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Christianity

2026-05-26T07:31:45Z

ElwingNinque: papal encyclical quoting Tolkien

[[File:Lady Chapel. The Oxford Oratory.jpg|thumb|225px|Statue of Our Lady in the [http://www.oxfordoratory.org.uk/church-tour-lady-chapel.php Lady Chapel] at the [[Oxford]] Oratory, where Tolkien attended for many years]]

{{quote|I am a Christian (which can be deduced from my stories), and in fact a Roman Catholic.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] in [[Letter 213]]}}

Tolkien belonged to the '''Roman Catholic Church'''. Raised in the church by his mother [[Mabel Tolkien|Mabel]], he would remain a devout Catholic till his death. His faith was an essential part of his life, which formed an aspect of his writings.

==Tolkien's life==
===Mabel Tolkien===
The parents of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien were [[:Wikipedia:Anglicanism|Anglican]]. He was baptized four weeks after his birth, on [[31 January]] [[1892]] at the Anglican [[Bloemfontein]] Cathedral.<ref name="Bio">{{HM|Bio}}</ref>{{rp|13}}<ref group="note">In [[Letter to Nancy Smith (Christmas 1963)|an unpublished letter]], Tolkien dated his baptism on [[8 January]], but the correct date is 31 January, according to the baptismal records of the cathedral. Cf. {{CG|C}}, p. 776</ref> Some time after becoming widowed, [[Mabel Tolkien]] began to visit a Roman Catholic church: [[:Wikipedia:St Anne's Church, Birmingham|St Anne]]. After receiving formation there, in June [[1900]] she was received into the Catholic Church. Her conversion was not accepted by her family or the Tolkiens, who belonged to other Christian denominations, and Mabel lost the only help she had from her father and brother-in-law. Despite the pressure and the economic distress, she began to instruct her two sons in the new faith.<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|23–24}} Looking for a better place of worship, Mabel felt attracted by the [[Birmingham Oratory]], where the family met Father [[Francis Morgan]]. This priest became a friend of the family, who would go on to support them. On [[Christmas]] of [[1903]], Tolkien received his First Communion.<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|26–28}}

Despite the help of Father Francis, their mother had to work very hard to raise her children and have them schooled. Finally she fell ill of diabetes and died in 1904. Tolkien himself wrote nine years later: "''My own dear mother was a martyr indeed, and it is not to everybody that God grants so easy a way to his great gifts as he did to [[Hilary Tolkien|Hilary]] and myself, giving us a mother who killed herself with labour and trouble to ensure us keeping the faith.''"<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|31}} Even sixty years later, he would refer to his mother as an example to others,<ref>{{L|267}}, pp. 353-354</ref> showing that she would always be one of the pillars of his faith.

===Father Francis===
In her will, Mabel appointed Father Francis as the guardian of her children, both because of her trust in him and to ensure their continued Catholic education.<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|32}} The boys lived for four years with an aunt, but they spent most of the day in the Oratory, as it was nearby. They served Father Francis' early mass, and participated enthusiastically in the parish activities.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.birminghamoratory.org.uk/tolkien-and-the-oratory/|articlename=Tolkien and the Oratory|website=[http://www.birminghamoratory.org.uk/ The Oratory, Birmingham]|accessed=28 July 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Birmingham Oratory.jpg|thumb|Birmingham Oratory as in 2009]]
Morgan's guardianship was not only economical and spiritual, but also intellectual: the Catholic environment of the Oratory, motivated by the anti-modernist reform of [[:Wikipedia:Saint Pius X|Pope Pius X]] would have a great impact on Tolkien that can be seen later in his life.<ref>A. R. Bossert, [http://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol25/iss1/5/ "Surely You Don't Disbelieve": Tolkien and Pius X: Anti-Modernism in Middle-earth], [[Mythlore 95/96|''Mythlore'' 95/96]], p. 53</ref> Such reform will later be considered by him as the greatest reform of our time, surpassing anything achieved by the Second Vatican Council.<ref name="Pope">{{L|250}}, p. 339</ref>

When Tolkien was seventeen, he began a love interest with [[Edith Bratt]], but Father Francis ordered him to wait till his coming of age (21) to even talk to her. Despite that strict situation, Tolkien observed the order with perfect obedience, and on [[8 January]] of [[1913]], he and Edith got engaged. The recovered relationship increased Tolkien's religious fervour, and began a diary entitled "''JRRT and [[Edith Tolkien|EMB]] in account together, [[Wikipedia:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam|AMDG]]''", in which he accounted, among other things, his performance of religious duties.<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 36</ref> The only condition Tolkien asked of Edith was that she convert to Catholicism, which she accepted despite the inconvenience that it would bring her. They would marry on [[22 March]] [[1916]], with the blessing of Father Francis.<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|78–79}}

===The Inklings===
When he returned to Oxford as a professor in [[1925]], he was an active lay man, both with the chaplaincy of the University and the Catholic communities of [[Oxford]].<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] ([[2017]]), ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]'' (Revised and Expanded Edition): II. Reader's Guide, "Religion", pp. 1070-1072</ref>

Tolkien met [[C.S. Lewis]] while working at the Oxford University. They became close friends when Lewis was still an atheist, and religion was one of the main topics in their conversations. In [[1929]], Lewis was convinced with theism, although he could not accept Christianity, yet. In [[19 September]] [[1931]], Tolkien, Lewis and [[Hugo Dyson]] had a dinner, followed by a walk that ran till 4 a.m. There Lewis was moved by Tolkien's ideas that the truth inherent to all myths and its relation with the historical ''myth'' of Christ's Resurrection.<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|146–148}} Lewis' conversion supported a new step in their friendship, although Tolkien always regretted that Lewis did not become a Roman Catholic: Lewis chose Anglicanism, which Tolkien considered a distortion of the previous Catholicism.<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|151}}

In the following years, a literary club was formed around Lewis, called '[[The Inklings]]', which he describes as "''a sort of informal club [...] the qualifications (as they have informally evolved) are a tendency to write, and Christianity''".<ref>[[C.S. Lewis]], ''Collected Letters'', vol. 2 ([[2004]]), Letter to [[Charles Williams]], 11 March 1936, p. 183</ref> His secretary [[Walter Hooper]] will later compare it with the [[:Wikipedia:Oxford Movement|Oxford Movement]], an intellectual movement begun a century before, in which their members also shared their Christian passion for Truth with conversation and comradery.<ref>[[Walter Hooper]], "[http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/art/the-inklings-the-other-oxford-movement.html The Inklings: The Other Oxford Movement]", first published in ''Catholic World Report'', June 1997. It was included in ''[[Tolkien: A Celebration]]'' (edited by [[Joseph Pearce]])</ref><ref group="note">It must be noticed that Father Francis was a personal disciple of [[:Wikipedia:John Henry Newman|John Henry Newman]], one of the founders of the Oxford Movement. Therefore, Tolkien was a direct heir of this movement, and this would have a great impact on the Inklings. Cf. [[José Manuel Ferrández Bru]], ''[[La Conexion Española de J.R.R. Tolkien|"Uncle Curro". J.R.R. Tolkien's Spanish Connection]]'', "Tolkien and Cardinal Newman"</ref>

After Lewis's death, Tolkien once refused an invitation to write an obituary for him on religious grounds, stating that ''a Catholic could not possibly say anything sincere about Jack's books without giving widespread offence'' due to Lewis' bad understanding on denominational differences. However, he also imagined a reconciliation between Lewis and the Virgin Mary: ''According to my fashion and in a remote way this is an ingredient in the meeting of [[Gimli]] and [[Galadriel]]''.<ref>Unpublished [[Letter to George Sayer (28 November 1963)]]. Cf. quotes in [http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/tolkien-john-ronald-reuel-1892-1973-autograph-letter-3815315-details.aspx Christies' lot]</ref>

===Spiritual life===
[[File:Oxford Oratory.jpg|thumb|Mass at the Oxford Oratory Church of St Aloysius Gonzaga]]
For the many years Tolkien lived in Oxford, he had a routine life, in which he attended daily mass very early in the morning. He usually went with his children by bike to the 7:30am mass, served at [[:Wikipedia:Oxford Oratory|St Aloysius Catholic Church]].<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|115}} His wife Edith did not like at first that Tolkien took the children to church, as her view of Catholicism had declined over the years, even giving up attending mass. Sometimes the couple had tough discussions about this, which ended after a reconciliation in [[1940]], with Edith leaving any resentment towards religion and resuming interest in church affairs.<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|157}}

Humphrey Carpenter describes Tolkien's religion as "one of the deepest and strongest elements in his personality", affecting him both with great joy and sadness. This led him to have a strict spiritual practice, being very scrupulous when attending communion, which he denied himself if he had not confession before.<ref name="Bio" />{{rp|128}} It is probable that this excessive scrupulousness was episodic, not something typical of his daily life as presented by Carpenter: Tolkien did explain he always liked to go to Confession before receiving Communion,<ref name="Sayer">[[George Sayer]], "[http://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol21/iss2/6/ Recollections of J.R.R. Tolkien]", in ''[[Proceedings of the J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference]]'', ed. Patricia Reynolds and Glen H. GoodKnight, pp. 23-24</ref> but attending daily mass would imply many occasions of missing Confession. No spiritual director would allow this behaviour and it would contradict the own importance Tolkien gave to [[:Wikipedia:Frequent Communion|Frequent Communion]]:

{{blockquote|The only cure for sagging or fainting faith is Communion. Though always itself, perfect and complete and inviolate, the Blessed Sacrament does not operate completely and once for all in any of us. Like the act of Faith it must be continuous and grow by exercise. Seven times a week is more nourishing than seven times at intervals.|[[Letter 250]] (dated [[1 November]] [[1963]])}}

In any case, Tolkien did have a crisis of deep sadness, as he describes in one occasion in which was helped by [[Robert Havard|Humphrey Havard]], his personal doctor and fellow Catholic Inkling:

{{blockquote|All right now, but I've been in a very bad state. Humphrey came here and told me that I must go to confession and that he would come early on Sunday morning to take me to confession and communion. That's the sort of doctor to have.<ref name=Sayer/>}}

===Spiritual recommendations===
In his [[Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|published letters]], Tolkien deals many times with religious topics, and gave some spiritual advice, especially to his sons. He told his son [[Michael Tolkien|Michael]] about the importance of the Eucharist:

{{blockquote|Out of the darkness of my life, so much frustrated, I put before you the one great thing to love on earth: the Blessed Sacrament. [...] There you will find romance, glory, honour, fidelity, and the true way of all your loves on earth, and more than that: Death: by the divine paradox, that which ends life, and demands the surrender of all, and yet by the taste—or foretaste—of which alone can what you seek in your earthly relationships (love, faithfulness, joy) be maintained, or take on that complexion of reality, of eternal endurance, which every man’s heart desires.|[[Letter 43]] (dated [[6 March|6]]-[[8 March]] [[1941]])}}
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Gloria in Excelsis Deo Excerpt.png|thumb|Excerpt of the ''Gloria in Excelsis Deo'', transcribed by Tolkien with Tengwar]]
He even explains that this was why he believed in the [[:Wikipedia:Primacy of Peter|Petrine claims]], because along the history of Christianity, only the Pope had defended the Eucharist, giving it the main place as Christ intended.<ref name="Pope" />

Tolkien placed importance on prayer, considering that God was most ready to attend the prayers of the least worthy supplicants if they pray for others.<ref>{{L|312}}, p. 401</ref> While his son [[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher]] was in the war, Tolkien advised him to remember his [[:Wikipedia:Guardian angel|guardian angel]], as well as to recite memorised prayers in Latin: the [[:Wikipedia:Gloria Patri|Gloria Patri]], the [[:Wikipedia:Gloria in excelsis Deo|Gloria in Excelsis]], the [[:Wikipedia:Psalm 117|Laudate Dominum]], the [[:Wikipedia:Psalm 113|Laudate Pueri Dominum]] (which he especially liked), the Sunday psalms, the [[:Wikipedia:Magnificat|Magnificat]], the [[:Wikipedia:Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary|Litany of Loreto]], the [[:Wikipedia:Sub tuum praesidium|Sub tuum praesidium]], and even the [[:Wikipedia:Canon of the Mass|Canon of the Mass]] in case he could not attend mass.<ref>{{L|54}}, p. 66</ref>

===Rejection of liturgical reform===
Tolkien agreed "in the abstract" with the gradual liturgical reforms of the [[:Wikipedia:Liturgical Movement|Liturgical Movement]], but already in [[1956]] he expressed his sadness of knowing that some ceremonies and modes would never hear again.<ref>[[Letter to Patricia Kirke (28 March 1956)|Letter to Patricia Kirke]] ([[28 March]] [[1956]]), [[Gerard A.J. Stodolski Catalogue 299|Gerard A.J. Stodolski ''Catalogue 299'']] (1999), item 29</ref> In that year, the [[:Wikipedia:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII#Easter Vigil|new Easter Vigil]] had just been introduced, but in the following decade came a more significant liturgical reform after the [[:Wikipedia:Second Vatican Council|Second Vatican Council]]. The change of the Latin language with vernacular was rejected by Tolkien, both in theory and practice, as his grandson [[Simon Tolkien|Simon]] tells:

{{blockquote|I vividly remember going to church with him in [[Bournemouth]]. He was a devout Roman Catholic and it was soon after the Church had changed the liturgy from Latin to English. My Grandfather obviously didn't agree with this and made all the responses very loudly in Latin while the rest of the congregation answered in English. I found the whole experience quite excruciating, but My Grandfather was oblivious. He simply had to do what he believed to be right.|[[Simon Tolkien]], "[http://www.simontolkien.com/mygrandfather My Grandfather]" in ''The Mail On Sunday'', [[23 February]] [[2003]]}}

He did agree that the Church was a living organism that grew and changed with the ages, but precisely for that, the research for a simplified and primitive Christianity was a Protestant regression, "''and primitiveness is no guarantee of value and is and was in great part a reflection of ignorance''".<ref>{{L|306}}, pp. 393-394</ref> On the other hand, he frequently complained about how the translations of the new liturgy were inaccurate or in bad or clumsy English.<ref name="Sayer" /> But language was not the only change that affected Tolkien; he was saddened more by the spiritual decay that came thereafter: the irreverence and immodesty within churches, as well as unprepared priests. The first time he noticed that people no longer made genuflections, he was so disappointed that he rose up and stomped out of the church.<ref>[[Bradley J. Birzer]], "Roman, Catholicism", in [[Michael D.C. Drout]], ed., ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]'', p. 86</ref>

==Tolkien's works==
{{quote|His creation, as he himself said, was a kind of sub-creation under the inspiration and aegis of almighty God. His grand themes — good and evil, truth and falsehood, power and glory and honor and sacrifice — all flow forth from his Christian faith and his decidedly sacramental view of the world. For Tolkien, all the world is shot through with meaning by a Creator who loves mankind and is manifest in His works.|John Daniel Davidson<ref>{{webcite|author=John Daniel Davidson|articleurl=https://thefederalist.com/2021/06/18/in-an-affront-to-its-namesake-the-tolkien-society-goes-woke/|dated=18 June 2021|website=|accessed=23 June 2021}}</ref>}}

Tolkien himself admitted, "''The Lord of the Rings'' is of course a fundamentally religious and Catholic work, unconsciously so at first, but consciously in the revision."<ref>{{L|131}}</ref> Possible examples include as follows:
*Tolkien makes his world monotheistic with a single [[Eru|God]] who created all things by simply speaking it into being, which is consistent with the Christian view of the creation<ref>{{S|Ainu}}</ref>
*Tolkien writes, "Or more important, I am a Christian (which can be deduced from my stories), and in fact a Roman Catholic. The latter 'fact' perhaps cannot be deduced; though one critic (by letter) asserted that the invocations of [[Elbereth]], and the character of [[Galadriel]] as directly described (or through the words of [[Gimli]] and [[Sam]]) were clearly related to Catholic devotion to Mary. Another saw in waybread ([[lembas]])= viaticum and the reference to its feeding the ''will'' (vol. III, p. 213) and being more potent when fasting, a derivation from the [[:Wikipedia:Eucharist|Eucharist]]. (That is: far greater things may colour the mind in dealing with the lesser things of a fairy-story.)"<ref>{{L|213}}</ref>

===Invented languages===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Credo.png|200px|thumb|''[[:Wikipedia:Nicene Creed|Nicene Creed]]'' in Latin, transcribed by Tolkien with Tengwar]]
The early ''[[Qenya Lexicon]]'' (written in [[1915]], before Tolkien had written any of the [[Lost Tales]]) included a remarkable set of religious words, not only related with the later stories (like ''[[Vala]]'', ''[[Ainu]]''), but also with explicit Christian themes. Thus we have ''evandilyon'' ("gospel"), ''tarwe'' ("crucifix"), ''valmandui'' ("heaven and hell"), ''anusta'' ("monastery"), among others.<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=http://eldamo.org/content/category-indexes/categories-eq.html#RB|articlename=Early Quenya Semantic Categories: Religion and Beliefs|website=Eldamo|accessed=}}</ref> We cannot know if he ever used this vocabulary or if it was just composed as an expression of his own daily life. In the later years, his Elvish [[languages]] focused only on his stories, so this vocabulary was left behind.

However, years later, when he invented the [[Tengwar]] script in early [[1930]]s, he enjoyed transcribing poems and texts, including many excerpts from the Roman Missal and other prayers.<ref>{{PE|20}}, pp. 4-6</ref>

He used again his invented languages with religious purposes in the decade of [[1950]], when his languages were more mature, as he had finished ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Translating directly from the Latin versions, he made [[Quenya]] translations of the Lord's Prayer (''[[Átaremma]]''), the Ave Maria (''[[Aia María]]''), Sub tuum praesidium (''[[Ortirielyanna]]'') and Gloria in excelsis (''[[Alcar mi Tarmenel na Erun]]''). Other unfinished translations are the Quenya ''[[Litany of Loreto]]'' and ''[[Alcar i Ataren]]'', and the [[Sindarin]] ''[[Ae Adar Nín]]''.

