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The Hobbit (film series)

2012-12-31T22:43:37Z

Icarus: /* Lego */

{{Currentevent}}
{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit (film series) - logo.jpg|250px]]
| name=The Hobbit
| director=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="HBTitles">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563|articlename=Titles and Release Dates Announced|dated=31-May-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref> [[Andy Serkis]] (Second Unit Director)<ref name="HBAndy"/>
| producer=Peter Jackson [[Fran Walsh]] [[Carolynne Cunningham]] [[Philippa Boyens]] (Co-Producer) [[Ken Kamins]] (Executive Producer) [[Zane Weiner]] (Executive Producer)<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| writer=[[Guillermo del Toro]] Peter Jackson Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| narrator=
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]] [[Ian McKellen]] [[Richard Armitage]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/> ''[[The Hobbit (film series)#Confirmed cast|See cast section below for more]]''
| music=[[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
| cinematography=[[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
| editing=
| studio=[[New Line Cinema]] [[MGM]] [[WingNut Films]]<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| distributor=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| released='''''An Unexpected Journey''''': 14 December, 2012 '''''The Desolation of Smaug''''': 13 December, 2013 '''''There and Back Again''''': 18 July, 2014<ref name="HBTitles2">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/the-hobbit-trilogy-titles-and-release-dates/|articlename=The Hobbit Trilogy titles and release dates|dated=2-September-2012|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=2-September-2012}}</ref>
| runtime=
| country=New Zealand United Kingdom United States
| language=English
| budget=
| website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ Official Blog]
| imdb_id=0903624
}}
'''''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''''', '''''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''''', and '''''[[The Hobbit: There and Back Again]]''''', known collectively as '''''The Hobbit''''', are three live-action films based upon [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien's]] [[1937]] [[The Hobbit|novel of the same name]].<ref name="HBTitles"/><ref name="HBTitles2"/> The three films are being directed by [[Peter Jackson]] and are conceived as prequels to Jackson's earlier project, [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]].<ref name="PJCasting1"/><ref name="PJFilmThree"/>

[[Martin Freeman]] has been cast to play the films' title role of [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref name="PJCasting1"/> Meanwhile [[Richard Armitage]] will portray [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]],<ref name="PJCasting1"/> while [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] has been cast as [[Smaug]].<ref name="PJCasting4"/> Several cast members from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] will reprise their roles, including [[Ian McKellen]] as [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]], [[Cate Blanchett]] as [[Galadriel]], [[Andy Serkis]] as [[Gollum]], and [[Elijah Wood]] as [[Frodo]].<ref name="PJCasting1"/>

Filming in [[New Zealand]] began on [[21 March]], [[2011]] and ended on [[6 July]], [[2012]];<ref name="BBCNews1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12803125|articlename=Hobbit filming finally under way|dated=21-March-2011|website=[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ BBC News Online]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><ref name="PJFilming"/> Like ''The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy'', ''The Hobbit'' films are being produced back-to-back and released over three consecutive years: '''''An Unexpected Journey''''' was released in North America on [[14 December]], [[2012]], with '''''The Desolation of Smaug''''' set for [[13 December]], [[2013]], and '''''There and Back Again''''' set for [[18 July]], [[2014]].<ref name="HBTitles"/><ref name="HBTitles2"/>

[[Peter Jackson]] initially planned to produce two films, but following the conclusion of principal photography, and on seeing early cuts of these films, he decided that he wanted 'to tell more of the tale'. Therefore on [[30 July]], [[2012]], Jackson announced that 'two films will become three'.<ref name="PJFilmThree"/><ref name="FilmThreePR">{{webcite|author=[[New Line Cinema]], [[MGM|Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios]], and [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/notes/the-hobbit/peter-jacksons-long-awaited-filmed-adaptation-of-the-hobbit-to-be-a-trilogy/413954741973470|articlename=PETER JACKSON’S LONG-AWAITED FILMED ADAPTATION OF THE HOBBIT TO BE A TRILOGY|dated=30-July-2012|website=Facebook|accessed=30-July-2012}}</ref>

==Plot==
The three ''Hobbit'' films are expected to follow [[The_Hobbit#Synopsis|the plot]] from [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien's]] ''[[The Hobbit]]'' in addition to added details revealed in [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|the Appendices]] to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

For more specific information see the plot section for each respective film:

*[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey#Plot|''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''#Plot]]
*[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug#Plot|''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''#Plot]]
*[[The Hobbit: There and Back Again#Plot|''The Hobbit: There and Back Again''#Plot]]

==Development==
===Origins===
[[Peter Jackson]] and [[Fran Walsh]] first considered the possibility of filming ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in [[1995]]. They hoped to produce three films, the first based on ''The Hobbit'', with the second and third films being adaptations of ''The Lord of the Rings''. Rights to ''The Hobbit'' proved difficult to secure because whilst [[Saul Zaentz]] owned the production rights, [[United Artists]] held the distribution rights. After much wrangling with studios and the script, filming began for the three-film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings''. The notion of a ''Hobbit'' film was consequently put to one side. Indeed, after completing his ''Lord of the Rings'' trilogy project, Jackson was averse to the idea of directing an adaptation of ''The Hobbit''.<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide">[[Brian Sibley]], ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Official Movie Guide]]'' (2012)</ref>

{{Blockquote|If I were to make these films, I would be frustrated because I would be constantly thinking about what I had done on ''The Lord of the Rings''. I would somehow feel that I had to build or improve on that. I thought it would be a fairly unsatisfying experience to have to compete against my own movies.|[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/>}}

===Directorship===
The apathy of [[Peter Jackson]] was the first obstacle to block the way to a ''Hobbit'' film (or films). In early [[2005]] it came to public attention that Jackson was suing [[New Line Cinema]].<ref name="BBCNewsPJSues">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4312463.stm|articlename=Director sues over Rings profits|dated=2-Mar-2005|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref> This cast doubt on whether or not The Hobbit would ever be made. Jackson later told fans that, due to the dispute, he would neither direct nor produce the film.<ref name="BBCNewsPJSues" /> In late 2007 it was confirmed that Jackson would not direct, but ''would'' be an executive producer for two Hobbit movies.<ref name="BBCNewsPJProducer">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7150644.stm|articlename=Jackson to produce Hobbit movies|dated=18-Dec-2007|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref> It was later announced that [[Guillermo del Toro]] would direct the films, and that Jackson will be an active 'executive producer' with the possibility that he would help direct some scenes if necessary.<ref name="BBCNewsGdTDirector">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7366375.stm|articlename=Del Toro to direct Hobbit movies|dated=25-April-2008|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref>

However, on [[30 May]] [[2010]] it was revealed that del Toro could no longer commit himself to direct ''The Hobbit'' films, citing the continued delays in production in his reasoning.<ref name="BBCNewsGdTDirectorLeave">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10204138|articlename=Guillermo del Toro 'leaves' as director of The Hobbit|dated=1-June-2010|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref> Peter Jackson later announced that he would direct both films.<ref name="NZHPJDirector">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10681008|articlename=The Hobbit gets green light, Jackson to direct|dated=16-Oct-2010|website=[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/ NZ Herald News]|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref>

===The Tolkien Estate's legal action against New Line Cinema===
{{Blockquote|The estate has [...] asked for a court order giving them the ability to terminate any rights the studio have to make films based on other Tolkien works, including The Hobbit.|BBC News Online<ref name="BBCNewsTELegal"/>}}
Production of ''The Hobbit'' films was held up by the [[Tolkien Estate|Tolkien Estate's]] legal action against [[New Line Cinema]]. The Estate should have received 7.5 per cent of all profits from the films under the agreement made by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] with United Artists in [[1969]]. Crucially, they also sought to stop the production of ''The Hobbit'' films until the case was settled.<ref name="BBCNewsTELegal">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7240421.stm|articlename=Rings film studio sued for $150m|dated=12-Feb-2009|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref> The legal row was finally settled in September [[2009]] after the Tolkien Estate successfully sued New Line Cinema for breach of contract and fraud, receiving a reported $220 million in compensation.<ref name="BBCNewsTELegalSettle">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8245300.stm|articlename=Legal path clear for Hobbit movie|dated=8-September-2009|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref>

===Industrial dispute in New Zealand===
Even before the issue of the directorship had been settled, and before the project was given the go-ahead by the studios, the International Federation of Actors (IFA) told actors to actively avoid participation in the production of ''The Hobbit'' films.<ref name="BBCIndustrial1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11414204|articlename=Union tell actors to avoid Hobbit films|dated=26-September-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> The IFA issued this "Do Not Work Order", on [[24 September]], [[2010]], on the basis that the studios refused to engage in union-negotiated contracts.<ref name="FIADNW">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.aftra.org/4AB692BB8467439D83C12A8A2C44B077.htm|articlename=FIA Do Not Work Order: 'The Hobbit'|dated=24-September-2010|website=[http://www.aftra.org/ The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists]|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> Meanwhile the studios argued that they could not make an agreement with a trade union under New Zealand law.<ref name="BBCIndustrial1"/>

[[Peter Jackson]] subsequently warned that the dispute could lead to a huge delay and that production could easily transfer to Eastern Europe.<ref name="BBCIndustrial2">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11417340|articlename=Peter Jackson threatens Hobbit shutdown|dated=27-September-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> John Key, the incumbent Prime Minister of New Zealand, weighed in on the dispute saying that he hoped the dispute would not force ''The Hobbit'' production to move overseas. He also announced that the New Zealand government had gotten involved in the discussions.<ref name="BBCIndustrial3">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11465248|articlename=Hobbit movie 'should stay in New Zealand' says PM|dated=4-October-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref>

