Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Ailinel

2026-05-14T17:42:13Z

Elisa: /* Etymology */ Added a detail: Ailinel is the eldest out of Tar-Aldarion's sisters. This is written in Unfinished Tales.

{{infobox character
| people=[[Númenóreans|Númenórean]]
| name=Ailinel
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈa͡ɪlinel]}}
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Númenor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]]
| birth={{SA|712}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=unknown (aged 87+)
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| parentage=[[Tar-Meneldur]] and [[Almarian]]
| siblings=[[Tar-Aldarion]] and [[Almiel]]
| spouse=[[Orchaldor]]
| children=[[Soronto]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ailinel''' was the second of the three children of [[Tar-Meneldur]] and [[Almarian]] of [[Númenor]]. Her older brother [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] later became King [[Tar-Aldarion]]; her younger sister was [[Almiel]].<ref name="Early">{{UT|earlier}}</ref> She was the eldest out of Tar-Aldarion's sisters. Ailinel married [[Orchaldor]], who was descended from the [[House of Hador]] and they had a son named [[Soronto]].<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Ailinel'' is a [[Quenya]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but [[Helge Fauskanger]] suggests it means "Lake-woman" or something similar and consists of the elements ''[[ailin]]'' ("lake") + the feminine suffix ''[[-iel]]''.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=https://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quen-eng.htm|articlename='''ailin'''|website=Quettaparma Quenyallo|accessed=26 January 2022}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | | VEA | | | | | | |ELE=[[Tar-Elendil]] ''{{SA|350|n}} - {{SA|751|n}}''|VEA=[[Vëantur]] ''b. {{SA|451|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELA |y| SIL | | ISI | | MEN |y| ALM | | | | HAT |ELA=[[Elatan]] ''unknown''|SIL=[[Silmariën]] ''b. {{SA|521|n}}''|ISI=[[Isilmë]] ''b. {{SA|532|n}}''|MEN=[[Tar-Meneldur]] ''{{SA|543|n}} - {{SA|942|n}}''|ALM=[[Almarian]] ''unknown''|HAT=[[Hatholdir]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | VAL | | ERE |y| ALD | | ALM | | AIL |y| ORC |VAL=[[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]] ''b. {{SA|630|n}}''|ERE=[[Erendis]] ''{{SA|771|n}} - {{SA|985|n}}''|ALD=[[Tar-Aldarion]] ''{{SA|700|n}} - {{SA|1098|n}}''|AIL='''AILINEL''' ''b. {{SA|712|n}}''|ORC=[[Orchaldor]] ''unknown''|ALM=[[Almiel]] ''b. {{SA|729|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | AND | | | | ANC |y| HAL | | | | | | SOR | | |AND=[[Lords of Andúnië|''Lords of Andúnië'']]|ANC=[[Tar-Ancalimë]] ''{{SA|873|n}} - {{SA|1285|n}}''|HAL=[[Hallacar]] ''{{SA|852|n}} - {{SA|1211|n}}''|SOR=[[Soronto]] ''b. {{SA|799|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ANA | | | | | | | | | | | | |ANA=[[Tar-Anárion]] ''{{SA|1003|n}} - {{SA|1404|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{References}}
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Númenóreans]]
[[de:Ailinel]]
[[fi:Ailinel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/ailinel]]

Aerin

2026-05-14T17:35:45Z

Elisa: /* History */

{{infobox character
| people=[[Edain|Adan]]
| name=Aerin
| image=Turner Mohan - Aerin.jpg
| caption="Aerin" by [[:Category:Images by Turner Mohan|Turner Mohan]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Lady Aerin, Indor’s daughter
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Dor-lómin]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{FA|496}} (suicide)
| deathlocation=Dor-lómin
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| parentage=[[Indor]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Brodda]]
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Aerin''', the daughter of [[Indor]],<ref>{{CH|12}}, p. 189</ref> was a [[House of Hador|kinswoman]] of [[Húrin]] in [[Dor-lómin]], taken as wife by [[Brodda|Brodda the Easterling]].

==History==
After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], [[Brodda]] the [[Easterlings|Easterling]] became the lord of [[Hithlum]], and took her as his wife against her will, hoping thus to produce an heir. Aerin secretly helped [[Húrin]]'s wife [[Morwen]].<ref>{{CH|4}}, p. 69</ref>

When [[Túrin]], son of Húrin, returned to [[Dor-lómin]], he learned from Aerin that his mother had left Hithlum. In rage he killed Brodda, thereby also sealing Aerin's fate, who immolated herself alive in her [[Brodda's hall|hall]] to prevent further torment from other Easterlings. From then on, the remainder of the [[House of Hador]] were to be persecuted even more cruelly than before.<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref><ref>{{CH|12}}</ref>

==Etymology==
As [[Paul Strack]] points out, due the context in later [[legendarium]], the name should be [[Mannish]] Hadorian, but because its development in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s works, it could be [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-797072021.html|articlename=Ed. ''Aerin'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=31 May 2024}}</ref> If that was the case it would include the element ''[[aer]]'' ("ocean"). The ending perhaps is the same in the names of ''Húrin'' and ''Túrin''; in that case the name would mean "She who desires the Sea".

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | IND | |IND=[[Indor]] ''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree| BRO |~| AER | |BRO=[[Brodda]] ''d. {{FA|496}}''|AER='''AERIN''' ''d. {{FA|496}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===
This character already appears in the early version of the [[legendarium]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', with the [[Gnomish]] name '''''Airin'''''. She is described as "of the long hair", and she is also a kinswoman of [[Mavwin]] and wife of Brodda. Here he is not an Easterling, but it is said she had a horrible life by his side.<ref name="Turambar">{{LT2|II}}</ref>{{rp|91}}

When Mawvin decided to leave [[Hisilómë]] and go to [[Tinwelint]]'s realm, she asked Airin to put her daughter and properties under the care of Brodda. Airin conviced her husband of this without effort, but [[Nienóri]] refused to stay.<ref name="Turambar" />{{rp|93}}

She was not present when Turambar arrived at [[Brodda's hall]] and killed him. After the murder of Brodda and [[Orlin]], Airin appeared and stopped others from attacking Turambar. She was horrified by the crime, and Turambar did not dare to look upon her. Then she pronounced a public judgement, saying that Brodda was a bad lord and Turambar's wrath was just, but being a guest, killing his host was a terrible crime, as was killing Orlin of the same kind. Therefore she condemned Turambar to be disinherited and exiled for ever. Everyone there agreed with her, save Turambar, who asked to be killed right away. But the people there loved Airin and respected her, and Airin's secret wish to keep Túrin alive was fulfilled.<ref name="Turambar" />{{rp|89–91}}

She is given the Gnomish name '''''Faiglindra''''' ("long-tressed"); in [[Qenya]] '''''Firilanda'''''.<ref name="Turambar" />{{rp|93}}

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Aerin]]
[[fi:Aerin]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple de hador/aerin]]

Aerin

2026-05-14T17:35:21Z

Elisa: History */ clarified that Aerin helped Morwen after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad

{{infobox character
| people=[[Edain|Adan]]
| name=Aerin
| image=Turner Mohan - Aerin.jpg
| caption="Aerin" by [[:Category:Images by Turner Mohan|Turner Mohan]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Lady Aerin, Indor’s daughter
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Dor-lómin]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{FA|496}} (suicide)
| deathlocation=Dor-lómin
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| parentage=[[Indor]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Brodda]]
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Aerin''', the daughter of [[Indor]],<ref>{{CH|12}}, p. 189</ref> was a [[House of Hador|kinswoman]] of [[Húrin]] in [[Dor-lómin]], taken as wife by [[Brodda|Brodda the Easterling]].

==History==
After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], [[Brodda]] the [[Easterlings|Easterling]] became the lord of [[Hithlum]], and took her as his wife against her will, hoping thus to produce an heir. Aerin secretly helped [[Húrin]]'s wife [[Morwen]] after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.<ref>{{CH|4}}, p. 69</ref>

When [[Túrin]], son of Húrin, returned to [[Dor-lómin]], he learned from Aerin that his mother had left Hithlum. In rage he killed Brodda, thereby also sealing Aerin's fate, who immolated herself alive in her [[Brodda's hall|hall]] to prevent further torment from other Easterlings. From then on, the remainder of the [[House of Hador]] were to be persecuted even more cruelly than before.<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref><ref>{{CH|12}}</ref>

==Etymology==
As [[Paul Strack]] points out, due the context in later [[legendarium]], the name should be [[Mannish]] Hadorian, but because its development in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s works, it could be [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-797072021.html|articlename=Ed. ''Aerin'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=31 May 2024}}</ref> If that was the case it would include the element ''[[aer]]'' ("ocean"). The ending perhaps is the same in the names of ''Húrin'' and ''Túrin''; in that case the name would mean "She who desires the Sea".

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | IND | |IND=[[Indor]] ''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree| BRO |~| AER | |BRO=[[Brodda]] ''d. {{FA|496}}''|AER='''AERIN''' ''d. {{FA|496}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===
This character already appears in the early version of the [[legendarium]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', with the [[Gnomish]] name '''''Airin'''''. She is described as "of the long hair", and she is also a kinswoman of [[Mavwin]] and wife of Brodda. Here he is not an Easterling, but it is said she had a horrible life by his side.<ref name="Turambar">{{LT2|II}}</ref>{{rp|91}}

When Mawvin decided to leave [[Hisilómë]] and go to [[Tinwelint]]'s realm, she asked Airin to put her daughter and properties under the care of Brodda. Airin conviced her husband of this without effort, but [[Nienóri]] refused to stay.<ref name="Turambar" />{{rp|93}}

She was not present when Turambar arrived at [[Brodda's hall]] and killed him. After the murder of Brodda and [[Orlin]], Airin appeared and stopped others from attacking Turambar. She was horrified by the crime, and Turambar did not dare to look upon her. Then she pronounced a public judgement, saying that Brodda was a bad lord and Turambar's wrath was just, but being a guest, killing his host was a terrible crime, as was killing Orlin of the same kind. Therefore she condemned Turambar to be disinherited and exiled for ever. Everyone there agreed with her, save Turambar, who asked to be killed right away. But the people there loved Airin and respected her, and Airin's secret wish to keep Túrin alive was fulfilled.<ref name="Turambar" />{{rp|89–91}}

She is given the Gnomish name '''''Faiglindra''''' ("long-tressed"); in [[Qenya]] '''''Firilanda'''''.<ref name="Turambar" />{{rp|93}}

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Aerin]]
[[fi:Aerin]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple de hador/aerin]]

Belegaer

2026-04-11T10:56:09Z

Elisa: The Great Water is one of the names of Belegaer

{{sources}}
{{location infobox
| name=Belegaer
| image=Ted Nasmith - The Sea.jpg
| caption="The Sea" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Alatairë'' ([[Quenya|Q]]), The Great Sea, Sundering Seas, Western Sea, The Great Water
| location=East of [[Aman]], west of [[Middle-earth]]
| type=Ocean
| description=
| regions=[[Bay of Balar]], [[Great Gulf]], [[Forochel]], [[Gulf of Lune]], [[Bay of Belfalas]]
| towns=
| inhabitants=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[War of Wrath]] & [[Downfall of Númenor]]
}}

{{quote|The Sea! Alas! I have not yet beheld it. But deep in the hearts of all my kindred lies the sea-longing, which it is perilous to stir. Alas! for the gulls. No peace shall I have again under beech or under elm.|[[Legolas]] in ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Last Debate]]"}}

'''Belegaer''', the '''Great Sea''', the '''Sundering Seas''', or the '''Western Sea''',<ref>Quite often also "the western sea" in small letters.</ref> was the sea of [[Arda]] that laid west of [[Middle-earth]].

==Geography==
Before the [[Second Age]], Belegaer stretched from the Gap of [[Ilmen]] in the far north, where a bridge of ice known as the [[Helcaraxë]] connected Middle-earth and [[Aman]], to the far south, where it also connected with Ilmen and froze, although no strait was formed there. Belegaer was narrower in the north than in the south, with its widest part near the equator of Arda. The continent of Aman, home of the [[Valar]], formed the western edge of Belegaer.

The full extent of Belegaer after the [[Downfall of Númenor]] is never made clear, but it reached far enough to the north to be ice-covered, and far to the south.

==History==
Before the ruin of [[Beleriand]] at the end of the [[First Age]], the sea was narrow and ice-filled in the north, forming the strait of Helcaraxë, the Grinding Ice. It was thus possible to cross from Aman to Middle-earth on foot, though with difficulty, as did [[Fingolfin]] and his people of the [[Noldor]] when [[Exile of the Noldor|fleeing]] [[Valinor]].

After the [[War of Wrath]], Belegaer was widened by the drowning of a large part of Middle-earth, (and possibly parts of Aman). The bridge of ice in the north was removed, removing land access to the western continent. During the [[Downfall of Númenor|Akallabêth]] in the Second Age, the seas were bent and the world was made round. Aman was removed from the world, Belegaer washed "new lands", and only the chosen could find the [[Straight Road]] to Valinor. The new western end of Belegaer is never described in the narrative, although there are indications that [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] refugees reached them in search for Valinor.[[File:Angelo Montanini - Belegaer.jpg|thumb|''Belegaer'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]

==Islands==
Belegaer had several islands and island chains:
*[[Tol Eressëa]], the Lonely Isle close to the shore of Aman
*the Twilit Isles or [[Enchanted Isles]] seaward of Tol Eressëa
*[[Númenor]] (Second Age only)
*the Western Isles (after the First Age)
**[[Tol Morwen]]
**[[Tol Fuin]]
**[[Himring]]
*[[Isle of Balar|Balar]], in the Bay of Balar (First Age only)
*[[Tolfalas]], in the Bay of Belfalas
*[[Ened]], in the Firth of Drengist

==Bays and inlets==
Other features of Belegaer:
*Bay of [[Eldamar]]
*[[Bay of Balar]] (First Age only)
*the [[Great Gulf]] (First Age only)
*[[Firth of Drengist]] (First Age only)
*Ice Bay of [[Forochel]] (after First Age)
*[[Gulf of Lune]] (after First Age)
*[[Bay of Belfalas]] (after First Age)

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Belegaer.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Belegaer'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Great Sea", from ''[[Beleg (word)|beleg]]'' ("mighty") + ''[[aer]]'' ("sea").<ref name="SilApp">{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''beleg'', ''eär''</ref> The [[Quenya]] name of Belegaer, never used in primary writing, is '''''Alatairë'''''.<ref name="etym">{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "[[AY]]", see also "[[AYA(R)]]"</ref>

==Inspiration==
Belegaer is comparable to the real [[wikipedia:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]], which was once known to English cartographers as the Great Western Ocean.<ref>"The English Atlantic, 1675–1740: An Exploration of Communication and Community" by Ian Kenneth Steele, Page 14</ref>

This is further reinforced by Henry Resnick quoting Tolkien as saying that "''Middle-earth is Europe''",<ref>[[Tolkien Journal]] II, 2 p. 1</ref> and [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] noting that "''Belegaer was comparable to the Atlantic''".<ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', p. 194</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Seas and oceans]]

[[de:Belegaer]]
[[fi:Belegaer]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:eaux:belegaer]]

2007

2026-04-02T11:48:28Z

Elisa: Removed a link

{{year-header}}
==January==
*'''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[Birthday Toast]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 203]]'' is published.

==February==
*'''[[2 February|2]]''' - The production of the video game ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The White Council]]'' is put on hold indefinitely; it would later be officially cancelled.

==March==
*'''[[1 March|1]]''' - ''[[The Company They Keep]]'' is published.
*'''[[1 March|1]]''' - [[Electronic Arts]] releases ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth Anthology|The Battle for Middle-earth Anthology]]''.
*'''[[9 March|9]]-[[11 March|11]]''' - The third "[[The One Ring Celebration]]" is held in [[wikipedia:Burbank, California|Burbank, California]].
*'''[[25 March|25]]''' - [[Tolkien Reading Day]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 204]]'' is published.
==April==
*'''[[15 April|15]]''' - ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 4]]'' is published.
*'''[[17 April|17]] - ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' is published'''.
*'''[[24 April|24]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'' is released.
*'''[[30 April|30]]''' - ''[[Roots and Branches]]'' is published.

