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When the black breath blows

2026-02-17T20:32:18Z

Grace18: Linked herb-master

"'''When the black breath blows'''" is a poem of herblore spoken by the [[herb-master]] of the [[Houses of Healing]] in the chapter "[[The Houses of Healing]]". It is an old rhyme telling of the healing properties of [[athelas]], though it is considered by some to be little more than an old wives' tale despite the truth of its words.

==Text==
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
When the [[Black Breath|black breath]] blows
and death's shadow grows
and all lights pass,
come athelas! come athelas!
Life to the dying
In the king's hand lying!
</poem>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'' '''

The poem is recounted by one of the healers at [[Halbarad]]'s encampment at [[Sarn Ford]], though "athelas" is here mispronounced as "ah-THAY-lus" rather than "ATH-e-lass" as the poem would suggest.

==See also==
* [[Poems in The Lord of the Rings|Poems in ''The Lord of the Rings'']]
[[Category:Poems in The Return of the King]]

Black Breath

2026-02-17T20:31:44Z

Grace18: Linked herb-master

{{quote|When the black breath blows and death's shadow grows and all lights pass, come athelas! come athelas! Life to the dying In the king's hand lying!''|The [[herb-master]] in the [[Houses of Healing]], quoting "doggerel" spoken by [[Ioreth]]<ref>{{RK|Houses}}, p. 865</ref>}}
[[File:Chris Cold - The Black Breath.jpg|thumb|250px|right|"The Black Breath" by [[:Category:Images by Chris Cold|Chris Cold]]]]
The '''Black Breath''' or '''Black [[Shadow]]''' was a weapon used by the [[Nazgûl]]. The Ringwraiths' breath was poisonous and could overpower those affected by it.

This evil blight caused their victims to slip into a dark cold sleep and never recover. Those stricken by the malady murmured in their sleep until a grey shadow fell on their faces as they fell into the darkness.

==History==
After the [[Witch-king]] led [[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath]], news of a "Black Shadow" reached [[Eriador]] and [[Gandalf]] felt a sense of dread.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

In the evening of [[29 September]] {{TA|3018}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3018 September 29</ref> [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] left [[the Prancing Pony]] and went for a stroll in [[Bree]]. He saw and followed (or was drawn by) a dark shadow, but then fell unconscious. [[Aragorn|Strider]] stated that Merry had been overcome by the Black Breath.<ref>{{FR|Strider}}, pp. 172-3</ref>

During the [[Siege of Gondor]] many were wounded and those stricken by the Black Shadow were brought to the [[Houses of Healing]], but the healers could not find a remedy. In the last retreat before the city of [[Minas Tirith]] was besieged, [[Faramir]] fell under the shadow while fighting to hold his outpost, and after being struck with an arrow was brought to the Houses of Healing on [[13 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019 March 13</ref><ref>{{RK|Siege}}, p. 810</ref> It appears that both Merry and [[Éowyn]] were exposed to the Black Breath when they fought the [[Witch-king]] during the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]<ref>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 841</ref> on [[15 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019 March 15</ref> Later on that day after the battle Aragorn came to the [[Houses of Healing]] and recognized that Faramir was suffering from the Black Breath. Aragorn used ''[[athelas]]'' to cure Faramir, Éowyn, Merry and others who had been hurt by the Black Breath. This led to the rapidly spread news that the King had returned.<ref>{{RK|Houses}}, p. 860-871</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Magic]]
[[Category:Nazgûl]]
[[de:Schwarzer Anhauch]]
[[fi:Musta Hengitys]]

Noman-lands

2025-12-23T06:12:19Z

Grace18: Expanded OVOTL

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Noman-lands.jpg|thumb|250px|The Noman-lands in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
The '''Noman-lands''' were a desolate region<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Noman-lands'', p. 334</ref> southeast of the [[Dead Marshes]] and northwest of the [[Desolation of the Morannon]].<ref name=Marshes>{{TT|Marshes}}</ref><ref>{{FR|Farewell}}, "for they [the Emyn Muil] look out over the Dead Marshes and the Noman-lands to Cirith Gorgor and the black gates of Mordor"</ref>

Southeast of the Dead Marshes lay arid moors with dead peats and wide flats of dry cracked mud that were followed by barren and pitiless long shallow rising slopes.<ref name=Marshes/>

[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], led by [[Gollum]] passed through the Noman-lands on [[2 March]] and [[3 March]], {{TA|3019}}.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the 2nd and 3rd of March of the year 3019 of the Third Age</ref><ref name="ChronNotes">{{WR|2|II}}, Note on the Chronology, final chronology, p. 120</ref><ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, p. 455</ref> On their journey to the [[Black Gate]], upon reaching the living lands and entering the desolate ones that stretched out in front of the Gate, the [[Host of the West]] could see the "[[Dead Marshes|marshes]] and the desert that stretched north and west to the [[Emyn Muil]]".<ref>{{RK|Gate}}, p. 886</ref> This desert was almost certainly the Noman-lands.<ref group=note>The "desert" mentioned in this passage matches the description of the Noman-lands, and is included as "the desert" in the Index entry for ''No Man's Land'' in ''[[The War of the Ring]]'', although it is not mentioned by name in the passage itself.</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==

The Noman-lands appear on the [[The First Map of The Lord of the Rings|first map]] that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] drew while he wrote ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and on [[Christopher Tolkien]]'s [[The 1943 Map of The Lord of the Rings|1943 map]]. On these maps they are located southwest of the Dead Marshes and northwest of [[Dagorlad]] which was just northeast of the [[Morannon]].<ref name="Map"/> Although these early conceptions place the Noman-lands between Sarn Gebir (Emyn Muil) and the Gates of [[Mordor]], this does not align with later conceptions and maps, in which the geography is rearranged and the Dead Marshes are moved southwest, so that they lie in the region between the Emyn Muil and the gates previously occupied by the Noman-lands. This geography appears on the ''[[Map of Rohan, Gondor, and Mordor]]'', and the Noman-lands do not appear there or in any other published maps.<ref name="Map"/><ref name="WRchanges">{{WR|2|II}}, pp. 111-12</ref>

Frodo's journey through the Noman-lands is not included in the earliest manuscript for ''[[The Two Towers]]'', where only the dreadful passage through the marshes is mentioned. However, the later, expanded passages, including those in the published version, also reference the Noman-lands, and two days<ref group=note>March 2-3 Night and March 3-4 Night were the two days added; these both bear the entry "Frodo journeys in the Noman-lands".</ref> were added to the [[Tale of Years]] and account for the time spent on this journey.<ref name="WRchanges"/><ref name="ChronNotes"/>

===Early names===
In a draft of the chapter ''Farewell to Lórien'', the Noman-lands were called '''''Uvanwaith'''''.<ref>{{TI|XIV}}, p.283</ref> This name is not glossed, but has been conjectured to be derived from the negative prefix [[ú-]]; ''waith'', the lenited form of [[gweith]] (which can refer to "people", or "region"); and the middle component, although more difficult to identify, has been suggested by Roman Rausch to be [[anw]] "male", or a lenited form of [[man (word)|man]] "someone".<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://www.elfdict.com/w/uvanwaith|articlename=''uvanwaith''|dated=|website=[https://www.elfdict.com/ Parf Edhellen: an elvish dictionary]|accessed=22 December 2025}}</ref> Other variants of this region's name appearing in earlier drafts include "Nomenlands", "Nomen's Land", "Noman-land(s)" and "No Man's Land".<ref>{{WR}}, Index entry for "Nomenlands"</ref> In the first edition of ''The Lord of the Rings'', the region is referred to as the "Nomen's land", rather than the Noman-lands of later editions.<ref name="Map">{{TI|Map|No}}, pp. 320-321</ref>

== Inspiration ==
Hammond and Scull suggest that the name was derived from ''no man's land'', a name for the ground that lies between the trenches of one army and the trenches of the enemy army, which J.R.R. Tolkien was familiar with, because he participated in the Battle of the Somme in 1916.<ref name=UI/><ref name=RC/><ref>{{L|226}}</ref><ref>{{L|165}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2016: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Noman-lands is an area in "the Wastes" region, located east of the [[Dead Marshes]] and west of [[Dagorlad]].

{{References|note}}

[[Category:Mordor]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Fields, plains and deserts]]

[[fi:Ei-kenenkään maa]]

Athelas

2025-12-16T05:34:59Z

Grace18: Tidied

{{disambig-more|Athelas|[[Athelas (disambiguation)]]}}
{{plant infobox
| name=Athelas
| image=John Howe - Athelas.jpg
| caption="[[:Image:John Howe - Athelas.jpg|Athelas]]" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun={{respell|ath|eh-las}}
| othernames=Kingsfoil (W), ''[[asëa aranion]]'' (Q)
| location=[[Númenor]] and the [[Westlands]], especially where [[Dúnedain]] had passed
| notablefor=Healing properties against the [[Black Breath]]
| family=
| appearance=
}}
'''''Athelas''''', also known as '''kingsfoil''' or '''''asëa aranion''''', was a sweet-smelling herb with healing properties, such as curing wounds, poison and counteracting evil influence such as the [[Black Breath]]. It held a special power of healing in the hands of the [[Kings of Gondor]].

==History==
During the [[First Age]] ''athelas'' was perhaps growing in [[Beleriand]]. [[Huan]] had found ''athelas'' to heal [[Beren]] of his wounds.<ref name="Canto10">{{LB|C10}}</ref>

''Athelas'' most notably grew on the island of [[Númenor]] and was brought to [[Middle-earth]] by the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="Flight">{{FR|I12}}</ref> It grew sparsely in [[Eriador|the North]] and only in places where the Men of Westernesse had camped or lived. By the end of the [[Third Age]] only the [[Rangers of the North]] retained the knowledge of its healing properties.

In [[Gondor]] (where it was known as '''kingsfoil''') the knowledge of its healing virtues had been lost by the [[Third Age]] (on account of their dependence on the long-absent kings),<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 581</ref> and its leaves were esteemed only for their refreshing scent and their potential ability to cure headaches. However, the memory of its former uses was retained in [[When the black breath blows|verses]] remembered by some of the older women in the Houses of Healing, and the special power it held in the hands of the [[Kings of Gondor]] was once again demonstrated by [[Aragorn]] upon his return to [[Gondor]].<ref name="Healing">{{RK|V8}}</ref>

Aragorn was very familiar with the plant, and its long leaves<ref name="Flight" /> were used by him on several occasions: healing [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] from the Morgul wound,<ref name="Flight" /> tending the wounds of Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] after the exit from [[Moria]],<ref name="Lorien">{{FR|II6}}</ref> and secretly entering [[Minas Tirith]] upon his return to [[Gondor]] to heal those touched by the [[Black Breath]], an act that enhanced his reputation and strengthened his claim to the crown.<ref name="Healing" />

==Properties and Effects==
''Athelas'', when dried and crushed in hot water, was refreshing. It cleared and calmed<ref name="Flight" /> the minds of those who smelled it. ''Athelas'' also strengthened<ref name="Lorien" /> those smelling the scent. It had a particular scent that was either unique to the individual who smelled the herb or influenced by the recipient of the herb's effects:

*[[Faramir]]'s scent was of "dewy mornings of unshadowed sun... [in which] Spring is itself but a fleeting memory."<ref name="Healing" />
*[[Ioreth]] smelled the "roses of Imloth Melui" from her childhood.<ref name="Healing" />
*[[Éowyn]] smelled no scent, as if the air was clean, fresh, and had never "been breathed by any living thing and came new-made from snowy mountains high beneath a dome of stars, or from shores of silver far away washed by seas of foam."<ref name="Healing" />
*[[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]]'s scent was that of "orchards, and of heather in the sunshine full of bees."<ref name="Healing" />

==Etymology==
''Athelas'' is a [[Sindarin]] word, consisting of ''[[athae]]'' + ''[[lass]]''.<ref name="Eldarin">{{PE|Eldarin}}, pp. 49-100</ref>

The [[Quenya]] cognate is '''''asëa aranion''''' ("asëa of the Kings").<ref name="Eldarin" /> It has been suggested that the whole name could mean "Beneficial (leaf) of Kings".<ref>[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quen-eng.htm Quettaparma Quenyallo] at [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/ Ardalambion] (accessed 14 May 2011)</ref><ref>[http://www.tuckborough.net/plants.html Plants & Trees] (cf. Athelas) at [http://www.tuckborough.net/index.htm The Thain's Book] (accessed 14 May 2011)</ref> The rejected form ''asea aranaite'' was used in a manuscript version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>{{WR|3|XI}}, p. 394</ref>

''Kingsfoil'' has the Old French element ''foil'', "leaf" as seen in [[Wikipedia:cinquefoil|cinquefoil]].<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 781</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
''Athelas'' does not appear in the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'' or in the tales of the [[First Age]] in general; however in the early ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' it was used by [[Huan]] and [[Lúthien]] to heal the wounded [[Beren]].<ref name="Canto10" /> This contradicts the information from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' of it being brought to Middle-earth by [[Númenóreans]],<ref name="Flight" /> so its history was either revised by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]], or ''athelas'' grew in [[Beleriand]] before it was destroyed, and then brought ''back'' to Middle-earth by Númenóreans in the [[Second Age]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Athelas in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:Liz Danforth - Aragorn brings athelas for Frodo.png|''“Aragorn brings athelas for Frodo”'' by [[Liz Danforth]], from [[Treasures of Middle-earth (2nd edition)|Treasures of Middle-earth]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Athelas.jpg|''Athelas'' from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Athelas.png|''Athelas'' from ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''
File:Andrea Piparo - Scattered Groves.jpg|''Athelas'' from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Tales of Middle-earth]]''
</gallery>
'''1994: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]—[[Treasures of Middle-earth (2nd edition)|Treasures of Middle-earth]]'''''
:''Athelas''' description generally follows that of the books, though it elaborates on several aspects. It's mentioned that knowledge of its healing properties was gradually forgotten after the [[Great Plague]], and that it's associated with good luck. Beyond places where Dúnedain camped, the plant is also common in [[Calenardhon]] and Northern Gondor, as well as [[Lebennin]]'s highlands.<ref>{{ICE|2010}}, p. 170</ref>

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:In the [[Flight to the Ford (scene)|Flight to the Ford scene]] Aragorn searches for the plant with Samwise, so that he might halt the effect of the [[Morgul-knife]] on Frodo. He finds it and uses some on the wound before [[Arwen]] takes Frodo on her horse to [[Rivendell]].

'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''
:''Athelas'' appears as a plant used by the Elf [[Tauriel]] to heal the Dwarf, [[Kili]], of a poisonous wound inflicted by an Orc's arrow.

==In other media==
Kingsfoil is also mentioned in [[wikipedia:Ursula K. Le Guin|Ursula K. Le Guin]]'s ''[[wikipedia:A Wizard of Earthsea|A Wizard of Earthsea]]'', as one of the herbs in the witch of Gont's hut.<ref>"[http://forum.barrowdowns.com/showthread.php?t=5895 Athelas]", dated 21 January 2001, at [http://forum.barrowdowns.com/index.php? Forum.BarrowDowns.com] (accessed 13 November 2011)</ref>

''Athelas'' is also mentioned in the game [[wikipedia:Quest for Glory I|Quest for Glory]].

The [[fonts|font]] ''Athelas'',<ref>"[https://www.type-together.com/athelas-font Official page]" of ''Athelas'' font, on [https://www.type-together.com TypeTogether.com] (accessed April 11, 2024)</ref> named for the plant, was released in 2008 by independent type foundry TypeTogether. The font was designed by TypeTogether's founders, Veronika Burian and Jose Scaglione.

{{references}}
[[Category:Plants]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]
[[de:Athelas]]
[[fr:encyclo/biologie/flore/athelas]]
[[fi:Athelas]]

Herb-master

2025-12-16T05:14:37Z

Grace18: Created page with "{{infobox character | people=Gondorian | name=Herb-master | image= | caption= | pronun= | othernames= | titles= | position= | location=Minas Tirith (Houses of Healing) | affiliation= | language=Westron | birth=Late Third Age | birthlocation= | rule= | death= | deathlocation= | age= | notablefor= | house= | parentage= | siblings= | spouse= | children= | gender=Male | height= | hair= | eyes= | clothing= | weapons= | steed= }} <center>{{quote|..."

{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Herb-master
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Minas Tirith]] ([[Houses of Healing]])
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|If your pack has not been found, then you must send for the herb-master of this House. And he will tell you that he did not know that the herb you desire had any virtues, but that it is called ''westmansweed'' by the vulgar, and ''galenas'' by the noble ... and after adding a few half-forgotten rhymes that he does not understand, he will regretfully inform you that there is none in the House, and he will leave you to reflect on the history of tongues.|[[Aragorn]] to [[Merry]] in ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Houses of Healing]]"}}</center>

The '''herb-master''' was a title given to an unnamed character who served in the [[Houses of Healing]] in [[Minas Tirith]]. He was well-versed in herb-lore, particularly the many names given to different plants, as well as their uses. He disapproved of the [[When the black breath blows|old rhymes]] still repeated by the older women such as [[Ioreth]], referring to such verses as garbled and doggerel. When [[Aragorn]] sent Ioreth to acquire ''[[athelas]]'' for use in healing those suffering from the [[Black Shadow]], she apparently notified the herb-master, who arrived and proceeded to irritate both Aragorn and [[Gandalf]] by listing off various names of the plant they sought, before eventually declaring that there was none kept in the Houses of Healing, on account of its not having any virtues known to the [[Gondorians]], save for its mention in the [[When the black breath blows|black breath verse]], which he thought likely to be meaningless. Gandalf, in his irritation, sent him to find "some old man of less lore and more wisdom" who still kept ''athelas''. Aragorn, also annoyed, later made a joking remark about the herb-master's unhelpful tendencies to [[Merry]], who had misplaced the pack containing his [[pipeweed]].<ref name="RK">{{RK|V8}}, pp. 863-870</ref>

The character of the herb-master appears much the same in the earlier drafts of [[The Houses of Healing]], aside from the fact that some of the herb-names which he mentions were later altered by [[Tolkien]] (e.g., ''asea aranaite'' to ''[[asëa aranion]]'').<ref name="chapter">{{WR|3|XI}}, pp. 394, 396</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Herb-master}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Mannish titles]]
[[Category:Positions and occupations]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

File:Anke Eißmann - Athelas.jpg

2025-12-16T05:01:18Z

Grace18: added category for athelas

==Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Anke Eißmann]]|[http://anke.edoras-art.de/anke_home.html Anke Eißmann's website]|Anke Eißmann}}

[[Category:Images by Anke Eißmann]]
[[Category:Images of Aragorn]]
[[Category:Images of Athelas]]
[[Category:Images of Bergil]]
[[Category:Images of Faramir]]
[[Category:Images of the Houses of Healing]]

Morwen (daughter of Belecthor)

2025-12-13T07:30:46Z

Grace18: Added info, Ovotl

{{disambig-more|Morwen|[[Morwen (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Morwen
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| parentage=[[Belecthor I]]
| siblings=[[Orodreth (Steward of Gondor)|Orodreth]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Morwen''' was the daughter of [[Belecthor I]]. She appears in [[Tolkien]]'s manuscripts for ''[[The Heirs of Elendil]]'' (a document used in constructing the timeline of the Realms in Exile for the [[Appendices]]). When Morwen's nephew, the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward]] [[Ecthelion I]], died childless, her grandson [[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Egalmoth]] became the 18th Ruling Steward.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 205</ref> Morwen does not appear in the published [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] to the [[Lord of the Rings]].

Morwen may have been named after the [[Morwen]] of the [[First Age]], who was the daughter of [[Baragund]] of the [[House of Bëor]].

