who wished to leave for the Undying Lands went by boats provided at the [[Grey Havens]], where [[Círdan]] the Shipwright dwelt with his folk. Those, of any Elven people, who did not perish through bodily death or depart from Middle-earth across the sea would eventually fade. Fading occurred when their ''[[fëar]]'' consumed their bodies and the body became merely a memory of the ''fëa''. In this state, "they were open to the direct instruction and command of the Valar" and as soon as they were disembodied in this way they would be summoned to the 'Halls of Waiting' in Aman.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|219}}

=="Cycles of life" and aging==
Elves had no beards, at least until their "third cycle of life", like [[Círdan]]. [[Mahtan]] was an exception, and had a beard in his early "second cycle".<ref>{{VT|41b}}</ref>{{rp|9}} The Elvish beardlessness could also be observed in Mannish lines with an Elvish strain (as in the princely house of [[Dol Amroth]]), which lacked beards.<ref>{{UT|6}}, "Amroth and Nimrodel", p. 320 (HarperCollins paperback; 1998)</ref>

While the three cycles are not specifically defined, the first cycle is likely childhood and adolescence, which ended at the 100th year, the second is adulthood which could continue for Ages, and the third is for extremely old Elves; Círdan was the most ancient known Elf in Middle-earth. However, Elves, who were not ancient, could enter the third stage sooner due to tragic life events. When Lúthien released her spirit to follow Beren and plea before Mandos, her father saw her die and "a winter, as it were the hoar age of mortal Men, fell upon Thingol."<ref name=Beren/>

Apparently, beards, though rare, were the only sign of further natural physical aging beyond maturity.

Elves did not physically age over their 100th year but they did age in a different sense than Men: they became ever more weary of the world and burdened by its sorrows,<ref>{{S|9}}</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> sometimes appeared to age under great stress.<ref name=Gwindor>{{S|21}}</ref> Círdan seemed to be aged himself, since he is described as looking old, save for the stars in his eyes; this may be due to all the sorrows he had seen and lived through since the [[First Age]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref><ref name=Last/>{{rp|385-6}} Also, the people of [[Nargothrond]] had trouble recognizing [[Gwindor]] after his time as a prisoner of [[Morgoth]].<ref name=Gwindor/>

Another bearded elf was possibly [[Tinfang Gelion]].

==Death==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea'']]
Elves are naturally [[immortal]]. In addition to their immortality, Elves are immune to all diseases, and they can recover from wounds which would normally kill a mortal Man. However, Elves can be slain, or die of grief and weariness.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|218-9}}

Elves who die or are killed go to the [[Halls of Mandos]] in Valinor if they heed the summons. After a certain period of time and rest, their spirits (''[[fëar]]'') are incarnated in bodies (''[[Fëa and hröa|hröar]]'') identical to their old ones. They almost never go back to Middle-earth with the exception of [[Lúthien]] who returned as a mortal.<ref name=Beren/> [[Glorfindel]] of [[Rivendell]] may have been intended to have been Glorfindel of [[Gondolin]], who returned to Middle-earth in {{TA|1000}} with [[Olórin]], but this notion existed only in drafts and notes.<ref name=Last>{{PM|Last}}</ref>{{rp|377-82}}

{{references}}
[[Category: Elves]]

Elven life cycle

2016-05-01T18:29:37Z

Elf-esteem: /* "Cycles of life" and aging */

{{quote|[[Yén]]i ve lintë yuldar avánier [...] lisse [[miruvor|Miruvóreva]] (The long years have passed like swift draughts of the sweet mead)|[[Galadriel]]<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']]
Owing to their longevity, the [[Elves]] had a very different '''Life cycle''' than [[Men]]. Most of the following information strictly refers only to the [[Eldar]]—but much could probably be applied to the [[Avari]] as well.

==Early life==
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Feanoreans - Family picture.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Family picture'']]
Elves are born about one year after their begetting.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The day of their begetting is remembered, not the actual birthday itself, because bringing forth children is an act of will, and it required a "greater share and strength of their being, in mind and in body" than takes place "in the making of mortal children."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} By their first year, Elf children can speak, walk, and dance, and their quicker onset of mental maturity makes young Elves seem older than they actually are.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|209-10}} Physical puberty is generally complete by their fiftieth year (by age fifty they reach their adult height), but they are not considered full-grown until a hundred years have passed.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

Elves' bodies developed slower than those of Men, but their minds developed more swiftly than the children of Men.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|209-10}} In their twenties, they might still appear physically seven years old, though the Elf-child would have mature language and skill,<ref name=NotesB>{{MR|P3II3e}}</ref>{{rp|228}} whereas Men at the same age are already physically mature.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

==Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood==
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|thumb|[[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]] - ''Love at First Sight'']]
Elves marry for love, or at least with free will from both parties, typically early in life. Monogamy is practised and adultery is unthinkable.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|229}} By their very nature, they are "seldom swayed by the desires of the body" or influenced by lust.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} They marry only once for it was ruled by Manwë that, "'since the Elves are by nature permanent in life within Arda, so also is their unmarred marriage.'"<ref name=marriage>{{MR|P3II3d}}</ref>{{rp|225}} [[Finwë]], first [[High King of the Noldor]], was an exception. After his [[Míriel|first wife]] died, from passing the majority of her life into [[Fëanor]],<ref name=LawsA>{{MR|P3II3f}}</ref>{{rp|237}} and refusing to be re-emboided, Finwë was permitted to marry again. This was pronounced by [[Mandos|Námo]] as the 'Doom of Finwë and Míriel'.<ref name=marriage/>{{rp|226}}

Spouses may choose each other, in their youth, long before they are married and be betrothed. The betrothal is subject to parental approval from both houses unless the parties are of age and intend to marry soon. At which point, the betrothal is announced at a meeting of the two houses, during which the couple exchange silver rings. The betrothal lasts at least a year. A betrothal is revocable by a public return of the rings, which will then be molten, but revocation was rarely needed because "the Eldar do not err lightly" in the choice of their partner.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} After their formal betrothal, the couple appoints a time for the wedding when at least a year has passed.

Marriage is celebrated at a feast of the two houses. The spouses return their betrothal rings, which they keep, and receive "slender rings of gold" which are worn upon "the index of the right hand."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} In Noldor tradition, the bride’s mother gives the groom a jewel to be worn and the bridegroom's father gives a similar gift to the bride, but these ceremonies and traditions were only a way for the parents to show their love and a respectful recognition of the two houses which would be joined. While it was considered rude, in days of peace, "to forgo the ceremonies," it was completely lawful for a couple to be married without them.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The indissoluble union was completed solely by the "act of bodily union" which achieved marriage.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} Technically, without ceremony or witnesses, only blessings exchanged between the bride and groom, including speaking of the name of [[Eru]], and consummation are required for marriage.

[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|left|[[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]] - ''Lumen Melma'']]
The Elves view the sexual act as extremely special for "the union of love is indeed to them great delight and joy."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} Extra-marital sex would be against their nature because they can "read at once in the eyes and voice of another whether they be wed or unwed;" they would release their own spirit to Mandos before succumbing to rape, and premarital sex would create marriage which makes the term itself a misnomer.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}} "There is no record of any among the Elves that [actually] took another's spouse by force" though [[Maeglin]] made the wrongful attempt to steal [[Idril]].<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}}<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|169}}

Spouses can sometimes live separately for extended periods of time. Though united in body and spirit, they remain individuals with different gifts of mind and body to pursue.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} However, a sundering during pregnancy or during the early years of parenthood, such as by war, would be so grievous to the couple, and hurtful to the child, that they prefer to have children in peaceful times.<ref name=Rebirth>{{MR|P3II3c}}</ref>{{rp|221}}

Elves typically have four children or fewer. [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]], who had seven sons, were a notable exception.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 4}} Whenever the Eldar married, whether in youth or in later life, their children were produced within a relatively short time after their wedding. However, in mortal count, a century or two may pass before the begetting of the first child and even longer between child and child.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} After their time of children, the desire to procreate soon ceases. They turn their powers of body and mind to other tasks and arts. Nonetheless, they cherish the days of bearing and raising children as the happiest times of their lives.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

There are examples that appear to contradict this ideal. An example of extreme marital strife among the Eldar is the case of [[Eöl]] and [[Aredhel]], where Eöl tried to restrain his wife from living the life of her choice. As a result, Aredhel left Eöl without his knowing, and took their son, Maeglin, with her back to [[Gondolin]]. The end result was that Eöl sought revenge upon his own family, and while seeking to slay his rebellious son, slew his wife accidently.<ref name="SilmMaeglin">{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> Another example of great discontent developed between Fëanor and Nerdanel after the theft of the [[Silmarils]]. Nerdanel did not wish to be parted from all her children nor did she wish to follow her husband against the [[Valar]]'s wishes. Fëanor's harsh response was that, if she would not follow him, she was an untrue wife for deserting both her husband and her children.<ref name=Feanor>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref>{{rp|354}}