Whilst the studios announced that filming would begin the following February,<ref name="BBCIndustrial4">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11560411|articlename=The Hobbit to begin filming in February next year|dated=17-October-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> the dispute remained unsettled. With the studios seriously considering moving the production abroad, large numbers of New Zealanders protested in Auckland, [[Wellington]], and Christ Church.<ref name="BBCIndustrial5">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11617860|articlename=New Zealanders rally behind Hobbit shoot|dated=25-October-2012|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> A settlement was finally reached on [[27 October]], [[2010]], with the Prime Minister himself announcing the news, hoping to prevent the loss of jobs in New Zealand and to reinforce the country's Tolkien tourism industry.<ref name=BBCIndustrial6>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11633724|articlename=The Hobbit will be made in New Zealand, PM confirms|dated=27-October-2012|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> As part of the agreement, the New Zealand government passed legislation which clarified that film industry workers are independent contractors rather than employees.<ref name="BBCIndustrial7>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11649734|articlename=Hobbit legislation passed in New Zealand|dated=29-October-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> Filming finally began on [[21 March]], [[2011]].<ref name="BBCNews1"/>

===Film Three===
The original plan was to produce two films, entitled ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' and ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'' (to be released in [[14 December]] [[2012]] and [[13 December]] [[2013]] respectively).<ref name="HBTitles"/>

With principle photography coming to a close in [[July]], [[2012]],<ref name="PJFilming">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151062342726558&set=a.10150238899061558.364437.141884481557&type=1|articlename=We made it!|dated=6-July-2012|website=FB|accessed=6-July-2012}}</ref> [[Peter Jackson|Jackson]] began to discuss the notion of a third film with [[Fran Walsh]] and [[Philippa Boyens]].<ref name="EmpireDecember2012">Ian Nathan, 'An Unexpected Trilogy', ''Empire'', 282 (December 2012)</ref>

At [[Wikipedia:San Diego Comic-Con International|San Diego Comic-Con International]] 2012, [[Peter Jackson]] revealed that he hoped to film more material (based on [[The Appendices]]) in [[2013]]; this led to speculation that there could be a third "Hobbit" film. These rumours gained substance following media reports that Jackson was in discussion with [[Warner Bros.]] about the notion of an additional film.<ref>{{webcite|author=Ben Fritz, Steven Zeitchik and Nicole Sperling|articleurl=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-hobbit-third-movie-jackson-20120724,0,2208206.story|articlename=|dated=24-July-2012|website=[http://www.latimes.com/ Los Angeles Times]|accessed=26-July-2012}}</ref> It later emerged that Walsh and Boyens were sent to Los Angeles to pitch the idea to [[Warner Bros.]] whilst Jackson continued to shoot footage.<ref name="EmpireDecember2012"/>

On [[30 July]], [[2012]], [[Peter Jackson]] announced that there would indeed be a third "Hobbit" film. After watching the early cuts of the first two films, Jackson, Walsh and Boyens decided that they wanted to tell more of the story.<ref name="PJFilmThree">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/an-unexpected-journey/10151114596546558|articlename=An unexpected journery|dated=30-July-2012|website=Facebook|accessed=20-July-2012}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|We know how much of the story of [[Bilbo Baggins]], the Wizard [[Gandalf]], the Dwarves of [[Erebor]], the rise of the [[Sauron|Necromancer]], and the Battle of [[Dol Guldur]] will remain untold if we do not take this chance. The richness of the story of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', as well as some of the related material in the appendices of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', allows us to tell the full story of the adventures of Bilbo Baggins and the part he played in the sometimes dangerous, but at all times exciting, history of Middle-earth.|[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="PJFilmThree"/>}}

On [[31 August]], [[2012]], it was revealed that the titles of the second and third films would be ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'' and ''[[The Hobbit: There and Back Again]]'' respectively. The release of the first and second film remained unchanged, whilst the third film is due for release on [[18 July]], [[2014]].<ref name="HBTitles2"/>

==Filming==
[[File:The Hobbit (film series) - Peter Jackson Filming.jpg|thumb|right|Peter Jackson on the last day of principal photography.]]Back-to-back filming for ''The Hobbit'' films began [[21 March]], [[2011]].<ref name="BBCNews1"/> All location filming was done at sites across [[New Zealand]], and most on-set filming took place at [[Stone Street Studio]], [[Wellington]].<ref name="ProductionVideo7">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=10151028043926807|articlename=THE HOBBIT, Production Video #7|dated=6-June-2011|website=FB|accessed=6-June-2012}}</ref> Filming also took place at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom in [[July]], [[2011]]. Using their F Stage and N&P Stages, the production filmed scenes with [[Christopher Lee]] who could not fly to New Zealand.<ref name="Pinewood1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/our-studios/uk/news/hobbit-pinewood|articlename=The Hobbit at Pinewood|website=[http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/ Pinewood Studios]|accessed=02-August-2012}}</ref><ref name="ProductionVideo3">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=10150326323406807|articlename=THE HOBBIT, Production Video #3|dated=21-July-2011|website=FB|accessed=02-August-2012}}</ref>

Principal photography ended on [[6 July]], [[2012]], after 266 days filming.<ref name="PJFilming"/>

Although "pick-up" filming had already been planned for [[2013]], it emerged that extra filming would need to take place to accommodate the expansion of the project from two films into three.<ref name="EmpireDecember2012"/>

==Technical details==
===3D===
[[File:John Howe and Alan Lee - 3D concept art.png|thumb|left|3D concept art by [[John Howe]] and [[Alan Lee]]]]
''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'', ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'', and ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'' are being filmed in 3D using [[Wikipedia:Red Digital Cinema Camera Company|RED Epic]] cameras. A rig designed by [[Wikipedia:3ality Technica|3ality Technica]] is being used in the filming of the three films; here two cameras and a mirror are used in order to achieve an intraocular effect similar to that of a human's (the distance between the eyes). This is how the depth required for 3D film is achieved.<ref name="ProductionVideo4">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=10150451523596807|articlename=THE HOBBIT, Production Video #4|dated=4-Nov-2011|website=FB|accessed=10-Feb-2012}}</ref>

Most of [[John Howe|John Howe's]] and [[Alan Lee|Alan Lee's]] concept art has continued to be produced in 2D. However, they have collaborated on 3D pieces using the simple red and blue 3D effect.<ref name="ProductionVideo4"/>

===48 frames per second===
Breaking with conventional filming techniques, ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'', ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'', and ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'' are being filmed by capturing 48 frames per second (FPS), twice the normal film standard of 24 frames per second. This makes the film look far more realistic. When describing what people thought when they saw clips of ''The Hobbit'' shown at 48 frames per second, Peter Jackson said that it's 'like the back of the cinema has had a hole cut out of it where the screen is and you're actually looking into the real world'.<ref name="ProductionVideo4"/>

Jackson later discussed the advantages of filming at higher frame rate and in 3D.

{{Blockquote|Now, in the digital age, there’s no reason whatsoever to stick to 24 fps. [...] Science tells us that the human eye stops seeing individual pictures at about 55 fps. Therefore, shooting at 48 fps gives you much more of an illusion of real life. The reduced motion blur on each frame increases sharpness and gives the movie the look of having been shot in 65mm or IMAX. One of the biggest advantages is the fact that your eye is seeing twice the number of images each second, giving the movie a wonderful immersive quality. It makes the 3D experience much more gentle and hugely reduces eyestrain. Much of what makes 3D viewing uncomfortable for some people is the fact that each eye is processing a lot of strobing, blur and flicker. This all but disappears in HFR 3D.|[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="PJHFR3D">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/qa-on-hfr-3d/10151299493836558|articlename=Q&A ON HFR 3D|dated=19-November-2012|website=FB|accessed=19-November-2012}}</ref>}}

Additionally, the ''The Hobbit'' films are being filmed at a 5K resolution. This is substantially larger than the conventional 1080 HD resolution. The films are being filmed digitally onto 128 GB memory cards that fit into the RED Epic camera.<ref name="ProductionVideo4"/>

One of the drawbacks of filming 48 frames per second at 5K resolution is that the make-up, prosthetic, prop, set, and costume departments have to work differently. For example, the make-up and prosthetic departments have to redden up the faces of the actors much more than usual because otherwise their skin colour will turn up yellow on the final film. Furthermore, real hair has to be used in order to achieve an authentic look when it moves around.<ref name="ProductionVideo4"/>

Ten minutes of footage was shown at 48 FPS during the [[Warner Bros.]] presentation at [[Wikipedia:CinemaCon|CinemaCon]] [[2012]]. The reaction was mixed. The ''Los Angeles Times'' described the picture as 'hyper-realistic' and the Associated Press described 'vivid, with grass blades, facial lines and soaring mountains appearing luminous and pronounced. The actors looked almost touchable, as if they were performing live on stage'. However, an anonymous projectionist said that '[i]t looked like a made-for-TV movie'.<ref name="BBC48FPS">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17836380|articlename=Peter Jackson unveils new Hobbit footage|dated=25-April-2012|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref><ref name="LAT48FPS">{{webcite|articleurl=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/cinemacon-hobbit-frame-rate-depp-gatsby.html|articlename=CinemaCon: Footage of 'The Hobbit' draws mixed reaction|dated=24-April-2012|website=[http://www.latimes.com/ ''Los Angeles Times'']|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref>

==Games and merchandise==
===Video games===
In late [[2011]], the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]] would release a video game based on ''The Hobbit'' in lieu of the release of ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' in December [[2012]].<ref>{{webcite|author=Ben Fritz|articleurl=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/oct/18/business/la-fi-1018-ct-warner-interactive-20111018/2|articlename=Warner's approach to video games is paying off|dated=18 October 2011|website=[http://www.latimes.com/ ''Los Angeles Times'']|accessed=2 March 2012}}</ref>