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | HAL | | |HAL=[[Húrin II]] ''{{TA|2515|n}} - {{TA|2628|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | BEL | | |BEL=[[Belecthor I]] ''{{TA|2545|n}} - {{TA|2655|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | ORO | | MOR |ORO=[[Orodreth (Steward of Gondor)|Orodreth]] ''{{TA|2576|n}} - {{TA|2685|n}}''|MOR='''MORWEN''' ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ECT | | UNK |ECT=[[Ecthelion I]] ''{{TA|2600|n}} - {{TA|2698|n}}''|UNK=''Unknown'' ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | EGA |EGA=[[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Egalmoth]] ''{{TA|2626|n}} - {{TA|2743|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Etymology==
''Morwen'' means "Dark Maiden" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[mor]]'', "dark" and the female suffix ''[[-wen]]'', "maiden").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''[[môr|mor]]'', ''[[wen]]''</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
There are several drafts of the ''Heirs of Elendil'' manuscripts, identified sequentially with the letters A through D by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. In a note in Manuscript A (the earliest manuscript), Morwen is the ''sister'' of Belecthor I and grandmother of Egalmoth, creating a genealogy which has a generation too many. This error likely came as a result of how quickly Tolkien drafted the dates and genealogies in this early manuscript. In Manuscript B, Morwen's role is revised, and she becomes the sister of [[Orodreth (Steward of Gondor)|Orodreth]], continuing to appear as such in the later manuscripts.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 205, 219-220</ref>

{{References}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Húrin]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Talk:The Heirs of Elendil

2025-12-13T05:32:14Z

Grace18: /* Heirs of Elendil document */ new section

== Heirs of Elendil document ==

In this chapter (titled The Heirs of Elendil) Christopher Tolkien discusses a document also entitled The Heirs of Elendil, stating: "For the history and chronology of the Realms in Exile the primary document is a substantial work entitled Teh Heirs of Elendil. The textual history of this is not easy to fathom. It is divided into two parts..." He goes on to discuss the manuscripts, edits, and such for the document. Would it be appropriate to make a separate page for the document J.R.R. Tolkien made, or better to just expand on that here under the chapter where it is discussed? -- [[User:Grace18|Grace18]] ([[User talk:Grace18|talk]]) 05:32, 13 December 2025 (UTC)

The Lord of the Rings Online: Fate of Gundabad

2025-12-13T05:18:25Z

Grace18: typo

{{stub}}
{{video game infobox
| image = LOTRO - Fate of Gundabad logo.png
| name = ''The Lord of the Rings Online: Fate of Gundabad''
| developer= [[Standing Stone Games]]
| publisher = [[Daybreak Game Company]]
| platform = Microsoft Windows
| releasedate = [[10 November]] [[2021]]
| genre=MMORPG
| modes=
| rating=
| distribution=
}}

'''''The Lord of the Rings Online: Fate of Gundabad''''' is the ninth expansion for ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''.
Features of '''Update 31''':
* The expansion adds the new "Gundabad" region, which consists of seven distinct areas; five of which are located under the mountain itself and two others are outside, to the north of it.
* "The Legacy of Durin and the Trials of the Dwarves" storyline is conluded with seven new chapters taking place inside Gundabad.
* The new instance cluster includes two three-man instances and one six-man instance.
* A new level cap of 140 is introduced, and new Missions are added within Gundabad.

==Updates==
===Update 32: Rangers and Ruins===
''Rangers and Ruins'' was released on [[16 February]], [[2022]].

* A new raid, "The Hiddenhoard of Abnankâra", was released, featuring Prince Durin's final confrontation with Hrímil Frost-heart within the ancient treasury of the Greymaul Rebellion.
* A new premium housing area in the Abodes of [[Erebor]] was released, located within one of the last of [[Smaug|Smaug's]] treasure hoards.
* A new sub-region, the [[Angle|Angle of Mitheithel]] was released, filled with elven ruins, and the outposts of the [[Rangers of the North]].
* The new 'Legendary Item Rewards Track' was introduced to complement the new Legendary Item System. Players use their item XP to gain special rewards to help increase the power of their items.

===Update 33: The Yondershire===
''The Yondershire'' was released on [[20 April]], [[2022]].
* This update was released alongside the 15 year celebration of ''Lord of the Rings Online''. This event runs from the 20th of April up until 12 May.
* A new sub-region, "The Yondershire", was released, connecting the [[Ered Luin]] directly to the rest of Middle-earth for the first time. Hobbit villages such as [[Nobottle]], [[Tighfield]], [[Gamwich]], and [[Long Cleeve]] are also featured.
* All content including and prior to the Helm's Deep Expansion, including the Rune-keeper, Warden, and Beorning classes, as well as the High Elf race were made free and available to all players.
{{lotro}}
{{Videogames}}
{{title|italics}}

[[Category:The Lord of the Rings Online expansions|Fate of Gundabad]]
[[Category:Microsoft Windows games]]
[[Category:Daybreak Game Company games]]

Letter 276

2025-12-13T05:16:37Z

Grace18: typo

{{letter infobox
| #=276
| to=[[Dick Plotz]], "Thain" of the Tolkien Society of America
| date=[[12 September]] [[1965]]
| subject=The "Tolkien Society", work on ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Shire places, [[Númenor]], [[Charles Williams]]
}}{{letter|276}}
==Summary==
After heading his letter with "To the T.S.A. First Communiqué from the Member for [[Longbottom]]", Tolkien explained that he had been in Ireland and had just unburied [[Dick Plotz|Plotz]]'s letter from a mountain of mail. While complimented by the formation of the "[[Tolkien Society of America|Tolkien Society]]" he did not see how he could be a member of a society devoted to his own works. He offered to help in an informal capacity, and said he could provide information not in print with the proviso that the plea: ''Engaged on the matter of the [[Eldar]] and of [[Númenor]]'': would be accepted without offense as an adequate excuse for inadequate answers.

''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was written but in a confused state, having been altered and enlarged, needing linkage with ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', and lacking a thread for stringing together its diversity. He considered publishing it in parts and hoped to release the first part in the next year. There was also many matters not strictly part of the main story: cosmogony, the [[Valar]], [[Númenor]], War in Middle-earth (the fall of [[Eregion]], death of [[Celebrimbor]], and the history of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]). The ''[[Akallabêth]]'' was written while the rest of its history would be just annals, except for ''[[Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife|The Mariner’s Wife]]''.

While Tolkien understood the amusement of using special names from the story for society members, but he thought it a mistake to give names of characters or offices from the story. Personally he would have preferred "[[The Shire]] Society". He suggested as more appropriate and amusing to give members the title "Member for Some-place-in-the-Shire" or [[Bree]]. While there were only 30 suitable place names in the small section of the Shire printed<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref> there were many more available on his map. He had devised them according to the style, origins, and mode of English (especially Midland) place-names, and he would be delighted to construct new names on the same principles and to find places for them on maps of Bree and the Shire.

[[C.S. Lewis]] was one of only three people who had read much of Tolkien's "mythology" of the [[First Age|First]] and [[Second Age]]s.<ref group="note">Actually four in total, including [[Christopher Tolkien]], [[Rayner Unwin]], and [[Wikipedia:John Giffard, 3rd Earl of Halsbury|Lord Halsbury]].</ref> Lewis liked being read to but all he knew of Tolkien's "matter" was what he retained in his memory. Lewis's spelling ''numinor'' was a hearing error. Tolkien said the [[Eldarin]] base of NDU "below, down; descend" became [[Quenya]] ''núme'' "going down, occident"; ''[[númen]]'' "towards sunset" + ''[[Nórë|nóre]]'' "inhabited land", with a translation of ''[[Westernesse]]''. Númenor was Tolkien's own alteration of the Atlantis myth and of all mythical or "archetypal" images the one most deeply seated in his memory. For many years he had had a recurrent [[Atlantis-haunting|Atlantis dream]] of a stupendous and ineluctable wave advancing from the Sea.

Echoes of Lewis's vague memories of "''The Silmarillion'' and all that" had surfaced in his works. Tolkien pointed to ''Eldil'' as related to ''[[Eldar]]'' in ''[[Out of the Silent Planet]]'', ''Tor and Tinidril'' related to ''[[Tuor]] and [[Idril]]'' in ''[[Wikipedia:Perelandra|Perelandra]]''. However, Lewis's mythology was quite different from Tolkien's. It had been broken to bits then made coherent by contact with [[Charles Williams|C.S. Williams']] "Arthurian" stuff. It was a pity in Tolkien's mind since he was wholly unsympathetic to Williams' mind.

Tolkien only knew [[Charles Williams]] as a friend of Lewis. They liked each other and enjoyed talking but had no common ground on deeper or higher levels. Tolkien found his work alien, sometimes very distasteful, and occasionally ridiculous (an exhibition of his own sympathetic limits, said Tolkien). Tolkien remained entirely unmoved by Williams while Lewis was bowled over, being a very impressionable man. Tolkien did not owe Lewis for "influence" but for sheer encouragement; he was the only one that gave him the idea that his "stuff" could be more than a private hobby. But for him Tolkien would not have finished ''The Lord of the Rings''.

;In the expanded edition
In two paragraphs near the start Tolkien talks about the [[Ace Books]] situation, showing how they are covering and embellishing their act of theft.

In the next two paragraphs he talks about the revisions of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''. For the ''LR'', [[Ballantine Books]] has made an attempt to fix all minor errors, and Tolkien has added an [[The Lord of the Rings Index|index]] to it. ''The Hobbit'' by Ballantine remains unchanged, though Tolkien doesn't approve the cover design. A minimal revision is being carried out for a new paperback edition by Messrs Longmans.

==Note==
<references group="note"/>{{letters}}
[[de:Brief 276]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Letters to Dick Plotz]]

Letter 59

2025-12-13T05:11:01Z

Grace18: Tidied

{{letter infobox
| #=59
| to=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
| date=[[5 April]] [[1944]]
| subject=Progress report on ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''
}}{{letter|59}}
==Summary==
Tolkien reported seriously trying to finish his book, staying up late, re-reading and doing research. It was a "painful sticky business" getting into the habit again. He had returned to writing the adventures of [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], and had reached the point of their meeting [[Gollum]] on a precipice. Tolkien complimented his [[Christopher Tolkien|son]] on all the work he put into typing and writing out the chapters, and wished he still had his services.
{{letters}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Letter 059}}
[[Category:Letters to Christopher Tolkien]]
[[de:Brief 59]]

Spiros Gelekas

2025-12-11T20:36:25Z

Grace18: Cleaned up so it wasn't just a copy paste from his bio

{{artist infobox
| image=Spiros_Gelekas.png
| name=Spiros Gelekas
| born=July 4, [[1979]]
| died=
| style=
| images=[[:Category:Images by Spiros Gelekas|Images by Spiros Gelekas]]
| location=[[Wikipedia:Greece|Greece]]
| website=https://www.spirosgelekas.com/
}}
'''Spiros Gelekas''' (born [[1979]]) is a professional painter-artist specializing in fantasy, modern and abstract art. Born and raised in Corfu, Greece, he continues to live there today.

==History==
Spiros began his career as an interior designer and took early painting classes under renowned Corfiot artist Spiros Alamanos in 1987. After nearly 15 years as a professional interior designer for commercial establishments and private homes, he transitioned exclusively to art. His exhibitions in Greece and abroad gained him instant recognition. He creates individual surrealistic paintings.

Gelekas has been creating art since his childhood, and began painting in 1998. He has been influenced by fantasy literature such as ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', as well as by fantasy and science fiction movies (such as the Lord of the Rings and Star Wars) and by rock music. The writers whose work he states has had a significant influence on his style of thinking and expression include Edgar Allan Poe, Tom Robbins, Carlos Castaneda, Umberto Eco, and, the most influential, [[John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]].<ref>https://www.spirosgelekas.com/about-spiros</ref>

==Published Artwork==
===Cover art===
*[[2021]]:'' [[Echoes of Ancient Greek Literature in J.R.R. Tolkien's Work]]''

===Featured===
*[[2023]]:'' [[Tolkien Calendar 2023]]''

===Online Exhibition===
*[https://www.spirosgelekas.com/middle-earth Spiros Gelekas Tales from Middle-earth]
==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Spiros Gelekas|Images by Spiros Gelekas]]

==External links==
*'''[https://www.spirosgelekas.com/ Official website]'''

{{references}}
{{IllustratorsCalendars}}
[[Category:Artists]]
[[Category:Greek people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

User:Grace18

2025-12-11T19:57:52Z

Grace18:

{{user infobox
| name=Grace
| position=Proof-reader and sporadic editor
| language=English
| userboxes= {{User Elves}} {{User good}} {{User recentchanges}} {{User lore-3}} {{User en-N}} {{User randompage}} {{User ref}} {{user years|5}}
}}

==About Me==
I am a college student and a fan of Tolkien's works. While I am eager to expand my knowledge of Tolkien's writings, I by no means consider myself a scholar, and gear my revisions of this wiki towards correcting typos and grammar. I occasionally make more major changes, and although I do my very best to be careful, I am not perfect. If I do something wrong, please let me know on my [[User talk:Grace18|talk page]].

For any new users with questions about how the wiki works, I'll be happy to help to the best of my ability (if I am currently active on the wiki--my free time has been limited as of late).

==My Library==

'''By the Tolkiens:'''
*''[[The Hobbit]]''
*''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
*''[[The Two Towers]]''
*''[[The Return of the King]]''
*''[[The Silmarillion]]''
*''[[Beren and Lúthien]]''
*''[[The Children of Húrin]]''
*''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]''
*''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series
*''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]''
*''[[Tree and Leaf]]''

'''Others:'''
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]
*''[[The Art of The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]

User:Grace18

2025-12-11T19:54:35Z

Grace18: /* About Me */

{{user infobox
| name=Grace
| position=Proof-reader and sporadic editor
| language=English
| userboxes= {{User Elves}} {{User good}} {{User recentchanges}} {{User lore-3}} {{User en-N}} {{User randompage}} {{User ref}} {{User 2y}}
}}

==About Me==
I am a college student and a fan of Tolkien's works. While I am eager to expand my knowledge of Tolkien's writings, I by no means consider myself a scholar, and gear my revisions of this wiki towards correcting typos and grammar. I occasionally make more major changes, and although I do my very best to be careful, I am not perfect. If I do something wrong, please let me know on my [[User talk:Grace18|talk page]].

For any new users with questions about how the wiki works, I'll be happy to help to the best of my ability (if I am currently active on the wiki--my free time has been limited as of late).

==My Library==

'''By the Tolkiens:'''
*''[[The Hobbit]]''
*''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
*''[[The Two Towers]]''
*''[[The Return of the King]]''
*''[[The Silmarillion]]''
*''[[Beren and Lúthien]]''
*''[[The Children of Húrin]]''
*''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]''
*''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series
*''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]''
*''[[Tree and Leaf]]''

'''Others:'''
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]
*''[[The Art of The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]

Reckoning of Years

2025-12-11T19:50:28Z

Grace18: Small tidying, added {{sources}} template

{{sources|Date=December 2025}}
The '''''Reckoning of Years''''' was a book written by [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry Brandybuck]] sometime after the [[War of the Ring]]. In this work Merry discussed the relation of the [[Shire Calendar|calendars]] of [[the Shire]] and [[Bree Calendar|of]] [[Bree]] to those of [[Reckoning of Rivendell|Rivendell]], [[New Reckoning|Gondor]], and [[Rohan]].

This book was one of the important tomes kept in the library of [[Bucklebury]], perhaps one of those important works that were not copied into the [[Red Book]].<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
"Reckoning of Years" is a rendering into English of ''[[Wikipedia:The Reckoning of Time|De temporum ratione]]'', the title of an important treatise on astronomy and timekeeping by the seventh-century English monk Bede. This work is the sole source of the Anglo-Saxon names of the months of the year, which Tolkien adapted for the [[Shire Calendar]].

Tolkien likely intended this work to be taken as the source for the information in "[[Appendix D]]" of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', although the [[Prologue Concerning Hobbits, and other matters|Prologue]] suggests that it was not included in the Red Book.

{{References}}

[[Category:Books and documents within the legendarium]]
[[de:Jahreszählung]]
[[fi:Ajan laskeminen]]

Peter Pracownik

2025-12-11T04:09:06Z

Grace18: Typo

{{Artist infobox
| name=Peter Pracownik
| image=Peter Pracownik.png
| born=[[19 October]], 1951<ref name = "BookBio">The Enchanted World of Peter Pracownik - Biography</ref> [[Wikipedia:Southmead|Southmead]]<ref name = "BookBio">The Enchanted World of Peter Pracownik - Biography</ref>,[[wikipedia:Bristol|Bristol]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]<ref name = "Biography">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180426100700/http://www.peterpracownik.com/pages/biography.html Biography - Peter Pracownik]</ref>
| died=August 15,<ref name = "Memorial">[https://seattlein2025.org/memberships/in-memoriam/ Seattle Worldcon - In Memorial]</ref> 2024<ref name = "Death">[https://glastonbury.nub.news/news/local-news/glastonbury-mourns-the-loss-of-artist-peter-pracownik-whose-work-captured-the-towns-mystical-spirit-237785 Glastonbury mourns the loss of artist Peter Pracownik, whose work captured the town's mystical spirit]</ref>
| education=[[wikipedia:List_of_schools_in_Somerset#Primary and first schools|St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Primary School]] [[Wikipedia:Bridgwater and Taunton College|Taunton College of Art]]<ref name = "BookBio"></ref>
| style=New Age/Fantasy
| images=[[:Category:Images by Peter Pracownik|Gallery]]
| location=[[wikipedia:North_Cornwall|North Cornwall]]<ref name = "Biography"></ref>
| website=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180426100649/http://www.peterpracownik.com/index.html peterpracownik.com]
}}
'''Peter Pracownik''' ([[19 October]], [[1951]] - [[August 15]], [[2024]]) was a New Age / Fantasy artist and sculptor who was born in [[wikipedia:Bristol|Bristol]], [[wikipedia:England|England]] and lived most of his life in [[wikipedia:Glastonbury|Glastonbury]], before moving to [[wikipedia:North_Cornwall|North Cornwall]] later in life. He was an active artist for over 30 years since his professional debut in 1989, providing art for collectible cards, posters and music album covers.

In [[1997]], Pracownik created illustrations for the [[The Lord of the Rings Tarot|Lord of the Rings Tarot Deck & Card Game]] along with artist Terry Donaldson and Mike Fitzgerald. In [[2012]], Donaldson and Pracownik collaborated again on [[The Hobbit Tarot]]. He was commisioned to create a Lord Of The Rings poster for Wizard and Genius.

Pracownik had two children with his first wife, Julie:<ref name = "BookBio"></ref> Rebecca<ref name = "BookBio"></ref> and Oisin.<ref>The Enchanted World of Peter Pracownik - Dedication</ref> Peter and Julie separated in 1991.<ref name = "BookBio"></ref> He married artist Nicola-Claire Lydon in 2010<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/raggedyrags/5063995277 Bespoke bridal outfit made for Nicola and peter wedding]</ref> and they co-owned the Another Green World art gallery and store.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120915002447/http://www.peterpracownik.com/pages/about.htm About - Peter Pracownik and Another Green World]</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:Peter Pracownik & Nicola-Claire Lydon.jpg|Peter Pracownik & Nicola-Claire Lydon
File:Pracownik & Lydon.jpg|Nicola-Claire Lydon & Peter Pracownik
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Peter Pracownik|Images by Peter Pracownik]]
*[[:Category:Images by Peter Pracownik|Images of Peter Pracownik]]

==External links==

*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20211225022107/http://www.peterpracownik.com/ Official Website]"
*"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/cornwall/hi/people_and_places/newsid_9183000/9183706.stm Cornwall's Rock Artist Peter Pracownik]" via [[BBC]]

{{References}}
[[Category:Artists|Pracownik, Peter]]

The Houses of Healing

2025-12-10T16:11:02Z

Grace18: Typo

{{disambig-two|the chapter of ''[[The Return of the King]]''|building in [[Minas Tirith]]|[[Houses of Healing]]}}
{{chapter
| image=Anke Eißmann - Athelas.jpg
| title=The Houses of Healing
| book=The Return of the King
| number=8
| event=[[Aragorn]] heals the wounded of [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].
| date=[[16 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}
| location=[[Minas Tirith]]
| perspective=[[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin]]
| previous=The Pyre of Denethor
| next=The Last Debate
}}
'''The Houses of Healing''' is the eighth chapter of the first book in ''[[The Return of the King]]''.

==Summary==
[[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] was stricken with the [[Black Breath]] because of his battle with the [[Witch-king]]. He accompanied the procession carrying [[Théoden]] and [[Éowyn]] into the [[Minas Tirith|city]].<ref>{{RK|Battle}}</ref> As Merry ascended the city roads, he became separated from the group. He then encountered [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], who was startled and glad. Pippin noticed that Merry was stumbling badly. Merry's right arm was paralysed after he stabbed the [[Witch-king|Nazgûl]]. Pippin escorted Merry to the [[Houses of Healing]].

Merry was lain upon a bed near Éowyn and [[Faramir]], who was injured by an [[Southrons|Southron]] arrow. The three of them grew steadily sicker from the [[Black Breath]] as Gandalf stood nearby. [[Ioreth]] recalled a legend of Gondor, which said, "The hands of the king are the hands of a healer, and so shall the rightful king be known."

[[Aragorn]] furled his banner and ordered his men to prepare tents outside the city. He refused to claim his throne until the war with [[Mordor]] was decided, for good or ill. Aragorn planned to wait outside the gate until the [[Stewards of Gondor|Lord of Minas Tirith]] bade him to enter. At [[Gandalf]]'s request, Aragorn entered the city with [[Éomer]] and [[Imrahil]] in the guise of a Ranger. Aragorn, learning of Denethor’s fate, assigned Imrahil to act as the interim leader of [[Gondor]]. Aragorn, Éomer, and Imrahil secretly agreed, though, that Gandalf was their true leader for the remainder of the war against Mordor. Gandalf recalled what [[Ioreth]] had said, implying that only Aragorn could save those wounded by the Enemy.

