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Akallabêth

2015-02-14T17:28:09Z

Hurin Thalion: linkfix

{{silmarillion-chapters}}
The '''''Akallabêth''''' is the story of the destruction of the realm of [[Númenor]]. It tells how the [[Númenóreans]], the descendants of those [[Men]] who aided the [[Elves]] in their fight against [[Morgoth]] during the [[First Age]], turned by degrees against the [[Valar]] and the [[Eldar]] and were ultimately destroyed by [[Sauron]]. The ''Akallabêth'' was written by [[Elendil]] near the end of the [[Second Age]].

==Synopsis==
At the end of the [[First Age]], the [[Dúnedain]], who alone among the race of [[Men]] were loyal defenders of the [[Elves]] during their war against [[Morgoth]], were given a new land of their own in reward for their efforts, free from the troubles and sadness of [[Middle-earth]]. It was located in the middle of the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]], between the western shores of Middle-earth and the eastern shores of [[Aman]], where the [[Valar]] lived.

The Men of Númenor were forbidden by the Valar to sail westward so far that they could no longer see the island—"the Ban of the Valar", as it became known. As a result, the majority of their voyaging was eastward and in time they returned to the shores of Middle-Earth. For two thousand years Númenor grew in bliss. [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ships sailed the seas and established remote colonies in Middle-earth. During that time, the Elves of Middle-earth were engaged in a bitter fight with [[Morgoth]]'s former servant [[Sauron]], who had turned into a [[Dark Lord]] himself. [[Gil-galad]] asked for the help of the Númenóreans, and they agreed. King [[Tar-Minastir]] sent an army to the aid of the Elves and its timely arrival ensured victory over Sauron.

===The Beginning of Discontent===
But having tasted the power of conquest and victory in arms, it was only a matter of time before the Númenóreans made settlements of their own in Middle-earth. Many began to speak openly of their envy of the Eldar's immortality and in defiance of the Ban. It appeared to the Valar that the shadow of Morgoth had returned to plague their hearts. Emissaries of the Valar came to Númenor, seeking to remind them that death was not given as a punishment. But the people of Númenor became split between the [[King's Men]]—those loyal to the King and prone to oppose the restraints upon Númenor, and the [[Faithful]]—those who remained true to their friendship with the Eldar and loyalty to the Valar. As time went on, Númenor continued to grow in wealth and might, yet somehow its people's bliss was diminished.

After the defeat of Sauron halfway through the [[Second Age]] he retreated to the security of [[Barad-dûr]] as his hatred of Númenor grew. As the Númenóreans established colonies along the shores of Middle-earth Sauron eventually assailed them. By the time of the last King of Númenor, [[Ar-Pharazôn]], Sauron had staked his claim on the title of King of Men. Ar-Phârazôn became angry with Sauron's attacks against his people, and furthermore wanted to claim the title "King of Men" for himself. He came with a great host to the shores of Middle-earth at [[Umbar]] and bade Sauron to come before him and bow to the might of the King. Sauron, to the surprise of many, did as he was asked. But the King was not content with his show of obedience, and brought Sauron back to Númenor as a hostage.

===The Influence of Sauron===
Sauron gave the impression that this was against his will, but in truth it was exactly what he wanted. Sauron exploited his power to corrupt the Númenórean King to his will. Soon he became his advisor, and most of the King's Men obeyed his will and worshipped Morgoth. Sauron convinced the King to assail Aman in order to gain immortality, desiring to destroy Númenor with the wrath of the Valar. However, as this was done, the Valar appealed to [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]].

===The Downfall of Númenor===
[[Image:Darrell Sweet - The Fall of Numenor.jpg|thumb|250px|''The [[Downfall of Númenor|Fall]] of [[Númenor]]'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]
Eru destroyed the army of Ar-Pharazôn that had landed on Aman by crushing it under stones; however, he also caused the whole of Númenor to sink under the Great Sea. [[Arda]] was made spherical at this time, and Aman was put beyond it, out of the reach of mortal Men. Just a few people still uncorrupted by Sauron managed to escape the catastrophe; they fled Númenor by ship, carrying some gifts that the Dúnedain had received from the Valar and the Elves in times of peace. This group of Faithful Númenóreans was led by [[Elendil]] the Tall and his two sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]].

They landed in Middle-earth, where the followers of Elendil established two kingdoms which came to be known as as the realms of Exile: [[Gondor]] in the south, and [[Arnor]] in the north. Some of the King's Men, enemies of Elendil, who were in Middle-earth at the time of the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]] established other realms in exile to the south; of these the Haven of Umbar was the chief. The culture of Númenor became the dominant culture of Middle-earth (thus, [[Westron]], a descendant of the [[Adûnaic]] language of Númenor, became the [[Westron|Common Speech]]). The sadness and the shock from the loss of their island home always remained in the hearts of Kings of Númenórean descent. And they were dismayed to discover that Sauron, although greatly diminished and bereft of shape, had survived the Downfall and returned to Middle-earth to continue troubling its inhabitants.

==Legacy==
The study of Númenor's history was suppressed in the realms of Exile because it was seen as a vain pursuit, "breeding only useless regret". Only one story from the former home of the Dúnedain remained generally known: the cautionary tale of the pride of Ar-Pharazôn and his "impious armada", which corresponds to the last half of the ''Akallabêth''.

==Etymology==
''Akallabêth'' is an Adûnaic word meaning "She that hath Fallen" (from the verb ''[[kalab]]'', meaning 'fall down'). The Quenya translation of this word is ''[[Atalantë]]'', derived from the verbal stem ''[[talat]]''.

Akallabêth/Atalantë was also a general name for the island of Númenor after its Downfall. The Exiles became reluctant to speak of the land by any other name, or indeed much at all; but at times "they turned towards the West in the desire of their hearts" and remembered Akallabêth, their former home

==Inspiration==
As the word ''Atalantë'' makes obvious, Númenor is a retelling of the story of [[Atlantis]] in the setting of [[Arda]]. Even so, as Tolkien himself noted, the Quenya root TALÁT 'slope, sliding' dated back to c. [[1918]], well before he invented the legend of Númenor. The similarities of "talat" and "Atlantis" are a convenient coincidence.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The story originated with ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings|The Lost Road]]'', an abandoned time-travel novel. ''The Lost Road'', and the supporting legends Tolkien devised at the same time (which are the true germ of the ''Akallabêth'' itself), was written in the mid-to-late thirties. Tolkien abandoned ''The Lost Road'' before writing much of it, but he began to develop the tale of Númenor's Downfall further when writing ''[[The Notion Club Papers]]'' in the 1940s. At this time he made two traditions concerning Númenor's history, each with its own retelling of the Downfall: ''[[The Fall of Númenor]]'', a more Elvish version, and a "Mannish" form, ''[[The Drowning of Anadûnê]]''. These texts can be found in Volume IX of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[Sauron Defeated]]''.

Tolkien's final revisions of the ''Akallabêth'' were published in the last volume of ''The History of Middle-earth'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''. It was from this version that [[Christopher Tolkien]] got the document that he published in ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. Since the latest version of the ''Akallabêth'' contained references to [[Ælfwine]], Christopher Tolkien had to edit it somewhat and remove them, since he believed that Ælfwine did not fit in his father's later conception of the Elder Days "tradition".

==See also==
* [[Númenor]]
* [[Númenóreans]]
* [[Dúnedain]]
* [[Sauron]]
* [[Ar-Pharazôn]]
* [[Great Armament]]
* [[Tar-Míriel]]
* [[Amandil (Lord of Andúnië)]]
* [[Elendil]]
* [[Isildur]]
* [[Second Age]]

==External Links==
* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/num-intro.htm Westernesse], an attempt by [[Helge Fauskanger]] to show how the ''Akallabêth'' could be adapted as a prequel to [[Peter Jackson]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|The Hobbit]]'' movies.
{{silmarillion}}
[[Category:Books and documents within the legendarium]]
[[Category:Númenor]]
[[Category:The Silmarillion chapters]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Akallabeth}}
[[de:Akallabêth (Schriftstück)]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/iles/akallabeth]]
[[fi:Akallabêth]]

Lembas

2013-08-18T12:04:46Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{disambig-two|the food|journal of [[Unquendor]]|[[Lembas (journal)|Lembas]]}}
{{quote|Lembas, [[Elvish]] waybread. One small bite is enough to fill the stomach of a grown man.|[[Legolas]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''}}
[[Image:John Howe - Lembas.jpg|thumb|''Lembas'' by [[John Howe]].]]
'''Lembas''', translated as '''waybread''' in the [[Westron|Common Speech]], was a special food made by the [[Elves]].

==History==
Lembas was made first by [[Yavanna]] from special [[corn]] that grew in [[Aman]], and [[Oromë]] gave it to the Elves of the [[Great Journey]]. For this reason, it was an Elven custom that only women should make lembas; they were called [[Yavannildi]] who knew the secret of its recipe. Also, the custom requested that only an Elven Queen should keep and distribute the lembas, for this reason she was called also [[massánië]] or [[besain]].<ref name="PM">{{PM|Lembas}}</ref>

Only on rare occasions was it given to non-Elves, because it was believed that mortals who ate it would become wary of their mortality and would desire to live among the Elves.<ref name="PM"/>

The corn itself was an enduring plant that needed but a little sunlight to ripen and could be sown at any season and then sprouted and grew swiftly. Yet it was prone to north winds, while [[Morgoth]] dwelt there. The Eldar grew it in guarded lands and sunlit glades. The ears were harvested without scythe or sickle but each one was gathered by hands and the white stalks were drawn from the earth and used to weave baskets in which the grain was stored.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Lembas}}</ref>
[[Image:Alan Lee - Lembas.jpg|thumb|left|''Lembas'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
[[Melian]], as the queen of [[Doriath]], was one who held this recipe from Yavanna. By giving lembas to [[Beleg]] for [[Túrin]]<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref>, she showed great favor because never before lembas was given to a Man and seldom it was again. Later it was passed to [[Galadriel]] and other [[Elves]].

The [[Galadhrim]] had a large store of Lembas in [[Lothlórien]]. Galadriel gave some of it to the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] upon their departure. [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] subsisted on it through the majority of their journey from there into [[Mordor]].<ref>{{HM|FR}}</ref>

==Description==
The cakes were very nutritious, stayed fresh for months when wrapped in leaves, and were used for sustenance on long journeys. Lembas had a brownish colour on the outside and a cream colour on the inside.

According to [[Gimli]] it was similar to [[Cram]], although one of the [[Galadhrim|Elves of Lothlórien]] commented that it was more pleasant, and more strengthening than any food by [[Men]].<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>

Like other products of the Elves, it was offensive to evil creatures; [[Gollum]] refused outright to eat of it.<ref>{{HM|TT}}</ref>

==Etymology and Names==
'''Lembas''' is Sindarin and derived from the older ''lenn-mbass'' which means "journey-bread". As a rough translation of this term it was also often called ''Waybread''.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Lembas}}</ref>

The [[Quenya]] word for lembas is ''coimas'' which means ''life-bread''.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Lembas}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
Tolkien most likely based lembas on bread known as ''hard tack'' that was used during long sea voyages and military campaigns as a primary foodstuff. It was little more than flour and water which had been baked hard and would keep for months as long as it was kept dry.{{fact}}

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
In [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], the redundant term "lembas bread" is occasionally used as the gift of lembas at Lothlórien is not included in the theatrical release of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. The term "lembas bread" was probably chosen in order to immediately identify the substance to filmgoers at the beginning of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]''.

{{references}}
[[Category:Food]]

[[de:Lembas]]
[[fr:encyclo/divers/lembas]]
[[fi:Lembas]]

Martin Freeman

2012-12-17T12:12:32Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{expansion}}{{actor
| image=[[File:New Line Cinema - Martin Freeman.jpg|250px]]
| name=Martin Freeman
| lifetime=[[8 September|September 8]], [[1971]]
| played=[[Bilbo Baggins]]
| film=[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
| played2=
| film2=
| imdb=[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0293509/ Profile]
}}
{{quote|Despite the various rumors and speculation surround this role, there has only ever been one Bilbo Baggins for us|[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="Announcement">[http://www.deadline.com Deadline], "[http://www.deadline.com/2010/10/peter-jackson-sets-first-names-for-the-hobbit/ Peter Jackson Sets First Names For 'The Hobbit']", 21 October 2010 (accessed 23 October 2010)</ref>}}
'''Martin Freeman''' will be playing the role of [[Bilbo Baggins]] in the [[2012]] film, ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|The Hobbit]]''.<ref name="Announcement" /> The role was previously played by [[Ian Holm]] in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' films]].

==Casting==
As far back as [[2007]] rumors were circulating by fans that Freeman would be an ideal candidate.<ref name="MTV">[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/ MTV Movies Blog], "[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2007/09/17/will-martin-freeman-hitch-a-ride-to-the-hobbit/ Will Martin Freeman Hitch A Ride To 'The Hobbit'?]", 17 September 2007 (accessed 23 October 2010)</ref> On [[11 October|October 11]], [[2010]] Freeman confirmed he had to turn down the role due to scheduling conflicts,<ref name="Empire">[http://www.empireonline.com Empire], "[http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=29175 Martin Freeman Talks The Hobbit]", 11 October 2010 (accessed 23 October 2010)</ref> however he was officially announced for the role on [[21 October|October 21]], 2010.<ref name="Wired">[http://www.wired.com Wired], "[http://www.wired.com/underwire/2010/10/hobbit-bilbo ''Hobbit'' Movies Get Their Bilbo: Martin Freeman]", 22 October 2010 (accessed 23 October 2010)</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Freeman, Martin}}
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[de:Martin Freeman]]
[[fi:Martin Freeman]]

Fens of Sirion

2012-08-08T19:22:35Z

Hurin Thalion: iw edit

The '''Fens of Sirion''' were the fens and marshes that formed around the lakes of [[Aelin-uial]] on the River [[Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> [[Beren]] passed through the Fens when he departed from [[Doriath]] on the beginning of his quest to win a [[Silmaril]].<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[category:Swamps]]
[[category:Beleriand]]
[[de:Sirion-Sümpfe]]
[[fi:Sirionin Suo]]

Ondoher

2012-07-24T14:30:48Z

Hurin Thalion: typo

{{gondorian infobox
| image=
| name=Ondoher
| othernames=
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| position=
| realm=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|1787}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|1936}} - {{TA|1944|n}} (8 years)
| death={{TA|1944}}
| deathlocation=[[Disaster of the Morannon]]
| age=157
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]
| siblings=Unnamed sister
| spouse=
| children=[[Artamir]], [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]] and [[Fíriel]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ondoher''' ({{TA|1787}}<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> – {{TA|1944|n}},<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> aged 157 years) was the thirty-first [[King of Gondor]].

==History==
===Renewing Old Ties===
Ondoher became King in {{TA|1936}} upon the death of his father, [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]].<ref name="South"/> During his reign, and that of [[Araphant]] of [[Arthedain]], the long-estranged kingdoms of the [[Dúnedain]] took counsel again, for they finally perceived that some single will and power was coordinating the multiple assaults upon their kingdoms. In a sign of their renewed relationship, Ondoher's daughter [[Fíriel]] married Prince [[Arvedui]] of [[Arthedain]] in {{TA|1940|n}}.<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

However, neither kingdom could aid the other when new evils set upon them - in the North [[Angmar]] attacked Arthedain while in the South the [[Wainriders]] struck in great force. Ondoher was not taken unaware by the renewed assault for [[Forthwini]] of [[Éothéod]] had informed the King that the Wainriders had recovered from their fears and weaknesses. Ondoher also learned that Gondor's southern enemies were preparing to attack. He raised as great an army as he could to meet the double threat.

Ondoher divided his strength into two armies, assigning the smaller [[Southern Army]] to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], a member of the Royal House descended from King [[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar]]. This army was based at [[Pelargir]] while Ondoher took command of the larger [[Northern Army]] himself, which included his elder son [[Artamir]]. This arrangement was acceptable provided that an undisputed heir to the throne was left behind, in this case Ondoher's younger son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]].