In September [[2012]], [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]] announced that it would produce two free-to-play video games, in co-operation with [[Kabam]].
*The first, a mobile-phone game named ''[[The Hobbit: Kingdoms of Middle-earth]]'', was released in November 2012. In this game the player is able to manage his own kingdom and play as either [[Elves]] or [[Dwarves]].<ref name="IGN-Kingdom and Armies">{{webcite|author=Luke Karmali|articleurl=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/warner-bros-announces-the-hobbit-games|articlename=Warner Bros. Announces The Hobbit Games|dated=26 September 2012|website=[http://www.ign.com IGN]|accessed=24 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.kabam.com/nl/the-hobbit-kingdoms|articlename=THE HOBBIT: KINGDOMS OF MIDDLE-EARTH|dated=|website=[http://www.kabam.com Kabam]|accessed=24 November 2012}}</ref>
*The second, a strategic browser-based game called ''[[The Hobbit: Armies of the Third Age]]'', allows the player to play as either the [[Elves]], [[Dwarves]] or [[Orcs]] (including several heroes from ''The Hobbit'' films). It is is unknown when ''The Hobbit: Armies of the Third Age'' will be released.<ref name="IGN-Kingdom and Armies"/><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.kabam.com/nl/the-hobbit-armies|articlename=THE HOBBIT: ARMIES OF THE THIRD AGE|dated=|website=[http://www.kabam.com Kabam]|accessed=24 November 2012}}</ref>

''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]'', a "Multiplayer Online Battle Arena" video game by Monolith Productions, will include some playable characters ("guardians") from The Hobbit films. Additional The Hobbit "guardians" will be added after the release of The Hobbit, to tie in with the films.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.co.uk/game|articlename=Game Info|dated=|website=[http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.co.uk/ Guardians of Middle-earth]|accessed=24 November 2012}}</ref>

===Lego===
On [[17 December]], [[2011]], it was announced that the [[Lego|Lego Group]] had received the rights to create Lego sets based on ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''. The first sets on The Hobbit were released in the end of 2012.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://aboutus.lego.com/en-us/news-room/2011/december/warner-bros-consumer-products-and-the-lego-group/|articlename=Building sets based on THE LORD OF THE RINGS™ Trilogy and the Two Films Based on THE HOBBIT|dated=16 December 2011|website=lego.com|accessed=2 March 2012}}</ref>

==People involved==
*Production - [[New Line Cinema]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*United States Distribution - [[Warner Brothers]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*International Distribution - [[MGM]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Director - [[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Second Unit Director - [[Andy Serkis]]<ref name="HBAndy">
{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2234|articlename=Andy Serkis to serve as Second Unit Director|dated=8-April-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
*Producers - [[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], and [[Carolynne Cunningham]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Co-Producer - [[Philippa Boyens]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Executive Producers - [[Ken Kamins]] and [[Zane Weiner]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Writers - Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Director of Photography - [[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Production Designer - [[Dan Hennah]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Conceptual Designers: [[Alan Lee]] and [[John Howe]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Composer - [[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Make-up and Hair Designer - [[Peter King]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Costume Designers - [[Ann Maskrey]] and [[Richard Taylor]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Design and production of weaponry, armour, and prosthetics - [[Weta Workshop]] overseen by [[Richard Taylor]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>

===Cast===
[[File:The Hobbit (film series) - cast.jpg|right|thumb|'Bilbo' and the 'thirteen dwarves' (N.B. Rob Kazinsky has since been replaced by Dean O'Gorman to play Fíli).<ref name="PJCasting2"/>|400px]]
{| class="wikitable"
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! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[John Bell]]<ref name="WBPressRelease1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.warnerbroscanada.com/index.php/coming-soon/the-hobbit/|articlename=THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY|website=[http://www.warnerbroscanada.com/ Warner Bros. Canada]|accessed=9-Feb-2012}}</ref> || [[Bain]]<ref name=Bell>{{webcite|author=Evie Bowman|articleurl=http://news.mymiddleearth.com/2012/07/03/exclusive-qa-with-hobbit-actor-john-bell/|articlename=EXCLUSIVE! Q&A WITH HOBBIT ACTOR JOHN BELL|dated=03-July-2012|website=MEN|accessed=04-July-2012}}</ref>

|-
| [[Cate Blanchett]] || [[Galadriel]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Orlando Bloom]] || [[Legolas]]<ref name="PJCasting5">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ/posts/10150265634081558|articlename=Ten years ago,...|dated=27-May-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Billy Connolly]] || [[Dáin Ironfoot]]<ref name="BBCCasting1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16960081|articlename=Billy Connolly lands dwarf role in The Hobbit|dated=9-Feb-2012|website=BBC|accessed=9-Feb-2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || [[Smaug]]<ref name="PJCasting4"/>
|-
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Bard]]<ref name="PJCasting4"/>
|-
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Stephen Fry]] || The [[Master of Lake-town]]<ref name="PJCasting3">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150257180211558|articlename=Casting News for The Hobbit|dated=19-May-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ryan Gage]]<ref group="note">[[Ryan Gage]] was initially cast as [[Drogo Baggins]] (see: {{webcite|author=Earl|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/07/14/46113-ryan-gage-tweets-about-hobbit-costume-fitting/|articlename=Ryan Gage Tweets About Hobbit “Costume Fitting”|dated=02-Aug-2012|website=TORN|accessed=02-Aug-2012}}).</ref> || [[Alfrid]]<ref name="PJCasting3"/>
|-
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/> [[Bert]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/>
|-
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/> [[William]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/>
|-
| [[Dan Hennah]] || [[Gerontius Took|The Old Took]]<ref name="Weta1">[[Daniel Falconer]], ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Art & Design]]'', p. 30</ref>
|-
| [[Ian Holm]] || Older [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="PJCasting6">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557|articlename=One comment that...|dated=22-April-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Barry Humphries]] || [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]<ref name="PJCasting4"/>
|-
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/> [[Tom]]<ref name="HobbitOfficialMovieGuide"/>
|-
| [[Christopher Lee]] || [[Saruman]]<ref name="TelegraphCasting">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8311016/Christopher-Lee-will-star-in-the-Hobbit-prequel.html|articlename=Christopher Lee will star in the Hobbit prequel|dated=08-Feb-2011|website=[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Evangeline Lilly]] || [[Tauriel]]<ref name="PJCasting4">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150286515141558|articlename=The Hobbit Casting Update|dated=19-June-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast|Radagast the Brown]]<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Bret McKenzie]] || [[Lindir]]<ref name="IMCasting"/>
|-
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Dean O'Gorman]] || [[Fíli]]<ref name="PJCasting2">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150239464391558|articlename=Casting news!|dated=30-April-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<ref name="PJCasting2"/>
|-
| [[Mikael Persbrandt]] || [[Beorn]]<ref name="AFTONBLADETCasting">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/film/article13349150.ab|articlename=Persbrandt den bäste för jobbet|dated=30-April-2011|website=[http://www.aftonbladet.se/ AFTONBLADET]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>

|-
| [[Andy Serkis]] || [[Gollum]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Conan Stevens]]<ref group="note">[[Conan Stevens]] was initially cast as [[Azog]] (see: {{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150257180211558|articlename=Casting News for The Hobbit|dated=19-May-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}).</ref> || [[Bolg]]<ref name="TORNBolg">{{webcite|author=MrCere|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/04/22/55228-exclusive-hobbits-conan-stevens-chats-with-torn/|articlename=Exclusive: ‘Hobbit’s’ Conan Stevens chats with TORn|dated=22-April-2012|website=TORN|accessed=02-Aug-2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Jeffrey Thomas]] || [[Thrór]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Hugo Weaving]] || [[Elrond]]<ref name="IMCasting"/>
|-
| [[Elijah Wood]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
|}

==Gallery==
{{Seealso|:Category:Images from The Hobbit (film series)}}
{{Gallery
|title=Pictures from the production of ''The Hobbit'' films
|height=200
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bilbo Baggins in Bag End.jpg|[[Martin Freeman]] as [[Bilbo Baggins]] in [[Bag End]].
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Gandalf the Grey.jpg|[[Ian McKellen]] as [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]].
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Gandalf in Bag End.jpg|Gandalf in Bag End.
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Peter Jackson in Bag End 1.jpg|[[Peter Jackson]] on the set of Bag End.
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Martin Freeman and Peter Jackson.jpg|Martin Freeman and Peter Jackson on the set of Bag End.
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Peter Jackson in Bag End 2.jpg|Peter Jackson on the set of Bag End.
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - the Dwarves.jpg|The thirteen [[dwarves]].
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Nori, Ori and Dori.jpg|[[Nori]], [[Ori]] and [[Dori]].
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Óin and Glóin.jpg|[[Óin]] and [[Glóin]].
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Fíli and Kíli.jpg|[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]].
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Bombur, Bofur and Bifur.jpg|[[Bombur]], [[Bofur]] and [[Bifur]].
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Balin and Dwalin.jpg|[[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]].
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Thorin.jpg|[[Thorin]].
}}

==See also==
*''The Hobbit'' (film series)
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: There and Back Again]]''
*''[[The Hobbit]]''
*[[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
*[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
*[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]
*[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]
*[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit (film series)|Images from ''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
**[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|Images from ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'']]
*''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' tie-in books
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Annual 2013]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Art & Design]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Creatures & Characters]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Official Movie Guide]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: The Movie Storybook]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: The World of Hobbits]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Visual Companion]]''

==External links==
*[http://www.thehobbit.com/index.html TheHobbit.com] (official website)
*[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com] (official blog)
*[http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ Peter Jackson's Facebook page]

{{References|n}}

{{Films}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:The Hobbit (film series)| ]]
[[de:Der Hobbit (Film)]]
[[fi:Hobitti (2012-2014)]]
[[fr:divertissements/adaptations/films/th]]