[[Aragorn]], [[Éomer]], [[Imrahil]], and [[Gandalf]] entered the [[Houses of Healing]], where they met [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]. Aragorn looked at [[Faramir]], [[Éowyn]], and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], noting that Faramir was in most urgent need of help. Aragorn asked [[Ioreth]] and the [[herb-master]] of the Houses of Healing for ''[[athelas]]''. Neither of them understood the virtues of the herb. When [[Bergil]], entered with the ''athelas'', Aragorn crushed its leaves, and stirred them in a bowl of hot water. The sweet scent of the herb awoke Faramir from his fever. Faramir immediately affirmed Aragorn as his superior and king. Aragorn and Éomer discussed Éowyn. Aragorn then tended to Éowyn and Merry, who both returned to consciousness at the scent of the ''athelas''. All through the night, Aragorn healed the wounded of the city. Rumours flew throughout the city that the King of Gondor now walked again, bringing healing in his hands. As foretold at Aragorn's birth, the people called him [[Elfstone]],<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref> after the green gem that he wore around his neck, which [[Galadriel]] had given to him earlier.<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>{{references}}
[[Category:The Return of the King chapters|Houses of Healing]]

Sons of Fëanor

2025-12-10T16:03:37Z

Grace18: Typo

[[Image:Tuuliky - Sons of Feanor.jpg|thumb|''Sons of Feanor'' by Tuuliky]]
The '''Sons of Fëanor''' were the seven [[Noldor]]in [[Elves]] [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod and Amras]].<ref>{{S|5}}</ref> They took the [[Oath of Fëanor]] with their father,<ref name=Flight>{{S|9}}</ref> and pursued it after his death in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]].<ref name=Return>{{S|13}}</ref> They led a [[House of Fëanor|scarce part]] of the [[exiled Noldor]] and held lands in [[East Beleriand]], with Maedhros and Maglor holding the immediate passes south of [[Lothlann]], and the other brothers ruling lands behind their guard to the south. Their [[Sindarin]] names are the ones usually given.

==History==
After the [[Darkening of Valinor]], [[Fëanor]] and his sons swore the terrible Oath of Fëanor, vowing to retrieve the [[Silmarils]] from anyone that would withhold them. The Sons of Fëanor followed their father [[Flight of the Noldor|out of Valinor]] and into [[Middle-earth]] along with their following of [[Noldor]].<ref name=Flight /> They took part in the Dagor-nuin-Giliath, in which Fëanor was mortally wounded. Soon after, Maedhros was captured by [[Morgoth]]. Following his rescue by [[Fingon]], Maedhros waived his claim to kingship over the Noldor, and it passed to the [[House of Fingolfin]]. Thereafter the [[House of Fëanor]] was called the Dispossessed, as [[Mandos]] had [[Doom of Mandos|predicted]].<ref name=Return />

The Sons of Fëanor and their followers settled in [[East Beleriand]] defending the open region which was named the [[March of Maedhros]]. Maedhros made his fortress upon [[Himring]], Celegorm and Curufin held the [[Pass of Aglon]], Maglor defended the [[Maglor's Gap|land]] between the northern arms of [[Gelion]], Caranthir and his folk moved to [[Thargelion]] which was thenceforth also called Dor Caranthir and Amrod and Amras dwelt in the woods south of the March.<ref>{{S|14}}</ref> Fëanor's sons were in general allied with the other [[Elves of Beleriand]] against the power of Morgoth and helped [[Siege of Angband|besiege]] [[Angband]] until the [[Dagor Bragollach]].

After the recovery of one of the Great Jewels by [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] the Oath of their father came into action. Maedhros saw that Morgoth was indeed assailable, and set out to unite the peoples of Beleriand under the [[Union of Maedhros]]. Little aid came from [[Doriath]] and [[Nargothrond]] because of the earlier deeds of the Sons of Fëanor The Union was ended in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], leaving the Sons of Fëanor scattered and defeated.<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

The Oath of Fëanor was roused once more when the Fëanorians learned that the Silmaril of Beren and Lúthien was now in the possession of their son [[Dior]]. They [[Second Kinslaying|attacked]] Dior in Doriath, and Celegorm, Curufin, and Caranthir were slain in the conflict, but they gained not the Silmaril, for Elwing escaped with it and fled to the [[Mouths of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|22}}</ref> After a time, tidings of Elwing's dwelling reached Maedhros, and, tormented by their Oath, he and his remaining brothers sent messages to the Havens requesting the Silmaril. But Elwing refused to surrender the Jewel, and the Sons of Fëanor [[Third Kinslaying|attacked]] her and the Elves of Sirion. Maedhros and Maglor had the victory, but both Amrod and Amras were slain. Elwing flung herself into the [[Great Sea|Sea]] with the Silmaril and brought it to [[Eärendil]], who bore it into the West. The sons of Eärendil and Elwing, [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]], were captured by the two brothers but Maglor grew to love them and fostered them.<ref name=Earendil>{{S|24}}</ref>

At the time of the [[War of Wrath]], only Maedhros and Maglor remained. They stole the last two Silmarils from the camp of [[Eönwë]], but their evil deeds in recovering them meant that the hallowed Jewels rejected their claimants, and their hands were burned. Maedhros in anguish threw himself into a fiery fissure, and Maglor in despair cast his Jewel into the [[Great Sea]].<ref name=Earendil />

==The Sons==
[[File:Lída Holubová - Feanor and his family.jpg|thumb|''Feanor and his family'' by [[:Category:Images by Lída Holubová|Lída Holubová]]]]
#'''[[Maedhros]] the Tall''' - his [[father-name]] was ''Nelyafinwë'' ("Finwë the Third") and his [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''Maitimo'' ("Well-shaped One"). He gave up the High Kingship because of his rescue by [[Fingon]] son of [[Fingolfin]].
#'''[[Maglor]] the Minstrel''' - his father-name was ''Kanafinwë'' ("Strong-voiced Finwë") and his mother-name was ''Makalaurë'' ("Forging Gold" meant in the poetic sense).
#'''[[Celegorm]] the Fair''' - his father-name was ''Turcafinwë'' ("Strong Bodied Finwë") and his mother-name was ''Tyelcormo'' ("Hasty-Riser").
#'''[[Caranthir]] the Dark''' - his father-name was ''Morifinwë'' ("Dark[-haired] Finwë") because of his dark hair, and his mother name was ''Carnistir'' ("Red-faced") because of his ruddy complexion.
#'''[[Curufin]] the Crafty''' - his father-name was ''Curufinwë'' ("Skillful Finwë"), the same name as Fëanor. His mother-name was ''Atarinkë'' ("Little Father"). He was the father of [[Celebrimbor]], maker of the [[Rings of Power]].
#'''[[Amrod]]''' - his father-name was ''Pityafinwë'' ("Little Finwë") and his mother name was ''Ambarussa'' ("Top-russet").
#'''[[Amras]]''' - his father-name was ''Telufinwë'' ("Last Finwë") and though his mother-name was originally ''Ambarussa'', his father insisted on naming him separately. His mother gave him the name ''Umbarto'' ("The Fated"), but Fëanor changed it to ''Ambarto'' ("Upwards-exalted"), disturbed by the ominous name.

==Birth and presentation order==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Source
!Order
!Specified?
|-
|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', pp. 97, 131
|Maedhros, Maglor, Celegorm, Caranthir, Curufin, Amrod, Amras
|Amrod and Amras youngest and twins
|-
|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Index of Names
|Maedhros, Maglor, Celegorm, Caranthir, Curufin, Amrod, Amras
|Specific birth order specified as listed
|-
|''[[The Book of Lost Tales: Part Two]]'', p. 317
|Maidros, Maglor, Dinithel, Damrod, Celegorm, Cranthor, Curufin
|No
|-
|''[[Lays of Beleriand]]'', p. 124
|Curufin, Celegorm, Damrod, Díriel, Cranthir, Maglor, Maidros
|Maidros as the eldest
|-
|''[[Lays of Beleriand]]'', p. 191
|Curufin, Celegorm, Damrod, Díriel, Cranthir, Maidros, Maglor
|No
|-
|''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'', p. 13
|Maidros, Maglor, Curufin, Celegorm, Cranthir, Damrod, Díriel
|No
|-
|''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'', p. 17
|Maidros, Maglor, Celegorm, Curufin, Damrod, Díriel, Cranthir
|Maidros as the eldest
|-
|''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'', p. 54
|Maidros, Maglor, Celegorm, Curufin, Cranthir, Damrod, Díriel
|Damrod and Díriel as last
|-
|''[[The Lost Road]]'', p. 102
|Maidros, Maglor, Celegorm, Curufin, Cranthir, Damrod, Díriel
|No
|-
|''[[The Lost Road]]'', p. 177
|Maidros, Maglor, Celegorn, Cranthir, Curufin, Damrod, Díriel,
|Damrod and Díriel are twins and the youngest
|-
|''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', p. 159
|Maidros, Maglor, Celegorn, Curufin, Cranthir, Damrod, Díriel
|No
|-
|''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', p. 244
|Maidros, Maglor, Celegorn, Cranthir, Curufin, Damrod, Díriel
|Damrod and Díriel are the youngest
|-
|''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', p. 435
|Maedros, Maglor, Celegorm, Curufin, Caranthir, Amrod, Amras
|Curufin specified as being the fourth son (p. 442)
Amrod and Amras as youngest and twins
|}

==See also ==
*[[:Category:Images of the Sons of Fëanor|Images of the Sons of Fëanor]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Sons of Fëanor]]
[[de:Söhne Feanors]]
[[fi:Fëanorin pojat]]

Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose

2025-12-10T15:56:21Z

Grace18: Typo

{{book
|title=Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose
| image = Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose 1st Edition 1921 HB.JPG
|author=[[Kenneth Sisam]] (editor)
|isbn=
|publisher=Clarendon Press, Oxford
|date=[[1921]]
|format=hardcover
|pages=281
}}
'''''Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose''''' is a selection of Middle English poetry by [[Kenneth Sisam]], published in [[1921]]. It is notable for its companion volume, ''[[A Middle English Vocabulary]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

==History==
===First edition 1921===
''A Middle English Vocabulary'' was not published until 1922, but after publication some copies were bound with 1st impressions of Sisam’s book. They were intended to be published together, but Tolkien’s contribution was delayed. ''Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose'' was also issued separately without Tolkien's glossary.

There is a possibility of a 1933 impression of this book with a grey coloured dustwrapper rather than the later tan coloured one.

The book was reprinted in [[1923]], [[1924]], [[1927]], and [[1933]]. Copies dated [[1925]] and [[1928]] have also been reported.

The copies in a dark red binding include Tolkien’s glossary, whereas copies in a blue coloured binding do not.

The corrigenda printed on the last page of 1922 copies of ''A Middle English Vocabulary'' were incorporated into the text of the 1923 impression of ''Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose''.

===First edition, 6th impression, 1937===
The 6th impression corrected previously issued impressions.

''Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose'' was also issued separately without Tolkien's glossary.

Reprinted in [[1944]], [[1946]], [[1948]] and [[1950]].

Copies in a dark red binding include Tolkien’s glossary, whereas copies in a blue coloured binding do not. The only exception to this is the 10th impression of 1950, where both were issued in the blue binding. Copies without the glossary were issued in a grey coloured dustwrapper of similar design.

==References==

*[[Douglas A. Anderson]], [[Wayne G. Hammond]] (eds.), ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography]]'', "Books by J. R. R. Tolkien", pages 1–3
*Margaret L. Lee, "Middle English", published in ''[[The Year's Work in English Studies]]'', vol II (1922), pages 41–53, esp. 42-3


{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Books with contribution by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Reference books]]
[[de:Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose]]

Cracks of Doom

2025-08-11T21:02:02Z

Grace18: added info

{{Location infobox
|name=Cracks of Doom
| image=Tim Kirk - The Cracks of Doom.jpg
|caption=''The Cracks of Doom'' by [[Tim Kirk]]
|othernames=Crack of Doom
|location=[[Mount Doom]]
|created=
|events=[[The One Ring#Origin and creation|Creation of the One Ring]], [[The One Ring#Frodo's quest and destruction|Destruction of the One Ring]]
|gallery=the Cracks of Doom
}}
{{Quote|There is only one way: to find the Cracks of Doom in the depths of [[Orodruin]], the Fire-mountain, and cast the [[The One Ring|Ring]] in there, if you really wish to destroy it, to put it beyond the grasp of [[Sauron|the Enemy]] forever.|[[Gandalf]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Shadow of the Past]]"}}
The '''Cracks of Doom''' or '''Crack of Doom''' were a great fissure, a deep chasm filled with fire,<ref name="Doom">{{RK|Doom}}, pp. 945-7</ref> in which [[the One Ring]] was forged by [[Sauron]] and was destroyed when [[Gollum]] fell with the One Ring into it.

==Geography==
The Cracks of Doom were located in the '''''Sammath Naur''''', the Chambers of Fire, a long cave with a high roof high up on the cone of [[Mount Doom]]<ref name="Doom" /> on the plain of [[Gorgoroth]] in the land of [[Mordor]].<ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref>

From a dark door in the eastern side of Mount Doom, the door of the ''Sammath Naur'', a long cave led inside until the great fissure of the Cracks of Doom cut across the floor and walls of the cave a short way from the door.<ref name="Doom" /> A [[Sauron's Road|road]] led from the west gate of [[Barad-dûr]], the Dark Tower of Sauron to the door of the ''Sammath Naur''.<ref>{{RK|Doom}}, p. 942</ref>

==History==
Sauron forged the One Ring in the Cracks of Doom in c. {{SA|1600|}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year ''c. '' 1600, p. 1083</ref> and put so much of his own force into the Ring that the only way it could be destroyed would be to throw it back into the Cracks of Doom.<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}, p. 61</ref> Such an opportunity came in {{SA|3441}}<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 3441, p. 1084</ref> after the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] but [[Isildur]] kept the Ring for himself, against the council of [[Elrond]] and [[Cirdan]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p. 243</ref>

It was decided in the [[Council of Elrond]] that the One Ring must be brought to the Cracks of Doom to be destroyed.<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p. 267-71</ref> [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] reached the Cracks of Doom on [[25 March]], {{TA|3019}}.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 25, p. 1095</ref> It was there that Frodo decided to keep the Ring and put it on his finger and where Gollum bit off the finger with the Ring and fell with it into the fiery chasm destroying the Ring.<ref name="Doom" />

==Other names==
*''Sammath Naur'' is a [[Sindarin]] name that translates to "Chambers of Fire". ''Sammath'' is the [[Sindarin#Class Plural|collective plural]] of the word ''sam'' believed to mean "room, chamber",<ref>[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hisweloke Sindarin dictionary]</ref> cf. [[Quenya]] ''sambë''. Note that in the earlier ''[[Etymologies]]'' the [[Noldorin]] reflex of ''sambë'' was given as ''tham''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry STAB</ref> The latter word (''[[naur]]'') means "fire".<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry S '''naur''', p. 38 and entry S ''Sammath Naur'', p. 101</ref>

==Inspiration==
The name ''Cracks of Doom'' also sometimes just ''Crack of Doom'' is a wordplay on "cracke of Doome" (''Macbeth''; IV i 117) meaning the crack/peal of thunder or the sudden sound of the last trumpet that announces the Last Day. Here, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] uses "crack" to mean "fissure". Tolkien stated that he suspected he derived the idea for this sense of the phrase from a book by Algernon Blackwood, which he had read many years prior.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, entry '''Crack of Doom''', pp. 767-8</ref>

Although Tolkien could no longer recall the name or specifics of the story, it has been suggested that the book in question is Blackwood's ''The Education of Uncle Paul,'' in which two children take the titular character to see "a tiny little crack between Yesterday and To-morrow", and slip through it.<ref>[[Holly Ordway|Ordway, Holly]]. ''[[Tolkien's Modern Reading|Tolkien's Modern Reading: Middle-earth Beyond the Middle Ages]]'' (2021), pp. 234–236</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]'''''
:Elrond is seen leading Isildur to the Cracks of Doom and urging him to throw it into the fire. In the films it appears as a doorway with a long bridge that ends with a narrow cliff, with lava below. Gollum and Frodo fight at the Cracks of Doom before both falling (Frodo was rescued by Sam) while in the book Gollum falls by himself.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Sammath Naur.jpg|thumb|right|Sammath Naur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2017: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:A flashback depicting the creation of The One Ring shows a great ring-forge of Sauron inside Sammath Naur. The location is not accessible to the player and is visited only once again, during a Session Play depicting the destruction of the Ring, in which the player controls [[Gollum]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Buildings]]
[[Category:Mordor]]
[[de:Sammath Naur]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/divers/sammath naur]]
[[fi:Sammath Naur]]

Old Forest

2025-04-11T02:39:17Z

Grace18: Added image, tweaked grammar

{{location infobox
| name=Old Forest
| image=Kevin Ward - Old Forest.jpg
| caption="Old Forest" by Kevin Ward
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=East of [[the Shire]]
| type=Forest
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Tom Bombadil]], [[Goldberry]], [[Old Man Willow]], [[Trees]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
| gallery=the Old Forest
}}
The '''Old Forest''' was a small forested area to the east of [[the Shire]].

==Description==
The Old Forest was bordered in the east by the [[Barrow-downs]], and in the west by [[Baranduin|Brandywine]].<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref> At the south-eastern edge of the forest, on the bank of the river [[Withywindle]], stood the [[Underhill (house)|house of Tom Bombadil]].<ref name="FRforest" />

The Withywindle, which lay roughly in the centre of the Old Forest, was the root of the queerness, malice, and the general animosity that the trees projected. [[Old Man Willow]] lived within the valley and seemed to have some measure of control over the forest, inspiring much of the anger that permeated the limbs of the trees.<ref name="FRforest" />

The [[Hobbits]] believed the trees of the Old Forest were in some manner 'awake', and hostile. They swayed when there was no wind, whispered at night, and misled travellers deeper into the forest. The trees did indeed carry malice and a hatred, but this hatred was not connected to the evil stemming from the East and Mordor. The forest had been angered by the years of tree-felling and destruction that they had witnessed, and the trees would lash out at travellers, whether they meant good or ill.<ref name="FRforest" />

Hobbits who passed through felt a sense of being watched by the forest itself. The paths in the forest, which seemed at first to be true, would angle downward into the valley of the [[Withywindle]].<ref name="FRforest" /> The hobbits mostly referred to the forest as queer, and dangerous rather than evil.<ref>{{FR|Conspiracy}}, p. 107</ref> Hobbits also blamed the Old Forest for the queerness of the [[Brandybucks]] due to its proximity to [[Buckland]]<ref>{{FR|Party}}, p. 22</ref>
==History==
[[File:Chechula Čupová-Hobbit at the Old Forest.jpg|thumb|left|''Hobbit at the Old Forest'' by [[:Category:Images by Chechula Čupová|Chechula Čupová]]|261x261px]]The Old Forest was one of the few remains of the vast primordial forests which covered most of [[Eriador]] before the [[Second Age]],<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref> being its northern edge. What became known as the Old Forest was what survived the deforestation by the [[Númenóreans]] and the [[Dark Years|wars]] against [[Sauron]].<ref>{{UT|4}}</ref> It was part of [[Arnor]] (and [[Cardolan]]) during the existence of the North-kingdom.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 148</ref>

When [[Angmar]] attacked Arnor in {{TA|1409}}, some [[Dúnedain of Arnor|Dúnedain of Cardolan]] fled into the Forest.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

In the later years, [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]] colonized the stripe of land between the [[Baranduin|Brandywine]] and the Old Forest; the Hobbits of Buckland cut the forest to make room for their new homes, and also built [[High Hay|the Hedge]], a large wall separating their country from the Forest. When the trees grew too close to the hedge, hobbits cut down the trees nearest and created a clearing by a [[Bonfire Glade|bonfire]]. After that, the trees were more hostile.<ref name="FRforest">{{FR|Forest}}</ref>

Just before the [[War of the Ring]], the Hobbits [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Peregrin Took]] crossed through it trying to escape from the [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]]. While passing through the forest, Old Man Willow cast a spell on the hobbits, causing them to feel sleepy. Merry and Pippin leaned against the trunk and fell asleep, and were subsequently trapped in cracks in the trunk, while Frodo sat on a root to dangle his feet in the water, before also falling asleep and being pushed in by Old Man Willow. Sam managed to fight off the spell and rescued Frodo from the stream. They attempted to save Merry and Pippin by lighting a fire at the tree's base, but this only angered Old Man Willow more. They were saved by the timely arrival of [[Tom Bombadil]] who knew "the tune for him".<ref name="FRforest" />
==Portrayal in adaptations==
===The Old Forest in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:War in Middle Earth - The Old Forest.png|Old Forest in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Old Forest.jpg|Old Forest in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Old Forest consists of two game levels: before and after the encounter with [[Old Man Willow]]. The paths in the forest are shifting and getting to the destination is not as easy as it seems.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Old Forest is represented in the game in its entirety: from the eastern borders of [[Buckland]] and the [[Bonfire Glade]] up until [[Tom Bombadil]]'s House and the entrance to the Barrow-Downs.