==Tolkien’s Influence==
In his first encyclical ''Magnifica Humanitas'' (15 May 2026), Pope Leo XIV explicitly drew upon the moral vision of J.R.R. Tolkien, quoting ''The Lord of the Rings'' to illuminate the Church’s teaching on human dignity in the age of artificial intelligence. In paragraph 213 of the encyclical, the Pope cites Gandalf’s counsel from ''The Return of the King'', emphasizing the responsibility of each person to resist the evils of their own time through small acts of fidelity:{{blockquote|The twentieth-century Catholic author J.R.R. Tolkien, in the words of a protagonist in one of his novels, described our responsibility in this way: 'It is not our part to master all the tides of the world, but to do what is in us for the succour of those years wherein we are set, uprooting the evil in the fields that we know, so that those who live after may have clean earth to till.'|''Magnifica Humanitas'', §213 <ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html|articlename=Encyclical letter Magnifica Humanitas|author=Pope Leo XIV|dated=2026-05-25|accessed=2026-05-26}}</ref> }}

==External links==
*[http://tolkienandchristianity.blogspot.com/ The Catholic Imagination of J.R.R. Tolkien]
*{{WP|Christianity in Middle-earth}}
*[https://www.ancientfaith.com/podcasts/amonsul Amon Sûl] - A podcast about Tolkien's life and works from an Orthodox Christian perspective, hosted by Orthodox Archpriest Andrew Stephen Damick.

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Tolkien studies]]

Elanor Gardner

2026-05-20T16:38:34Z

ElwingNinque: /* Life */ typo

{{disambig-more|Elanor|[[Elanor (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| name=Elanor Gardner
| image=Jenny Dolfen - Elanor the Fair.jpg
| caption="Elanor the Fair" by [[:Category:Images by Jenny Dolfen|Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]] [[Undertowers]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=[[25 March]] {{TA|3021}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=After {{FoA|61}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Gardner Family|Gardner]]
| parentage=[[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Rose Cotton]]
| siblings=[[Frodo Gardner|Frodo]], [[Rose Gardner|Rose]], [[Merry Gardner|Merry]], [[Pippin Gardner|Pippin]], [[Goldilocks Gardner|Goldilocks]], [[Hamfast Gardner|Hamfast]], [[Daisy Gardner|Daisy]], [[Primrose Gardner|Primrose]], [[Bilbo Gardner|Bilbo]], [[Ruby Gardner|Ruby]], [[Robin Gardner|Robin]] and [[Tolman Gardner|Tom]]
| spouse=[[Fastred of Greenholm]]
| children=[[Elfstan Fairbairn|Elfstan]] and [[Fíriel Fairbairn|Fíriel]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Blonde (red-gold<ref name="Epilogue"/>{{rp|122}})
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|You were born at the end of a great age, Elanorellë|[[Samwise Gamgee]]<ref name="Epilogue">{{SD|Epilogue}}</ref>}}
'''Elanor Fairbairn (née Gamgee or Gardner)''' was the first child of Master [[Samwise Gamgee]] and his wife [[Rose Cotton]].
==Life==
Called "The Fair" for her golden hair, she was born 25 March {{SR|1421|n}} by [[Shire Calendar|Shire Reckoning]] (which was {{TA|3021}}), which was at the same time the first day of the [[Fourth Age]] in Gondor.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> Elanor was also the only one of Samwise's children known to the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and her name was a suggestion by him.<ref name="Havens" />

In {{SR|1436}}, Elanor spoke with her father about the importance of the [[War of the Ring]] and the nearing arrival of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] and Queen Arwen for a visit. Elanor's affectionate name for her father is "Sam-dad", while Sam calls her "''Elanorellë''".<ref name="Epilogue" /> When Elessar arrived, Elanor became a maid of honour to Queen [[Arwen|Arwen Evenstar]], and in {{SR|1442}} she rode to [[Gondor]] with her parents and stayed there for a year. In {{SR|1451|n}} she married [[Fastred of Greenholm]]. [[Fourth Age 34|Four years later]], Fastred was named [[Warden of Westmarch]] by the [[Thain]] at the request of Samwise, and the couple moved to the [[Undertowers]] on the [[Tower Hills]].<ref name="later">{{App|Later}}</ref>

She last saw her father in {{SR|1482|n}} when he came to the [[Tower Hills]], passing to her the [[Red Book]]. so Elanor and her line became the keepers of the [[Red Book of Westmarch]], and handed down the tradition that Sam passed to the [[Undying Lands]].<ref name="later" />

Her two children were [[Elfstan Fairbairn|Elfstan]], born in {{SR|1454|n}},<ref name="later" /> and [[Fíriel Fairbairn|Fíriel]].<ref>{{AB|Preface}}, note 2</ref> Her descendants (becoming known as the [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairns of the Towers]]) would live for many generations.<ref name="later" />

==Etymology==
The name is a reference to the ''[[Elanor (flower)|sun-star]]'', a little golden flower blooming in the land of [[Lothlórien]] — this perfectly satisfied Sam's desire for a name that was both [[Elvish]] and yet at the same time a simple flower-name as many hobbit-lasses had.<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Elanor and Samwise.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
File:Elanor Gardner - The Lord of the Rings Aragorn's Quest.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
File:Torgeir Fjereide - Elanor Gardner.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: Tales of Middle-earth]]''
</gallery>
'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Elanor can be heard crying as Frodo ([[Ian Holm]]) tells Sam ([[Bill Nighy]]) that he must go on with his life. The crying is actually by Holm's son, [[Harry Holm|Harry]].

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Elanor was played by [[Alexandra Astin]], the daughter of [[Sean Astin]].

'''2010: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'':'''
:Elanor is available as a second player, playing Gandalf to [[Frodo Gardner|Frodo]]'s Aragorn. She wears a wizard's hat and a stick to serve as a staff.

{{References}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Gamgee]]
[[Category:Gardner]]
[[Category:Fairbairn]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Elanor Gamdschie]]
[[fi:Elanor Gamgi]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:gamegie:elanor gamegie]]

Númenor

2026-05-12T10:54:47Z

ElwingNinque: the name Vinya

{{disambig-two|the Mannish realm of the Second Age|island where it was located|[[Elenna]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=John Howe - Numenor.png
| name=Númenor
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈnuːmenor]}}
| othernames=Westernesse ''Númenórë'', ''Andor'', ''[[Elenna]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) ''Anadûnê'', ''Yôzâyan'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])
| location=In [[Belegaer]], between [[Middle-earth]] and [[Aman]]
| capital=[[Armenelos]]
| towns=[[Andúnië]], [[Eldalondë]], [[Rómenna]], [[Ondosto]], [[Nindamos]]
| regions=[[Forostar]], [[Andustar]], [[Hyarnustar]], [[Hyarrostar]], [[Orrostar]], [[Mittalmar]], [[Emerië]], [[Nísimaldar]]
| population=Primarily [[Númenóreans]] (Few [[Drúedain]] briefly lived on the island)
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]
| govern1=[[King of Númenor|King]]/[[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Queen]]
| govern2=[[Council of the Sceptre]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=[[Three Prayers]]: [[Erukyermë]], [[Erulaitalë]], [[Eruhantalë]]
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{SA|32}}
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{SA|3319}}
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=[[Realms in Exile]]
}}
{{Quote|The Edain came at last over leagues of sea and saw afar the land that was prepared for them, Andor, the Land of Gift, shimmering in a golden haze. Then they went up out of the sea and found a country fair and fruitful, and they were glad.|''[[Akallabêth]]''}}

'''Númenor''' or '''Númenórë''', known in the [[Westron|Common Speech]] as '''[[Westernesse]]''' and in [[Adûnaic]] as '''[[Anadûnê]]''', was one of the names of the isle of [[Elenna]], which was raised from the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] by the [[Valar]] at the beginning of the [[Second Age]]. While strictly speaking, the term ''Númenor'' referred to the realm established on the island, it was more often used as a synonym for the land itself. Númenor was one of the most powerful realms of the Second Age, and its people, called [[Númenóreans]], as well as their descendants, continued to have considerable influence through the [[Third Age]].

==Geography==
{{main|Elenna}}
The island of Númenor was shaped like a 5-pointed star with each peninsular promontory having its own unique geological and physical features and names: [[Forostar]], [[Andustar]], [[Hyarnustar]], [[Hyarrostar]] and [[Orrostar]].<ref name="Numenor">{{UT|Numenor}}</ref><ref name="NMap">{{UT|NMap}}</ref>

The central region was named [[Mittalmar]], and in its centre stood the holy mountain [[Meneltarma]].<ref name="Numenor" /><ref name="NMap" />

Númenor had only two rivers: [[Siril]] and [[Nunduinë]].<ref name="Numenor" /><ref name="NMap" />

The Númenóreans built several settlements on the island. The capital [[Armenelos]], as well as [[Andúnië]], [[Nindamos]], [[Eldalondë]], [[Rómenna]]<ref name="NMap" /> [[Ondosto]]<ref name="Numenor" /> and [[Almaida]].<ref>{{UT|Introduction}}, Part Two, I</ref>

==History==
===Foundation===
{{seealso|Númenóreans#Origins}}
[[File:Felix Sotomayor - Numenor.jpg|thumb|left|''Numenor'' by Felix Sotomayor]]
Númenor was the kingdom of the [[Dúnedain]], located on an island in the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]], between Middle-earth and [[Aman]]. The land was brought up from the sea by [[Ossë]] as a gift to the [[Edain]] for their part in the war against [[Morgoth]].<ref name="akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> It was also called ''Elenna'' ("Starwards") because the Edain were led to it by the [[Star of Eärendil]], and because the island was in the shape of a five-pointed star. The first ships of the Edain arrived at the island in {{SA|32}}. [[Elros]], son of [[Eärendil]] was the first [[King of Númenor]], taking the name of [[Elros|Tar-Minyatur]] ("First King").<ref name="APSA">{{App|SA}}</ref> The majority of the Edain gradually migrated to the island in the next fifty years<ref>{{PM|V}}, §5</ref> and the [[Drúedain]] refugees who dwelt at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] before the sinking of [[Beleriand]] were permitted to join them.<ref name="Druedain">{{UT|Druedain}}</ref>

The Elves of [[Tol Eressëa]] visited the island and brought many gifts, such as birds and plants, and shared their lore and skills with the Men. The descendants of the Edain rose to become a powerful race of Men, the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="akallabeth" />

===Return to Middle-earth===
The Númenóreans were forbidden by the Valar from sailing so far westward that Númenor was no longer visible, for fear that they would come upon the [[Undying Lands]], from which Men were [[Ban of the Valar|barred]]. They tried to compensate for this by going eastward and they reached the shores of Middle-earth in {{SA|600}}.<ref name="APSA" /> Arriving in [[Lindon]], they were welcomed by [[Gil-galad]], and an alliance between Númenor and the [[Elves of Lindon]] was formed.<ref name="UTAE3">{{UT|4}}, Note 3</ref> The Númenóreans made contact with the [[Middle Men|Men of Eriador]] teaching them several crafts. They instructed them and helped free them from the [[Shadow]] which they had been under for centuries.<ref name="akallabeth" />

In {{SA|750}} the [[Guild of Venturers]] was established by Prince [[Aldarion]], son of the king [[Tar-Meneldur]], to facilitate the growing interest in seafaring in Númenor.<ref>{{UT|4}}, Notes, Chronology</ref> Aldarion built the haven of [[Vinyalondë]], situated in the mouth of the river [[Gwathló]] between great forests to the north and south. The native people of [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]] tolerated the Númenórean presence in the area until they began cutting the trees for timber, and hostility grew between the two peoples.<ref name="UTLD">{{UT|6d}}</ref>

===War with Sauron===
{{seealso|War of the Elves and Sauron}}
In {{SA|882}} Tar-Meneldur received a [[Gil-galad's letter|letter]] from Gil-galad warning of a new shadow rising in the East, declaring that a [[Sauron|servant]] of [[Morgoth]] was behind it and asking for aid to defend Eriador when the time came. Tar-Meneldur was disturbed by this letter and in his wisdom resigned the [[Sceptre of Númenor|Sceptre]] to his son, knowing that he had the better understanding of what was transpiring in the [[Great Lands]] due to the many years he spent abroad.<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> Tar-Aldarion returned to Middle-earth in earnest to continue his work while Númenor began preparation for war.<ref name="CGC">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

About {{SA|1200}}, Númenóreans began establishing permanent settlements in Middle-earth<ref name="APSA" /> which were later attacked by raiders sent by Sauron as he drew closer to invading Eriador. Although they were unable to destroy the havens and forts, their assaults disrupted the Númenórean lumber industry.<ref name="UTLD" />

In {{SA|1695}}, Sauron launched his [[War of the Elves and Sauron|invasion]] of Eriador<ref name="APSA" /> and Gil-galad sent word to Númenor for aid. [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a great navy, but by the time it reached the coasts of Middle-earth in {{SA|1700}}, Eriador was mostly in ruin. The Númenóreans and Elves [[Battle of the Gwathló|defeated]] Sauron bringing peace to the [[Westlands]].<ref name="CGC" />

===Shadow over Númenor===
[[File:Tolrone - Numenor (2).jpg|thumb|''Númenor'' by [[:Category:Images by Tolrone|Tolrone]]]]
The might of Númenor was revealed during that victory, and soon the Númenóreans became too proud and desired more wealth and power. About {{SA|1800|}} they established dominions on the shores of Middle-earth, becoming a brutal maritime empire that had no rival.<ref name="APSA" /> They demanded tribute from the lesser peoples which they had liberated and taught, and now oppressed.

In Númenor there was growing discontent regarding [[Ban of the Valar]], questioning the [[Gift of Men]] and becoming envious of the immortality of the Eldar. They longed for [[Eldamar]], which they saw only from a distance.<ref name="APNK">{{App|A1i}}</ref> Fearing death, they tried to gain some form of immortality in riches and ornate tombs. This discontent began during the reigns of [[Tar-Ciryatan]] and his son [[Tar-Atanamir]]. It was the latter that started to speak openly against the Valar, and many Númenóreans followed his teachings.<ref name="Line">{{UT|Kings}}</ref>

===Division===
In {{SA|2251}}, during the reign of [[Tar-Ancalimon]], the Men of Númenor were split into two factions. The larger following were the [[King's Men]], who followed the king and abandoned the Elven customs and languages. The other was the [[Faithful]], who remained loyal to the Valar and friendly towards the Elves.<ref name="APNK" /> Both had havens in Middle-earth such as [[Umbar]] and [[Pelargir]]; the King's Men extended their dominion in [[Harad|the south]], pushing away even Sauron who was afraid of them.<ref name="APSA" />

In {{SA|2899}} [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]] took the Sceptre<ref name="APSA" /> and became the first king to choose an [[Adûnaic]] title and not one in [[Quenya]].<ref name="Line" /> During his reign, the Faithful were persecuted and the Elven-tongue was no longer used or taught in Númenor. Elves seldom sailed to the island then, except in secret.

The Faithful remained in [[Andúnië]], and the Faithful [[Lords of Andúnië]], because of their noble heritage, still had some gravity in the meetings of nobles. However, in the 32nd century, [[Ar-Gimilzôr]] forced them to relocate to [[Rómenna]], and the haven was closed to the Elven visitors. Many of them would depart to Middle-earth to remain among the Eldar.<ref name="akallabeth" />

===Civil War===
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Eagles of the lords of the Valar.jpg|left|thumb|''The Eagles of the lords of the Valar'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
The 24th king, [[Tar-Palantir]], briefly attempted to cast the Shadow back and reunite the people with the Elves and the Valar, but was unable to appease the Valar during his lifetime and no ship came ever again from the west. The Faithful for some time had peace on the island, but the policies of the king were met with opposition by his brother [[Gimilkhâd]], who took leadership of the King's Men. Tar-Palantir prophesied that when the [[Nimloth (tree)|White Tree]] died, the line of Kings would perish also.<ref name="Line" />

Gimilkhâd had a son, [[Pharazôn]], who was a mighty Númenórean lord, spending many years abroad fighting in wars seeking to extend the dominion of Númenor in Middle-earth, and was a renowned captain on land and sea.<ref name="akallabeth" /> After hearing the news of his father's death in {{SA|3243}}, Pharazôn returned to Númenor, took leadership of the King's Men, and led a rebellion against his uncle Tar-Palantir.<ref name="APSA" />

When Tar-Palantir died, he had no male heir, only a daughter [[Tar-Míriel]]. She was posed to succeed her father, but Pharazôn usurped the Sceptre and forced her into marriage against her will and against the laws of Númenor, which prohibited first cousins from marrying. He proclaimed himself Ar-Pharazôn the Golden and changed the name of Míriel to Ar-Zimraphel.<ref name="akallabeth" />

===Sauron===
In {{SA|3261}}, [[Ar-Pharazôn]] sailed to Middle-earth to defeat a resurgent Sauron. Seeing the might of Númenor, Sauron willingly submitted to the king's authority, and he was brought back to Númenor as a hostage. By that time, however, the Drúedain of Númenor had sensed a coming darkness and all of them had abandoned the island for Middle-earth.<ref name="Druedain" /> Sauron soon became an adviser to the King as Tar-Mairon, and promised the Númenóreans would achieve eternal life if they worshipped [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. Under the counsel of Sauron, the Númenóreans became even more warlike, hunting the Men of Middle-earth and enslaving them. Ar-Pharazôn had a five hundred foot temple to Melkor erected, in which the enslaved Men, as well as members of the Faithful were sacrificed.<ref name="akallabeth" />

During this time, the white tree [[Nimloth the Fair]], whose fate was said to be tied to the line of kings, was chopped down and burned as a sacrifice to Melkor. Risking his life, [[Isildur]] rescued a fruit of the tree, preserving the ancient line of trees.<ref name="akallabeth" />

===Destruction===
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_The_Ships_of_the_Faithful.jpg|right|thumb|''The Ships of the Faithful'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
{{main|Downfall of Númenor}}
Prompted by Sauron and fearing death and old age, Ar-Pharazôn built a great armada to make war upon the Valar and seize the Undying Lands. The Valar displayed warnings to the Men of Westernesse in the form of clouds shaped like huge eagles, but they paid no heed to these manifestations.<ref name="akallabeth" /> In {{SA|3319}} Ar-Pharazôn landed on the shores of Aman.<ref name="APSA" />

Fearing that the Númenórean army could wreak havoc in [[Valinor]],<ref>{{L|131}}</ref> but forbidden from killing or otherwise using force against Men,<ref>{{L|156}}</ref><ref>{{MR|P4k}}, p. 350</ref> the Valar called upon Eru Ilúvatar for assistance. He broke and changed the world, taking Aman and Tol Eressëa from the world forever, and changing the world's shape from flat to round. The massive fleet was consumed when Ilúvatar opened up a chasm in the sea. Númenor, likewise, was covered by great waves and sank into the abyss, killing its inhabitants, including the body of Sauron who remained behind and now was robbed of his ability to assume fair and charming forms.<ref name="akallabeth" />

[[Elendil]], son of the [[Amandil|leader]] of the Faithful during the reign of Ar-Pharazôn, his sons and his followers had foreseen the disaster that was to befall Númenor, and they had set sail in nine ships before the island fell. They landed in Middle-earth, gathered the Númenórean and indigenous peoples living there, and founded the kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name="akallabeth" />

After its fall Númenor was called ''Atalantë'', meaning "the Downfallen", in the [[Quenya]] language. Other names after the Downfall include ''Mar-nu-Falmar'' ("Land under the Waves") and ''[[Akallabêth]]'' ("the Downfallen" in Adûnaic).