[[Celegorm]]'s pursuit of [[Lúthien]] and [[Maeglin]]'s attraction to [[Idril]] are cases of elves who sought partners who did not appreciate their attentions. The desire for these unwilling wives was mixed with a desire for power. While unrequited love was known to happen, few of the Eldar responded so negatively to it.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} [[Indis]] loved [[Finwë]] with secret admiration but remained contently unwedded because he was married.<ref name=LawsA/>{{rp|238}} [[Turgon]], Idril's father, denied Maeglin's suit for Idril's hand because he believed that Maeglin sought power more than the love of his daughter.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}} In Celegorm's case, he was motivated to claim Lúthien as his bride to force her father, [[Thingol]], to ally with the [[Fëanorians]] during the [[Siege of Angband]]. However, [[Huan]] and [[Beren]] defended Lúthien, against the attempted bride-stealing by Celegorm and the later attack by [[Curufin]].<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==Daily life==
Elves preoccupy themselves with various arts, such as: smithwork, sculpture, weaving, music, lore, and healing. Males and females have equal skill in all things, not concerned with the bringing forth of children; however, the females often specialize in the arts of healing while the men go to war.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} This is because the Elves believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. Women who hunted would not specialize in healing, and men who healed would refrain from hunting and only fight when absolutely necessary, for "the virtue . . . in this matter [of healing] was due . . . to their abstaining from hunting or war."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213-4}} Elves do not have rigid gender roles though natural inclinations were recognized, which varied based on the time and place and among the different peoples of Elves.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

==Later life==
[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|thumb|[[Jef Murray]] - ''Cirdan'']]
Eventually, if they did not die in battle or from some other cause, Elves, such as Noldor and Sindar, of [[Middle-earth]] grew weary of it and desired to go to [[Valinor]], where the [[Valar]] sheltered their kind. This was known as the sea-longing.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref> Those who wished to leave for the Undying Lands went by boats provided at the [[Grey Havens]], where [[Círdan]] the Shipwright dwelt with his folk. Those, of any Elven people, who did not perish through bodily death or depart from Middle-earth across the sea would eventually fade. Fading occurred when their ''[[fëar]]'' consumed their bodies and the body became merely a memory of the ''fëa''. In this state, "they were open to the direct instruction and command of the Valar" and as soon as they were disembodied in this way they would be summoned to the 'Halls of Waiting' in Aman.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|219}}

=="Cycles of life" and aging==
Elves had no beards, at least until their "third cycle of life", like [[Círdan]]. [[Mahtan]] was an exception, and had a beard in his early "second cycle".<ref>{{VT|41b}}</ref>{{rp|9}} The Elvish beardlessness could also be observed in Mannish lines with an Elvish strain (as in the princely house of [[Dol Amroth]]), which lacked beards.<ref>{{UT|6}}, "Amroth and Nimrodel", p. 320 (HarperCollins paperback; 1998)</ref>

While the three cycles are not specifically defined, the first cycle is likely childhood and adolescence, which ended at the 100th year, the second is adulthood which could continue for Ages, and the third is for extremely old Elves; Círdan was the most ancient known Elf in Middle-earth. However, Elves, who were not ancient, could enter the third stage sooner due to tragic life events. When Lúthien released her spirit to follow Beren and plea before Mandos, her father saw her die and "a winter, as it were the hoar age of mortal Men, fell upon Thingol."<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

Apparently, beards, though rare, were the only sign of further natural physical aging beyond maturity.

Elves did not physically age over their 100th year but they did age in a different sense than Men: they became ever more weary of the world and burdened by its sorrows,<ref>{{S|9}}</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> sometimes appeared to age under great stress.<ref name=Gwindor>{{S|21}}</ref> Círdan seemed to be aged himself, since he is described as looking old, save for the stars in his eyes; this may be due to all the sorrows he had seen and lived through since the [[First Age]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref><ref name=Last/>{{rp|385-6}} Also, the people of [[Nargothrond]] had trouble recognizing [[Gwindor]] after his time as a prisoner of [[Morgoth]].<ref name=Gwindor/>

Another bearded elf was possibly [[Tinfang Gelion]].

==Death==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea'']]
Elves are naturally [[immortal]]. In addition to their immortality, Elves are immune to all diseases, and they can recover from wounds which would normally kill a mortal Man. However, Elves can be slain, or die of grief and weariness.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|218-9}}

Elves who die or are killed go to the [[Halls of Mandos]] in Valinor if they heed the summons. After a certain period of time and rest, their spirits (''[[fëar]]'') are incarnated in bodies (''[[Fëa and hröa|hröar]]'') identical to their old ones. They almost never go back to Middle-earth with the exception of [[Lúthien]] who returned as a mortal.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref> [[Glorfindel]] of [[Rivendell]] may have been intended to have been Glorfindel of [[Gondolin]], who returned to Middle-earth in {{TA|1000}} with [[Olórin]], but this notion existed only in drafts and notes.<ref name=Last>{{PM|Last}}</ref>{{rp|377-82}}

{{references}}
[[Category: Elves]]

Elven life cycle

2016-05-01T18:03:06Z

Elf-esteem: /* Later life */

{{quote|[[Yén]]i ve lintë yuldar avánier [...] lisse [[miruvor|Miruvóreva]] (The long years have passed like swift draughts of the sweet mead)|[[Galadriel]]<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']]
Owing to their longevity, the [[Elves]] had a very different '''Life cycle''' than [[Men]]. Most of the following information strictly refers only to the [[Eldar]]—but much could probably be applied to the [[Avari]] as well.

==Early life==
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Feanoreans - Family picture.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Family picture'']]
Elves are born about one year after their begetting.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The day of their begetting is remembered, not the actual birthday itself, because bringing forth children is an act of will, and it required a "greater share and strength of their being, in mind and in body" than takes place "in the making of mortal children."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} By their first year, Elf children can speak, walk, and dance, and their quicker onset of mental maturity makes young Elves seem older than they actually are.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|209-10}} Physical puberty is generally complete by their fiftieth year (by age fifty they reach their adult height), but they are not considered full-grown until a hundred years have passed.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

Elves' bodies developed slower than those of Men, but their minds developed more swiftly than the children of Men.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|209-10}} In their twenties, they might still appear physically seven years old, though the Elf-child would have mature language and skill,<ref name=NotesB>{{MR|P3II3e}}</ref>{{rp|228}} whereas Men at the same age are already physically mature.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

==Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood==
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|thumb|[[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]] - ''Love at First Sight'']]
Elves marry for love, or at least with free will from both parties, typically early in life. Monogamy is practised and adultery is unthinkable.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|229}} By their very nature, they are "seldom swayed by the desires of the body" or influenced by lust.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} They marry only once for it was ruled by Manwë that, "'since the Elves are by nature permanent in life within Arda, so also is their unmarred marriage.'"<ref name=marriage>{{MR|P3II3d}}</ref>{{rp|225}} [[Finwë]], first [[High King of the Noldor]], was an exception. After his [[Míriel|first wife]] died, from passing the majority of her life into [[Fëanor]],<ref name=LawsA>{{MR|P3II3f}}</ref>{{rp|237}} and refusing to be re-emboided, Finwë was permitted to marry again. This was pronounced by [[Mandos|Námo]] as the 'Doom of Finwë and Míriel'.<ref name=marriage/>{{rp|226}}

Spouses may choose each other, in their youth, long before they are married and be betrothed. The betrothal is subject to parental approval from both houses unless the parties are of age and intend to marry soon. At which point, the betrothal is announced at a meeting of the two houses, during which the couple exchange silver rings. The betrothal lasts at least a year. A betrothal is revocable by a public return of the rings, which will then be molten, but revocation was rarely needed because "the Eldar do not err lightly" in the choice of their partner.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} After their formal betrothal, the couple appoints a time for the wedding when at least a year has passed.

Marriage is celebrated at a feast of the two houses. The spouses return their betrothal rings, which they keep, and receive "slender rings of gold" which are worn upon "the index of the right hand."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} In Noldor tradition, the bride’s mother gives the groom a jewel to be worn and the bridegroom's father gives a similar gift to the bride, but these ceremonies and traditions were only a way for the parents to show their love and a respectful recognition of the two houses which would be joined. While it was considered rude, in days of peace, "to forgo the ceremonies," it was completely lawful for a couple to be married without them.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The indissoluble union was completed solely by the "act of bodily union" which achieved marriage.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} Technically, without ceremony or witnesses, only blessings exchanged between the bride and groom, including speaking of the name of [[Eru]], and consummation are required for marriage.

[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|left|[[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]] - ''Lumen Melma'']]
The Elves view the sexual act as extremely special for "the union of love is indeed to them great delight and joy."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} Extra-marital sex would be against their nature because they can "read at once in the eyes and voice of another whether they be wed or unwed;" they would release their own spirit to Mandos before succumbing to rape, and premarital sex would create marriage which makes the term itself a misnomer.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}} "There is no record of any among the Elves that [actually] took another's spouse by force" though [[Maeglin]] made the wrongful attempt to steal [[Idril]].<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}}<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|169}}

Spouses can sometimes live separately for extended periods of time. Though united in body and spirit, they remain individuals with different gifts of mind and body to pursue.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} However, a sundering during pregnancy or during the early years of parenthood, such as by war, would be so grievous to the couple, and hurtful to the child, that they prefer to have children in peaceful times.<ref name=Rebirth>{{MR|P3II3c}}</ref>{{rp|221}}

Elves typically have four children or fewer. [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]], who had seven sons, were a notable exception.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 4}} Whenever the Eldar married, whether in youth or in later life, their children were produced within a relatively short time after their wedding. However, in mortal count, a century or two may pass before the begetting of the first child and even longer between child and child.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} After their time of children, the desire to procreate soon ceases. They turn their powers of body and mind to other tasks and arts. Nonetheless, they cherish the days of bearing and raising children as the happiest times of their lives.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