==May==
*'''[[1 May|1]]''' - ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' Volume 1 is published.
*'''[[9 May|9]]''' - ''[[Quest for Middle-earth]]'' is published.
*'''[[15 May|15]]''' - Artist [[Angus McBride]] dies.
*'''[[16 May|16]]''' - The Deluxe Edition of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' is published.
*'''[[17 May|17]]''' - Actor [[Noel Appleby]] dies.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 205]]'' is published.

==June==
*'''[[4 June|4]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Official Stage Companion]]'' is published.
*'''[[12 June|12]]''' - The fan film ''[[The Peril to the Shire]]'' premieres to a private audience.
*'''[[14 June|14]]''' - The ninth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Shores of Evendim", is released.
*'''[[19 June|19]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings (musical)]]'' premieres at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane in London.
*'''[[26 June|26]]''' - ''[[Tree of Tales]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Vinyar Tengwar 49]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Inside Language]]'' is published.

==July==
*'''[[13 July|13]]-[[15 July|15]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]]
*'''[[27 July|27]]-[[29 July|29]]''' - [[MerpCon III]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'' 17 is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 206]]'' is published.
==August==
*'''[[3 August|3]]-[[6 August|6]]''' - [[Mythcon 38]].
*'''[[4 August|4]]''' - Author [[Timothy J. Wheeler]] dies.
*'''[[8 August|8]]-[[11 August|11]]''' - [[Omentielva|Omentielva Tatya]], the second international conference on Tolkien' s invented languages
*'''[[21 August|21]]''' - The tenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "The City of Kings", is released in North America.
*'''[[24 August|24]]''' - The tenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "The City of Kings", is released in Europe.
*'''[[25 August|25]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Australian Seminar 2007 in Sydney, [[Australia]].
*'''[[27 August|27]]''' - ''[[The Frodo Franchise]]'' is published.

==September==
*'''[[10 September|10]]''' - ''[[From Mind to Mind|"from mind to mind": Robert Browning and J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' is published.
*'''[[14 September|14]]-[[16 September|16]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2007]].
*'''[[21 September|21]]''' - ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' is published in the United States.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 207]]'' is published.

==October==
*'''[[1 October|1]]''' - The second and expanded edition of ''[[Tolkien On Fairy-stories]]'' is published.
*'''[[1 October|1]]''' – The redesigned slipcased edition of ''[[Mr. Bliss]]'' is published.
*'''[[5 October|5]]-[[7 October|7]]''' - ''Cair Andros'', a feast of the [[Ellinikós Sýllogos Philon Tólkin]] (or "The Prancing Pony").
*'''[[12 October|12]]-[[15 October|15]]''' - [[Ring*Con 2007]].
*'''[[24 October|24]]''' - The eleventh book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Prisoner of the Free Peoples" is released in North America.
*'''[[25 October|25]]''' - The eleventh book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Prisoner of the Free Peoples", is released in Europe.

==November==
*'''[[6 November|6]]''' - ''[[Essential Tolkien]]'' audiobook is released.
*'''[[15 November|15]]''' - ''[[Myth and Magic: Art according to the Inklings]]'' is published.
*'''[[19 November|19]]''' - ''[[The Children of Húrin Signed Limited Edition]]'' is published.
*'''[[20 November|20]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King - The Complete Recordings]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 208]]'' is published.
*? - The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game: Mordor is published

==December==
*'''[[1 December|1]]''' - ''[[Chesterton and Tolkien as Theologians]]'' is published.
*'''[[18 December|18]]''' - [[New Line Cinema]] and [[MGM]] announce the development of [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]].
{{years|2004|2005|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

2007

2026-04-02T11:47:05Z

Elisa: /* ? */

{{year-header}}
==January==
*'''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[Birthday Toast]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 203]]'' is published.

==February==
*'''[[2 February|2]]''' - The production of the video game ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The White Council]]'' is put on hold indefinitely; it would later be officially cancelled.

==March==
*'''[[1 March|1]]''' - ''[[The Company They Keep]]'' is published.
*'''[[1 March|1]]''' - [[Electronic Arts]] releases ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth Anthology|The Battle for Middle-earth Anthology]]''.
*'''[[9 March|9]]-[[11 March|11]]''' - The third "[[The One Ring Celebration]]" is held in [[wikipedia:Burbank, California|Burbank, California]].
*'''[[25 March|25]]''' - [[Tolkien Reading Day]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 204]]'' is published.
==April==
*'''[[15 April|15]]''' - ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 4]]'' is published.
*'''[[17 April|17]] - ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' is published'''.
*'''[[24 April|24]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'' is released.
*'''[[30 April|30]]''' - ''[[Roots and Branches]]'' is published.

==May==
*'''[[1 May|1]]''' - ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' Volume 1 is published.
*'''[[9 May|9]]''' - ''[[Quest for Middle-earth]]'' is published.
*'''[[15 May|15]]''' - Artist [[Angus McBride]] dies.
*'''[[16 May|16]]''' - The Deluxe Edition of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' is published.
*'''[[17 May|17]]''' - Actor [[Noel Appleby]] dies.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 205]]'' is published.

==June==
*'''[[4 June|4]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Official Stage Companion]]'' is published.
*'''[[12 June|12]]''' - The fan film ''[[The Peril to the Shire]]'' premieres to a private audience.
*'''[[14 June|14]]''' - The ninth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Shores of Evendim", is released.
*'''[[19 June|19]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings (musical)]]'' premieres at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane in London.
*'''[[26 June|26]]''' - ''[[Tree of Tales]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Vinyar Tengwar 49]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Inside Language]]'' is published.

==July==
*'''[[13 July|13]]-[[15 July|15]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]]
*'''[[27 July|27]]-[[29 July|29]]''' - [[MerpCon III]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'' 17 is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 206]]'' is published.
==August==
*'''[[3 August|3]]-[[6 August|6]]''' - [[Mythcon 38]].
*'''[[4 August|4]]''' - Author [[Timothy J. Wheeler]] dies.
*'''[[8 August|8]]-[[11 August|11]]''' - [[Omentielva|Omentielva Tatya]], the second international conference on Tolkien' s invented languages
*'''[[21 August|21]]''' - The tenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "The City of Kings", is released in North America.
*'''[[24 August|24]]''' - The tenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "The City of Kings", is released in Europe.
*'''[[25 August|25]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Australian Seminar 2007 in Sydney, [[Australia]].
*'''[[27 August|27]]''' - ''[[The Frodo Franchise]]'' is published.

==September==
*'''[[10 September|10]]''' - ''[[From Mind to Mind|"from mind to mind": Robert Browning and J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' is published.
*'''[[14 September|14]]-[[16 September|16]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2007]].
*'''[[21 September|21]]''' - ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' is published in the United States.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 207]]'' is published.

==October==
*'''[[1 October|1]]''' - The second and expanded edition of ''[[Tolkien On Fairy-stories]]'' is published.
*'''[[1 October|1]]''' – The redesigned slipcased edition of ''[[Mr. Bliss]]'' is published.
*'''[[5 October|5]]-[[7 October|7]]''' - ''Cair Andros'', a feast of the [[Ellinikós Sýllogos Philon Tólkin]] (or "The Prancing Pony").
*'''[[12 October|12]]-[[15 October|15]]''' - [[Ring*Con 2007]].
*'''[[24 October|24]]''' - The eleventh book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Prisoner of the Free Peoples" is released in North America.
*'''[[25 October|25]]''' - The eleventh book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Prisoner of the Free Peoples", is released in Europe.

==November==
*'''[[6 November|6]]''' - ''[[Essential Tolkien]]'' audiobook is released.
*'''[[15 November|15]]''' - ''[[Myth and Magic: Art according to the Inklings]]'' is published.
*'''[[19 November|19]]''' - ''[[The Children of Húrin Signed Limited Edition]]'' is published.
*'''[[20 November|20]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King - The Complete Recordings]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 208]]'' is published.
*? - [[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game: Mordor]] is published

==December==
*'''[[1 December|1]]''' - ''[[Chesterton and Tolkien as Theologians]]'' is published.
*'''[[18 December|18]]''' - [[New Line Cinema]] and [[MGM]] announce the development of [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]].
{{years|2004|2005|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

2007

2026-04-02T11:46:31Z

Elisa: /* November */

{{year-header}}
==January==
*'''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[Birthday Toast]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 203]]'' is published.

==February==
*'''[[2 February|2]]''' - The production of the video game ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The White Council]]'' is put on hold indefinitely; it would later be officially cancelled.

==March==
*'''[[1 March|1]]''' - ''[[The Company They Keep]]'' is published.
*'''[[1 March|1]]''' - [[Electronic Arts]] releases ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth Anthology|The Battle for Middle-earth Anthology]]''.
*'''[[9 March|9]]-[[11 March|11]]''' - The third "[[The One Ring Celebration]]" is held in [[wikipedia:Burbank, California|Burbank, California]].
*'''[[25 March|25]]''' - [[Tolkien Reading Day]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 204]]'' is published.
==April==
*'''[[15 April|15]]''' - ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 4]]'' is published.
*'''[[17 April|17]] - ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' is published'''.
*'''[[24 April|24]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'' is released.
*'''[[30 April|30]]''' - ''[[Roots and Branches]]'' is published.

==May==
*'''[[1 May|1]]''' - ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' Volume 1 is published.
*'''[[9 May|9]]''' - ''[[Quest for Middle-earth]]'' is published.
*'''[[15 May|15]]''' - Artist [[Angus McBride]] dies.
*'''[[16 May|16]]''' - The Deluxe Edition of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' is published.
*'''[[17 May|17]]''' - Actor [[Noel Appleby]] dies.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 205]]'' is published.

==June==
*'''[[4 June|4]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Official Stage Companion]]'' is published.
*'''[[12 June|12]]''' - The fan film ''[[The Peril to the Shire]]'' premieres to a private audience.
*'''[[14 June|14]]''' - The ninth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Shores of Evendim", is released.
*'''[[19 June|19]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings (musical)]]'' premieres at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane in London.
*'''[[26 June|26]]''' - ''[[Tree of Tales]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Vinyar Tengwar 49]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Inside Language]]'' is published.

==July==
*'''[[13 July|13]]-[[15 July|15]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]]
*'''[[27 July|27]]-[[29 July|29]]''' - [[MerpCon III]].
*'''?''' - ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'' 17 is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 206]]'' is published.
==August==
*'''[[3 August|3]]-[[6 August|6]]''' - [[Mythcon 38]].
*'''[[4 August|4]]''' - Author [[Timothy J. Wheeler]] dies.
*'''[[8 August|8]]-[[11 August|11]]''' - [[Omentielva|Omentielva Tatya]], the second international conference on Tolkien' s invented languages
*'''[[21 August|21]]''' - The tenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "The City of Kings", is released in North America.
*'''[[24 August|24]]''' - The tenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "The City of Kings", is released in Europe.
*'''[[25 August|25]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Australian Seminar 2007 in Sydney, [[Australia]].
*'''[[27 August|27]]''' - ''[[The Frodo Franchise]]'' is published.

==September==
*'''[[10 September|10]]''' - ''[[From Mind to Mind|"from mind to mind": Robert Browning and J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' is published.
*'''[[14 September|14]]-[[16 September|16]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2007]].
*'''[[21 September|21]]''' - ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' is published in the United States.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 207]]'' is published.

==October==
*'''[[1 October|1]]''' - The second and expanded edition of ''[[Tolkien On Fairy-stories]]'' is published.
*'''[[1 October|1]]''' – The redesigned slipcased edition of ''[[Mr. Bliss]]'' is published.
*'''[[5 October|5]]-[[7 October|7]]''' - ''Cair Andros'', a feast of the [[Ellinikós Sýllogos Philon Tólkin]] (or "The Prancing Pony").
*'''[[12 October|12]]-[[15 October|15]]''' - [[Ring*Con 2007]].
*'''[[24 October|24]]''' - The eleventh book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Prisoner of the Free Peoples" is released in North America.
*'''[[25 October|25]]''' - The eleventh book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', "Prisoner of the Free Peoples", is released in Europe.

==November==
*'''[[6 November|6]]''' - ''[[Essential Tolkien]]'' audiobook is released.
*'''[[15 November|15]]''' - ''[[Myth and Magic: Art according to the Inklings]]'' is published.
*'''[[19 November|19]]''' - ''[[The Children of Húrin Signed Limited Edition]]'' is published.
*'''[[20 November|20]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King - The Complete Recordings]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 208]]'' is published.
*? - [[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game: Mordor]] is published

==December==
*'''[[1 December|1]]''' - ''[[Chesterton and Tolkien as Theologians]]'' is published.
*'''[[18 December|18]]''' - [[New Line Cinema]] and [[MGM]] announce the development of [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]].

==?==
*'''?''' - ''[[Mordor (book)|The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game: Mordor]]'' is published.
{{years|2004|2005|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

1990

2026-04-02T11:39:29Z

Elisa: /* December */

{{year-header}}
==January==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 9]] is published.
*'''?''' - The collected issue of [[David T. Wenzel]]'s graphic novel ''[[The Hobbit (comic book)|The Hobbit]]'' is published.
==February==
*'''[[19 February|19]]''' - Actor [[Luke Pasqualino]] is born.
*'''?''' - ''[[C.S. Lewis: A Biography (1990 book)|C.S. Lewis: A Biography]]'' is published.

==March==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 10]] is published.
==May==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 11]] is published.
==July==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 12]] is published.
*'''[[10 July|10]]''' - [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen and Unwin]] is bought by [[HarperCollins]].

==August==
*'''[[3 August|3]]-[[6 August|6]]''' - [[Mythcon 21]].
*'''[[23 August|23]] - ''[[The War of the Ring]]'' is published in the UK.'''

==September==
*'''[[21 September|21]]-[[24 September|24]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 1990]].
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 13]] is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[A Tolkien Thesaurus]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - [[Mallorn 27|''Mallorn'' 27]] is published.

==November==
*'''[[1 November|1]]''' - [[Tolklang]] is founded by Julian C. Bradfield.
*'''[[2 November|2]]''' - [[Donald A. Wollheim]] dies.
*'''[[14 November|14]]''' - ''[[The War of the Ring]]'' is published in the US.
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 14]] is published.

==December==
*'''[[28 December|28]] -''' [[Ian McKellen]] officially receives the title of Knight Bachelor. Although the award formally dates back to 1991, the news became public and official in the last days of 1990.

==?==
*'''?''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Volume 1]]'' is published by [[Interplay Productions]].
*'''?''' - [[The Tolkien Calendar 1991]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[The 1991 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[Beyond Bree 1991 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[American Tolkien Society Calendar 1991]] is released.
*'''?''' - ''[[Tolkien Phraseology|Tolkien Phraseology: A Companion to A Tolkien Thesaurus]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Riders of Rohan (video game)|Riders of Rohan]]'', a video game, is released.
{{Years|1987|1988|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

1990

2026-04-02T11:39:10Z

Elisa: /* December */

{{year-header}}
==January==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 9]] is published.
*'''?''' - The collected issue of [[David T. Wenzel]]'s graphic novel ''[[The Hobbit (comic book)|The Hobbit]]'' is published.
==February==
*'''[[19 February|19]]''' - Actor [[Luke Pasqualino]] is born.
*'''?''' - ''[[C.S. Lewis: A Biography (1990 book)|C.S. Lewis: A Biography]]'' is published.

==March==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 10]] is published.
==May==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 11]] is published.
==July==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 12]] is published.
*'''[[10 July|10]]''' - [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen and Unwin]] is bought by [[HarperCollins]].

==August==
*'''[[3 August|3]]-[[6 August|6]]''' - [[Mythcon 21]].
*'''[[23 August|23]] - ''[[The War of the Ring]]'' is published in the UK.'''

==September==
*'''[[21 September|21]]-[[24 September|24]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 1990]].
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 13]] is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[A Tolkien Thesaurus]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - [[Mallorn 27|''Mallorn'' 27]] is published.

==November==
*'''[[1 November|1]]''' - [[Tolklang]] is founded by Julian C. Bradfield.
*'''[[2 November|2]]''' - [[Donald A. Wollheim]] dies.
*'''[[14 November|14]]''' - ''[[The War of the Ring]]'' is published in the US.
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 14]] is published.