The story of the rise and downfall of Númenor is told in ''[[Akallabêth]]''.

==Politics==
Númenor was a monarchy. The King held the power of decision over the affairs of the state. However, there was an advisory body, the [[Council of the Sceptre]], which consisted of the Heir of the King and lords from the six regions of Númenor: [[Forostar]] (''Northlands''), [[Andustar]] (''Westlands''), [[Hyarnustar]] (''Southwestlands''), [[Hyarrostar]] (''Southeastlands''), [[Orrostar]] (''Eastlands'') and [[Mittalmar]] (''Inlands'').

There were two main political parties: Elendili, the [[Faithful]], led by the Lords of Andúnië, always loyal to the Elves. In the later years, they were a small group, oppressed by the opposing [[King's Men]] who rebelled against the Valar and their ban, and set dominions among the Men of Middle-earth and laid heavy tribute upon them. As their number and power increased, the King's Men forced the Elendili to move from [[Andúnië]] to the eastern side of the island, at [[Rómenna]]. [[Pelargir]] was a harbour built where the river [[Sirith]] met [[Anduin]] and it was founded by the Faithful in {{SA|2350}}.

Respected as a law was the [[Ban of the Valar]], which stated that Númenóreans should never sail West more than the limit of their sight when looking after their shores. As the fear of death filled more and more the hearts of the Númenóreans, they sailed further away from the island, until finally the last king, Ar-Pharazôn, broke the Ban in his attempt to reach [[Tol Eressëa]] out of the false belief that dwelling in Aman granted immortality.

===Rulership===
{{main|House of Elros}}
Númenóreans from the [[Line of Elros]] had the right to inherit the [[Sceptre]] and thus become Rulers of Númenor. In total 25 [[King of Númenor|Kings]] and [[Ruling Queen of Númenor|Queens]] ruled Númenor.<ref name="Line" /> While the Númenóreans lived around 200 years, for many generations the descendants of Elros had a double life span of 400 years, but their life span decreased after the shadow fell on Númenor.<ref>{{UT|5a}}, note 1</ref>

Of great importance was the [[Law of Succession in Númenor]] which established the heir to the throne. It started as an inherited custom, which gave exclusive rights to the male descendants of Elros.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, ''The Further Course of the Narrative''</ref> Tar-Aldarion, the sixth ruler of Númenor, only had one daughter and replaced the principle of exclusive male heir with that of eldest progeny, of any gender. in {{SA|1075}} [[Tar-Ancalimë]] became the first ruling queen in the history of Númenor.<ref name="Aldarion">{{UT|Kings}}, entry VI ''Tar-Aldarion''</ref>

Númenórean Kings and Queens influenced their era in various ways:

*[[Tar-Aldarion]], a great mariner, shipbuilder and explorer of Middle-earth<ref name="Aldarion" /> who established the haven of [[Vinyalonde]]
*[[Tar-Ancalimë]], the first Ruling Queen of Númenor who neglected all her father's policies after his death<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, entry VII ''Tar-Ancalimë''</ref>
*[[Tar-Minastir]], sent a fleet that helped the Elves to defeat [[Sauron]]<ref name="CGC" /><ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1700, p. 1083</ref><ref>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XI ''Tar-Minastir''</ref><ref>{{UT|5a}}, Note 9</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xviii}}, p. 370</ref>
*[[Ar-Adûnakhôr]], banned the speaking of Quenya and severed relationships with the Eldar<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XX ''Ar-Adûnakhôr (Tar-Herunúmen)''</ref>
*[[Ar-Pharazôn]], last in the line of rulers, whose ursurping of the kingship led directly to the [[Akallabêth|Downfall of Númenor]]<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XXIV ''Tar-Palantir (Ar-Inziladûn), second paragraph''</ref><ref>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XXV ''Ar-Pharazôn (Tar-Calion)''</ref>

===Lords of Andúnië===
{{Main|Lords of Andúnië}}
During the time of princess [[Silmariën]], the law of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture agnatic primogeniture] existed. She could not succeed her father as his eldest child, and her [[Tar-Meneldur|brother]] took up the [[Sceptre]]. In her honour was created the title "[[Lords of Andúnië]]", which was set upon her first son, [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]], and his 18 descendants; the last one was [[Amandil]], father of [[Elendil]]. During the dark times of Númenor, the Lords were renowned for their friendship with the Eldar, and leaders of the [[Elendili]].
The Númenóreans were extremely skilled in arts and craft, with the forging of weapons and armour; although they were a peaceful people, their weapons, armour, and horse-riding skills could not be contested anywhere else in [[Arda]], save by the [[Valar]]. But the Númenóreans were not warmongers; hence, the chief art on the island became that of ship-building and sea-craft. The Númenóreans became great mariners, exploring the world in all directions save for the west, where the [[Ban of the Valar]] was in force. They often travelled to the shores of Middle-earth, teaching the men there crafts, and introducing farming in order to improve their lives.

==Culture==
[[File:Matěj Čadil - A Royal Wedding in Numenor.jpg|thumb|''A Royal Wedding in Númenor'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
{{main|Númenóreans}}
The fleet of Elros initially brought probably between 5,000 to 10,000 Edain to Númenor. After a migration period that lasted at least 50 years, between 200,000 and 350,000 Edain had emigrated to Númenor. After a thousand years the population seemed to have slightly exceeded 2 million people. The population may have reached 15 million people before the Downfall of Númenor.<ref>{{NM|P3xiii|}}, p. 339</ref> They were known as the Númenóreans, or rather, ''Kings among Men''.

The population of Númenor chiefly consisted of [[Edain]], mostly descendants from the [[House of Hador]]; however, before the Shadow fell on the island, the westernmost cities such as [[Andúnië]] contained a small population of [[Elves]]{{fact}} because of the frequent visits from Tol Eressëa.

There were also a small number of [[Drúedain]] living in Númenor, who, considered to be Edain, accompanied their friends of the [[House of Haleth]] to Númenor. They were few in number and dreaded the sea. They became uneasy when [[Tar-Aldarion]] started his great travels and urged him not to go, seeing the mischief to come. They did not succeed in deterring him, and one after another they took ships towards Middle-earth, saying that, "the Great Isle no longer feels sure under our feet, and we wish to return to the lands whence we came". The last of them left when Sauron was brought to Númenor.

==Etymology==
''Númenor'' is a shortened form of the [[Quenya]] name ''Númenórë'', which can be translated as '<nowiki/>'''Westernesse'<nowiki/>''' or '<nowiki/>'''Westland''''.<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> The name is a compound of [[númen|''nūme-n'']] "going down" (from the [[Sundocarme|root]] √ndū, nū), sunset, West, and [[nóre|''nōre'']] "land, country".<ref>{{L|227}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Carl F. Hostetter]]|articleurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330024158/http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/lambengolmor/conversations/messages/1144 |articlename=Holograph MS of Letter 227, correcting published etymology of "Númenor" (#1144)|dated=15 December 2013|website=Lambe|accessed=13 June 2022}}</ref>

==Other names==
The land most commonly referred to as ''Númenor'' (Westernesse, Westland) had a variety of other names:
*''[[Anadûnê]]'', "Westernesse" in [[Adûnaic]].<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Anadûnê''</ref>
*''[[Andor]]'', "[[Land of Gift|The Land of Gift]]" in [[Quenya]].<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Andor''</ref>
*''[[Elenna]]'', "Starwards" in Quenya.<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Elenna''</ref>
*''Elenna-nórë'', "The land named Starwards" in Quenya.<ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''* Elenna-nórë''</ref>
*''[[Yôzâyan]]'', "The Land of Gift" in Adûnaic.<ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''* Yôzâyan''</ref>
*''Great Isle'', name used by the [[Drúedain]]<ref>{{UT|12c}}, note 7</ref>
*''The Land of the Star''<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Land of the Star''</ref>
*''Vinya,'' "the Young", original name of the isle of Númenor among its own folk<ref>{{SD|3i}}</ref>
and after its downfall:
*''[[Akallabêth]]'', "The Downfallen" in Adûnaic.<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Akallabêth''</ref><ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Akallabêth''</ref>
*''[[Atalantë]]'', "The Downfallen" in Quenya.<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Atalantë''</ref>
*''[[Mar-nu-Falmar]]'', "The Land under the Waves" in [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Mar-nu-Falmar''</ref>

==Inspiration==
Númenor is an alteration of the [[Wikipedia:Atlantis|Atlantis]] mythos in Tolkien's legendarium.<ref name="L276">{{L|276}}, sixth paragraph</ref><ref>{{L|227}}, first paragraph</ref><ref>{{L|294}}, twelfth section of the commentary on the draft text</ref> Notably, he referred to a recurring "[[Atlantis-haunting|Atlantis dream]]" he had.<ref name="L276" /><ref>{{L|163}}, fifth paragraph</ref><ref>{{L|257}}, eighth paragraph</ref> The connection is more evident in the name ''[[Atalantë]]'', another epithet of the Island which in [[Quenya]] means "the downfallen" (note that in Greek, ''Atlantis'' is related to [[Wikipedia:Atlas|Atlas]]; therefore ''Atalantë'' has no direct connection. In fact, Tolkien, upon realising the similarity, described it as a "curious chance"<ref>{{L|257|1}}</ref>).

[[wikipedia:Plato|Plato]], the ancient Greek philosopher, recounted the story of Atlantis. According to him, Atlantis was in the middle of the ocean in the West (cf. [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]), its people were more advanced than those of the known world (cf. [[Kings of Men]]) but were corrupted by arrogance; the continent was destroyed by the gods and survivors created colonies, as in Egypt (cf. [[Realms in Exile]]). Also according to Plato, the centre of Atlantis was occupied by a high mountain-palace (cf. [[Meneltarma]]) around which a city of three circles was built, quite different from the star-shaped island of Númenor. Another element with both common and different points between the two stories is that Númenor sank when the fleet was attacking the West, while Atlantis sank during a sea-battle with the Athenians in the east.

Some parts of Númenor's history seem to have been inspired not only by Plato but also by researchers and occultists whose theories were widespread during Tolkien's time.

Ignatius Loyola Donnelly and Edgar Cayce were the most famous authors regarding Atlantis and mentioned events and concepts that Plato never did. One of those "original" elements told by modern authors and mystics was a civil war between two factions of Atlanteans (good and evil)<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_race#The_civilization_of_Atlantis</ref> which is similar to the persecution of the [[Elf-friends]] by the [[King's Men]].

According to those theories, remnants of Atlantean civilization survived by colonists or survivors in Egypt (and in Pre-Columbian America), which mirrors the [[Realms in Exile]] founded by the Faithful. Tolkien once wrote that the Númenóreans of Gondor resembled the love of, and ability to make gigantic and massive constructions and the great interest in ancestry and tombs of the ancient Egyptians.<ref>{{L|211}}, Question 4</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[C.S. Lewis]]' misspelled<ref name="letter">[[C.S. Lewis]], ''[[The Collected Letters of C.S. Lewis]], Volume 3: Narnia, Cambridge, and Joy'', "To William L. Kinter (BOD)", beginning of the third paragraph</ref> '''Numinor''' in his poem ''The End of the Wine'',<ref name="poem">{{webcite|author=Tolkien Collector's Guide|articleurl=https://www.tolkienguide.com/guide/letters/2367?q=filter%3Aall_letters+order%3Aadded|articlename=TCG Letter #2367|dated=3 October 1963|website=[https://www.tolkienguide.com/ Tolkien Collector's Guide]}}</ref> and makes reference to "Numinor and the [[Undying Lands|True West]]" in his [[1945]] novel ''[[The Space Trilogy|That Hideous Strength]]'' which Lewis credits as a then-unpublished [[The Lost Road|creation]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].<ref name="Preface">[[C.S. Lewis]], ''[[The Space Trilogy|That Hideous Strength]]'', "Preface"</ref> This is one of many examples of cross-overs between the novels of Lewis and Tolkien, both of whom were members of the [[Inklings]], a literary discussion group at [[Oxford University]]. The misspelling<ref name="letter" /> came from Lewis's only hearing Tolkien say the name in one of his readings.<ref>{{LE|131}}</ref><ref>{{LE|169}}</ref><ref>{{LE|221}}</ref><ref>{{LE|276}}</ref>

The world of [http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/Charn Charn] from Lewis' ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]'' series bears some similarities with Númenor: both Númenor and Charn were initially ruled by wise and benevolent rulers who later became corrupted, cruel and evil, culminating with their respective final rulers ([[Ar-Pharazôn]] for Númenor; the White Witch [http://narnia.wikia.com/wiki/Jadis Jadis] for Charn) causing the destruction of both realms.

:'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', Season One:'''
:The Númenórean architecture was designed to convey the nature of the Númenórean people.<ref name="VFFeb2022">{{webcite|author=Anthony Breznican, Joanna Robinson|articleurl=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/02/amazon-the-rings-of-power-series-first-look|articlename=Amazon's Lord of the Rings Series Rises: Inside The Rings of Power|dated=10 February 2022|website=Vanity Fair}}</ref><ref name="May2022ScreeningTOR3">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://www.theonering.net/torwp/2022/06/10/113318-showrunners-and-john-howe-reveal-more-of-rings-of-power/|articlename=Showrunners and John Howe reveal more of Rings of Power|dated=10 June 2022|website=[[TheOneRing.net]]}}</ref> The set of the city is described as "an entire seaside city" with buildings, alleyways, shrines, graffiti, and a ship docked at the harbour.<ref name="EWNumenorJul2022">{{webcite|author=Devan Coggan|articleurl=https://ew.com/tv/lord-of-the-rings-the-rings-of-power-numenor-first-look/|articlename=Get an exclusive look at 'The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power'|dated=13 July 2022|website=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> [[Ramsey Avery]], the production designer, based Númenor's "looming marble structures" on Ancient Greece and Venice, while he used a blue colour to reflect an emphasis on water and sailing.<ref name="EWAveryJul2022">{{webcite|author=Devan Coggan|articleurl=https://ew.com/tv/lord-of-the-rings-the-rings-of-power-production-design/|articlename=How 'The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power' crafted a new (old) Middle-earth|dated=19 July 2022|website=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[King of Númenor]]
*[[Númenóreans]]

==External links==
*[http://sdgeard.customer.netspace.net.au/hccnum.html A History and Complete Chronology of Númenor] - A detailed chronology of Númenor, its successor states and their rulers.
*[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=38 Article] concerning the position of Numenor.