The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition

2012-12-31T22:41:50Z

Icarus: /* Disc 2 */

{{album
| image=[[File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition.jpg|250px]]
| title=''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack''
| type=Soundtrack
| artist=[[Howard Shore]]
| released=[[11 December]], [[2012]]
| recorded=
| genre=
| length=
| language=English
| label=[[Wikipedia:WaterTower Music|WaterTower Music]]
}}
'''''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition''''' is a special edition album comprising of the soundtrack from ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''. It was released digitally and on CD on [[11 December]] [[2012]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Doug Adams]]|articleurl=http://www.musicoflotr.com/2012/11/the-hobbit-unexpected-journey.html|articlename=The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Soundtrack Album Coming December 11|dated=1-November-2012|website=[http://www.musicoflotr.com Doug Adam's Blog]|accessed=1-November-2012}}</ref>

==Contents==
===Disc 1===
# [[My Dear Frodo]] (8:03)
# [[Old Friends]] (extended version) (5:01)
# [[An Unexpected Party (soundtrack)|An Unexpected Party]] (extended version) (4:09)
# [[Blunt the Knives]] - performed by the Dwarf cast (1:01)
# [[Axe or Sword?]] (5:59)
# [[Misty Mountains (soundtrack)|Misty Mountains]] - performed by [[Richard Armitage]] and the Dwarf Cast (1:42)
# [[The Adventure Begins]] (2:05)
# [[The World is Ahead]] (2:20)
# [[An Ancient Enemy]] (4:57)
# [[Radagast the Brown (soundtrack)|Radagast the Brown]] (extended version) (6:39)
# [[The Trollshaws (soundtrack)|The Trollshaws]] (2:09)
# [[Roast Mutton (soundtrack)|Roast Mutton]] (extended version) (4:57)
# [[A Troll-hoard]] (2:39)
# [[The Hill of Sorcery]] (3:51)
# [[Warg-Scouts]] (3:02)

===Disc 2===
# [[The Hidden Valley]] (3:49)
# [[Moon Runes (soundtrack)|Moon Runes]] (extended version) (3:39)
# [[The Defiler]] (1:14)
# [[The White Council (soundtrack)|The White Council]] (extended version) (9:41)
# [[Over Hill]] (3:44)
# [[A Thunder Battle]] (3:55)
# [[Under Hill]] (1:55)
# [[Riddles in the Dark (soundtrack)|Riddles in the Dark]] (5:21)
# [[Brass Buttons]] (7:38)
# [[Out of the Frying-Pan]] (5:55)
# [[A Good Omen]] (5:47)
# [[Song of the Lonely Mountain]] (extended version) - performed by [[Neil Finn]] (6:01)
# [[Dreaming of Bag End]] (1:47)
====Exclusive bonus tracks====
<ol start="14">
<li>[[A Very Respectable Hobbit]] (1:22)</li>
<li>[[Erebor (soundtrack)|Erebor]] (1:19)</li>
<li>[[The Dwarf Lords]] (2:01)</li>
<li>[[The Edge of the Wild (soundtrack)|The Edge of the Wild]] (3:34)</li>
</ol>

==See also==
*[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
*''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''

{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition| ]]

The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition

2012-12-31T22:36:48Z

Icarus: /* Disc 1 */

{{album
| image=[[File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition.jpg|250px]]
| title=''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack''
| type=Soundtrack
| artist=[[Howard Shore]]
| released=[[11 December]], [[2012]]
| recorded=
| genre=
| length=
| language=English
| label=[[Wikipedia:WaterTower Music|WaterTower Music]]
}}
'''''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition''''' is a special edition album comprising of the soundtrack from ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''. It was released digitally and on CD on [[11 December]] [[2012]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Doug Adams]]|articleurl=http://www.musicoflotr.com/2012/11/the-hobbit-unexpected-journey.html|articlename=The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Soundtrack Album Coming December 11|dated=1-November-2012|website=[http://www.musicoflotr.com Doug Adam's Blog]|accessed=1-November-2012}}</ref>

==Contents==
===Disc 1===
# [[My Dear Frodo]] (8:03)
# [[Old Friends]] (extended version) (5:01)
# [[An Unexpected Party (soundtrack)|An Unexpected Party]] (extended version) (4:09)
# [[Blunt the Knives]] - performed by the Dwarf cast (1:01)
# [[Axe or Sword?]] (5:59)
# [[Misty Mountains (soundtrack)|Misty Mountains]] - performed by [[Richard Armitage]] and the Dwarf Cast (1:42)
# [[The Adventure Begins]] (2:05)
# [[The World is Ahead]] (2:20)
# [[An Ancient Enemy]] (4:57)
# [[Radagast the Brown (soundtrack)|Radagast the Brown]] (extended version) (6:39)
# [[The Trollshaws (soundtrack)|The Trollshaws]] (2:09)
# [[Roast Mutton (soundtrack)|Roast Mutton]] (extended version) (4:57)
# [[A Troll-hoard]] (2:39)
# [[The Hill of Sorcery]] (3:51)
# [[Warg-Scouts]] (3:02)

===Disc 2===
# [[The Hidden Valley]]
# [[Moon Runes (soundtrack)|Moon Runes]] (extended version)
# [[The Defiler]]
# [[The White Council (soundtrack)|The White Council]] (extended version)
# [[Over Hill]]
# [[A Thunder Battle]]
# [[Under Hill]]
# [[Riddles in the Dark (soundtrack)|Riddles in the Dark]]
# [[Brass Buttons]]
# [[Out of the Frying-Pan]]
# [[A Good Omen]]
# [[Song of the Lonely Mountain]] (extended version) - performed by [[Neil Finn]]
# [[Dreaming of Bag End]]
====Exclusive bonus tracks====
<ol start="14">
<li>[[A Very Respectable Hobbit]]</li>
<li>[[Erebor (soundtrack)|Erebor]]</li>
<li>[[The Dwarf Lords]]</li>
<li>[[The Edge of the Wild (soundtrack)|The Edge of the Wild]]</li>
</ol>

==See also==
*[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
*''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''

{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Special Edition| ]]

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

2012-12-31T22:28:40Z

Icarus: /* Contents */

{{disambig-more|The Fellowship of the Ring|[[The Fellowship of the Ring (disambiguation)]]}}
{{album
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack.jpg|250px]]
| title=''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - Original Motion Picture song''
| type=Soundtrack
| artist=[[Howard Shore]]
| released=[[20 November]], [[2001]]
| recorded=
| genre=
| length=
| language=English
| label=[[Wikipedia:Reprise Records|Reprise Records]]
}}
'''''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack''''' is an album comprising of the soundtrack from the theatrical release of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. It was released [[20 November]], [[2001]]. An extended soundtrack, based on the extended edition of the film, was later released as ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - The Complete Recordings]]''.

==Contents==
# [[The Prophecy]] (3:55)
# [[Concerning Hobbits (soundtrack)|Concerning Hobbits]] (2:55)
# [[The Shadow Of The Past (soundtrack)|The Shadow Of The Past]] (3:33)
# [[The Treason Of Isengard]] (3:51)
# [[The Black Rider]] (2:48)
# [[At The Sign Of The Prancing Pony (soundtrack)|At The Sign Of The Prancing Pony]] (3:14)
# [[A Knife In The Dark (soundtrack)|A Knife In The Dark]] (3:34)
# [[Flight To The Ford (soundtrack)|Flight To The Ford]] (4:14)
# [[Many Meetings (soundtrack)|Many Meetings]] (3:05)
# [[The Council Of Elrond (soundtrack)|The Council of Elrond]], featuring the song "[[Aníron]]" (Theme For Aragorn And Arwen) composed and performed by [[Enya]] (3:49)
# [[The Ring Goes South (soundtrack)|The Ring Goes South]] (2:02)
# [[A Journey In The Dark (soundtrack)|A Journey In The Dark]] (4:20)
# [[The Bridge of Khazad-dûm (soundtrack)|The Bridge of Khazad-dum]] (5:57)
# [[Lothlórien (soundtrack)|Lothlorien]] (4:33)
# [[The Great River (soundtrack)|The Great River]] (2:43)
# [[Amon Hen (soundtrack)|Amon Hen]] (5:02)
# [[The Breaking Of The Fellowship (soundtrack)|The Breaking of the Fellowship]] (7:20)
# [[May It Be]], composed and performed by [[Enya]] (4:17)

==See also==
*[[:Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy Original Soundtracks|''The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy'' - Original Soundtracks]]:
**''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|The Two Towers]]''
**''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|The Return of the King]]''
*[[:Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy The Complete Recordings|''The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy'' - The Complete Recordings]]:
**''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - The Complete Recordings|The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
**''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers - The Complete Recordings|The Two Towers]]''
**''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King - The Complete Recordings|The Return of the King]]''

==External links==
*[http://www.amagpiesnest.com/cd_editions/FOTR/FOTRost.htm ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack''] on [http://www.amagpiesnest.com/ A Magpie Nest]

{{title|italics}}

[[Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack| ]]

The Hobbit (1967 film)

2012-12-15T09:37:32Z

Icarus:

{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Title card.png|250px]]
| name=The Hobbit
| director=[[Gene Deitch]]
| producer=[[William Snyder]]
| writer=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Gene Deitch]]
| narrator=[[Herb Lass]]<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://www.awn.com/articles/profiles/hobbit-alized-first-attempt-animating-hobbit|articlename=Hobbit-alized: The First Attempt At Animating The Hobbit|dated=11 December 2001|website=awn.com|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>
| starring=
| music= [[Václav Lidl]]<ref name="Deitch"/>
| cinematography= [[Adolf Born]]<ref name="Deitch"/>
| editing=
| distributor=
| released=Limited audience: [[29 June]], [[1966]]<ref name="Deitch"/>
| runtime=00:11:42
| country=United States
| language=English
| budget=
| website=
| imdb_id=
}}
'''''The Hobbit''''', presented as '''''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit''''', was the first film adaptation of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', created by [[Gene Deitch]] in 1966. The film was produced by [[William Snyder]] and took less than a month to create. The film was approximately 12 minutes long and was only created so Snyder could extend his license for ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and sell it back to Tolkien and his publishers, which he did for $100,000.<ref name="Deitch"/>

== Cast ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Herb Lass]]<ref name="Deitch"/> || Narrator
|}

== Plot ==
[[Smaug|Slag the dragon]] ransacked the city of [[Dale]]. Only General [[Thorin Oakenshield]], [[Mika Milovana|Princess Mika]] and a lone guard survived, and turned to the wizard [[Gandalf]] in his tower. He pointed them to a prophecy of the dragon's death, for which they needed a Hobbit. [[Bilbo Baggins]] initially refused, but after some persuasion from Gandalf and the princess, joined the three on their quest.