:Upon the game's release, there was no map and the paths were shifting, much like in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]. However, later a map was added and the paths fixed due to many players' complaints.

{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Forests]]

[[de:Alter Wald]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/forets/eriador/vieille foret]]
[[fi:Vanha Metsä]]

File:Jenny Dolfen - Cacth me if you can.jpg

2025-04-11T02:22:30Z

Grace18: Grace18 moved page File:Jenny Dolfen - Cacth me if you can.jpg to File:Jenny Dolfen - Catch me if you can.jpg: Misspelled title

#REDIRECT [[File:Jenny Dolfen - Catch me if you can.jpg]]

File:Jenny Dolfen - Catch me if you can.jpg

2025-04-11T02:22:30Z

Grace18: Grace18 moved page File:Jenny Dolfen - Cacth me if you can.jpg to File:Jenny Dolfen - Catch me if you can.jpg: Misspelled title

==Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|[[Jenny Dolfen]]|[http://www.goldseven.de Jenny Dolfen's website]|Jenny Dolfen}}

[[Category:Images by Jenny Dolfen]]
[[Category:Images of Éowyn]]
[[Category:Images of Faramir]]

File:Chechula Čupová-Hobbit at the Old Forest.jpg

2025-04-11T02:16:14Z

Grace18: =Licensing== {{Copyright-permission|Chechula Čupová|[https://www.patreon.com/chechula Patreon] · [https://www.instagram.com/chechulacupova Instagram]|Chechula Čupová}} Category:Images by Chechula Čupová Category:Images of Buckland Category:Images of the Old Forest

== Summary ==
=Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|Chechula Čupová|[https://www.patreon.com/chechula Patreon] · [https://www.instagram.com/chechulacupova Instagram]|Chechula Čupová}}

[[Category:Images by Chechula Čupová]]
[[Category:Images of Buckland]]
[[Category:Images of the Old Forest]]

Category:Images by Chechula Čupová

2025-04-10T03:31:03Z

Grace18: Created page with "This category lists all '''images by Chechula Čupová'''. {{DEFAULTSORT:Čupová, Chechula}} Category:Images by artist"

This category lists all '''images by Chechula Čupová'''.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Čupová, Chechula}}
[[Category:Images by artist]]

File:Chechula Čupová-Alqualonde.jpg

2025-04-10T03:28:02Z

Grace18: ==Licensing== {{Copyright-permission|Chechula Čupová|[https://www.patreon.com/chechula Patreon] · [https://www.instagram.com/chechulacupova Instagram]|Chechula Čupová}} Category:Images by Chechula Čupová Category:Images of Alqualondë

== Summary ==
==Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|Chechula Čupová|[https://www.patreon.com/chechula Patreon] · [https://www.instagram.com/chechulacupova Instagram]|Chechula Čupová}}

[[Category:Images by Chechula Čupová]]
[[Category:Images of Alqualondë]]

File:Chechula Čupová - Helm's Deep.jpeg

2025-04-10T03:12:46Z

Grace18: Added categories. (Sorry for the micro-edits, still figuring this all out)

==Summary==
Aragorn at the dawn, above the broken gate of the Helm's Deep, by Chechula Čupová.

==Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|Chechula Čupová|https://www.patreon.com/chechula/about?|Chechula Čupová}}

[[Category:Images by Chechula Čupová]]
[[Category:Images of Aragorn]]
[[Category:Images of the Battle of the Hornburg]]
[[Category:Images of Orcs]]

File:Chechula Čupová - Helm's Deep.jpeg

2025-04-10T03:05:14Z

Grace18: /* Licensing */

==Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|Chechula Čupová|https://www.patreon.com/chechula/about?|Chechula Čupová}}

File:Chechula Čupová - Helm's Deep.jpeg

2025-04-10T03:03:40Z

Grace18:

==Licensing==
{{Copyright-permission|Chechula Čupová|https://www.patreon.com/chechula/about?|https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Tolkien_Gateway:Copyrights/Chechula_Čupová}}

Tolkien Gateway:Copyrights/Chechula Čupová

2025-04-10T02:59:28Z

Grace18: Created page with "*Chechula Čupová has kindly granted her permission to her artwork on Tolkien Gateway. *Date: 9 April 2025 *User who sought the permission via private message: User:Grace18 {{DEFAULTSORT:Čupová, Chechula}} Category:Evidence of permission granted by copyright holders"

*Chechula Čupová has kindly granted her permission to her artwork on [[Tolkien Gateway]].
*Date: 9 April 2025
*User who sought the permission via private message: [[User:Grace18]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Čupová, Chechula}}
[[Category:Evidence of permission granted by copyright holders]]

File:Chechula Čupová - Helm's Deep.jpeg

2025-04-10T02:52:34Z

Grace18:

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-permission|INSERT NAME OF COPYRIGHT HOLDER|INSERT HOLDER'S WEBSITE|INSERT TG LINK}}

Stone-trolls

2025-04-09T01:12:59Z

Grace18: Updated internal link

[[File:Angelo Montanini - Stone Trolls.jpg|thumb|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Stone Trolls'']]
'''Stone-trolls''' were a race of [[trolls]] in the service of [[Sauron]]. Not much is known of these creatures, except that they inhabited the [[Westlands]] of [[Middle-earth]] and that they spoke a "debased form of the [[Westron|Common Speech]]".<ref>{{App|F1iv}}</ref> It is possible that they were not actually living beings, but mere counterfeits made by [[Melkor]], and they would return to their stone images once exposed to the light of the Sun.<ref>{{L|153}}</ref>

[[William, Tom, and Bert]] — the trolls encountered by [[Bilbo Baggins]] and his companions on their journey to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] — were likely of this kind, as they spoke [[Westron]].<ref>{{H|2}}</ref><ref name=RF>[[Robert Foster]] (1978), ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 366</ref>

In {{TA|3018}}, [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam Gamgee]] composed the humorous poem "[[The Stone Troll]]", about [[Tom (disambiguation)|Tom]] visiting an old troll gnawing on the bones of [[Tim]].<ref name=RF/><ref>{{FR|I12}}</ref><ref>{{AB|7}}</ref>
==Inspiration==
The three trolls attempt to trap and carry the Dwarves in bags. This is reminiscent to the scene in ''[[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]'' where Grendel carries his human prey in a glove.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/ed/study_a_s_2.html|articlename=Tolkien Society Anglo-Saxon Study Pack 2|dated=2006|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org The Tolkien Society]}}</ref>
{{References}}
[[Category:Trolls]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[de:Steintrolle]]
[[fi:Kivipeikot]]

Fëanor

2024-11-10T05:10:59Z

Grace18: Added OVOTL from BoLT

{{infobox character
| people=[[Noldor|Noldo]]
| name=Fëanor
| image=Soni Alcorn-Hender - Feanor.png
| caption="Fëanor" by [[Soni Alcorn-Hender]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈfɛ.anɔr])}}
| othernames=''[[Curufinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) ''Fëanáro'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=[[King of the Noldor]] Son of the Þerindë Lord of the lights
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]], [[Formenos]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Valarin]]<ref>{{VT|39a}}, pp. 7-8</ref>
| birth={{YT|1169}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{YT|1495}} – {{YT|1497|n}}
| death={{YT|1497}}
| deathlocation=Slopes of [[Ered Wethrin]]
| age=c. 3142<ref group="note">[[Years of the Sun]]. Each [[Years of the Trees|Year of the Trees]] is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the [[Year of the Trees 1500|year 1500]].</ref>
| notablefor=Created the [[Silmarils]] and ''[[Palantíri]]'' Invented the [[Tengwar]]
| house=[[House of Finwë]], founded the [[House of Fëanor]]
| parentage=[[Finwë]] & [[Míriel]]
| siblings=[[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]], and [[Finarfin]] (half-siblings)
| spouse=[[Nerdanel]]
| children=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]], and [[Amras]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|For Fëanor was made the mightiest in all parts of body and mind: in valour, in endurance, in beauty, in understanding, in skill, in strength and subtlety alike: of all the Children of Ilúvatar, and a bright flame was in him.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]"}}</center>

'''Fëanor''' was the eldest and most beloved son of [[Finwë]] and succeeded him to the [[King of the Noldor|Kingship of the Noldor]].

Being the greatest of the [[Noldor]], he had the greatest skill of word and hand, was a renowned craftsman, gem-smith, and warrior. His most famous deed was the creation of the [[Silmarils]], whose theft made him lead his people to the [[Exile of the Noldor|exile]]. As the leader of the rebellion, his passionate hatred of [[Morgoth]] and terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] led directly to the great triumphs and tragedies of the [[First Age]].

== History ==
=== Life in Tirion ===
Born in {{YT|1169}},<ref>{{MR|P2k}}, p. 101, note 1</ref> Fëanor was the eldest son of [[Finwë]], the first [[King of the Noldor]], and his first wife [[Míriel|Míriel Þerindë]]. He had an unusually long gestation period,<ref>{{NM|P1iv}}, p. 36</ref> and drew so much of Míriel's life energy that after he was born she grew weary of living, and departed to [[Lórien in Valinor|Lórien]], where she voluntarily left her corporeal form and died. Finwë remarried, and had two more sons, Fëanor's half-brothers [[Fingolfin]] and [[Finarfin]],<ref name="Feanor">{{S|Feanor}}</ref> and two daughters, [[Findis]] and [[Írimë]].<ref name="Shibboleth"/>
[[File:Ryszard Derdziński - Feanor.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Feanor, deviser of the Tengwar. Art by [[Ryszard Derdziński]]]]
Fëanor's skills began to blossom, and other than a skilled smith, he was a linguist and a [[Lambengolmor|Loremaster]].<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 396-8</ref> In {{YT|1250|n}}, he devised the lettering system of [[Tengwar]], improving the work of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]. He created the ''[[palantíri]]'',<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}, entry "Fëanor"</ref> and also wrought the [[Fëanorian lamps]] in this time.<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, note 2</ref> He then turned his mind to the study of gems.<ref name="AAsec4">{{MR|P2j}}</ref>

While still in his youth, Fëanor wedded [[Nerdanel]], daughter of [[Mahtan]], a great craftsman,<ref name="Feanor"/> who bore him [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]]: [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]], and [[Amras]].<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

In {{YT|1400|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> [[Melkor]], the mightiest of the [[Valar]] and source of evil, deceived the [[Valar]] into thinking that he had repented of his evil ways. Pardoned and residing in [[Valinor]], he undertook to corrupt the [[Noldor]] and succeeded in making them instruments of his malice, particularly Fëanor. But Fëanor greatly mistrusted [[Melkor]], which was part of Melkor's plan.<ref name="Feanor"/>

Inspired by a shadow of foreknowledge, he pondered how the [[light]] of the [[Two Trees]] might be preserved imperishable.<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|Unrest}}</ref> Many thought that this idea came first after seeing the [[Hair of Galadriel]], which was both golden and silver. He admired her hair so much that he requested a tress three times, but [[Galadriel]] refused each time and would not give him even a single strand.<ref>{{UT|6}}, p. 230</ref> Therefore, in {{YT|1449|n}}, Fëanor began, and by {{YT|1450|n}} he had succeeded<ref name="AAsec4"/> in the greatest of his achievements: capturing the light of the Two Trees to make the three [[Silmarils]], also called the Great Jewels. He prized the Silmarils above all else, and displayed them in feasts upon his brow. But later he grew increasingly suspicious that the Valar and other Eldar coveted them, until he jealously guarded them from all except his immediate family.<ref name="Silmarils" />

=== Feud with Fingolfin ===
[[Image:Antti Autio - The Threat of Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|''The Threat of Feanor'' by [[Antti Autio]]]]
[[Melkor]] greatly desired the [[Silmarils]] and his hatred for Fëanor grew, but the Valar still did not know of Melkor's true intentions. Melkor played upon Fëanor's temperament and pride to convince him that his own half-brother [[Fingolfin]] was not only planning to usurp his place as heir to [[Finwë]], but also seize the jewels for himself.<ref name="Silmarils"/> The Noldor then began forging weapons, which at that point no other [[Eldar]] possessed in [[Valinor]]. Fëanor's hostility grew to the point where, in {{YT|1490|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he threatened Fingolfin's life. For this, the Valar exiled him to [[Formenos]]. He took a substantial treasure with him, including the [[Silmarils]], which he stowed in a locked box. In a show of support for his eldest son, Finwë withdrew to Formenos as well.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

The [[Valar]] realized that Melkor was behind Fëanor's actions. They sent [[Tulkas]] to imprison him again, but he could not be found. Melkor was not seen for a long time, until in {{YT|1492|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he unexpectedly showed up at [[Formenos]]. Melkor tried again to manipulate Fëanor, but he went too far, and Fëanor realized that Melkor's true goal was to obtain the Silmarils. He shut the door in Melkor's face. In a rage, Melkor left. When the Valar heard of the incident, they resumed the hunt, but it was apparent that Melkor had fled from Valinor.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

=== Theft of the Silmarils ===
In {{YT|1495|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> the Valar sought to reconcile Fëanor and [[Fingolfin]], and to mend the enmity between the Noldor and Valar, and invited them all to Valimar to make peace. Fingolfin offered a hand to his half-brother, recognizing Fëanor's place as the eldest, which he grudgingly accepted.
[[File:Lída Holubová - Feanor and his sons.jpg|thumb|''Feanor and his sons'' by [[:Category:Images by Lída Holubová|Lída Holubová]]]]
Meanwhile, after first feigning to go north, [[Melkor]] had stolen away to [[Avathar]] in the south of [[Aman]] to seek out the evil, spider-like creature [[Ungoliant]]. Even as Fëanor and Fingolfin were reconciled, Ungoliant helped Morgoth destroy the Two Trees, bringing darkness to [[Valinor]].<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>

[[Yavanna]] examined the [[Two Trees]] and found them lifeless. The light of the Trees survived only in the [[Silmarils]] and she said that only by their power could she restore the Trees. [[Manwë]] then asked Fëanor to give them up for this purpose but Fëanor emphatically declared that he would not give up his Silmarils of his own free will; if the Valar forced him, he said, they would be no better than Melkor. It was after this that messengers came telling of the raid at [[Formenos]].

According to the messengers, Melkor, surrounded by an impenetrable black fog, had come to Fëanor's vault in [[Formenos]]. [[Finwë]] fought and lost against Melkor, and was the first to be slain in Valinor. Melkor ransacked the vault, taking many valuable jewels, including the Silmarils. He and Ungoliant escaped by crossing the [[Helcaraxë]], or Grinding Ice, in the north to [[Beleriand]] in Middle-earth.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref>

=== Kingship ===
==== Kin-slaying at Alqualondë ====
[[File:Angel Falto - Feanor (The Oath).jpg|thumb|left|''Fëanor (The Oath)'' by [[:Category:Images by Angel Falto|Angel Falto]]]]

The Valar and Eldar now fully understood the extent of Melkor's treachery. Fëanor, upon learning of his father's murder and the theft of his prized Silmarils, named Melkor "''Morgoth''", or "Black Enemy". Following his father's death, Fëanor claimed the [[King of the Noldor|kingship of the Noldor]] and delivered an [[Speech of Fëanor|impassioned speech]], which he unwittingly filled with Morgoth's lies. He rallied the Noldor against the Dark Lord, but because of Morgoth's influence, he also blamed the Valar for Morgoth's deeds. He persuaded most of his people that because the Valar could not protect them, the Noldor must follow him to Middle-earth and fight the Dark Lord. Fëanor then swore the terrible [[Oath of Fëanor]] which all seven of his sons also proclaimed, vowing to fight anyone and everyone—whether Elf, Man, Maia, or Vala—who withheld the Silmarils, and invoking even [[Ilúvatar]] as a witness. This Oath led to much conflict and later caused great tragedy among his seven sons.

Seeking a way to get to [[Middle-earth]], he went to the shores of Aman, where the seafaring [[Teleri]] lived, and demanded the use of their ships. When the Teleri refused to give or lend their vessels, Fëanor ordered the Noldor to take the ships by force. The Teleri resisted, and a battle broke out, in which many of the Teleri were slain, for they were armed with mere hunting bows, against the fully armed Noldor. Three times the Teleri were able to push back Fëanor until Fingon, leading the host of Fingolfin his father, joined the battle thus overwhelming the Teleri.

Due to this act, the Valar proclaimed the [[Doom of the Noldor]], in which they prophesied failure for all those who followed the House of Fëanor. Fëanor resolved to go on, and added a further prophetic statement that their deeds would live on in song until the ending of the world. However, those who repented came back with [[Finarfin]], [[Finwë]]'s third son. They were accepted by the Valar, and Finarfin ruled as King of the remaining Noldor in [[Valinor]].<ref name="Flight"/>

==== Exile to Middle-earth and death ====
[[File:NOLANOS - La Quema de las Naves.jpg|thumb|''La Quema de las Naves'' by [[:Category:Images by NOLANOS|NOLANOS]]]]
As the year {{YT|1496|n}} wore on Fëanor led the Noldor northward. By {{YT|1497|n}}, the host had reached the [[Helkaraxë]] and halted.<ref>{{MR|P2m}}</ref> There were not enough ships to carry all of the Noldor across the sea, so Fëanor and his sons seized the ships and departed. Upon arriving at [[Losgar]], the outlet of the Firth of Drengist in the land of [[Lammoth]], in the far west of [[Beleriand]], where Morgoth and Ungoliant had passed not long before, Fëanor decided to burn the ships and leave the followers of Fingolfin behind.<ref name="Flight"/> The earth being flat in those days, the remaining Noldor saw the flames, and perceived that if they were to reach Middle-earth, they had no choice but to cross the Helcaraxë. This they did under the leadership of Fingolfin, and suffered heavy losses along the way, which greatly added to the animosity they had for the [[House of Fëanor]].<ref name="Flight"/>
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Death of Feanor.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Death of Feanor'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
Learning of the Noldor's arrival, Morgoth summoned his armies from his fortress of [[Angband]] and attacked Fëanor's encampment in [[Mithrim]]. This battle was called the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle-under-Stars"), for the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] had not yet been made. The Noldor managed to win the battle and disperse Morgoth's armies. Fëanor, still in a great rage, pressed on toward Angband with his sons. He came upon the confines of Dor Daedeloth, but was ambushed by a force of [[Balrogs]], with few elves about him. He fought mightily, hewing his foes, even after receiving several wounds, but was bested by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], lord of Balrogs.

His sons came upon the balrogs with a great force of elves, and were able to drive them off. However, as Fëanor was being carried off the battlefield, he knew his wounds were fatal. He was brought to the slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]] where he saw from afar the peaks of [[Thangorodrim]]. He cursed Morgoth thrice, but with the eyes of death, he knew that the elves, unaided, would never throw down the dark towers. At the moment of his death the passing of his fiery spirit reduced his body to ashes. He was the only person to die this way, for no death like his was ever seen or heard.<ref name="S|Return">{{S|Return}}</ref>

His sons were still bound by the Oath to recover the Silmarils, which would determine many of the events of Middle-earth during the First Age.