===The Deaths of Ondoher and His Sons===
In {{TA|1944}} the enemies of [[Gondor]] made a double assault: First the [[Haradrim]] invaded from the south and then a few days later word came of the [[Wainriders]] invading from the east. While Ëarnil moved to deal with the southern incursion the northern army headed north through [[Ithilien]], planning to deploy upon the [[Dagorlad]]. Unfortunately, the Wainriders moved faster than expected along the outskirts of the [[Ered Lithui]] and struck the head of Gondor's army before any defensive dispositions had been made. Swiftly the enemy's chariots and horsemen overwhelmed the King's Guard, killing both Ondoher and Artamir.

King Ondoher's sister-son, [[Minohtar]] attempted to stem the onslaught of the Wainriders. During the rout the [[leader of the Éothéod]] brought to Minohtar the body of Faramir, who had disguised himself in order to fight with a party of the Éothéod. Soon Minohtar himself slain as the enemy poured into northern Ithilien.

==Selecting the Next King==
The suddenness of their victory was the Wainriders' undoing. Unbeknownst to them Eärnil had crushed the [[Haradrim]] and was racing north to aid the northern army. His attack upon the feasting Wainriders, later known as the [[Battle of the Camp]], defeated the Wainriders and sent them reeling back into the East.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

With King Ondoher and both of his male heirs dead, Arvedui of Arthedain sought the throne of Gondor. Arvedui put forth two arguments in support of his claim: First, he was the direct descendant of [[Isildur]], whom Arvedui said had never relinquished his royalty in Gondor. Second, his wife [[Fíriel]] was King Ondoher's daughter and by the ancient [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] law the sceptre should have been hers. But Arvedui's claim was rejected by the Steward [[Pelendur]] and the Council of Gondor. The crown was granted to the victorious general Eärnil, of the royal [[House of Anárion]] who took the crown as King [[Eärnil II]].<ref name="Gondor"/>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | |TLU| | | | | | | | |TLU=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar]] Umbardacil}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | | |NAR| | | | | | | | | | | | | |ARC|NAR=[[Narmacil II]]|ARC=[[Arciryas]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree| | | | |CAL| | | | | | | | | | | | | |CMM|CAL=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]|CMM=[[Calimmacil]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree| | | | |OND| | | | | |ARA| |SIS| |SIR|OND='''ONDOHER''' †|ARA=[[Araphant]]|SIS=Sister|SIR=[[Siriondil (son of Calimmacil)|Siriondil]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree|ART| |FAR| |FIR|~|ARV| |MIN| |EAR|ART=[[Artamir]] †|FAR=[[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]] †|FIR=[[Fíriel]]|ARV=[[Arvedui]]|MIN=[[Minohtar]] †|EAR=[[Eärnil II]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Etymology ==
Ondoher means "Stone Lord" in [[Quenya]] (from ''[[ondo]]'' = "stone" and ''[[hér]]'' = "lord"), in reference to Gondor, the "Stone Land".

The name "Ondoher" was spelled as ''Ondohir'' in early manuscripts, changed to ''Ondonir'' in a later manuscript, reverted to ''Ondohir'' in the first edition of ''[[The Return of the King]]'', and finally became ''Ondoher'' in the second edition.<ref name="Elendil"/>

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]
| list=31st [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|1936}} - {{TA|1944|n}}
| nvac=Vacant
| next=Next held by: [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], 1 year later
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[de:Ondoher]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/ondoher]]
[[fi:Ondoher]]

Imlach

2012-07-22T09:27:05Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

__NOTOC__
{{Edain infobox
| image=
| name=Imlach
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| realm=
| affiliation=
| language=[[Mannish]] dialect
| birth={{FA|310}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| house=[[House of Hador|House of Marach]]
| parentage=[[Marach]]
| siblings=[[Malach]]
| spouse=
| children=[[Amlach]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Imlach''' (born {{FA|310}}) was a son of [[Marach]], founder of the [[House of Hador|House of Marach]], and the younger brother of [[Malach|Malach Aradan]].<ref name="Hador">{{WJ|West}}, ''Commentary, (ii) The House of Hador''</ref> History records almost nothing about his life, except that his son [[Amlach]] was among the leaders of dissent at [[Estolad]].<ref>{{S|West}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |MAR| | |MAR=[[Marach]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |ZIM|y|MAL| |IML|ZIM=[[Zimrahin]] (Meldis)|MAL=[[Malach]] (Aradan)|IML='''IMLACH'''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |ADA| |MAG| |AML|ADA=[[Adanel]]|MAG=[[Magor]]|AML=[[Amlach]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In an earlier version of the 'Folk of Marach' family tree, Imlach's name was given as ''Imrach''.<ref name="Hador"/>
{{References}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[de:Imlach]]

Imin

2012-07-22T09:15:12Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{expansion}}
'''Imin''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈimin]}}) was the first [[Elves|Elf]] who [[Awakening of the Elves|awoke]] at [[Cuiviénen]] and one of the three [[Elf-fathers]]. His [[Wives of the Elf-Fathers|spouse]] was [[Iminyë]].

Imin wandered with the two other Fathers [[Tata]] and [[Enel]] until they found a group of 12 sleeping Elves which he took with him. The Clan was named after him [[Minyar]], the "Firsts".

In the [[Cuivienyarna]], Imin is portrayed as arrogant, grace to him being the first Elf to awake. In the process he is seen to be seeking more Elven followers for his clan, and lastly being left with the fewest.

Thereafter, he refused to take the other Elves that they found, hoping to find some group largers than the ones claimed by the other Fathers. However, despite his expectations they found none other and his clan remained with only 14 members.

The clan was later named [[Vanyar]].<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 380-1</ref>

{{References}}
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[de:Imin]]

Tata

2012-07-22T09:14:18Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{disambig-two|an [[Elves|Elf]]|[[Elvish]] word|[[tata (Elvish)]]}}
'''Tata''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈtata]}}) was the second of the three [[Elf-fathers]] who awoke at [[Cuiviénen]] after [[Imin]]. His spouse was [[Tatië]].

When the three Fathers walked, Tata, as the second to wake, took the second group of 18 Elves he found. He also took the fourth group of 36 Elves, because Imin refused, expecting an even greater group, so he gathered 56 followers.

He became the head of the Clan named after him [[Tatyar]], the "Seconds".<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 380-1</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Tatyar]]
[[de:Tata]]

Iminyë

2012-07-22T09:12:07Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

'''Iminyë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈimiɲe]}}) was the first [[Wives of the Elf-Fathers|spouse]] to the [[Elf-fathers]] to be [[Awakening of the Elves|awakened]] at the bay of [[Cuiviénen]]. She laid by [[Imin]], the first elf to be awakened. Iminyë later married Imin and became part of the [[Vanyar]] clan.

{{references}}
* {{HM|WJ}}, page 380-381.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iminye}}
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Iminyë]]

Enel

2012-07-20T10:14:54Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{disambig-two|an [[Elves|Elf]]|[[Nandorin]] word|[[enel (Nandorin)|enel]]}}
'''Enel''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈenel]}}) was the third of the three [[Elf-fathers]] who awoke at [[Cuiviénen]]. His spouse was [[Enelyë]].

He walked along with the other Father, [[Imin]] and [[Tata]] and took the third group of 24 Elves. They found other groups but because Imin refused to choose again, Enel also took the fifth group of 48 Elves.

He was the head of the Clan named after him [[Nelyar]], the "Thirds" who became known as [[Teleri]].<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 380-1</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Nelyar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Enel]]

Enelyë

2012-07-20T08:33:30Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

'''Enelyë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈeneʎe]}}) was the third [[Wives of the Elf-Fathers|spouse]] to the [[Elf-fathers]] to be [[Awakening of the Elves|awakened]]. She became the spouse to [[Enel]], and so joined the [[Nelyar]] (known as the [[Teleri]] or the [[Lindar]]) clan.

{{references}}
* {{HM|WJ}}, page 380-381.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Enelye}}
[[Category:Nelyar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Enelyë]]

Hareth

2012-07-20T07:46:56Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

__NOTOC__
{{Edain infobox
| image=
| name=Hareth
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| realm=[[Brethil]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{FA|419}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| house=[[House of Haleth]]
| parentage=[[Halmir]]
| siblings=[[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]], [[Hundar]], and [[Hiril]]
| spouse=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]]
| children=[[Húrin]] and [[Huor]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Hareth''' (b. {{FA|419}}) was the elder daughter of [[Halmir]], chieftain of the [[Haladin]], and sister of [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]], [[Hundar]],<ref name="Haladin">{{WJ|West}}, ''(iii) The Haladin''', p. 237</ref> and [[Hiril]].<ref>{{WJ|Hurin}}, p. 270</ref> She married [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]], lord of the [[House of Hador]], and bore him two sons, [[Húrin]] and [[Huor]].<ref name="Haladin"/>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | HMR | | | | | | | | | | |HMR=[[Halmir]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | HDR | | HUN | | HAR |y| GAL | | HIR |HDR=[[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]]|HUN=[[Hundar]]|HAR='''HARETH'''|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]]|HIR=[[Hiril]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | HUR | | HUO | | | | |HUR=[[Húrin]]|HUO=[[Huor]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Etymology==
''Hareth'' also appears in ''[[Haudh-en-Arwen#Names|Tûr Haretha]]'', the "Ladybarrow", so the name probably means "Lady" in the Haladin tongue.<ref>{{S|West}}</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
Halmir's second daughter, Hiril, was a later addition to the House of Haleth family tree. Before she was introduced Hareth's name was "''Hiriel''".<ref>{{WJ|Hurin}}, footnote, p. 269</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category: House of Haleth]]
[[de:Hareth]]
[[fi:Hareth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple_de_haleth/hareth]]

Lindo

2012-07-19T10:18:13Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{noncanon}}
'''Lindo''' was the wise keeper of the [[Cottage of Lost Play]] in [[Tol Eressëa]]. His wife was [[Vairë]].

[[category:Noldor]]
[[de:Lindo]]

Enthor

2012-07-19T08:03:11Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{disputedcanon}}
{{Edain infobox
| image=
| name=Enthor
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| realm=[[Brethil]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Hiril]]
| children=[[Meleth]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Enthor''' was the husband of [[Hiril]] and father of [[Meleth]].<ref name="Enthor">{{WJ|Hurin}}, p. 270</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | HAL | | | | | | |HAL=[[Halmir]]}}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | HIR |y| ENT | | |HIR=[[Hiril]]|ENT='''ENTHOR'''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | MEL |y| AGA |MEL=[[Meleth]]|AGA=[[Agathor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | HUN | | MAN |HUN=[[Hunthor]]|MAN=[[Manthor]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
When "[[The Wanderings of Húrin]]" was being written there were different manuscripts with many name changes. In the earlier version, Enthor was the younger brother of [[Hunthor]] and [[Manthor]], and he was the captain of the guards near [[Brithiach]] whom [[Asgon]] met. In the last manuscript captain "Enthor" was replaced by "[[Ebor]]" who was "a chief henchman of Manthor's" and the words "younger brother of Hunthor and Manthor" were intended to be cut out, per [[Christopher Tolkien]].<ref name="Enthor"/> The newly named Ebor referred to Manthor as his lord rather than his brother, strengthening Christopher's suggestion.<ref>{{WJ|Hurin}}, p. 263</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Edain]]
[[de:Enthor]]
[[fi:Enthor]]

White Mountains

2012-07-18T07:37:40Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{sources}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:Raine Kuusi - Dusk.jpg|250px]]
| name=White Mountains
| othernames=Ered Nimrais
| etymology=
| type=Mountain range
| location=Between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]]
| inhabitants=[[Men]], [[Dwarves]]
| realms=[[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]]
| description=Tall, snow-capped mountains
| events=
| references=
|}}
The '''White Mountains''', or '''''[[White Mountains#Etymology|Ered Nimrais]]''''' was a great mountain range that lay between [[Calenardhon]]/[[Rohan]] in the North and [[Gondor]] in the South. They ran 600 miles (965 kilometers) from [[Thrihyrne]] in the north-west to [[Mindolluin]] and [[Amon Tirith]] in the east. A low spur sprung off southwest, and ended at [[Ras Morthil]].

==Geographic Features==
===Important Peaks===
The mountain range’s notable peaks were, from west to east, [[Thrihyrne]], [[Starkhorn]], [[Dwimorberg]], [[Irensaga]], [[Halifirien]], [[Calenhad]], [[Min-Rimmon]], [[Erelas]], [[Nardol]], [[Eilenach]], [[Amon Dîn]], [[Mindolluin]] and [[Amon Tirith]].

At the foot of Thrihyrne was the valley known as [[Helm's Deep]], and the [[Glittering Caves]] of [[Aglarond]] were underneath its spurs.

The three mountains Starkhorn, Dwimorberg and Irensaga enclosed the valley of [[Dunharrow]], and the Dwimorberg was also the home of the [[Paths of the Dead]].

Halifirien, Calenhad, Min-Rimmon, Erelas, Nardol, Eilenach, and Amon Dîn were strategically chosen hilltops on the northern side of the range. They were the [[Warning beacons of Gondor]]. There was probably a beacon-row on the south side too.

===Passes===
There were no passes over the White Mountains. If the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] were to avoid the [[Gap of Rohan]], they would have to follow the coast around [[Ras Morthil]] on the cape of [[Andrast]]. The only passage through the mountain range was at the Paths of the Dead, but only the most courageous (or foolhardy) ever ventured that route.

==Rivers==
Several rivers sprung from the White Mountains, among them the [[Adorn]], the [[Deeping-stream]], the [[Snowbourn]] and [[Mering Stream]] on the north side, and, on the south side, the [[Erui]], the [[Ringló]], the [[Ciril]], the [[Morthond]] and the [[Lefnui]].

==History==
===Origins===

The White Mountains were presumably made by the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Aulë]] when he helped in the construction of [[Arda]]. It is also possible that the were created by [[Morgoth|Melkor]], and served the same goal as the [[Misty Mountains#Origins|Misty Mountains]].

A local legend among the [[Pre-Númenóreans|indigenous people]] of [[Gondor]] told of [[giants]] making the mountains, to keep [[Men]] out of their lands by the [[Belegaer|Sea]]. One of them, [[Stiffneck]] or [[Tarlang]] died there and some peaks are his [[Tarlang's Neck|neck]] and [[Dol Tarlang|head]]; the stones he was carrying were known as [[Cûl Veleg]] and [[Cûl Bîn]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings|Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings]]'', omitted entry quoted in [[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', pp. 536-7</ref>

===Inhabitants===

Throughout history, the White Mountains were inhabited by Men, [[Drúedain]], [[Dunlendings]], [[Rohirrim]], [[Gondor|Gondorians]], [[Orcs]], and [[Dwarves]].

The Drúedain lived along its northern edges, leaving [[Púkel-men]] at [[Starkhorn]] and [[Drúwaith Iaur]]. They resettled to a forest that would later be named after them: [[Drúadan Forest|Tawar in-Drúedain]].

In the [[Second Age]], the White Mountains were populated by a people related to the Dunlendings who had been servants of [[Sauron]]. They swore allegiance to [[Isildur]], but betrayed him and were cursed: they became known as the [[Army of the Dead]].

From [[Third Age 2510|T.A. 2510]], the northern vales and hills became under the rule of the Rohirrim, mighty horselords from the North. They settled in [[Helm's Deep]], [[Dunharrow]] and [[Grimslade]], and built their capital [[Edoras]] on an outlying hill.

The valley on the southern side were all that time under the rule of the [[King of Gondor]], and the lords of [[Blackroot Vale]], [[Ringló Vale]], Tumladen and [[Lossarnach]] were loyal fiefs.

After the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] in [[Third Age 2799|T.A. 2799]], thousands of [[orcs]] fled south and troubled the Rohirrim for two generations.

In the early [[Fourth Age]], [[Gimli]], son of [[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]] led a colony of [[Dwarves]] and settled in the [[Glittering Caves]], of which he had discovered the value during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]].