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[[Category:Islands]]
[[Category:Númenor| ]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]

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File:Matěj Čadil.jpg

2026-04-16T07:56:39Z

ElwingNinque:

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=Matěj Čadil wearing the official [[Oxonmoot 2025]] t-shirt that he designed.
|date=2025-10-10 15:12:47
|source=http://www.angrenost.cz/clanek.php?akce=clanek&id=250
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{CC-BY-NC-layout|version=4.0|attribution=Matěj Čadil}}
[[Category:Images of Matěj Čadil]]

Matěj Čadil

2026-04-16T07:48:06Z

ElwingNinque: photo

{{artist infobox
| image=Matěj Čadil.jpg
| name=Matěj Čadil
| born=[[5 December|December 5]], [[1985]]
| died=
| style=traditional art
| images=[[:Category:Images by Matěj Čadil|Images by Matěj Čadil]]
| location=Prague, Czech Republic
| website=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
}}
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Niggles Wet Bicycle Ride.jpg|thumb|"Niggle’s Wet Bicycle Ride" by Matěj Čadil, shortlisted for Tolkien Society Award 2025]]
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Road Goes Ever On-2023.jpg|thumb|"The Road Goes Ever On" by Matěj Čadil, shortlisted for Tolkien Society Award 2024]]
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Curious Fox.jpg|thumb|"The Curious Fox" by Matěj Čadil, shortlisted for Tolkien Society Award 2022]]

'''Matěj Čadil''' (born [[5 December|December 5]], [[1985]]) is a Czech artist and graphic designer known for his richly detailed illustrations inspired by J.R.R. Tolkien’s legendarium. He lives with his family in Prague, Czech Republic. A self-taught artist, Čadil has been shortlisted multiple times for the Tolkien Society Awards and is the creator of Angrenost.cz, a major Czech-language Tolkien resource. In 2025 and 2026 respectively, he designed the official t-shirts for Oxonmoot and Westmoot. His artwork is characterized by a hand-colored style, ornamental borders, and meticulous attention to detail, capturing the essence of Tolkien’s world.<ref>{{Webcite|articlename=Matěj Čadil - MEC Artist of the Month - Apr 2024|dated=30 April 2024|accessed=8 May 2024|website=The Middle-earth Companion|articleurl=https://themecshop.com/blogs/journeying-through-middle-earth-a-beginners-guide-to-reading-tolkiens-works/matej-cadil-mec-artist-of-the-month-mar-2024}}</ref>

==Tolkien-inspired Work==
His love of Middle-earth began when his father introduced him to Tolkien's books at a young age, sparking his passion for creating illustrations inspired by the rich descriptions found in Tolkien's writings.<ref name=":0">[https://issuu.com/sociedadtolkiencolombiaorodruin/docs/14._marzo_2023 Dragón Verde 14 Edición Marzo 2023] (in Spanish)</ref> He is a self-taught artist with a passion for drawing and painting that began in childhood.<ref name=":1">{{webcite|website=TheSuzatTavern|articleurl=https://thesuzattavern.blogspot.com/2023/11/interview-from-matej-cadil-fantasy.html|articlename= Interview from Matej Cadil / Fantasy & Landscape Artist from Prague |accessed=8 May 2024}}</ref> In her 2026 Amon Hen interview, fellow Tolkien artist [[Miriam Ellis]] has praised Čadil’s illustrations for their folkloric charm and shared commitment to accuracy.<ref>“At Home in the Shire: An Interview with Miriam Ellis,” ''Amon Hen'' 318 (2026), pp. 8–11.</ref>

Matěj Čadil is not only a prolific Tolkien artist but also the founder of Angrenost.cz, a Czech website launched in 2001 that serves as a rich resource for fans of Tolkien’s legendarium. He has started making Tolkien-inspired art at first to illustrate this website.<ref>{{webcite|website=The Tolkienist's Roving Ranger, Asleep in Arda and more|articleurl=https://steadyhq.com/pt/thetolkienist/posts/76ee15a0-88e9-4b8b-826a-be999abed182|articlename=Meet tollkühn Tolkienists with Steady and Patreon: Matěj Čadil|accessed=8 May 2024|dated=7 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

As an artist, he works with a variety of mediums including pen, colored pencils, watercolors, oil pastels, charcoal, and occasionally oils and acrylics on canvas. Recently, he has incorporated digital tools into his creative process.<ref name=":1" />

His illustration "[[:File:Matěj Čadil - The Curious Fox.jpg|The Curious Fox]]" was shortlisted for Best Artwork in [[Tolkien Society Awards]] 2022.<ref>{{webcite|website=The Tolkien Society|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2022/04/vote-now-in-the-tolkien-society-awards-2022/|articlename=Vote now in the Tolkien Society Awards 2022|accessed=29 September 2022}}</ref> Again, two years later, his artwork "[[:File:Matěj Čadil - The Road Goes Ever On-2023.jpg|The Road Goes Ever On]]" was shortlisted for the Tolkien Society Awards 2024.<ref>{{webcite|website=The Tolkien Society|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2024/04/winners-of-the-tolkien-society-awards-2024-announced/|articlename=Winners of The Tolkien Society Awards 2024 announced|accessed=15 April 2024}}</ref> And again the following year, his illustration "Niggle’s Wet Bicycle Ride” was shortlisted for the Tolkien Society Awards 2025.<ref>{{Webcite|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2025/04/winners-of-the-tolkien-society-awards-2025-announced/|articlename=Winners of the Tolkien Society Awards 2025 Announced|website=The Tolkien Society|dated=2025-04-27|accessed=2025-05-24}}</ref>

His art has been featured in [[Beyond Bree]] calendars since 2023.<ref>[https://beyondbree.org/<nowiki> Beyond Bree]</nowiki>]</ref>

In a 2023 interview for "Dragón Verde," a magazine of [[Sociedad Tolkien Colombia Orodruin]], he shared insights into his personal life, mentioning his love for his hometown of Prague and his affinity for history, architecture, and cartography as well as nature, particularly the forests and mountains. He mentioned that one of his favourite Tolkien characters is [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], reflecting his personal connection to the character's adventurous and homely sides. Matěj expressed his openness to future projects related to Tolkien's world and his desire to illustrate books or collaborate on projects related to the beloved author's works.<ref name=":0" />

In 2025, Čadil was commissioned to create the official t-shirt design for [[Oxonmoot 2025]]. The artwork, titled ''The Star of Hope'', evokes the poignant moment from The Return of the King when Sam Gamgee sees a star through the darkness of Mordor and hope returns to him. This design was praised for its emotional depth and faithful resonance with Tolkien’s themes.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1182791837217947&set=a.473462528150885 30 reasons to come to Oxonmoot 2025! – Reason no. 25: grab a t-shirt!]</ref> He also designed the official T‑shirt for [[Westmoot|Wesmoot 2026]], featuring new artwork inspired by the arrival of the black fleet to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.patreon.com/posts/154482684|articlename=Westmoot 2026 T-Shirt Design|author=Matěj Čadil|dated=2026-04-01|accessed=2026-04-08}}</ref>

He has been actively participating in various Tolkien-related events (such has the annual [[TolkienCon]] in Prague), showcasing his artwork, selling prints and engaging in discussions with attendees, sharing insights into his creative process and discussing his illustrations.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.mlp.cz/cz/akce/e30697-velkolepy-dychanek-s-panem-prstenu/|articlename=Velkolepý dýchánek s Pánem prstenů|accessed=2025-03-03}}</ref>

==Other Projects==
He is also the author of several publications devoted to the history and architecture of Prague's churches, for which he also drew the title illustrations.<ref>[https://search.mlp.cz/cz/osoby/1988794/#/ak_od=key-eq:1988794&ak_o=key-eq:1988794 Čadil, Matěj – Municipal Library of Prague] </ref> His interests include history and cartography, nature, especially forests and mountains, and classical art.<ref name=":2">{{Webcite|articleurl=http://www.angrenost.cz/clanek.php?akce=clanek&id=250|website=Angrenost.cz|accessed=8 May 2024|articlename=Matěj Čadil – autor webu Angrenost.cz|dated=25 March 2024}} – in Czech</ref>

==Published Artwork==

===Cover art===

*[[2023]]: ''Dragón Verde 14''

===Featured===
*[[2022]]: [[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]] 295, 298
*[[2023]]: ''[[Beyond Bree]] Calendar 2023''
*[[2023]]: [[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]] 303
*[[2024]]: ''[[Beyond Bree]] Calendar 2024''
*[[2024]]: [[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]] 309
*[[2025]]: ''[[Beyond Bree]] Calendar 2025''
==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Matěj Čadil|Images by Matěj Čadil]]

==External links==
*[https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Matěj Čadil on Patreon]
*[https://matejcadil.etsy.com Matěl Čadil's Etsy shop]
*[http://neral85.deviantart.com/ DeviantArt profile]
*[http://www.angrenost.cz Angrenost.cz] – a Tolkienian website with encyclopedia, forum, Quenya dictionary and gallery of illustrations, made by Matěj Čadil (in Czech)

===Interviews===

*[https://steadyhq.com/pt/thetolkienist/posts/76ee15a0-88e9-4b8b-826a-be999abed182 Meet tollkühn Tolkienists with Steady and Patreon: Matěj Čadil] with [[Marcel Bülles|The Tolkienist]] (December 2021)
*[https://issuu.com/sociedadtolkiencolombiaorodruin/docs/14._marzo_2023 Corona de Durin: Entrevista con Matěj Čadil] in [[Sociedad Tolkien Colombia Orodruin|Dragón Verde 14]] (March 2023) '''(Spanish)'''
*[https://thesuzattavern.blogspot.com/2023/11/interview-from-matej-cadil-fantasy.html Interview from Matej Cadil] at The Suzat Tavern (January 2024)
*[https://themecshop.com/blogs/journeying-through-middle-earth-a-beginners-guide-to-reading-tolkiens-works/matej-cadil-mec-artist-of-the-month-mar-2024 Matěj Čadil - MEC Artist of the Month] at The Middle-earth Companion (April 2024)
*[https://www.patreon.com/posts/interview-with-104528168?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Interview] with [[Council of the Rings]]
{{References}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cadil, Matej}}
[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:Czech people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[de:Matěj Čadil]]
[[fi:Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]

Category:Images of Matěj Čadil

2026-04-16T07:47:10Z

ElwingNinque: main article, see also

{{Main|Matěj Čadil}}
{{Seealso|:Category:Images by Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images of artists]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cadil, Matej}}

Category:Images of Matěj Čadil

2026-04-16T07:45:31Z

ElwingNinque:

[[Category:Images of artists]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Čadil, Matěj}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cadil, Matej}}

Category:Images of Matěj Čadil

2026-04-16T07:44:43Z

ElwingNinque: defaultsort

[[Category:Images of artists]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Čadil, Matěj}}

Category:Images of Matěj Čadil

2026-04-16T07:43:48Z

ElwingNinque: Created page with "Category:Images of artists"

[[Category:Images of artists]]

File:Matěj Čadil.jpg

2026-04-16T07:43:05Z

ElwingNinque: /* {{int:filedesc}} */

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=Matěj Čadil wearing the official [[Oxonmoot 2025]] t-shirt that he designed.
|date=2025-10-10 15:12:47
|source=http://www.angrenost.cz/clanek.php?akce=clanek&id=250
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}
{{Location|50.097693|14.396462}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

[[Category:Images of Matěj Čadil]]

File:Matěj Čadil.jpg

2026-04-16T07:42:08Z

ElwingNinque: Uploaded a work by Matěj Čadil from http://www.angrenost.cz/clanek.php?akce=clanek&id=250 with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{war|1=Matěj Čadil wearing the official [[Oxonmoot 2025]] t-shirt that he designed.}}
|date=2025-10-10 15:12:47
|source=http://www.angrenost.cz/clanek.php?akce=clanek&id=250
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}
{{Location|50.097693|14.396462}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

[[Category:Images of Matěj Čadil]]

Matěj Čadil

2026-04-08T17:33:19Z

ElwingNinque: Westmoot design, interview mention

{{artist infobox
| image=
| name=Matěj Čadil
| born=[[5 December|December 5]], [[1985]]
| died=
| style=traditional art
| images=[[:Category:Images by Matěj Čadil|Images by Matěj Čadil]]
| location=Prague, Czech Republic
| website=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
}}
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Niggles Wet Bicycle Ride.jpg|thumb|"Niggle’s Wet Bicycle Ride" by Matěj Čadil, shortlisted for Tolkien Society Award 2025]]
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Road Goes Ever On-2023.jpg|thumb|"The Road Goes Ever On" by Matěj Čadil, shortlisted for Tolkien Society Award 2024]]
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Curious Fox.jpg|thumb|"The Curious Fox" by Matěj Čadil, shortlisted for Tolkien Society Award 2022]]

'''Matěj Čadil''' (born [[5 December|December 5]], [[1985]]) is a Czech artist and graphic designer known for his richly detailed illustrations inspired by J.R.R. Tolkien’s legendarium. He lives with his family in Prague, Czech Republic. A self-taught artist, Čadil has been shortlisted multiple times for the Tolkien Society Awards and is the creator of Angrenost.cz, a major Czech-language Tolkien resource. In 2025 and 2026 respectively, he designed the official t-shirts for Oxonmoot and Westmoot. His artwork is characterized by a hand-colored style, ornamental borders, and meticulous attention to detail, capturing the essence of Tolkien’s world.<ref>{{Webcite|articlename=Matěj Čadil - MEC Artist of the Month - Apr 2024|dated=30 April 2024|accessed=8 May 2024|website=The Middle-earth Companion|articleurl=https://themecshop.com/blogs/journeying-through-middle-earth-a-beginners-guide-to-reading-tolkiens-works/matej-cadil-mec-artist-of-the-month-mar-2024}}</ref>

==Tolkien-inspired Work==
His love of Middle-earth began when his father introduced him to Tolkien's books at a young age, sparking his passion for creating illustrations inspired by the rich descriptions found in Tolkien's writings.<ref name=":0">[https://issuu.com/sociedadtolkiencolombiaorodruin/docs/14._marzo_2023 Dragón Verde 14 Edición Marzo 2023] (in Spanish)</ref> He is a self-taught artist with a passion for drawing and painting that began in childhood.<ref name=":1">{{webcite|website=TheSuzatTavern|articleurl=https://thesuzattavern.blogspot.com/2023/11/interview-from-matej-cadil-fantasy.html|articlename= Interview from Matej Cadil / Fantasy & Landscape Artist from Prague |accessed=8 May 2024}}</ref> In her 2026 Amon Hen interview, fellow Tolkien artist [[Miriam Ellis]] has praised Čadil’s illustrations for their folkloric charm and shared commitment to accuracy.<ref>“At Home in the Shire: An Interview with Miriam Ellis,” ''Amon Hen'' 318 (2026), pp. 8–11.</ref>

Matěj Čadil is not only a prolific Tolkien artist but also the founder of Angrenost.cz, a Czech website launched in 2001 that serves as a rich resource for fans of Tolkien’s legendarium. He has started making Tolkien-inspired art at first to illustrate this website.<ref>{{webcite|website=The Tolkienist's Roving Ranger, Asleep in Arda and more|articleurl=https://steadyhq.com/pt/thetolkienist/posts/76ee15a0-88e9-4b8b-826a-be999abed182|articlename=Meet tollkühn Tolkienists with Steady and Patreon: Matěj Čadil|accessed=8 May 2024|dated=7 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

As an artist, he works with a variety of mediums including pen, colored pencils, watercolors, oil pastels, charcoal, and occasionally oils and acrylics on canvas. Recently, he has incorporated digital tools into his creative process.<ref name=":1" />

His illustration "[[:File:Matěj Čadil - The Curious Fox.jpg|The Curious Fox]]" was shortlisted for Best Artwork in [[Tolkien Society Awards]] 2022.<ref>{{webcite|website=The Tolkien Society|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2022/04/vote-now-in-the-tolkien-society-awards-2022/|articlename=Vote now in the Tolkien Society Awards 2022|accessed=29 September 2022}}</ref> Again, two years later, his artwork "[[:File:Matěj Čadil - The Road Goes Ever On-2023.jpg|The Road Goes Ever On]]" was shortlisted for the Tolkien Society Awards 2024.<ref>{{webcite|website=The Tolkien Society|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2024/04/winners-of-the-tolkien-society-awards-2024-announced/|articlename=Winners of The Tolkien Society Awards 2024 announced|accessed=15 April 2024}}</ref> And again the following year, his illustration "Niggle’s Wet Bicycle Ride” was shortlisted for the Tolkien Society Awards 2025.<ref>{{Webcite|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2025/04/winners-of-the-tolkien-society-awards-2025-announced/|articlename=Winners of the Tolkien Society Awards 2025 Announced|website=The Tolkien Society|dated=2025-04-27|accessed=2025-05-24}}</ref>

His art has been featured in [[Beyond Bree]] calendars since 2023.<ref>[https://beyondbree.org/<nowiki> Beyond Bree]</nowiki>]</ref>

In a 2023 interview for "Dragón Verde," a magazine of [[Sociedad Tolkien Colombia Orodruin]], he shared insights into his personal life, mentioning his love for his hometown of Prague and his affinity for history, architecture, and cartography as well as nature, particularly the forests and mountains. He mentioned that one of his favourite Tolkien characters is [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], reflecting his personal connection to the character's adventurous and homely sides. Matěj expressed his openness to future projects related to Tolkien's world and his desire to illustrate books or collaborate on projects related to the beloved author's works.<ref name=":0" />

In 2025, Čadil was commissioned to create the official t-shirt design for [[Oxonmoot 2025]]. The artwork, titled ''The Star of Hope'', evokes the poignant moment from The Return of the King when Sam Gamgee sees a star through the darkness of Mordor and hope returns to him. This design was praised for its emotional depth and faithful resonance with Tolkien’s themes.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1182791837217947&set=a.473462528150885 30 reasons to come to Oxonmoot 2025! – Reason no. 25: grab a t-shirt!]</ref> He also designed the official T‑shirt for [[Westmoot|Wesmoot 2026]], featuring new artwork inspired by the arrival of the black fleet to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.patreon.com/posts/154482684|articlename=Westmoot 2026 T-Shirt Design|author=Matěj Čadil|dated=2026-04-01|accessed=2026-04-08}}</ref>

He has been actively participating in various Tolkien-related events (such has the annual [[TolkienCon]] in Prague), showcasing his artwork, selling prints and engaging in discussions with attendees, sharing insights into his creative process and discussing his illustrations.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.mlp.cz/cz/akce/e30697-velkolepy-dychanek-s-panem-prstenu/|articlename=Velkolepý dýchánek s Pánem prstenů|accessed=2025-03-03}}</ref>