Soon, they encountered two "[[Trolls|groans]]", monstrous creatures that turned to trees when exposed to sunlight. Bilbo's companions were captured, but Bilbo tricked the two into a fight until the sun rose. They continued their journey, and General Oakenshield and the Princess started to appreciate their burglar. But suddenly, Bilbo disappeared. He had fallen though a crack in the mountain, and fell past the [[Orcs|grablins]] into the lake of [[Gollum|Goloom]]. He found Goloom's [[The One Ring|magic ring]], and dashed away through the tunnels. He hid behind a rock, and allowed Goloom to overtake him so he could find his way out.

After traveling through [[Mirkwood|Mirkwood Forest]], Bilbo came to the [[Lonely Mountain]]. He stole the [[Arkenstone]], crafted a bow from mining tools, and shot the Arkenstone through Slag's heart. Slag was killed, and Dale restored. Bilbo returned to Hobbiton with [[Mika Milovana|Princess Mika]] as his wife.

{{References}}
{{Films}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Films]]

File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - logo.png

2012-12-15T09:25:59Z

Icarus:

== Licensing ==
{{Fairuse-Newlinecinema}}
[[Category:Images from The Hobbit (film series)]]

The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug

2012-12-15T09:25:19Z

Icarus:

{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug logo.png|250px]]
| name=''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''
| director=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="HBTitles">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563|articlename=Titles and Release Dates Announced|dated=31-May-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref> [[Andy Serkis]] (Second Unit Director)<ref name="HBAndy">
{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2234|articlename=Andy Serkis to serve as Second Unit Director|dated=8-April-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
| producer=Peter Jackson [[Fran Walsh]] [[Carolynne Cunningham]] [[Philippa Boyens]] (Co-Producer) [[Ken Kamins]] (Executive Producer) [[Zane Weiner]] (Executive Producer)<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| writer=[[Guillermo del Toro]] Peter Jackson Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| narrator=
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]] [[Ian McKellen]] [[Richard Armitage]]<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref> ''[[The Hobbit (film series)#Confirmed cast|See cast section below for more]]''
| music=[[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
| cinematography=[[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
| editing=
| studio=[[New Line Cinema]] [[MGM]] [[WingNut Films]]<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| distributor=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| released=[[13 December]] [[2013]]<ref name="HBTitles2">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/the-hobbit-trilogy-titles-and-release-dates/|articlename=The Hobbit Trilogy titles and release dates|dated=2-September-2012|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=2-September-2012}}</ref>
| runtime=
| country=[[New Zealand]] [[United Kingdom]] [[United States]]
| language=English
| budget=
| website=[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com]
| imdb_id=tt1170358
}}
'''''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''''' is the second of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film trilogy]] based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[1937]] novel ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It will be released on [[13 December]] [[2013]] in the United States. It will have been preceded by ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' in [[2012]] and will be followed by ''[[The Hobbit: There and Back Again]]'' in [[2014]].

==Plot==
A plot description for ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' has not yet been released.

==People involved==
:''See:[[The Hobbit (film series)#People involved|''The Hobbit'' (film series)#People involved]]''

===Cast===
:''See:[[The Hobbit (film series)#Cast|''The Hobbit'' (film series)#Cast]]''

==See also==
*[[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
**''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
**''[[The Hobbit: There and Back Again]]''

==External links==
*[http://www.thehobbit.com/ TheHobbit.com] (official website)
*[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com] (official blog)
*[http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ Peter Jackson's Facebook page]

{{References}}

{{Films}}

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:The Hobbit (film series)| ]]

File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - logo.png

2012-12-15T09:25:05Z

Icarus:

== Licensing ==
{{Fairuse-Newlinecinema}}

File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Princess Mika Milovana.png

2012-09-01T08:47:33Z

Icarus: Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)

[[Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)]]

Mika Milovana

2012-09-01T08:43:31Z

Icarus:

{{Adaptation}}
{{men infobox
|image= [[File:Princess Mika Milovana.png|250px]]
|name=Mika Milovana
|othernames=
|birth=
|death=
|race= Man ([[Lake-men]])
|gender= Female
|height=
|hair= Blonde
|eyes= Black
}}
'''Princess Mika Milovana''' was the princess of [[Dale]] in the [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|1966 adaptation]] of ''[[The Hobbit]]''.<ref name="video">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5-Jan-2012|website=[http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube]|accessed=17-Feb-2012}}</ref>

==History==
Princess Mika Milovana was one of three who survived the destruction of [[Dale]] by the dragon [[Smaug|Slag]], the others being a watchman and [[Thorin|General Thorin Oakenshield]].<ref name="video"/>

The Princess got angry when [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] refused to accept his prophesied role of the dragon slayer and declared that she would go alone to the [[Lonely Mountain]]. Dismayed that a child should enter into such peril, Bilbo agreed to go.<ref name="video"/>

After Bilbo had killed Slag, Dale was restored. Bilbo and Mika reigned there together for a time before they returned to [[Hobbiton]].<ref name="video"/>

==Etymology==
According to [[Gene Deitch]], the director of [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]], the Princess was named after [[Wikipedia:Pete Seeger|Pete Seeger’s]] eldest daughter "[[Wikipedia:Mika Seeger|Mika]]". Her second name, "Milovana", 'means a beloved woman' in [[Wikipedia:Czech language|Czech]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits-01/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-1392|articlename=William L. Snyder|dated=Jan-12-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-Feb-2012}}</ref>

{{References}}

[[Category:Men in adaptations]]

User:Icarus

2012-09-01T08:35:41Z

Icarus:

{{Quote|I don't know half of you half as well as I should like; and I like less than half of you half as well as you deserve.|Good ol' Ian Holm gets to have a bit of fun.}}
Hi. I'm Icarus, a beginning Tolkien fan.

==About Me==
I live in New South Wales, Australia, just near the beach. I still attend high school.

===My experience with [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]===
I was brought up on [[Peter Jackson]]'s movies. I soon got to read ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and later ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. I've been planning to read the other ''LOTR'' books, but between school and everything else, I haven't yet gotten around to it.

Slag

2012-09-01T08:32:16Z

Icarus: As per the 1966 adaptation of The Hobbit.

#REDIRECT [[Smaug]]

Template:Screen

2012-09-01T08:30:59Z

Icarus:

{| style="margin:0 auto;" class="toccolours" align=center
|align=center style="background:#ccccff" | '''Licensed film adaptations of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s works'''
|-
|style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center;" |''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)|The Hobbit]]'' (1966) · ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'' (1977) · ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1978) · ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'' (1980) · ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (2001) · ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' (2002) · ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' (2003) · ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' (2012) · ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'' (2013) · ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit: There and Back Again]]'' (2014)
|}
<noinclude>[[Category:Film templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude>

The Hobbit (film series)

2012-09-01T08:29:15Z

Icarus: Updated where needed. Continue to update it if I've missed anything.

{{Currentevent}}
{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Film infobox
| image=[[File:New Line Cinema - The Hobbit films logo.jpg|250px]]
| name=The Hobbit
| director=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="HBTitles">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563|articlename=Titles and Release Dates Announced|dated=31-May-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref> [[Andy Serkis]] (Second Unit Director)<ref name="HBAndy"/>
| producer=Peter Jackson [[Fran Walsh]] [[Carolynne Cunningham]] [[Philippa Boyens]] (Co-Producer) [[Ken Kamins]] (Executive Producer) [[Zane Weiner]] (Executive Producer)<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| writer=[[Guillermo del Toro]] Peter Jackson Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| narrator=
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]] [[Ian McKellen]] [[Richard Armitage]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/> ''[[The Hobbit films#Confirmed cast|See cast section below for more]]''
| music=[[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
| cinematography=[[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
| editing=
| studio=[[New Line Cinema]] [[MGM]] [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| distributor=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="HBTitles"/>
| released='''''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''''': 14 December, 2012 '''''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''''': 13 December, 2013<ref name="HBTitles"/> '''''The Hobbit: There and Back Again''''': 18 July, 2014<ref name="desolationofsmaug">Dave Trumbore, [http://collider.com/hobbit-the-desolation-of-smaug/192427/ THE HOBBIT Trilogy Concludes on July 18th, 2014; Second Film Now Titled THE HOBBIT: THE DESOLATION OF SMAUG], 31 August 2012, Collider (accessed September 1, 2012)</ref>
| runtime=
| country=New Zealand United Kingdom United States
| language=English
| budget=
| website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ Official Blog]
| imdb_id=0903624
}}
'''''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''''', '''''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''''' and '''''The Hobbit: There and Back Again''''', known collectively as '''''The Hobbit''''', are three forthcoming live-action films based upon [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien's]] [[1937]] [[The Hobbit|novel of the same name]].<ref name="HBTitles"/> The three films are being directed by [[Peter Jackson]] and are conceived as prequels to Jackson's earlier project, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''.<ref name="PJCasting1"/><ref name="PJFilmThree"/>

[[Martin Freeman]] has been cast to play the films' title role of [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref name="PJCasting1"/> Meanwhile [[Richard Armitage]] will portray [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]],<ref name="PJCasting1"/> while [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] has been cast as [[Smaug]].<ref name="PJCasting4"/> Several cast members from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'' will reprise their roles, including [[Ian McKellen]] as [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]], [[Cate Blanchett]] as [[Galadriel]], [[Andy Serkis]] as [[Gollum]], and [[Elijah Wood]] as [[Frodo]].<ref name="PJCasting1"/>

Filming in [[New Zealand]] began on [[21 March]], [[2011]] and ended on [[6 July]], [[2012]];<ref name="BBCNews1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12803125|articlename=Hobbit filming finally under way|dated=21-March-2011|website=[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ BBC News Online]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref><ref name="PJFilming"/> '''''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''''' is due to be released in the United States on [[14 December]], [[2012]], while '''''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''''' will be released on [[13 December]], [[2013]],<ref name="HBTitles"/> and '''''The Hobbit: There and Back Again''''' will finally be released on [[18 July]], [[2014]].