==Etymology==

The [[Sindarin]] name of the White Mountains, '''''Ered Nimrais''''', consists of ''[[ered]]'' ("mountains") and ''nimrais'' ("white-peaks; pale-horns").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 33</ref>

{{references}}

* ''[[The Two Towers]]'', passim.
* ''[[The Return of the King]]'', passim.
* ''[[Appendix A]]''.
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', ''[[The Drúedain]]''.
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]''.
* ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]''.

[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:White Mountains]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]

[[de:Weißes Gebirge]]
[[fi:Valkoiset Vuoret]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_blanches]]

Starkhorn

2012-07-18T06:39:25Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{location
| image=
| name=Starkhorn
| othernames=
| etymology=Anglicized [[Rohirric]] "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stark stark]" + "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/horn horn]"
| type=Mountains
| location=Northern [[White Mountains]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=[[Rohan]]
| description=Large mountain, jagged snow-clad peak
| events=
| references=''[[The Muster of Rohan]]''
|}}
The '''Starkhorn''' was one of the largest of the [[White Mountains]]. It was a snow-clad peak that rose in the inner regions of the mountain range. From its feet sprang the [[Snowbourn]], whose widening valley ran northwards through the mountains to emerge onto the plains of [[Rohan]]. The [[Rohirrim]] called that valley [[Harrowdale]], and built their courts of [[Edoras]] at its mouth, from where the lonely white peak of the Starkhorn could be seen along the straight length of the valley. On a cliff above the valley they built the refuge of [[Dunharrow]].<ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref>
==Etymology==
It means "horn standing up stiff like a spike" and represents [[Rohirric]].<ref name="Nomen"/>

As [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes, to an English reader ''stark'' now has implications of nakedness and grimness, not originally present in the word.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 776</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:White Mountains]]
[[de:Starkhorn]]
[[fi:Väkisarvi]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_blanches/starkhorn]]

Snowbourn

2012-07-17T10:42:46Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

__NOTOC__
{{location
| image=
| name=Snowbourn
| othernames=
| etymology=
| type=River
| location=Central Rohan
| inhabitants=
| realms=[[Rohan]]
| description=
| events=
| references=
|}}
The '''Snowbourn''' was a river in [[Rohan]] that originated beneath the [[Starkhorn]] in the northern [[White Mountains]]. Its course flowed north past the courts of [[Edoras]] then, after a sharp bend, east to meet the [[Entwash]] among the grassy plains of [[Eastfold]].<ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref>

The deep valley above Edoras was called [[Harrowdale]] and between its walls the Snowbourn loudly rushed over stones. It was fed by a lesser stream from the west that had cascaded near a mountain path. After making its right turn just beyond Edoras it flowed twelve leagues to its confluence with the [[Entwash]], which was in willow-thickets.<ref name="Muster">{{RK|V3}}</ref>

The Snowbourn served as the border between the [[Westfold]] and the [[Eastfold]]. It was also, in conjunction with the [[Entwash]] north of their confluence, the boundary between the military districts of the [[West-mark]] and [[East-mark]].<ref>{{UT|Isen}}, Appendix (i)</ref>

==History==
After the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], King [[Théoden]] and his riders took a mountain path that led down into Harrowdale. On [[9 March]] {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> they descended into the valley following a stream that finally joined the Snowbourn. The next day the Host of the Mark mustered in the fields beside the river and then followed the path of the river as it passed [[Underharrow]] and [[Upbourn]]. The Host camped in the willow-thickets where the Snowbourn met the Entwash. From there the riders continued on to [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="Muster"/>

==Etymology==
''Snowbourn'' is a modernized form of [[Old English]] ''snāwburna''.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 776</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Rivers of Rohan]]

[[de:Schneeborn]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/rohan/snowbourn]]
[[fi:Lumivuo]]

Erestor

2012-03-18T17:21:48Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Jonathan Harding - Erestor.jpg|250px]]
| name=Erestor
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Chief Counsellor of [[Elrond]]
| realm=[[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=[[Elrond]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Erestor''' was an Elf of [[Rivendell]].

==History==
Erestor was the chief counsellor of [[Elrond]]'s household at the time of the [[War of the Ring]]; as such, he took part in the [[Council of Elrond]]. He did not support the idea of destroying [[The One Ring|The Ring]], and preferred instead the notion of guarding it from [[Sauron]], perhaps with the aid of [[Tom Bombadil]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref> Erestor accompanied [[Arwen]] to her marriage in {{TA|3019}}.<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref>

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:A decipher card identifies one of the Elves at the council in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', played by [[Jonathan Harding]], as Erestor.

{{references}}

[[Category:Elves]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[de:Erestor]]
[[fi:Erestor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/erestor]]

User:Hurin Thalion

2012-03-13T15:59:39Z

Hurin Thalion:

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<center> Hello, I am a user of the German counterpart [http://ardapedia.herr-der-ringe-film.de/index.php?title=Hauptseite Ardapedia] where I am on the road under the same name.
I will mainly put interwiki links and minor edit.
 </center>
 
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|-
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{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#EFC35B"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#CC9000;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''{{Special:Editcount/Hurin Thalion}}'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Number of edits.
|}</div>
|-
| {{user lore-3}}
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[[Category:German users]]

The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion

2012-03-13T15:58:17Z

Hurin Thalion:

{{book
| title=The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
| image=[[Image:The Lord of the Rings - A Reader's Companion.jpg|225px]]
| author=[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]
| isbn=0618642676
| publisher=[[HarperCollins]] (UK) & [[Houghton Mifflin]] (US)
| date=December 2005
| pages=894
| format=Hardcover with dustjacket
}}'''''The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion''''' by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] is considered one of the greatest recent secondary works about [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s world. The book contains rare Tolkien-related extracts, poems, letters, manuscripts, interviews, as well as brand new material.

===Contents===

* Rare or previously unpublished content
** A newly transcribed version of ''Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings''. Another version of this was published as ''[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings]]'' in [[A Tolkien Compass]] (1975).
** Part of [[Milton Waldman 1951|Tolkien's 1951 letter to Milton Waldman]], previously unpublished in the UK.
** A reproduction of a manuscript page showing a a synoptic time scheme used while writing The Lord of the Rings. It summarizes the movements of characters between the 8th and the 12th of March.
** Formerly unpublished parts of "[[The Hunt for the Ring]]" and "[[Index questions]]"
* Notes on significant changes made by the author and by [[Christopher Tolkien]] after his father's death
* Brief references to illustrations, maps, and earlier versions of the text
* References to people, places, and events that appear in other books by Tolkien
* Explanations of archaic and unusual words
* Translations and primers on how to use Tolkien's invented languages

== External links ==
*[http://www.hammondandscull.com/addenda/readers2.html Addenda and Corrigenda to The Lord of the Rings: A Reader’s Companion]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, The}}
[[Category:Books by Wayne G. Hammond]]
[[Category:Books by Christina Scull]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]
[[de:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader’s Companion]]
[[fi:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]

Walter Scherf

2012-02-23T18:14:32Z

Hurin Thalion: /* External Links */

[[IMAGE:W. Scherf.jpg|thumb|120px]]
'''Walter Scherf''' ([[11 June|June 11]], [[1920]] - [[25 October|October 25]], [[2010]]) was a German researcher for children's literature and fairy tales.

From [[1946]] to [[1949]] he studied Physics, Mineralogy and Musicology at the [[wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen|University of Göttingen]]. At the same time, Scherf founded and initiated youth groups. 1949 he became Federal leader of the German Jungenschaft (some kind of Scout Movement).

After his studies Scherf worked as typesetter, editorial journalist, lector and publishing house manager.

From [[1957]] to [[1982]] he was director of the [[wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.or/wiki/International_Youth_Library|International Youth Library]] in Munich.

Walter Scherf translated the first German edition of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[The Hobbit]] (''Kleiner Hobbit und der große Zauberer'', Paulus Verlag, Recklinghausen [[1957]]). This edition contains the illustrations made by [[Horus Engels]].
His revised translation was released [[1971]] in the Georg Bitter Verlag as ''Der kleine Hobbit'', this edition contains illustrations by [[Klaus Ensikat]].

After his retirement in [[1982]] he resumed his studies in Education, Psychology and Folklore which he began in the 1960s. He graduated in [[1986]] with the thesis ''Die Herausforderung des Dämons: Form und Funktion grausiger Märchen'' ("The challenge of the demon: the form and function of gruesome fairy tales").

Until [[2001]] he was a lecturer in folk narrative research in Innsbruck and Munich.

His main work as a researcher is a two-volume fairy tale encyclopedia from [[1995]].

For his works about fairy tales, Walter Scherf won awards like the ''Europäischer Märchenpreis''.

== External Links ==

* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Scherf Wikipedia] (German)

[[Category:Translators|Scherf, Walter]]
[[Category:German people|Scherf, Walter]]
[[Category:People by name|Scherf, Walter]]
[[de:Walter Scherf]]

Durin's Axe

2012-02-05T13:05:11Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

'''Durin's Axe''' was a great heirloom of the [[Dwarves]].

==History==
The axe remained lost in [[Khazad-dûm]] after it was deserted in {{TA|1981}}. It was found again by [[Balin|Balin's]] [[Balin's Colony|expedition]], but lost again in {{TA|2994|n}}, when his colony was destroyed.<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

[[de:Durins Axt]]
{{references}}

{{weapons}}

Húrin I

2011-10-13T10:12:03Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{disambig-more|Húrin|[[Húrin (disambiguation)]]}}
{{gondorian infobox
| image=
| name=Húrin I
| othernames=
| titles=[[Ruling Steward]]
| position=
| realm=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{TA|2124}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2204}} - {{TA|2244}} (40 years)
| death={{TA|2244}}
| deathlocation=
| age=120
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| parentage=[[Belegorn]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=2 daughters,<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 204</ref> [[Túrin I]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}'''Húrin I''' ([[Third Age]] 2124<ref name="Elendil"/> – 2244,<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> aged 120 years) was the fifth [[Ruling Steward]] of Gondor.

==History==
Húrin was probably named after [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]], one of the heroes of the [[Edain]] in the [[First Age]]. It was customary in the [[House of Húrin]] to name sons after legendary figures.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 203</ref>

Húrin was one of the Stewards during the [[Watchful Peace]], when [[Sauron]] was in the [[East]] and the [[Nazgûl]] occupied [[Minas Morgul]].<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>

Húrin ruled as Steward for forty years, and was succeeded by his son, who became [[Túrin I]].<ref name="South"/>

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| born={{TA|2124}}
| died={{TA|2244}}}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Belegorn]]
| list=5th [[Ruling Steward|Ruling Steward of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|2204}} - {{TA|2244}}
| next=[[Túrin I]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rulingstewards}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[de:Húrin I.]]
[[fi:Húrin I]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:dunedain:gondoriens:hurin_ier]]

Herion

2011-10-13T09:46:38Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{gondorian infobox
| image=
| name=Herion
| othernames=
| titles=[[Ruling Steward]]
| position=
| realm=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{TA|2037}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2116}} - {{TA|2148|n}} (32 years)
| death={{TA|2148}}
| deathlocation=
| age=111
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| parentage=[[Eradan]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Belegorn]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}'''Herion''' ([[Third Age]] 2037<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 204</ref> – 2148,<ref>{{App|South}}</ref> aged 111 years) was the third [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]].

==History==
He ruled for thirty-two years during the time known as the [[Watchful Peace]],<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> and was succeeded by his son [[Belegorn]].

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| born={{TA|2037}}
| died={{TA|2148}}}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Eradan]]
| list=3rd [[Ruling Steward|Ruling Steward of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|2116}} - {{TA|2148|n}}
| next=[[Belegorn]]
}}{{seq-end}}
{{rulingstewards}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[de:Herion]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/herion]]
[[fi:Herion]]
[[fa:هریون]]

22 September

2011-09-22T19:45:42Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

<noinclude>{{month|September|hide31=yes}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.__NOTOC__
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1937]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes a [[Jane Neave 22 September 1937|letter to Jane Neave]].
* '''[[1954]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 152]].
* '''[[1976]]''' - Actor and stuntman [[Sala Baker]] is born.
* '''[[1978]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 1978]] at [[wikipedia:Oxford Town Hall|Oxford Town Hall]].
* '''[[1981]]''' - The Dutch [[Tolkien Societies|Tolkien Society]] [[Unquendor]] is founded in [[wikipedia:Leiden|Leiden]], the [[wikipedia:Netherlands|Netherlands]].
* '''[[1989]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 1989]] at [[wikipedia:Oxford Town Hall|Oxford Town Hall]].
* '''[[1990]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 1990]] at [[wikipedia:Oxford Town Hall|Oxford Town Hall]].
* '''[[1991]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 1991]] at [[wikipedia:University College, Oxford|University College]].
* '''[[1992]]''' - The Danish [[Tolkien Societies|Tolkien Society]] [[Imladris, Danmarks Tolkienforening|Imladris]] is founded.
* '''[[1996]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 1996]] at [[wikipedia:University College, Oxford|University College]].
* '''[[2000]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2000]] at [[wikipedia:St Antony's College, Oxford|St Antony's College]].
* '''[[2001]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2001]] at [[wikipedia:St Antony's College, Oxford|St Antony's College]].
* '''[[2003]]''' - The [[Eleventy-First Birthday Party]] is held in [[wikipedia:Frankenmuth, Michigan|Frankenmuth]], [[wikipedia:Michigan|Michigan]].
* '''[[2009]]''' - The Frisian translation of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', by Anne Tjerk Popkema, is published.
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[The Lonely Mountain Band]] release their first album ''[[Beyond the Western Seas]]''.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2890}}:
** [[Bilbo Baggins]] is born.
* {{TA|2941}}:
** [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and [[Thorin and Company|the Dwarves]] arrive in [[Lake-town]].
* {{TA|2968}}:
** [[Frodo Baggins]] is born.
* {{TA|3001}}:
** [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] turns 111 and throws the [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]] at which he announces his intention to leave [[the Shire]]. He leaves behind [[the One Ring]] and sets off.
** [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] turns 33 and comes of age. He inherits [[Bag End]] and all the things Bilbo leaves behind.
* {{TA|3018}}:
** The [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] reach [[Sarn Ford]] at evening and drive off the guard of [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]].
** [[Gandalf]] overtakes [[Shadowfax]].
** Frodo celebrates his birthday with [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Folco Boffin|Folco]]. Merry and Fredegar leave for [[Crickhollow]].
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}
* {{TA|3019}}:
** [[Saruman]] enters [[the Shire]].
* {{TA|3021}}:
** Frodo and Sam meet the Last Riding of the Keepers of the [[Three Rings|Rings]] in [[Woody End]].
** [[Bilbo Baggins]] becomes 131 years old, the longeviest Hobbit in history.
* {{FoA|31}}:
** [[Samwise Gamgee]] leaves [[Middle-earth]], last of the [[Ring-bearer|Ring-bearers]].<noinclude>
==Notes==
As Frodo and Sam ride through the Shire in 3021, the text tells us that “"the Moon went westward"” above them<ref>{{HM|RK}}, [[The Grey Havens]]</ref>. According to astronomy, in that date of that year, no moon should have been visible.<ref>http://shire-reckoning.com/moon.html</ref>
{{references}}[[Category:Dates|266]]</noinclude>
[[de:22. September]]

Lambengolmor (mailing list)

2011-09-04T08:35:04Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

:''See also [[Lambengolmor]]''
'''Lambengolmor''' is the name of a mailing list for the scholarly study and discussion of the invented languages of Tolkien, launched by [[Carl F. Hostetter]] of the [[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship|E.L.F.]] on 29 May [[2002]].

==External links==
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/ Official website]

[[Category:Mailing lists]]
[[fi:Lambengolmor (lista)]]

Lambengolmor

2011-09-04T08:28:06Z

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:''See also: [[Lambengolmor (mailing list)]]''
The '''Lambengolmor''' were the Loremasters of the [[Elves]]. They were skilled linguists and historians, and created many works about the Elves and their [[Elvish|languages]].