==December==
*'''[[28 December|28]]''' [[Ian McKellen]] officially receives the title of Knight Bachelor. Although the award formally dates back to 1991, the news became public and official in the last days of 1990.

==?==
*'''?''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Volume 1]]'' is published by [[Interplay Productions]].
*'''?''' - [[The Tolkien Calendar 1991]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[The 1991 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[Beyond Bree 1991 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[American Tolkien Society Calendar 1991]] is released.
*'''?''' - ''[[Tolkien Phraseology|Tolkien Phraseology: A Companion to A Tolkien Thesaurus]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Riders of Rohan (video game)|Riders of Rohan]]'', a video game, is released.
{{Years|1987|1988|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

1990

2026-04-02T11:38:47Z

Elisa: Added insights on IanMcKellen's career

{{year-header}}
==January==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 9]] is published.
*'''?''' - The collected issue of [[David T. Wenzel]]'s graphic novel ''[[The Hobbit (comic book)|The Hobbit]]'' is published.
==February==
*'''[[19 February|19]]''' - Actor [[Luke Pasqualino]] is born.
*'''?''' - ''[[C.S. Lewis: A Biography (1990 book)|C.S. Lewis: A Biography]]'' is published.

==March==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 10]] is published.
==May==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 11]] is published.
==July==
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 12]] is published.
*'''[[10 July|10]]''' - [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen and Unwin]] is bought by [[HarperCollins]].

==August==
*'''[[3 August|3]]-[[6 August|6]]''' - [[Mythcon 21]].
*'''[[23 August|23]] - ''[[The War of the Ring]]'' is published in the UK.'''

==September==
*'''[[21 September|21]]-[[24 September|24]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 1990]].
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 13]] is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[A Tolkien Thesaurus]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - [[Mallorn 27|''Mallorn'' 27]] is published.

==November==
*'''[[1 November|1]]''' - [[Tolklang]] is founded by Julian C. Bradfield.
*'''[[2 November|2]]''' - [[Donald A. Wollheim]] dies.
*'''[[14 November|14]]''' - ''[[The War of the Ring]]'' is published in the US.
*'''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 14]] is published.

==December==
*'''[[28 December|28]]'''[[Ian McKellen]] officially receives the title of Knight Bachelor. Although the award formally dates back to 1991, the news became public and official in the last days of 1990.

==?==
*'''?''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Volume 1]]'' is published by [[Interplay Productions]].
*'''?''' - [[The Tolkien Calendar 1991]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[The 1991 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[Beyond Bree 1991 J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar]] is released.
*'''?''' - [[American Tolkien Society Calendar 1991]] is released.
*'''?''' - ''[[Tolkien Phraseology|Tolkien Phraseology: A Companion to A Tolkien Thesaurus]]'' is published.
*'''?''' - ''[[Riders of Rohan (video game)|Riders of Rohan]]'', a video game, is released.
{{Years|1987|1988|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

Baranduin

2026-03-30T12:30:24Z

Elisa: Wrote that one of the names for the Baranduin is "The Brown River"

{{location infobox
| name=Baranduin
| image=Jef Murray - Brandywine.jpg
| caption="Brandywine" by [[Jef Murray]]
| pronun={{respell|ba|ran|doo-een}}
| othernames=''Brandywine'', ''Branda-nîn'', ''Bralda-hîm'', ''The Brown River''
| location=[[Eriador]]
| type=River
| description=Long, golden-brown river
| regions=[[Buckland]], [[The Shire]], [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Minhiriath]]
| towns=
| inhabitants=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
{{quote|And no wonder they're queer, ... if they live on the wrong side of the Brandywine River, and right agin the Old Forest. That's a dark bad place, if half the tales be true.|[[Daddy Twofoot]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[A Long-expected Party]]"}}

The '''Baranduin''' was a river in [[Eriador]]. To the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]], the '''Brandywine''' (as they called it) was the boundary between the known and unknown, and even those who lived in [[Buckland]] on the immediate opposite shore were considered "peculiar".

==History==
[[Elendil]]'s [[Arnorians|people]] dwelt about the course of the Baranduin.<ref>{{s|Rings}}</ref>

After the realm of [[Arnor]] was broken up in {{TA|861}}, the river south of the [[Brandywine Bridge]] served as part of the border between [[Arthedain]] and [[Cardolan]].<ref>{{App|A1iii}}</ref>

When [[the Shire]] was founded, the river was its eastern border. In {{TA|2340}} [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]] crossed the river and founded [[Brandy Hall]], and Baranduin now separated the [[Eastfarthing]] from [[Buckland]].

[[Primula Brandybuck|Primula]] and [[Drogo Baggins]], parents of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], were lost along the river in a boating accident in {{TA|2980}}. As of {{TA|3018}}, [[Merry Brandybuck]] knew of no instances in which horses had crossed the river by swimming.

==Course==
Flowing out of [[Lake Evendim]] in northern [[Eriador]], the river flowed eastward for about 60 miles before turning generally southward; after about another 120 miles it flowed through the easternmost reaches of the Shire, forming that land's eastern border, except for [[Buckland]], which lies east of it. Its only major crossings in the Shire are the [[Brandywine Bridge]] (originally ''Bridge of Stonebows'') on the [[East Road]] and the [[Bucklebury Ferry]]. The [[Girdley Island]] is just above the Brandywine Bridge.

Skirting the [[Old Forest]] to the south, the river then looped south-westward, crossing an old road at [[Sarn Ford]] and flowed to the north of the depopulated region of [[Minhiriath]] before flowing into the [[Belegaer|Sea]] to the north of the forested region of [[Eryn Vorn]].

==Tributaries==
No tributares of the Baranduin are described except those near or in the Shire:
*[[The Water]] - central Shire, from the northwest
*The [[Stock-brook]] - arises in the Woody End
*River [[Shirebourn]] - rises in Green-Hill country, tributary is Thistle Brook
*[[Withywindle]] - from the Old Forest
*River [[Norbourn]] - in the [[Farthings|Northfarthing]]

==Etymology==
The name ''Baranduin'' was [[Sindarin]] for "golden-brown river", from ''[[baran (Sindarin)|baran]]'' and ''[[duin]]''.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, pp. 765-6</ref>

==Other names==
The [[Hobbits]] of the Shire originally gave it the punning name '''''Branda-nîn''''', meaning "border water" in original [[Hobbitish]] [[Westron]]. This was later punned again as ''[[Bralda-hîm]]'' meaning "heady ale" (referring to the colour of its water), which Tolkien renders into English as '''''Brandywine'''''.<ref name="AppF">{{App|F2}}</ref>

The word ''Brandywine'' both resembles the original Elvish name ''Baranduin'', and provides the Hobbitish meaning adequately.

The word ''[[Wiktionary:brandywine|brandywine]]'' was actually the archaic English word for [[Wikipedia:brandy|brandy]] as imported from the Dutch ''[[Wiktionary:brandewijn|brandewijn]]''. [[David Salo]] noted that it represents a possible [[Old English]] *''baernedwin'', meaning "burned wine", which would resemble quite closely the original Elvish ''Baranduin'',<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c35b63ee6a6c41e9862d6|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names (1.21)|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]|accessed=2022-09-23}}</ref> making [[Hobbitish]] ''Brandywine'' a legitimate corruption of S. ''Baranduin''.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Baranduin.jpg|thumb|250px|The source of Baranduin marked by an arnorian colossus in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The flow of Baranduin can be followed from its source through [[Sarn Ford]]. The river flows out of [[Lake Evendim]] at the "High King's Crossing", an [[Arnor]]ian stone bridge with a towering colossus statue. It is joined by river Núrsir flowing out from [[North Downs]] and passes through the sandy beaches of Barandalf before coming within the borders of [[the Shire]]. Above the [[Girdley Island]] it is joined the stream flowing out of the Lake Starmere in [[Bree-land]]. Past the [[Old Forest]], Baranduinflows through the in-game region of [[Cardolan]], with a series of rapids creating an impassable barrier at its borders.

{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Rivers]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Baranduin]]
[[fi:Baranduin]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:eaux:eriador:baranduin]]

Malach

2026-03-30T11:47:45Z

Elisa: Clarified that "Aradan" is a Sindarin name for Malach

{{infobox character
| people=[[Edain|Adan]]
| name=Malach
| image=Juliana Pinho - Sons of Marach.png
| caption="Sons of Marach" by [[:Category:Images by Juliana Pinho|Juliana Pinho]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Aradan'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=
| position=Head of the House of Hador
| location=
| affiliation=
| language=[[Mannish]] dialect
| birth={{FA|307}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{FA|376}} - {{FA|398|n}}
| death={{FA|398}}
| deathlocation=
| age=91
| notablefor=
| house=[[Folk of Marach]]
| parentage=[[Marach]]
| siblings=[[Imlach]]
| spouse=[[Zimrahin]] ''Meldis''
| children=''[[Adanel]]'' and [[Magor]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Malach Aradan''' was the son and heir of [[Marach]] of the Third House of the [[Edain]], and the ancestor of the [[House of Hador]] and its descendants.<ref name="Swest">{{S|West}}</ref>

==History==
Malach was born in {{FA|307}}, being the son of Marach and older brother of [[Imlach]].<ref name="Hador">{{WJ|West}}, ''Commentary, (ii) The House of Hador'', p. 234</ref> He had settled with his folk in [[Estolad]], with the people of [[Bëor]].

The kings of the [[Noldor]] welcomed the [[Edain]], and in response many young men took service with kings and lords of the [[Eldar]]. Malach himself left Estolad for [[Hithlum]], the realm of the Elven High-king [[Fingolfin]] of the [[Noldor]], where he spent fourteen years ({{FA|322}}-{{FA|336|n}}) with the [[Elves]], he learned to speak [[Sindarin]], and was given the name '''''Aradan'''''<ref name="Swest" /> (Sindarin for "Noble Man"<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>).

After his time in Hithlum, Aradan married [[Zimrahin]] in {{FA|337|n}} who later took the [[Sindarin]] name of ''[[Meldis]]''. Zimrahin Meldis bore Malach Aradan two children: the eldest child was an only daughter [[Adanel]] and the youngest child was an only son [[Magor]].<ref name="Hador" /> Aradan led many of the people of the Third House further west. Some (following Aradan's son, [[Magor]]) moved into the vales of the southern slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]].<ref name="Swest" />

He died in {{FA|398}}.<ref name="Hador" />

==Etymology==
''Malach'' is a [[taliska|mannish]] name of unknown meaning. ''Aradan'' was the name given to Malach in [[Hithlum]] when he went to serve the Kings of the [[Noldor]]. The name means "Noble Man" in [[Sindarin]], from ''[[ara]]-'' ("noble") and ''[[adan]]'' ("[[Edain|man]]").<ref name="Swest" />

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | MAR | | | |MAR=[[Marach]] ''{{FA|282}} - {{FA|376|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | ZIM |y| MAL | | IML | |ZIM=[[Zimrahin]] ''unknown''|MAL='''MALACH''' ''{{FA|307|n}} - {{FA|398|n}}''|IML=[[Imlach]] ''b. {{FA|310|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree| BEL |y| ADA | | MAG | | AML | |BEL=[[Belemir]] ''b. {{FA|339|n}}''|ADA=[[Adanel]] ''b. {{FA|339|n}}''|MAG=[[Magor]] ''b. {{FA|341|n}}''|AML=[[Amlach]] ''b. {{FA|337|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | BEN | | | | HAT | | | | | |BEN=[[Beren (son of Belemir)|Beren]] b. ''{{FA|374|n}}''|HAT=[[Hathol]] ''b. {{FA|365|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Originally it was [[Hador|Hador Lórindol]] who led the people of the third house of the Edain across the Ered Luin into Beleriand; when this was changed so that Marach became the earliest leader then Malach was added to the ancestors of Hador.<ref name="Hador" />

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| name=Malach
| race=edain
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| born={{FA|307}}
| died={{FA|398}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=
| prev=[[Marach]]
| list=2nd Head of the [[House of Hador]]
| dates={{FA|376}} - {{FA|398|n}}
| next=[[Magor]]
| nvac=
| nrow=
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Edain]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]

[[de:Malach]]
[[fi:Malach]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple de hador/malach]]

Manwë

2026-03-30T11:43:38Z

Elisa: I added, among the other names of Manwë, "The Elder King"

{{short description|Vicegerent of Eru}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Valar|Vala]]
| name=Manwë
| image=Anna Kulisz - Manwe.jpg
| caption="Manwe" by [[:Category:Images by Anna Kulisz|Anna Kulisz]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈmanwe]}}
| othernames=''Súlimo'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) ''[[Mānawenūz]]'' ([[Valarin|V]]) ''Aran Einior'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Amân'' ([[Adûnaic|A]]) ''The Elder King''
| titles=High King of Arda Lord of the Breath of Arda Vicegerent of Eru
| position=[[King of Arda]]
| location=[[Ilmarin]], [[Taniquetil]]
| affiliation=[[Eönwë]], [[Olórin]] and the [[Eagles]]
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=[[Morgoth]]
| spouse=[[Varda]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=Blue<ref name=s1/>
| clothing=Blue<ref name=s1/>
| weapons=[[Sword of Manwë|Sword]]<ref>{{WJ|Last}}, p. 246</ref><ref>{{AA|50}}, p. 75</ref>
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Elves and Men revere Manwë most of all the Valar, for he has no thought for his own honour, and is not jealous of his power, but ruleth all to peace. Behold, the raiment of Manwë is blue, and blue is the fire of his eyes, and his sceptre is of sapphire which the Noldor wrought for him; and he is King of the world of gods and elves and men, and the chief defence against Melkor.|''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', "[[Ainulindalë (Morgoth's Ring)|Ainulindalë]]"}}

'''Manwë Súlimo''' was the King of the [[Valar]], husband of [[Varda]] Elentári, brother of the [[Dark Lord]] [[Morgoth|Melkor]] (Morgoth), and '''High King of [[Arda]]'''. The winds, airs and birds were his servants. He was the greatest of the [[Ainur]] in authority, but not in power. The Lord of the Breath of Arda, he was appointed as its Ruler, hence his most common title, the '''Elder King'''.

==Attributes==
Manwë was the Ainu dearest to Eru, closest to his mind, and appointed his vicegerent on Earth. He was king, lord of Arda, and ruler of everything that dwells therein. His spouse is Varda, and they are seldom parted. His attributes are air and the winds, from the [[Veil of Arda]] to the small breezes. He also commands the birds.<ref name="vala" /> From the beginning, [[Ulmo]] has been his closest friend and ally. They come together when the vapors of the water become clouds high in the air. The two most faithfully served the purpose of Eru.<ref name="ai" />

He lived in [[Ilmarin|his halls]] atop Mount [[Taniquetil]], the highest mountain of the world. Together with Varda he could see farther than all other eyes. All things that flew in the light were his servants and brought him news from the farthest and deepest places of the world; save dark places in the deep that were Ulmo's domain<ref name="vala" /> or those hid by the black thought of powerful evil.

As the vicegerent of Eru on Earth, Manwë was a kind, compassionate ruler, unconcerned with his own power. Manwë dressed in blue robes and had blue eyes. He wielded a sceptre of sapphire made for him by the [[Noldor]]. The [[Vanyar]] were his favourite Elves, and they lived with him and Varda on Mount [[Oiolossë]], and he delighted in their songs and poetry.<ref name="s1">{{S|1}}</ref>

As every finite creature must have some weakness, Manwë's inherent fault was to become engrossed in amendment, healing, re-ordering — even ‘keeping the status quo’ — to the loss of all creative power and even to weakness in dealing with difficult and perilous situations. This applied to Manwë's dealings with Melkor, which were partly out of sheer fear of him, and partly out of desire to control him.<ref>{{MR|P5VI}}</ref>{{rp|522}}

==History==
In the thought of Ilúvatar, Manwë was the brother of Melkor, but dearest to Ilúvatar and the one that best understood the will of Eru.<ref name="vala">{{S|IIb}}</ref> When Melkor created the discord in the second [[Song of the Ainur]], Manwë took over leading the song, pondering about airs and winds.<ref name="ai">{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

Manwë along with [[Aulë]] and Ulmo were the chief architects of Arda, and when it was formed, he denied to surrender it to Melkor. Many [[spirits]], like Varda, came to his side from the deeps of [[Ea]].<ref name="ai" />

He did not understand evil, even in the form of his own brother. He released Melkor from [[Mandos]], thus allowing him to cause the distrust of [[Fëanor]], the [[Darkening of Valinor|Poisoning]] of the [[Two Trees]], the murder of [[Finwë]], the theft of the [[Silmarils]], and the [[Fall of the Noldor|revolt]] of the [[Noldor]].