==Other Projects==
He is also the author of several publications devoted to the history and architecture of Prague's churches, for which he also drew the title illustrations.<ref>[https://search.mlp.cz/cz/osoby/1988794/#/ak_od=key-eq:1988794&ak_o=key-eq:1988794 Čadil, Matěj – Municipal Library of Prague] </ref> His interests include history and cartography, nature, especially forests and mountains, and classical art.<ref name=":2">{{Webcite|articleurl=http://www.angrenost.cz/clanek.php?akce=clanek&id=250|website=Angrenost.cz|accessed=8 May 2024|articlename=Matěj Čadil – autor webu Angrenost.cz|dated=25 March 2024}} – in Czech</ref>

==Published Artwork==

===Cover art===

*[[2023]]: ''Dragón Verde 14''

===Featured===
*[[2022]]: [[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]] 295, 298
*[[2023]]: ''[[Beyond Bree]] Calendar 2023''
*[[2023]]: [[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]] 303
*[[2024]]: ''[[Beyond Bree]] Calendar 2024''
*[[2024]]: [[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]] 309
*[[2025]]: ''[[Beyond Bree]] Calendar 2025''
==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Matěj Čadil|Images by Matěj Čadil]]

==External links==
*[https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Matěj Čadil on Patreon]
*[https://matejcadil.etsy.com Matěl Čadil's Etsy shop]
*[http://neral85.deviantart.com/ DeviantArt profile]
*[http://www.angrenost.cz Angrenost.cz] – a Tolkienian website with encyclopedia, forum, Quenya dictionary and gallery of illustrations, made by Matěj Čadil (in Czech)

===Interviews===

*[https://steadyhq.com/pt/thetolkienist/posts/76ee15a0-88e9-4b8b-826a-be999abed182 Meet tollkühn Tolkienists with Steady and Patreon: Matěj Čadil] with [[Marcel Bülles|The Tolkienist]] (December 2021)
*[https://issuu.com/sociedadtolkiencolombiaorodruin/docs/14._marzo_2023 Corona de Durin: Entrevista con Matěj Čadil] in [[Sociedad Tolkien Colombia Orodruin|Dragón Verde 14]] (March 2023) '''(Spanish)'''
*[https://thesuzattavern.blogspot.com/2023/11/interview-from-matej-cadil-fantasy.html Interview from Matej Cadil] at The Suzat Tavern (January 2024)
*[https://themecshop.com/blogs/journeying-through-middle-earth-a-beginners-guide-to-reading-tolkiens-works/matej-cadil-mec-artist-of-the-month-mar-2024 Matěj Čadil - MEC Artist of the Month] at The Middle-earth Companion (April 2024)
*[https://www.patreon.com/posts/interview-with-104528168?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Interview] with [[Council of the Rings]]
{{References}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cadil, Matej}}
[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:Czech people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[de:Matěj Čadil]]
[[fi:Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Oxonmoot 2025 design.jpg

2026-04-07T14:00:36Z

ElwingNinque: corrected description, copyright permission

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=Official T-Shirt Design for Oxonmoot 2025 designed by [[Matěj Čadil]]
|date=2025-08-07
|source=https://www.patreon.com/posts/star-of-hope-t-135896834
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Oxonmoot]]
[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]

Westmoot

2026-04-07T09:58:51Z

ElwingNinque:

[[File:TS Westmoot logo.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]
'''[[Westmoot]]''' is a convention, inspired by the success of [[Oxonmoot]], aimed at US members of the [[The Tolkien Society]]. The inaugural event took place in [[Wikipedia:Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City, Missouri]] on Friday [[May 9]] - Sunday [[May 11]], [[2025]] at the [[Wikipedia:National World War I Museum and Memorial|National World War I Museum and Memorial]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/westmoot-2025/|articlename=Westmoot 2025|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=28-November-2024}}</ref>

The event features a range of presentations, including talks, quizzes, lectures, workshops, performances, papers, discussions, and entertainment, providing a rich and engaging experience for all attendees.
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Westmoot 2026 design.jpg|thumb|Westmoot 2026 t-shirt design by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
Westmoot 2026 will be held on May 22nd-24th in Minneapolis, Minnesota at the Royal Sonesta Minneapolis Downtown.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/westmoot-2026/|articlename=Westmoot 2026|accessed=2026-+04-07|website=The Tolkien Society}}</ref> The official t-shirt for Westmoot 2026 was designed by [[Matěj Čadil]].<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.patreon.com/posts/westmoot-2026-t-154482684|articlename=Westmoot 2026 T-Shirt Design|author=Matěj Čadil|dated=2026-04-01|accessed=2026-04-07}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{tolkiensociety}}
[[Category:The Tolkien Society]]
[[Category:Westmoot]]
[[Category:Conferences]]

Category:Westmoot

2026-04-07T09:52:33Z

ElwingNinque: new category based on the category Oxonmoot

{{Main|Westmoot}}

[[Category:Conferences]]
[[Category:Conventions]]
[[Category:The Tolkien Society]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Westmoot 2026 design.jpg

2026-04-07T09:49:54Z

ElwingNinque: Uploaded a work by Matěj Čadil from https://www.patreon.com/posts/westmoot-2026-t-154482684 with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{war|1=Westmoot 2026 t-shirt design by Matěj Čadil}}
|date=2026-03-06 21:15:37
|source=https://www.patreon.com/posts/westmoot-2026-t-154482684
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{subst:Custom license marker added by UW}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Westmoot]]

Oxonmoot 2026

2026-04-07T09:29:20Z

ElwingNinque: t-shirt design

{{convention
| image=Miriam Ellis - Oxonmoot 2026 logo.png
| title=Oxonmoot 2026
| location=[[wikipedia:St Anne's College, Oxford|St Anne's College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and Online
| organizer=[[The Tolkien Society]]
| dates=[[3 September]] - [[6 September]] [[2026]]
}}
'''Oxonmoot 2026''', the 53rd annual [[Oxonmoot]] hosted by [[The Tolkien Society]] celebrating the life and works of J.R.R. Tolkien. The event is planned to take place from the afternoon of Thursday [[3 September|3]] until the afternoon of Sunday [[6 September]] [[2026]] at St Ann's College, [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]. As in the previous years, it is a hybrid event both in-person and online participation.

The Oxonmoot 2026 t-shirt was designed by [[Miriam Ellis]]. The design incorporates her portraits of Frodo, Sam, Merry, and Pippin, arranged within the four “O” letters of the Oxonmoot logo, with each hobbit’s initials included at the base of the portrait frames.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.miriamellis.com/post/happy-news-the-tolkien-society-announces-my-design-of-the-oxonmoot-2026-logo|articlename=Happy news: The Tolkien Society Announces my design of the Oxonmoot 2026 logo!|author=Miriam Ellis|dated=2026-03-30|accessed=2026-04-07}}</ref>

==External links==
*[https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/oxonmoot-2026/ Oxonmoot 2026 website]
*[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society website]
{{oxonmoot|2025|2027}}
[[Category:Oxonmoot]]

Oxonmoot 2025

2026-04-07T09:24:33Z

ElwingNinque: t-shirt design

{{convention
| image=Matěj Čadil - Oxonmoot 2025 design.jpg
| title=Oxonmoot 2025
| location=[[wikipedia:St Anne's College, Oxford|St Anne's College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and Online
| organizer=[[The Tolkien Society]]
| dates=[[4 September]] - [[7 September]] [[2025]]
}}
'''Oxonmoot 2025''', the 52nd annual [[Oxonmoot]] hosted by [[The Tolkien Society]] celebrating the life and works of J.R.R. Tolkien. The event took place from the afternoon of Thursday [[4 September|4]] until the afternoon of Sunday [[7 September]] [[2025]] at St Ann's College, [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]. As in the previous years, it was a hybrid event both in-person and online participation.

===Overview===
Oxonmoot is a long-standing tradition that brings together Tolkien enthusiasts, scholars, students, and fans from around the world. The 2025 edition continued this legacy with a rich programme of academic and creative activities, social events, and commemorations.

Online participation was facilitated via Zoom webinars, meetings and themed breakout rooms, as well as dedicated channels in the Tolkien Society Discord server for chat and voice and video discussion.

The official Oxonmoot 2025 t-shirt was designed by [[Matěj Čadil]]. The design is titled "The Star of Hope" and it depicts the poignant moment of [[Samwise Gamgee]] seeing the [[star of Eärendil]] piercing the darkness, serving as a symbol of hope.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.patreon.com/posts/star-of-hope-t-135896834|articlename=The Star of Hope – Official T-Shirt Design for Oxonmoot 2025|author=Matěj Čadil|dated=2025-08-07|accessed=2026-04-07}}</ref>

===Programme===
The event featured:

*'''Lectures and Papers''': Covering a wide range of Tolkien-related topics. Speakers include [[Douglas A. Anderson]], [[David T. Wenzel]], [[Sara Brown]], [[Dimitra Fimi]], and [[Brian Sibley]].
*'''Workshops and Discussions''': Including crafts, costuming, and themed sessions
*'''Art Show''': A hybrid exhibition hosted both on-site and via the Kunstmatrix platform
*'''Entertainment''': Quizzes, performances, and evening events
*'''Enyalië Ceremony''': A traditional visit to Tolkien’s grave on Sunday afternoon

==External links==
*[https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/oxonmoot-2025/ Oxonmoot 2025 website]
*[https://artspaces.kunstmatrix.com/en/exhibition/14626334/oxonmoot-2025 Oxonmoot 2025 Art Show] on the Kunstmatrix platform
*[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society website]
{{oxonmoot|2024|2026}}
[[Category:Oxonmoot]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Oxonmoot 2025 design.jpg

2026-04-07T09:17:39Z

ElwingNinque: ElwingNinque moved page File:Oxonmoot 2025 design-800.jpg to File:Matěj Čadil - Oxonmoot 2025 design.jpg without leaving a redirect: I forgot to rename it when uploading

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{war|1=Official T-Shirt Design for Oxonmoot 2025 designed by [[Matěj Čadil]]}}
|date=2025-08-07
|source=https://www.patreon.com/posts/star-of-hope-t-135896834
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{subst:Custom license marker added by UW}}

[[Category:Oxonmoot]]
[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Oxonmoot 2025 design.jpg

2026-04-07T09:11:00Z

ElwingNinque: Uploaded a work by Matěj Čadil from https://www.patreon.com/posts/star-of-hope-t-135896834 with UploadWizard

File:Miriam Ellis - Oxonmoot 2026 logo.png

2026-04-07T09:04:24Z

ElwingNinque: Uploaded a work by Miriam Ellis from https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/oxonmoot-2026/oxonmoot-2026-frequently-asked-questions/ with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{war|1=T-shirt design for Oxonmoot 2026 designed by [[Miriam Elllis]]}}
|date=2026-04-06
|source=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/oxonmoot-2026/oxonmoot-2026-frequently-asked-questions/
|author=Miriam Ellis
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{subst:Custom license marker added by UW}}

[[Category:Oxonmoot]]

Oxonmoot 2026

2026-04-07T08:50:40Z

ElwingNinque:

{{convention
| image=
| title=Oxonmoot 2026
| location=[[wikipedia:St Anne's College, Oxford|St Anne's College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and Online
| organizer=[[The Tolkien Society]]
| dates=[[3 September]] - [[6 September]] [[2026]]
}}
'''Oxonmoot 2026''', the 53rd annual [[Oxonmoot]] hosted by [[The Tolkien Society]] celebrating the life and works of J.R.R. Tolkien. The event is planned to take place from the afternoon of Thursday [[3 September|3]] until the afternoon of Sunday [[6 September]] [[2026]] at St Ann's College, [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]. As in the previous years, it is a hybrid event both in-person and online participation.

==External links==
*[https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/oxonmoot-2026/ Oxonmoot 2026 website]
*[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society website]
{{oxonmoot|2025|2027}}
[[Category:Oxonmoot]]

Oxonmoot 2025

2026-04-07T08:49:27Z

ElwingNinque: correct year

{{convention
| image=
| title=Oxonmoot 2025
| location=[[wikipedia:St Anne's College, Oxford|St Anne's College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and Online
| organizer=[[The Tolkien Society]]
| dates=[[4 September]] - [[7 September]] [[2025]]
}}
'''Oxonmoot 2025''', the 52nd annual [[Oxonmoot]] hosted by [[The Tolkien Society]] celebrating the life and works of J.R.R. Tolkien. The event took place from the afternoon of Thursday [[4 September|4]] until the afternoon of Sunday [[7 September]] [[2025]] at St Ann's College, [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]. As in the previous years, it was a hybrid event both in-person and online participation.

===Overview===
Oxonmoot is a long-standing tradition that brings together Tolkien enthusiasts, scholars, students, and fans from around the world. The 2025 edition continued this legacy with a rich programme of academic and creative activities, social events, and commemorations.

Online participation was facilitated via Zoom webinars, meetings and themed breakout rooms, as well as dedicated channels in the Tolkien Society Discord server for chat and voice and video discussion.

===Programme===
The event featured:

*'''Lectures and Papers''': Covering a wide range of Tolkien-related topics. Speakers include [[Douglas A. Anderson]], [[David T. Wenzel]], [[Sara Brown]], [[Dimitra Fimi]], and [[Brian Sibley]].
*'''Workshops and Discussions''': Including crafts, costuming, and themed sessions
*'''Art Show''': A hybrid exhibition hosted both on-site and via the Kunstmatrix platform
*'''Entertainment''': Quizzes, performances, and evening events
*'''Enyalië Ceremony''': A traditional visit to Tolkien’s grave on Sunday afternoon

==External links==
*[https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/oxonmoot-2025/ Oxonmoot 2025 website]
*[https://artspaces.kunstmatrix.com/en/exhibition/14626334/oxonmoot-2025 Oxonmoot 2025 Art Show] on the Kunstmatrix platform
*[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society website]
{{oxonmoot|2024|2026}}
[[Category:Oxonmoot]]

Oxonmoot 2026

2026-04-07T08:49:02Z

ElwingNinque: Created page with "{{convention | image= | title=Oxonmoot 2026 | location=St Anne's College, Oxford and Online | organizer=The Tolkien Society | dates=3 September - 6 September 2026 }} '''Oxonmoot 2026''', the 53nd annual Oxonmoot hosted by The Tolkien Society celebrating the life and works of J.R.R. Tolkien. The event is planned to take place from the afternoon of Thursday 3 until the..."

{{convention
| image=
| title=Oxonmoot 2026
| location=[[wikipedia:St Anne's College, Oxford|St Anne's College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and Online
| organizer=[[The Tolkien Society]]
| dates=[[3 September]] - [[6 September]] [[2026]]
}}
'''Oxonmoot 2026''', the 53nd annual [[Oxonmoot]] hosted by [[The Tolkien Society]] celebrating the life and works of J.R.R. Tolkien. The event is planned to take place from the afternoon of Thursday [[3 September|3]] until the afternoon of Sunday [[6 September]] [[2026]] at St Ann's College, [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]. As in the previous years, it is a hybrid event both in-person and online participation.