There are examples that appear to contradict this ideal. An example of extreme marital strife among the Eldar is the case of [[Eöl]] and [[Aredhel]], where Eöl tried to restrain his wife from living the life of her choice. As a result, Aredhel left Eöl without his knowing, and took their son, Maeglin, with her back to [[Gondolin]]. The end result was that Eöl sought revenge upon his own family, and while seeking to slay his rebellious son, slew his wife accidently.<ref name="SilmMaeglin">{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> Another example of great discontent developed between Fëanor and Nerdanel after the theft of the [[Silmarils]]. Nerdanel did not wish to be parted from all her children nor did she wish to follow her husband against the [[Valar]]'s wishes. Fëanor's harsh response was that, if she would not follow him, she was an untrue wife for deserting both her husband and her children.<ref name=Feanor>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref>{{rp|354}}

[[Celegorm]]'s pursuit of [[Lúthien]] and [[Maeglin]]'s attraction to [[Idril]] are cases of elves who sought partners who did not appreciate their attentions. The desire for these unwilling wives was mixed with a desire for power. While unrequited love was known to happen, few of the Eldar responded so negatively to it.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} [[Indis]] loved [[Finwë]] with secret admiration but remained contently unwedded because he was married.<ref name=LawsA/>{{rp|238}} [[Turgon]], Idril's father, denied Maeglin's suit for Idril's hand because he believed that Maeglin sought power more than the love of his daughter.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}} In Celegorm's case, he was motivated to claim Lúthien as his bride to force her father, [[Thingol]], to ally with the [[Fëanorians]] during the [[Siege of Angband]]. However, [[Huan]] and [[Beren]] defended Lúthien, against the attempted bride-stealing by Celegorm and the later attack by [[Curufin]].<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==Daily life==
Elves preoccupy themselves with various arts, such as: smithwork, sculpture, weaving, music, lore, and healing. Males and females have equal skill in all things, not concerned with the bringing forth of children; however, the females often specialize in the arts of healing while the men go to war.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} This is because the Elves believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. Women who hunted would not specialize in healing, and men who healed would refrain from hunting and only fight when absolutely necessary, for "the virtue . . . in this matter [of healing] was due . . . to their abstaining from hunting or war."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213-4}} Elves do not have rigid gender roles though natural inclinations were recognized, which varied based on the time and place and among the different peoples of Elves.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

==Later life==
[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|thumb|[[Jef Murray]] - ''Cirdan'']]
Eventually, if they did not die in battle or from some other cause, Elves, such as Noldor and Sindar, of [[Middle-earth]] grew weary of it and desired to go to [[Valinor]], where the [[Valar]] sheltered their kind. This was known as the sea-longing.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref> Those who wished to leave for the Undying Lands went by boats provided at the [[Grey Havens]], where [[Círdan]] the Shipwright dwelt with his folk. Those, of any Elven people, who did not perish through bodily death or depart from Middle-earth across the sea would eventually fade. Fading occurred when their ''[[fëar]]'' consumed their bodies and the body became merely a memory of the ''fëa''. In this state, "they were open to the direct instruction and command of the Valar" and as soon as they were disembodied in this way they would be summoned to the 'Halls of Waiting' in Aman.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|219}}

=="Cycles of life" and aging==
Elves had no beards, at least until their "third cycle of life", like [[Círdan]]. [[Mahtan]] was an exception, and had a beard in his early "second cycle".<ref>{{VT|41b}}</ref>{{rp|9}} The Elvish beardlessness could also be observed in Mannish lines with an Elvish strain (as in the princely house of [[Dol Amroth]]), which lacked beards.<ref>{{UT|6}}, "Amroth and Nimrodel", p. 320 (HarperCollins paperback; 1998)</ref>

It is unclear what these cycles exactly are. A logical sense would be that the first cycle is childhood and adolescence, the second is adulthood, and the third is for extremely old Elves; Círdan was the most ancient known Elf on Middle-earth.

Apparently, beards, though rare, were the only sign of further natural physical aging beyond maturity.

Elves did not physically age over their 100th year but they did age in a different sense than Men: they became ever more weary of the world and burdened by its sorrows,<ref>{{S|9}}</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> sometimes appeared to age under great stress.<ref name=Gwindor>{{S|21}}</ref> Círdan seemed to be aged himself, since he is described as looking old, save for the stars in his eyes; this may be due to all the sorrows he had seen and lived through since the [[First Age]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref><ref name=Last/>{{rp|385-6}} Also, the people of [[Nargothrond]] had trouble recognizing [[Gwindor]] after his time as a prisoner of [[Morgoth]].<ref name=Gwindor/>

Another bearded elf was possibly [[Tinfang Gelion]].

==Death==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea'']]
Elves are naturally [[immortal]]. In addition to their immortality, Elves are immune to all diseases, and they can recover from wounds which would normally kill a mortal Man. However, Elves can be slain, or die of grief and weariness.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|218-9}}

Elves who die or are killed go to the [[Halls of Mandos]] in Valinor if they heed the summons. After a certain period of time and rest, their spirits (''[[fëar]]'') are incarnated in bodies (''[[Fëa and hröa|hröar]]'') identical to their old ones. They almost never go back to Middle-earth with the exception of [[Lúthien]] who returned as a mortal.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref> [[Glorfindel]] of [[Rivendell]] may have been intended to have been Glorfindel of [[Gondolin]], who returned to Middle-earth in {{TA|1000}} with [[Olórin]], but this notion existed only in drafts and notes.<ref name=Last>{{PM|Last}}</ref>{{rp|377-82}}

{{references}}
[[Category: Elves]]

Elven life cycle

2016-05-01T18:00:03Z

Elf-esteem: /* Daily life */

{{quote|[[Yén]]i ve lintë yuldar avánier [...] lisse [[miruvor|Miruvóreva]] (The long years have passed like swift draughts of the sweet mead)|[[Galadriel]]<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']]
Owing to their longevity, the [[Elves]] had a very different '''Life cycle''' than [[Men]]. Most of the following information strictly refers only to the [[Eldar]]—but much could probably be applied to the [[Avari]] as well.

==Early life==
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Feanoreans - Family picture.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Family picture'']]
Elves are born about one year after their begetting.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The day of their begetting is remembered, not the actual birthday itself, because bringing forth children is an act of will, and it required a "greater share and strength of their being, in mind and in body" than takes place "in the making of mortal children."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} By their first year, Elf children can speak, walk, and dance, and their quicker onset of mental maturity makes young Elves seem older than they actually are.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|209-10}} Physical puberty is generally complete by their fiftieth year (by age fifty they reach their adult height), but they are not considered full-grown until a hundred years have passed.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

Elves' bodies developed slower than those of Men, but their minds developed more swiftly than the children of Men.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|209-10}} In their twenties, they might still appear physically seven years old, though the Elf-child would have mature language and skill,<ref name=NotesB>{{MR|P3II3e}}</ref>{{rp|228}} whereas Men at the same age are already physically mature.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

==Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood==
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|thumb|[[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]] - ''Love at First Sight'']]
Elves marry for love, or at least with free will from both parties, typically early in life. Monogamy is practised and adultery is unthinkable.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|229}} By their very nature, they are "seldom swayed by the desires of the body" or influenced by lust.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} They marry only once for it was ruled by Manwë that, "'since the Elves are by nature permanent in life within Arda, so also is their unmarred marriage.'"<ref name=marriage>{{MR|P3II3d}}</ref>{{rp|225}} [[Finwë]], first [[High King of the Noldor]], was an exception. After his [[Míriel|first wife]] died, from passing the majority of her life into [[Fëanor]],<ref name=LawsA>{{MR|P3II3f}}</ref>{{rp|237}} and refusing to be re-emboided, Finwë was permitted to marry again. This was pronounced by [[Mandos|Námo]] as the 'Doom of Finwë and Míriel'.<ref name=marriage/>{{rp|226}}

Spouses may choose each other, in their youth, long before they are married and be betrothed. The betrothal is subject to parental approval from both houses unless the parties are of age and intend to marry soon. At which point, the betrothal is announced at a meeting of the two houses, during which the couple exchange silver rings. The betrothal lasts at least a year. A betrothal is revocable by a public return of the rings, which will then be molten, but revocation was rarely needed because "the Eldar do not err lightly" in the choice of their partner.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} After their formal betrothal, the couple appoints a time for the wedding when at least a year has passed.

Marriage is celebrated at a feast of the two houses. The spouses return their betrothal rings, which they keep, and receive "slender rings of gold" which are worn upon "the index of the right hand."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} In Noldor tradition, the bride’s mother gives the groom a jewel to be worn and the bridegroom's father gives a similar gift to the bride, but these ceremonies and traditions were only a way for the parents to show their love and a respectful recognition of the two houses which would be joined. While it was considered rude, in days of peace, "to forgo the ceremonies," it was completely lawful for a couple to be married without them.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The indissoluble union was completed solely by the "act of bodily union" which achieved marriage.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} Technically, without ceremony or witnesses, only blessings exchanged between the bride and groom, including speaking of the name of [[Eru]], and consummation are required for marriage.