Known members were [[Rúmil the loremaster|Rúmil]], who invented the first alphabet, [[Fëanor]], who invented the [[Tengwar]], and [[Pengolodh]], who is credited with many works that are the basis for ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

{{references}}
Source: HoME XI, 396-398.

[[Category:Elves]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Lambengolmor]]

Rushlight Family

2011-08-08T16:37:54Z

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The '''Rushlight''' family was a family of [[Bree-men|Men]] of [[Bree]].<ref>{{FR|Sign}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Bree-men]]
[[de:Binsenlicht]]

Thistlewool Family

2011-08-08T16:36:45Z

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'''Thistlewool''' is a family of the [[Men of Bree]].<ref>{{FR|Sign}}</ref><ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 153</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Families]]
[[Category:Bree-men]]
[[de:Distelwolle]]

Grey Wood

2011-08-07T20:06:23Z

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The '''Grey Wood''' was a wood growing between [[Mount Mindolluin]] in [[Gondor]] and the beacon-hill of [[Amon Dîn]] to the north. It formed an easterly outlier of the larger [[Drúadan Forest]], where the remnant of the [[Drúedain]] dwelt in the [[Third Age]].<ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref> Its trees masked the eastern entrance to the ancient and forgotten [[Stonewain Valley]] through the [[White Mountains]].<ref name="Ride">{{RK|V5}}</ref>

During the [[War of the Ring]], the Drúedain shared their knowledge of the secret Valley with the [[Rohirrim]], and so [[Théoden]] and his Men passed through the Grey Wood to the relief of [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="Ride"/> After the War, [[Aragorn]] returned to the Grey Wood, and it was here that he granted [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]] and his people the freedom of the whole Drúadan Forest.<ref>{{RK|VI6}}</ref>
{{References}}
[[Category:Forests]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[de:Grauer Wald]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:forets:gondor:bois_gris]]
[[fi:Harmaa Metsä]]

Shirriffs

2011-08-07T10:02:37Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

'''Shirrifs''' were the sole law enforcement officials in [[the Shire]] and the main branch of the [[Watch]]. Since in the Shire law was based solely on common sense and ancient tradition, it was not broken. It was the Shirriffs' job to protect the Shire from trespassers more than anything. There were a total of twelve in all of the Shire, three in each [[Farthings|Farthing]], and they were distinguished from "civilians" by a feather worn in their caps.<ref>{{FR|Ordering}}</ref>

The only time this number was any larger was from two circumstances. The first, less serious, was the "Special Constabulary" power, where [[hobbits]] were deputized into patrolling the borders, which were called [[Bounders]].

The second was when [[Saruman]] had infiltrated the Shire, and had taken control, with the help of [[Ruffians|ruffians]] like [[Bill Ferny]]. Saruman had increased the number to suppress any revolts, and arrest anybody who broke the rules. They were assigned in companies such as the [[First Eastfarthing Troop]], though that was not enough to prevent [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], and others from liberating the [[Shire-folk]].

==Etymology==
Shirriff is an archaic rendition of "sheriff". Both mean "shire-reeve" ([[Old English]] ''scīrgerefa''). The archaism was made to make the connection to [[the Shire]] more obvious.

Shirriff is supposed to be a translation of a [[Hobbitish]] word, derived from their former language related to [[Rohirric]], not necessarily a [[Westron]] word.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 763</ref>
==See also==
*[[Shirriff-house]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Organisations in the Shire]]
[[de:Landbüttel]]
[[fi:Toad Guards]]

Shirriff-house

2011-08-06T21:01:30Z

Hurin Thalion:

A '''Sherriff-house''' was a Building in [[Frogmorton]].

Any of the buildings built for the expanded Watch during [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins|Lotho's]] control of the [[Shire]], especially the barracks of the [[First Eastfarthing Troop]]. Located at the west end of Frogmorton, this Sherriff-house was a poorly constructed one-story brick building with narrow windows. All the Sherriff-houses were torn down before the end of {{TA|3019}} ({{SR|1419}}).<ref name="Scouring">{{RK|VI8}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Buildings]]
[[Category:Shire]]
[[de:Landbüttelhaus]]

Shirriff-house

2011-08-06T14:05:20Z

Hurin Thalion: Created page with "A ''Sherriff-house'' was a Building in Frogmorton. Any of the buildings built for the expanded Watch during Lotho's control of the Shire, esp…"

A ''Sherriff-house'' was a Building in [[Frogmorton]].

Any of the buildings built for the expanded Watch during [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins|Lotho's]] control of the [[Shire]], especially the barracks of the [[First Eastfarthing Troop]]. Located at the west end of Frogmorton, this Sherriff-house was a poorly constructed one-story brick building with narrow windows. All the Sherriff-houses were torn down before the end of {{TA|3019}} ({{SR|1419}}).
<ref name="Scouring">{{RK|VI8}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Buildings]]
[[Category:Shire]]
[[de:Landbüttelhaus]]

Rowlie Appledore

2011-08-04T17:19:11Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{men infobox
|image=
|name=Rowlie Appledore
|othernames=
|birth=
|death={{TA|3019}}
|race=Men
|gender=Male
|height=
|hair=
|eyes=
}}'''Rowlie Appledore''' was a [[Men of Bree|man]] of [[Bree]] and member of the [[Appledore Family]].

==History==
Rowlie was killed during the in early January, {{TA|3019}}, fighting [[Bill Ferny]] and [[Sharkey]]'s [[ruffians]].<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref>
==Etymology==
''Rowlie'' is diminutive of Rowland, from ''hrod'' "fame" + land.<ref>''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', Giving of Names</ref> ''Appledore'' is an old word for "apple tree".

{{references}}
[[Category:Appledore]]
[[Category:Bree-men]]
[[de:Roland Affalter]]
[[fi:Rouli Omppu]]

Clayhanger family

2011-08-04T17:16:56Z

Hurin Thalion:

'''Clayhanger''' was a family of [[Hobbits]]. Only one member is recorded by name, [[Lalia Clayhanger|Lalia]].<ref name="L214">{{HM|L}}, [[Letter 214]]</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | LAL |y| FOR | LAL='''LALIA CLAYHANGER''' ''1283 - 1402''|FOR=[[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras Took II]] ''1278 - 1380''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | FER | | | FER=[[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]] ''1316 - 1415''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Etymology==
''Clayhanger'' is an English placename, the name of three hamlets in England (one in West Midlands, one in Cheshire and one in Devon). It comes from [[Old English|OE]] ''clǣghangra'', "Clayey wooded slope".<ref>A.D. Mills, "A Dictionary of British Place-Names"</ref> As a family name, it is best known from [[wikipedia:Arnold Burnett|Arnold Burnett]]'s [[wikipedia:The Clayhanger Family|''Clayhanger'' novels]] published between 1910 and 1918. The name would likely be used for a family that resides on a clayey wooded slope.

{{references}}
[[Category:Clayhanger]]
[[Category:Hobbit Families]]
[[de:Lehmbuckel]]

Clayhanger family

2011-08-04T17:16:40Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

Silmarils

2011-08-04T15:32:59Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{objects
| image=[[Image:Marco_-_The_Silmarils.jpg|250px]]
| name=Silmarils
| othernames=The Jewels
| derivation=
| location=[[Formenos]], [[Angband]], various
| ownedby=[[Fëanor]], [[Morgoth]], various
| maker=[[Fëanor]]
| appearance=Hard, bright crystals that glow
| references=''[[The Silmarillion]]''
|}}
The '''Silmarils''' ([[Quenya]] '''''Silmarilli''''') were three gems of immense might and beauty.
==History==
The Silmarils were created by [[Fëanor]] while the [[Eldar]] were still in [[Valinor]]. The gems were named for and crafted of the hard crystalline substance ''[[silima]],'' and contained some of the light from the [[Two Trees]] of Valinor. After Fëanor was exiled to Formenos, the Silmarils were stored in a chamber of iron.

Together with [[Ungoliant]], [[Melkor]] destroyed the Two Trees. The Silmarils now contained all the remaining light of the Two Trees. Therefore the [[Valar]] entreated Fëanor to give up the Silmarils so they could restore the Trees, but he refused. Then news came: Melkor had killed Fëanor's father [[Finwë]], the High King of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], and stolen all the gems, including the Silmarils. After this deed Melkor fled to the northlands of Middle-earth, where his ancient fortresses were. Melkor, now named [[Morgoth|''Morgoth'']] by Fëanor, set the Silmarils in his crown.

Fëanor was furious at Melkor and at the Valar's perceived desire to take the gems for their own purposes, and, swearing that he and his sons would not rest until the Silmarils were recovered, he led the Ñoldor back to Middle-earth. His flight, which began the [[First Age]] of Middle-earth, led to no end of grief for the Elves and eventually for the [[Men]] of Middle-earth. Five major battles were fought in [[Beleriand]], but ultimately the Ñoldor failed.

One of the Silmarils was recovered by [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] through great peril and loss. This stone was later taken by [[Eärendil]] to the Valar in the West as a token of repentance. The Valar then set this Silmaril as a star. The other two gems remained in Morgoth's hands, and were taken from him only at the end of the [[War of Wrath]]. However, soon afterwards, they were stolen by Fëanor's two surviving sons [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]]. The jewels burned their hands, in refusal of their rights of possession, as they had burned Morgoth's hands many years before. In agony, Maedhros threw himself and his Silmaril into a fiery pit, and Maglor threw his into the sea. Thus the Silmarils remained in all three elements of Arda -- in the sky, soil and water.

In most versions of the texts, following Melkor's final return and defeat in the [[Dagor Dagorath]] (Battle of Battles), the world will be changed and the Three Silmarils will be recovered by the Valar, and [[Yavanna]] will break them and with their light she will revive the [[Two Trees]], the [[Pelóri|Pelóri Mountains]] will be flattened and the light of the Two Trees will fill Arda again in a new age of eternal bliss.

==Etymology==

''Silmarils'' is a derivation of [[Quenya]] ''Silmarilli'' (cf. ''[[silima]]'').{{fact}}

==Names==

In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']] appears the [[Noldorin]] name '''''Silevril''''', being related to [[Quenya]] ''Silmaril''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 383 (entry [[RIL]]), 385 (entry [[SIL]])</ref> [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] appears to have retained the Noldorin form in [[Sindarin]], since the name ''Pennas Silevril'' (apparently the Sindarin translation of Quenya ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'')<ref>[[Helge Kåre Fauskanger]], [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/sindarin.htm Sindarin, the Noble Tongue: Sindarin Plural Patterns] at [[Ardalambion]] (accessed 10 July 2011)</ref> is used in later manuscripts.<ref>{{MR|P3II1}}, p. 200</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Silmarils|Images of Silmarils]]
*[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
*''[[The Silmarillion]]''
*[[Nauglamir]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Rings and Jewels]]
[[de:Silmaril]]
[[fi:Silmarilit]]

War of Wrath

2011-08-04T15:20:10Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{expansion}}
{{sources}}
{{battle
| name=War of Wrath
| image=[[Image:Perkan_Pickman_-_War_of_Wrath.jpg|350px]]
| conflict=[[War of Wrath]]
| date=c. [[First Age 545|F.A. 545]] - [[First Age 587|587]]
| place=[[Beleriand]]
| result=Decisive victory for the [[Host of the Valar]], Drowning of [[Beleriand]], Expulsion of [[Morgoth]] from Arda
| side1=[[Morgoth]] and his minions, including [[Balrogs]], [[Orcs]], and [[Dragons]]
| side2=The [[Host of the Valar]], including the [[Vanyar]] and [[Eärendil]]
| commanders1=
{{Morgoth blazon}}
* [[Ancalagon]] †
| commanders2=
{{Eärendil blazon}}
{{Finarfin blazon}}
* [[Eönwë]]
* [[Thorondor]]
| forces1= Millions
| forces2= Hundreds of thousands
| casual1=Virtually entire force
| casual2=Unknown, but most likely severe.
|}}

The '''War of Wrath''', or the '''Great Battle''', was the final [[Wars of Beleriand|battle]] against [[Morgoth]] at the end of the [[First Age]], and the greatest battle ever fought in all of [[Middle-earth]].

==History==
=== Prelude ===
500 years into the First Age, Morgoth had become mighty in Middle-earth, not least because of the strife among the [[Noldor]]. The mariner [[Eärendil]], wearing the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] on his brow, came to [[Valinor]], the first with mortal blood to set foot there, and begged the [[Valar]] to help the enslaved [[Elves]] and [[Men]] of Middle-earth.

The Valar were moved by Eärendil's plea, and along with the [[Vanyar]] and Noldor that were in Valinor, riding in the ships of the [[Teleri]], came to Middle-earth in a mighty host. They marched across [[Beleriand]], and met the forces of Morgoth in the plains of [[Anfauglith]].

=== The Great Battle ===
The Valar and the Elves destroyed the [[Balrogs]], all save a few who fled and hid themselves, and the armies of the [[Orcs]] perished like straw in a great fire. While the [[Edain#The Three Houses|Three Houses of the Edain]] fought with the Valar, many other Men fought against them and perished. Facing defeat, Morgoth released his ultimate weapon, the winged [[Dragons]], which had never been seen before, and drove the Valar back. The leader of these dragons was the powerful [[Ancalagon|Ancalagon the Black]].

Then [[Eärendil]] came with his sky-ship [[Vingilótë|Vingilot]], along with the [[Eagles]], and they fought the dragons, in the end slaying Ancalagon, the mightiest of the dragon horde, who broke the towers of [[Thangorodrim]] in his fall.

Morgoth was captured hiding in the deepest dungeon of Angband and bound with his old chain Angainor; the two Silmarils still in his possession were taken by the Maia [[Eönwë]] and guarded (whence they were later stolen by [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]]). In the end the Valar thrust him "through the [[Door of Night]], beyond the [[Walls of the World]], into the [[The Void|Timeless Void]]", where he remains until the [[Last Battle]] and the Day of Doom. Only then shall he be utterly destroyed.
[[Image:Doors_of_Night.jpg|left|200px|thumb|left|"The Doors of Night" by [[John Howe]].]]

=== Aftermath ===
The wreckage of the war was immense; most of the land west of the [[Ered Luin]] was laid waste and soon after sank beneath the waves. Most of the Elves went to the West, while others went East. The Valar raised up the island of [[Númenor]] in the Western Sea as a new home for the [[Edain]].

{{references}}
{{warsofbeleriand}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]
[[de:Krieg des Zorns]]
[[fi:Vihan Sota]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/1a/guerres/guerre_de_la_grande_colere]]

Hithlum

2011-08-04T15:10:00Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{sources}}{{expansion}}
{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:Hithlum-map.jpg|250px]]
| name = Hithlum
| meaning = "Mist Shadow"
| type = Monarchy
| headofstate =
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = [[Barad Eithel]]
| language = [[Quenya]]/[[Sindarin]]
| location = Northwestern [[Beleriand]]
| populace= [[Noldor|Ñoldor]]
| established = 1497 Years of Trees
| dissolved = 472 First Age
}}
{{Pronounce|Hithlum.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Hithlum''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈhiθlum]}}) is the region north of [[Beleriand]] near the [[Helcaraxë]].

Hithlum was separated from Beleriand proper by the [[Ered Wethrin]] mountain chain, and was named after the sea mists which formed there at times.

Hithlum was subdivided in [[Mithrim]], where the High Kings of the [[Noldor]] had their halls, and [[Dor-lómin]], which later became a fief of the [[House of Hador]].

The [[Ered Wethrin]] ("Mountains of Shadow") formed the southern and western wall, and had only a few passes; as such they formed a natural defensive line. The eastern wall was formed by the [[Ered Lómin]] or "Echoing Mountains", which curved north-westward to [[Helcaraxë]].

The land of Lammoth lay east of the Ered Wethrin and was not part of Beleriand or Hithlum, and the land of [[Nevrast]] was separated from Hithlum by the southern part of the Ered Lómin. Nevrast was usually seen as part of Hithlum, but its climate was that of Beleriand.