Fëanor's spirit remained in the [[Halls of Mandos]] and would never be reincarnated in [[Arda]].<ref name="S|Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> It is said that he will return for [[Dagor Dagorath]], and will finally reclaim his beloved Silmarils and break them so [[Yavanna]] can use their light to restore the Two Trees.<ref name=Last>{{WJ|Last}}, p. 247</ref>

== Works ==
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Fëanor heraldic device.jpg|right|120px|thumb|Fëanor's device by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]
* ''[[Fëanorian lamps]]''
* ''[[Heraldry|Heraldry of Fëanor]]''
* ''[[Palantíri]]''
* ''[[Silima]]''
** ''[[Silmarils]]''
* ''[[Tengwar]]''
** ''[[Quanta Sarmë]]''

In later days, many devices were attributed to Fëanor, such as the ''[[ñaltalma]]r''. Despite this however, they were also said to be far older.<ref>{{NM|P3xvi}}, pp. 353-4, note 9</ref>

== Etymology ==
{{Pronounce|Feanor.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Fëanor'' is an unusual combination of [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]: ''[[fëa]]'' ("spirit, soul") + ''[[naur]]'' ("fire").<ref name=Nar>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''[[fëa]]'', ''[[Nár (Quenya)|nár]]''</ref> The name is actually a half [[Sindarized]] version of his Quenya mother-name ''Fëanáro''; the proper [[Sindarin]] form should have been '''''Faenor'''''.<ref name="Shibboleth"/>

The name has changed since early versions of the [[legendarium]]. In the [[Parma Eldalamberon 11|Gnomish Lexicon]], written around 1917, ''Fëanor'' is given as the [[Qenya]] cognate of [[Gnomish]] ''Fionor'' ("Goblet Smith"), but is mentioned with no apparent connection to the later Noldoli character.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry ''Fionwë-Úrion''</ref> However, [[Tolkien]] used ''Fëanor'' in the narrative of the [[Lost Tales]] for the character.<ref>{{LT1|Index}}, entry "Fëanor"</ref> In the [[Noldorin]] phase, ''Fëanor'' is the original name while ''Fëanáro'' is the Qenya cognate. Both meant "Radiant Sun", from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''Phayanâro''.<ref name=Etymologies>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "NAR1", "PHAY"</ref>

== Other names ==
When Fëanor was born, he was first called '''''Minyon''''' ("First-begotten").<ref>{{MR|P2h}}, p. 87, note 3</ref> His [[father-name]] was at first the same as his father: ''Finwë'',<ref name="Shibboleth" /> or simply '''''Finwion''''' ("Son of Finwë").<ref>{{MR|P3II3a}}, p. 217</ref> But when he showed his abilities it was enlarged to '''''[[Curufinwë]]''''',<ref name="Shibboleth"/> by adding ''[[curu]]'' ("skill").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''[[curu]]''</ref>

His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''''Fëanáro''''', which translates as "Spirit of Fire",<ref name="Shibboleth">{{PM|Finwe}}</ref> being formed by adding ''[[fëa]]'' ("spirit") and ''[[Nár (Quenya)|nár]]'' ("flame").<ref name=Nar /> Fëanor called himself the ''"Son of the Þerindë"''<ref>{{PM|Case}}</ref> after the shifting of “Þ" to "s". After he creation of the Silmarils, he called himself ''"the lord of the lights"''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Concerning ... 'The Hoard']], Last paragraph</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]] ''b. {{YT}}''| MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree | NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FEA='''FËANOR''' ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]] ''d. {{FA|587}}''|MAG=[[Maglor]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celegorm]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CAR=[[Caranthir]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CUR=[[Curufin]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|AMD=[[Amrod]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''|AMR=[[Amras]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]] ''d. {{SA|1697}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
=== Early legendarium ===
The character of Fëanor first appears in the ''[[Book of Lost Tales]]'', in which Fëanor, one of the [[Noldoli]], gathers pearls and other jewels, and stores in them the light of the trees Laurelin and Silpion, creating the three Silmarils: gems that shine with their own light, and surpass all other jewels in beauty.<ref>{{LT1|V}}, pp. 128, 138</ref> When Melko begins to spread discontent among the Noldoli, Fëanor, along with [[Inwë]] and [[Ellu Melemno]], counsel Nólemë that Manwë should be informed of Melko's doings. However, Melko also speaks to Manwë, telling him that the Noldoli are stirring against the Valar, and when Nólemë's embassy arrives, Manwë is displeased with both parties, and sends Melko back to Mandos, and orders that the Noldoli leave their home upon Kôr and dwell elsewhere, lest their discontent spread among the other kindreds. <ref name=Theft/>{{rp|140-143}}

The Noldoli relocate to the vale of [[Sirnúmen]] and remain there for a while, until the time of a great [[Samírien|feast]] held in Valmar, to which they fare along with the rest of the Eldar. During the feast, Melko and his accomplices travel to the emptied dwelling of the Noldoli and slay the guards they had left there, including Fëanor's father, Bruithwir. They plunder the treasury there, taking the most glorious gems, including the Silmarils. After this tragedy, the Noldoli are distraught, and Manwë grants them permission to return to their home at Kôr. However, some, Fëanor among them, choose to remain behind in Sirnúmen. There Fëanor broods, striving and failing to recreate the Silmarils, and sitting beside his father's tomb, his discontent growing until at last he fares to Kôr, speaking against the Valar and urging the Noldoli to leave Valinor.<ref name=Theft>{{LT1|VI}}</ref>{{rp|143-150}} Soon afterwards, following Melko and [[Gwerlum]]'s destruction of the Two Trees, Fëanor persuades his people to arm themselves, follow him and [[Flight of the Noldor|leave Valinor]].<ref name=VII>{{LT1|VII}}</ref>{{rp|162}}

There are key differences in this section of the story from later versions, but there are also similarities. For one, Bruithwir, rather than Finwë Nólemë, is Fëanor's father in ''Lost Tales''. However, the element of a close kinsman of Fëanor's being slain by Melko at their home in exile remains. Fëanor is still the creator of the Silmarils, and, angered at their loss and the loss of his father, still rallies his people to flee Valinor using the same rhetoric as in later versions.<ref>{{LT1|VIn}}, pp. 156-160</ref>

In the next portion of the tale, Fëanor leads the Noldoli into exile from Valinor. An inserted rider also describes him as initiating the [[First Kinslaying|Kinslaughter]] at [[Alqualondë|Kópas Alqalunten]] in a bid to steal the ships of the [[Solosimpi]]. The Noldoli suffered much loss at the crossing of the Helkaraksë, and many blamed Fëanor bitterly for their plight. However, they at last succeeded in crossing into Middle-earth.<ref name=VII/> Fëanor's sons are first mentioned later in the tale, as having hidden a store of crystals in Sirnúmen, which were later used by Aulë in the making of the Ship of the Moon after the departure of the Noldoli.<ref>{{LT1|VIII}}, p. 192</ref>

According to earlier outlines of ''Lost Tales'', the Noldoli spread out in the land of Hisilómë. Different outlines from around this time have different fates of Fëanor: in one, he is lost at the [[Lake Mithrim|Waters of Asgon]], sailing out to the Islanded Rock there in search of his jewels. In another, it is Nólemë that dies at Asgon, and Fëanor, rather than his son (as in later versions, and the other outline), leads a host against Melko, and is captured and tormented. In later outlines, the Noldoli also reach Hisilómë, and Fëanor drowns in the Waters of Mithrim. In this version, Maidros, son of Fëanor, is the one to lead a host against Melko and be captured.<ref>{{LT1|X}}</ref> While Fëanor's manner of death here is different from that in the published Silmarillion, it mirrors it in that he dies soon after leading the Noldoli out of Middle-earth, and is survived by his sons and his people.

==== Story of Wéland/Fëanor ====
There exists a compilation of texts called the ''[[Early Runic Documents]]'', contemporary with ''The Book of Lost Tales'', one of which identifies Fëanor with the legendary Germanic smith called [[wikipedia:Wayland the Smith|Wayland]]. That story is placed during the wars of the Elves with [[Melko]].

In that text, Fëanor was captured by a man called [[Niðad]],<ref group=note>In the text as originally written, ''Niðad'' was a replacement for ''Melko'', and the ''Niaroth'' for ''Orcs''.</ref> King of the [[Niaroth]]. However, Fëanor killed Niðad's sons<ref group=note>In the original text, Fëanor killed Melko's "captain of orcs", instead of Niðad's sons.</ref> and managed to escape by crafting artificial wings for himself; he also made love to the king's daughter [[Beaduhilde]] and fled with her, but ultimately lost her in the woods.

Eventually Beaduhilde (who was now pregnant) forgave Fëanor, and in spite of her father's wrath at her pregnancy, she still managed to obtain Niðad's blessing upon her son.<ref>{{PE|15}}, "[[Early Runic Documents]]", ''ER1f: Sixth and seventh pages'', p. 97</ref>
For more information, see [[Fëanor#Inspiration|Inspiration]].

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Fëanor's hammer.webp|right|150px|thumb|Fëanor's hammer in [[Celebrimbor|Celebrimbor's]] workshop in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The Rings of Power]]''.]]
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', Season One:'''
:'''Episode 2: ''[[Adrift]]'':'''
::As [[Elrond]] enters [[Celebrimbor|Celebrimbor's]] workshop, Celebrimbor points out many artifacts he possesses, including Fëanor's hammer, the very device that Fëanor used to wrought the [[Silmarils]] themselves.

:'''Episode 8: ''[[Alloyed]]'':'''
::Upon attempting to forge a "crown" of power, Celebrimbor uses Fëanor's hammer over all of his other hammers.

{{references|notes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Feanor}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=noldor
| house=[[House of Finwë]]
| born={{YT|1169}}
| died={{YT|1497}}
}}
{{Seq
| prev=[[Finwë]]
| list=2nd [[King of the Noldor]]
| dates={{YT|1495}} - {{YT|1497|n}} (with [[Fingolfin]])
| next=[[Finarfin]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Fëanor| ]]
[[Category:House of Finwë]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Qenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Aman]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Smiths]]
[[de:Feanor]]
[[fi:Fëanor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/feanor]]

Laer Cú Beleg

2024-10-24T03:23:35Z

Grace18: Grammar touch ups

[[File:Maria Awsejkowa - Laer Cu Beleg.jpg|thumb|''Laer cu Beleg'' by [[:Category:Images by Maria Awsejkowa|Maria Awsejkowa]]]]
'''Laer Cú Beleg''' was a song made by [[Túrin]] in memory of his friend [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]], whom he unintentionally slew.<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry "Laer Cú Beleg"</ref>

==History==
With the aid of [[Gwindor]], Beleg freed Turin from Orc captivity during a thunderstorm. Upon being freed, however, Turin mistook Beleg for an Orc and murdered him with Beleg's own sword, [[Anglachel]]. Upon realizing the horror of what he had just done, Turin fell into a frozen state of shock and allowed himself to be led by [[Gwindor]] to the [[Pools of Ivrin]]. Once there, he drank from the pure waters and was healed, and was at last able to weep, mourning Beleg. Then he composed and sang this lament as a form of release in his grief, singing it aloud regardless of peril.<ref name="Beleg">{{CH|9}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Laer Cú Beleg'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Song of the Great Bow",<ref name="Beleg" /> from ''[[laer]]'' ("song"), ''[[cú]]'' ("bow") and ''[[Beleg (word)|beleg]]'' ("great, mighty; large, big").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2210392017.html|articlename=S. ''Laer Cú Beleg'' pn.|website=[[Eldamo]]|accessed=17 August 2022}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The concept of Túrin composing an elegy for his friend is present since early stages of the [[legendarium]]. It appears for the first time in ''[[The Lay of the Children of Húrin]]'', in which it is called the '''Bowman's Friendship''', and it is said that the [[Gnomes]] remembered it in [[Nargothrond]], and that it was a song used in battles against [[Morgoth]].<ref>{{LB|1d}}, p. 64, vv. 1662-1665</ref> The same name is given to it in the following versions of the story in the ''[[Sketch of the Mythology]]''<ref>{{SM|2}}, [Section] 12, p. 29</ref> and the ''[[Quenta Noldorinwa]]''.<ref>{{SM|Q12}}, p. 124</ref>

{{References}}
[[Category:Lays and tales within the legendarium]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

Atlantis-haunting

2024-09-03T17:40:58Z

Grace18: Cleaned up a little more

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Atalante.jpg|thumb|''Atalante'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
'''Atlantis-haunting'''<ref name=":0" /> or '''Atlantic complex'''<ref name="Auden">{{L|163}}</ref> were ways by which [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] referred to his recurring dreams of a towering, inescapable wave rising up out of the sea or sweeping over the landscape.

==History==
{{blockquote|This legend or myth or dim memory of some ancient history has always troubled me. In sleep I had the dreadful dream of the ineluctable Wave, either coming out of the quiet sea, or coming in towering over the green inlands. It still occurs occasionally, though now exorcized by writing about it. It always ends by surrender, and I awake gasping out of deep water. I used to draw it or write bad poems about it.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 257]]}}

Tolkien describes this dream in various letters, always as an ineluctable wave, sometimes rising up from the sea and sometimes passing over trees and fields<ref name="Auden" />; sometimes dark and sometimes green and sunlit<ref>{{L|276}}</ref>. After learning that his son, [[Michael Tolkien|Michael]], had similar dreams without Tolkien ever having mentioned it to him, Tolkien wondered if he might have inherited it from his own parents in turn.<ref name="Auden" /> It was this dream that inspired the story of [[Downfall of Númenor|Númenor]], which Tolkien frequently referred to in his letters as the "Atlantis isle". After writing the story of the Downfall of Númenor, Tolkien noted that he ceased having the dream.<ref name="Auden" /><ref name=":0" />

The story appears in various places throughout Tolkien's writings. In the 1930's, Tolkien began a challenge with [[C.S. Lewis]] which resulted to a "time travel" story, ''[[The Lost Road]]'';<ref>{{LR|Early}}</ref> he completed only four chapters, two of which take place in Atlantis, then known as [[Númenor]]. The story takes into account "the traditions of the North Sea concerning the coming of corn and culture heroes, ancestors of kingly lines, in boats"<ref name=":0">{{L|257}}</ref> and father-son pairs who share the names of [[Eädwine]] and [[Ælfwine]] through several versions and cognates. Tolkien imported elements from his [[The Book of Lost Tales|earlier]] [[legendarium]] into this, notably the villain character of [[Thû]]/[[Sauron]], who was responsible for Númenor's [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]].<ref>{{LR|P1II}}</ref> This story eventually developed into the ''[[Akallabêth]]'', in which the island of Númenor is covered by waves and sinks into the sea.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> In a letter to W. H. Auden, Tolkien also wrote that he "bequeathed [the dream] to [[Faramir]]" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name="Auden" /> In ''[[The Return of the King]],'' Faramir tells [[Éowyn]] that he often dreams of Númenor, "of the land of Westernesse that foundered, and of the great wave climbing over the green lands and above the hills, and coming on, darkness unescapable."<ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 962</ref>

In [[1945]], Tolkien revisited similar concepts and attempted to write the novel ''[[The Notion Club Papers]]''; there, a character named [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham]] experiences lucid dreams about Atlantis, which he shares with the [[Notion Club]]; through these dreams, he discovers much about the story of Númenor, and that he is a "reincarnation" of [[Elendil]].{{fact}}

==See also==
*[[The Lost Road]]
*[[The Notion Club Papers]]

==External links==
*{{WP|Atlantis}}

{{References}}
*[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]''

[[Category:Mythology]]
[[Category:The Notion Club Papers]]

Atlantis-haunting

2024-09-02T20:05:19Z

Grace18: Forgot to fix this, sorry

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Atalante.jpg|thumb|''Atalante'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
'''Atlantis-haunting'''<ref name=":0" /> or '''Atlantic complex'''<ref name=Auden>{{L|163}}</ref> were ways by which [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] referred to his recurring dreams of a towering, inescapable wave rising up out of the sea or sweeping over the landscape.

==History==
{{blockquote|This legend or myth or dim memory of some ancient history has always troubled me. In sleep I had the dreadful dream of the ineluctable Wave, either coming out of the quiet sea, or coming in towering over the green inlands. It still occurs occasionally, though now exorcized by writing about it. It always ends by surrender, and I awake gasping out of deep water. I used to draw it or write bad poems about it.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 257]]}}

Tolkien describes this dream in various letters, always as an ineluctable wave, sometimes rising up from the sea and sometimes passing over trees and fields<ref name=Auden/>; sometimes dark and sometimes green and sunlit<ref>{{L|276}}</ref>. After learning that his son, [[Michael Tolkien|Michael]], had similar dreams without Tolkien ever having mentioned it to him, Tolkien wondered if he might have inherited it from his own parents in turn.<ref name=Auden/> It was this dream that inspired the story of [[Downfall of Númenor|Númenor]], which Tolkien frequently referred to in his letters as the "Atlantis isle". After writing the story of the Downfall of Númenor, Tolkien noted that he ceased having the dream.<ref name=Auden/><ref>{{L|257}}</ref>

The story appears in various places throughout Tolkien's writings. In the 1930's, Tolkien began a challenge with [[C.S. Lewis]] which resulted to a "time travel" story, ''[[The Lost Road]]'';<ref>{{LR|Early}}</ref> he completed only four chapters, two of which take place in Atlantis, then known as [[Númenor]]. The story takes into account "the traditions of the North Sea concerning the coming of corn and culture heroes, ancestors of kingly lines, in boats"<ref name=":0">{{L|257}}</ref> and father-son pairs who share the names of [[Eädwine]] and [[Ælfwine]] through several versions and cognates.

Around that time, he developed [[The Fall of Númenor (chapter)|his own retelling]] of the legend of Atlantis, importing elements from his [[The Book of Lost Tales|earlier]] [[legendarium]], notably the villain character of [[Thû]]/[[Sauron]], who was responsible for [[Downfall of Númenor|its Downfall]].<ref>{{LR|P1II}}</ref> This story eventually developed into the ''[[Akallabêth]]'', in which the island of Númenor is covered by waves and sinks into the sea.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> In a letter to W. H. Auden, Tolkien also wrote that he "bequeathed [the dream] to [[Faramir]]" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=Auden/> In ''[[The Return of the King]],'' Faramir tells [[Éowyn]] that he often dreams of Númenor, "of the land of Westernesse that foundered, and of the great wave climbing over the green lands and above the hills, and coming on, darkness unescapable."<ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 962</ref>

In [[1945]], Tolkien revisited similar concepts and attempted to write the novel ''[[The Notion Club Papers]]''; there, a character named [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham]] experiences lucid dreams about Atlantis, which he shares with the [[Notion Club]]; through these dreams, he discovers much about the story of Númenor, and that he is a "reincarnation" of [[Elendil]].{{fact}}

==See also==
*[[The Lost Road]]
*[[The Notion Club Papers]]

==External links==
*{{WP|Atlantis}}

{{References}}
*[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]''

[[Category:Mythology]]
[[Category:The Notion Club Papers]]

Atlantis-haunting

2024-09-02T20:03:36Z

Grace18: Added info from RotK

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Atalante.jpg|thumb|''Atalante'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
'''Atlantis-haunting'''<ref name=":0" /> or '''Atlantic complex'''<ref name=Auden>{{L|163}}</ref> refers to [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s recurring dreams of a towering, inescapable wave rising up out of the sea or sweeping over the landscape.

==History==
{{blockquote|This legend or myth or dim memory of some ancient history has always troubled me. In sleep I had the dreadful dream of the ineluctable Wave, either coming out of the quiet sea, or coming in towering over the green inlands. It still occurs occasionally, though now exorcized by writing about it. It always ends by surrender, and I awake gasping out of deep water. I used to draw it or write bad poems about it.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 257]]}}

Tolkien describes this dream in various letters, always as an ineluctable wave, sometimes rising up from the sea and sometimes passing over trees and fields<ref name=Auden/>; sometimes dark and sometimes green and sunlit<ref>{{L|276}}</ref>. After learning that his son, [[Michael Tolkien|Michael]], had similar dreams without Tolkien ever having mentioned it to him, Tolkien wondered if he might have inherited it from his own parents in turn.<ref name=Auden/> It was this dream that inspired the story of [[Downfall of Númenor|Númenor]], which Tolkien frequently referred to in his letters as the "Atlantis isle". After writing the story of the Downfall of Númenor, Tolkien noted that he ceased having the dream.<ref name=Auden/><ref>{{L|257}}</ref>

The story appears in various places throughout Tolkien's writings. In the 1930's, Tolkien began a challenge with [[C.S. Lewis]] which resulted to a "time travel" story, ''[[The Lost Road]]'';<ref>{{LR|Early}}</ref> he completed only four chapters, two of which take place in Atlantis, then known as [[Númenor]]. The story takes into account "the traditions of the North Sea concerning the coming of corn and culture heroes, ancestors of kingly lines, in boats"<ref name=":0">{{L|257}}</ref> and father-son pairs who share the names of [[Eädwine]] and [[Ælfwine]] through several versions and cognates.

Around that time, he developed [[The Fall of Númenor (chapter)|his own retelling]] of the legend of Atlantis, importing elements from his [[The Book of Lost Tales|earlier]] [[legendarium]], notably the villain character of [[Thû]]/[[Sauron]], who was responsible for [[Downfall of Númenor|its Downfall]].<ref>{{LR|P1II}}</ref> This story eventually developed into the ''[[Akallabêth]]'', in which the island of Númenor is covered by waves and sinks into the sea.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> In a letter to W. H. Auden, Tolkien also wrote that he "bequeathed [the dream] to [[Faramir]]" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=Auden/> In ''[[The Return of the King]],'' Faramir tells [[Éowyn]] that he often dreams of Númenor, "of the land of Westernesse that foundered, and of the great wave climbing over the green lands and above the hills, and coming on, darkness unescapable."<ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 962</ref>

In [[1945]], Tolkien revisited similar concepts and attempted to write the novel ''[[The Notion Club Papers]]''; there, a character named [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham]] experiences lucid dreams about Atlantis, which he shares with the [[Notion Club]]; through these dreams, he discovers much about the story of Númenor, and that he is a "reincarnation" of [[Elendil]].{{fact}}

==See also==
*[[The Lost Road]]
*[[The Notion Club Papers]]

==External links==
*{{WP|Atlantis}}

{{References}}
*[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]''

[[Category:Mythology]]
[[Category:The Notion Club Papers]]

Atlantis-haunting

2024-09-02T19:01:36Z

Grace18: Added info

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Atalante.jpg|thumb|''Atalante'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
'''Atlantis-haunting'''<ref name=":0" /> or '''Atlantic complex'''<ref name=Auden>{{L|163}}</ref> refers to [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s recurring dreams of a towering, inescapable wave rising up out of the sea or sweeping over the landscape.