[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|left|[[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]] - ''Lumen Melma'']]
The Elves view the sexual act as extremely special for "the union of love is indeed to them great delight and joy."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} Extra-marital sex would be against their nature because they can "read at once in the eyes and voice of another whether they be wed or unwed;" they would release their own spirit to Mandos before succumbing to rape, and premarital sex would create marriage which makes the term itself a misnomer.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}} "There is no record of any among the Elves that [actually] took another's spouse by force" though [[Maeglin]] made the wrongful attempt to steal [[Idril]].<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}}<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|169}}

Spouses can sometimes live separately for extended periods of time. Though united in body and spirit, they remain individuals with different gifts of mind and body to pursue.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} However, a sundering during pregnancy or during the early years of parenthood, such as by war, would be so grievous to the couple, and hurtful to the child, that they prefer to have children in peaceful times.<ref name=Rebirth>{{MR|P3II3c}}</ref>{{rp|221}}

Elves typically have four children or fewer. [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]], who had seven sons, were a notable exception.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 4}} Whenever the Eldar married, whether in youth or in later life, their children were produced within a relatively short time after their wedding. However, in mortal count, a century or two may pass before the begetting of the first child and even longer between child and child.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} After their time of children, the desire to procreate soon ceases. They turn their powers of body and mind to other tasks and arts. Nonetheless, they cherish the days of bearing and raising children as the happiest times of their lives.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

There are examples that appear to contradict this ideal. An example of extreme marital strife among the Eldar is the case of [[Eöl]] and [[Aredhel]], where Eöl tried to restrain his wife from living the life of her choice. As a result, Aredhel left Eöl without his knowing, and took their son, Maeglin, with her back to [[Gondolin]]. The end result was that Eöl sought revenge upon his own family, and while seeking to slay his rebellious son, slew his wife accidently.<ref name="SilmMaeglin">{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> Another example of great discontent developed between Fëanor and Nerdanel after the theft of the [[Silmarils]]. Nerdanel did not wish to be parted from all her children nor did she wish to follow her husband against the [[Valar]]'s wishes. Fëanor's harsh response was that, if she would not follow him, she was an untrue wife for deserting both her husband and her children.<ref name=Feanor>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref>{{rp|354}}

[[Celegorm]]'s pursuit of [[Lúthien]] and [[Maeglin]]'s attraction to [[Idril]] are cases of elves who sought partners who did not appreciate their attentions. The desire for these unwilling wives was mixed with a desire for power. While unrequited love was known to happen, few of the Eldar responded so negatively to it.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} [[Indis]] loved [[Finwë]] with secret admiration but remained contently unwedded because he was married.<ref name=LawsA/>{{rp|238}} [[Turgon]], Idril's father, denied Maeglin's suit for Idril's hand because he believed that Maeglin sought power more than the love of his daughter.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}} In Celegorm's case, he was motivated to claim Lúthien as his bride to force her father, [[Thingol]], to ally with the [[Fëanorians]] during the [[Siege of Angband]]. However, [[Huan]] and [[Beren]] defended Lúthien, against the attempted bride-stealing by Celegorm and the later attack by [[Curufin]].<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==Daily life==
Elves preoccupy themselves with various arts, such as: smithwork, sculpture, weaving, music, lore, and healing. Males and females have equal skill in all things, not concerned with the bringing forth of children; however, the females often specialize in the arts of healing while the men go to war.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} This is because the Elves believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. Women who hunted would not specialize in healing, and men who healed would refrain from hunting and only fight when absolutely necessary, for "the virtue . . . in this matter [of healing] was due . . . to their abstaining from hunting or war."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213-4}} Elves do not have rigid gender roles though natural inclinations were recognized, which varied based on the time and place and among the different peoples of Elves.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

==Later life==
[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|thumb|[[Jef Murray]] - ''Cirdan'']]
Eventually, if they did not die in battle or from some other cause, the [[High Elves]], such as Noldor and Sindar, of [[Middle-earth]] grew weary of it and desired to go to [[Valinor]], where the [[Valar]] originally sheltered their kind. This was known as the sea-longing.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref> Those who wished to leave for the Undying Lands went by boats provided at the [[Grey Havens]], where [[Círdan]] the Shipwright dwelt with his folk. Those, of any Elven people, who did not perish through bodily death or depart from Middle-earth across the sea would eventually fade. Fading occurred when their ''[[fëar]]'' consumed their bodies and the body is merely a memory of the ''fëa''. In this state, "they were open to the direct instruction and command of the Valar" and as soon as they were disembodied in this way they would be summoned to the 'Halls of Waiting' in Aman.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|219}}

=="Cycles of life" and aging==
Elves had no beards, at least until their "third cycle of life", like [[Círdan]]. [[Mahtan]] was an exception, and had a beard in his early "second cycle".<ref>{{VT|41b}}</ref>{{rp|9}} The Elvish beardlessness could also be observed in Mannish lines with an Elvish strain (as in the princely house of [[Dol Amroth]]), which lacked beards.<ref>{{UT|6}}, "Amroth and Nimrodel", p. 320 (HarperCollins paperback; 1998)</ref>

It is unclear what these cycles exactly are. A logical sense would be that the first cycle is childhood and adolescence, the second is adulthood, and the third is for extremely old Elves; Círdan was the most ancient known Elf on Middle-earth.

Apparently, beards, though rare, were the only sign of further natural physical aging beyond maturity.

Elves did not physically age over their 100th year but they did age in a different sense than Men: they became ever more weary of the world and burdened by its sorrows,<ref>{{S|9}}</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> sometimes appeared to age under great stress.<ref name=Gwindor>{{S|21}}</ref> Círdan seemed to be aged himself, since he is described as looking old, save for the stars in his eyes; this may be due to all the sorrows he had seen and lived through since the [[First Age]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref><ref name=Last/>{{rp|385-6}} Also, the people of [[Nargothrond]] had trouble recognizing [[Gwindor]] after his time as a prisoner of [[Morgoth]].<ref name=Gwindor/>

Another bearded elf was possibly [[Tinfang Gelion]].

==Death==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea'']]
Elves are naturally [[immortal]]. In addition to their immortality, Elves are immune to all diseases, and they can recover from wounds which would normally kill a mortal Man. However, Elves can be slain, or die of grief and weariness.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|218-9}}

Elves who die or are killed go to the [[Halls of Mandos]] in Valinor if they heed the summons. After a certain period of time and rest, their spirits (''[[fëar]]'') are incarnated in bodies (''[[Fëa and hröa|hröar]]'') identical to their old ones. They almost never go back to Middle-earth with the exception of [[Lúthien]] who returned as a mortal.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref> [[Glorfindel]] of [[Rivendell]] may have been intended to have been Glorfindel of [[Gondolin]], who returned to Middle-earth in {{TA|1000}} with [[Olórin]], but this notion existed only in drafts and notes.<ref name=Last>{{PM|Last}}</ref>{{rp|377-82}}

{{references}}
[[Category: Elves]]

User:Elf-esteem/Sandbox

2016-05-01T16:57:41Z

Elf-esteem:

Elven life cycle

2016-05-01T16:53:24Z

Elf-esteem: sourced each section - some old speculation still remains that may be unnecessary - particularly about beards - some info is based on VT 41, which I do not own

{{quote|[[Yén]]i ve lintë yuldar avánier [...] lisse [[miruvor|Miruvóreva]] (The long years have passed like swift draughts of the sweet mead)|[[Galadriel]]<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']]
Owing to their longevity, the [[Elves]] had a very different '''Life cycle''' than [[Men]]. Most of the following information strictly refers only to the [[Eldar]]—but much could probably be applied to the [[Avari]] as well.

==Early life==
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Feanoreans - Family picture.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Family picture'']]
Elves are born about one year after their begetting.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The day of their begetting is remembered, not the actual birthday itself, because bringing forth children is an act of will, and it required a "greater share and strength of their being, in mind and in body" than takes place "in the making of mortal children."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} By their first year, Elf children can speak, walk, and dance, and their quicker onset of mental maturity makes young Elves seem older than they actually are.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|209-10}} Physical puberty is generally complete by their fiftieth year (by age fifty they reach their adult height), but they are not considered full-grown until a hundred years have passed.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

Elves' bodies developed slower than those of Men, but their minds developed more swiftly than the children of Men.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|209-10}} In their twenties, they might still appear physically seven years old, though the Elf-child would have mature language and skill,<ref name=NotesB>{{MR|P3II3e}}</ref>{{rp|228}} whereas Men at the same age are already physically mature.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|210}}

==Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood==
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|thumb|[[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]] - ''Love at First Sight'']]
Elves marry for love, or at least with free will from both parties, typically early in life. Monogamy is practised and adultery is unthinkable.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|229}} By their very nature, they are "seldom swayed by the desires of the body" or influenced by lust.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} They marry only once for it was ruled by Manwë that, "'since the Elves are by nature permanent in life within Arda, so also is their unmarred marriage.'"<ref name=marriage>{{MR|P3II3d}}</ref>{{rp|225}} [[Finwë]], first [[High King of the Noldor]], was an exception. After his [[Míriel|first wife]] died, from passing the majority of her life into [[Fëanor]],<ref name=LawsA>{{MR|P3II3f}}</ref>{{rp|237}} and refusing to be re-emboided, Finwë was permitted to marry again. This was pronounced by [[Mandos|Námo]] as the 'Doom of Finwë and Míriel'.<ref name=marriage/>{{rp|226}}

Spouses may choose each other, in their youth, long before they are married and be betrothed. The betrothal is subject to parental approval from both houses unless the parties are of age and intend to marry soon. At which point, the betrothal is announced at a meeting of the two houses, during which the couple exchange silver rings. The betrothal lasts at least a year. A betrothal is revocable by a public return of the rings, which will then be molten, but revocation was rarely needed because "the Eldar do not err lightly" in the choice of their partner.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} After their formal betrothal, the couple appoints a time for the wedding when at least a year has passed.