To hearten the [[Eldar]], he had Aulë fashion the Sun and the Moon, for he knew the rising of the [[Atani]] was coming soon, and sent [[Thorondor]] and the [[Great Eagles]] to watch them.

After Morgoth's fall, Manwë cast him into the [[Void]]. In the [[Final Battle]], when Melkor escapes, it is said that the Elder King and the Dark Lord will battle on the Plains of [[Valinor]], but that they will not slay each other.

==Etymology==
''Manwë'' is intended to mean "Blessed One" in [[Quenya]], from [[root]] ''MAN'' plus the male ending ''[[-wë]]''. However it is said also to be a version of the [[Valarin]] name '''''Mānawenūz''''', which was the original [[Valarin]] name for Manwë. It meant "Blessed One, One (closest) in accord with Eru".<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}</ref>

==Other names==
'''''Súlimo''''' was a Quenya epithet meaning "Lord of the Breath of Arda",<ref name="vala" /> literally "Breather".<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref> The [[Sindarin]] form was probably ''Thû''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 124</ref>

He bore the title of '''Elder King''',<ref>{{S|24}}</ref> '''''Aran Einior''''' in [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 358</ref> Similar titles were '''High King of Arda'''<ref>{{S|9}}</ref> or '''King of Arda'''.<ref>{{S|2}}</ref><ref>{{S|7}}</ref>

In [[Adûnaic]], his name was '''''Amân'''''.<ref>{{SD|Drowning}}, p. 376</ref>

From the same root, ''[[The Etymologies]]'' give another epithet, ''Kalamando'' ("Light Mando"), being the light counterpart of ''[[Mandos|Morimando]]'' ("Dark Mando").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "MBAD"</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Manwë is referred to as ''Wolcenfréa'', consisting of ''wolcen'' ("sky, [[Wiktionary:welkin|welkin]]") + ''fréa'' ("ruler").<ref>{{SM|QA1}}, p. 208</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| MEL | | MAN |~| VAR | |MEL=[[Melkor]]|MAN='''MANWË'''|VAR=[[Varda]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early manuscript called "Valar name-list", Manwë has the additional [[Qenya]] names ''Taimo'' (masculine form of ''Taime'', "the sky") and ''Valtur'' ("King of the Valar").<ref>{{PE|14}}, p. 12</ref> Together with his wife, he was called '''''[[Wanwavoisi]]'''''.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Súlimo"</ref>

His [[Gnomish]] names were '''''Man''''' and '''''Manweg'''''.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Manwë"</ref>

==Inspiration==
Compared to real mythologies, Manwë represents possibly a [[Wikipedia:sky father|sky father]] like [[Wikipedia:Zeus|Zeus/Jupiter]] of the Greco-Roman mythology. Like Zeus, Manwë is both a [[Wikipedia:Sky deity|sky "deity"]] and a [[Wikipedia:King of the Gods|leader of his pantheon]] and is associated with the [[eagle]].

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}
{{Valar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manwe}}
[[Category:Aratar]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Qenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Aman]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Manwe]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/manwe]]
[[fi:Manwë]]

Arien

2026-03-13T13:36:55Z

Elisa: /* History */ Wrote that Arien was not hurt by Laurelin because she originally was a spirit of fire

{{infobox character
| people=[[Maiar|Maia]]
| name=Arien
| image=Lady Elleth - Arien.jpg
| caption="Arien" by [[:Category:Images by Lady Elleth|Lady Elleth]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈari.en]}}
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Guiding the [[Sun]]
| location=The [[Sun]]
| affiliation=[[Varda]], formally [[Estë]] and [[Vána]]
| language=
| birth=[[Creation of the Ainur]]
| birthlocation=[[Timeless Halls]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Too bright were the eyes of Arien for even the [[Eldar]] to look on, and leaving [[Valinor]] she forsook the form and raiment which like the [[Valar]] she had worn there, and she was as a naked flame, terrible in the fullness of her splendor.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]"}}

'''Arien''' ([[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈari.en]}}) was the [[Maiar|Maia]] who guided the [[Sun]].

==History==
Arien was originally a spirit of fire whom [[Morgoth|Melkor]] failed to corrupt.<ref name="S11" /> In the days of the [[Two Trees]], Arien was a [[Maia]] maiden who tended to the golden flowers in the gardens of [[Vána]]. She would water the flowers of Vána with dew gathered from the golden tree [[Laurelin]]<ref name="LR">{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 264-5</ref>, which didn’t hurt her due to her original nature as a spirit of fire.<ref name="S11" />

After the destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor by [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Laurelin]] managed to produce one last golden fruit before it died away. [[Aulë]] crafted a vessel to hold the golden fruit. Arien was chosen by the [[Valar]] to guide the vessel of the [[Sun]] above the airs of [[Arda]] to give light to the World; [[Tilion]], another Maia and one of Oromë's hunters, was chosen to steer the [[Moon]]. The Moon had already traversed the sky seven times before the Sun was finally ready. The first dawn of the Sun was like a great fire glowing upon the towers of the [[Pelóri Mountains]] of [[Aman]]. [[Morgoth]] was dismayed, and he descended into the uttermost pit of [[Angband]] and his servants withdrew. He sent up dark clouds of smoke to conceal his land from the light of the Sun.<ref name="S11">{{S|11}}</ref>

[[Tilion]] loved Arien and followed her through the night sky. When he occasionally caught up to her, his vessel became singed by her heat.<ref name="S11" />

==Etymology==
''Arien'' is [[Quenya]] for "Maiden of Sun".<ref name="Appendix">{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''arien''</ref> It is derived from the root ''as-'', seen also in ''[[Áre|árë]]'' ("sunlight"),<ref name="Appendix" /> and ''-[[ien]]'' (feminine suffix).

The [[Adûnaic]] name ''[[Ûrî]]'' refers to "The Lady of the Sun".<ref>{{SD|3vi}}, p. 426</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===
In the earliest writings, Arien's name was '''''Urwen''''' or '''''Urwendi''''', which translated in "Maiden of the Sunship". She was one of Vána's maidens who took care of the tree Laurelin; her task was to water it.<ref>{{LT1|III}}, p. 73</ref> When the [[Two Trees of Valinor]] were destroyed, she offered to steer the Ship of the Sun.<ref name="LT1Sun">{{LT1|VIII}}, p. 118</ref>

It was told that Urwendi and her maidens, before the rising of the Sun, entered into [[Fôs' Almir|Fôs Almir]] (Faskalan), a bath of flame that would make one pure.<ref name="LT1Sun" />

===Later versions===
In ''[[Myths Transformed]]'', which changed the timing of the Sun to have been primordial to Arda's inception, [[Melkor]] wanted to claim Arien as a wife,<ref name="Myths">{{MR|P5II}}</ref>{{rp|380–1}} but when she refused him, he attempted to ravish her.<ref name="Myths" />{{rp|405}} However, she released her spirit and burned Melkor leaving him ashen and grey. The Sun was then left without a guide and caused uneven seasons and periods of excessive heat or cold in [[Arda]].<ref name="Myths" />{{rp|381}} In an alternative version, Melkor assaulted her and tainted the light of the Sun, which caused Arien's (''Arie'' in this version) spirit to flee in anguish and wrath from the world. In other abandoned writings, she was a Maia of [[Varda]].<ref name="Myths">{{MR|P5II}}</ref>{{rp|380}}

{{references}}
{{ainur}}
{{cosmology}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Arien]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/arien]]
[[fi:Arien]]

Galadriel

2026-03-05T15:30:17Z

Elisa: Added a fact

{{short description|Lady of Lórien and Keeper of Nenya}}
{{disambig-more|Galadriel|[[Galadriel (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Noldor|Noldo]]
| name=Galadriel
| script={{tg|}}
| image=Matt Stewart - Galadriel.jpg
| caption="Galadriel" by [[:Category:Images by Matt Stewart|Matt Stewart]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ɡaˈladri.el]}}
| othernames=''Artanis'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) ''Nerwen'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) ''Alatáriel'' ([[Telerin|T]], [[epessë|an]])
| titles=[[Lady of Lórien]], Lady of the Wood, Lady of the [[Galadhrim]], Mistress of Magic<ref>Called thus by [[Faramir (son of Denethor II)|Faramir]] ({{TT|Window}}).</ref>
| position=
| location=[[Eldamar]] [[Doriath]] [[Nargothrond]] [[Harlindon]] [[Eregion]] [[Imladris]] [[Belfalas]] [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=[[White Council]]
| language=[[Quenya]] [[Sindarin]] [[Westron]] [[Silvan Elvish]] Probably [[Telerin]] and [[Vanyarin]]<ref group=note>It is never explicitly told she knew these two languages, but it is not unreasonable to assume that, given her [[Vanyar]]in and [[Teleri]]n ancestry.</ref>
| birth={{YT|1362}}
| birthlocation=[[Eldamar]]
| rule={{TA|1981}} - {{TA|3021|n}}
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=c. 8,374 years<ref group="note">[[Years of the Sun]]. Each [[Years of the Trees|Year of the Trees]] is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the [[Year of the Trees 1500|year 1500]].</ref>
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] and [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Finrod]] [[Angrod]] [[Aegnor]]
| spouse=[[Celeborn]]
| children=[[Celebrían]]
| gender=Female
| height=6 feet, 4 inches (193 cm)<ref>{{UT|Measures}}</ref>
| hair=Radiant gold touched with silver ''(see [[Hair of Galadriel]])''
| eyes=
| clothing=White robes
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Very tall [Galadriel and Celeborn] were, and the Lady no less tall than the Lord; and they were grave and beautiful. They were clad wholly in white; and the hair of the Lady was of deep gold… but no sign of age was upon them, unless it were in the depths of their eyes; for these were keen as lances in the starlight, and yet profound, the wells of deep memory.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]"}}
'''Galadriel''' was a [[Noldor]]in Lady who witnessed [[Middle-earth]] during the Three [[Ages]].

Galadriel was born in [[Aman]] as one of the [[Noldor]]. She was the daughter of [[Finarfin]] and [[Eärwen]] as well as younger sister to [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] (later [[King of Nargothrond]]), [[Angrod]], and [[Aegnor]]. She took part in the [[Exile of the Noldor]], following [[Fëanor]] in his rebellion. However, she opposed the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]] and crossed the [[Helcaraxë]] with the rest of [[Fingolfin]]'s followers. After arriving in [[Beleriand]], she lived mainly in [[Doriath]], where she befriended [[Melian]]. Later, with her husband [[Celeborn]], she ruled over the [[Silvan Elves|woodland Elves]] of [[Lothlórien]], and together they had a daughter, [[Celebrían]], who married [[Elrond]].

She is described as "the mightiest and fairest of all the Elves that remained in [[Middle-earth]]",<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> and the "greatest of Elven women".<ref>{{App|B1}}, p. 1082</ref> Throughout the Third Age it was unknown who wielded the [[Three Rings]],<ref name="Third">{{App|TA}}, pp. 1085-8</ref> but during the [[War of the Ring]], Galadriel revealed to [[Frodo Baggins]] that she was the bearer of [[Nenya]].<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref>{{rp|365}} After the War, she returned to the [[Uttermost West]].

==History==
===Elder Days===
====Life in Aman====
{{Seealso|#Other versions of the legendarium|l1=Other versions of the legendarium}}
Galadriel was born in [[Eldamar]] in the [[Year of the Trees 1362]].<ref>{{MR|P2l}}, p. 106</ref> She was the fourth child of [[Finarfin]], prince of the [[Noldor]], who named her '''''Artanis'''''.<ref name="Finwe">{{PM|Finwe}}, pp. 346-7</ref> Her mother was [[Eärwen]], princess of the [[Falathrim|Teleri]], who named her '''''Nerwen''''' ("Man-maiden"). Galadriel grew beautiful and tall, even for the women of the Noldor, being strong of body, will, and mind, "a match for both the [[loremasters]] and the athletes of the [[Eldar]] in the days of their youth."<ref name="Case">{{PM|Case}}, pp. 337-8</ref>
[[File:Marya Filatova - Galadriel.jpg|left|thumb|''Galadriel'' by [[Marya Filatova]]]]
Indeed, "she was then of Amazon disposition and bound up her hair as a crown when taking part in athletic feats". This custom was the origin of her [[Sindarin]] [[Epessë|name]] '''''Galadriel''''' ("Maiden crowned with gleaming hair"),<ref name="Amazon">{{L|348}}, p. 428</ref> which was given to (and accepted by) her much later, in [[Beleriand]].<ref>{{NM|P3xvi}}, p. 352, note 8</ref> The gleaming of her hair was not a mere poetic reference: [[Hair of Galadriel|her hair]] was held a marvel unmatched. It mingled and surpassed the gold hair of her father and the starlike silver of her mother, so the Eldar said that both [[light]]s of the [[Two Trees]] were captured in her tresses. It was also said that this first gave the idea to her uncle [[Fëanor]] of capturing the merged light of the Trees, which would result in the making of the [[Silmarils]]. He asked her three times for one of her tresses, but she always refused. Fëanor and Galadriel were always unfriends, both being the greatest Eldar in Valinor; and if Fëanor was greater than she, she was wiser, and her wisdom grew with the long years. For she also had an outstanding gift to see into the minds of others, and, though she judged most with kindness, she hated and feared the darkness in Fëanor, not perceiving that the shadow of the same evil had fallen upon the minds of all the Noldor, including her own.<ref name="Case" />

There was still bliss in Valinor when she was born, but soon she was influenced by the [[Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor|unrest of the Noldor]] and lost her inner peace ever after. She was proud, like most of the [[House of Finwë]], and like her closest brother [[Finrod]], "she had dreams of far lands and dominions that might be her own to order as she would without tutelage". But deep in herself, she had the noble spirit of the [[Vanyar]], which did not allow her to forget the reverence for the [[Valar]].<ref name="Case" />

During the [[Darkening of Valinor]] and the rebellion of Fëanor, Galadriel was the only woman of the Noldor who stood among the rising princes. She swore no [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]], but the [[Speech of Fëanor|words of Fëanor]] concerning [[Middle-earth]] kindled a desire in her heart, as she was eager to see those wide unguarded lands and rule a realm of her own.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref> Like the rest of the [[House of Finarfin]], she was also supportive of the [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] by the desire to aid their [[Sindar]]in relatives in Middle-earth.<ref name="Case" />

Even though she was one of the leaders in this revolt,<ref name="RGEO">{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 60</ref> during the troubles that followed she fought fiercely against Fëanor by defending her mother's kin during the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]] and the rape of the ships. Afterwards, she even desired to follow Fëanor to disturb him in all the ways that she could, but nothing could have moved her to return since she had begun her way to exile, as her pride was strong then as it was thereafter.<ref name="Case" /> She kept moving forward even under the [[Doom of Mandos]], when her father Finarfin abandoned the march and returned to Valinor, and even when Fëanor left behind the hosts of Fingolfin and the children of Finarfin. Then she, along with Finrod and [[Fingolfin]] and his sons, led her people into the bitter North and crossed the terrors of [[Helcaraxë]]. After many losses, they arrived on the northern shores of the [[Outer Lands]].<ref name="Flight" /><ref group="note">The nature of Galadriel's exile (if she was innocent or guilty of pride) and the subsequent idea of a ban upon her return were not defined in Tolkien's first conceptions of Galadriel, so she being a rebel exile was a later reinterpretation. He would also change his mind about it, but for this article we chose this version for having the most complete narratives. For a more complete account of this matter, see the entire ''[[#Other versions of the legendarium]]''.</ref>

====Arrival to Middle-earth====
[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|thumb|''Love at First Sight'' by [[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]]]]
Once in [[Beleriand]], those of the House of Finarfin were eager to enter [[Doriath]], but King [[Elu Thingol]] received the Noldor coldly, and only allowed entrance to those invited by him after some inquiries.<ref name="Return">{{S|13}}</ref> Finally in {{FA|52}},<ref>{{GA|74}}</ref> Finrod and Galadriel became long guests in Doriath, but her brother eventually departed to the [[Caverns of Narog]] to establish the stronghold of [[Nargothrond]]. Galadriel did not go with him, and remained in Doriath with [[Celeborn]], a kinsman of Thingol, as there was great love between them.<ref name="Noldor">{{S|15}}</ref> Despite their love, they did not marry each other, following the [[Elven life cycle|custom among the Eldar]] of avoiding marriage and child-bearing during the war,<ref name="Scales">{{NM|P1ix}}, pp. 65-6</ref> but they were eventually betrothed till the war ended.<ref name="Ages">{{NM|P1xviii}}, p. 149</ref> Meanwhile, she dwelt with Queen [[Melian]], from whom she learned much of the wisdom of Middle-earth.<ref name="Return" />

The Western Corn necessary to make [[lembas]] had been lost in Beleriand until the Noldor brought new grain back, and it flourished by the grace of the Valar. Galadriel was one of the main inheritors of it and of the art of the making of lembas.<ref>{{NM|P3iv}}, p. 296</ref> It is safe to assume Melian benefited from this.