==History==
{{blockquote|This legend or myth or dim memory of some ancient history has always troubled me. In sleep I had the dreadful dream of the ineluctable Wave, either coming out of the quiet sea, or coming in towering over the green inlands. It still occurs occasionally, though now exorcized by writing about it. It always ends by surrender, and I awake gasping out of deep water. I used to draw it or write bad poems about it.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Letter 257]]}}

Tolkien describes this dream in various letters, always as an ineluctable wave, sometimes rising up from the sea and sometimes passing over trees and fields<ref name=Auden/>; sometimes dark and sometimes green and sunlit<ref>{{L|276}}</ref>. After learning that his son, [[Michael Tolkien|Michael]], had similar dreams without Tolkien ever having mentioned it to him, Tolkien wondered if he might have inherited it from his own parents in turn.<ref name=Auden/> It was this dream that inspired the story of [[Downfall of Númenor|Númenor]], which Tolkien frequently referred to in his letters as the "Atlantis isle". After writing the story of the Downfall of Númenor, Tolkien noted that he ceased having the dream.<ref name=Auden/><ref>{{L|257}}</ref>

The story appears in various places throughout Tolkien's writings. In the 1930's, Tolkien began a challenge with [[C.S. Lewis]] which resulted to a "time travel" story, ''[[The Lost Road]]'';<ref>{{LR|Early}}</ref> he completed only four chapters, two of which take place in Atlantis, then known as [[Númenor]]. The story takes into account "the traditions of the North Sea concerning the coming of corn and culture heroes, ancestors of kingly lines, in boats"<ref name=":0">{{L|257}}</ref> and father-son pairs who share the names of [[Eädwine]] and [[Ælfwine]] through several versions and cognates.

Around that time, he developed [[The Fall of Númenor (chapter)|his own retelling]] of the legend of Atlantis, importing elements from his [[The Book of Lost Tales|earlier]] [[legendarium]], notably the villain character of [[Thû]]/[[Sauron]], who was responsible for [[Downfall of Númenor|its Downfall]].<ref>{{LR|P1II}}</ref> This story eventually developed into the ''[[Akallabêth]]'', in which the island of Númenor is covered by waves and sinks into the sea.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> In a letter to W. H. Auden, Tolkien also wrote that he "bequeathed [the dream] to [[Faramir]]", who dreams of the Downfall of Númenor in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=Auden/>

In [[1945]], Tolkien revisited similar concepts and attempted to write the novel ''[[The Notion Club Papers]]''; there, a character named [[Alwin Arundel Lowdham]] experiences lucid dreams about Atlantis, which he shares with the [[Notion Club]]; through these dreams, he discovers much about the story of Númenor, and that he is a "reincarnation" of [[Elendil]].{{fact}}

==See also==
*[[The Lost Road]]
*[[The Notion Club Papers]]

==External links==
*{{WP|Atlantis}}

{{References}}
*[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]''

[[Category:Mythology]]
[[Category:The Notion Club Papers]]

The Siege of Gondor

2024-08-02T05:58:52Z

Grace18: Removed double spaces

{{disambig-more|Siege of Gondor|[[Siege of Gondor (disambiguation)]]}}
{{chapter
| image=Ted Nasmith - Nazgûl at the Walls.jpg
| title=The Siege of Gondor
| book=The Return of the King
| number=4
| event=[[Minas Tirith]] is besieged.
| date=[[10 March|10]]-[[15 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}
| location=[[Minas Tirith]]
| perspective=[[Peregrin Took|Peregrin]]
| previous=The Muster of Rohan
| next=The Ride of the Rohirrim
}}
'''The Siege of Gondor''' is the fourth chapter of the first book of ''[[The Return of the King]]''. It tells of the siege of [[Minas Tirith]] by the forces of [[Mordor]], led by the [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]]. Key characters involved are [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], [[Gandalf]], [[Faramir]] and [[Denethor]].

The chapter covers various events such as Faramir's perilous assignment to protect [[Osgiliath]], the subsequent battle for the nearby [[Pelennor Fields]], the siege of Minas Tirith, and the internal strife within the city, particularly between Denethor and his son Faramir. Central to the chapter is the tension between Gandalf and Denethor over the handling of the Ring, and the arrival of the [[Riders of Rohan|Rohirrim]]. The chapter ends with a standoff between Gandalf and the Lord of the Nazgûl just as the Riders of Rohan arrive.

==Overview==
===Pippin’s Service and the Rescue of Faramir===
In Minas Tirith, [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] received his new uniform and gear having become a member of the [[Guards of the Citadel|Tower Guard]]. He spent a long day serving Lord [[Denethor]], [[Gandalf]], and the [[Captains of the West]]. While chatting at the outer wall of the Citadel amid heavy darkness and a stagnant air, Pippin and [[Beregond]] heard the terrifying shriek of a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]]. Beyond the outermost gate, they saw five [[Nazgûl]] swooping over a small, rapidly approaching group of [[Men]] on horseback. The leader of the horsemen sounded his horn, recognised by Beregond as the trumpet call of Faramir.

The men, thrown from their terrified horses, ran for the city gate on foot. As one of the Nazgûl descended on Faramir, Pippin saw what appeared to be a brilliant white star in the north. The light is revealed to be from Gandalf approaching on his horse, [[Shadowfax]]. Gandalf had raised his hand and sent a shaft of light shooting upward into one of the Nazgûl, which cried and circled away, the other Nazgûl following. Gandalf returned to the city with Faramir slumped in the saddle.

===Faramir’s Report and Denethor’s Displeasure===
Faramir was escorted into Denethor’s chambers, where he was shocked to see Pippin, having already had a [[Faramir#In_Ithilien|strange encounter]] with two other [[Hobbits]]—[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]—in [[Ithilien]]<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>. Gandalf erupted when he learned from Faramir that Frodo and Sam were heading to [[Mordor]] by way of [[Cirith Ungol]]. Faramir noted that he bid farewell to the Hobbits only two days ago;<ref>{{TT|Journey}}</ref> they could not have reached Cirith Ungol yet. They surmised that [[Sauron]]’s new movement on [[Gondor]] was not related to Frodo’s approach to Mordor.

Denethor upbraided Faramir for showing cowardice in defending the outposts. The [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward]] bitterly remarked that [[Boromir]], his other son, would have brought him a "mighty gift"—meaning [[The One Ring|the Ring]]. Gandalf pointed out that to the contrary, Boromir would have kept the "gift" for himself. The two argued, and Pippin again sensed the strain between them. Denethor opposed sending the Ring with a Hobbit into the hands of Sauron, believing that he himself should have been given the Ring for safekeeping. The gathering dispersed. Pippin asked Gandalf why, as Faramir had indicated, Frodo and Sam were traveling with [[Gollum]].<ref>{{TT|Taming}}</ref> Gandalf feared Gollum’s treachery, but noted that perhaps some good may yet come of [[Gollum#War_of_the_Ring|Gollum’s actions]].

===The Battle for Osgiliath===
The next morning, Denethor sent Faramir to protect the outlying ruins of Osgiliath where Mordor's armies were likely to strike first. Faramir dutifully accepted the perilous, possibly suicidal assignment from his father and Steward. The [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]], the Black Captain against whom none could stand, led the armies of Mordor. Gandalf rode off toward Osgiliath to help fight the Black Captain, returning the next day leading many wounded men. Faramir remained at Pelennor, trying to hold his men together to execute a safe retreat.

===Minas Tirith Besieged===
Not long after the battle for Osgiliath, the armies of Mordor approached Minas Tirith. Thousands of black-clad Men and [[Orcs]] streamed onto the plains. A small, beleaguered ensemble rode before them: the last of Gondor's rearguard in retreat. Lord Denethor, clad in armour, sent a small army of horsemen out to protect the retreat. Gandalf rode among them, using his white fire to deter the front lines of the Enemy. The retreating men reached the city safely, but one of the Nazgûl’s poisoned arrows struck Faramir.

Sauron's armies besieged the city in a vale of fire, cutting off all roads. They used huge catapults to lob blazing missiles into the [[Minas_Tirith#Geography|first ring of the city]]. As the forces of Minas Tirith tried to put these fires out, they realized to their horror that the Enemy’s missiles were the burning heads of those who had died defending Osgiliath.

===Denethor’s Despair===
Stricken with bitterness and grief, Denethor locked himself in the [[Tower of Ecthelion|White Tower]] with Faramir, who was delirious with fever from his arrow wound. Pippin looked on as Denethor wept, cursing Gandalf and bewailing the end of his lineage as Steward of Gondor. As Denethor was holed up in the White Tower, Gandalf took over the defence of Minas Tirith. The army of Mordor launched an attack on the outer wall of the city. Denethor instructed the desperate messengers who arrived in his court that everyone in the city should give up and burn in the fires.

Denethor called for his servants to carry Faramir out of the Citadel to the [[Tower Hall|Hall of Kings]], where Gondor's leaders were laid to rest. Denethor placed Faramir on a marble table and called for dry wood and a torch. Pippin warned the servants not to obey Denethor's orders, as it was clear that the Steward was overcome with madness. Pippin broke the rule of the Tower Guard by leaving his post. He sent Beregond up to the Hall of Kings to try to intervene with Denethor, and then the hobbit went in frantic search of Gandalf.

===Stand off at the Great Gate and Unlooked-for Aid===
The armies of Mordor, led by the Lord of the Nazgûl, approached the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith]] with a mighty [[Grond (battering ram)|battering ram]]. The servants of the Enemy struck the great iron door three times, shattering it on the third strike. The Black Captain entered the first ring of the city, and all fled in terror before him bar Gandalf, whom stood alone before him. Gandalf ordered the Lord of the Nazgûl to return to Mordor, to nothingness, but the Ringwraith laughed. He threw back his hood to reveal a crown on a headless body. His sword burst into flame, ready to strike, but Gandalf stood firm and resolute, ready to do battle. As a cock crowed and a great clamour of horns emanated from the north, the [[Riders of Rohan|Rohirrim]] arrived.
{{references}}
[[Category:The Return of the King chapters|Siege of Gondor]]
[[fi:Gondorin piiritys (TSH)]]

War of the Elves and Sauron

2024-08-02T04:54:00Z

Grace18: Attempted a clean-up, this article is a bit of a mess

{{expansion}}
{{War
|previous=[[War of Wrath]]
|next=[[War of the Last Alliance]]
|image=[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Celebrimbor's Death.jpg|300px]]
|name=War of the Elves and Sauron
|begin={{SA|1693}}
|end={{SA|1701}}
|place=Throughout [[Eriador]], but centred on the land of [[Eregion]]
|result=Victory for the [[Elves]] and allies
*[[Eregion]] destroyed
*[[Sauron]] defeated and driven from Eriador
*Founding of [[Imladris]]
|battles=[[Sack of Eregion]], [[First Siege of Imladris]], [[Battle of the Gwathló]]
|side1=[[Elves of Eregion]] [[Elves of Lindon]] [[Elves of Lórinand]] [[Númenóreans]] [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]]
|side2=Forces of [[Sauron]]
|commanders1=[[Gil-galad]] [[Celebrimbor]] † [[Elrond]] [[Celeborn]] [[Amroth]] [[Tar-Minastir|Minastir]] [[Ciryatur]] [[Durin III]]
|commanders2=[[Sauron]]
}}
The '''War of the Elves and Sauron''' was a great war fought in the [[Second Age]] between the forces of [[Sauron]] and the Elves in [[Eriador]] and their allies.

==Background==
{{seealso|Rings of Power}}
During the Second Age, [[Sauron]] planned to corrupt the Elves and put them under his dominion. In his guise as [[Annatar]], he attempted to seduce the [[Eldar]]. Both [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] rejected him from Lindon, but the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain|Smiths of Eregion]] were won over. Sauron instructed the [[Elves of Eregion]] in the making of the [[Rings of Power]], including aiding the forging of the [[Nine Rings|Nine]] and the [[Seven Rings|Seven]]. Sauron returned to Mordor and secretly constructed the [[One Ring]] to enslave the bearers of the other Rings.<ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Unbeknownst to him, the Elves had made [[Three Rings]] of their own, so that when Sauron took up his own Ring, they understood his intentions and his centuries of planning came to nothing.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==History==
===Prelude===
What he could not control by subtlety and deception, Sauron resolved to destroy by force. He obtained the allegiance of Men that lived in lands that were adjacent to Mordor, including in regions of the [[White Mountains]] and in [[Calenardhon]]. The [[Númenóreans]] who occupied the [[Ethir Anduin]] and the coasts of [[Lebennin]] discovered his activities and informed Gil-galad. However, Sauron did not allow the tribes of eastern Men to come in sight of the Númenóreans or of Men of good will that lived in Eriador, Calenardhon, the Vales of Anduin, Greenwood the Great or in the plains between that wood and Mordor, to avoid the risk that his gathering of armies in the east would be discovered. Sauron gathered and trained his armies for approximately ninety years before he felt ready to attack. He was unable to gather as many troops as he hoped for, because powerful enemies in the East and South opposed his efforts.<ref name="Delay">{{NM|P3xviii}}</ref> Among those enemies were the two [[Wizards|wizards]] [[Morinehtar]] and [[Rómestámo]]. Their task was to stir up rebellion and to cause dissension and disarray in the East. Otherwise the forces of the East would have outnumbered those of the West in the Second Age and in the Third Age.<ref name="PMLast">{{PM|Last}}, The Five Wizards, pp. 384-85</ref> In {{SA|1695}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> Sauron's vast armies passed through Calenardhon, invaded Eriador through the [[Gap of Rohan]], and turned north to attack Eregion. As a result of the Númenóreans having cut down many of the trees of [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]], the people inhabiting these lands welcomed Sauron's conquest and let him pass. Sauron left a force at Tharbad, and his armies marched on to Eregion <ref name="Concerning" />

===Destruction of Eregion===
{{main|Sack of Eregion}}
[[File:Kimberly - Celebrimbor.jpg|left|200px|thumb|''Celebrimbor'' by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]]]
[[Celeborn]] led a force from Eregion, and defeated the first wave of Sauron's army. However, he could not hold them off indefinitely. Celeborn's force was overwhelmed and driven back to [[Ost-in-Edhil]]
When news of the invasion reached [[Gil-galad|Gil-galad,]] he sent a force commanded by [[Elrond]] from [[Lindon]] to reinforce Eregion, and sent word to [[Númenor]] for aid.<ref name="Concerning" /> Elrond's forces were held back by Sauron's greater host and Eregion was devastated. In {{SA|1697}}, [[Ost-in-Edhil]] fell, with [[Celebrimbor]] himself leading a last desperate defence on the steps of the [[House of the Mírdain]]. He was taken captive by the [[Orcs]] and Sauron demanded that the Rings of Power be turned over to him, as well as the Three Rings. Celebrimbor yielded the [[Nine Rings]] and later even the [[Seven Rings]], but was able to hide the identities of those who bore the Three. Later Celebrimbor was shot through with Orc-arrows, and by some accounts, Sauron used Celebrimbor's body as a banner as he turned to face Elrond's host. <ref name="Concerning" />

===Founding of Imladris===
Elrond's force was far smaller than Sauron's army, and was at risk of being overrun when the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the [[Galadhrim|Elves]] of [[Lothlórien|Lóriand]] led by [[Amroth]] attacked Sauron's rear guard. Thus, the beleaguered Elrond was able save many of the Elves of Eregion by escaping into the north and founding the stronghold of [[Rivendell|Imladris]]. Once the Dwarves returned to Khazad-dûm, the [[Doors of Durin]] were shut and remained so until the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] came there thousands of years later.

Sauron gathered up the Rings of Power that remained, except for the Three Rings, which had been sent far from Eregion at the beginning of the war, and laid waste the land of Eregion, bringing an end to its people. The surviving Elves of Eregion seem to have scattered, as there are various accounts of their fates. Some fled northward to join Elrond and settled at [[Imladris]].<ref name="Concerning" /> They were joined there by others of their kind who had escaped into the [[Rhovanion|Wild]], and only later found their way to safety. Many of these people seem to have later abandoned [[Middle-earth]] and sailed into the [[West]]. Other survivors escaped into Khazad-dûm and were granted passage by their friends the [[Dwarves]], coming eventually through the [[Misty Mountains|Mountains]] to the woodlands that would long afterwards be called [[Lothlórien]].<ref name="Concerning" />

===Sauron Routed===
{{main|Battle of the Gwathló}}
Over the next six years, Sauron's armies overran [[Eriador]] and moved west, aiming to take Lindon and claim one or more of the Three Rings. By {{SA|1699}}, Sauron has completely overrun Eriador and all its lands, save the Imladris and Lindon. However, Imladris was under siege and Gil-galad was barely holding the Line of Lhûn and the [[Grey Havens|Mithlond]]. Sauron had summoned more forces coming from the South East, in the hopes of obtaining the Grey Havens.{{Fact}} There, just as Sauron's victory looked secure, a fleet appeared in the north, carrying the forces of [[Númenor]] sent by Tar-Minastir, the heir<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, entry X ''Tar-Telperien''</ref><ref name="Delay" /><ref group="note">His aunt Queen [[Tar-Telperiën]] only surrendered the sceptre in [[Second Age 1731]]. In addition the chapter XVIII Note on the Delay of Gil-galad and the Númenóreans in The Nature of Middle-earth mentions "the great host of Minastir" instead of "the great host of Tar-Minastir".</ref> of Queen [[Tar-Telperiën]]. The [[Númenóreans]], led by [[Ciryatur]], forced Sauron's armies to retreat south-east with heavy losses. Sauron was defeated again at [[Sarn Ford]], and was pushed out of Eriador, where he burned the forests of Minhiriath and Enedwaith. He had only a small fraction of his army left, although he was reinforced by his force at Tharbad. However, Ciryatur has sent a portion of the Númenórean army to [[Vinyalondë|Lond Daer]], and Sauron found himself attacked from in front and behind in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]], from which he barely escaped. An ensuing battle in eastern [[Calenardhon]] stripped Sauron of all but a tiny bodyguard, with which he retreated into Mordor.<ref name="Concerning" />

===Aftermath===
After Sauron's defeat, the [[White Council]] was held. The exact members are unknown, but this Council was not composed of later members such as the [[Istari]], but likely of Elf-lords and Captains of Men. Here it was decided that Imladris should become the new Elvish stronghold in eastern Eriador, rather than in Eregion and Ost-in-Edhil. In recognition of his efforts, Gil-galad secretly bestowed the ring [[Vilya]] upon Elrond at this time and made him his vice-regent in Eriador.<ref name="Concerning" />

The might of Númenor was first revealed to Middle-earth, and the first signs of the Shadow upon Westernesse had appeared. Sauron cursed and vowed vengeance upon the Númenóreans, whom he now hated.{{Fact}}

{{references|n}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Wars]]

Talk:Qerkaringa

2024-07-30T13:18:24Z

Grace18: /* Spelling of Helcaraxë */

== Spelling of Helcaraxë ==

The article on [[Helcaraxë]] deals with the etymology of the term, which references the earlier spelling "Helcarakse". I think this article, despite the redirect, should reference Helcaraxë explicitly. Thought I'd check if I'm missing something before making the change. [[User:Bunt|Bunt]] ([[User talk:Bunt|talk]]) 09:22, 30 July 2024 (UTC)

:Hi Bunt! Thank you so much for your contributions to TG, we're glad to have you here! This article is actually one of the special cases that deals with a concept only found in an early version of the legendarium, so the terms associated with that time period, such as "Noldoli" for the Elves that became the Noldor in later writings, are used in the main body of the article (the newer spelling Helcaraxë is referenced in Other versions of the legendarium). You'll see similar older spellings in other articles that deal with a concept from a specific portion of the legendarium, such as [[Bruithwir]]. It can get confusing at times, since a lot of the old spellings look like typos (at least to my eye) but it is actually quite intentional! --[[User:Grace18|Grace18]] ([[User talk:Grace18|talk]]) 13:18, 30 July 2024 (UTC)