[[Peter Jackson]] initially planned to produce two films, but following the conclusion of principal photography, and on seeing early cuts of these films, he decided that he wanted 'to tell more of the tale'. Therefore on [[30 July]], [[2012]], Jackson announced that 'two films will become three'.<ref name="PJFilmThree"/>

==Plot==
''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'', ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' and ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'' are expected to follow [[The_Hobbit#Synopsis|the plot]] from [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien's]] ''[[The Hobbit]]''. The stories presented in both films will, however, include events, locations and characters not found within the novel upon which the films are based, drawing from tales written by J.R.R. Tolkien elsewhere.

According to a [[Warner Bros.]] press release for ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'':
{{Blockquote|The adventure follows the journey of title character Bilbo Baggins, who is swept into an epic quest to reclaim the lost Dwarf Kingdom of Erebor from the fearsome dragon Smaug. Approached out of the blue by the wizard Gandalf the Grey, Bilbo finds himself joining a company of thirteen dwarves led by the legendary warrior, Thorin Oakenshield. Their journey will take them into the Wild; through treacherous lands swarming with Goblins and Orcs, deadly Wargs and Giant Spiders, Shapeshifters and Sorcerers.
 
''Although their goal lies to the East and the wastelands of the Lonely Mountain first they must escape the goblin tunnels, where Bilbo meets the creature that will change his life forever… Gollum.''
 
''Here, alone with Gollum, on the shores of an underground lake, the unassuming Bilbo Baggins not only discovers depths of guile and courage that surprise even him, he also gains possession of Gollum’s “precious” ring that holds unexpected and useful qualities … A simple, gold ring that is tied to the fate of all Middle-earth in ways Bilbo cannot begin to know.''|[[Warner Bros.]] Press Release<ref name="WBPressRelease1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.warnerbroscanada.com/index.php/coming-soon/the-hobbit/|articlename=THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY|website=[http://www.warnerbroscanada.com/ Warner Bros. Canada]|accessed=9-Feb-2012}}</ref>}}

A plot description of the second, ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'', and third, ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'', has not yet been released.

==Development==
===Directorship===
The Hobbit as a movie has been anticipated by many fans since the release of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]''. Even before the pre-production began there had been and are still possible issues which could delay the production of Peter Jackson's The Hobbit. In early 2005 it came to the public attention that Jackson was suing [[New Line Cinema]].<ref name="BBCNewsPJSues">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4312463.stm|articlename=Director sues over Rings profits|dated=2-Mar-2005|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref> This cast doubt on whether or not The Hobbit would ever be made. Jackson later told fans that, due to the dispute, he would neither direct nor produce the film.<ref name="BBCNewsPJSues" /> In late 2007 it was confirmed that Jackson would not direct, but ''would'' be an executive producer for two Hobbit movies.<ref name="BBCNewsPJProducer">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7150644.stm|articlename=Jackson to produce Hobbit movies|dated=18-Dec-2007|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref> It was later announced that [[Guillermo del Toro]] would direct the films, and that Jackson will be an active 'executive producer' with the possibility that he would help direct some scenes if necessary.<ref name="BBCNewsGdTDirector">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7366375.stm|articlename=Del Toro to direct Hobbit movies|dated=25-April-2008|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref>

However, on [[30 May]] [[2010]] it was revealed that del Toro could no longer commit himself to direct ''The Hobbit'' films, citing the continued delays in production in his reasoning.<ref name="BBCNewsGdTDirectorLeave">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10204138|articlename=Guillermo del Toro 'leaves' as director of The Hobbit|dated=1-June-2010|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref> Peter Jackson later announced that he would direct both films.<ref name="NZHPJDirector">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10681008|articlename=The Hobbit gets green light, Jackson to direct|dated=16-Oct-2010|website=[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/ NZ Herald News]|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref>

===The Tolkien Estate's legal action against New Line Cinema===
{{Blockquote|The estate has [...] asked for a court order giving them the ability to terminate any rights the studio have to make films based on other Tolkien works, including The Hobbit.|BBC News Online<ref name="BBCNewsTELegal"/>}}
Production of ''The Hobbit'' films was held up by the [[Tolkien Estate|Tolkien Estate's]] legal action against [[New Line Cinema]]. The Estate should have received 7.5 per cent of all profits from the films under the agreement made by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] with United Artists in [[1969]]. Crucially, they also sought to stop the production of ''The Hobbit'' films until the case was settled.<ref name="BBCNewsTELegal">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7240421.stm|articlename=Rings film studio sued for $150m|dated=12-Feb-2009|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref> The legal row was finally settled in September [[2009]] after the Tolkien Estate successfully sued New Line Cinema for breach of contract and fraud, receiving a reported $220 million in compensation.<ref name="BBCNewsTELegalSettle">{{webcite|articleurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8245300.stm|articlename=Legal path clear for Hobbit movie|dated=8-September-2009|website=BBC|accessed=11-Feb-2012}}</ref>

===Industrial dispute in New Zealand===
Even before the issue of the directorship had been settled, and before the project was given the go-ahead by the studios, the International Federation of Actors (IFA) told actors to actively avoid participation in the production of ''The Hobbit'' films.<ref name="BBCIndustrial1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11414204|articlename=Union tell actors to avoid Hobbit films|dated=26-September-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> The IFA issued this "Do Not Work Order", on [[24 September]], [[2010]], on the basis that the studios refused to engage in union-negotiated contracts.<ref name="FIADNW">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.aftra.org/4AB692BB8467439D83C12A8A2C44B077.htm|articlename=FIA Do Not Work Order: 'The Hobbit'|dated=24-September-2010|website=[http://www.aftra.org/ The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists]|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> Meanwhile the studios argued that they could not make an agreement with a trade union under New Zealand law.<ref name="BBCIndustrial1"/>

[[Peter Jackson]] subsequently warned that the dispute could lead to a huge delay and that production could easily transfer to Easter Europe.<ref name="BBCIndustrial2">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11417340|articlename=Peter Jackson threatens Hobbit shutdown|dated=27-September-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> John Key, the incumbent Prime Minister of New Zealand, weighed in on the dispute saying that he hoped the dispute would not force ''The Hobbit'' production to move overseas. He also announced that the New Zealand government had gotten involved in the discussions.<ref name="BBCIndustrial3">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11465248|articlename=Hobbit movie 'should stay in New Zealand' says PM|dated=4-October-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref>

Whilst the studios announced that filming would begin the following February,<ref name="BBCIndustrial4">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11560411|articlename=The Hobbit to begin filming in February next year|dated=17-October-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> the dispute remained unsettled. With the studios seriously considering moving the production abroad, large numbers of New Zealanders protested in Auckland, [[Wellington]], and Christ Church.<ref name="BBCIndustrial5">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11617860|articlename=New Zealanders rally behind Hobbit shoot|dated=25-October-2012|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> A settlement was finally reached on [[27 October]], [[2010]], with the Prime Minister himself announcing the news, hoping to prevent the loss of jobs in New Zealand and to reinforce the country's Tolkien tourism industry.<ref name=BBCIndustrial6>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11633724|articlename=The Hobbit will be made in New Zealand, PM confirms|dated=27-October-2012|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> As part of the agreement, the New Zealand government passed legislation which clarified that film industry workers are independent contractors rather than employees.<ref name="BBCIndustrial7>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11649734|articlename=Hobbit legislation passed in New Zealand|dated=29-October-2010|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref> Filming finally began on [[21 March]], [[2011]].<ref name="BBCNews1"/>

===Film Three===
At [[Wikipedia:San Diego Comic-Con International|San Diego Comic-Con International]] 2012, [[Peter Jackson]] revealed that he hoped to film more material (based on [[The Appendices]]) in [[2013]]; this led to speculation that there could be a third "Hobbit" film. These rumours gained substance following media reports that Jackson was in discussion with [[Warner Bros.]] about the notion of an additional film.<ref>{{webcite|author=Ben Fritz, Steven Zeitchik and Nicole Sperling|articleurl=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-hobbit-third-movie-jackson-20120724,0,2208206.story|articlename=|dated=24-July-2012|website=[http://www.latimes.com/ Los Angeles Times]|accessed=26-July-2012}}</ref>

On [[30 July]], [[2012]], [[Peter Jackson]] announced that there would indeed be a third "Hobbit" film. After watching the early cuts of the first two films, Jackson, [[Fran Walsh]] and [[Philippa Boyens]] decided that they wanted to take a chance to tell even more of the story.<ref name="PJFilmThree">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/an-unexpected-journey/10151114596546558|articlename=An unexpected journery|dated=30-July-2012|website=Facebook|accessed=20-July-2012}}</ref> He argued,