Marriage is celebrated at a feast of the two houses. The spouses return their betrothal rings, which they keep, and receive "slender rings of gold" which are worn upon "the index of the right hand."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} In Noldor tradition, the bride’s mother gives the groom a jewel to be worn and the bridegroom's father gives a similar gift to the bride, but these ceremonies and traditions were only a way for the parents to show their love and a respectful recognition of the two houses which would be joined. While it was considered rude, in days of peace, "to forgo the ceremonies," it was completely lawful for a couple to be married without them.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} The indissoluble union was completed solely by the "act of bodily union" which achieved marriage.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} Technically, without ceremony or witnesses, only blessings exchanged between the bride and groom, including speaking of the name of [[Eru]], and consummation are required for marriage.

[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|left|[[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]] - ''Lumen Melma'']]
The Elves view the sexual act as extremely special for "the union of love is indeed to them great delight and joy."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} Extra-marital sex would be against their nature because they can "read at once in the eyes and voice of another whether they be wed or unwed;" they would release their own spirit to Mandos before succumbing to rape, and premarital sex would create marriage which makes the term itself a misnomer.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}} "There is no record of any among the Elves that [actually] took another's spouse by force" though [[Maeglin]] made the wrongful attempt to steal [[Idril]].<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 5}}<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|169}}

Spouses can sometimes live separately for extended periods of time. Though united in body and spirit, they remain individuals with different gifts of mind and body to pursue.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} However, a sundering during pregnancy or during the early years of parenthood, such as by war, would be so grievous to the couple, and hurtful to the child, that they prefer to have children in peaceful times.<ref name=Rebirth>{{MR|P3II3c}}</ref>{{rp|221}}

Elves typically have four children or fewer. [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]], who had seven sons, were a notable exception.<ref name=NotesB/>{{rp|Note 4}} Whenever the Eldar married, whether in youth or in later life, their children were produced within a relatively short time after their wedding. However, in mortal count, a century or two may pass before the begetting of the first child and even longer between child and child.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|212}} After their time of children, the desire to procreate soon ceases. They turn their powers of body and mind to other tasks and arts. Nonetheless, they cherish the days of bearing and raising children as the happiest times of their lives.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}}

There are examples that appear to contradict this ideal. An example of extreme marital strife among the Eldar is the case of [[Eöl]] and [[Aredhel]], where Eöl tried to restrain his wife from living the life of her choice. As a result, Aredhel left Eöl without his knowing, and took their son, Maeglin, with her back to [[Gondolin]]. The end result was that Eöl sought revenge upon his own family, and while seeking to slay his rebellious son, slew his wife accidently.<ref name="SilmMaeglin">{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> Another example of great discontent developed between Fëanor and Nerdanel after the theft of the [[Silmarils]]. Nerdanel did not wish to be parted from all her children nor did she wish to follow her husband against the [[Valar]]'s wishes. Fëanor's harsh response was that, if she would not follow him, she was an untrue wife for deserting both her husband and her children.<ref name=Feanor>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref>{{rp|354}}

[[Celegorm]]'s pursuit of [[Lúthien]] and [[Maeglin]]'s attraction to [[Idril]] are cases of elves who sought partners who did not appreciate their attentions. The desire for these unwilling wives was mixed with a desire for power. While unrequited love was known to happen, few of the Eldar responded so negatively to it.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|211}} [[Indis]] loved [[Finwë]] with secret admiration but remained contently unwedded because he was married.<ref name=LawsA/>{{rp|238}} [[Turgon]], Idril's father, denied Maeglin's suit for Idril's hand because he believed that Maeglin sought power more than the love of his daughter.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}} In Celegorm's case, he was motivated to claim Lúthien as his bride to force her father, [[Thingol]], to ally with the [[Fëanorians]] during the [[Siege of Angband]]. However, [[Huan]] and [[Beren]] defended Lúthien, against the attempted bride-stealing by Celegorm and the later attack by [[Curufin]].<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

==Daily life==
Elves preoccupy themselves with various arts, such as: smithwork, sculpture, weaving, music, lore, and healing. Males and females have equal skill in all things, not concerned with the bringing forth of children; however, the females often specialize in the arts of healing while the men go to war.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} This is because the Elves believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. Women who hunted, would not specialize in healing and men who healed would refrain from hunting and only fight when absolutely necessary, for "the virtue . . . in this matter [of healing] was due . . . to their abstaining from hunting or war."<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213-4}} Elves do not have rigid gender roles though natural inclinations were recognized, which varied based on the time and place and varied among the different peoples of Elves.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|213}} Females could defend themselves at need as well as males, and many males were skilled healers as well, such as [[Elrond]].

==Later life==
[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|thumb|[[Jef Murray]] - ''Cirdan'']]
Eventually, if they did not die in battle or from some other cause, the [[High Elves]], such as Noldor and Sindar, of [[Middle-earth]] grew weary of it and desired to go to [[Valinor]], where the [[Valar]] originally sheltered their kind. This was known as the sea-longing.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref> Those who wished to leave for the Undying Lands went by boats provided at the [[Grey Havens]], where [[Círdan]] the Shipwright dwelt with his folk. Those, of any Elven people, who did not perish through bodily death or depart from Middle-earth across the sea would eventually fade. Fading occurred when their ''[[fëar]]'' consumed their bodies and the body is merely a memory of the ''fëa''. In this state, "they were open to the direct instruction and command of the Valar" and as soon as they were disembodied in this way they would be summoned to the 'Halls of Waiting' in Aman.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|219}}

=="Cycles of life" and aging==
Elves had no beards, at least until their "third cycle of life", like [[Círdan]]. [[Mahtan]] was an exception, and had a beard in his early "second cycle".<ref>{{VT|41b}}</ref>{{rp|9}} The Elvish beardlessness could also be observed in Mannish lines with an Elvish strain (as in the princely house of [[Dol Amroth]]), which lacked beards.<ref>{{UT|6}}, "Amroth and Nimrodel", p. 320 (HarperCollins paperback; 1998)</ref>

It is unclear what these cycles exactly are. A logical sense would be that the first cycle is childhood and adolescence, the second is adulthood, and the third is for extremely old Elves; Círdan was the most ancient known Elf on Middle-earth.

Apparently, beards, though rare, were the only sign of further natural physical aging beyond maturity.

Elves did not physically age over their 100th year but they did age in a different sense than Men: they became ever more weary of the world and burdened by its sorrows,<ref>{{S|9}}</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> sometimes appeared to age under great stress.<ref name=Gwindor>{{S|21}}</ref> Círdan seemed to be aged himself, since he is described as looking old, save for the stars in his eyes; this may be due to all the sorrows he had seen and lived through since the [[First Age]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref><ref name=Last/>{{rp|385-6}} Also, the people of [[Nargothrond]] had trouble recognizing [[Gwindor]] after his time as a prisoner of [[Morgoth]].<ref name=Gwindor/>

Another bearded elf was possibly [[Tinfang Gelion]].

==Death==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Light of Valinor on the Western Sea'']]
Elves are naturally [[immortal]]. In addition to their immortality, Elves are immune to all diseases, and they can recover from wounds which would normally kill a mortal Man. However, Elves can be slain, or die of grief and weariness.<ref name=Laws/>{{rp|218-9}}

Elves who die or are killed go to the [[Halls of Mandos]] in Valinor if they heed the summons. After a certain period of time and rest, their spirits (''[[fëar]]'') are incarnated in bodies (''[[Fëa and hröa|hröar]]'') identical to their old ones. They almost never go back to Middle-earth with the exception of [[Lúthien]] who returned as a mortal.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref> [[Glorfindel]] of [[Rivendell]] may have been intended to have been Glorfindel of [[Gondolin]], who returned to Middle-earth in {{TA|1000}} with [[Olórin]], but this notion existed only in drafts and notes.<ref name=Last>{{PM|Last}}</ref>{{rp|377-82}}

{{references}}
[[Category: Elves]]

Talk:Ingwë

2016-05-01T15:17:57Z

Elf-esteem: /* The inspiration stuff */ apparently I forgot how to use plural verbs this morning >_<

Talk:Ingwë

2016-05-01T15:14:36Z

Elf-esteem:

Ingwë

2016-04-29T01:08:44Z

Elf-esteem: ref typo fixed

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref name=Shib>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Indis<ref name=Earliest/> or Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref name=Shib/>
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed children<ref name=Earliest/> (possibly [[Ingwion]])<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

==History==
Ingwë was one of the [[Minyar]] born near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and travelled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwë'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.{{fact}}

In part one of ''[[The Lost Tales]]'', "Inwë, referred to in ''[[The Cottage of Lost Play]]'' as 'King of all the Eldar when they dwelt in [[Kôr]]', is the forerunner of Ingwë King of the Vanyar Elves in ''The Silmarillion''." Inwë's son was named as [[Ingil]].<ref>{{LT1|In}}</ref>{{rp|26}}

In drafts for his character, Ingwë had a sister, which would imply that he was not an unbegotten elf and instead a child born from one of the pairings of the original fourteen or their early descendants as the [[Minyar]] clan grew. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[Indis]] is the daughter of King Ingwë's unnamed sister.<ref name=Finwe>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>{{rp|343}} In ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', Indis was written as the sister of Ingwë.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}</ref>{{rp|261}}