Years passed in Doriath, and Galadriel became dear to Melian, and they spoke often to one another about Valinor. Melian was eager to learn the causes of the [[Exile of the Noldor]], but Galadriel would tell her nothing of what occurred after the death of the Trees. In the year {{FA|66|n}},<ref>{{GA|91}}</ref> Melian asked her directly about this, and Galadriel revealed the story of the [[Silmarils]] and how the Noldor fled from Aman against the will of the Valar, though she still left out the Oath of Fëanor, the Kinslaying, and the burning of the Ships at [[Losgar]]. Melian was able to discern a darkness that was left unsaid, but Galadriel refused to tell her more. Thus, Thingol became concerned regarding the Noldor, and he was informed soon afterwards of the Noldor's dark deeds in Aman, and it chanced that the children of Finarfin were visiting Galadriel in Doriath. Egged on by his accusing words, [[Angrod]] told everything, and Galadriel's brothers departed heavy-hearted.<ref name="Noldor" />
[[File:Ten Thousand Leaves - Galadriel and Melian.jpeg|thumb|left|''Galadriel and Melian'' by [[:Category:Images by Ten Thousand Leaves|Ten Thousand Leaves]]]]
Despite all this, Galadriel stayed in Doriath until {{FA|102|n}},<ref name="Nargothrond">{{GA|108}}</ref> when the kingdom of [[Nargothrond]] was finished and a feast was held for all the children of Finarfin. She dwelt for a while in Nargothrond, and in this time she asked Finrod why he remained unmarried. Her brother answered with dark [[foresight]]s about his kingdom.<ref name="Noldor" /> Back in Doriath, in {{FA|420|n}},<ref>{{GA|129}}</ref> Galadriel heard another foretelling, as Melian told her about [[Beren|a Man]] who shall cross into Doriath moved by a doom greater than the [[Girdle of Melian]].<ref>{{S|17}}</ref>

Galadriel did not have any significant role in the general course of events in the [[Battles of Beleriand|War of the Jewels]], but she might have been well informed of the deaths of her brothers [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]] during the [[Dagor Bragollach]]; and of Finrod's, while he was held in captivity by [[Sauron]] in the year {{FA|465|n}}.<ref>{{GA|§198-199}}</ref> At some point before the [[Fall of Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495|n}},<ref>{{GA|275}}</ref> she and Celeborn passed over [[Blue Mountains|the mountains]]<ref name="Mirror" />{{rp|357}} to [[Eriador]], far from the turmoil of the last years of the [[First Age]].

After the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the [[First Age]], [[Eönwë]], herald of [[Manwë]], summoned the [[Elves of Beleriand]] to the West, so they were received in [[Tol Eressëa]] and under the pardon of the Valar. However, some did not wish to leave Middle-earth, such as Celeborn.<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref> Being one of the chief leaders of the Noldorin rebellion, Galadriel was not allowed to return<ref name="L|297">{{L|297}}, p. 386</ref> and a ban was set upon her, to which she replied that she had no wish to do so.<ref name="RGEO" /> The same pride that led her out of Aman still moved her, and she rejected the pardon of the Valar,<ref name="Case" /> for as she had once lived in Aman itself, Eressëa seemed only a "second best". She was also moved by love for Celeborn, to whom she probably married around this time.<ref name="Scales" /><ref group="note">The marriage of Galadriel and Celeborn, as well as when they crossed over the mountains, was not well defined by Tolkien. See ''[[#Unsolved contradictions]]''.</ref>

===Second Age===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Galadriel and Celeborn at Lake Evendim.jpg|thumb|''Galadriel and Celeborn at Lake Evendim'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
At the beginning of the Second Age, Celeborn and Galadriel dwelt for a time in [[Lindon]], south of the [[Lune]], while [[Gil-galad]] ruled in the north.<ref name="Second">{{App|B1}}, pp. 1082-4</ref> Both left Lindon before the years 10-20, when [[Gil-galad]] became king in that land, apparently thanks to her influence.<ref>{{NM|P1xi}}, p. 81</ref> They entered [[Eriador]] and dwelt for a while around [[Lake Nenuial]], being followed by many Noldor, [[Grey-elves]] and [[Green-elves]]. They were considered the Lord and Lady of the Eldar in Eriador.<ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>{{rp|234}} Probably around {{SA|300}},<ref group="note">The birth-year of Celebrían was not well defined by Tolkien. See ''[[#Unsolved contradictions]]''.</ref> Galadriel and Celeborn had a daughter: [[Celebrían]].<ref name="Scales" />

Circa the year {{SA|500|n}}, [[Sauron]] began to stir in Middle-earth again,<ref name="Second" /> but his name was not known. He was, however, perceived by Galadriel, who noticed there was a controlling evil, and that it was spreading above the world, coming from the East beyond the [[Misty Mountains]]. She also thought this 'residue of evil' could only be fought with an alliance of all its enemies. Therefore, she and Celeborn moved eastwards and got established in the realm of [[Eregion]] near [[Khazad-dûm]].<ref group="note">In the source used here, Galadriel and Celeborn are described as the first founders of Eregion, but later sources mention Celebrimbor as founder and lord of Eregion before their coming. See ''[[#Unsolved contradictions]]''.</ref> Celeborn was not fond of [[Dwarves]], but she saw the importance of getting close to them, for she saw military interests even with them. Also, she was a Noldo, and therefore close to them in mind and in the passion for crafts; and in Valinor she had learned from [[Yavanna]] and [[Aulë]], the creator of the Dwarves himself.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|235}}

Some Noldor were also interested in establishing a realm near Khazad-dûm because they knew [[mithril]] had been discovered there. Therefore, many Elven-smiths came to Eregion and created good relations with the Dwarves. [[Celebrimbor]], a descendant of [[Fëanor]] (and therefore a distant cousin of Galadriel), was the greatest of the craft-men and the Lord of Eregion.<ref name="Second" /> He was its main builder and in {{SA|750|n}} [[Ost-in-Edhil]], the main city of the realm, was begun. The power of Galadriel and Celeborn also grew: thanks to the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm, they had contact with the [[Nandor]]in realm of [[Lórinand]], on the other side of the Misty Mountains. Thanks to Galadriel's influence upon Lórinand, Sauron's machinations there were fruitless.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|236}} She also got in contact with [[Númenor]], having a meeting with King [[Aldarion]] when he came to [[Tharbad]] around {{SA|883|n}}-884.<ref>{{UT|4}}, ''The further course of the narrative'', pp. 205-6</ref>
[[File:Alan Lee - Galadriel in Moria.jpg|thumb|''Galadriel in Moria'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
About the year {{SA|1200|n}}, Sauron came in disguise to Eriador, but he was only welcomed in Eregion by Celebrimbor and the Elven-smiths, who were interested in his advice on craftsmanship.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|236}} Galadriel was not deceived, and rejected him, saying that he was not in the training of Aulë as he claimed.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, "Notes", p. 254, note 7</ref> "''He perceived at once that Galadriel would be his chief adversary and obstacle, and he endeavoured therefore to placate her, bearing her scorn with outward patience and courtesy''". At the same time, without her knowledge, Sauron influenced Celebrimbor and his [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] against Galadriel and Celeborn. Finally, he moved them to expell Galadriel from Eregion at some time between {{SA|1350|n}} and 1400.<ref group="note">As in the previous note, the source used here presents Celebrimbor as a subordinate of Galadriel and Celeborn, so in this episode he leads a coup against them.</ref> Thus, Galadriel and Celebrían left through Khazad-dûm to Lórinand, although Celeborn would not enter the Dwarvish realm and remained in Eregion.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|237}}

When Sauron made [[the One Ring]] in {{SA|1600}}, his treachery was discovered by Celebrimbor.<ref name="Second" /> The elven-smith came to Lórinand, seeking counsel from Galadriel. They did not find the strength to destroy the [[Rings of Power]], but she advised him to hide the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves where Sauron could not find them. Therefore he gave her [[Nenya]], the White Ring, and the other Rings were given to other Elven lords.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|237}} This was done in {{SA|1693|n}}, the same year Sauron began [[War of the Elves and Sauron|the war against the Elves]].<ref name="Second" />

With the invasion of Eriador, [[Sack of Eregion|Eregion was destroyed]] and Celebrimbor killed. Despite using torture, Sauron could not learn from him where the Elven Rings were, although he suspected they were kept by Galadriel and Gil-galad.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|238}} But thanks to the military intervention of [[Númenor]], Sauron was defeated in {{SA|1700|n}}.<ref name="Second" /> Soon afterwards, Galadriel was affected by [[sea-longing]], and she decided to leave Lórinand and dwell beside the sea.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|240}} As one of the [[High-elves]], her yearning for the sea was unavoidable, and now she became burdened with the desire to cross to the Blessed Realm, but the ban upon her impeded it.<ref name="RGEO" /> Thus she did not go to the sea yet, but crossed west of the mountains through Khazad-dûm with Celebrían. Seeking Celeborn, they travelled to [[Imladris]], a refuge created by [[Elrond]] during the war. Once there, a [[White Council|Council]] was held, in which it was decided that Imladris would be the Elvish stronghold in the East, rather than the desolate Eregion.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|239–40}}

Galadriel, Celeborn and Celebrían dwelt a long time in Imladris, but at some point they left and moved near the sea, to [[Belfalas]], at the place later known as [[Dol Amroth]]. There were few inhabitants there, but they were visited by Nandorin parties.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|238}} Apparently, they returned to Lórien twice before the [[Last Alliance]] and the end of the Second Age,<ref name="Amroth">{{UT|Amroth}}, pp. 243-5</ref> but of their whereabouts during the final millennia of that Age nothing else is known.

===Third Age===
====Rule in Lórien====
In early [[Third Age]], in the year {{TA|109|n}}, Galadriel and Celeborn's daughter [[Celebrían]] wedded [[Elrond]] the [[Half-elven]].<ref name="Third" /> But they did not stay at first with her, for Galadriel was filled with [[Foresight|foreboding]], and was concerned about the growing shadow in [[Mirkwood]] and [[Dol Guldur]]. Therefore she and Celeborn made long journeys investigating [[Rhovanion]], going from [[Gondor]] and the borders of [[Mordor]] to [[Thranduil]] in the north. They also stayed a long time in Lórien with king [[Amroth]], for Galadriel saw with her wisdom that this prosperous realm could be a stronghold against the growing Shadow, if it had better rule.<ref name="Amroth" /> At this point, the [[Istari]] arrived in Middle-earth, and only Galadriel, Elrond and [[Círdan]] knew [[Valinor|where]] they came from.<ref name="Rings" /> Around the year {{TA|1100|n}}, the [[Wise]] (including Galadriel as one the chief Eldar) were well aware of the evil dwelling in Dol Guldur, but thought it was one of the [[Nazgûl]].<ref name="Third" />

After their enquiries, Galadriel and Celeborn passed over the mountains to Imladris, and there dwelt for many years with their kin.<ref name="Amroth" />

Between the years {{TA|1980}}-{{TA|1981|n}}, [[Durin's Bane|a terror]] appeared in Khazad-dûm and the Dwarves abandoned the realm, while the many Silvan Elves from Lórien had to flee south.<ref name="Third" /> To make things worse, Amroth was lost, leaving no heir, and the Elven realm was left without a ruler. Therefore Celeborn and Galadriel went there, welcomed by the people, and took up the rule jointly, but refused to take the [[King of Lórien|royal title]] and were called the [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]]. Saving the realm from the perils of the moment, they dwelt and ruled permanently there.<ref name="Amroth" />

As the shadow of Dol Guldur grew again, the [[White Council]] was formed in {{TA|2463|n}}.<ref name="Third" /> It was summoned by Galadriel,<ref>{{FR|II7}}, p. 357</ref> who, being a good friend of [[Gandalf]], recommended that he be made head of the Council. But this distinction fell instead to [[Saruman]].<ref name="Rings" />

In {{TA|2510|n}}, her daughter Celebrían departed to the West after being wounded by Orcs.<ref name="Third" /> The same year, she aided [[Eorl]] and his [[Rohirrim|riders]] in the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], creating a white mist that drove out the shadows from Dol Guldur.<ref>{{UT|8b}}, pp. 298-9</ref>

The White Council would not take action until Gandalf discovered that the shadow growing in Dol Guldur was [[Sauron]]. After deliberating, the Council joined forces and drove Sauron out of Dol Guldur in {{TA|2941|n}}.<ref name="Third" />

Some years later, [[Aragorn]] entered Lothlórien after many travels, and was admitted by Galadriel. She bade him change his worn-out clothes and dressed him like a proper prince. At that time, Aragorn became betrothed to her granddaughter [[Arwen]].<ref>{{App|A1v}}, p. 1060</ref>

====War of the Ring====
[[File:Ralph Damiani - The Trial.png|thumb|right|''The Trial'' by [[:Category:Images by Ralph Damiani|Ralph Damiani]]]]
Galadriel and Celeborn were well informed about the [[Company of the Ring]], its members and their mission, before its coming to Lothlórien, perhaps informed by messages from Rivendell.<ref>{{FR|II6}}, p. 350</ref> In the evening of [[17 January]] of {{TA|3019}}, the Company arrived at [[Caras Galadhon]].<ref name="Great">{{App|B3}}, pp. 1092-4</ref> Coming to the [[talan]] of the Lady and Lord, each member was greeted by name by Celeborn. Noticing that Gandalf was missing, Galadriel asked where he was, for she wished to speak with him. Hearing that they had encountered [[Durin's Bane]] and that this was in fact a [[Balrog]] from ancient times, Celeborn criticized the passing of the Company through Moria. However, Galadriel was more sympathetic, especially towards [[Gimli]], who bowed to her in respect. Before inviting the members of the Company to rest and heal there, she looked deep into their eyes and they all felt their hearts exposed.<ref name="Mirror" />{{rp|354–7}}

A month later, in [[15 February]],<ref name="Great" /> [[Frodo Baggins]] the [[Ringbearer|bearer of the One Ring]], was walking in the evening with [[Sam]] when they encountered Galadriel. She led them to an enclosed garden and showed them a silver basin. Filling it with water, a [[Mirror of Galadriel|Mirror]] was formed, which allowed them to see things that were and that might come. Frodo saw the [[Eye of Sauron]], and she explained that she knew well Frodo's mind, for Sauron also tried to look into hers. She also [[Keepers of the Three Rings|kept]] a [[Ring of Power]], and showing him [[Nenya]], the Ring of Adamant, she explained that its power would disappear once Frodo destroyed the One, and Lórien would fade. Then Frodo offered the One Ring to her, and she laughed in response, saying: "''I do not deny that my heart has greatly desired to ask what you offer.''" Then she began to ponder how powerful she would become with the Ring's power, and from Nenya came a great light that covered her overwhelming height. But the light faded and she laughed again, saying: "''I pass the test. I will diminish, and go into the West, and remain Galadriel''."<ref name="Mirror" />{{rp|360–6}} Indeed, with this rejection of temptation and her long opposition against Sauron, the ban upon her return to Aman was finally lifted.<ref name="RGEO" />