Hithlum was cold and rainy, but quite fertile. The Ñoldor landed here in the ''Firth of Drengist'' and first camped at the shores of [[Lake Mithrim]].

Later in the [[First Age]], Hithlum was continually under attack by [[Morgoth]], finally being lost after the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. The Hadorians were scattered, killed, or enslaved, the Noldor were enslaved in Morgoth's mines if they could not flee in time, and Morgoth trapped the [[Easterlings]] there.

Hithlum was completely destroyed during the [[War of Wrath]].
==Etymology==
''Hithlum'' is a [[North Sindarin]] word,<ref name=PE17/> meaning "Mist-shadow" (''[[hith]]'' + ''[[lum]]''); its [[Quenya]] counterpart is '''''Hisilómë''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌhisiˈloːme]}}, stem ''Hisilómi-'').{{fact}} Its [[Sindarin]] name is said to be '''''Hithlũ'''''.<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}} p. 133</ref>

[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] initially marked the word as [[Noldorin]]; its second element was cognate to Quenya ''[[lumbe]]''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry LUM- p. 370</ref>
{{navigation
| title= Hithlum
| north-west= [[Helcaraxë]]
| north=
| north-east= [[Angband]]
| west= [[Lammoth]]
| east= [[Anfauglith]], [[Dorthonion]]
| south-west= [[Nevrast]]
| south= [[Nargothrond]]
| south-east= [[Doriath]]
}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Elven Realms]]
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[de:Hithlum]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/beleriand/hithlum]]
[[fi:Hithlum]]

Ered Lómin

2011-08-04T15:06:33Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

'''Ered Lómin''' was the grey mountain range that marched north to south between the land of [[Hithlum]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]. It was broken by the inlet of the [[Firth of Drengist]], a passage through which [[Fëanor]] led his followers among the [[Noldor]] back into [[Middle-earth]]. In the south of [[Dor-lómin]], the Ered Lómin met the range of the [[Ered Wethrin]], and so walled off Hithlum and its lesser lands from [[Beleriand]] to the south.

The name Ered Lómin means '[[Echoing Mountains]]', but the origin of the name is uncertain. According to some sources, it refers to the echoes of the great cry of [[Morgoth]] as he returned into Middle-earth with [[Ungoliant]] before Fëanor's own return. According to others, it was merely in the nature of these mountains to produce great echoes. Whatever the origin of the name, it was clearly shared by the land of [[Dor-lómin]], that lay to the southeast of these mountains.

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ered Lomin}}
[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[de:Ered Lómin]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/beleriand/ered_lomin]]
[[fi:Ered Lómin]]

Ered Wethrin

2011-08-03T18:44:42Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{disambig-two|the mountain range of [[Beleriand]]|mountains of [[Mordor]]|[[Ephel Dúath]]}}
The '''Ered Wethrin''', or the '''Mountains of Shadow''', was a mountain range in the north of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[First Age]].

In the south, it was an east-west range that divided [[Dor-lómin]] and [[Mithrim]] to the north from [[Beleriand]] to the south, then in the east it curved around to the northwest, forming the boundary of [[Hithlum]]. A line of hills to the southwest formed the southern boundary of [[Nevrast]], while the '''Mountains of Mithrim''' were a northwesterly spur that separated Dor-Lomin from Mithrim.

Several rivers arose in the Ered Wethrin, including [[Narog]], [[Teiglin]], and [[Sirion]]. The easternmost point of the Ered Wethrin reached nearly to the [[Echoriath]], forming a steep-sided valley through which the upper Sirion ran.

The Ered Wethrin disappeared beneath the waves at the end of the First Age.

==Etymology==

''Ered Wethrin'' means "Shadowy Mountains" in [[Sindarin]]. It consists of ''[[ered]]'' ("mountains") and ''[[gwathren|gwethrin]]'' ("shadowy").<ref>[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/about.html (Note on the word ''*gwathren'', note 3)] at [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/ Hiswelokë] (accessed 19 November 2010)</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[de:Ered Wethrin]]
[[fi:Ered Wethrin]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/beleriand/ered_wethrin]]

Sirion

2011-08-03T18:41:57Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

'''Sirion''' was a river of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[First Age]], the principal river of [[Beleriand]]. During most of its course it was the border between East and West Beleriand. [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimates its length as 390 miles in her [[The Atlas of Middle-earth|Atlas of Middle-earth]].

== Source ==
The Sirion's source was at [[Eithel Sirion]] on the eastern side of the [[Ered Wethrin]], which lay in between [[Ard-galen]] (later Anfauglith) and [[Mithrim]] and [[Hithlum]]. It was guarded by the tower of Barad Eithel.

== Course ==
Sirion flowed southwards along the border of the Ered Wethrin, passing through the Fen of Serech before entering the narrow steep-sided valley between the Ered Wethrin and the [[Echoriath]] named the '''Pass of Sirion'''. Sirion then continued south into Beleriand, with the [[Forest of Brethil]] to the west, and [[Dimbar]] and then [[Doriath]] to the east. After leaving Doriath at Aelin-uial (the [[Fens of Sirion]]) it plunged below ground in the Falls of Sirion at [[Andram]] (the Long Wall), where the ground fell steeply. Three leagues southwards the Sirion exited the underground caves at the '''Gates of Sirion'''. It then flowed southwards through '''Nan-Tathren''' until it reached the [[Bay of Balar]], part of [[Belegaer]], at the [[Mouths of Sirion]].

== Tributaries ==
In order from north to south, the principal tributaries of the Sirion were the Rivil, flowing from Dorthonion until it met Sirion in the Fen of Serech; the Mindeb, which had its source in [[Nan Dungortheb]] and the [[Ered Gorgoroth]], the [[Teiglin]], the [[Esgalduin]] of Doriath; the [[Aros]] flowing south from Dorthonion (and also containing the waters of the [[Celon]] from the Hills of [[Himring]] and [[Himlad]]) which met at Aelin-uial, and the [[Narog]], which joined Sirion in Nan-Tathren.

== Crossing Points ==
The main crossing point mentioned in the Silmarillion was the [[Ford of Brithiach]] where the road from Himlad which crossed the Esgalduin at [[Iant Iaur]] crossed Sirion, and the Ferries of Doriath.

== Settlements ==
Barad Eithel, at the source of the Sirion in the Ered Wethrin, was a chief fortress of [[Fingolfin]] and his son [[Fingon]], probably guarding a pass into their realm of Mithrim. Further south, in the Pass of Sirion, lay Tol Sirion (see below). After the Coming of Men, the [[Edain]] of the [[House of Haleth]] made their home in the Forest of Brethil, and the [[Sindar]] ruled by [[Thingol]] lay secure within the Girdle of [[Melian]] in their realm of Doriath. At the outflow of Sirion into Belegaer, after the destruction of [[Eglarest]] and [[Brithombar]], the Havens of Sirion were built by [[Círdan]] and his people.

== Islands ==
The most important island in Sirion was Tol Sirion. The original [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]] was built here by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] in the strategic location controlling the Pass of Sirion where it entered Beleriand between the Ered Wethrin and the Echoriath. Shortly after [[Dagor Bragollach]] it was captured by Sauron and the island became known as Tol-in-Gaurhoth.

==Etymology==

''Sirion'' is a [[Sindarin]]/[[Noldorin]] name which contains the element ''[[sîr]]''.<ref name=LR>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 385</ref> Depending on the meaning of the second element, the name could either mean "great river" or "land of waters" (''[[-ion]]'' as augmentative suffix or archaic plural genitive suffix).<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names#S Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 10 July 2011)</ref>

Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was ''[[Gabilān]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Maeglin}}, p. 336</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[Category:Quenya Locations]]
[[Category:Rivers]]
[[de:Sirion]]
[[fi:Sirion]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/beleriand/sirion]]

Gondolin

2011-08-03T18:35:34Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{location
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Tuor Reaches the Hidden City of Gondolin.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gondolin
| othernames=''[[Ondolindë]]'', Seven Names (see below)
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[gond]]'' "rock" + ''[[dolen]]'' "hidden"
| type=City
| location=[[Tumladen]], [[Beleriand]]
| inhabitants=[[Noldor]] (and possibly [[Sindar]])
| realms=Gondolin (under [[Turgon]])
| description=White city in center of [[Tumladen]] in the [[Encircling Mountains]]
| events=[[The Fall of Gondolin]]
| references=''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]'' (''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part 2]]'')
|}}
{{Pronounce|Gondolin.mp3|Ardamir}}

'''Gondolin''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈɡondolin]}}; [[First Age]] c. 126 – 510, existed c. 384 years), the great [[Gondolin|Hidden City]] of [[Turgon]] was concealed from friend and foe alike during the First Age by the [[Encircling Mountains]], and guarded from trespassers by the [[Eagles]] of [[Thorondor]].

In the fiftieth year of the First Age, Turgon journeyed from his halls in [[Nevrast]] with his cousin [[Finrod]]. [[Ulmo]] guided him to the hidden valley of [[Tumladen]], and there he founded Gondolin. The city was completed circa 126, and Turgon's people who had dwelt in Nevrast traveled there secretly.

The city was inviolate for almost four hundred years; Turgon did not break his secret leaguer until the time of the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] in 471, and even after that disastrous battle he was able to return in secret to the city with the aid of [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]].

[[Morgoth]]'s servants finally discovered Gondolin through the treachery of [[Maeglin]], and it was sacked in 510 (''Main article: the [[Fall of Gondolin]]''). Turgon was lost in the [[Fall of Gondolin|Fall]] of the city, but some few (including [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], with their child [[Eärendil]]) escaped the destruction and dwelt as [[Exiles of Gondolin|Exiles]] at the [[Mouths of Sirion]].
==History==
[[Image:Alan Lee - Húrin and Huor are Carried to Gondolin.jpg|thumb|''Húrin and Huor are Carried to Gondolin'' by [[Alan Lee]].]]

=== The Building of Gondolin ===
The round valley of [[Tumladen]], within the Encircling Mountains, had originally been a lake, and in its centre stood a hill that had once been an island: [[Amon Gwareth]]. It was here that Turgon decided to found his Hidden City, as a memorial to ancient [[Tirion]] that lay beyond the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]].

The first building of the city took fifty-two years to complete. After this time, the people of Turgon, a great number of [[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]], traveled from Nevrast, where they had dwelt, and secretly entered the valley of Tumladen. Turgon gave his city the name [[Ondolindë]] ([[Quenya]] for "The Rock of the Music of Water", because of the fountains of [[Amon Gwareth]]), but in Sindarin this was rendered Gondolin, the [[Hidden Rock]].

After their arrival in the new city, the [[Gondolindrim]] continued to labour in its building, until it was said to rival even Tirion itself. Its walls stood high and white above the plain, and its most prominent feature was the great [[Tower of the King]], where, among the fountains, Turgon himself made [[Glingal]] and [[Belthil]], trees of gold and silver made in memory of the [[Two Trees of Valinor]].

=== The Coming of Maeglin ===
There followed two centuries of happy peace: Morgoth was besieged in the far north of the world, and the people of Gondolin lived undisturbed by the events outside their fair city. At last, though, a seed of discontent appeared: King Turgon's sister [[Aredhel]] determined to leave the city, much against Turgon's wishes, and journey into [[Middle-earth]]. Soon after her departure, her guards returned, and reported that they had lost her in the dark and sorcerous region to the south east of the city, known as [[Nan Dungortheb]].

More than twenty years then passed, and then suddenly Aredhel returned. With her was one who she claimed to be Maeglin, her son by [[Eöl]] the [[Dark Elf]] of [[Nan Elmoth]]. This Maeglin accepted Turgon as lord, but his father Eöl had followed his wife and son to Gondolin and been captured at the entranceway. He was brought before Turgon. Eöl refused to submit to Turgon's authority, and instead chose death for himself and his unwilling son. He threw a poisoned dart to slay Maeglin, but instead struck Aredhel, who fell ill with the poison and died. The body of Eöl was broken on the [[Caragdûr]] for this.

Maeglin, though, had had no part in these evils, and Turgon accepted him, and he grew to be among the great in Gondolin, wise in council, cunning in smithcraft and mighty in battle.

=== Two Great Battles ===
For more than a hundred years after the deaths of Aredhel and Eöl, Gondolin again had peace. The time was coming, though, when Morgoth would break the [[Siege of Angband]], and the unstoppable doom of the [[Elves]] would fall upon them. One winter's night, the fires of Angband destroyed the leaguer of the Noldor: the Dagor Bragollach. In this disaster, the people of Gondolin played no immediate part.

They were drawn into the events of those years, though, when two young brothers of the race of [[Men]], Húrin and [[Huor]], were cut off from their army and became lost amid the feet of the [[Crissaegrim]]. Thorondor brought them to Turgon. At the bidding of Ulmo, Turgon accepted them, and they remained in Gondolin for almost a year, when they returned to their homes. In this kindly act were the first seeds of Gondolin's destruction, more than fifty years later.

Turgon now devised a new policy for the salvation of the Elves: he began secretly to send his people out westward across the great sea, to seek the land of the [[Valar]] and ask their pardon and aid. None of his mariners succeeded, but this was a wise course, though Turgon never knew it: he was lost long before his grandson [[Eärendil]], aided by a [[Silmarils|Silmaril]], finally succeeded in this task.

As time passed since the destruction of the [[Dagor Bragollach]], the Elves of [[Beleriand]] began to arm for a counterstroke, and Turgon secretly began his own preparations. Fourteen years after the breaking of the [[Siege of Angband]], and some three hundred and fifty since the completion of Gondolin, Turgon rode for the first time to war. Unknown and unbidden by his kin, he rode to their aid with an army of ten thousand. This was to be the great battle that was to become known as the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]].

===Gondolin's Decline===
[[Image:John Howe - The Fall of Gondolin.jpg|thumb|''The Fall of Gondolin'' by [[John Howe]].]]

[[Morgoth]] poured much of his strength and resources into discovering the location of the Hidden City, and his spies infested lands about the [[Encircling Mountains]] and wherever he could penetrate. After [[Nargothrond]] fell, Gondolin was the last great stronghold of the [[Noldor]]. With the unbidden coming of Maeglin, the great city began the road to destruction.

The first great blow to the security of Gondolin came by accident. [[Húrin]], who was once held captive by Morgoth, was released to wander in the world, unconsciously furthering the Dark Lord's cause. He came to the edge of the Mountains, hoping that an Eagle would bear him to Gondolin. But Turgon, afraid for the lives of those in his city, and rightfully fearing what Morgoth might have done to Húrin, withheld his good intentions for too long. Húrin, seeing nothing, cried out in a loud voice "''Turgon, Turgon, remember the [[Fen of Serech]]! O Turgon, will you not hear in your hidden halls?''". Morgoth now knew the general area in which Gondolin lay, for his spies were watching this. Húrin turned away, broken and bitter.

[[Ulmo]], the "patron god" of the city, watched with sad eyes, foreseeing the doom of Gondolin. He called forth [[Tuor]], son of [[Huor]], to the [[Belegaer|Sea]], where he gave him a [[Ulmo's warning|message for Turgon]]. Tuor delivered this message faithfully, by the aid of Ulmo and an elf named [[Voronwë of Gondolin|Voronwë]] finding the city. Turgon listened as Tuor told him Ulmo's advice, that he must abandon the city and seek the sea. For though hitherto the [[Valar]] had not listened to his messengers, such a great people they might pardon. Turgon, because of his pride and the love of his city, decided against this warning. Tuor, however, was welcomed in the city as one of them by all save Maeglin. Unwittingly, Turgon, who had always been so careful about strangers, by allowing Tuor to stay sealed the doom of Gondolin. For Tuor and [[Idril]], the King's daughter, fell in love.

It was an extremely rare thing for a man to wed an elf-woman, but Turgon, who loved Tuor as a son, permitted it when he found that his daughter was full willing. Maeglin hated Tuor for this, and plotted his revenge on Idril. . . and as the years passed, on their son, the beautiful [[Eärendil]].