==External links==
*[https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/oxonmoot-2026/ Oxonmoot 2026 website]
*[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society website]
{{oxonmoot|2025|2027}}
[[Category:Oxonmoot]]

Miriam Ellis

2026-04-07T08:45:21Z

ElwingNinque: Oxonmoot 2026 design

{{artist infobox
|name = Miriam Ellis
|image = Miriam Ellis - Ar Bóithrín na Smaointe (On the Little Bye-Roads of Thought).jpeg
|born =
|died =
|education =
|style = Traditional art
|images = [[:Category:Images by Miriam Ellis|Images by Miriam Ellis]]
|location = U.S.A.
|website = https://www.miriamellis.com
}}
'''Miriam Ellis''' is an an American artist. Her paintings have appeared in numerous publications, including [[The Tolkien Society|The Tolkien Society's]] ''[[Translating and Illustrating Tolkien]]'' edited by Will Sherwood, [[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn magazine]], [[Amon Hen (journal)|''Amon Hen'' Magazine]], the [[Beyond Bree|''Beyond Bree'' calendar]], [[Tolkien Collector's Guide|The Tolkien Collector's Guide]], [[Nerd of the Rings]], and In Deep Geek. Her main inspirations are Tolkien's themes of recovery, escape, and consolation, and a lifelong love of hobbits.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://holymoot.org/presenters/|articlename=HOLY MOOT – Presenters|accessed=2025-03-10}}</ref>

In 2026, the Tolkien Society commissioned Ellis to design the official [[Oxonmoot 2026]] T‑shirt, featuring her portraits of Frodo, Sam, Merry, and Pippin incorporated into the event’s logo.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/oxonmoot-2026/oxonmoot-2026-frequently-asked-questions/|articlename=Oxonmoot 2026 Frequently Asked Questions: What is the t-shirt design this year?|accessed=2026-04-07|website=The Tolkien Society}}</ref>

==Biography==
Miriam Ellis began drawing in early childhood and started painting in her teens. She describes herself as self‑taught, encouraged by her mother who is also a painter. She was introduced to Tolkien by her father who read ''The Hobbit'' to her as a bedtime story. She began painting scenes from Tolkien’s legendarium in 2023, at the age of 50.<ref name=":0">“At Home in the Shire: An Interview with Miriam Ellis,” ''Amon Hen'' 318 (2026), pp. 8–11.</ref>

=='''Artistic style and influences'''==
Ellis describes her painting style as rooted in traditional fine art, citing John Singer Sargent and Johannes Vermeer among her primary influences. She also acknowledges the impact of Tolkien artists [[Ted Nasmith]] and [[Matěj Čadil]], praising Nasmith’s “sweeping qualities” and Čadil’s “folkloric charms” and shared commitment to accuracy. Her approach emphasizes realism, textual fidelity, and Tolkien’s theological and philosophical themes, particularly the “inner consistency of reality.” She aims to depict scenes as if the viewer is physically present within Middle‑earth.<ref name=":0" />

==Published artwork==
===Books===
*[[2025]]: [[The Art of Mercy in Middle-earth: Paintings Inspired by Tolkien’s Legendarium]]
*[[2026]]: [[A Shire Walking-Party: Paintings Inspired by Tolkien's Little Folk]]
===Cover art===
*[[2023]]: [[Translating and Illustrating Tolkien]]
*[[2023]]: 2024 [[Beyond Bree]] Calendar
*[[2024]]: [[Mallorn 65]]
===Featured===
*[[2023]]: 2024 [[Beyond Bree]] Calendar
*[[2024]]: [[Amon Hen 306]]
*[[2024]]: [[Mallorn 65]]

===Interviews===

*“At Home in the Shire: An Interview with Miriam Ellis,” ''[[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]]'' 318 (2026), pp. 8–11.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Miriam Ellis|Images by Miriam Ellis]]

==External links==
*[https://www.miriamellis.com '''Official website''']

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ellis, Miriam}}

[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[de:Miriam Ellis]]
[[fi:Miriam Ellis]]

Miriam Ellis

2026-04-07T08:28:14Z

ElwingNinque: more info based on Amon Hen interview

{{artist infobox
|name = Miriam Ellis
|image = Miriam Ellis - Ar Bóithrín na Smaointe (On the Little Bye-Roads of Thought).jpeg
|born =
|died =
|education =
|style = Traditional art
|images = [[:Category:Images by Miriam Ellis|Images by Miriam Ellis]]
|location = U.S.A.
|website = https://www.miriamellis.com
}}
'''Miriam Ellis''' is an an American artist. Her paintings have appeared in numerous publications, including [[The Tolkien Society|The Tolkien Society's]] ''[[Translating and Illustrating Tolkien]]'' edited by Will Sherwood, [[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn magazine]], [[Amon Hen (journal)|''Amon Hen'' Magazine]], the [[Beyond Bree|''Beyond Bree'' calendar]], [[Tolkien Collector's Guide|The Tolkien Collector's Guide]], [[Nerd of the Rings]], and In Deep Geek. Her main inspirations are Tolkien's themes of recovery, escape, and consolation, and a lifelong love of hobbits.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://holymoot.org/presenters/|articlename=HOLY MOOT – Presenters|accessed=2025-03-10}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Miriam Ellis began drawing in early childhood and started painting in her teens. She describes herself as self‑taught, encouraged by her mother who is also a painter. She was introduced to Tolkien by her father who read ''The Hobbit'' to her as a bedtime story. She began painting scenes from Tolkien’s legendarium in 2023, at the age of 50.<ref name=":0">“At Home in the Shire: An Interview with Miriam Ellis,” ''Amon Hen'' 318 (2026), pp. 8–11.</ref>

== '''Artistic style and influences''' ==
Ellis describes her painting style as rooted in traditional fine art, citing John Singer Sargent and Johannes Vermeer among her primary influences. She also acknowledges the impact of Tolkien artists [[Ted Nasmith]] and [[Matěj Čadil]], praising Nasmith’s “sweeping qualities” and Čadil’s “folkloric charms” and shared commitment to accuracy. Her approach emphasizes realism, textual fidelity, and Tolkien’s theological and philosophical themes, particularly the “inner consistency of reality.” She aims to depict scenes as if the viewer is physically present within Middle‑earth.<ref name=":0" />

==Published artwork==
===Books===
*[[2025]]: [[The Art of Mercy in Middle-earth: Paintings Inspired by Tolkien’s Legendarium]]
*[[2026]]: [[A Shire Walking-Party: Paintings Inspired by Tolkien's Little Folk]]
===Cover art===
*[[2023]]: [[Translating and Illustrating Tolkien]]
*[[2023]]: 2024 [[Beyond Bree]] Calendar
*[[2024]]: [[Mallorn 65]]
===Featured===
*[[2023]]: 2024 [[Beyond Bree]] Calendar
*[[2024]]: [[Amon Hen 306]]
*[[2024]]: [[Mallorn 65]]

=== Interviews ===

* “At Home in the Shire: An Interview with Miriam Ellis,” ''[[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]]'' 318 (2026), pp. 8–11.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Miriam Ellis|Images by Miriam Ellis]]

==External links==
*[https://www.miriamellis.com '''Official website''']

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ellis, Miriam}}

[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[de:Miriam Ellis]]
[[fi:Miriam Ellis]]

File:Matěj Čadil - King's Tree.jpg

2026-03-30T16:19:06Z

ElwingNinque:

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=An illustration of the King's Tree in Smith of Wootton Major
|date=2025-09-09
|source=https://www.patreon.com/posts/kings-tree-138407093
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Images of Smith of Wootton Major]]
[[Category:Images of trees]]

File:Matěj Čadil - King's Tree.jpg

2026-03-30T16:14:13Z

ElwingNinque: Uploaded a work by Matěj Čadil from https://www.patreon.com/posts/kings-tree-138407093 with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{war|1=An illustration of Smith of Wootton Major}}
|date=2025-09-09
|source=https://www.patreon.com/posts/kings-tree-138407093
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{subst:Custom license marker added by UW}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]

The Tolkien Society

2026-03-25T10:35:34Z

ElwingNinque: Smials

{{short description|Charity and literary society dedicated to J.R.R. Tolkien}}
{{disambig-two|the organization known as The Tolkien Society|list of Tolkien societies|[[Tolkien societies]]}}
{{company infobox
| name=
| image = The Tolkien Society - logo.png
| founded=[[6 November]] [[1969]] (informal)<ref name="Mallorn50">[[Charles E. Noad]], "The Tolkien Society - the early days" in [[Henry Gee]] (ed.) ''[[Mallorn 50]]'', p. 17</ref> [[15 January]] [[1972]] (formal) [[7 July]] [[1977]] (charitable status)<ref name="CC">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/273809/governance?_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_organisationNumber=273809|articlename=Charity Commision - THE TOLKIEN SOCIETY - Charity number: 273809|dated=|website=[https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/charity-commission The Charity Commission]|accessed=13 November 2025}}</ref>
| founder=[[Vera Chapman]]
| location=England (registered address) Worldwide (members)
| type=Educational charity, fan club, academic society
| keypeople=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (President) [[Priscilla Tolkien]] (Vice-President) [[Shaun Gunner]] (CEO)<ref name="CEO" />
| members=3,801<ref>Hannah McDonald, "Behind Glass Doors" in Amanda Drake et al. (eds.), ''[[Amon Hen 310]]'', p. 28</ref>
| subsidiaries=
| products=''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]'' ''[[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]]''
| parent=
| owner=
| precededby=
| succeededby=
| website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org www.tolkiensociety.org]
}}
'''The Tolkien Society''' is an international fan club and educational charity based in the United Kingdom, devoted to the study and promotion of the life and works of the author and academic J.R.R. Tolkien. Founded in [[1969]] with the blessing of J.R.R. Tolkien, it has expanded its membership across the United Kingdom, Europe and the world. Its President is Tolkien, the Vice-president is [[Priscilla Tolkien]]; since [[2025]], [[Shaun Gunner]] has been the Society's Chief Executive Officer.

==History==
The Tolkien Society was formed in 1969 by [[Vera Chapman]], an [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]-educated retired teacher/civil servant, who, horrified at the annexation of Tolkien's works by 'the drugs-orientated writings of hippiedom',<ref>[[Charles Noad|Charles E. Noad]], 'The Early Days of the Tolkien Society', [[A Long-expected Party: Progress Report 1|''A Long-expected Party: Progress Report'' 1]], p. 10</ref> decided to form a group dedicated to the true appreciation of Tolkien's works.

On [[6 November]] [[1969]], Chapman announced the formation of the Tolkien Society in the United Kingdom in the ''New Statesman''.<ref name="CGII">{{CG|II}}, p. 287</ref> Initially London-based, the Society would meet in Chapman's North London flat; they kept in communication via a photocopied newsletter called ''[[Belladonna's Broadsheet]]'' (Chapman had adopted the name "[[Belladonna Took]]" as her Middle-earth alias), which was first published in December 1969.<ref name="CGII" /> The Society's inaugural meeting was held in January [[1970]],<ref name="CGII" /> and its constitution was ratified on [[15 January]] [[1972]].

The Tolkien Society grew steadily, and Chapman willingly passed over responsibility for the bulletin to other hands whilst a more scholarly publication, "[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]" also appeared. ''Belladonna's Broadsheet'' went through a number of identity changes, being "Henneth Annun" for one issue before its then editor, John Martin, adopted its current name: "[[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]]".

The Society also undertook a pilgrimage to [[Oxford]], exploring the colleges and sites relevant to J.R.R. Tolkien's life. Visit was made to [[Wolvercote Cemetery]] where wreaths in tribute were laid. At that first visit, it was found that a wild bramble had rooted in the topsoil of the grave. This was rapidly uprooted, and the Society offered to buy a rose plant, the offer of which [[Priscilla Tolkien]] - Tolkien's only daughter - accepted. The weekend event culminated with a visit to the home of Priscilla Tolkien.

In [[2014]], the Society inaugurated its annual '''[[The Tolkien Society Awards|Awards]]'''.<ref>{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2014/03/new-tolkien-society-awards/|articlename=Awards|date=17 March 2014|website=TS|accessed=15 December 2022}}</ref>

In [[2025]] the Society was restructured as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_incorporated_organisation Charitable Incorporated Organisation]<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/5251709/governance?_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_organisationNumber=5251709|articlename=Charity Commision - THE TOLKIEN SOCIETY - Charity number: 1211591|dated=|website=[https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/charity-commission The Charity Commission]|accessed=13 November 2025}}</ref> with Shaun Gunner as the first CEO of the Society.<ref name="CEO" /> One of the main benefits of this change was the ability for the charity to be able to enter into contracts, employ staff, own/lease property in its own name whilst minimising the trustees financial liability for the charity's debts or legal actions.

==Relations with J.R.R. Tolkien==
In 1972 [[wikipedia:New Year Honours|New Year Honours]], Tolkien was made a [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) just two days before his birthday. [[Allen and Unwin|Allen & Unwin]] had encouraged the Tolkien Society to write to Tolkien on the occasion, and they sent the following telegram:

{{blockquote|CONGRATULATIONS ON 80TH BIRTHDAY AND HONOUR. ANOTHER 50 YEARS TO BEAT THE OLD TOOK. THE TOLKIEN SOCIETY (IN BRITAIN)|The Tolkien Society's telegram to J.R.R. Tolkien<ref name="Mallorn50-21">[[Charles E. Noad]], "The Tolkien Society - the early days" in [[Henry Gee]] (ed.) ''[[Mallorn 50]]'', p. 21</ref>}}

The Society also published a congratulatory message in ''The Times'' on the [[3 January]] in the 'BIRTHDAYS' section: "''TOLKIEN. Professor J. R. R. Tolkien, C.B.E. Congratulations on your 80th birthday. 'Elen sila lumenn' omentielmo.' The Tolkien Society.''" As a birthday present, the Society also sent him a green china tobacco jar - designed with a huntsman and a white deer - which included best Latakia Mixture tobacco; attached was the following note:

{{blockquote|FROM all Hobbits, Elves, Elf-friends, Dwarves, Ents, Numenoreans, Rohirrim, etc. etc. etc. of the TOLKIEN SOCIETY (in Britain) with love and honour and hearty congratulations, to the creator of so much wonder. Although not to be compared with the true LONGBOTTOM LEAF, we hope that this will at least raise a few smoke-rings of happy recollection. THE TOLKIEN SOCIETY|The Tolkien Society's message to J.R.R. Tolkien on his birthday<ref name="Mallorn50-21"/>}}

[[Joy Hill]], Tolkien's secretary, phoned Vera Chapman on the 3 January and said, "''Of all the tributes he received, this was the one that gave the greatest pleasure.''"<ref name="Mallorn50-21" /> A month later, [[Letter to Vera Chapman and the Tolkien Society|he wrote to her]]:

{{blockquote|Dear Mrs. Chapman, May I thank you and the Tolkien Society for your good wishes and kind gift on my 80th birthday. I appreciated your generosity very much indeed. Best wishes, Yours sincerely, J.R.R. Tolkien [signed]|[[Letter to Vera Chapman and the Tolkien Society|Letter from J.R.R. Tolkien to Vera Chapman]], dated [[6 February]] [[1972]]<ref name="Mallorn50-21"/>}}

===President===
On the [[27 June]] [[1972]], Vera Chapman was invited to a sherry party by [[Rayner Unwin]], where she met Tolkien himself. After exchanging a few words with him about the [[Belladonna Took|belladonna]] plant, she asked if he would would be willing to be the Society's honorary president; he said "''Certainly''" before concluding, "''If I can help your society in any way, I will''."<ref name="Mallorn50-22">[[Charles E. Noad]], "The Tolkien Society - the early days" in [[Henry Gee]] (ed.) ''[[Mallorn 50]]'', p. 22</ref>

Following the death of J.R.R. Tolkien on [[2 September]] [[1973]], the Tolkien Society offered the post of Honorary President to [[Christopher Tolkien]], Tolkien's son, but Christopher declined saying he thought the his father should remain president forever. At the [[wiktionary:AGM|AGM]] on [[16 February]] [[1974]] the motion was passed that J.R.R. Tolkien should remain the Honorary President ''in perpetuo''; he remains the Society's president to this day.<ref name="Mallorn50-23">[[Charles E. Noad]], "The Tolkien Society - the early days" in [[Henry Gee]] (ed.) ''[[Mallorn 50]]'', p. 23</ref>

==Leadership==
The Society is primarily volunteer-run organisation, governed by a Board of Trustees with the President and Vice-president as purely honorary positions. Historically, the Chair of the Trustees led the Board and represented the Society both internally and externally; however, since [[1 June]] [[2025]], [[Shaun Gunner]] has served as the Society's Chief Executive Officer in leading the organisation, responsible to the Board.<ref name="CEO">{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2025/06/tolkien-society-appoints-new-chief-executive/|articlename=Tolkien Society appoints new Chief Executive|date=2 June 2025|website=TS|accessed=2 June 2025}}</ref>

===Chief Executives===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background: var(--tg-color-surface-2);"
! !!Name!!Start of term!!End of term!!Duration
|- style="font-color var(--tg-color-emphasized);"
|1||'''[[Shaun Gunner]]'''<ref name="CEO" />||'''''1 June 2025'''''||'''''present'''''||'''''{{#expr: {{#time: z}} -150}} days'''''
|}

===Chairs===
The following is a list of chairs of The Tolkien Society; in April 2017 the Society replaced the title "Chairman" with "Chair". ''Italic text'' indicates an acting chairman who was appointed, rather than elected.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background: var(--tg-color-surface-2);"
! !!Name!!Start of term!!End of term!!Duration
|-
| ||''[[Vera Chapman]]''||''29 January 1970''||''20 November 1970''|| data-sort-value=".296" |''296 days''
|-
|1||'''[[Keith Bridges]]'''||20 November 1970<ref group="note">Acting Chairman from 20 November 1970 to 15 January 1972.</ref>||17 February 1973||2 years, 89 days
|-
|2||'''[[Hartley Patterson]]'''||18 February 1973||16 February 1974|| data-sort-value=".363" |363 days
|-
|3||'''[[Jonathan Simons]]'''||17 February 1974||28 April 1984||10 years, 71 days
|-
|4||'''[[Brin Dunsire]]'''||29 April 1984||16 April 1988||3 years, 354 days
|-
|5||'''[[Alex Lewis]]'''||17 April 1988||11 April 1992||3 years, 360 days
|-
|6||'''[[Amanda Campbell|Amanda Fingleson]]'''||12 April 1992||20 April 1996||4 years, 9 days
|-
|7||'''[[Chris Crawshaw]]'''||21 April 1996||19 April 2008||11 years, 364 days
|-
|8||'''[[Matthew Vernon]]'''||20 April 2008||8 January 2009|| data-sort-value=".264" |264 days
|-
|9||'''[[Sally Kennett]]'''||8 January 2009<ref group="note">Acting Chairman from 8 January 2009 to 25 April 2009.</ref>||20 April 2013||4 years, 102 days
|-
|10||'''[[Shaun Gunner]]'''<ref name="CEO" />||21 April 2013||31 May 2025||12 years, 41 days
|- style="font-color var(--tg-color-emphasized);"
|11||'''[[Daniel Helen]]'''<ref group="note">Acting Chair following Shaun Gunner's appointment to CEO.</ref>||1 June 2025||19 September 2025|| data-sort-value=".111" |111 days
|-
|12||'''''[[Hannah McDonald]]'''''||'''''19 September 2025'''''||'''''present'''''|| data-sort-value="<nowiki>{{#expr: </nowiki>{{#time: z}} -264}" |'''''{{#expr: {{#time: z}} -261}} days'''''
|}

;Notes
<references group="note" />

==Smials==
Smials are the local groups of the Tolkien Society, formed by members who meet in a particular town, region, or country to share their interest in the life and works of J.R.R. Tolkien. The name derives from Tolkien’s own term [[Smials|smial]] for a hobbit‑hole.