That night, the Lord and Lady summoned the Company and spoke of their departure, which was appointed for the following morning. The next day, she sent the Fellowship off on their Quest, furnished with [[Gifts of Galadriel|gifts]] for all the members, including [[lembas]] and [[Elven cloaks]]. Later, a farewell party was held, which the Lord and Lady attended in a [[Swan-ships|swan boat]]; from it, Galadriel sang a [[Galadriel's Song|song]] about [[Eldamar]]. After everyone ate and drank, she proceed to give [[Gifts of Galadriel|specific gifts]] to each member.<ref name="Farewell">{{FR|II8}}, pp. 367-78</ref>

Among the gifts was the [[Elfstone]], which she gave to Aragorn from Arwen "''as a token of hope''".<ref name="Farewell" /> The jewel was also in part a bridal gift and a token of the future wedding of Arwen and Aragorn, done following the [[Elven customs|Noldorin custom]] in which the bride's mother should give to the bridegroom a jewel (Arwen's mother Celebrían had departed long ago, so Galadriel did it in her place).<ref>{{MR|P3II3}}, p. 211</ref> Galadriel stated she was unsure as to what to give Gimli, and asked what he wanted. After complimenting her beauty, he requested a single strand of [[Hair of Galadriel|her hair]]. Instead, she rewarded him with three strands, which he promised to put into an imperishable crystal in memory of her. Gimli's gift actually consists of what Galadriel had denied to Fëanor. And last, to Frodo, she gave a [[Phial of Galadriel|a small crystal phial]] specially prepared by her, which contained the [[Light of Valinor|light]] of the [[star of Eärendil]].<ref name="Farewell" />

The Company saw her one last time while sailing down to the [[Anduin]]: a shining figure, all clad in white, raising her arms, and Frodo was able to hear her clearly reciting [[Namárië|a long poem in Elvish]] despite the distance.<ref name="Farewell" />

On [[17 February|the following day]], a resurrected Gandalf was brought to Lórien by [[Gwaihir]],<ref name="Great" /> who was sent by Galadriel. He was received in Caras Galadhon, and was healed and clothed in white. He also took and gave counsel. Before he left, Galadriel gave him [[Galadriel's messages|some prophetic messages]] for Aragorn, [[Legolas]] and Gimli.<ref>{{TT|III5}}, pp. 502-3</ref>

The land of Lórien was not exempt from the battles of the [[War of the Ring]]: between [[11 March|11]] and [[18 March]], the [[Galadhrim]] suffered [[assaults on Lothlórien|three assaults]] from Dol Guldur.<ref name="Great" /> After the [[Fall of Barad-dûr]], Celeborn crossed the Anduin with a host and began the [[Fall of Dol Guldur|destruction of Dol Guldur]].<ref name="Chief">{{App|B4}}, pp. 1095-6</ref> Soon afterward, Galadriel threw down the walls of the fortress and opened its pits.<ref name="Great" />

====Later history====
[[File:Victoria Clare - On the Road to the Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|''On the Road to the Grey Havens'' by [[:Category:Images by Victoria Clare|Victoria Clare]]]]
Galadriel, Celeborn and their company attended the wedding of Aragorn and Arwen. Soon afterward they joined the crowded funeral riding of King [[Théoden]] to [[Rohan]]. After the funerals in the [[Golden Hall]], they continued their travel northwards with other companions and halted in [[Isengard]]. [[Treebeard]] reveals that he had freed Saruman, and regrets that he will not see Galadriel and [[Celeborn]] again. Celeborn replied that he is unsure but Galadriel affirmed that it would be her last meeting with him, giving Treebeard some [[Arda Healed|cryptic words]]. They continued on their way and encountered [[Saruman]], who, released by [[Fangorn]], snapped that she always had hated him, and now he would find comfort knowing that her realm was destroyed as well as his.<ref>{{RK|VI6}}, pp. 976, 983, 985</ref>

Two years later, on [[22 September]] {{TA|3021|n}},<ref name="Chief" /> Frodo and Sam encountered a [[Wandering Companies|Wandering Company]] while travelling around [[the Shire]], and found that Elrond, Galadriel and [[Bilbo]] were part of it. Nenya was visible on Galadriel's finger, and she seemed to shine like the moon. Frodo decided to depart with them and the hobbits joined the company, led by Elrond and Galadriel.<ref name="Havens">{{RK|VI9}}, pp. 1027-30</ref> On [[29 September]], they reached the [[Grey Havens]] and departed over the Sea. Thus ended the [[Third Age]].<ref name="Chief" />

Sometime later during the [[Fourth Age]], she received Celeborn, her husband.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}, pp. 15-6</ref> And in {{FoA|120}},<ref>{{App|B5}}, p. 1098</ref> it is said that [[Gimli]] went to the West out of his desire to see Galadriel again. He may have been allowed thanks to her intervention.<ref>{{App|A3}}, p. 1081</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Galadriel.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Galadriel'' is a [[Sindarin]] name translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] as "maiden crowned with a garland of bright radiance",<ref name="Finwe" /> "Maiden crowned with gleaming hair",<ref name="Amazon" /> "glittering garland",<ref>{{L|345}}, p. 423</ref> and "maiden crowned with a radiant garland".<ref name="SApp">{{S|Appendix}}, ''kal-''</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 44-5</ref> ''Galadriel'' consists of ''[[galad]]'' ("light, radiance") + ''[[rî]]'' ("crown").<ref name="Finwe" /> It was an [[epessë]] given to her in her youth because, while doing exercise, she usually bound up her long golden hair as a crown.<ref name="Amazon">{{L|348}}, p. 428</ref>

Tolkien notes that the element ''galad'' had no relation to Sindarin ''[[galadh]]'' or [[Silvan]] ''galað'' ("tree").<ref name="SApp" /><ref>{{MR|P3I5}}, p. 182 (commentary to §42)</ref> Due to this coincidence the name ''Galadriel'' was occasionally rendered as '''''Galadhriel''''', as Tolkien explains:
{{blockquote|When Celeborn and Galadriel became the rulers of the <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Galadhrim]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, the name of Galadriel became associated with trees, an association that was aided by the name of her husband, which also appeared to contain a tree-word; so that outside [[Lórien]] among those whose memories of the ancient days and Galadriel's history had grown dim her name was often altered to 'Galadhriel', though never in Lórien itself.<ref>{{UT|6e}}, p. 267</ref>}}

==Other names==
At the time of her birth, [[Finarfin]] named his only daughter '''''Artanis'''''. Her [[father-name]] meant "Noble Woman" in [[Quenya]], from ''[[arta]]'' + ''[[nís]]''.<ref name="Finwe" />

Due to Artanis's height and her great strength of body and will, Eärwen chose the [[Quenya]] name '''''Nerwen''''', meaning "man-maiden".<ref name="Case" />

'''''Alatáriel''''' was the [[Telerin]] name given to Galadriel by [[Celeborn]], meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland", which referred to her hair.<ref name="Finwe" /> The Quenya form of this name was '''''Altáriel''''', although the proper form would have been '''''Ñaltariel'''''. Its [[Sindarin]] cognate '''''Galadriel''''' was chosen by her to be her Sindarin name, because it was the most beautiful of her names and had been given to her as an [[epessë]] by her lover, Teleporno of the Teleri, whom she wedded later in Beleriand.<ref name="Finwe" /><ref group="note">''Teleporno'' was the Teleri-styled named for Lord Celeborn: "It is only of course in the late version that Celeborn appears with a High-elven, rather than Sindarin, name: ''Teleporno''", {{UT|6e}}, p. 266</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | OLW | | |MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |y| EAW | | SON |FEA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]] ''b. {{YT}}''|SON=''unknown sons''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL |FRD=[[Finrod]] ''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]] ''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]] ''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL='''GALADRIEL''' ''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]] ''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]] ''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB=[[Celebrían]] ''b. {{SA|300}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | FIL | | GIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |GIL=[[Gil-galad]] ''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]][[Finduilas#Notes|NB]] ''{{FA|272}} - {{FA|495|n}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
[[File:Alan Lee - Galadriel.jpg|thumb|''Galadriel sketch'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
{{quote|There is no part of the history of Middle-earth more full of problems than the story of Galadriel and Celeborn...|[[Christopher Tolkien]] in "[[The History of Galadriel and Celeborn]]"}}

===The History of ''The Lord of the Rings''===
The first appearance of the character of Galadriel in the [[legendarium]] was during the composition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The first reference [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] ever made to her was in some notes for the "[[Lothlórien (chapter)|Lothlórien]]" chapter, which mentioned that a "Lord of Galadrim and a Lady" went to the White Council. The following phrases are a stub of them receiving the Company of the Ring, both clad in white and with white hair. In other isolated notes about this chapter, Tolkien wondered "if Galadriel is alone and is wife of Elrond."<ref>{{TI|XII}}, pp. 233, 236</ref>

The first mention of "Keleborn and Galadriel" by name was in the narrative of the [[The Mirror of Galadriel|following chapter]], although Tolkien considered other Elvish names before writing ''Galadriel'' in ink.<ref name="Galadriel">{{TI|XIII}}</ref>{{rp|261}} There Galadriel describes Keleborn and herself as "''wise beyond the measure of the Elves of Middle-earth''", and says that they "''have dwelt there since the Mountains were reared and the Sun was young''", from which [[Christopher Tolkien]] deduced they were both conceived as [[exiled Noldor]].<ref name="Galadriel" />{{rp|263}} After the episode with the Company, both names are changed, so she became ''Galadrien'' ("tree-lady") in the next pages.<ref name="Galadriel" />{{rp|249}} Other notable details that were altered later include the white colour of her hair,<ref name="Galadriel" />{{rp|256}} that she was the keeper of the [[Ring of Earth]],<ref name="Galadriel" />{{rp|252}} and that after the departure of the Company, Frodo was supposed to never see Galadriel ever again.<ref>{{TI|XIVviii}}, p. 286</ref>

In a list of matters "to be explained before the end", Tolkien wondered about what happened with Galadriel after the War of the Ring:

{{blockquote|They learn [...] that Nazgûl razed Lórien and Keleborn fled with a remnant to [[Mirkwood]]. Galadriel was lost or was hidden. Or shall Lórien be left slowly to fade? Yes. Galadriel parts with Keleborn who elects to stay in the world and [?woods]. She is seen by Frodo in old age, when he and Sam see Galadriel and Bilbo...<ref>{{TI|XXVI}}, p. 451, note 18</ref>}}

In sum, earlier and rejected names during the composition of ''The Lord of the Rings'' were ''Finduilas'', ''Rhien'', ''Galdrin'', ''Galdrien'', ''Galadhrien'', and ''Galadrien''.<ref>{{TI|Index}}, p. 480, entry "Galadriel"</ref>

===Expanding the First Age===
In the [[Appendix F]] of ''The Lord of the Rings'', Tolkien had already stated that Galadriel was "of the royal house of Finrod, father of Felagund, Lord of Nargothrond" (in the Second Edition, Tolkien changed the names to ''Finarfin'' and ''Finrod Felagund'', respectively). Although not using much detail, Tolkien was thus introducing Galadriel in "The Silmarillion" tradition, and having finished ''The Lord of the Rings'', he began the work of expanding the backstory of the character. Galadriel enters this tradition in the ''[[Annals of Aman]]'', in which she is first mentioned when Tolkien decided the children of Finrod (later Finarfin) would be related to Thingol through Eärwen.<ref>{{MR|P2l}}, p. 104, §85</ref> In the ''Annals'', written after the publication of ''The Lord of the Rings'',<ref>{{MR|P2}}, p. 48</ref> Galadriel stands out by being valiant and the only woman leading the Exile of the Noldor,<ref>{{AA|§135, 163}}</ref> but there is no explanation of the nature of her rebellion or its later impact on her life.

Indeed, [[Christopher Tolkien]] explains that when the chapter "Farewell to Lórien" was written, his father had not conceived the idea of a ban upon Galadriel's return due to her role in the Flight of the Noldor.<ref name="History">{{UT|6}}, pp. 228-9</ref> In a letter from [[1953]] (even before ''The Lord of the Rings'' was published), Tolkien did not object to the comparison of Galadriel with the [[Virgin Mary]],<ref>{{L|142}}, p. 172</ref> [[#Rebel exile|a comparison he would object]] to later.

Written in the same years, the ''[[Grey Annals]]'' follow the ''Annals of Aman'', telling the chronology of Beleriand, mainly after the Return of the Noldor. Here Galadriel's rol is briefly expanded, limited to her relation with Melian and a conversation with her brother Finrod.<ref>{{WJ|P1}}, pp. 35, 40-2, 44, 50</ref> The darkness pending upon all the Noldor is explicitly mentioned, but the same happens with the innocence of the children of Finrod (later Finarfin) during the discussions with Thingol and Melian. Sadly, Tolkien left these ''Annals'' unfinished at the point of the [[Wanderings of Húrin]], so nothing is told about Galadriel at the end of the First Age, neither about her relation with Celeborn.<ref group="note">Notice that both ''Annals'' were (on the matter of Galadriel) the source used by Christopher Tolkien for his edition of the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]''. For more details see ''[[#The published Silmarillion]]''.</ref>

===Expanding the Second Age===
After the publication of ''The Lord of the Rings'', Tolkien most expanded the story of Galadriel in the Second Age in "[[Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn]]". This manuscript is the only full narrative dealing with this matter, but sadly it is a stub full of corrections, and Tolkien never solved some contradictions that would be raised later.<ref group="note">Notice that this text is the main source for the "[[#Second Age|Second Age]]" section of this article, in which the contradictions have been deliberately overlooked. For more details see ''[[#Unsolved contradictions]]''.</ref> Christopher comments that what is now remarkable is that there is still no presence of the idea of a ban upon Galadriel's return: she stays in Middle-earth out of her love for Celeborn. There could be some pride on her part, as she was eager to visit Middle-earth, but later she stays in Eriador after the first fall of Sauron as a sort of duty until he was finally defeated.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|233–4}}

The first clear mention of pride in Galadriel's decision is probably in one of many manuscripts written c. [[1959]] dealing with Elven growing. In this text it is briefly mentioned that Galadriel rejected coming back to the West and live in [[Eressëa]], moved by her love for Celeborn and (told in a footnote) maybe by her pride, as she had lived in Aman as a princess, so the Lonely Isle would be a "second best".<ref name="Scales" /> We see here that she was allowed to return to the West, but limited to Eressëa, far from the blessed lands (this is, Valinor and Eldamar). There is a sort of ban, not particularly against her, but her pride stands out, as it will become in an essential aspect of her character in the following "phase" of her development.

===Rebel exile===
In mid-[[1967]], Tolkien wrote long drafts of a letter, in which he first mentioned the idea of Galadriel not being allowed to return after the First Age as a punishment for being one of the leaders of the Noldor rebellion. Also, in a footnote, he interprets the ''[[Namárië]]'' as Galadriel's wish that Frodo might go West, as she cannot, believing she is to remain in Middle-earth forever. And more radically, Tolkien interprets the test of the Ring as granting Galadriel permission to return to Aman.<ref name="L|297" /> Christopher Tolkien does not believe that this letter is proof that the ban was present when such passages were written.<ref name="History" /> Given all this, we can well affirm that what is said in this letter are reinterpretations made a posteriori.

Just two months later, ''[[The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle]]'' was published in the United States, in which Tolkien included a brief biography of Galadriel in notes to the ''Namárië''. Not only the Elvish poem, but the line "''What ship will carry me again across such a wide sea?''" of the poem mentioned above, are interpreted here as expressions of Galadriel's longing, unable to return to the West. Her arrogance is connected to her rebellious role, since she replied proudly to the prohibition by saying she had no desire to return.<ref name="RGEO" />

It is strange that Tolkien's new vision was so clear at this time, since there does not seem to be any intermediate text in which he considered this version or others. Now, he would go ahead with this vision, so it would also affect the character's background in the First Age.