Amon Hen

2024-06-26T21:29:49Z

Grace18: Added mention of height of Amon Hen

{{disambig-more|Amon Hen|[[Amon Hen (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Amon Hen
| image=Scott Peery - Amon Hen.jpg
| caption="Amon Hen" by Scott Peery
| pronun=
| othernames=Hill of Sight, Hill of the Eye
| location=[[Emyn Muil]], west bank of [[Nen Hithoel]] opposite [[Amon Lhaw]]
| type=Hill
| description=Fortified (later ruined) hill
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Breaking of the Fellowship]]
}}
'''Amon Hen''' was the westernmost of the three peaks at the southern end of [[Nen Hithoel]]; the others being [[Tol Brandir]] and [[Amon Lhaw]]. Atop Amon Hen was an ancient chair, the '''Seat of Seeing''', built within a great circular stone-paved court surrounded by a battlement, all of which was in ruins when visited by [[Frodo Baggins]]. At Amon Hen, Frodo saw visions far beyond what he would normally be able to see.<ref name="Amon"/>

==Description==
On its eastern side at the foot of the hill lay the lawn of [[Parth Galen]] and the western portion of the [[Anduin]] that flowed past [[Tol Brandir]]. Above Parth Galen the hill rose in gentle slopes to its flattened summit. Just to the south of the hill was the [[North Stair]].<ref name="Amon">{{FR|II10}}</ref> The western face of the hill was steeper than on the east.<ref>{{TT|III2}}</ref>

Upon Amon Hen were the remains of an ancient road that had dwindled to little more than a path. In places where the hill grew steep, stairs had been hewn, although over time they had become cracked, worn, and split by tree roots. The path wound through [[Rowans|rowan]] trees to the summit, where there was a wide flat circle paved with large stones and encircled with a ruined battlement. In the center of the circle was an ancient chair, the Seat of Seeing.<ref name="Amon"/>

The Seat of Seeing was an ancient chair built upon the summit of Amon Hen within a great circular stone-paved court surrounded by a battlement. By the time [[Frodo Baggins]] visited the Seat it lay in ruins. The high seat rested upon four carven pillars and could be reached by a stair of many steps.<ref name="Amon">{{FR|II10}}</ref>

Responding to a question from a reader, Tolkien wrote in a 1959 letter that he was unsure of the exact height of Amon Hen, but stated, "I doubt if it was much over 1,000 feet."<ref>{{HM|RC}}, entry "the summit of Amon Hen", p. 350. From Waterfield's Catalogue 157, ''Modern Literature'', 1995, item 427.</ref>

==History==
===Early History===
The high seat upon Amon Hen had been made in the days of the great kings, according to [[Aragorn]].<ref>{{FR|II9}}</ref> The high seat was built before the time of the [[Stewards of Gondor|Stewards]], which meant that when Frodo sat there it was at a minimum 969 years old. One likely possibility is that the Seat of Seeing was built at the same time as the [[Argonath]], which occurred after [[Rómendacil II|Minalcar]] defeated the [[Easterlings]] (in {{TA|1248}}) but before the end of his reign (he died in {{TA|1366}}).<ref>{{App|A}}</ref>

===Later History===
[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Boromir and Frodo on Amon Hen.jpg|thumb|''Boromir and Frodo on Amon Hen'' by [[Peter Xavier Price]]]]
On [[26 February]] {{TA|3019}}, after Frodo had fled from [[Boromir]] he came to the summit of the hill and, while still wearing [[the One Ring]], sat in the high seat. At first he saw little but mist and shadows, but soon he perceived many visions, soundless but filled with bright living images. The visions he saw stretched far beyond the normal range of sight (for instance, he saw the [[Ethir Anduin]], over 300 miles away and behind the [[White Mountains]]) and everywhere he looked he saw signs of war. His glimpse of [[Minas Tirith]] filled him with hope, which was crushed when he looked at [[Barad-dûr]].<ref name="Amon"/>

Frodo then became aware of the gaze of the [[Eye of Sauron|Eye]], which felt like a finger was trying to nail him down. He jumped out of the chair and cowered with his hood covering his head. At that moment from some other point of power came another thought: ''“Take it off! Take it off! Fool, take it off! Take off the Ring!”'' Balanced between Eye and Voice, Frodo regained his ability to choose and removed the Ring an instant before he was discovered. Frodo then realised what he must do, which was to go to [[Mordor]] alone, and he left the Seat of Seeing behind.<ref name="Amon"/> While searching for Frodo, [[Aragorn]] ran to the summit and sat on the chair.<ref>{{TT|III1}}</ref> Even though he was the heir of [[Isildur]] he saw no visions.

The identity of the Voice that strove against the Eye was later revealed when Aragorn, [[Gimli]], and [[Legolas]] first meet [[Gandalf|Gandalf the White]] in [[Fangorn Forest]]. Gandalf informs the others that the Ring was nearly revealed to [[Sauron]] but "''I sat in a high place, and I strove with the Dark Tower; and the Shadow passed''".<ref>{{TT|III5}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Amon Hen.mp3|Ardamir}}
The name is [[Sindarin]] and is usually translated as "'''Hill of Sight'''", but more literally "'''Hill of the Eye'''", from ''[[amon]]'' ("hill") and ''[[hen]]'' ("eye").<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 77</ref>

In his drafts, Tolkien first gave it the [[Quenya]] name '''''Tirmindon''''' ("Watchtower").<ref>{{TI|River}}, p. 364</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The scene at the Seat of Seeing is altered and condensed. Frodo, wearing the Ring, ran up a platform (no chair is seen) and the only vision he experienced was of Barad-dúr and the Eye. Confronted by the Eye and voice of Sauron, Frodo yanked off the Ring and fell off the platform. Unlike the book, he then met Aragorn and told Aragorn he must leave. The force of [[Uruk-hai]] from [[Saruman]] then arrived and Frodo fled while Aragorn, later joined by Legolas and Gimli, fought the orcs on the hilltop.

==See also==
*[[The Breaking of the Fellowship]] (chapter)
*[[Breaking of the Fellowship]] (event)
{{References}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Amon Hen]]
[[fi:Amon Hen]]

Kurúki

2024-06-26T05:03:04Z

Grace18: Style clean-up

__NOTOC__
{{infobox character
| name=Kurúki
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Magician
| location=In or near some [[Forest of Brethil|woods]]
| affiliation=[[:Category:Evil|Evil]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=Causing [[Nienor|Vainóni]] and [[Morwen|Tirannë]] to forget their names.
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| people=Unknown
| gender=Unclear
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Baneful drink
| steed=
}}
'''Kurúki''' was an evil magician in a preliminary sketch of the ''[[Turambar and the Foalókë|Tale of Turambar]]'',<ref>{{LT2|Index}}, entry "Kurúki"</ref> according to the early version of the [[legendarium]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''.

==History==
[[Nienóri|Vainóni]] and her mother [[Mavwin|Tirannë]] met with Kurúki and were given a baneful drink. This caused them to forget their names and wander distraught within the woods. Eventually, upon the death of the [[Glaurung|Foalókë]], the dragon lifted the veil that Kurúki had placed on Vainóni, causing her to flee through the woods and throw herself over a waterfall.<ref name="Kurúki">{{LT2|IIn}}, pp. 138-40</ref>

==Etymology==
The meaning of the name ''Kurúki'' is unclear, but it seems to contain the [[Qenya]] word ''[[kuru]]'' ("magic, wizardry").<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "[[Tolli Kuruvar]]"</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In later versions of ''[[Narn i Chîn Húrin (tale)|the tale of the Children of Húrin]]'', the character of Kurúki was discarded, and [[Glaurung]] took on the magician's former role of erasing [[Nienóri|Nienóri's]] memory in addition to his own role of breaking the spell of forgetfulness. Interestingly, [[Christopher Tolkien]] notes that it is probable that the outline fragment that Kurúki appears in may be a unique glimpse into a draft of the ''[[Turambar and the Foalókë|Tale of Turambar]]'' that predates even the erased text which many of the stories found within ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'' were written over.<ref name="Kurúki" />

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuruki}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Qenya names]]

User:Grace18/Discord

2024-06-24T16:53:26Z

Grace18: Created page with "natgrace"

natgrace

User:Grace18/Sandbox

2024-06-20T23:29:41Z

Grace18: Still playing around with this

Just a bunch of stuff I wish I had all in one place when I first joined. Not sure what to do with all this. I guess I'll leave it here?
:I love it! What do you think about adding it to [[Help:Contents]]? Maybe instead of the links at the top of the page, we can break your bullet points into sections, and each section heading can link to more details. I like the idea of a "hey, here's the basics you should know, if you want to dive further then click a link. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 20:42, 27 July 2022 (UTC)
::I'd be happy to add it somewhere if you think it would be useful! I went through and linked the different bullet points to where I got them from so I can find the original info later. Some of the stuff is just bits of advice I've seen in conversations and on talk pages, so I'm not sure where to link it.
::What sort of sections would you recommend breaking the bullet points into? I have them sort of divided here between general writing in articles, syntax, and general policy/advice, but the lines got blurry, and I'm not sure how to separate them out so they would be easy to navigate (what to do with plagiarism and canon?). Lots of things are scattered throughout the different help pages: some get repeated three times and some are only mentioned once. We should probably keep the main links at the top of [[Help:Contents]]: The MOS and Help pages have lots of details and specifics (for example, I didn't go over [[Tolkien Gateway:Naming policy|article naming]] or [[Tolkien Gateway:Image policy|image policies]], since they're more advanced/specific). This is more of a frequently used rules list that's easier to read through (with links to the details, of course). I would certainly be happy to see it put on the Help:Contents page :) But I have no clue how to organize it, lol. Feel free to edit it, I don't mind it being a group project! --[[User:Grace18|Grace18]] 21:22, 27 July 2022 (UTC)

[[Tolkien Gateway]] (TG) is always happy to welcome new contributors. Creating an account and reading over the [[TG:MOS|Manual of Style]] (MOS) are critical steps to familiarising yourself with the wiki and the community. Still, it may take some time to learn the ins and outs of TG. It is practically impossible to memorise the MOS after the first readthrough, and many tips and tricks are easy to miss, especially ones that are scattered throughout various Help pages. Obviously, the MOS and other policy pages are the authoritative sources of how TG functions, but here are a few useful highlights and commonly missed guidelines:

*'''[[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style#Terminology|Accents]]''': If the character's name has an accent, ''use the accent'' (e.g. Lúthien, not Luthien).

*'''[[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style#Plagiarism|Plagiarism]]''': As stated in the MOS: "Textual content should be written exclusively by Tolkien Gateway contributors. Text should not be copied verbatim or closely paraphrased from Wikipedia, The Encyclopedia of Arda, books, or other sources, and contributors should remove or rewrite any copied or closely paraphrased text they discover on Tolkien Gateway. Limited quotations of reliable sources are permissible so long as the quotations are surrounded by double quotation marks and followed by an inline citation."

*'''[[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style#Tense|Tense]]''': All articles that cover in-universe material must be written in the past tense. (e.g. "Gandalf was one of the five Istari", not "Gandalf is one of the five Istari".)

*'''[[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style#Terminology|Terminology]]''': There are lots of common Terminology slip-ups (Man/Mannish, not Human, Middle-earth, not Middle Earth, etc.). This is a critical section of the MOS, so read it closely.

*'''[[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style#Punctuation|Writing style]]''': Write formally, and avoid using contractions such as don't, can't, won't, would've, they'd. TG's [[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style#Language|policy is to write in British English]] using Oxford spelling. If you do not usually write in British English, try running your edits through a British spellchecker before posting them.

*'''TG words, terms, and acronyms''': [[Help:Glossary]] nicely lists out a lot of terms and acronyms you are likely to encounter, but here are a few common abbreviations you are likely to see and use in edit histories and talk pages and in the Discord server:
** TG – Tolkien Gateway
** HoME – ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series by [[Christopher Tolkien]]
** NoME – ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], edited by [[Carl F. Hostetter]]
** BoLT – ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'' (BoLT1 and BoLT2 for Book of Lost Tales 1 & 2 respectively)
** OVOTL – '''Other versions of the legendarium''', a common article section dealing with earlier drafts, disputed versions, etc.
Keep in mind that while abbreviations are handy on talk pages, everything in the actual article should be spelled out.

*'''[[Help:Editing|Basic syntax]]''': See [[Help:Editing]] for an excellent overview of the syntax you are likely to need while editing articles. Internal links to other TG pages are often included in articles. These are written using brackets: <nowiki>[[Bilbo Baggins]]</nowiki> links to [[Bilbo Baggins]].

*'''[[Help:References|References]]''': References are very important to any wiki. If you cannot support a statement with a reference from an appropriate source (see [[Tolkien Gateway:Reliable Sources]] and [[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style#References and notes]] for accepted sources), then do not include the statement in your edit. Tolkien Gateway uses reference templates to cite sources. Be sure to visit [[Help:References]] for a better explanation of how to do this, and click on any of the template links listed there for how to use each template properly. Some of the most commonly used templates are linked here:
**[[:Template:FR|''The Fellowship of the Ring'']]
**[[:Template:TT|''The Two Towers'']]
**[[:Template:RK|''The Return of the King'']]
**[[:Template:App|''The Lord of the Rings Appendices]]
**[[:Template:S|''The Silmarillion'']]
**[[:Template:LT1|''The Book of Lost Tales Part 1'']]
**[[:Template:LT2|''The Book of Lost Tales Part 2'']]
**[[:Template:UT|''Unfinished Tales'']]

:If you are adding references using Edit Source, use the following steps:
:Fill in the part of the template between the | and the }} with the chapter/section indicator.
:Example: To cite information from the section "Durin's Folk" in Appendix A of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Appendices]]'', you should use the template for the Appendices: [[:Template:App|<nowiki><ref>{{App|}}</ref></nowiki>]]. The [[:Template:App]] page indicates that the section indicator for Appendix A, "Durin's Folk" is ''Durin''. So the complete reference would be <nowiki><ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref></nowiki>

*'''Page numbers in references''': Not all sources should have page numbers included, and TG has a specific policy on how to include appropriate page numbers in citations. Please read [[Help:References#Page numbers]] and [[Help:References#Standards]] for the information you need to properly cite sources.

*'''[[Tolkien Gateway:Canon policy|Canon]]''': As summarised on the [[Tolkien Gateway:Canon policy]] page, "Tolkien Gateway editors should not judge what is canon and what is not. While the 'History' section of an article combines a more coherent narrative, the early or contradictory versions of the subject are discussed on 'Other versions of the legendarium' section. Only concepts not created by Tolkien (i.e. those created for adaptations) should be considered "non-canon". Template:Adaptation should be applied to these articles."

*'''Talk Pages''': Article talk pages are for discussing potential improvements to the article. For example: asking if a statement in the article is correct, requesting a main image change, or proposing a major rewrite. Talk pages are not intended for general questions or conversation. You must sign your posts on talk pages. You can do this by typing <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki>, which will automatically sign your username and the time stamp. Remember, always be polite and respectful on talk pages, even if you disagree with someone.

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*'''[[Special:ListGroupRights|Autoconfirmed Users]]''': In order to upload images and create and move pages, you must be an autoconfirmed user. To be autoconfirmed, you must have had an account for at least a week, and have at least 50 edits.

*'''[[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|Tolkien Gateway Administrators]]''': TG [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|Administrators]] (admins) are users with special permissions and responsibilities. They are familiar with the wiki and can be helpful in resolving disputes and questions. However, not all administrators are currently active. You can check [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] for which users have been active in the past few days.

*'''[[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]''': Recent changes is a great place to check regularly. It allows you to see what other users are doing, proofread new edits, and learn more about how the wiki functions. Clicking the "diff" link on an edit brings you to a page showing what the editor has changed. Patrolling Recent changes is also a great way to keep an eye out for vandals.

*'''Edit summaries''': When you edit, be sure to fill in the edit summary. It does not need to be long and wordy. Simply saying "Corrected typo", "Added references", or "Cleaned up History section" will often suffice. Do not mark edits as minor unless they are something very small and absolutely uncontroversial, like correcting a typo or adding an extra bracket to a link.

*'''Editing''': When you edit a page, be sure to click preview before you save it. This will show you how the article will look once you have submitted your change. It will help you find any errors, such as redlinks and reference errors. Do not make lots of microedits: if you plan to revise a page, try to do it in as few edits as possible. It is okay if you miss something and have to go back and correct a mistake, but you should not have 10 consecutive edits on one page changing little things.

*'''Ask for help''': If you are still confused about something even after reading the MOS and Help pages, feel free to politely contact an (active) admin on their talk page.

This is simply an introduction to the most common tips and guidelines. Tolkien Gateway provides lots of useful information for newcomers. Most of this can be found by going to [[Help:Contents]] and navigating through the different pages linked there. Welcome to Tolkien Gateway!

Help:Glossary

2024-06-19T23:49:23Z

Grace18: Added "legendarium" since it gets used a lot

This '''glossary''' provides a convenient reference for common words, terms, and acronyms that are used on [[Tolkien Gateway]]. If you find a word that isn't on the list, which you think should be, please add it.

<table class="noprint" style="border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; margin: 0 auto; padding: 5px; text-align: center;"><tr><th style="border: none; background: transparent; font-weight: bold;" class="plainlist">[[#0-9|0-9]]  [[#A|A]]  [[#B|B]]  [[#C|C]]  [[#D|D]]  [[#E|E]]  [[#F|F]]  [[#G|G]]  [[#H|H]]  [[#I|I]]  J  K  [[#L|L]]  [[#M|M]]  [[#N|N]]  [[#O|O]]  [[#P|P]]  Q  [[#R|R]]  [[#S|S]]  [[#T|T]]  [[#U|U]]  [[#V|V]]  [[#W|W]]  X  Y  Z  </th></tr></table>

__NOTOC__
==Common acronyms==
<div style="-moz-column-width: 400px; -webkit-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px; -moz-column-gap: 15px; -webkit-column-gap: 15px; column-gap: 15px; -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc; -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc; column-rule: 1px solid #cccccc;">
;BoLT/TBOLT
:''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''.

;CT/CJRT
:[[Christopher Tolkien]]

;HoMe/HOME
:''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''.

;JRRT
:[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]

;LR/LotR/TLOTR
:''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''

;NoMe/NOME
:''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]''.

;OVOTL
:"Other versions of the legendarium"; a common section within the articles.

;PE
:''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]''

;RoP
:[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The Rings of Power]] TV series

;UT
:''[[Unfinished Tales]]''

;VT
:''[[Vinyar Tengwar]]''
</div>

==0-9==
;+1
:A comment made to indicate agreement with the previous statement. Frequently used on [[#T|talk pages]].

==A==
;Admin, or Sysop, or Mod
:An [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators|administrator]]. Administrators are experienced editors of [[Tolkien Gateway]] who are able to exercise certain technical abilities (such as deleting pages) whilst also being responsible for various "housekeeping" chores on the wiki. They are always happy to help, so please [[Tolkien Gateway:administrators|get in touch with them]] if you feel that you need assistance. ''See: [[Tolkien Gateway:Administrators]].''

;Anon
:An anonymous user. As they don't have a username, their edits show up under their IP address.

;Article
:An encyclopaedia entry. All articles are pages, but not all pages are articles.

==B==
;Blanking
:Removing all of the content of an article. This differs from deletion, as the article link remains valid.

;Ban (also block)
:An action taken by an admin to prevent an IP or username from editing Tolkien Gateway. Usually exercised for spam or vandalism.

;Bot
:A controlled programme that makes automated or semi-automated edits to the wiki. ''See: [[Tolkien Gateway:Bots]]''

;Broken link
:''See [[#R|Redlink]].''

;Broken redirect
:A page that redirects to another page which doesn't exist. Broken redirects should be avoided at all costs.

;Bureaucrat
:An administrator who has the ability to modify user rights. ''See: [[Tolkien Gateway:Bureaucrats]].''

==C==
;[[Canon]]
:The [[legendarium]] as defined by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. Anything created by, for example, the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] would likely fall under the realms of [[#F|fanon]].

;Cat
:Short for category. Every article is put into one or more categories so they can be easily found by users; categories are always listed at the bottom of the page. For instance, this article is in [[:Category:Help]].

;Claimed
:An article that has been claimed by an editor means that they are temporarily working on an article and request that no one else edit it until they've finished their work. ''See [[:Category:Claimed]].''

;Cleanup
: ''See [[:Category:Cleanup]].''

==D==
;Dead-end page
:A page that contains no links to other pages.

;Del
:Short for "delete".

;Delink
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[[Category:Help]]

Ruling Queens of Númenor

2024-06-16T22:23:58Z

Grace18: Grammar

The '''Ruling Queens of Númenor''' were women who ruled the kingdom of [[Númenor]]. Of Númenor's twenty-five [[King of Númenor|rulers]], three were female.