Smials operate semi‑independently and vary widely in size and activity. Many hold regular meetings, while others organise reading groups, lectures, themed walks, or celebrations of Tolkien‑related anniversaries such as [[Tolkien Reading Day]]. Although they are recognised by the Tolkien Society, they are run by volunteers and set their own programmes, providing a local complement to the Society’s events. Smials exist in the United Kingdom and in several countries worldwide, and new groups may be founded by members with the Society’s approval.<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/society/smials/|articlename=Smials|accessed=2026-03-25|website=[https://www.tolkiensociety.org The Tolkien Society]}}</ref>

==Publications==
*''[[Belladonna's Broadsheet]]'', the first bulletin of The Tolkien Society.
*''[[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]]'' is the bulletin of the Society and is published six times a year.<ref name="Amon">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ts_info/amonhen.html|articlename=Amon Hen - The bulleting of the Tolkien Society|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=07-August-2012}}</ref>
*''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]'' is the journal of the Society and is currently published once a year, in the Spring.<ref name="Mallorn">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ts_info/mallorn.html|articlename=Mallorn - The Journal of the Tolkien Society|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=07-August-2012}}</ref>
*''[[Quettar]]'' was the journal of the Linguistic Fellowship of The Tolkien Society.

==Events==
The Tolkien Society organises the following events each year:
*'''[[Birthday Toast|The Birthday Toast]]''' is held on [[3 January]] (Tolkien's birthday) every year. The Society encourages Tolkien fans from across the world to toast the Professor at 9pm wherever they are.
*'''[[Tolkien Reading Day]]''', held annually on [[25 March]], is an international event which promotes the reading of Tolkien's works.
*'''The Annual General Meeting and Springmoot''' involves a meeting where formal business (with regard to the running of the Tolkien Society) is discussed, followed by a semi-formal dinner with a guest speaker. It is held over a weekend each April.<ref name="AGM">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/agm/|articlename=About The Annual General Meeting|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=07-August-2012}}</ref> The '''[[Tolkien Society Awards]]''' are announced during the dinner of this event.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/society/awards/|articlename=Awards|website=TS|accessed=15 December 2022}}</ref>
*'''The Seminar''' is an event which consists of a programme of talks on a Tolkien-related theme. It is held most summers (around June or July).<ref name="Seminar">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/seminar/|articlename=Seminar home page|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=07-August-2012}}</ref>
*'''[[Oxonmoot]]''' is a convention held at an Oxford college on the weekend closest to [[22 September]], [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s birthday.<ref name="Oxonmoot">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/oxon/|articlename=Oxonmoot index page|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=07-August-2012}}</ref>
*'''[[Westmoot]]''' is a new convention aimed at US members of the Society. The inaugural event took place in [[Wikipedia:Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City, Missouri]] on Friday [[May 9]] - Sunday [[May 11]] [[2025]] at the [[Wikipedia:National World War I Museum and Memorial|National World War I Museum and Memorial]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/events/westmoot-2025/|articlename=Westmoot 2025|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=28-November-2024}}</ref>
The Tolkien Society also organises large conferences in order to celebrate an anniversary around J.R.R. Tolkien and/or his works. Past events:
*'''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference|The J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference]]''' was held at Keble College (in [[Oxford]], England) in [[1992]]. It celebrated the centenary of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s birth. It was organised in conjunction with the [[Mythopoeic Society]] and was a combination of Oxonmoot 1992 and Mythcon 23.<ref name="Centenary">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/1992/index.html|articlename=Tolkien Centenary Conference 1992|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=07-August-2012}}</ref>
*'''[[Tolkien 2005|Tolkien 2005: The Ring Goes Ever On]]''' was held at Aston University (in Birmingham, England) in [[2005]]. It celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the complete publication of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name="Tolkien2005">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/2005/about.html|articlename=About Tolkien 2005|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ The Tolkien Society]|accessed=07-August-2012}}</ref>
*'''[[The Return of the Ring|The Return of the Ring: Celebrating Tolkien in 2012]]''' was held at Loughborough University (in Leicestershire, England) in [[2012]]. It celebrated the seventy-fifth anniversary of the publication of ''[[The Hobbit]]''.<ref name="Return">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.returnofthering.org/index.php|articlename=The Return of the Ring - Celebrating Tolkien in 2012|website=[http://www.returnofthering.org/ The Return of the Ring]|accessed=07-August-2012}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Plaques and Memorials]]

==External links==
*'''[http://www.tolkiensociety.org Official website]'''
*[http://twitter.com/TolkienSociety Twitter feed]
*[http://www.facebook.com/TheTolkienSociety Facebook page]
*[http://www.facebook.com/groups/TheTolkienSociety.EducationalCharity/ Facebook group]
*[https://www.tolkiensociety.org/members/discord/ Discord server] (members only)

{{References}}
{{tolkiensociety}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien Society}}
[[Category:British organizations]]
[[Category:Tolkien Societies]]
[[Category:The Tolkien Society| ]]
[[fi:The Tolkien Society]]

File:Matěj Čadil - The Hands of the King are the Hands of the Healer.jpeg

2026-02-17T12:02:24Z

ElwingNinque: category

==Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[http://neral85.deviantart.com/ Matěj Čadil]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Images of Aragorn]]
[[Category:Images of Éomer]]
[[Category:Images of Éowyn]]
[[Category:Images of Gandalf]]
[[Category:Images of the Houses of Healing]]
[[Category:Images of the Elessar of Eärendil]]

File:Matěj Čadil - The Hobbit Chapter 5 - Riddles in the Dark.jpg

2026-02-17T10:10:44Z

ElwingNinque: correct categories

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=An illustration of the Chapter 5 of [[The Hobbit]]: [[Riddles in the Dark]]
|date=2025-10-01
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
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=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Images of Bilbo]]
[[Category:Images of Gollum]]
[[Category:Images of Riddles in the Dark]]

File:Matěj Čadil - The Hobbit Chapter 5 - Riddles in the Dark.jpg

2026-02-17T10:09:06Z

ElwingNinque: == Summary == =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description=An illustration of the Chapter 5 of The Hobbit: Riddles in the Dark |date=2025-10-01 |source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil |author=Matěj Čadil |permission= |other versions= }} =={{int:license-header}}== {{Copyright-permission|Matěj Čadil|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.pat...

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=An illustration of the Chapter 5 of [[The Hobbit]]: [[Riddles in the Dark]]
|date=2025-10-01
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Images of Gandalf]]
[[Category:Images of Bilbo]]
[[Category:Images of Bag End]]
[[Category:Images of Thorin and Company]]

File:Matěj Čadil - The Hobbit Chapter 4 - Over Hill and Under Hill.jpg

2026-02-17T09:45:58Z

ElwingNinque: == Summary == =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description=An illustration of the Chapter 4 of The Hobbit: Over Hill and Under Hill |date=2025-08-27 |source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil |author=Matěj Čadil |permission= |other versions= }} =={{int:license-header}}== {{Copyright-permission|Matěj Čadil|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://ww...

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=An illustration of the Chapter 4 of [[The Hobbit]]: [[Over Hill and Under Hill]]
|date=2025-08-27
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
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=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Images of Thorin and Company]]
[[Category:Images of Goblin-town]]

File:Matěj Čadil - The Hobbit Chapter 3 - A Short Rest.jpg

2026-02-17T09:41:50Z

ElwingNinque: == Summary == =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description=An illustration of the Chapter 3 of The Hobbit: A Short Rest |date=2025-06-21 |source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil |author=Matěj Čadil |permission= |other versions= }} =={{int:license-header}}== {{Copyright-permission|Matěj Čadil|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.co...

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=An illustration of the Chapter 3 of [[The Hobbit]]: [[A Short Rest]]
|date=2025-06-21
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
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=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Images of Rivendell]]
[[Category:Images of Thorin and Company]]
[[Category:Images of Thrór's Map]]

File:Matěj Čadil - The Hobbit Chapter 2 - Roast Mutton.jpg

2026-02-17T09:35:50Z

ElwingNinque: == Summary == =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description=An illustration of the Chapter 2 of The Hobbit: Roast Mutton |date=2025-05-05 |source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil |author=Matěj Čadil |permission= |other versions= }} =={{int:license-header}}== {{Copyright-permission|Matěj Čadil|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.co...

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=An illustration of the Chapter 2 of [[The Hobbit]]: [[Roast Mutton]]
|date=2025-05-05
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Images of William, Tom, and Bert]]
[[Category:Images of Glamdring]]
[[Category:Images of Orcrist]]
[[Category:Images of Sting]]

File:Matěj Čadil - The Hobbit Chapter 1 - An Unexpected Party.jpg

2026-02-17T09:25:54Z

ElwingNinque: == Summary == =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description=An illustration of the Chapter 1 of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Party |date=2025-05-05 |source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil |author=Matěj Čadil |permission= |other versions= }} =={{int:license-header}}== {{Copyright-permission|Matěj Čadil|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.pat...

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=An illustration of the Chapter 1 of [[The Hobbit]]: [[An Unexpected Party]]
|date=2025-05-05
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]
[[Category:Images of Gandalf]]
[[Category:Images of Bilbo]]
[[Category:Images of Bag End]]
[[Category:Images of Thorin and Company]]

Tolkien Reading Day

2026-02-03T17:27:52Z

ElwingNinque: 2026 theme

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Reading Tolkien.jpg|alt=Reading Tolkien|thumb|Reading Tolkien – an illustration for the Tolkien Reading Day by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
'''Tolkien Reading Day''' is an annual event held on the [[25 March]] to celebrate and promote the writings of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. It was founded by [[The Tolkien Society]].<ref name="TS1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/society/events/reading-day/|articlename=Tolkien Reading Day|website=TS|accessed=19 September 2015}}</ref>
==History==
In late [[2002]], journalist Sean Kirst contacted [[The Tolkien Society]] to enquire "is there any day devoted informally to readings from the trilogy, in the way that 'Bloomsday' is devoted to Joyce?"<ref name="TS1" /> Although Kirst published the article in Syracuse's ''The Post-Standard'' anyway,<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.syracuse.com/kirst/index.ssf/2006/03/the_international_tolkien_read.html|articlename=The International Tolkien Reading Day: Looking back on how it started, in Syracuse|author=Sean Kirst|dated=20 March 2006|website=[http://www.syracuse.com Syracuse NY Local News]|accessed=19 September 2015}}</ref> [[The Tolkien Society]] committee liked the idea so much that they announced that the [[25 March]] [[2003]] would be the very first "Tolkien Reading Day".<ref>"Announcements" in [[Amon Hen 179|''Amon Hen'' 179]] (January 2003), p. 9</ref> It has been held annually ever since.<ref name="TS1" />

==Date==
The [[25 March]] was chosen by [[The Tolkien Society|the Society]] as the "auspicious" date of the destruction of [[the One Ring]] and the Downfall of [[Sauron]] as recorded in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>"Announcements" in [[Amon Hen 180|''Amon Hen'' 180]] (March 2003), p. 7</ref><ref>{{App|B3}}</ref>

==Themes==

A theme of the Tolkien Reading Day is chosen by The Tolkien Society every year. In the recent years the themes have been:

*[[2013]]: Tolkien’s landscapes
*[[2014]]: Hope
*[[2015]]: Friendship
*[[2016]]: Life, Death, and Immortality
*[[2017]]: Poetry and Song
*[[2018]]: Home and Hearth
*[[2019]]: Tolkien and the Mysterious
*[[2020]]: Nature and Industry
*[[2021]]: Hope and Courage
*[[2022]]: Love and Friendship
*[[2023]]: Travel and Adventure
*[[2024]]: Service and Sacrifice
*[[2025]]: Fellowship and Community
*[[2026]]: Unlikely Heroes

==External links==
*[https://steadyhq.com/en/thetolkienist/posts/a34aab0e-1939-4c78-99cb-64bd28eadeaf Listen to this article] as part of the [[Asleep in Arda]] series by [[Marcel Bülles]]
*'''[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/society/events/reading-day/ Tolkien Reading Day]''' on [[The Tolkien Society]] website

{{references}}
{{tolkiensociety}}
[[Category:Events (real-world)]]
[[Category:The Tolkien Society]]
[[de:Tolkien Lesetag]]

The Hobbit (1967 film)

2025-11-06T13:06:32Z

ElwingNinque: Adolf Born

{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image = The Hobbit (1967 film) - Title card.png
| caption =
| name=J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit
| director=[[Gene Deitch]]
| producer=[[William Lawrence Snyder|William Snyder]]
| writer=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (Novel) [[Gene Deitch]] (Screenplay)
| narrator=Herb Lass<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://www.awn.com/articles/profiles/hobbit-alized-first-attempt-animating-hobbit|articlename=Hobbit-alized: The First Attempt At Animating The Hobbit|dated=11 December 2001|website=awn.com|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>
| starring=
| music= Václav Lidl<ref name="Deitch"/>
| cinematography= Adolf Born<ref name="Deitch"/>
| editing=
| distributor=
| released=Limited audience: [[29 June]], [[1967]]<ref name="Deitch"/>
| runtime=00:11:42
| country=United States, Czechoslovakia
| language=English
| budget=
| website=
| imdb_id=1686804
}}

{{Quote|A homebody [[Hobbits|hobbit]] finds [[Bilbo Baggins|himself]] going on a [[Quest of Erebor|quest]] to save a [[Dwarves|dwarven]] [[Erebor|treasure]] from a [[Smaug|dragon]] in this loose adaptation of the classic [[The Hobbit|novel]].|IMDB description<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt1686804/?ref_=nm_flmg_t_15_prd|articlename=The Hobbit (Short 1967)|website=[http://m.imdb.com/]}}</ref>}}

'''''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit''''' was the first film adaptation of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', created by [[Gene Deitch]] in 1967. The film was produced by [[William Lawrence Snyder]] and took less than a month to create. The film was approximately 12 minutes long and was only created so Snyder could extend his license for ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and sell it back to Tolkien and his publishers, which he did for $100,000.<ref name="Deitch" />

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!Actor!!Role
|-
|Herb Lass<ref name="Deitch" />||Narrator
|}

==Plot==
The story begins with [[Dale]], the city of Golden Bells, just before [[Dominion of Men|Men came to power]] in [[Middle-earth]]. But then the [[Dragons|Monster Lizard]] [[Smaug|Slag the Terrible]], the Agent of Evil on [[Arda|Earth]], came and ransacked the Golden Realm of Dale, taking all of their treasures for himself, including the precious [[Arkenstone]] of Old, the White Heart of the [[Lonely Mountain|Mountain]]. Only General [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]], [[Mika Milovana|Princess Mika]] and a lone, unnamed watchman (who had been asleep when Slag attacked) survived. Desperate, they turned to the [[Wizards|Great Wizard]] [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]] in his lonely tower. He pointed them to a prophecy of the Dragon's death in the [[Red Book of Westmarch|Great Book]], for which they needed a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]. The whole party went to the [[Bag End|house]] of [[Bilbo Baggins]] who, living a different sort of life than his [[Bandobras Took|ancestor]], initially refused the task requested of him, but after some persuasion from Gandalf and the princess, joined the three on their quest.

Soon, they encountered two "[[Trolls|Groans]]", monstrous creatures that turned into trees when exposed to sunlight. Bilbo's companions were captured, but Bilbo tricked the two into a fight until the sun rose. They continued their journey, and General Oakenshield and the Princess started to appreciate their burglar. But suddenly, Bilbo disappeared. He had fallen through a crevasse in the mountain, and fell past the evil "[[Orcs|Grablins]]" into the lake where "[[Gollum|Goloom]]" dwelt. He found Goloom's [[The One Ring|magic ring]], and dashed away through the tunnels. He hid behind a rock, and allowed Goloom to overtake him so he could find his way out.

After travelling through [[Mirkwood|Mirkwood Forest]], Bilbo came to the [[Lonely Mountain]]. He stole the Arkenstone, crafted a bow from mining tools, and shot the Arkenstone through Slag's heart. Slag was killed, and Dale restored. Bilbo returned to [[Hobbiton]] with Princess Mika as his wife.