Written in [[1968]] or later, ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'' includes a long passage about Galadriel during her life in Aman and during the Exile. It is the first place that highlights her enmity with Fëanor before the Exile, and also her independence from him, since her desire to see and rule distant lands was already present in her before Fëanor's speech. Her role during the Flight of the Noldor is described as courageous and blameless: she had a legitimate desire to help her Teleri kin in Middle-earth, and she fought fiercely against Fëanor in the Kinslaying at Alqualondë. However, she is guilty of pride, not only in her departure, as here she is granted forgiveness after Morgoth's defeat, but she rejects it.<ref name="Case" />

A few years later, in [[1971]], we see that this conception of Galadriel still remains. In response to a letter, Tolkien acknowledges the influence of the figure of the Virgin Mary on the character of Galadriel, but now points out a radical difference: Galadriel was a penitent with a past marked by pride and rebellion against divine authorities.<ref>{{L|320}}, p. 407</ref>

===Unstained exile===
In a letter written in August [[1973]] (one month before his death), Tolkien gave a completely different description of Galadriel:

{{blockquote|Galadriel was 'unstained': she had committed no evil deeds. She was an enemy of Fëanor. She did not reach Middle-earth with the other Noldor, but independently. Her reasons for desiring to go to Middle-earth were legitimate, and she would have been permitted to depart, but for the misfortune that before she set out the revolt of Fëanor broke out, and she became involved in the desperate measures of Manwë, and the ban on all emigrations.<ref>{{L|353}}, p. 431</ref>}}
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Artanis sketch.jpg|thumb|''Artanis'' by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]]]
This was not an isolated idea; around the same time he wrote an outline of the revised backstory of Galadriel, which he could not carry into narrative, as it ended up being probably his last writing related to the legendarium. Here Galadriel is described as totally opposed to Fëanor from the beginning, and she felt confined in Aman and desired to depart to Middle-earth in order to exercise her talents: "for being brilliant in mind and swift in action she had early absorbed all of what she was capable of the teaching which the Valar thought fit to give the Eldar". Manwë was probably aware of her desire and he had not forbidden her to depart, nor given permission yet. Nonetheless, Galadriel did not remain inactive and thought in the ships of the Teleri, so she dwelt in Alqualondë with her mother's kin. There she met Celeborn (here a Telerin prince and her cousin), and both planned to build a boat and seek the permission of the Valar to depart to Middle-earth.

But then Melkor and Ungoliant destroyed the [[Two Trees]], and Fëanor began his rebellion, in which Galadriel had no part. "Indeed, she and Celeborn fought heroically in defence of Alqualondë against the assault of the Noldor, and Celeborn's ship was saved from them". Now Galadriel sailed in despair without asking Manwë, and indeed she would have been told to stay in Valinor in that hour, despite her desire being legitimate; and thus the ban against departure fell upon her and she was forbidden to return. She and Celeborn reached Middle-earth before Fëanor, finding Círdan's haven and being received with joy. They did not join the war against Morgoth, which they considered hopeless without the help of the Valar, and instead they recommended going eastwards and befriending the [[Dark Elves]] and Men living there. But the Elves of Beleriand did not heed these counsels, so both of them crossed the Ered Lindon before the end of the First Age. They were granted permission to return by the Valar, but they rejected it.

Christopher Tolkien explains that this change probably had its roots in the philosophical implications of Galadriel's power in Middle-earth. He is certain that his father had the intention of changing all the narrative of "The Silmarillion" related to the backstory of Galadriel, despite what was already written: after all, she was not part of the story of the Noldor in the first place and the book had not been published. The only notable problem is in the backstory of Celeborn, which contradicts what was already published in J.R.R. Tolkien's life.<ref name="History" />{{rp|231–3}}

===Unsolved contradictions===
As can be seen, the development of Galadriel throughout Tolkien's texts is mainly structured around the nature of her exile and ban from Aman. In this subsection we present other aspects of her that are better explained separately for order's sake. In the mentioned texts there are some loose contradictions that can be easily explained as mere mistakes. A noticeable case is Galadriel using [[Nenya]] during the Second Age in "[[Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn]]", which contradicts everything we know about the [[Rings of Power]] in ''The Lord of the Rings''. On the contrary, the contradictions presented in this subsection result from the several revisions and we cannot know how Tolkien would have solved them.

;:Galadriel in Nargothrond
In the ''[[Grey Annals]]'' it is written that Galadriel went from Doriath to Nargothrond "and dwelt there for a while" after Finrod had completed its building.<ref name="Nargothrond" /> But while expanding the ''[[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|Quenta Silmarillion]]'', Tolkien wrote: "Yet Galadriel his sister went never to Nargothrond, for she remained long in Doriath", and revised it with "Yet Galaðriel his sister dwelt never in Nargothrond".<ref>{{WJ|10}}, p. 178</ref> It is unclear which version was written as definitive, but Christopher Tolkien chose the former one for [[Of the Noldor in Beleriand|Chapter 15]] of his edition of ''The Silmarillion''.

;:Passing over the mountains
Christopher Tolkien explains that in the first conception, Galadriel went to the east from Beleriand alone and found Celeborn (probably of [[Nandor]]in origin) in Lórien. Hence in the chapter "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]" she said Celeborn dwelt in the West before the Dawn, and that she crossed the mountains from Beleriand (apparently alone). This contradicts the information in [[Appendix B]] of ''The Lord of the Rings'' and in ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'', in which Celeborn is a Sinda who accompanied Galadriel from Lindon.<ref name="History" />{{rp|228}}

The time when she passed over the mountains is also contradictory, as Galadriel said that it was "''ere the fall of Nargothrond and Gondolin''", yet in Appendix B it is stated that at the beginning of the Second Age she was still dwelling in Lindon, before passing over the mountains. This contradiction in the same work must have been due to a mistake during revision.<ref group="note">It is possible, however, that Galadriel first left Beleriand to avoid the cataclysmic war, later came to Lindon to join the surviving exiles, and crossed the Ered Luin again looking for a settlement.</ref>

;:Marriage of Galadriel and Celeborn
In Appendix B, while describing the beginning of the Second Age, it is said that Celeborn dwelt in [[Harlindon|south Lindon]] with his wife Galadriel, so it appears that they were married at this point.<ref name="Second" /> In a manuscript from c. [[1959]], Tolkien said that Galadriel and Celeborn probably married "soon after the overthrow of Morgoth", before they crossed the Mountains.<ref name="Scales" /> Another manuscript from the same period states the same, but in its following notes Tolkien wrote that Galadriel did not marry Celeborn until they were settled (in Lake Nenuial, as understood by the context).<ref>{{NM|P1x}}, p. 73</ref> In a manuscript from [[1965]], while Tolkien pondered about Amroth being their child, he wrote that Galadriel and Celeborn were betrothed, but did not marry until the confusion of the War of Wrath and the beginning of the Second Age had ended (till S.A. 24).<ref name="Ages" />

;:Birth-year of Celebrían
The year and the place of Celebrían's birth was never definite. Tolkien considered as early as year 9 of the Second Age, and as late as 350 (850 was also considered, but as a mere conjecture). For details and references see ''[[Celebrían#Other versions of the legendarium]]''.

;:Mother of Amroth
In "Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn", both Celebrían and [[Amroth]] are children of Galadriel and Celeborn,<ref name="Concerning" /> but in later texts dating from [[1969]], Tolkien made Amroth the son of [[Amdír]].<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 244</ref> For more details see ''[[Amroth#Other versions of the legendarium]]''.

;:Founder of Eregion
In Appendix B, it is said that at the beginning of the Second Age, the Noldor went to [[Eregion]] out of their interest for the [[mithril]] in [[Moria]]. Besides, Celebrimbor is called "Lord of Eregion", with no mention of his relation with Galadriel.<ref name="Second" /> In "Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn", Galadriel and Celeborn are described as the founders of Eregion, a place chosen by Galadriel out of her desire to gather the Elven and the Dwarvish races against the increasing evil in Middle-earth. Celebrimbor is the chief builder of the realm, but is not mentioned as its lord, although he later seizes the power there.<ref name="Concerning" />{{rp|235–7}} Celebrimbor as the founder appears only in a linguistic work, in which Tolkien simply mentions "the settlement at Eregion under Celebrimbor".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 53</ref> It is unclear if these texts are necessarily contradictory, but it is clear that trying to explain the rule in Eregion remains problematic.

===The published ''Silmarillion''===
Christopher Tolkien was aware of his father's [[#Unstained exile|latest conception]], in which Galadriel left Aman free of any guilt. However, as this was a mere projected idea, he had to make use of the completed narratives for his edition of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', in which she is a rebel leader.<ref name="History" />{{rp|232–3}} It is notable that in this work there is no explanation of Galadriel's reasons for remaining in Middle-earth after the War of Wrath, save that Celeborn was unwilling to leave,<ref name="Earendil" /> nor is there any mention of a ban against her return or her concerns about the remaining evil. This way, Christopher did not choose any particular position and let the reader guess, but also stripped this character of all development in relation to ''The Lord of the Rings''.

[[Douglas C. Kane]] noted that Christopher Tolkien, for his edition, removed some statements on Galadriel from his father's work: [[Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië|Chapter 5]]'s original text said that Galadriel was "the most valiant" lady of the [[house of Finwë]]; and [[Of the Flight of the Noldor|Chapter 9]]'s mentioned her as "Galadriel the valiant and fair". According to Kane, Galadriel is not the only female character inexplicably diminished by Christopher's editorial choices.<ref>[[Douglas C. Kane]], ''[[Arda Reconstructed: The Creation of the Published Silmarillion]]'' ([[2009]]), pp. 74, 114, 252</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:Lord of the Rings Adventure Game - Galadriel.jpeg|Galadriel in ''[[Lord of the Rings Adventure Game]]''
File:Angus McBride - Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel in ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'': ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards|The Wizards]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Galadriel.jpg|[[Cate Blanchett]] as Galadriel in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Galadriel.JPG|Galadriel as portrayed in Vivendi's ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Galadriel.jpg|Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Galadriel.jpg|[[Cate Blanchett]] as Galadriel in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
File:Shadow of Mordor - Galadriel.png|Galadriel as portrayed in ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]''
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Galadriel in Tirharad.jpg|[[Morfydd Clark]] as Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Young Galadriel.jpg|[[Amelie Child Villiers]] as Young Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''
</gallery>

===Films===
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Galadriel is voiced by [[Annette Crosbie]].

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Galadriel is played by [[Cate Blanchett]]. Galadriel narrates the [[Prologue: One Ring to Rule Them All...|Prologue]], explaining the creation of the Rings of Power and the War of the Last Alliance. Earlier plans considered were to have either Frodo or Gandalf narrate the Prologue, but this was dropped: Frodo was not alive until thousands of years after these events happened, and although Gandalf was alive, he was not present in Middle-earth at the time; the Wizards came some one thousand years after the Prologue ends. Thus Galadriel narrates the Prologue, because she had first-hand accounts of this history and actively participated in its events.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Galadriel frequently consults [[ósanwë|telepathically]] with Elrond; in the books there is no clear indication of how Galadriel knew about the coming of the Fellowship. In the film, unlike the book, Galadriel and [[Elrond]] send an army of [[Elves]] - led by [[Haldir]] - to [[Battle of the Hornburg|Helm's Deep]] to aid the [[Rohirrim]]. In the DVD commentary, [[Peter Jackson]] and his fellow writers explain that they worried audiences would wonder why the Elves do not seem to be helping in the war, while at the same time, they felt that actually inserting an entire separate battle scene at Lothlórien would take up too much screen time and resources.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:A spiritual apparition of Lady Galadriel appears to provide Frodo strength following his passage through Shelob's Lair soon after he uses the Phial that she gave him. She is later seen leaving Middle-earth along with other Ring-bearers, but in film version her husband Celeborn departs with her at the same time.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Cate Blanchett reprised her role as Galadriel, although the character is absent from the novel.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> She appears as part of the [[White Council]] alongside [[Saruman]], [[Gandalf]] and [[Elrond]]. Later, right before [[Thorin and Company|Thorin and his Company]] enter in [[Mirkwood]], she telepathically urges Gandalf to further seek the true identity of the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]. Finally, during the [[attack on Dol Guldur]], Galadriel plays a larger role. She first rescues Gandalf from captivity, and is ultimately the one to drive Sauron from the fortress using her [[Phial of Galadriel|phial]], although weakened by the amount of power she used.

===Television===
'''1993: [[Hobitit]]:'''
:Galadriel is portrayed by [[Heidi Krohn]]. She appears only in the episode ''Lórien'', and she is featured as a reflection on the surface of the lake.

'''2022: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]:'''
{{Quote|'''Galadriel''' - A legendary elven warrior and the Commander of the Northern Armies. Far from the wise, ethereal Lady of Lórien she will one day become, this much younger Galadriel is headstrong and relentless – and obsessed with hunting an elusive evil.|Official description}}
:Galadriel is portrayed by [[Morfydd Clark]] as one of the central characters of the series.<ref>{{webcite|author=Alice Jones|articleurl=https://inews.co.uk/culture//film/morfydd-clark-saint-maud-baftas-lord-of-the-rings-946160|articlename=Morfydd Clark on Saint Maud and Lord of the Rings: ‘I am so frightened of loneliness’
|dated=10-August-2021|website=[https://inews.co.uk inews.co.uk]|accessed=07-April-2021}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Justin Kroll|articleurl=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/lord-of-the-rings-series-galadriel-morfydd-clark-1203446284/ |articlename='Lord of the Rings' Series Taps Morfydd Clark as Young Galadriel (EXCLUSIVE)|dated=10-August-2021|website=[https://variety..com Variety]|accessed=17-December-2019}}</ref> Lady [[Amelie Child Villiers]] portrays Young Galadriel in [[A Shadow of the Past|Episode 1]] as a child.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9788618/fullcredits|articlename=Full Cast & Crew|dated=|website=IMDB|accessed=2 September 2022}}</ref>

===Radio series===
'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Galadriel is provided by [[Marian Diamond]]. In addition to the Lothlórien episodes, the voice of Galadriel is heard in Shelob's Lair as a reminder to use the phial, and she appears with Elrond in the final episode in the Shire, as they journey towards the Grey Havens.

'''2001-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Galadriel is provided by Soňa Norisová. Norisová also provides most of the singing in the series (including the opening and closing titles theme and series closing song), alluding to Galadriel being a secondary storyteller (with Bilbo Baggins serving as the series' primary storyteller).

===Games===
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Galadriel, voiced by [[Jennifer Hale]], is the narrator of the Prologue and the Epilogue, and appears in Lothlórien.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Galadriel is the strongest of "Hero" units available to the Free Peoples. If a player's army manages to spot [[Gollum]] on the battlefield, take The One Ring from him and deliver it to their forces, the option to "summon" Galadriel unlocks for a large amount of resources. Thus, Lady Galadriel is represented as succumbing to corruption of The Ring, similar to the respective scene in the ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' movie.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Introduced in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'', Galadriel plays a prominent role during the Epic storyline with guidance and support. During the final days of the [[War of the Ring]], Galadriel assembles the Council of Elven Lords, where it is decided to bring their armies against [[Dol Guldur]]. After she brings down the walls of Dol Guldur, Galadriel accompanies Arwen on her journey south to her wedding, and they visit the site of [[Celebrian]]'s captivity in the [[Misty Mountains]] together. Afterwards, she and Celeborn join the procession of [[Elrond]]'s house and travel to [[Minas Tirith]] to attend the wedding of Arwen and Aragorn.

'''2014: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]:'''
:Galadriel is featured in the game, although she is a non-playable character. She is voiced by [[Jennifer Hale]] and she narrates the prologue in a showing of the game.

'''2017: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]:'''
:Galadriel is featured in the game, although she is a non-playable character, with [[Jennifer Hale]] reprising her role from the game.