The children of Ingwë and his spouse are not mentioned in ''The Silmarillion''. However, in the words of an early story of Finwë, he said, "'Ingwë and Olwë beget many children in the bliss of Aman.'"<ref name=Earliest>{{MR|P3II2}}</ref>{{rp|206}} And, in that same story, it noted again that Indis was the sister of Ingwë.<ref name=Earliest/>{{rp|207}}

In these early works, while the other clans are noted as the followers or the people of their leader, only the Vanyar are called "The Children of Ingwë" among other poetic names.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}</ref>{{rp|164}}

His name also identified the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; based on the root of his name ''inga'' ([[Q.]]) meaning 'top, highest point'. Their king's proper title was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref name=Finwe/>{{rp|340}}

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

Ingwë

2016-04-29T01:06:37Z

Elf-esteem: /* Other versions of the legendarium */ Inwë and son Ingil reference

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref name=Shib>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Indis<ref name=Earliest/> or Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref name=Shib/>
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed children<ref name=Earliest/> (possibly [[Ingwion]])<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

==History==
Ingwë was one of the [[Minyar]] born near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and travelled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwë'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.{{fact}}

In part one of ''[[The Lost Tales]]'', "Inwë, referred to in ''[[The Cottage of Lost Play]]'' as 'King of all the Eldar when they dwelt in [[Kôr]]', is the forerunner of Ingwë King of the Vanyar Elves in ''The Silmarillion''." Inwë's son is named as [[Ingil]].<ref>{{LT1|IN}}</ref>{{rp|26}}

In drafts for his character, Ingwë had a sister, which would imply that he was not an unbegotten elf and instead a child born from one of the pairings of the original fourteen or their early descendants as the [[Minyar]] clan grew. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[Indis]] is the daughter of King Ingwë's unnamed sister.<ref name=Finwe>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>{{rp|343}} In ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', Indis was written as the sister of Ingwë.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}</ref>{{rp|261}}

The children of Ingwë and his spouse are not mentioned in ''The Silmarillion''. However, in the words of an early story of Finwë, he said, "'Ingwë and Olwë beget many children in the bliss of Aman.'"<ref name=Earliest>{{MR|P3II2}}</ref>{{rp|206}} And, in that same story, it noted again that Indis was the sister of Ingwë.<ref name=Earliest/>{{rp|207}}

In these early works, while the other clans are noted as the followers or the people of their leader, only the Vanyar are called "The Children of Ingwë" among other poetic names.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}</ref>{{rp|164}}

His name also identified the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; based on the root of his name ''inga'' ([[Q.]]) meaning 'top, highest point'. Their king's proper title was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref name=Finwe/>{{rp|340}}

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

Ingwë

2016-04-28T01:05:17Z

Elf-esteem: spelling & fact check note

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref name=Shib>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Indis<ref name=Earliest/> or Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref name=Shib/>
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed children<ref name=Earliest/> (possibly [[Ingwion]])<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

==History==
Ingwë was one of the [[Minyar]] born near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and travelled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwë'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.{{fact}}

In drafts for his character, Ingwë had a sister, which would imply that he was not an unbegotten elf and instead a child born from one of the pairings of the original fourteen or their early descendants as the [[Minyar]] clan grew. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[Indis]] is the daughter of King Ingwë's unnamed sister.<ref name=Finwe>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>{{rp|343}} In ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', Indis was written as the sister of Ingwë.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}</ref>{{rp|261}}

The children of Ingwë and his spouse are not mentioned in ''The Silmarillion''. However, in the words of an early story of Finwë, he said, "'Ingwë and Olwë beget many children in the bliss of Aman.'"<ref name=Earliest>{{MR|P3II2}}</ref>{{rp|206}} And, in that same story, it noted again that Indis was the sister of Ingwë.<ref name=Earliest/>{{rp|207}}

In these early works, while the other clans are noted as the followers or the people of their leader, only the Vanyar are called "The Children of Ingwë" among other poetic names.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}</ref>{{rp|164}}

His name also identified the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; based on the root of his name ''inga'' ([[Q.]]) meaning 'top, highest point'. Their king's proper title was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref name=Finwe/>{{rp|340}}

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

Magic

2016-04-28T00:52:49Z

Elf-esteem: left UT refs for a specific note, but removed UT page number refs

{{cleanup}}
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Nazgûl at the Walls.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Nazgûl at the Walls'']]

{{quote|I am afraid I have been far too casual about 'magic' and especially the use of the word; though Galadriel and others show by the criticism of the 'mortal' use of the word, that the thought about it is not altogether casual. But it is a v. large question, and difficult; and a story which . . . is largely about motives"|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 155]]}}

{{quote|For this is what your folk would call magic. I believe; though I do not understand clearly what they mean; and they seem also to use the same word of the deceits of the Enemy|[[Galadriel]], ''[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]''}}

Although '''magic''' in Middle-earth was not explicitly defined by Tolkien, it was a term used by the [[Hobbits]] to describe processes and abilities of objects which could not be explained outside of their limited lore and knowledge. For Elves and Wizards, what others might call magic was not something special or different from the natural world,<ref name="L155">{{L|155}}</ref> just a part of it that was not immediately visible, leading to more common categorization of things as [[Seen]] or [[Unseen]]. The Seen aspects of a thing or person are only part of it. Through the power of [[the One Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins]] at times saw powerful Elves, such as the High-elf [[Glorfindel]], in their true level of power and radiance that extends into the Unseen.<ref name="Many"/>

==Magic by race==
===Ainur magic===
The [[Ainur]] as supernatural or angelic beings could shape the world in terms according to their natures. [[Melkor]], later Morgoth, had great power but he could only mar or corrupt what his brethren had wrought.<ref name="Ainu">{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

In ''Morgoth's Ring'', it explains that, "to gain domination over Arda, Morgoth had let most of his being pass into the ''physical'' constituents of the Earth" which meant that everything that was born or lived on Earth, such as, beasts, plants, and incarnate spirits, were likely to be tainted.<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|394}} While with the [[One Ring]], Sauron's, "relatively smaller, power was ''concentrated''; Morgoth's vast power was ''disseminated''. The whole of 'Middle-earth' was Morgoth's Ring."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}} In this imbuement of Middle-earth, "Morgoth lost (or exchanged, or transmuted) the greater part of his original 'angelic' powers, of mind and spirit, while gaining a terrible grip upon the physical world."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|400}}

[[Sauron]], a lieutenant of Morgoth, was a powerful [[Maiar|Maia]] who used his powers to manipulate objects and his slaves. However, these acts of corruption, putting his will and power into other things and people lessened him as it did his master before him. "Evil is fissiparous. But itself barren."<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|405}} So with each creation or corruption, they themselves were lessened because parts of their power now existed outside of themselves. It was not an unlimited supply. Even the [[Ainur]] who resided in [[Aman]] had limits. For example, [[Yavanna]] could not remake the light of the [[Two Trees]]. The only hope for them to be restored would be to reclaim the light captured of them in the [[Silmarils]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

Some Maiar, like Sauron, had power nearly the equal of a Vala<ref name="Ainu"/> so that even [[Gandalf|Olórin]] feared him.<ref name="Istari"/>{{rp|393}} Whatever lore he shared with the [[Elves]], such as the making of the [[Rings of Power]] in [[Eregion]], would have unlocked their own understanding of how to craft the rings with their own innate abilities, which is how the master-smith [[Celebrimbor]] was able to create the [[Three Rings]] in secret. But the rings that [[Sauron|Annatar]] had a hand in were corrupted and bound to his own power. Any power that Sauron's slaves or servants had was sourced in him. Servants like the [[Black Númenóreans]] and the Men who became [[Nazgûl]] used this power as sorcery. For example, if [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s heart had been pierced with the Morgul-knife, he would have been a wraith and under the Ringwraith's command as they are under Sauron's.<ref name="Many">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
[[File:Donato Giancola - The Balance of Things.jpg‎|right|thumb|225px|''The Balance of Things by [[Donato Giancola]] featuring the five Wizards]]

The [[Istari]], the Maiar who came to [[Middle-earth]] in the diminished form of men, were tasked to help guide the [[Free peoples]] against Sauron. The nature of the Istari was not known to all, and they were known as wise old men. They were called [[Wizards]]. In Tolkien's mythology, this term is specifically only used for the Order of the Istari, who are of angelic origin. The word "wizard is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''); one of the members of an 'order' (as they called it), claiming to posses, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World."<ref name ="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref>

A member of the race of Men wielding magical powers would be referred to as a sorcerer, whether for good or evil. Although later contradicted, according to Tolkien's [[Letter 155]], the concept of magic in his world did not come from lore or spells, and Men did not have magic.<ref name="L155"/> By this definition, lore like knowing the language of an animal, would not be considered magical in [[Middle-earth]], merely knowledgeable.<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref>{{rp|227-8}} But, it might look like magic to one who did not understand the knowledge.

===Elven magic===
Although the [[Eldar]] of [[Aman]] knew the powers of the [[Ainur]] and were even tutored by them, the Elves did not comprehend the concept of magic as it was used by mortals. Their bodies and spirits worked in harmony and creation came naturally to them. The Elvish "''fëa'' was above all designed to make things in co-operation with the ''hröa''."<ref>{{MR|P4g}}</ref>{{rp|332}} The Elves were taught arts and crafts by the [[Valar]] in [[Valinor]] and put dedication and love in every thing they wrought. They were deeply connected to the things they made, "the love of the Elves for their land and their works is deeper than the deeps of the Sea."<ref name="Mirror"/> Due to their near immortality,<ref name="Laws">{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|212}} Elves could reach high levels of mastery in crafts, arts, and lore.