===Gondolin's Fall===
(''Main article: [[The Fall of Gondolin]]'')

While searching for ore and straying (against the commands of Turgon) too far from the city, Maeglin was set upon and captured by [[Orcs]]. At his begging and bribing they took him before Morgoth himself, who extracted the information about Gondolin at a price: the death of Tuor and Eärendil, the hand of Idril, and the lordship of Gondolin after its capture.

For this Maeglin was bought, and having betrayed his city, returned there as if nothing had happened. Idril, however, who had noticed and spurned his advances, saw and feared the change that had come over him. Therefore she discussed with her husband the idea of making an [[Idril's Secret Way|escape tunnel]]. Tuor, confused but willing, complied. In secret (or as close to secrecy as they could come), a tunnel that cut through the iron-like rock of the hill and out under Tumladen almost to the mountains was constructed.

At last Morgoth was ready, and he loosed his massive army upon the doomed city. Again Tuor and others urged Turgon to flee the brunt of the assault, but, convinced of the invincibility of his city (and with Maeglin whispering in his ear of all he would leave behind), he declared that he would stand firm.

There was a great siege, during which Maeglin sought (from the inside) to take Idril and throw Eärendil from the walls. But Tuor arrived in time to save them both, and after a brief struggle hurled Maeglin down into the flames. But the city could not be saved, and thousands were killed. One by one the great lords of Gondolin fell, and Turgon, disillusioned and broken-hearted, ordered all to follow Tuor out through the tunnel when the destruction was inevitable. Only his guard stayed around him, and all who remained were killed as the white tower collapsed.

Gathering as many of the people as they could find, Tuor and Idril escaped down the tunnel. It was a hard road through the mountains; [[Glorfindel of Gondolin|Glorfindel]] was killed by a [[Balrogs|balrog]] that lay in ambush. But at last the Gondolindrim came to [[Nan-tathren]], and after resting there for some time they came down to the refuge at the [[Mouths of the Sirion]], and mourned the loss of the White City.

== Description ==
[[Image:Gondolin Plan.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A map of Gondolin based on [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]]'s [[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]]]
Tolkien drew several pictures of Gondolin himself, but his largest description of Gondolin is found in the [[Fall of Gondolin]].

{{quote|...Then they looked up and could see, and lo! they were at the foot of steep hills, and these hills made a great circle wherein lay a wide plain, and set therein, not rightly at the midmost but rather nearer to that place where they stood, was a great hill with a level top, and upon that summit rose a city in the new light of the morning...|The Fall of Gondolin ([[Houghton Mifflin]] version page 158)}}

{{quote|...But Tuor looked upon the walls of stone, and the uplifted towers, upon the glistering pinnacles of the town, and he looked upon the stairs of stone and marble, bordered by slender balustrades and cooled by the leap of fountains of [[Amon Gwareth]]...|The Fall of Gondolin ([[Houghton Mifflin]] version page 159)}}

{{quote|...Then did the throng return within the gates and the wanderers with them, and Tuor saw they were of iron and of great height and strength. Now the streets of Gondolin were paved with stone and wide, kerbed [curbed] with marble, and fair houses and courts amid gardens of bright flowers were set about the ways, and many towers of great slenderness and beauty builded of white marble and carved most marvellously rose to the heaven. Squares there were lit with fountains and the home of birds that sang amid the branches of their aged trees, but of all these the greatest was that place where stood the king's palace, and the tower thereof was the loftiest in the city, and the fountains that played before the doors shot twenty fathoms and seven in the air and fell in a singing rain of crystal: therein did the sun glitter splendidly by day, and the moon most magically shimmered by night. The birds that dwelt there were of the whiteness of snow and their voices sweeter than a lullaby of music. On either side of the doors of the palace were two trees, one that bore blossom of gold and the other of silver, nor did they ever fade, for they were shoots of old from the glorious Trees of Valinor that lit those places before Melko and [[Ungoliant|Gloomweaver]] withered them: and those trees the Gondolindrim named [[Glingol]] and [[Belthil|Bansil]]...|Fall of Gondolin (Houghton Mifflin version page 160)}}

See also quotes at ''[[Tumladen]]''.

== Major inhabitants in Gondolin ==
:''See also [[:Category:Gondolindrim]]''
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|250px|''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
* '''[[Turgon]]''', King of Gondolin and head of the [[House of the King]]
** '''[[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]]''', daughter of Turgon and wife of Tuor
* '''[[Aredhel]]''', sister of Turgon, wife of [[Eöl]], and mother of Maeglin
*[[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim]]
** '''[[Maeglin]]''', son of Aredhel and Eöl, betrayer of Gondolin, chief of the [[House of the Mole]]
** '''[[Tuor]]''', messenger of [[Ulmo]] and husband of Idril, father of [[Eärendil]]
** '''[[Glorfindel of Gondolin|Glorfindel]]''', chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]]
** '''[[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]]''', chief of the [[House of the Tree]]
** '''[[Penlod]]''', marshal of the [[House of the Pillar]] and the [[House of the Tower of Snow]]
** '''[[Duilin of Gondolin|Duilin]]''', master archer and chief of the [[House of the Swallow]]
** '''[[Egalmoth of the Heavenly Arch|Egalmoth]]''', chief of the [[House of the Heavenly Arch]]
** '''[[Salgant]]''', chief of the [[House of the Harp]]
** '''[[Ecthelion of the Fountain|Ecthelion]]''', chief of the [[House of the Fountain]]
** '''[[Rog]]''', chief of the [[House of the Hammer of Wrath]]

==Etymology==
Gondolind is perhaps a [[Mithrimin]] name<ref>{{PE|17}} p.133</ref> and means 'stone of music'. In proper [[Sindarin]] it was named ''[[Gonnólen]]'' which means "hidden rock". In [[Quenya]] it was named ''[[Ondolinde]]''.

Gondolin was known as the ''City of Seven Names''. Its other six names were:
* '''[[Gondobar]]''' (Stone House)
* '''[[Gondothlimbar]]''' (House of the Stone Folk)
* '''[[Gwarestrin]]''' (Tower of Guard)
* '''[[Gar]] [[Thurion]]''' (Secret Place)
* '''[[Loth]]''' (Flower)
* '''[[Lothengriol]]''' (Plan Flower-Blossom, Lily of the Valley).

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Gondolin is referred as ''Stangaldor(burg)'' "stone-enchantment-(city)", ''Folgenburg'' "hidden city" ''Galdorfaesten'' "enchantment-fortress".<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Gondolin|Images of Gondolin]]
* [[Fall of Gondolin]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, Towns and Villages]]
[[Category:Elven Realms]]
[[Category:Gondolin| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[de:Gondolin]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/gondolin]]
[[fi:Gondolin]]

Fingon

2011-08-03T18:30:33Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Anna Lee - Fingon.jpg|250px]]
| name=Fingon
| othernames=''[[Findekáno]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) "The Valiant"
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| position=
| realm=[[Tirion]]; [[Dor-lómin]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=During [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{FA|455}} - {{FA|472|n}}
| death={{FA|472}}
| deathlocation=[[Anfauglith]] in [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]
| age=
| house=[[House of Fingolfin]]
| parentage=[[Fingolfin]] & [[Anairë]]
| siblings=[[Turgon]], [[Aredhel]] and [[Argon]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Dark
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Bow
| steed=
}}{{Pronounce|Fingon.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{Transcribed|Fingon_tengwar.png|Fingon|Tengwar, Mode of Beleriand}}
'''Fingon''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈfiŋɡon]}}; [[Years of the Trees]] 1280 – [[First Age]] 472, aged approx. 2,580 years), called 'the Valiant' by [[Maedhros]], was a [[High King of the Noldor]] in [[Beleriand]] during the [[First Age]]. He was the eldest son of [[Fingolfin]], older brother of [[Turgon]], [[Aredhel]], and [[Argon]]<ref name="argon">[[Argon]] only appears in very late writings by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] as published in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', and is left out of the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.</ref>.

== History ==

Fingon went with his father and people from [[Aman]] to [[Middle-earth]] at the beginning of the [[First Age]]. He achieved renown soon after for his daring rescue of [[Maedhros]] from [[Thangorodrim]]. Fingolfin gave Fingon a domain in [[Dor-lómin]], in the west of [[Hithlum]], where he did good service during the [[Siege of Angband]]; defeating [[Orcs]] that attempted to go around to the north and attack Hithlum from the west, and then later the first to fight against the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Glaurung]] when he first came forth from [[Angband]].

Fingon became High King when Fingolfin died fighting [[Morgoth]] after the [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame"). Seven years later, Morgoth's forces invaded Hithlum, and Fingon was hard-pressed and outnumbered, but rescued by [[Círdan]] and his people of the [[Falas]], who came up the [[Firth of Drengist]] in their ships.

In the complex [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), Fingon was nearly victorious; but in the end he was finally defeated, and then killed by [[Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs|Gothmog]], Lord of [[Balrogs]].

Turgon became by right the High King of the Noldor, although after the battle he returned to the secrecy of [[Gondolin]].

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' Fingon was the father of [[Gil-galad]], but this was an editorial mistake by [[Christopher Tolkien]], and is said "to have no wife or children". Argon does not appear in the published Silmarillion at all.

== Etymology ==
Fingon's [[father-name]] was '''Findekáno''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "Skilled Hero", pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌfindeˈkaːno]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌɸindeˈkaːno]}}). Fingon is the [[Sindarin]] version of his father-name.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | MIR |~|y|~| FIN |~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~| IND | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=[[Indis]]|MIR=[[Míriel Serindë|Míriel]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | FEA | | FDS | |!| | | IRM | | FIR | | |FIN='''FINGOLFIN'''|FIR=[[Finarfin]]|FEA=[[Fëanor]]|FDS=[[Findis]]|IRM=[[Irimë]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | FNG |~|y|~| ANA | | | | | | | |FNG=[[Fingolfin]]|ANA=[[Anairë]]}}
{{familytree| | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | FIN | | ELE |y| TUR | | ARE |y| EOL | | ARG |FIN='''FINGON'''|ARE=[[Aredhel]]|TUR=[[Turgon]]|ELE=[[Elenwë]]|EOL=[[Eöl]]|ARG=[[Argon]]<ref name="argon" />}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | TUO |y| IDR | | | | | | MAE | | | | | | |MAE=[[Maeglin]]|IDR=[[Idril]]|TUO=[[Tuor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | EAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{sequence
|prev=[[Fingolfin]]
|next=[[Turgon]]
|list=4th [[High King of the Noldor]] <code>I</code> 455 – 472
}}

== See Also ==
* '''[[:Category:Images of Fingon|Images of Fingon]]'''.

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Fingon]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/fingon]]
[[fi:Fingon]]

Fingolfin

2011-08-03T18:28:44Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg|250px]]
| name=Fingolfin
| othernames=''Ñolofinwë'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Aracáno'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]] King of the North
| position=
| realm=[[Tirion]]; [[Hithlum]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1190}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{FA|5}} - {{FA|456|n}}
| death={{FA|456}}
| deathlocation=[[Anfauglith]]
| age=3426
| house=[[House of Finwë]]
| parentage=[[Finwë]] and [[Indis]]
| siblings=[[Fëanor]], [[Findis]], [[Irimë]] and [[Finarfin]]
| spouse=[[Anairë]]
| children=[[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Aredhel]] and [[Argon]]
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Dark
| eyes=
| clothing=Silver armour, blue shield set with crystals
| weapons=[[Ringil]]
| steed=[[Rochallor]]
}}{{Pronounce|Fingolfin.mp3|Ardamir}}
[[Image:Fingolfin Heraldic Device.jpg|left|100px]]
'''Fingolfin''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[fiŋˈɡolfin]}}) was a [[High King of the Noldor]] in [[Beleriand]], eldest son of [[Finwë]] and [[Indis]], younger brother of [[Findis]], older brother of [[Irimë]] and [[Finarfin]], and the younger half-brother of [[Fëanor]]. His wife was [[Anairë]] and his children were [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Aredhel]], and [[Argon]].

== History ==
Fingolfin led the largest host of the Ñoldor when they fled [[Aman]] for [[Middle-earth]], even though he thought this unwise; he did not want to abandon his people to Fëanor. He was the one who took them across the ice of the [[Helcaraxë]], and soon after, at the rising of the Sun, he came to the [[Gates of Angband]] and smote upon them, but [[Morgoth]] stayed hidden inside. Fingolfin and the Noldor then came to the northern shores of [[Lake Mithrim]], from which the Fëanorian part of the host had withdrawn.

His son [[Fingon]] rescued [[Maedhros]], son of [[Fëanor]], who consequently waived his claim to kingship. Thus Fingolfin became High-King of the [[Noldor]]. He ruled from [[Hithlum]], by the northern shores of [[Lake Mithrim]].

After defeating the [[Orcs]] in the [[Dagor Aglareb]] ("Glorious Battle"), Fingolfin maintained the [[Siege of Angband]] for nearly four hundred years. But the Siege was ended by the sudden assaults of Morgoth in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame"), and many peoples of Beleriand fled. In the end Fingolfin rode to Angband alone to challenge Morgoth to single combat, and there died after a mighty duel, wounding Morgoth seven times with his sword [[Ringil]]. [[Thorondor]] the King of Eagles then brought Fingolfin's body to a mountaintop overlooking [[Gondolin]], and [[Turgon]] built a cairn over the remains of his father.
{{quote|In that vast shadow once of yore Fingolfin stood: his shield he bore with field of heaven’s blue and star of crystal shining pale afar. In overmastering wrath and hate desperate he smote upon that gate, the [[Gnomes|Gnomish]] king, there standing lone, while endless fortresses of stone engulfed the thin clear ringing keen of silver horn and baldric green.|''[[Lay of Leithian]]'', [[Lay of Leithian Canto XII|Canto XII]], lines 3538-3547}}

[[Fingon]] then became High King of the [[Noldor]].

== Etymology ==
Fingolfin's [[father-name]] was '''Ñolofinwë''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "Wise Finwë", pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌŋoloˈfinwe]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌŋoloˈɸinwe]}}, [[Third Age|TA]] [[Exilic Quenya|Exilic]] {{IPA|[ˌnoloˈfinwe]}}). His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''[[Arakáno|Aracáno]]''' ("High Chieftain", pron. {{IPA|[ˌaraˈkaːno]}}). ''Fingolfin'' is the [[Sindarin]] form of his father-name, with the word ''Finwë'' added to the beginning. The addition was done by Fingolfin himself in pursuance of his claim to be [[High King of the Noldor]] after his father's death <ref name="Notes">{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 344</ref>

== Genealogy ==
 
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | MIR |~|y|~| FIN |~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~| IND | | | | | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=[[Indis]]|MIR=[[Míriel Serindë|Míriel]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | FEA | | FDS | |!| | | IRM | | FIR | |FIN='''FINGOLFIN'''|FIR=[[Finarfin]]|FEA=[[Fëanor]]|FDS=[[Findis]]|IRM=[[Irimë]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | FNG |~|y|~| ANA | | | | | | | | | | |FNG='''FINGOLFIN'''|ANA=[[Anairë]]}}
{{familytree| | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | FIN | | ELE |y| TUR | | ARE |y| EOL | | ARG |FIN=[[Fingon]]|ARE=[[Aredhel]]|TUR=[[Turgon]]|ELE=[[Elenwë]]|EOL=[[Eöl]]|ARG=[[Argon]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | TUO |y| IDR | | | | | | MAE | | | | | | |MAE=[[Maeglin]]|IDR=[[Idril]]|TUO=[[Tuor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | EAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
 

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Fingolfin|Images of Fingolfin]]
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=noldor
|house=House of Finwë
|born=Y.T. 1190
|died=F.A. 455
}}
{{seq
|pvac=Vacant
|prev=[[Fëanor]], in {{YT|1497}}
|next=[[Fingon]]
|list=3rd [[High King of the Noldor]]
|dates={{FA|5}} – {{FA|455|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finwë]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin| ]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Fingolfin]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/fingolfin]]
[[fi:Fingolfin]]

Finwë

2011-08-03T18:26:17Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Sirielle Finwe face study.jpg|250px]]
| name=Finwë
| othernames=''Noldóran'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| position=
| realm=[[Tirion]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Common Eldarin]] and [[Quenya]]
| birth={{YT|1050}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]
| rule=After {{YT|1102}} - {{YT|1495|n}}
| death={{YT|1495}}
| deathlocation=[[Formenos]]
| age=445/4,293 [[Years of the Sun|years]]
| house=[[House of Finwë]]
| parentage=Firstborn
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Míriel Serindë]]; [[Indis]]
| children=[[Fëanor]], [[Irimë]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Finarfin]] and [[Findis]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Bright blue-grey<ref name="Eyes">{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 357, note 17</ref>
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}{{Pronounce|Finwe Noldoran.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|But Melkor was also there, and he came to the house of Fëanor and there he slew Finwë King of the Noldor before his doors, and spilled the first blood in the Blessed Realm; for Finwë alone had not fled from the horror of the Dark. |''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Flight of the Noldor]]}}</center>
'''Finwë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˈfinwe]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˈɸinwe]}}) was the first [[High King of the Noldor]] (as such he is sometimes surnamed '''Noldóran''') who led his [[Elves|Elven]] people on the journey from Middle-earth to [[Valinor]] in the blessed realm of [[Aman]]. He was a great friend of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], the King of [[Doriath]].