{{references|notes}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=noldor
| house=[[House of Finarfin]] Cadet branch of [[House of Finwë]]
| born={{YT|1362}}
| died=Sailed west on [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=''[[Celebrimbor]], as its creator''
| list=[[Three Keepers|Keeper]] of [[Nenya]]
| dates=c. {{SA|1600}} - after [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| next=Presumably, still Galadriel
| nvac=None
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=''[[Amroth]], as [[King of Lórien]]''
| list=[[Lord and Lady of Lórien|Lady of Lórien]]
| dates={{TA|1981}} - [[29 September]], {{TA|3021|n}} (with [[Celeborn]])
| next=[[Celeborn]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{hobbitfilms}}
{{lordoftheringsfilms}}
[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Galadriel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/galadriel]]
[[fi:Galadriel]]

Átaremma

2026-02-26T19:01:09Z

Elisa: /* Tolkien and the Fæder Ure */ added info that I had forgot to add the last time I edited this page

[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ataremma.png|400px|thumb|right|Tolkien's manuscript of the final version, ''Átaremma VI'']]
'''Átaremma''' ("Pater noster" in [[Quenya]]) is [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s Quenya translation of the [[Lord's Prayer (disambiguation)|Lord's Prayer]]. It is also known as Atyrë or Atar Manya. Six different versions of the prayer were published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 43|''Vinyar Tengwar'', no. 43]], edited by [[Patrick H. Wynne]], [[Arden R. Smith]], and [[Carl F. Hostetter]]. In the early drafts, Tolkien used ''[[menel]]'' to express "sky", but in the sixth and final version of the prayer he wrote ''i ëa han [[ëa]]'', literally "who art beyond the Universe". This highlights Tolkien's desire to distinguish in Quenya the physical sky and the metaphysical heaven, following the modern Christian theology. One may conveen that given the existent different filologic constructions of the prayer, this is not a unique and official version.

==Final version of the Prayer==
{| style="margin-bottom: 10px;" !Quenya text!Traditional English version
|-
|
:''Átaremma i ëa han ëa,''
:''na aire esselya,''
:''aranielya na tuluva,''
:''na kare indómelya''
:''cemende tambe Erumande.''
:''Ámen anta síra ilaurëa massamma,''
:''ar ámen apsene úcaremmar''
:''sív’ emme apsenet tien i úcarer emmen.''
:''Álame tulya úsahtienna''
:''mal áme etelehta ulcullo.''
:''Násië.''
|
::Our Father, who art in Heaven,
::hallowed be Thy Name.
::Thy Kingdom come,
::Thy Will be done,
::on Earth, as it is in Heaven.
::Give us this day our daily bread,
::and forgive us our trespasses,
::as we forgive those who trespass against us.
::And lead us not into temptation,
::but deliver us from evil.
::Amen.
|}

==Tolkien and the Fæder Ure==
We can safely assume that Tolkien knew the first english versions of the Fæder ure when he made Anglo-saxon language and literature the main object of his universitary studies in Oxford, and kept using different versions as a didactic instrument when he taught that same language in the University of Leeds (1920-1925) and then in the University of Oxford (1925-1959), therefore as a Catholic and a philologist, who had studied in depth the linguistic history of the Lord’s Prayer in English, he pointed out that the Latin term ''tentatio'' (from the Greek ''peirasmos'') originally meant "trial, test, tribulation", not “temptation” in the modern sense of "enticement to evil". The English translation ''lead us not into temptation'' was already '''ambiguously problematic''' in the Middle Ages. Even the verb ''lead'' could misleadingly suggest that God is the agent of temptation, which Tolkien considered linguistically and theologically inaccurate.

==See also==
*[[Ae Adar Nín]]
*[[Index:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien|Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
*[[Vinyar Tengwar 32|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 32]]

==External links==
*[http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/ataremma.html Text, translation and audio] at [[Glǽmscrafu]]
*[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/graphics/andries_ataremma.jpg Calligraphy of the poem] by Daniel Andriës
*[https://lanuovabq.it/it/pdf/il-papa-tolkien-e-il-padre-nostro]
*[https://www.ncregister.com/commentaries/pope-francis-j-r-r-tolkien-and-the-lord-s-prayer] by John R. Holmes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ataremma}}
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Quenya texts]]

Átaremma

2026-02-26T18:55:44Z

Elisa: Added some information about the relevance of the prayer in Tolkien's life

[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ataremma.png|400px|thumb|right|Tolkien's manuscript of the final version, ''Átaremma VI'']]
'''Átaremma''' ("Pater noster" in [[Quenya]]) is [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s Quenya translation of the [[Lord's Prayer (disambiguation)|Lord's Prayer]]. It is also known as Atyrë or Atar Manya. Six different versions of the prayer were published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 43|''Vinyar Tengwar'', no. 43]], edited by [[Patrick H. Wynne]], [[Arden R. Smith]], and [[Carl F. Hostetter]]. In the early drafts, Tolkien used ''[[menel]]'' to express "sky", but in the sixth and final version of the prayer he wrote ''i ëa han [[ëa]]'', literally "who art beyond the Universe". This highlights Tolkien's desire to distinguish in Quenya the physical sky and the metaphysical heaven, following the modern Christian theology. One may conveen that given the existent different filologic constructions of the prayer, this is not a unique and official version.

==Final version of the Prayer==
{| style="margin-bottom: 10px;" !Quenya text!Traditional English version
|-
|
:''Átaremma i ëa han ëa,''
:''na aire esselya,''
:''aranielya na tuluva,''
:''na kare indómelya''
:''cemende tambe Erumande.''
:''Ámen anta síra ilaurëa massamma,''
:''ar ámen apsene úcaremmar''
:''sív’ emme apsenet tien i úcarer emmen.''
:''Álame tulya úsahtienna''
:''mal áme etelehta ulcullo.''
:''Násië.''
|
::Our Father, who art in Heaven,
::hallowed be Thy Name.
::Thy Kingdom come,
::Thy Will be done,
::on Earth, as it is in Heaven.
::Give us this day our daily bread,
::and forgive us our trespasses,
::as we forgive those who trespass against us.
::And lead us not into temptation,
::but deliver us from evil.
::Amen.
|}

==Tolkien and the Fæder Ure==
We can safely assume that Tolkien knew the first english versions of the Fæder ure when he made Anglo-saxon language and literature the main object of his universitary studies in Oxford, and kept using different versions as a didactic instrument when he taught that same language in the University of Leeds (1920-1925) and then in the University of Oxford (1925-1959).

==See also==
*[[Ae Adar Nín]]
*[[Index:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien|Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
*[[Vinyar Tengwar 32|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 32]]

==External links==
*[http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/ataremma.html Text, translation and audio] at [[Glǽmscrafu]]
*[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/graphics/andries_ataremma.jpg Calligraphy of the poem] by Daniel Andriës
*[https://lanuovabq.it/it/pdf/il-papa-tolkien-e-il-padre-nostro]
*[https://www.ncregister.com/commentaries/pope-francis-j-r-r-tolkien-and-the-lord-s-prayer] by John R. Holmes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ataremma}}
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Quenya texts]]

Estel

2026-02-26T16:56:08Z

Elisa: I added a piece of information from Appendix A of Lord Of The Rings. In particular, I explained that Aragorn II Elessar used to be called "Estel" by Elrond when he was young, including the reason behind it.

{{disambig-more|Hope|[[Hope (disambiguation)]]}}
'''Estel''' is the [[Sindarin]] word for "hope" or "trust".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 117</ref> It was a name of [[Aragorn]], given to him when his mother [[Gilraen]] took him to [[Rivendell]] as a child.<ref>{{App|Tale}}, p. 1061</ref>

==Examples==
*''[[Estelmo|'''Estel'''mo]]'' = "Hope-person"
*''[[Gil-Estel|Gil-'''Estel''']]'' = "Star of High Hope"
*''[[Gilraen's linnod|ú-chebin '''estel''' anim]]'' = "I have kept no hope for myself"
*''[[Rochon Methestel|Rochon Meth'''estel''']]'' = "Rider of the Last Hope"

==Philosophical concept==
{{Quote|"There, peeping among the cloud-wrack above a dark tor high up in the mountains, Sam saw a white star twinkle for a while. The beauty of it smote his heart, as he looked up out of the forsaken land, and hope returned to him. For like a shaft, clear and cold, the thought pierced him that in the end the Shadow was only a small and passing thing: there was light and high beauty for ever beyond its reach."|''[[The Return of the King]]''<ref>{{RK|Shadow|50}},p.922</ref>}}

The Elvish word ''estel'' (the same in both [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]) refers to a complex philosophical concept found in [[Elvish]] thought. This idea is best understood as ''trust'' or "''faith''", and the hope that comes from it: ''estel'' refers to the belief that [[Eru Ilúvatar]], the Creator of the Universe ([[Eä]]), is good and that his designs for his creatures will ultimately be good as well, despite the troubles that seem to plague [[Arda]], this world. Certain knowledge of what is to happen to the Elves after the end of Arda has thus been withheld from them, so that all they can rely on is ''estel''. The Elven-king [[Finrod Felagund]] explained estel as an idea that "is not defeated by the ways of the world, for it does not come from experience, but from our nature and first being. If we are indeed the [[Eruhíni|Eruchin]], the Children of the One, then He will not suffer Himself to be deprived of His own, not by any Enemy, not even by ourselves".

Estel is also connected to the more immediate hope found in the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] that keeps them from being overcome by the hardships of [[Arda Marred]]; the [[Valar]] refer to this gift as the ability to appreciate "the Unmarred that they discern in the Marred".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', "Part three. [[The Later Quenta Silmarillion]]. II The Second Phase. Laws and customs among the Eldar", p.245.</ref> That is, the Children of Ilúvatar can see what is good about Arda in its present state, despite its corruption by [[Morgoth]]. It's ''estel'' that gives them this ability.

''Estel'' is similar to, but more based on the heart than, ''[[amdir]]'', another Sindarin word that can be translated as "hope".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', "Part four. [[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]: "The Debate of Finrod and Andreth".</ref>

==''Estel'' in Arda's History==
{{Quote|"In the armour of Fate there is ever a rift, and in the walls of Doom a breach, until [[the End]]. So it shall be while I endure, a secret voice that gainsayeth, and a light where darkness was decreed."|[[Ulmo]]<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}</ref>}}

According to the Elvish tradition, ''estel'' was one of only two things Eru demanded from his Children; the other was belief that he existed in the first place. Lack of estel was seen as a fault in the ''[[fëa]]'' of a person, and could have grave consequences: the most drastic example of a being lacking in ''estel'' is none other than that of Morgoth himself; his denial of the greatness of Eru led to his nihilism and despair. The failing of ''estel'' found in [[Finwë]], the first [[High King of the Noldor]], of his wife [[Míriel]] ever returning to him from the Halls of [[Mandos]] is another example. Finwë's decision to take another wife led to the strife between his sons that was instrumental to the tragic [[Fall of the Noldor]]. Moreover, when [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was young, [[Elrond]] called him "Estel" and hid from him his real name in order to prevent the Enemy from discovering the identity of [[Isildur]]'s heir <ref>Lord Of The Rings, Appendix A</ref>. Ultimately, most poor choices of Elves and [[Men]] come from a failing in ''estel''.

==''Estel'' and Men==

Unlike the Elves, the foundation of estel in Men was said to have been shaken because of [[Tale of Adanel|their corruption by Morgoth]] in the earliest days of their race. Because they had denied the supremacy of Eru and taken Melkor as their God, they could no longer believe with certainty that Eru would accept them. This lack of estel in Men had an effect on their view of their mortality, which was originally their [[Gift of Men|Gift]] from Eru.

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In an early version of the ''[[Many Partings]]'' chapter, [[Gandalf]] gives to [[Frodo]] and [[Sam]] the names ''Bronwe athan Harthad'' ("Endurance beyond hope") and ''Hartad Uluithiad'' ("Hope unquenchable"), with ''Harthad'' being the [[Noldorin]] word for hope.<ref>{{SD|VII}}</ref>
{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Aliases]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

Estel (concept)

2026-02-26T11:10:28Z

Elisa: /* Other versions of the legendarium */ I have corrected "fo" in "to" as I had reasonably thought it to be a spelling error.

{{delete}}
{{disambig-more|Hope|[[Hope (disambiguation)]]}}
{{merge|Estel}}
{{quote|There, peeping among the cloud-wrack above a dark tor high up in the mountains, Sam saw a white star twinkle for a while. The beauty of it smote his heart, as he looked up out of the forsaken land, and hope returned to him. For like a shaft, clear and cold, the thought pierced him that in the end the Shadow was only a small and passing thing: there was light and high beauty for ever beyond its reach.|''[[The Return of the King]]''<ref>{{RK|Shadow|50}}, p. 922</ref>}}
The Elvish word '''''[[estel]]''''' (the same in both [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]) refers to a complex philosophical concept found in [[Elves|Elvish]] thought. This idea is best understood as ''trust'' or "''faith''", and the hope that comes from it: ''estel'' refers to the belief that [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]], the Creator of the Universe ([[Eä]]), is good and that his designs for his creatures will ultimately be good as well, despite the troubles that seem to plague [[Arda]], this world. Certain knowledge of what is to happen to the Elves after the end of Arda has thus been withheld from them, so that all they can rely on is ''estel''. The Elven-king [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] explained ''estel'' as an idea that "is not defeated by the ways of the world, for it does not come from experience, but from our nature and first being. If we are indeed the ''[[Eruhíni|Eruchin]]'', the Children of the One, then He will not suffer Himself to be deprived of His own, not by any Enemy, not even by ourselves."

''Estel'' is also connected to the more immediate hope found in the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] that keeps them from being overcome by the hardships of [[Arda#Arda Marred|Arda Marred]]; the [[Valar]] refer to this gift as the ability to appreciate "the Unmarred that they discern in the Marred".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', "Part Three. [[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|The Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']]. II The Second Phase. Laws and Customs Among the Eldar", p. 245.</ref> That is, the Children of Ilúvatar can see what is good about Arda in its present state, despite its corruption by [[Morgoth]]. It is ''estel'' that gives them this ability.

''Estel'' is similar to, but more deeply based in the heart than, ''[[Amdir (Sindarin word)|amdir]]'', another Sindarin word that can be translated as "hope".<ref>{{MR|P4c}}</ref>

==''Estel'' in Arda's History==
{{quote|In the armour of Fate there is ever a rift, and in the walls of Doom a breach, until [[the End]]. So it shall be while I endure, a secret voice that gainsayeth, and a light where darkness was decreed.|[[Ulmo]]<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}</ref>}}
According to Elvish tradition, ''estel'' was one of only two things Eru demanded from his Children; the other was belief that he existed in the first place. Lack of ''estel'' was seen as a fault in the ''[[fëa]]'' of a person, and could have grave consequences: the most drastic example of a being lacking in ''estel'' is none other than that of Morgoth himself; his denial of the greatness of Eru led to his nihilism and despair. The failing of ''estel'' found in [[Finwë]], the first [[High King of the Noldor]], of his wife [[Míriel]] ever returning to him from the Halls of [[Mandos]] is another example. Finwë's decision to take another wife led to the strife between his sons that was instrumental to the tragic [[Fall of the Noldor]]. Ultimately, most poor choices of Elves and [[Men]] come from a failing in ''estel''.

==''Estel'' and Men==
Unlike the Elves, the foundation of ''estel'' in Men was said to have been shaken because of [[Tale of Adanel|their corruption by Morgoth]] in the earliest days of their race. Because they had denied the supremacy of Eru and taken Melkor as their God, they could no longer believe with certainty that Eru would accept them. This lack of ''estel'' in Men had an effect on their view of their mortality, which was originally their [[Gift of Men|Gift]] from Eru.
==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early version of the ''[[Many Partings]]'' chapter, [[Gandalf]] gives to [[Frodo]] and [[Sam]] the names ''Bronwe athan Harthad'' ("Endurance beyond Hope") and ''Harthad Uluithiad'' ("Hope unquenchable") with ''harthad'' being the [[Noldorin]] word for hope.<ref>{{SD|VII}}</ref>
{{title}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Concepts]]

User talk:Elisa

2026-02-26T10:28:53Z

Elisa: /* Welcome */ Reply

==Welcome==

'''{{PAGENAME}}, welcome!'''

Hello and [[Tolkien Gateway:Welcome|welcome]] to '''[[Tolkien Gateway]]'''. I hope you like the place and choose to join our work. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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I hope you enjoy editing here and we look forward to your future edits. If you have any questions, see the [[Help:Contents|help pages]], add a question to the [[Forums:Council|Council forums]] or ask me on [[User talk:Hyarion|my talk page]]. Keep up the great work! —  [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 05:06, 26 February 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you so much, I’ve taken notes on how to code in wiki text and I can't wait to help! Also, my mother tongue is Italian and I have a C1 Cambridge Certificate in English so if you'd like mr to create italian sections/traductions of articles etc just let me know! [[User:Elisa|Elisa]] ([[User talk:Elisa|talk]]) 10:28, 26 February 2026 (UTC)