The Rings of Power and [[lesser rings]] were objects that would seem magical to the [[Secondborn]]; they gave powers of manipulation to the bearer of the [[One Ring]], and some might give the wearer invisibility, which was actually the ability to walk in the Unseen world. Other Elven artefacts were the ''[[Palantíri]]'',<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> the [[Fëanorian lamps|Lamps of the Noldor]],<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}</ref>{{rp|Note 2}} and the [[Mirror of Galadriel]].<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref> Some simpler artefacts were the river-boats of the [[Galadhrim]] and the elven ropes, which seemed to have wills of their own.

Galadriel was tutored by Melian when she resided in Doriath,<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> and with her ring [[Nenya]], she was able to enchant and protect the [[Lothlórien|Golden Wood]].<ref name="Mirror"/> Elrond wore the ring [[Vilya]] which helped him protect his hidden realm of [[Imladris]]. In the Third Age, [[Thranduil]] was the only Elf-lord who did not have a Great Ring to help him maintain his realm against the Enemy. However, he did have the [[Enchanted River]]<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref>, which made people fall asleep and dream deeply, and the [[Elvenking's Halls]] as his fortress to help protect his people.<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref>
[[Image:Šárka Škorpíková - Finrod vs Sauron.jpg|left|thumb|225px|''Finrod versus Sauron'' by Šárka Škorpíková]]

Elves had skill with healing and medicine. Though it was natural to them, those who healed often chose not to fight, except at need, to preserve their skill, "for the Eldar deemed that the dealing of death . . . diminished the power of healing."<ref name="Laws"/>{{rp|213}} While ordinary for an Elf, it might have felt magical to someone healed by them who did not understand how they were using their [[fëa]] (spirit). [[Glorfindel]] helped heal [[Frodo]], without seeming to do more than search the wound with his fingers, "Frodo felt the chill lessen in his side and arm; a little warmth crept down from his shoulder to his hand, and the pain grew easier."<ref name="Flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref> There were no magic words or chants, and no medicine was applied at that time. He also gave Frodo and his companions a drink of clear liquid, which had no taste, that renewed their strength and vigour.<ref name="Flight"/>

Elven minstrels, like [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and [[Lúthien]], also had power in their songs.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>{{rp|170-1, 174, 180-1}} Finrod strove against Sauron in song and made great progress, but he was overpowered with a dire chant. Lúthien, who was half-maia, was able to use stronger enchantments to disguise herself and Beren, and she mesmerized Morgoth with her singing and dancing.<ref name="Beren"/>

===Dark magic===
Sindarin has two words for dark magic: [[morgul]] and [[guldur]]. The element gûl literally means "magic lore" or "long study" and the negative connotations include "necromancy" and "sorcery". Môr translates to "dark" or "night" and dȗr means "dark" or "sombre".<ref group="note"> Sindarin translations found at: [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary]</ref> Alone the words are perfectly neutral as the concept of magic itself is neutral in Middle-earth.<ref name="L155"/> However, when these terms are used in ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' such as referring to [[Dol Guldur]] or a Morgul-knife, they have negative connotations.<ref name="Many"/> Morgul may be referred to as the dark lore and objects produced or influenced through the magic of Sauron and used for evil, which could be shared with his followers, such as the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] and [[Black Númenóreans]].
[[Image:John_Howe_-_Black_Rider_02.jpg‎|right|thumb|150px|''The Black Rider'' by [[John Howe]]]]

The magic of Sauron, or other sorcerers who were taught how to use the corruption Morgoth left in Arda, was based directly upon the physical legacy of his previous master. The "Morgoth-element in matter . . . was a prerequisite for such 'magic' and other evils as Sauron practised with it and upon it."<ref name=Myths>{{MR|P5VII}}</ref>{{rp|400}}

Sauron himself was also known as the Necromancer which indicated that he had power over spirits.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> The [[Witch-king|Witch-king of Angmar]], who wore a Ring of Power, had the ability to summon the [[Barrow-wights]] to the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Dwarven magic===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Doors of Durin.jpg|left|thumb|150px|''The Doors of Durin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (as printed in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Book II, Ch. 4 - [[A Journey in the Dark]]).]]
The constructions of [[Dwarves]] had properties which might be seen as magical. An example could be the [[Doors of Durin]] which opened by themselves upon saying the word ''mellon'', without visible machinery or other assistance. The magical appearance could be the technology of Dwarven ingenuity and craftsmanship. The Elven Door was created by the Dwarven craftsman [[Narvi]] and inscribed by the Elf-lord [[Celebrimbor]] with letters and signs fashioned in [[ithildin]].<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

Another Dwarven door is seen in ''[[The Hobbit]]''. The [[Back Door]] of the Lonely Mountain was a hidden, seamless door which had a keyhole that would only be revealed on Durin's Day. The key lines that may infer an enchantment on the door are:

{{blockquote|A gleam of light came straight through the opening into the bay and fell on the smooth rock-face. The old thrush . . . gave a sudden trill. There was a loud crack. A flake of rock split from the wall and fell. A hole appeared suddenly about three feet from the ground.|{{H|Doorstep}}}}

This appears to be what Tolkien might refer to as ''magia'', or physical magic, because there is a crack and a flake of rock falls off the wall.<ref name="L155"/>

==Tolkien's views==
J.R.R. Tolkien discussed the operations and moral dimensions of magic in [[Letter 155]] of ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]''. This letter is actually an unsent part of a draft of [[Letter 154]] which was dated September 25, 1954.

Magic in Middle-earth was explained as an innate ability set of the Ainur and the Firstborn, to the exclusion of other peoples. Regardless, ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' both contain descriptions of special items and weapons that are said to have been crafted by Men and Dwarves, such as the dagger wielded by Merry which stabbed the Witch-king and [[Angrist]].<ref name="Battle">{{RK|Battle}}</ref><ref name=Beren/>

The area of discussion in the letter is the difference between ''magia'' and ''goeteia'', with ''magia'' (physical magic) usually noted as good and ''goeteia'' (charm and conjuring magic) as bad. He wrote, "neither is, in this tale, good or bad (per se), but only by motive or purpose or use. Both sides use both, but with different motives."<ref name="L155"/> The evil motive was to use it to dominate free will. The Enemy used his ''magia'' to "bulldoze" both people and things and used his ''goeteia'' to terrify and subjugate. The Elves and Gandalf sparingly used ''magia'' for specific beneficial purposes (like burning pine cones to toss at the Wargs<ref>{{H|6}}</ref>), and their ''goetic'' effects were "entirely ''artistic'' and not intended to deceive: they never deceive Elves (but may deceive or bewilder unaware Men)."<ref name="L155"/> For Elves, the difference was as clear to them as the difference to us between art (fiction, painting, and sculpture) and life.<ref name="L155"/>

At the end of the draft noted as Letter 155, he wrote "a difference between the use of 'magic' in this story [''The Lord of the Rings''] is that it is not to be come by by 'lore' or spells; but it is an inherent power not possessed or attainable by Men as such."<ref name="L155"/> While "Aragorn's 'healing' might be regarded as 'magical', or at least a blend of magic and pharmacy and 'hypnotic' processes . . . A. is not a pure 'Man', but at long remove one of the 'children of Lúthien'."<ref name="L155"/>

'''The Númenórean Question''': Since this 1954 letter draft was unsent, he seemed undecided on the total exclusion of Men from spellcasting. Since Men did not have the natural skill to weave their own spirit into things or ideas, they may have used spells. Alongside the final paragraph of Letter 155, which ended with the explanation that Aragorn was distantly of Lúthien's line, Tolkien wrote this question: "'But the Númenóreans used "spells" in making swords?'"<ref name="L155"/>{{rp|Note 2}}

In a later work completed by 1959, the ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]'', there is an amended note which contains the [[Tale of Adanel]] in which the strongest and the cruellest of the fallen Men who worshipped Morgoth, during the dawn of Men in Middle-earth, were given "gifts" and "knowledge that they kept secret" which made them "powerful and proud," and with their new power, they enslaved the other Men.<ref name=Athrabeth>{{MR|P4i}}</ref>{{rp|348}} In this later text, Men could be given artefacts or taught lore, but magic remained a noninherent trait.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the draft material that appears in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', the complex relationship of creation from the spirits and bodies of Ainur and Elves is explained as spells and enchantments. Irmo used poppies as reagents in his sleep enchantments.<ref name=Valar>{{LT1|III}}</ref>{{rp|74}} Aulë used spells in his smith-craft.<ref name=Melko>{{LT1|IV}}</ref>{{rp|100}} Yavanna used spells and enchantments when creating and growing plants,<ref name=Valar/>{{rp|71, 98}} and she gave spells to Ulmo to populate the seas with aquatic life during the age of "Melko's Chains".<ref name=Melko/>{{rp|106}} In "[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]", [[Lúthien|Tinúviel]], [[Melian|Gwendeling]]'s daughter, wove with magics and spells in her tree house prison, and she was aided by her mother and her brother, [[Daeron|Dairon]].<ref name=Tinuviel>{{LT2|I}}</ref>{{rp|19}}

==External links==
*[http://tolkien.slimy.com/essays/MagicEssay.html Essay on magic in Middle-earth] by Steuard Jensen
*[http://www.darkshire.net/~jhkim/rpg/lordoftherings/magic/principles.html Principles of Tolkien's Magic] by John H. Kim
*[http://fin.yserve.net/layers/html/magic.htm Magic In The Third Age] at Finduilas's J.R.R. Tolkien Page
*[http://tolkien.cro.net/mearth/magic.html Magic in Middle-earth] at tolkien.cro.net
{{references|n}}
[[Category:Magic| ]]

Ingwë

2016-04-27T03:42:53Z

Elf-esteem: ref after parenthesis

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref name=Shib>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Indis<ref name=Earliest/> or Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref name=Shib/>
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed children<ref name=Earliest/> (possibly [[Ingwion]])<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

==History==
Ingwe was one of the [[Minyar]] born near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and traveled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwe'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.