==Production==
The film was produced under tight deadlines. As Gene Deitch lived in Czechoslovakia at the time, he employed his friend [[Adolf Born]], Czech painter and illustrator, as the cinematographer. Born’s visual contributions gave the film its distinctive animated style. Though the film was conceived primarily as a contractual “ashcan copy” to preserve adaptation rights, Born’s participation links the project to the broader tradition of Czech animation and illustration. His later career established him as one of Central Europe’s most celebrated illustrators, but ''The Hobbit'' remains a notable early example of his work in international film.<ref name="Deitch" />

==Status==
The film remained unknown to Tolkien fans until 2012, when Deitch posted on his blog about the film's history. The film was long considered lost until it was rediscovered by Snyder's son and released on YouTube in 2012.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[DVTV]]|articleurl=https://video.aktualne.cz/dvtv/jsi-bud-komunista-nebo-blazen-slychaval-ceskoslovensko-bylo/r~a96bd4a84c8211e880d30cc47ab5f122/?redirected=1526714757|articlename=Jsi buď komunista, nebo blázen, slýchával. Československo bylo jako středověk, líčí držitel Oscara / 'You are either a communist or a fool': Czechoslovakia was like the Middle Ages, says the Oscar winner|dated=19 May 2018|website=awn.com|accessed=10 October 2022}}</ref> Currently, it is available online.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit (1967 film)|Images from ''The Hobbit'' (1967 film)]]

==External links==
*{{WP|The Hobbit (1967 film)}}

{{references}}
{{Screen}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Films]]

Tolkien Reading Day

2025-10-10T23:00:11Z

ElwingNinque: 2025 theme

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Reading Tolkien.jpg|alt=Reading Tolkien|thumb|Reading Tolkien – an illustration for the Tolkien Reading Day by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
'''Tolkien Reading Day''' is an annual event held on the [[25 March]] to celebrate and promote the writings of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. It was founded by [[The Tolkien Society]].<ref name="TS1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/society/events/reading-day/|articlename=Tolkien Reading Day|website=TS|accessed=19 September 2015}}</ref>
==History==
In late [[2002]], journalist Sean Kirst contacted [[The Tolkien Society]] to enquire "is there any day devoted informally to readings from the trilogy, in the way that 'Bloomsday' is devoted to Joyce?"<ref name="TS1" /> Although Kirst published the article in Syracuse's ''The Post-Standard'' anyway,<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.syracuse.com/kirst/index.ssf/2006/03/the_international_tolkien_read.html|articlename=The International Tolkien Reading Day: Looking back on how it started, in Syracuse|author=Sean Kirst|dated=20 March 2006|website=[http://www.syracuse.com Syracuse NY Local News]|accessed=19 September 2015}}</ref> [[The Tolkien Society]] committee liked the idea so much that they announced that the [[25 March]] [[2003]] would be the very first "Tolkien Reading Day".<ref>"Announcements" in [[Amon Hen 179|''Amon Hen'' 179]] (January 2003), p. 9</ref> It has been held annually ever since.<ref name="TS1" />

==Date==
The [[25 March]] was chosen by [[The Tolkien Society|the Society]] as the "auspicious" date of the destruction of [[the One Ring]] and the Downfall of [[Sauron]] as recorded in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>"Announcements" in [[Amon Hen 180|''Amon Hen'' 180]] (March 2003), p. 7</ref><ref>{{App|B3}}</ref>

==Themes==

A theme of the Tolkien Reading Day is chosen by The Tolkien Society every year. In the recent years the themes have been:

*2013: Tolkien’s landscapes
*2014: Hope
*2015: Friendship
*2016: Life, Death, and Immortality
*2017: Poetry and Song
*2018: Home and Hearth
*2019: Tolkien and the Mysterious
*2020: Nature and Industry
*2021: Hope and Courage
*2022: Love and Friendship
*2023: Travel and Adventure
*2024: Service and Sacrifice
*2025: Fellowship and Community

==External links==
*[https://steadyhq.com/en/thetolkienist/posts/a34aab0e-1939-4c78-99cb-64bd28eadeaf Listen to this article] as part of the [[Asleep in Arda]] series by [[Marcel Aubron-Bülles]]
*'''[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/society/events/reading-day/ Tolkien Reading Day]''' on [[The Tolkien Society]] website

{{references}}
{{tolkiensociety}}
[[Category:Events (real-world)]]
[[Category:The Tolkien Society]]
[[de:Tolkien Lesetag]]

Lída Holubová

2025-10-09T17:23:33Z

ElwingNinque: Fungi in Art

{{artist infobox
| image=
| name=Lída Aegeri Holubová
| born=
| died=
| style=
| images=[[:Category:Images by Lída Holubová|Gallery]]
| location=Czech Republic
| website=
|}}
'''Lída Holubová''' known also by her nickname '''Aegeri''' or '''Gnóme the Artist''' is a Czech artist and active member of the Tolkien community.

She resides in Prague and has a deep connection to Tolkien's world. She discovered Middle-earth through books from her local library as a child and was captivated by the depth and elaboration of Tolkien's work. She is a self-taught artist and was influenced by renowned illustrators like [[John Howe]] and [[Alan Lee]]. She collaborates and finds mutual inspiration with other Czech Tolkien artists, especially [[Matěj Čadil]] and [[Šárka Škorpíková]].<ref>[https://www.deviantart.com/mirachravaia/journal/Talks-with-Tolkien-artists-aegeri-744022046 Talks with Tolkien artists: aegeri by MirachRavaia], DeviantArt (13 May 2018)</ref>

[[File:Lída Holubová - Luthien.jpg|thumb|Painting featured on the cover of [[Mallorn 62|''Mallorn'' 62]]]]
Her illustration ''Lúthien Tinúviel'' was featured on the cover of ''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]'' (Issue 62, Winter 2021), the journal of the [[Tolkien Society]]. Her illustration ''Vingilot'' has been featured as the front cover artwork of the eponymous digital publication of The Tolkien Society.

In 2024 she illustrated the booklet for a musical album ''Místa Středozemě'' ("Places of Middle-earth") by Czech group [[Poetické hudební společenstvo]].

Her illustration ''Tilion'' was featured as the cover art of Polish Tolkien journal [[Aiglos (journal)|''Aiglos'']] (Issue 26, Summer 2024).

Beyond her Tolkien-inspired art, one of her common subject have been illustrations of fungi. In 2025, her work was included in ''Fungi Fest – Houby v umění'' ("Fungi in Art"), a group exhibition at Zámek Veleslavín in Prague that showcased mushroom-themed art across diverse media.<ref>[https://martinfryc.eu/vystavy/vernisaz-fungi-fest-houby-v-umeni/]</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Lída Holubová|Images by Lída Holubová]]

==External links==
*[http://aegeri.deviantart.com/ DeviantArt profile]
*[http://www.deviantart.com/mirachravaia/journal/Talks-with-Tolkien-artists-aegeri-744022046 Talks with Tolkien artists: aegeri] – interview on DeviantArt
*[https://www.instagram.com/gnome.the.artist/ Gnóme | Lída Holubová] – Instagram profile

==References==
<references />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holubova, Lida}}
[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:Czech people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

<references />

Tolkien Reading Day

2025-10-08T15:31:43Z

ElwingNinque: illustration

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Reading Tolkien.jpg|alt=Reading Tolkien|thumb|Reading Tolkien – an illustration for the Tolkien Reading Day by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
'''Tolkien Reading Day''' is an annual event held on the [[25 March]] to celebrate and promote the writings of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. It was founded by [[The Tolkien Society]].<ref name="TS1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/society/events/reading-day/|articlename=Tolkien Reading Day|website=TS|accessed=19 September 2015}}</ref>
==History==
In late [[2002]], journalist Sean Kirst contacted [[The Tolkien Society]] to enquire "is there any day devoted informally to readings from the trilogy, in the way that 'Bloomsday' is devoted to Joyce?"<ref name="TS1" /> Although Kirst published the article in Syracuse's ''The Post-Standard'' anyway,<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.syracuse.com/kirst/index.ssf/2006/03/the_international_tolkien_read.html|articlename=The International Tolkien Reading Day: Looking back on how it started, in Syracuse|author=Sean Kirst|dated=20 March 2006|website=[http://www.syracuse.com Syracuse NY Local News]|accessed=19 September 2015}}</ref> [[The Tolkien Society]] committee liked the idea so much that they announced that the [[25 March]] [[2003]] would be the very first "Tolkien Reading Day".<ref>"Announcements" in [[Amon Hen 179|''Amon Hen'' 179]] (January 2003), p. 9</ref> It has been held annually ever since.<ref name="TS1" />

==Date==
The [[25 March]] was chosen by [[The Tolkien Society|the Society]] as the "auspicious" date of the destruction of [[the One Ring]] and the Downfall of [[Sauron]] as recorded in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>"Announcements" in [[Amon Hen 180|''Amon Hen'' 180]] (March 2003), p. 7</ref><ref>{{App|B3}}</ref>

==Themes==

A theme of the Tolkien Reading Day is chosen by The Tolkien Society every year. In the recent years the themes have been:

*2013: Tolkien’s landscapes
*2014: Hope
*2015: Friendship
*2016: Life, Death, and Immortality
*2017: Poetry and Song
*2018: Home and Hearth
*2019: Tolkien and the Mysterious
*2020: Nature and Industry
*2021: Hope and Courage
*2022: Love and Friendship
*2023: Travel and Adventure
*2024: Service and Sacrifice

==External links==
*[https://steadyhq.com/en/thetolkienist/posts/a34aab0e-1939-4c78-99cb-64bd28eadeaf Listen to this article] as part of the [[Asleep in Arda]] series by [[Marcel Aubron-Bülles]]
*'''[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/society/events/reading-day/ Tolkien Reading Day]''' on [[The Tolkien Society]] website

{{references}}
{{tolkiensociety}}
[[Category:Events (real-world)]]
[[Category:The Tolkien Society]]
[[de:Tolkien Lesetag]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Reading Tolkien.jpg

2025-10-08T15:29:09Z

ElwingNinque: == Summary == =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description=Reading Tolkien – an illustration for the concept of the Tolkien Reading Day |date=2025-03-25 |source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil |author=Matěj Čadil |permission= |other versions= }} =={{int:license-header}}== {{Copyright-permission|Matěj Čadil|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://ww...

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=Reading Tolkien – an illustration for the concept of the [[Tolkien Reading Day]]
|date=2025-03-25
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]

Category:Images of Telemnar

2025-10-07T17:09:04Z

ElwingNinque: Created page with "{{Main|Telemnar}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Telemnar}} Category:Images of Gondorian kings Category:Images of Gondorians"

{{Main|Telemnar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Telemnar}}

[[Category:Images of Gondorian kings]]
[[Category:Images of Gondorians]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Telemnar of Gondor.jpg

2025-10-07T17:06:43Z

ElwingNinque: correct category

== Summary ==
{{Information
|description=King Telemnar of Gondor
|date=2025-03-26
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

==Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ Matěj Čadil]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]

[[Category:Images of Telemnar]]

Telemnar

2025-10-07T17:06:12Z

ElwingNinque: portrait illustration

{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Telemnar
| image=Matěj Čadil - Telemnar of Gondor.jpg
| caption="Telemnar of Gondor" by [[Matěj Čadil]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|1516}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|1634}} - {{TA|1636|n}} (2 years)
| death={{TA|1636}}
| deathlocation=During [[Great Plague]]
| age=120
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Minardil]]
| siblings=[[Minastan]]
| spouse=
| children=Unnamed children
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}'''Telemnar''', {{TA|1516}}<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> - {{TA|1636}},<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> was the twenty-sixth [[King of Gondor]].

==History==
Telemnar came to the throne unexpectedly when his father [[Minardil]] was killed in a surprise raid by [[Corsairs of Umbar]]. In response, he began outfitting a fleet to reduce the [[Umbar|Haven of Umbar]], but this work was halted when the [[Great Plague]] struck his realm.<ref name="Elendil" /> The King and all his children died in {{TA|1636}},<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> as did a large number of the people of [[Gondor]]. The [[White Tree of Gondor#Second White Tree|White Tree]] withered and died, [[Osgiliath]] was partially deserted and began to fall into ruin, and the watch on [[Mordor]] ceased.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

With Telemnar and all his heirs deceased, the Kingship passed on to his nephew [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]], the son of Telemnar's younger brother [[Minastan]].<ref name="South" />

==Etymology==
''Telemnar'' is [[Quenya]]. Its meaning is not glossed, but as Paul Strack explains, it seems to mean "Silver Fire" and be a compound of an assimilated form [[telep]] of [[telpë]] ("silver") and the element [[nár (Quenya)|nár]] ("fire").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-185503219.html|articlename=Q. ''Telemnar'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=28 July 2021}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | HYA | | |HYA=[[Hyarmendacil II]] ''{{TA|1391|n}} - {{TA|1621|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | MIN | | |MIN=[[Minardil]] ''{{TA|1454|n}} - {{TA|1634|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | TEL | | MIN |TEL='''TELEMNAR''' ''{{TA|1516|n}} - {{TA|1636|n}}''†|MIN=[[Minastan]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | CHI | | TAR |CHI=''children'' ''unknown''†|TAR=[[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] ''{{TA|1577|n}} - {{TA|1798|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | TEL |TEL=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar Umbardacil]] ''{{TA|1632|n}} - {{TA|1850|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Anárion]] Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]
| born={{TA|1516}}
| died={{TA|1636}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Minardil]]
| list=26th [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|1634}} - {{TA|1636|n}}
| next=[[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{southernline}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Telemnar of Gondor.jpg

2025-10-07T17:04:11Z

ElwingNinque: == Summary == {{Information |description=King Telemnar of Gondor |date=2025-03-26 |source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil |author=Matěj Čadil |permission= |other versions= }} ==Licensing== {{Copyright-permission|Matěj Čadil|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ Matěj Čadil]|Matěj Čadil}} Category:Images by Matěj Čadil Category:Images of Minardil

Desolation of the Morannon

2025-10-07T16:38:43Z

ElwingNinque: added illustration

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Desolation of the Morannon.jpg|thumb|Desolation of the Morannon by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
The '''Desolation of the Morannon''' was the dead land that lay just before the gates of [[Mordor]] south of the [[Dagorlad]]. The terrible barrenness of the landscape was due to the labours of [[Sauron]]'s slaves, who had so defiled the land that it was diseased beyond repair. It was a foul place of horror for absolutely nothing grew in the polluted soil. Pools of water were choked with ash and muds, slag-mounds of crushed and powered rock abounded, and cones of earth fire-blasted and stained with poison rose as if they were part of a graveyard.<ref>{{TT|Marshes}}</ref>

==History==
In {{TA|1944}} the [[Wainriders]] and men of [[Khand]] defeated the northern army of [[Gondor]] and killed King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor on a hill in the Desolation of the Morannon,<ref>{{UT|8a}}, twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth paragraph</ref> on which King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] would later fight the forces of [[Sauron]] in {{TA|3019}}.<ref>{{UT|8e}}, note 16</ref>

[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], led by [[Gollum]], reached the Desolation of the Morannon on [[4 March]], {{TA|3019}}. The hobbits spent [[5 March|the next day]] hiding in sight of the Gate, and at dusk they resumed their route.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entries for the 4th and 5th of March of the year 3019 of the Third Age</ref>

The [[Host of the West]] camped in the Desolation of the Morannon on [[24 March]], {{TA|3019}} and fought against the forces of Sauron on the slag-hills in the Desolation of the Morannon on [[25 March]], {{TA|3019}}.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entries for the 24th and 25th of March of the year 3019 of the Third Age</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] participated in the Battle of the Somme in 1916<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 334</ref><ref>{{L|165}}</ref> and remembered miles of seething tortured earth as described in the chapter about the approach to Mordor.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 455</ref><ref>{{L|226}}</ref>

{{References}}
[[Category:Mordor]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Fields, plains and deserts]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Desolation of the Morannon.jpg

2025-10-07T16:34:21Z

ElwingNinque: == Summary == =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description={{Blockquote|Dreadful as the Dead Marshes had been, and the arid moors of the Noman-lands, more loathsome far was the country that the crawling day now slowly unveiled to his shrinking eyes. Even to the Mere of Dead Faces some haggard phantom of green spring would come; but here neither spring nor summer would ever come again. Here nothing lived, not even the leprous growths that feed on rottenness. The gasping pools were choked wi...

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{Blockquote|Dreadful as the Dead Marshes had been, and the arid moors of the Noman-lands, more loathsome far was the country that the crawling day now slowly unveiled to his shrinking eyes. Even to the Mere of Dead Faces some haggard phantom of green spring would come; but here neither spring nor summer would ever come again. Here nothing lived, not even the leprous growths that feed on rottenness. The gasping pools were choked with ash and crawling muds, sickly white and grey, as if the mountains had vomited the filth of their entrails upon the lands about. High mounds of crushed and powdered rock, great cones of earth fire-blasted and poison-stained, stood like an obscene graveyard in endless rows, slowly revealed in the reluctant light.
They had come to the desolation that lay before Mordor: the lasting monument to the dark labour of its slaves that should endure when all their purposes were made void; a land defiled, diseased beyond all healing – unless the Great Sea should enter in and wash it with oblivion. 'I feel sick,' said Sam. Frodo did not speak.|{{Cite DTP|LR 4.02.088}} }}
|date=2025-02-01
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images of the Black Gate]]
[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Long-expected Delivery.jpeg

2025-10-07T16:08:15Z

ElwingNinque: =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description={{Blockquote|At the end of the second week in September a cart came in through Bywater from the direction of the Brandywine Bridge in broad daylight. An old man was driving it all alone. He wore a tall pointed blue hat, a long grey cloak, and a silver scarf. He had a long white beard and bushy eyebrows that stuck out beyond the brim of his hat. Small hobbit-children ran after the cart all through Hobbiton and right up the hill. It had a cargo of...

== Summary ==
=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{Blockquote|At the end of the second week in September a cart came in through Bywater from the direction of the Brandywine Bridge in broad daylight. An old man was driving it all alone. He wore a tall pointed blue hat, a long grey cloak, and a silver scarf. He had a long white beard and bushy eyebrows that stuck out beyond the brim of his hat. Small hobbit-children ran after the cart all through Hobbiton and right up the hill. It had a cargo of fireworks, as they rightly guessed. At Bilbo's front door the old man began to unload: there were great bundles of fireworks of all sorts and shapes, each labelled with a large red G and the elf-rune, ᚠ. That was Gandalf's mark, of course, and the old man was Gandalf the Wizard, whose fame in the Shire was due mainly to his skill with fires, smokes, and lights. His real business was far more difficult and dangerous, but the Shire-folk knew nothing about it.|{{Cite DTP|LR 1.01.026}} }}
|date=2025-02-01
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images of Bag End]]
[[Category:Images of Gandalf]]
[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]

File:Matěj Čadil - Hobbiton Renewed.jpg

2025-09-18T09:16:57Z

ElwingNinque:

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=Hobbiton renewed after the War of the Ring
|date=2024-12-03
|source=https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil
|author=Matěj Čadil
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{subst:Custom license marker added by UW}}
{{Copyright-permission|[[Matěj Čadil]]|[https://www.deviantart.com/matejcadil/ DeviantArt] · [https://www.facebook.com/matejcadil.art Facebook] · [https://www.instagram.com/matejcadil.art/ Instagram] · [https://www.patreon.com/matejcadil Patreon] · [https://matejcadil.etsy.com Etsy]|Matěj Čadil}}

[[Category:Images of Hobbiton]]
[[Category:Images of the Old Mill]]
[[Category:Images by Matěj Čadil]]