==History==
===Life in Middle-earth===

The first [[Elves]] awoke in [[Middle-earth]], near the [[Cuiviénen|Lake Cuiviénen]], sometime during the early [[Years of the Trees]]. Though it is not clearly stated in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Finwë was probably among the first [[Elves|Children of Ilúvatar]]. [[Oromë]], The Huntsman of the [[Valar]], while traveling in the [[Orocarni]] mountains, discovered the Elves and bonded friendship with their kin.

Later, as the Valar decided to call the first Children of [[Ilúvatar]] in Valinor, because they regarded this call with suspicion, he selected three elves to follow him into Aman and report back what they have seen, in the hopes that they could decimate the fears which were seeded into the hearts of the elves by [[Melkor]]'s own doing. The three elves were Finwë, [[Ingwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]], who would later become kings of the three fractions into which the elven race was split.

Enamoured by the wonders of Valinor, Finwë and his other two companions returned towards the Middle-earth and attempted to convince their race to follow them back into Aman. Those who agreed to follow Oromë received the name of [[Eldar]]. Among them were Finwë's people, the [[Noldor]]. They later became students of [[Aulë]] the Smith. Finwë's eldest son, [[Fëanor]], would become the greatest craftsman among the Elves of Valinor.

===Life in Valinor ===

Upon arriving in the blessed realm of Aman, Finwë was troubled only by the separation from his friend [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] who chose to remain in [[Beleriand]]. The Noldor settled on the [[Túna]] hill, raised for them by the Valar and, led by Finwë, they lived in the city of [[Tirion]], whom they shared with the [[Vanyar]]. It was during the building of Finwë's house that the masons found the earth-gems from which they crafted countless jewels to be given freely for the enrichment of Valinor. Later, Ingwë and his people left the city of Tirion and Finwë remained the only king to rule upon the Tuna hill.
[[Image:Finwe Heraldic Device.jpg|left|100px]]

Finwë's first wife was [[Míriel Serindë]], skilled in all things that required fineness. From their love a son was born, [[Curufinwë]], whom would later be known as Fëanor. As he was brought into the world, he depleted Míriel's strength and zest for life and she requested to be allowed to rest in the gardens of [[Irmo|Lórien]]. Finwë was deeply saddened by this event. He did not wish to leave the young child without a mother, nor did he want him to be their last. But as his wife explained that what would have nourished many children, was all invested in Fëanor, he had no other choice but to accept her request. And thus Míriel, with [[Manwë]]'s counsel, was placed asleep in Irmo's gardens. Her [[Fëa and hröa|fëa]] eventually departed from her body and she never returned to life.

This was a shocking event for all those present in Valinor, as never one of their own had died of free will. For some time, Finwë lived in sorrow and he often visited Míriel's body, but as his loneliness and lack of joy increased, he stopped seeing her altogether. His entire love now rested with his son, Fëanor, who grew up to be mighty and skilled in all things of hands and mind. He married [[Nerdanel]] and gave Finwë [[Sons of Fëanor|seven grandchildren]].

But Finwë was not content in living alone and he sought to marry for the second time. His wife was [[Indis|Indis the Fair]], a golden haired [[Vanya]], which he loved and whom brought him joy again. She gave him two sons, [[Fingolfin]] and [[Finarfin]], and two daughters, [[Findis]] and [[Irimë]]. And though he was now blissful again, the shadow of Míriel never left the House, especially since Fëanor opposed his father's second marriage. The sons of Finwë never lived together and never shared close bounds. And after the later events surrounding the [[Silmarils]] many blamed Finwë and his desire to have a second wife for the dreadful courses of all those in the House. Most of these accusations had no ground, as Finwë had always loved his eldest son above all others, and the events surrounding his death would prove it.

===Death===
After three ages of imprisonment, Melkor was released from the duress of Mandos and, as he gained the trust of the Valar again, he was allowed to roam freely in Valinor. The treacherous Melkor lusted for the Silmarils, those three great jewels made by the hands of Fëanor, at the might of his skill, and ever he sought a way to steal them. He launched such lies that all the Noldor began to strife, against themselves, against the other races and even against the Valar.

The House of Finwë was no exception. There was already grounds of argument between his sons, and these events only served to deepen them. Finwë called a council and tried to moderate them. For the moment, his action seemed to be crowned with success, as Fingolfin bowed before Finwë and silenced the thoughts and arguments he had in regards to his eldest brother. Soon after that the Valar called Fëanor to answer for his words against them. The stem of the evil was exposed and Melkor's actions revealed. However, Fëanor too was sentenced to twelve years outside Tirion, in the fortress of [[Formenos]]. Due to the great love he had for his eldest son, Finwë renounced his throne as the King of the Noldor and followed Fëanor at Formenos.

In his fixation to have the Silmarils for himself, Melkor went as far as to claim them at the gates of Formenos. He was fiercely rejected by Fëanor, while Finwë sent messengers to Manwë. It was during a time of festival, that Melkor returned. All the people of Valinor were engaged in the festivities, all except Finwë, who, out of devotion for Fëanor and bitterness for his sons' exile, chose to remain in Formenos, thus refused to obey Manwë's calling. After Melkor and [[Ungoliant]] stole the light of the [[Two Trees of Valinor]], they headed towards Formenos. Alone Finwë had the courage to stand before the horror of the Darkness. There, before the doors of Formenos, the former King of the Noldor had been killed and the first blood was spilled in the realm of Aman. Melkor forcefully entered the fortress and stole the Silmarils, sending the blessed realm into darkness and motioning the Noldor to depart from Valinor.

==Etymology==
Finwë's name is not clearly translated<ref>{{HM|PM}}, p. 340-341</ref>. ''[[Fin]]'' means "hair"<ref>{{S|Elements}}</ref> but also ''[[phin]]'' is translated as "nimbleness" or "skill"<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref>. ''[[finwa]]'' means "dexterous, clever"<ref>{{PE|17}} p.119, 181</ref>. To either of these two, the suffix ''[[-wë]]'' is added used generally for male names. In any case, his actual name during the Great March should be *''Phinwego'' (cf. ''[[-wego]]'')

''[[Noldóran]]'' (pron. {{IPA|[nolˈdoːran]}}), as Finwë was also called, means "King of the Noldor". It is formed by the union of [[Noldor]] and ''[[aran]]'', a [[Sindarin]] noun which means "king".

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==

In the first drafts of the genealogy, Finwë had four sons: the youngest was named ''[[Finrun]]'', but he was dropped after that, thus [[Finrod]] (later [[Finarfin]]) was Finwë's youngest son from then on.

In a later version Finwë had three [[Daughters of Finwë|daughters]] added by [[Indis]], [[Findis]] (as their first child) [[Faniel]] (as their third), and [[Finvain]] (as their youngest). In yet later versions, Faniel was apparently dropped, while Findis and Finvain were kept. Finvain (renamed [[Irimë]]) was moved to after Fingolfin, thus Finarfin was once again the youngest child of Finwë.

== Genealogy ==
Finwë had two wives. His first was [[Míriel Serindë|Míriel]], who passed away soon after bearing their only child, [[Fëanor]]. His second wife was [[Indis]], of the [[Vanyar]], who bore him two sons: [[Fingolfin]] and [[Finarfin]], and two daughters: [[Findis]] and [[Irimë]].

 
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | MIR |~|y|~| FIN |~|y|~| IND | | |FIN='''FINWË'''|IND=[[Indis]]|MIR=[[Míriel Serindë|Míriel]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | FEA | | | | |)| FDS | | | FDS=[[Findis]]|FEA=[[Fëanor]]|NRD=[[Nerdanel]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |)| FNG | | | |FNG=[[Fingolfin]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |)| IRM | |IRM=[[Irimë]]|MAG=[[Maglor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |`| FRF | | | | |FRF=[[Finarfin]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
 

{{references}}

* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Darkening of Valinor]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Flight of the Noldor]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Index of Names]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names]]
* ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[The Etymologies]]
* ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[The Shibboleth of Feanor]]

{{sequence
|prev=none
|next=[[Fëanor]] (in [[Middle-earth]]) [[Finarfin]] (in [[Valinor]])
|list=1st [[High King of the Noldor]] c. YT 1102 – 1495
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Finwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:House of Finwë| ]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Finwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/finwe]]
[[fi:Finwë]]

Gil-galad

2011-08-03T18:24:02Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{sources}}
{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Soni - Gil-galad at the Last Alliance.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gil-galad
| othernames=''Artanáro''/''Rodnor'' ([[Quenya|Q]]/[[Sindarin|S]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Ereinion'' ([[Sindarin|S]], [[Epessë|epessë]])
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| position=
| realm=[[Havens of Sirion]]; [[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=c. {{FA|450}}
| birthlocation=Presumably [[Nargothrond]]
| rule={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| death={{SA|3441}}
| deathlocation=[[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| age=c. 3581
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Orodreth]]
| siblings=[[Finduilas]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Aeglos]]
| steed=
}}
{{Pronounce|Ereinion Gil-galad.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|Gil-galad was an Elven-king Of him the harpers sadly sing The last whose realm was fair and free Between the Mountains and the Sea.|From [[The Fall of Gil-galad]], as translated by [[Bilbo Baggins]]}}</center>
'''Ereinion Gil-galad''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[eˈreɪnjon ˈɡilɡalad]}}) was the sixth and last [[High King of the Noldor]]. He was the son of [[Orodreth]] (in the Silmarillion he is the son of [[Fingon]]), who was in turn the son of [[Angrod]] of [[Finarfin]]'s house. Gil-galad was born in [[Beleriand]] late in the First Age, and was still a child at the time of the [[Dagor Bragollach]] where his grandfather [[Angrod]] was killed; therefore his father sent him to [[Círdan]] at the [[Havens of the Falas]] for safekeeping when [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]] in that battle. Gil-galad was a descendant of the Noldor, Teleri and Vanyar. Teleri from his great-grandmother Eärwen who was the daughter of Olwë and Vanyarin from his Great-Great-grandmother Indis. Nonetheless, he was counted among the Noldor.

== History ==
Fingon fell in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and the crown passed to [[Turgon]] in Gondolin. When Gondolin was lost, Gil-galad received the Kingship of the Noldor, as his father had been killed in [[Nargothrond]]. He dwelt with the Exiles of the city at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] during the remainder of the First Age.

After the destruction of [[Beleriand]] during the [[War of Wrath]], Gil-galad founded a kingdom in [[Lindon]] in the far northwest of Middle-earth, between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]. There he and his people prospered, until [[Sauron]] returned; he came first to Lindon in the form of [[Annatar]], the "Lord of Gifts", but Gil-galad and [[Elrond]] rejected him. Soon after, [[the One Ring]] was forged, and [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] began. Once [[Eregion]] fell to Sauron, Gil-Galad received the Elven Rings [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]], while the third ring, [[Nenya]] was given to [[Galadriel]]. He would later give Narya to Cirdan and after his death Vilya passed to Elrond.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his sons came to Middle-earth and formed an alliance with Gil-galad, the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. They marched on Mordor and besieged [[Sauron]]'s [[Dark Tower]]. Sauron was defeated, but Gil-galad met his death in that war. According to the laws of succession, Elrond should have become the next High King of the Noldor, but he refused the crown{{fact}}, and Gil-galad became the last King of the Noldor in Middle-earth.

Gil-galad's weapon was the spear [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]].

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
[[Image:Shrunken Gil-galad.jpg|thumb|[[Mark Ferguson]] as Gil-galad in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]]]
Originally in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Gil-galad was the son of [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]]. In the ''[[Grey Annals]]'', however, Felagund had no son, leaving his wife in [[Tirion]] at the [[Flight of the Noldor]]. Later writings, specifically the ''[[Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'', presents the fact that Gil-galad was the son of Orodreth, who was in fact the son of Angrod. In the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[The Mariner's Wife]]'' Gil-galad is said to have been the son of [[Fingon]]. However, [[Christopher Tolkien]] later admitted that it was a rushed choice, and that Gil-galad was Orodreth's son in the original manuscripts written by his father.

== Etymology ==

''Gil-galad'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, meaning "Star of bright light". The name consists of the elements ''[[gil]]'' ("star") + ''[[galad]]'' ("radiance").<ref name=RGEO>{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 73</ref>

''Gil-galad ''was his [[Amilessë|mother-name]], and it was his preferred name in his youth. His [[father-name]] was '''''Rodnor''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈrodnor]}}), or in [[Quenya]], '''''Artanáro''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌartaˈnaːro]}}).

As High King of the Noldor, his [[epessë]] was '''''Ereinion''''', "Scion of Kings" (from ''[[erain]]'' = "kings" and ''[[ion]]'' = "son").

== Portrayals in adaptations==
'''2001''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:In the prologue, Gil-galad can be seen holding one of the three Elven rings. Later, he is seen wielding his spear Aeglos in the Battle of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. His death is not shown, and he does not take down Sauron. He is played by [[Mark Ferguson]].

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ARF |y| EAR | | | | | | |ARF=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | FIN | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |FIN=[[Finrod]]|ANG=[[Angrod]]|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | | | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | GIL | | | | FIN | | | | | | | |GIL='''GIL-GALAD'''|FIN=[[Finduilas]] }}
{{familytree/end}}

{{sequence
|prev=[[Turgon]]
|next=none (abandoned)
|list=6th [[High King of the Noldor]] <code>I</code> 510 – <code>II</code> 3441
}}
== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Gil-galad|Images of Gil-galad]].
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:House of Olwë]]
[[category:amilessi]]
[[category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Gil-galad]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:gil-galad]]
[[fi:Gil-galad]]

Míriel

2011-08-03T18:19:54Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{disambig-more|Míriel|[[Míriel (disambiguation)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - A Tapestry of Sorrows.jpg|250px]]
| name=Míriel
| othernames=''[[Serindë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], "Broideress")
| titles=Queen of the Noldor
| position=
| realm=[[Tirion]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Common Eldarin]] and [[Quenya]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{YT|1170}} or {{YT|1179}}
| deathlocation=[[Lórien (Valinor)|Gardens of Lórien]] (Returned to life after {{YT|1495}})
| age=
| house=[[House of Finwë]] (by marriage)
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Finwë]]
| children=[[Fëanor]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Silver<ref name="HairEye">{{MR|P3I6}}, p. 185</ref>
| eyes=Dark<ref name="HairEye"/>
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|Míriel was the name of his mother, who was called Serindë, because of her surpassing skill in weaving and needlework; for her hands were more skilled to fineness than any hands even among the Noldor.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor ]]}}</center>

'''Míriel Serindë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmiːri.el seˈrinde]}}), also spelled '''Þerindë''' (pron. {{IPA|[θeˈrinde]}}), was the first wife of [[Finwë]], [[King of the Noldor]]. Her son was ''[[Curufinwë]]'', whom she called [[Fëanor|Fëanáro]], which means "Spirit of Fire". Miriel's hair was described as being silver in appearance, an unusual color for one of the [[Noldor]].