==Laws of Succession==
{{Main|Law of Succession in Númenor}}
In the early days of Númenor, the custom (as there was no official law regarding succession) was that, once the King became too old to rule, he would surrender the [[Sceptre]] to his eldest son. If he had no son, the Kingship would pass instead to the nearest male relative of male descent of [[Elros Tar-Minyatur]]. Under this system it was impossible for a woman to become ruler of Númenor. In {{SA|892}}, [[Tar-Aldarion]] changed the system of succession to full agnatic primogeniture, in which the heir to the Kingship of Númenor would be the eldest child of the King or Queen regardless of gender.<ref name="Further">{{UT|Wife}}, ''The Further Course of the Narrative''</ref>
==History==
===Tar-Ancalimë===
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Ancalime in Emerie.jpeg|thumb|right|''Queen Ancalime the Princess Shepherdess'' by [[:Category:Images by Anke Eißmann|Anke Eißmann]]|200px]]
[[Tar-Ancalimë]] ({{SA|873}}-{{SA|1285|n}}) was the first Ruling Queen of Númenor.<ref name="ancalime">{{UT|5}}, entry ''VII Tar-Ancalimë''</ref> She was the only child of Tar-Aldarion, and under the old law the Sceptre would have passed to her cousin [[Soronto]].<ref name="aldarion" /> In {{SA|892}}, at the age of nineteen,<ref group="note">This was unusual as it had been previously customary for heir to be declared when he reached 100 years of age.</ref> she was declared the [[King's Heir]] by Tar-Aldarion, who changed the law to allow his daughter to rule.<ref name="Further" />

Under the new law, the Queen was forced to resign after a certain time if she remained unwed or without children. This law was later changed by Tar-Aldarion, although it is not known whether this was before or after she married. Despite lacking any interest in men or marriage, she wed [[Hallacar]] in {{SA|1000}}. There are several accounts of why this may have happened: in one story, she agreed to marry him due to his persistence and the urgings of the [[Council of the Sceptre|Council;]] in another, it was to spite her cousin Soronto, who had long desired the position of King, and who tried to use both the law that she must wed and that she must have children.<ref name="Further" />

Tar-Aldarion left her as Regent several times during his voyages.<ref name="Further" /> Tar-Ancalimë become Queen in {{SA|1075}}.<ref name="aldarion">{{UT|5}}, entry ''VI Tar-Aldarion''</ref> She reigned for 205 years, longer than any ruler after Elros; she surrendered the Sceptre in {{SA|1280}} to her son [[Tar-Anárion]], and died in {{SA|1285}}.<ref name="ancalime" />

After the death of her father, it is told that she neglected all her father's policies and gave no further aid to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]].<ref name="ancalime" />

===Tar-Telperiën===
[[File:Juliana Pinho - Tar-Telperien.png|thumb|right|''Tar-Telperien'' by [[:Category:Images by Shyangell|Shyangell]]|75px]]
[[Tar-Telperiën]] ({{SA|1320}}-{{SA|1731|n}}) was the second Queen of Númenor. She was the daughter of Tar-Súrion<ref group="note">Tar-Súrion had two older sisters and as such either could have been made Queen of Númenor but both refused (Something male heirs could not do, though they could resign and pass the Sceptre to their son immediately upon accession), so the Kingship went to Tar-Súrion.</ref> whose mother was the first Queen of Númenor, Tar-Ancalimë. She was the only Queen who also had a brother, but as she was older than him, under the new law she became the rightful ruler.<ref>{{UT|4a}}, note 8</ref> She ruled for 175 years from {{SA|1556|}} until her death at the age of 411. She chose not to marry and had no children, so the Kingship passed to [[Tar-Minastir]], the son of her brother [[Isilmo]].<ref>{{UT|5}}, entry ''X Tar-Telperien''</ref>

Notable events during her reign include the forging of the [[Rings of Power]] in {{SA|1600}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year ''c.'' 1600 of the Second Age</ref> the beginning of [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] in {{SA|1693}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1693 of the Second Age</ref> and, seven years later, an army being sent from Númenor to [[Lindon]] to aid the Elves and route the forces of [[Sauron]] at the [[Battle of the Gwathló]].<ref group="note">In other writings it is stated that the Númenórean fleet was sent by Tar-Minastir, however it arrived {{SA|1700}} which is during the reign of Tar-Telperiën. [[Christopher Tolkien]] was unable to account for the discrepancy.</ref><ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>
[[File:Juliana Pinho - Tar-Vanimelde.png|thumb|right|''Tar-Vanimeldë'' by [[:Category:Images by Juliana Pinho|Juliana Pinho]]|100px]]
===Tar-Vanimeldë===
[[Tar-Vanimeldë]] ({{SA|2277}}-{{SA|2637|n}}) was the third and final Queen of Númenor. She ruled for 111 years from {{SA|2526}} until her death.<ref name="vanimelde">{{UT|Kings}}, entry ''XVI Tar-Vanimeldë''</ref>

She gave little thought to ruling, caring more for music and dance, so during her reign the power was wielded more by her husband [[Tar-Anducal|Herucalmo]]. Upon her death the Kingship, under Númenórean law, should have gone to her son, [[Tar-Alcarin|Alcarin]], but Herucalmo, who took the royal name Tar-Anducal, refused to give up his power and ruled until his death in {{SA|2657}}, when the Kingship passed back to the rightful King.<ref name="vanimelde" />
===Tar-Míriel===
Upon the death of her father, [[Tar-Palantir]], in {{SA|3255}},<ref name="palantir" /> [[Tar-Míriel]] ({{SA|3117}}-{{SA|3319|n}}) should have been made the fourth Ruling Queen,<ref>{{UT|5}}, entry ''XXV Ar-Pharazôn (Tar-Calion)''</ref>but her cousin [[Ar-Pharazôn]] married her, against both her will and the laws of Númenor, and declared himself King.<ref name="palantir">{{UT|5}}, entry ''XXIV Tar-Palantir (Ar-Inziladûn)''</ref>
==See also==
*[[King of Númenor]]
*[[Queen of Númenor]]
{{references|note}}
{{numenorkings}}
{{numenor}}
[[category:Mannish titles]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]

Tar-Ancalimë

2024-06-16T22:11:20Z

Grace18: Grammar

{{numenorean infobox
| name=Tar-Ancalimë
| image=[[File:Sara M. Morello - Queen Ancalime the Princess Shepherdess.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Queen Ancalime the Princess Shepherdess" by [[:Category:Images by Sara M. Morello|Sara M. Morello]]
| pronun=
| othernames='''''Emerwen Aranel''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], "Princess Shepherdess")<ref name=Further>{{UT|Wife}}, ''The Further Course of the Narrative''</ref>
| titles=[[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Ruling Queen of Númenor]]
| position=
| location=[[Númenor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]]
| birth={{SA|873}}
| birthlocation=[[Armenelos]]
| rule={{SA|1075}} - {{SA|1280|n}} (205 years)<ref name=Tar-Ancalime/>
| death={{SA|1285}}<ref name=Tar-Ancalime/>
| deathlocation=
| age=412
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| parentage=[[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] and [[Erendis]]<ref name=Tar-Aldarion>{{UT|Kings}}, entry VI ''Tar-Aldarion''</ref>
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Hallacar]]<ref name=Tar-Ancalime/>
| children=[[Tar-Anárion|Anárion]]<ref name=Tar-Ancalime/>
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Tar-Ancalimë''' was the seventh ruler and first [[Ruling Queen of Númenor]]. Her reign lasted for 205 years, longest after that of [[Elros|Elros Tar-Minyatur]].<ref name="Tar-Ancalime" />

==History==
Tar-Ancalimë was born in {{SA|873}}<ref name="Tar-Ancalime">{{UT|Kings}}, entry VII ''Tar-Ancalimë''</ref> as the first and only child of the [[King's Heir]], [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] and his wife [[Erendis]].<ref name="Wife" />

When Ancalimë was four years old, her father Aldarion left his family to return to the sea, promising to return in two years. When he left, Erendis took Ancalimë from [[Armenelos]] to the [[White House of Erendis]] to be raised in the pastures of [[Emerië]]. Erendis, who already felt that her husband loved the sea more than her, grew bitter during the years he was gone. Ancalimë was educated by her mother. She learned the [[Númenórean Sindarin|Elven-tongue]] and that became her primary language, as Erendis disliked [[Adûnaic]], the language used by Aldarion. In reading scrolls and books, Ancalimë learned much of [[Númenor]] and its ancient history. Her only childhood companion was [[Zamîn]], a servant of her mother. Erendis had become bitter towards men and sought to feed her daughter with her own bitterness. Ancalimë encountered few men during her childhood; she saw no one save her mother and few servants, most of whom were female, and the few servants who were not lived at a homestead a distance away.<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref>

Her first encounter with a boy was in the summer of her seventh year, when a boy older than her came to the house on an errand from a distant farm. Noticing her staring at him, he offered her a loaf of bread. Zamîn saw him and told him to be off. After he left, Ancalimë asked Zamîn "What noisy thing was that?" Zamîn told her it was a boy. When Ancalimë asked if the boy had a father, Zamîn told her that the boy's father was one of the venturers who had gone with her father Aldarion. This was the first time she had heard anything of her father. She later asked her mother if it was true that Aldarion was her father, and when he would return, angering Erendis.<ref name="Wife" />

When Ancalimë was nine years old her father returned to Númenor. Ancalimë, who had not seen him for five years, had no memory of him. It was at this reunion that Aldarion first promised to make her his heir, despite the fact that this was not possible under the [[Law of Succession in Númenor#The old law|current law of succession]]. Aldarion then rode to Armenelos to meet with the King, [[Tar-Meneldur]], who announced he was resigning and passed the Sceptre to Aldarion. A few days later a letter from Tar-Meneldur arrived at Emerië, commanding that Erendis return to Armenelos and bring Ancalimë with her. Erendis refused to come but allowed Ancalimë to go.<ref name="Wife" />

Ancalimë's personality was similar to her mother's due to being raised primarily by her, but she also shared many traits with her father. Like her father, she was resolute and obstinate when it came to politics. She understood Aldarion's anger towards Erendis, but also believed her mother was correct in her treatment towards him when he returned. She shared in Erendis' dislike towards men, and had a dislike for marriage, especially obligatory marriage. She had something of her mother's coldness and sense of personal injury, but she was less prim than Erendis and liked jewels, music, admiration, and deference.<ref name="Further" />

Little is known of her life between the year her father returned and the year she became Queen, but it is said that she spent her days in both Emerië and Armenelos and Queen [[Almarian]] took a great liking to her, while she drifted apart from Erendis, whom she found irksome.<ref name="Further" />

In {{SA|892}}, Tar-Aldarion changed the [[Law of Succession in Númenor]], not just out of caring for his daughter but also for "reasons of private concern rather than policy" and out of his "long resolve to defeat Erendis". Under the new law the [[King's Heir]] would be the eldest child of the King or Queen regardless of gender. At just nineteen years old, Ancalimë was proclaimed the King's heir.<ref name="Further" />

She withdrew to the countryside, to a land near [[Emerië]] on the borders of the land of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]], rejecting all the many suitors who sought her royal hand. While she was dwelling in the sheep-lands of [[Númenor]] she acquired the title ''Emerwen Aranel'', which is [[Quenya]] for "Princess Shepherdess".<ref name="Further" />

Though she rejected her courting nobles, she grew close to a shepherd by the name of [[Mámandil]]. She could tell that he was beginning to fall for her, but she ignored his hinting until he openly declared his love for her. She withdrew and refused, saying that she could not marry him as she was the King's Heir. Mámandil simply laughed, and revealed that he was not a simple farmer but [[Hallacar]] son of Hallatan, of the [[Line of Elros]]. His deceit greatly angered her, and she again rejected him, stating that she did not wish to marry anybody, and especially not him.<ref name="Further" />

In the end, she did wed Hallacar in the year {{SA|1000}}, though not out of love. Several stories tell of her reasons for marrying him: in one, his persistence combined with the [[Council of the Sceptre|Council]]'s urgings convinced her; in another, her cousin [[Soronto]] tried to argue that she could not be made Queen under the law as she was unwed, so she married him to spite him; in a third, the law that the Queen must be married had been rescinded but she was still required to have children lest Soronto have claim to the [[Sceptre]] when she died. However, it was clear that she did not wish to be married, and so their marriage was an unhappy one.<ref name="Further" />

Ancalimë had forbidden her serving-women to marry, but Hallacar arranged their weddings and a wedding feast at his house in Emerië in secret and invited Ancalimë. When Ancalimë arrived with her serving-women and learned the true nature of the feast, she was furious and refused to attend. It was too far for her to ride back alone, so she listened to the laughter of the feast from her chamber alone, imagining it to be mockery directed at her. Afterwards, Ancalimë hated Hallacar.<ref name="Further" />

She became the first Ruling Queen of Númenor in {{SA|1075}}. Her father died in {{SA|1098}} and afterward she neglected the policies of her father and no longer provided help to [[Gil-Galad]] in [[Lindon]].<ref name="Further" /> In {{SA|1280}} she surrendered the throne to her son [[Tar-Anárion]]. She died in {{SA|1285}}, at the age of 412 years.<ref name="Tar-Ancalime" />

==Etymology==
''Ancalimë'' (pron. {{IPA|[aŋˈkalime]}}) is a [[Quenya]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it means "Brightest" as a feminised form of ''ancalima'' ("brightest"),<ref>{{L|297}} paragraph about the name ''Eärendil''</ref> which consists of the superlative or intensive prefix ''[[an-]]'' and the element ''[[kalima|calima]]'' ("bright").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-4264019753.html|articlename=Q. ''Ancalimë'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=22 December 2021}}</ref> It is possible that her parents gave her this name, because she was beautiful even from birth.<ref name="Wife" /> Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal names in Quenya, Ancalimë added the prefix ''tar-'' ("high") to her name when she received the [[Sceptre of Númenor|Sceptre]].<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, first paragraph and entry I to XXV</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | VAR | | | | | | | |VAR=[[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] ''{{SA|61}} - {{SA|471|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | AMA | | | | | | | | | | | | NOL |AMA=[[Tar-Amandil]] ''{{SA|192|n}} - {{SA|603|n}}''|NOL=[[Nolondil]] ''b. {{SA|222|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | | | | | | | | AXA |ELE=[[Tar-Elendil]] ''{{SA|350|n}} - {{SA|751|n}}''|AXA=[[Axantur]] ''b. {{SA|395|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | BER |y| NUN | | MEN |y| ALM | | | | | | | | CEM |BER=[[Beregar]] ''unknown''|NUN=[[Núneth]] ''unknown''|MEN=[[Tar-Meneldur]] ''{{SA|543|n}} - {{SA|942|n}}''|ALM=[[Almarian]] ''unknown''|CEM=[[Cemendur (son of Axantur)|Cemendur]] ''b. {{SA|575|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | ERE |y| ALD | | AIL |y| ORC | | ALM | | HAL |ERE=[[Erendis]] ''{{SA|771|n}} - {{SA|985|n}}''|ALD=[[Tar-Aldarion]] ''{{SA|700|n}} - {{SA|1098|n}}''|AIL=[[Ailinel]] ''b. {{SA|712|n}}''|ORC=[[Orchaldor]] ''unknown''|ALM=[[Almiel]] ''b. {{SA|729|n}}''|HAL=[[Hallatan]] ''b. {{SA|711|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | SOR | | | | | | | | |!| |SOR=[[Soronto]] ''b. {{SA|799|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | ANC |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|~|~|~|~| HAL |ANC='''TAR-ANCALIMË''' ''{{SA|873|n}} - {{SA|1285|n}}''|HAL=[[Hallacar]] ''{{SA|852|n}} - {{SA|1211|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ANA | | | | | | | | | |ANA=[[Tar-Anárion]] ''{{SA|1003|n}} - {{SA|1404|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | TWO | | SUR | | | | | | | |TWO=''Two daughters'' ''unknown''|SUR=[[Tar-Súrion]] ''{{SA|1174|n}} - {{SA|1574|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{References}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=numenorean
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| born={{SA|873}}
| died={{SA|1285}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Tar-Aldarion]]
| list=7th [[King of Númenor|Ruler]]/1st [[Ruling Queen of Númenor]]
| dates={{SA|1075}} - {{SA|1280|n}}
| next=[[Tar-Anárion]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{numenorkings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:TarAncalime}}
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Númenóreans]]
[[de:Tar-Ancalimë]]
[[fi:Tar-Ancalimë]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/tar-ancalime]]

Tar-Telperiën

2024-06-16T21:38:20Z

Grace18: Grammar tweaks

{{numenorean infobox
| name=Tar-Telperiën
| image=[[File:Shyangell - Tar-Telperien.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Tar-Telperien" by [[:Category:Images by Shyangell|Shyangell]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Ruling Queen of Númenor]]
| position=
| location=[[Númenor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]]
| birth={{SA|1320}}<ref name=Tar-Telperien>{{UT|Kings}}entry X ''Tar-Telperien''</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule={{SA|1556}} - {{SA|1731|n}} (175 years)<ref name=Tar-Telperien/>
| death={{SA|1731}}<ref name=Tar-Telperien/>
| deathlocation=
| age=411
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| parentage=[[Tar-Súrion]]<ref name=Tar-Telperien/>
| siblings=[[Isilmo]]<ref name=Tar-Telperien/>
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Tar-Telperiën''' was the tenth monarch of [[Númenor]] and its second [[Ruling Queen of Númenor|Ruling Queen]]. She was the eldest child of [[Tar-Súrion]].<ref name="Tar-Telperien" />

During her rule in Númenor, momentous events took place in [[Middle-earth]]: in {{SA|1600}} the [[Rings of Power]] were forged,<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year ''c.'' 1600 of the Second Age</ref> in {{SA|1693}} the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] began,<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1693 of the Second Age</ref> and in {{SA|1700}} a great navy from Númenor was sent to [[Lindon]]<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1700 of the Second Age</ref> to aid the Elves and utterly routed the forces of [[Sauron]] at the [[Battle of the Gwathló]].<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

Tar-Telperiën refused to wed, and so died without an heir. She was long-lived even for one of [[Elros]]' line, and appeared to be reluctant to give up her power: unlike all the rulers of Númenor before her, she did not surrender the [[Sceptre]] to her successor a few years before her death, but instead waited until just prior to it.<ref name="Tar-Telperien" />

Tar-Telperiën's nephew Minastir, the son of her younger brother [[Isilmo]], succeeded her and ruled as [[Tar-Minastir]].<ref name="Tar-Telperien" />

==Etymology==
''Telperien'' is a [[Quenya]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it could mean "Silver-daughter" as a compound of ''telpë'' ("silver") and the feminine suffix ''[[-ien]]'' ("-daughter"); though it could also be a feminised form of [[Telperion]], the name of the White Tree of [[Valinor]].<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3185842677.html|articlename=Q. ''Telperien'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=22 December 2021}}</ref> Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal names in Quenya, Telperien added the prefix ''tar-'' ("high") to her name when she received the [[Sceptre of Númenor|Sceptre]].<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, first paragraph and entry I to XXV</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | ANA | | | | |ANA=[[Tar-Anárion]] ''{{SA|1003|n}} - {{SA|1404|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree | TWO | | SUR | | |TWO=''Two daughters'' ''unknown''|SUR=[[Tar-Súrion]] ''{{SA|1174|n}} - {{SA|1574|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | TEL | | ISI |TEL='''TAR-TELPERIËN''' ''{{SA|1320|n}} - {{SA|1731|n}}''|ISI=[[Isilmo]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | MIN |MIN=[[Tar-Minastir]] ''{{SA|1474|n}} - {{SA|1873|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | CIR |CIR=[[Tar-Ciryatan]] ''{{SA|1634|n}} - {{SA|2035|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=numenorean
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| born={{SA|1320}}
| died={{SA|1731}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Tar-Súrion]]
| list=10th [[King of Númenor|Ruler]]/2nd [[Ruling Queen of Númenor]]
| dates={{SA|1556}} - {{SA|1731|n}}
| next=[[Tar-Minastir]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{numenorkings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:TarTelperien}}
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Númenóreans]]
[[de:Tar-Telperien]]
[[fi:Tar-Telperien]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/tar-telperien]]

Roheryn

2024-06-16T02:46:32Z

Grace18: Added source

{{other infobox
| name=Roheryn
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Roheryn.jpg|250px]]
| caption=Roheryn in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Arnor]], [[Gondor]]
| affiliation=[[Aragorn]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| race=[[Horses|Horse]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Roheryn''' was the [[Horses|horse]] of [[Aragorn]], brought to him out of the north by the [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] during the [[War of the Ring]],<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref> and said to have been a gift from the lady [[Arwen|Arwen Evenstar]]<ref name=Appendix>{{S|Appendix}}</ref>.
==Etymology==
''Roheryn'' is a [[Númenórean Sindarin]] name, softened from the pure [[Sindarin]] ''Rocheryn'', meaning "Steed of the Lady".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 97-8</ref> The first element in ''Ro(c)heryn'' is ''[[Horses#Names|roch]]'' ("horse"), the second ''heryn'' ("lady").<ref name=Appendix/>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Roheryn can be found by the stables in [[Rivendell]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Horses]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Roheryn]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/animaux/chevaux/roheryn]]
[[fi:Roheryn]]