{{Blockquote|We know how much of the story of [[Bilbo Baggins]], the Wizard [[Gandalf]], the Dwarves of [[Erebor]], the rise of the [[Sauron|Necromancer]], and the Battle of [[Dol Guldur]] will remain untold if we do not take this chance. The richness of the story of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', as well as some of the related material in the appendices of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', allows us to tell the full story of the adventures of Bilbo Baggins and the part he played in the sometimes dangerous, but at all times exciting, history of Middle-earth.|[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="PJFilmThree"/>}}

On August 31, 2012, the title of the third film was announced to be ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'', with the second film being retitled ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''. The third film will be released on July 18, 2014.<ref name="desolationofsmaug"/>

==Filming==
[[File:New Line Cinema - Peter Jackson Filming.jpg|thumb|right|Peter Jackson on the last day of principal photography.]]Back-to-back filming for ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'', ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' and ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'' began [[21 March]], [[2011]].<ref name="BBCNews1"/> All location filming was done at sites across [[New Zealand]], and most on-set filming took place at [[Stone Street Studio]], [[Wellington]].<ref name="ProductionVideo7">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=10151028043926807|articlename=THE HOBBIT, Production Video #7|dated=6-June-2011|website=FB|accessed=6-June-2012}}</ref> Filming also took place at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom in [[July]], [[2011]]. Using their F Stage and N&P Stages, the production filmed scenes with [[Christopher Lee]] who could not fly to New Zealand.<ref name="Pinewood1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/our-studios/uk/news/hobbit-pinewood|articlename=The Hobbit at Pinewood|website=[http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/ Pinewood Studios]|accessed=02-August-2012}}</ref><ref name="ProductionVideo3">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=10150326323406807|articlename=THE HOBBIT, Production Video #3|dated=21-July-2011|website=FB|accessed=02-August-2012}}</ref>

Principal photography ended on [[6 July]], [[2012]], after 266 days filming.<ref name="PJFilming">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151062342726558&set=a.10150238899061558.364437.141884481557&type=1|articlename=We made it!|dated=6-July-2012|website=FB|accessed=6-July-2012}}</ref>

==Technical details==
===3D===
[[File:John Howe and Alan Lee - 3D concept art.png|thumb|left|3D concept art by [[John Howe]] and [[Alan Lee]].]]
''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'', ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' and ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'' are being filmed in 3D using [[Wikipedia:Red Digital Cinema Camera Company|RED Epic]] cameras. A rig designed by [[Wikipedia:3ality Technica|3ality Technica]] is being used in the filming of the three films; here two cameras and a mirror are used in order to achieve an intraocular effect similar to that of a human's (the distance between the eyes). This is how the depth required for 3D film is achieved.<ref name="ProductionVideo4">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=10150451523596807|articlename=THE HOBBIT, Production Video #4|dated=4-Nov-2011|website=FB|accessed=10-Feb-2012}}</ref>

Most of [[John Howe|John Howe's]] and [[Alan Lee|Alan Lee's]] concept art has continued to be produced in 2D. However, they have collaborated on 3D pieces using the simple red and blue 3D effect.<ref name="ProductionVideo4"/>

===48 frames per second===
Breaking with conventional filming techniques, ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'', ''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' and ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'' are being filmed by capturing 48 frames per second (FPS). This is twice the normal 24 frames per second and is much closer to how the human eye works, which can see 60 frames per second. This makes the film look far more realistic. When describing what people thought when they saw clips of ''The Hobbit'' shown at 48 frames per second, Peter Jackson said that it's 'like the back of the cinema has had a hole cut out of it where the screen is and you're actually looking into the real world'.<ref name="ProductionVideo4"/>

Additionally, the ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' and ''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'' are being filmed at a 5K resolution. This is substantially larger than the conventional 1080 HD resolution. The films are being filmed digitally onto 128 GB memory cards that fit into the RED Epic camera.<ref name="ProductionVideo4"/>

One of the drawbacks of filming 48 frames per second at 5K resolution is that the make-up, prosthetic, prop, set, and costume departments have to work differently. For example, the make-up and prosthetic departments have to redden up the faces of the actors much more than usual because otherwise their skin colour will turn up yellow on the final film. Furthermore, real hair has to be used in order to achieve an authentic look when it moves around.<ref name="ProductionVideo4"/>

Ten minutes of footage was shown at 48 FPS during the [[Warner Bros.]] presentation at [[Wikipedia:CinemaCon|CinemaCon]] [[2012]]. The reaction was mixed. The ''Los Angeles Times'' described the picture as 'hyper-realistic' and the Associated Press described 'vivid, with grass blades, facial lines and soaring mountains appearing luminous and pronounced. The actors looked almost touchable, as if they were performing live on stage'. However, an anonymous projectionist said that '[i]t looked like a made-for-TV movie'.<ref name="BBC48FPS">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17836380|articlename=Peter Jackson unveils new Hobbit footage|dated=25-April-2012|website=BBC|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref><ref name="LAT48FPS">{{webcite|articleurl=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/cinemacon-hobbit-frame-rate-depp-gatsby.html|articlename=CinemaCon: Footage of 'The Hobbit' draws mixed reaction|dated=24-April-2012|website=[http://www.latimes.com/ ''Los Angeles Times'']|accessed=31-July-2012}}</ref>

==Games and merchandise==
===Video games===
In [[2011]] the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]] would release a video game based on ''The Hobbit'' in [[2012]], before the release of ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''.<ref>{{webcite|author=Ben Fritz|articleurl=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/oct/18/business/la-fi-1018-ct-warner-interactive-20111018/2|articlename=Warner's approach to video games is paying off|dated=18 October 2011|website=Las Angeles Times|accessed=2 March 2012}}</ref>

===Lego===
On [[17 December]], [[2011]], it was announced that the [[Lego|Lego Group]] had received the rights to create Lego sets based on ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''. The first sets on The Hobbit are scheduled to be released in the end of 2012.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://aboutus.lego.com/en-us/news-room/2011/december/warner-bros-consumer-products-and-the-lego-group/|articlename=Building sets based on THE LORD OF THE RINGS™ Trilogy and the Two Films Based on THE HOBBIT|dated=16 December 2011|website=lego.com|accessed=2 March 2012}}</ref>

==People involved==
*Production - [[New Line Cinema]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*United States Distribution - [[Warner Brothers]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*International Distribution - [[MGM]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Director - [[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Second Unit Director - [[Andy Serkis]]<ref name="HBAndy">
{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2234|articlename=Andy Serkis to serve as Second Unit Director|dated=8-April-2011|website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ The Hobbit Blog]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
*Producers - [[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], and [[Carolynne Cunningham]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Co-Producer - [[Philippa Boyens]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Executive Producers - [[Ken Kamins]] and [[Zane Weiner]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Writers - Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Director of Photography - [[Andrew Lesnie]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Production Designer - [[Dan Hennah]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Conceptual Designers: [[Alan Lee]] and [[John Howe]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Composer - [[Howard Shore]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Make-up and Hair Designer - [[Peter King]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Costume Designers - [[Ann Maskrey]] and [[Richard Taylor]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
*Design and production of weaponry, armour, and prosthetics - [[Weta Workshop]] overseen by [[Richard Taylor]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>

===Confirmed cast===
[[File:New Line Cinema - cast.jpg|right|thumb|'Bilbo' and the 'thirteen dwarves' (N.B. Rob Kazinsky has since been replaced by Dean O'Gorman to play Fíli).<ref name="PJCasting2"/>|400px]]
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[John Bell]]<ref name="WBPressRelease1"/> || [[Bain]]<ref name=Bell>{{webcite|author=Evie Bowman|articleurl=http://news.mymiddleearth.com/2012/07/03/exclusive-qa-with-hobbit-actor-john-bell/|articlename=EXCLUSIVE! Q&A WITH HOBBIT ACTOR JOHN BELL|dated=03-July-2012|website=MEN|accessed=04-July-2012}}</ref>

|-
| [[Cate Blanchett]] || [[Galadriel]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Orlando Bloom]] || [[Legolas]]<ref name="PJCasting5">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ/posts/10150265634081558|articlename=Ten years ago,...|dated=27-May-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Billy Connolly]] || [[Dáin Ironfoot]]<ref name="BBCCasting1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16960081|articlename=Billy Connolly lands dwarf role in The Hobbit|dated=9-Feb-2012|website=BBC|accessed=9-Feb-2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || [[Smaug]]<ref name="PJCasting4"/>
|-
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Bard]]<ref name="PJCasting4"/>
|-
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Stephen Fry]] || The [[Master of Lake-town]]<ref name="PJCasting3">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150257180211558|articlename=Casting News for The Hobbit|dated=19-May-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ryan Gage]]<ref group="note">[[Ryan Gage]] was initially cast as [[Drogo Baggins]] (see: {{webcite|author=Earl|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/07/14/46113-ryan-gage-tweets-about-hobbit-costume-fitting/|articlename=Ryan Gage Tweets About Hobbit “Costume Fitting”|dated=02-Aug-2012|website=TORN|accessed=02-Aug-2012}}).</ref> || [[Alfrid]]<ref name="PJCasting3"/>
|-
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Ian Holm]] || Older [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="PJCasting6">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557|articlename=One comment that...|dated=22-April-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Barry Humphries]] || [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]<ref name="PJCasting4"/>
|-
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Christopher Lee]] || [[Saruman]]<ref name="TelegraphCasting">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8311016/Christopher-Lee-will-star-in-the-Hobbit-prequel.html|articlename=Christopher Lee will star in the Hobbit prequel|dated=08-Feb-2011|website=[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Evangeline Lilly]] || [[Tauriel]]<ref name="PJCasting4">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150286515141558|articlename=The Hobbit Casting Update|dated=19-June-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast|Radagast the Brown]]<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Bret McKenzie]] || [[Lindir]]<ref name="IMCasting"/>
|-
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Dean O'Gorman]] || [[Fíli]]<ref name="PJCasting2">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150239464391558|articlename=Casting news!|dated=30-April-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<ref name="PJCasting2"/>
|-
| [[Mikael Persbrandt]] || [[Beorn]]<ref name="AFTONBLADETCasting">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/film/article13349150.ab|articlename=Persbrandt den bäste för jobbet|dated=30-April-2011|website=[http://www.aftonbladet.se/ AFTONBLADET]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref>

|-
| [[Andy Serkis]] || [[Gollum]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Conan Stevens]]<ref group="note">[[Conan Stevens]] was initially cast as [[Azog]] (see: {{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150257180211558|articlename=Casting News for The Hobbit|dated=19-May-2011|website=FB|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}).</ref> || [[Bolg]]<ref name="TORNBolg">{{webcite|author=MrCere|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/04/22/55228-exclusive-hobbits-conan-stevens-chats-with-torn/|articlename=Exclusive: ‘Hobbit’s’ Conan Stevens chats with TORn|dated=22-April-2012|website=TORN|accessed=02-Aug-2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Jeffrey Thomas]] || [[Thrór]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
| [[Hugo Weaving]] || [[Elrond]]<ref name="IMCasting"/>
|-
| [[Elijah Wood]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="PJCasting1"/>
|-
|}