In drafts for his character, Ingwë had a sister, which would imply that he was not an unbegotten elf and instead a child born from one of the pairings of the original fourteen or their early descendants as the [[Minyar]] clan grew. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[Indis]] is the daughter of King Ingwë's unnamed sister.<ref name=Finwe>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>{{rp|343}} In ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', Indis was written as the sister of Ingwë.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}</ref>{{rp|261}}

The children of Ingwë and his spouse are not mentioned in ''The Silmarillion''. However, in the words of an early story of Finwë, he said, "'Ingwë and Olwë beget many children in the bliss of Aman.'"<ref name=Earliest>{{MR|P3II2}}</ref>{{rp|206}} And, in that same story, it noted again that Indis was the sister of Ingwë.<ref name=Earliest/>{{rp|207}}

In these early works, while the other clans are noted as the followers or the people of their leader, only the Vanyar are called "The Children of Ingwë" among other poetic names.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}</ref>{{rp|164}}

His name also identified the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; based on the root of his name ''inga'' ([[Q.]]) meaning 'top, highest point'. Their king's proper title was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref name=Finwe/>{{rp|340}}

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

User:Elf-esteem/Sandbox

2016-04-27T03:38:39Z

Elf-esteem:

User talk:Edrastel

2016-04-27T03:31:24Z

Elf-esteem:

Ingwë

2016-04-27T03:25:08Z

Elf-esteem: putting back Edrastel's edit

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref name=Shib>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Indis<ref name=Earliest/> or Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref name=Shib/>
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed children<ref name=Earliest/> (possibly [[Ingwion]]<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

==History==
Ingwe was one of the [[Minyar]] born near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and traveled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwe'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.

In drafts for his character, Ingwë had a sister, which would imply that he was not an unbegotten elf and instead a child born from one of the pairings of the original fourteen or their early descendants as the [[Minyar]] clan grew. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[Indis]] is the daughter of King Ingwë's unnamed sister.<ref name=Finwe>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>{{rp|343}} In ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', Indis was written as the sister of Ingwë.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}</ref>{{rp|261}}

The children of Ingwë and his spouse are not mentioned in ''The Silmarillion''. However, in the words of an early story of Finwë, he said, "'Ingwë and Olwë beget many children in the bliss of Aman.'"<ref name=Earliest>{{MR|P3II2}}</ref>{{rp|206}} And, in that same story, it noted again that Indis was the sister of Ingwë.<ref name=Earliest/>{{rp|207}}

In these early works, while the other clans are noted as the followers or the people of their leader, only the Vanyar are called "The Children of Ingwë" among other poetic names.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}</ref>{{rp|164}}

His name also identified the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; based on the root of his name ''inga'' ([[Q.]]) meaning 'top, highest point'. Their king's proper title was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref name=Finwe/>{{rp|340}}

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

Ingwë

2016-04-27T03:22:18Z

Elf-esteem: fixed a lot of duplicate & incorrect references - added info to other versions about Ingwë's mostly unnamed family drafts

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref name=Shib>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Indis<ref name=Earliest/> or Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref name=Shib/>
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed children<ref name=Earliest/> (possibly [[Ingwion]]<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

==History==
Ingwe was one of the [[Minyar]] born or awoken near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and traveled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwe'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.

In drafts for his character, Ingwë had a sister, which would imply that he was not an unbegotten elf and instead a child born from one of the pairings of the original fourteen or their early descendants as the [[Minyar]] clan grew. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[Indis]] is the daughter of King Ingwë's unnamed sister.<ref name=Finwe>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>{{rp|343}} In ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', Indis was written as the sister of Ingwë.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}</ref>{{rp|261}}

The children of Ingwë and his spouse are not mentioned in ''The Silmarillion''. However, in the words of an early story of Finwë, he said, "'Ingwë and Olwë beget many children in the bliss of Aman.'"<ref name=Earliest>{{MR|P3II2}}</ref>{{rp|206}} And, in that same story, it noted again that Indis was the sister of Ingwë.<ref name=Earliest/>{{rp|207}}

In these early works, while the other clans are noted as the followers or the people of their leader, only the Vanyar are called "The Children of Ingwë" among other poetic names.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}</ref>{{rp|164}}

His name also identified the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; based on the root of his name ''inga'' ([[Q.]]) meaning 'top, highest point'. Their king's proper title was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref name=Finwe/>{{rp|340}}

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

Ingwë

2016-04-27T03:22:05Z

Elf-esteem: (testing to see if I can get the save to go through) Undo revision 287375 by Edrastel (talk)

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| spouse=
| children=Unnamed children<ref>{{MR|P3II6}}</ref> (possibly [[Ingwion]]<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

His name was loaned to the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; his proper name, that was also a title by itself, was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, "The names of Finwe's descendants", p. 340</ref>
==History==
Ingwe was one of the [[Minyar]] born or awoke near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and traveled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{WJ|Customs}}, (Spanish ed. p.276)</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwe'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

User talk:Edrastel

2016-04-27T03:17:23Z

Elf-esteem: /* OMG Bro! */

User:Elf-esteem/Sandbox

2016-04-27T03:12:54Z

Elf-esteem:

== Sandbox Notes ==
Mandos 'hell' and -mandu in Angamandu 'Hells of Iron' (Anga is Q. for 'iron') (Lost Tales 1, Appendix), which is Angband lit. 'Iron-prison' (S. ang 'iron' + band 'prison'). Related also to ''Angainos'' which was a Gnomish name for Melkor as the Gnomish word ''Gainu'' means "tormentor".

== Stuff to do ==
http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Elven_Life_cycle

Most of it is in ''Morgoth's Ring'', LACE chapter, just need to dig through for the references.

== Ingwë ==
| house=House of Ingwë<ref name=Shib>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Indis<ref name=Earliest/> or Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref name=Shib/>
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed children<ref name=Earliest/> (possibly [[Ingwion]]<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

==History==
Ingwe was one of the [[Minyar]] born or awoken near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and traveled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwe'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.

In drafts for his character, Ingwë had a sister, which would imply that he was not an unbegotten elf and instead a child born from one of the pairings of the original fourteen or their early descendants as the [[Minyar]] clan grew. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[Indis]] is the daughter of King Ingwë's unnamed sister.<ref name=Finwe>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>{{rp|343}} In ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', Indis was written as the sister of Ingwë.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}</ref>{{rp|261}}

The children of Ingwë and his spouse are not mentioned in ''The Silmarillion''. However, in the words of an early story of Finwë, he said, "'Ingwë and Olwë beget many children in the bliss of Aman.'"<ref name=Earliest>{{MR|P3II2}}</ref>{{rp|206}} And, in that same story, it noted again that Indis was the sister of Ingwë.<ref name=Earliest/>{{rp|207}}

In these early works, while the other clans are noted as the followers or the people of their leader, only the Vanyar are called "The Children of Ingwë" among other poetic names.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}</ref>{{rp|164}}

His name also identified the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; based on the root of his name ''inga'' ([[Q.]]) meaning 'top, highest point'. Their king's proper title was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref name=Finwe/>{{rp|340}}

-- Placing my edits here so I don't lose them due to an editing overlap conflict --

User talk:Edrastel

2016-04-27T03:08:58Z

Elf-esteem:

Ingwë

2016-04-27T01:33:59Z

Elf-esteem: Your ideas belong 'other versions of the legendarium' section with refs; it's draft-only and has two differing versions. Undo revision 287369 by Eryniel Alassë (talk)

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| spouse=
| children=Unnamed children<ref>{{MR|P3II6}}</ref> (possibly [[Ingwion]]<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

His name was loaned to the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; his proper name, that was also a title by itself, was ''Ingwë Ingweron'', "Chief of the chieftains".<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, "The names of Finwe's descendants", p. 340</ref>
==History==
Ingwe was one of the [[Minyar]] born or awoke near [[Cuiviénen]]. When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and traveled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{WJ|Customs}}, (Spanish ed. p.276)</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwe'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

Lalaith (word)

2016-04-26T04:46:10Z

Elf-esteem: Adding refs to source the name and roots

'''''lalaith''''' is a noun meaning "laughter" in [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref><ref>[[Didier Willis]], [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/english.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] at [http://www.jrrvf.com/haut.shtml Jrrvf.com] (accessed 19 July 2011)</ref>

==Etymology==
It is possible that this word shows influence from ''[[lala]]-'' in [[Quenya]], such as, in the name ''Lalwendë'' or, more commonly, ''Lalwen'' (laughing maiden).<ref name=Finwe>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>{{rp|343}}

In Common Eldarin the stem for 'laugh' is ''g''-''lada''-, in Quenya ''lala''-, in Telerin ''glada'', and in Sindarin ''glað''.<ref name=Finwe/>{{rp|359, Note 29}}

==Examples==
* ''[[Lalaith]]''
* ''[[Nen Lalaith]]''

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]