==History==
Míriel lived in the blessed realm of [[Aman]], in the hill city of [[Tirion]] on [[Tuna]], together with her husband [[Finwe]] High King of the [[Noldor]]. Her hands were skilled in the shaping of fine things, and she was unsurpassed in weaving and needlework.

There was much love between Miriel and Finwë, and even more for her son, but after giving birth to [[Fëanor]], her body and her spirit were consumed and she wished to be released from life everlasting, saying that there was no strength left in her to bare another son. Despite Finwë's grief, and her unhappiness to abandon her young child, Míriel departed for the gardens of [[Irmo|Lórien]], to rest and regain her strength and vigour. But during her rest, the [[Fëa and hröa|fëa]] departed from her body, and entered the [[Halls of Mandos]] leaving her body laying lifeless and still. Maidens of [[Estë]] took care of her body while her spirit remained in the Halls Of Mandos, so that it would not whither. In essence, she had died of free will. This was seen as a shocking event by the [[Valar]] and [[Eldar]] which had never before occurred. [[Manwë]] allowed Finwë to take another wife given these exceptional circumstances.

After the death of Finwë, Míriel was granted permission to return to life, where she entered the service of [[Vairë]], her task to weave all the deeds of the [[House of Finwë]] in the [[Tapestry of Time]].

==Etymology==
The name '''Míriel''' means "Jewel-daughter" in [[Quenya]], from ''[[mír]]'' ("jewel") and ''[[-iel]]'' ("daughter"). Her ''[[epessë]]'' '''[[Serindë]]''', or '''Þerindë''' in the [[Quenya]] of [[Tirion]], means "the Broideress", referring to her work for Vairë.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the beginning of ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'', Fëanor is an adult, and Míriel is still alive. There the similarities between mother and son, such as their stubbornness, are revealed. Fëanor's reaction to his mother's death is also presented, as he guarded her [[Fëa and hröa|hröa]], which was placed in a garden, for some time after her passing. In the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', Míriel died soon after birth.

== Genealogy ==
 
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | MIR |~|y|~| FIN |~|y|~| IND | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=[[Indis]]|MIR=[[Míriel Serindë|MÍRIEL SERINDË]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | FEA | | | | |)| FDS | | | FDS=[[Findis]]|FEA=[[Fëanor]]|NRD=[[Nerdanel]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |)| FNG | | | |FNG=[[Fingolfin]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |)| IRM | |IRM=[[Irimë]]|MAG=[[Maglor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |`| FRF | | | | |FRF=[[Finarfin]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
 

{{references}}
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor]]
* ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', [[The Shibboleth of Feanor]]

==See Also==
* [[:Category:Images of Míriel Serindë|Images of Míriel Serindë]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miriel Serinde}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[de:Míriel Serinde]]
[[fi:Míriel]]

Lonely Mountain

2011-08-02T21:11:41Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{disambig-more|Lonely Mountain|[[Lonely Mountain (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:Rob Alexander - The Lonely Mountain.jpg|250px]]
| name = Erebor
| meaning = Lonely Mountain
| type = Monarchy/Lordship
| hidep=yes
| headofstate = [[King under the Mountain]]/[[King of Durin's folk]]
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital =
| language = [[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]
| location = North of [[Esgaroth]], west of the [[Iron Hills]],
| populace= Dwarves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = Part of the Exiled [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] led by King [[Thrór]] in [[Third Age 2590|T.A. 2590]]
| established = [[Third Age 2590|T.A. 2590]]
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = [[Third Age 2770 | T.A. 2770]]
| restored = [[Third Age 2941 | T.A. 2941]]
}}{{Pronounce|Erebor.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Erebor''', or the '''Lonely Mountain''' (which it translates as from [[Sindarin]]), was a mountain in the northeast of [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]]. It was the source of the river [[Running]], and a major [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] [[Dwarf realms|stronghold]] at the end of the [[Third Age]] and well into the [[Fourth Age|Fourth]].

==History==
===[[Years of the Trees]] and the [[First Age]]===

Erebor was first discovered and colonized by the [[Longbeards]] some time after [[Durin|Durin I]] awoke in [[Mount Gundabad]]. It was inhabited by a mining colony for thousands of years, and was connected by the [[Forest Road]]; Which was built by the Dwarves to connect all of its mining colonies. It ran from the [[High Pass]] through [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] (Later called Mirkwood) to the river [[Running]] that went all the way up to the [[Iron Hills]], which was east of Erebor.

===From Colony to Capital===

Erebor continued as a colony for millenia, until the awakening of [[Durin's Bane]] in the capital of [[Khazad-dûm]]. In [[Third Age 1980 | T.A.1980]], King [[Durin VI]] was killed by the creature, and in [[Third Age 1981 | 1981]] after the death of Durin's oldest son and heir King [[Náin I]]; the next in line [[Thráin I]] with the rest of his people fled Khazad-dùm (Renamed Moria).
Thráin with those who would follow him, went to the colony in Erebor in [[Third Age 1999 | 1999]]. Where he made himself [[King under the Mountain]], and relocated the capital of the Longbeards.
Under Thráin's rule the [[Arkenstone]] was discovered, and many riches were mined from its depths; After Thráin's death and his son [[Thorin I]] had ruled in Erebor for ten years, he abandoned the mountain in [[Third Age 2210 | 2210]] for the [[Grey Mountains]]; where his people were now gathering.

===Decline===

After King Thorin left the mountain was once again a colony, and its status as capital city was transfered to the Ered Mithrin.

It was nearly four hundred years before Durin's folk returned in mass to Erebor. The reason for this being that the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] had been fighting a [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons |war]] against the [[Dragons]], who had plagued the Dwarves for hundreds of years. In the year [[Third Age 2590 | 2589]] King [[Náin II]] and middle son [[Frór]] were killed by a great [[Cold-drake]] at the entrance to their halls, which led to the decision by the two remaining heirs, [[Thrór]] and [[Grór]], to leave the mountains with those who wished to follow them.
==Reestablishment==
The [[Third Age 2590|following year]] the now king Thrór, led a group back to Erebor, while his borther Grór led another portion to the Iron Hills, and even some stayed behind in the Ered Mithrin.

Thrór eventually made it to Erebor, and declared himself [[King under the Mountain]]. Under Thrór's rule Erebor once again became the capital of Durin's folk, the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] became the best crafters and masons in Wilderland, trade increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills and elsewhere, and they also became very rich.

===[[Sack of Erebor]] and exile===

But with this new found prosperity came trouble. it wasn't long before the great dragon [[Smaug]] heard of their great wealth, and one day decided to take their treasure for himself. in the year [[Third Age 2770 | 2770]] Smaug descended on the mountain in a ball of fire. He killed King [[Girion]] of [[Dale]] with many of his knights, and he killed a large amount of the Dwarves living in the mountain. Most of the survivors fled to the Iron Hills, others went with the royal family into exile, and some simply went their own way.

The Lonely Mountain was empty for over two hundred years, save the ever vigilant Smaug who slept in the inner most chamber on a great pile of wealth. But while Durin's folk wandered from the mountain to [[Dunland]] to the northern [[Blue Mountains]]; they ever longed for the halls of Erebor.

===The Quest of Erebor and restoration===

It wasn't until Thrór's grandson [[Thorin Oakenshield|Thorin II Oakenshield]] met the Wizard [[Gandalf]] that the hopes of retaking Erebor seemed possible. Indeed in the year [[Third Age 2941 | 2941]] with Gandalf's council, king Thorin and a small company of friends and family actually made it to the Lonely Mountain. After the Dragon Smaug had realized that the Dwarves had been helped by the [[Men of Dale]] he went to their town of [[Esgaroth]] intent on destroying them. Only to be killed by a man named [[Bard I|Bard the Bowman]].
With the help of a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] named [[Bilbo Baggins]] Thorin and company were able to retake the city and the treasure. Therefore allowing Thorin to proclaim himself King under the Mountain. But after refusing to give any of the treasure to the Men of Esgaroth, and the [[Elves of Mirkwood]], the mountain and the Dwarves and Hobbit in it were put under a bloodless siege.
Things nearly came to blows when Thorin's cousin [[Dáin Ironfoot]] (Grór's grandson) arrived as aid to his kinsman and nearly went to battle against the besiegers. But Gandalf interceded and warned them all of a great host of [[Orcs]] and [[Wargs]] coming to take the mountain. So the Elves, Men, and Dwarves made an alliance, and fought a [[Battle of Five Armies | bloody batte]] against their foes in the valley before the gate of Erebor.

In the end the defenders were victorious against the Orcs and Wargs, but king Thorin was mortally wounded and his nephews were both killed in the battle, and after Thorin's death Dáin was made king of Durin's folk and of the mountain. Finally after so many years of longing the Longbeards finally could return to Erebor.

===Prosperity and the [[War of the Ring]]===

Under Dáin's rule the Dwarves of Erebor became very rich and prosperous. They rebuilt the town of [[Dale]], their trade greatly increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills once again and with Men; and Erebor was restored to its original greatness.
But once again trouble began to brew in the east. The Men of Dale were nearing war with the [[Easterlings]], and in the year [[Third Age 3019 | 3019]] an emissary from [[Sauron]] came to Erebor and told Dáin that if he were to give up the location of Bilbo (Who had discovered the [[Ring of Power]] in his travels) that Sauron would return to him the three remaining [[Seven Rings|Dwarven rings]]. But being wary of the emissary, Dáin sent his kinsmen [[Glóin (Son of Thorin I)|Glóin]] to [[Rivendell]] to warn Bilbo that Sauron was after him.

Several months later war broke out between Dale and the East. Dale was driven from their borders at the river Running, and was besieged in their city of Dale for three days in what became the [[Battle of Dale]]. Even with the aid of the Dwarves they could not stop the advance of the Easterlings; and on the third day as the Men and Dwarves retreated into the mountain, King [[Brand]] and King Dáin were killed at the its very gates. The Dwarves and Men held out for several days until word reached the ears of the Easterlings that the great hosts of Sauron in the south had been defeated in the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. With this news fear fell on the besiegers. When the besieged saw this they came forth from the Erebor, and attacked their enemy driving them from Dale across the Running, never to be bothered again.

After the death of his father, [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]] became king of Durin's folk, and Erebor. Little is known of his reign other than his people helping rebuild the cities of [[Gondor]] and the fortress of [[Helm's Deep]], and part of his people moving to the [[Glittering Caves]]. Erebor continued to prosper until the world grew old and the races of Durin ended.

==Description==
The main entrance into the mountain was the [[Gate of Erebor]] on the south side, opening onto a valley between two great spurs of the mountain. At the end of the southwestern spur was [[Ravenhill]], where there was a lookout post. The River Running sprang from beneath the mountain and issued from the [[Front Gate]], forming a waterfall that fell into the valley below.
Inside the gate was a broad paved road that went alongside the river in a wide curve leading into the mountain. Not very far from the entrance was the Great Chamber of Thror where feasts and councils were held.
In the Lower Halls, there was a vast chamber called the Great Hall of Thráin at the root of the mountain. From there a secret passageway led to a hidden door in the western side of the mountain. The [[Back Door]] was invisible from the outside except on Durin's Day, when the light of the setting sun would reveal the keyhole. These were the only places talked about in the books. However the city beneath Erebor was very large with many mines, halls, mansions, etc.

{{references}}
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Hobbit]]'', passim.
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[Many Meetings]]
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Return of the King]]'', passim.
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]]: III Durin's Folk
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Quest of Erebor]]
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''
[[Category:Cities, Towns and Villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[de:Erebor]]
[[fi:Erebor]]

Éothéod

2011-08-02T21:01:23Z

Hurin Thalion: iw

{{cleanup}}
The '''Éothéod''' were a race of [[Northmen]] who were the ancestors of the [[Rohirrim]].
==History==
During the [[Third Age]], first mention of the Éothéod is when remnants of the Northmen, after the [[Battle of the Plains]] followed [[Marhwini]] to the [[Vales of Anduin]], soon joined by many fugitives from [[Mirkwood]] whose lands were taken by the [[Wainriders]]. [[Gondor]] did not know about their existence for many years.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|8}}</ref>

Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar]] that the Wainriders were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]] but the enslaved Northmen also prepared a revolt against the Wainriders. Calimehtar therefore provoked the Wainriders out of [[Ithilien]], and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by Marhwini, drove the Wainriders back.<ref name="Cirion"/>

Desperate poorly-armed outlaws came out of Mirkwood and roused the slaves. They burned many Wainriders dwellings, storehouses and fortified camps of wagons. Most of them perished in the attempt fighting the Wainriders' youths, women and old men. Marhwini retired to his land beside the Anduin, and the Northmen of his race never again returned to their former homes.<ref name="Cirion"/>

[[Forthwini]] was troubled by raids into the south of his land, both up the the river and through the [[Narrows]] of Mirkwood and warned King [[Ondoher]] that the Wainriders were recovering. The attack finally came and men of the Éothéod fought with Ondoher. [[Faramir son of Ondoher]] refused to remain in [[Minas Tirith]] and joined a battalion of Éothéod but was caught with a party of them as they retreated towards the [[Dead Marshes]]. The leader of the Éothéod did not manage to save him and Faramir died in his arms, before he found out that he was the Prince. He then went to join [[Minohtar]] at the head of the [[North Road]] in Ithilien. Eventually the Wainriders were defeated by [[Earnil II]] at the [[Battle of the Camp]].<ref name="Cirion"/>

The Éothéod were now well-known to Gondor as a people of good trust. They informed Gondor of all that passed in that region. After the fall of [[Angmar]] they moved under [[Frumgar]] to a new land north of Mirkwood, between the Misty Mountains and the [[Forest River]] away from the ravages of the [[Easterlings]] and [[Orcs]]. Southward it extended to the confluence of [[Greylin]] and [[Langwell]] sources of the Great River [[Anduin]], near where the [[Ered Mithrin]] met the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name="Cirion"/> They founded their capitol there.

Some time later their king [[Fram]], son of Frumgar, slew the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Scatha]]. The Éothéod capital was named ''[[Framsburg]]'' in his honour. After Fram nothing is known of the leaders of Éothéod until much later time, when king [[Léod]] was killed trying to tame the [[Horses|horse]] [[Felaróf]], first of the ''[[Mearas]]'' of Rohan. His son and successor [[Eorl the Young]] tamed the horse, taking it into service as compensation for his father's life.

During the rule of the ruling [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]] [[Cirion]] had always in his mind the menace from the North. It was thus not until the winter of {{TA|2509}} was past that he became aware that a great movement against Gondor was being prepared. Gondor faced an attack by the evil ''[[Balchoth]]'', and Cirion sent messengers to the Éothéod capital. King Eorl answered the call for help, and rode out with most of the Éothéod to help their allies of old, leaving only a few warriors behind to protect his people. The Riders arrived just in time to help the army of Gondor at the [[Field of Celebrant]], and after defeating the enemy Cirion asked the Éothéod to watch over the depopulated province of [[Calenardhon]].

Three months later Cirion gave Calenardhon as a gift to Eorl and his people, and Eorl swore his [[Oath of Eorl|Oath]] of eternal friendship. Messengers were sent north, and the Éothéod completely removed to the plains of Calenardhon.

The Éothéod renamed themselves ''Eorlingas'' or "followers of Eorl", but in [[Sindarin]] they became known as the [[Rohirrim]], or ''Horse-lords'', and their country became known as [[Rohan]], the Riddermark.

==Etymology==
The name Éothéod is an Anglo-Saxon word meaning "horse people". It renders the original [[Rohirric]] word '''[[Lohtûr]]'''; "loho-" or "lô-" correspond to the Anglo-Saxon "éo-", meaning "horse".
{{references}}
[[Category:Northmen]]
[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[de:Éothéod]]