==Trailer==
{{VideosHD|9PSXjr1gbjc}}

==Promotional posters==
{{Gallery
|title=Promotional posters of ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''
|height=300
|width=200
|lines=2
|File:New Line Cinema - The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey poster.jpg|The first promotional poster.
|File:New Line Cinema - The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey poster 2.jpg|The second promotional poster.
}}

==Gallery==
{{Seealso|:Category:Images from The Hobbit films}}
{{Gallery
|title=Pictures from the production of ''The Hobbit'' films
|height=200
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:New Line Cinema - Bilbo Baggins in Bag End.jpg|[[Martin Freeman]] as [[Bilbo Baggins]] in [[Bag End]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Gandalf the Grey.jpg|[[Ian McKellen]] as [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Gandalf in Bag End.jpg|Gandalf in Bag End.
|File:New Line Cinema - Peter Jackson in Bag End 1.jpg|[[Peter Jackson]] on the set of Bag End.
|File:New Line Cinema - Martin Freeman and Peter Jackson.jpg|Martin Freeman and Peter Jackson on the set of Bag End.
|File:New Line Cinema - Peter Jackson in Bag End 2.jpg|Peter Jackson on the set of Bag End.
|File:New Line Cinema - the Dwarves.jpg|The thirteen [[Dwarves]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Nori, Ori and Dori.jpg|[[Nori]], [[Ori]] and [[Dori]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Óin and Glóin.jpg|[[Óin]] and [[Glóin]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Fíli and Kíli.jpg|[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Bombur, Bofur and Bifur.jpg|[[Bombur]], [[Bofur]] and [[Bifur]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Balin and Dwalin.jpg|[[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Thorin.jpg|[[Thorin]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Bilbo with the Dwarves.png|Bilbo Baggins with the Dwarves.
|File:New Line Cinema - Bilbo and Sting.jpg|Bilbo Baggins with [[Sting]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Bifur, Dwalin, Bilbo, Bofur and Óin in Bag End.png|Bifur, Dwalin, Bilbo, Bofur and Óin in Bag End.
|File:New Line Cinema - Packing the Dwarves.jpg|The Dwarves being packed into barrels.
|File:New Line Cinema - Kíli, Fíli, Dori, Nori.jpg|Kíli, Fíli, Dori, and Nori.
|File:New Line Cinema - Gollum in his cave.jpg|Gollum in his cave.
|File:New Line Cinema - Gandalf in Hobbiton.jpg|Gandalf in Hobbiton
|File:New Line Cinema - Galadriel in The Hobbit.jpg|[[Galadriel]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Elrond and Thrór's Map.jpg|Elrond looking at [[Thrór's Map]].
|File:New Line Cinema - Dwalin and Balin.jpg|Dwalin and Balin in Bag End.
|File:New Line Cinema - Attercop!.jpg|Bilbo fighting [[spiders]].
}}

==Production videos==
{{Videos
|JOhk3HE_-YY
|5D74bwYowHQ
|vRakEgN0AbQ
|KCW72JwsO4I
|jjpZeIQUox0
|A42zC_3LQsM
|vfJDurmMWgo
|6OZijZoUyh0
}}

==See also==
*''[[The Hobbit]]''
*[[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
*[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
*[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]
*[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]
*[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit films|Images from ''The Hobbit'' films]]
**[[:Category:Images from The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|Images from ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'']]

==External links==
*[http://www.thehobbit.com/index.html TheHobbit.com] (official website)
*[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com] (official blog)
*[http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ Peter Jackson's Facebook page]

{{References|n}}

{{Films}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Hobbit'' films}}
[[Category:Films]]
[[de:Der Hobbit (Film)]]
[[fi:Hobitti (2010)]]

Lego

2012-06-03T02:03:09Z

Icarus: /* Sets */

{{currentevent}}
[[Image:Lego logo.png|frame]]
'''Lego''' (trademarked in capitals as LEGO) is a line of construction toys manufactured by the Danish company Lego Group.

On [[16 December]] [[2011]] it was announced that Lego sets based on ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'' and [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] will be released. The first sets of '''Lego The Lord of the Rings''' will be released in [[June]] 2012, while sets of '''Lego The Hobbit: The Unexpected Journey''' will be released latter that year.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/lordoftheringstrilogy/posts/10150521433837437|articlename=Great news for all...|dated=16-Dec-2011|website=FB|accessed=18-Feb-2012}}</ref>

==History==
‎While Lego had released several themed sets over the years from licensed film franchises such as ''Star Wars'' and ''Harry Potter'', there had been no official set themed around ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' untill 2012.

==Confirmed mini figures==

*[[Aragorn]]<ref name="Mini figures">{{webcite|author=Caleb Goellner|articleurl=http://www.comicsalliance.com/2012/01/30/lego-lord-of-the-rings-gollum-minifigs-images/?a_dgi=aolshare_facebook|articlename=Lego Reveals More 'Lord of the Rings' Minifigs Including Gollum and Other Foes|dated=30 January 2012|website=Comics Alliance|accessed=31 January 2012}}</ref>
*[[Berserker|Berserker Uruk-hai]]<ref name="2012 sets"/>
*[[Boromir]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Éomer]]<ref name="2012 sets"/>
*[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Gimli]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Gollum]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Uruk-hai|Isengard Uruk-hai]]<ref name="2012 sets"/>
*[[Legolas]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Lurtz]]<ref name="2012 sets"/>
*[[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Orcs of Mordor|Mordor Orc]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|Moria Orc]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Nazgûl|Ringwraith]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Rohirrim|Rohan Soldier]]<ref name="2012 sets"/>
*[[Samwise Gamgee]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>
*[[Théoden|King Théoden]]<ref name="2012 sets"/>
*[[Uruk-hai]]<ref name="Mini figures"/>

Furthermore, ''Lego The Lord of the Rings'' also includes [[Shelob]], [[Cave-trolls|Giant Cave-troll]] and [[The One Ring]].<ref name="2012 sets"/>

<center>{{Gallery
|title=
|height=90
|width=117
|lines=2
|File:Lego - Aragorn minifigure.png|<center>[[Aragorn]]</center>
|File:Lego - Boromir mini figure.png|<center>[[Boromir]]</center>
|File:Lego - Frodo mini figure.png|<center>[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]</center>
|File:Lego - Gandalf the Grey mini figure.png|<center>[[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]</center>
|File:Lego - Gimli mini figure.png|<center>[[Gimli]]</center>
|File:Lego - Gollum mini figure.png|<center>[[Gollum]]</center>
|File:Lego - Legolas mini figure.png|<center>[[Legolas]]</center>
|File:Lego - Merry mini figure.png|<center>[[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]]</center>
|File:Lego - Mordor Orc mini figure.png|<center>[[Orcs of Mordor|Mordor Orc]]</center>
|File:Lego - Moria Orc mini figure.png|<center>[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|Moria Orc]]</center>
|File:Lego - Pippin mini figure.png|<center>[[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]</center>
|File:Lego - Ringwraith mini figure.png|<center>[[Nazgûl|Ringwraith]]</center>
|File:Lego - Sam mini figure.png|<center>[[Samwise Gamgee]]</center>
|File:Lego - Uruk-hai mini figure.png|<center>[[Uruk-hai]]</center>
}}</center>

==Sets==
At the International Toy Fair in [[wikipedia:New York City|New York]] the first seven sets of ''Lego The Lord of the Rings'' were revealled.<ref>{{webcite|author=Calsisuri|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/02/12/53526-lego-toy-fair-2012/|articlename=Lord of the Rings LEGO Revealed at Toy Fare 2012 at Collector’s Party|dated=12 February 2012|website=TORN|accessed=18 February 2012}}</ref> All sets are scheduled to be released in June [[2012]] and are aimed for children between 8 and 14 year.<ref name="2012 sets">{{webcite|author=Calisuri|articleurl=http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/02/12/53563-more-lord-of-the-rings-lego-details-from-toy-fare-2012/|articlename=More Lord of the Rings LEGO Details from Toy Fare 2012|dated=12 February 2012|website=TORN|accessed=18 February 2012}}</ref> Sets of ''Lego The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' are expected to be released in December 2012.<ref name="2012 sets"/>

<table class="TGtable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 auto;"><tr><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Image link'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Number'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Name'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Mini figures'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Pieces'''</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://cache.lego.com/upload/contentTemplating/TheLordofTheRingsProductImages/images/pic2C5A99365635CD13EBE02187937FE72D.jpg Lego.com]</td><td>9469</td><td>'''Gandalf Arrives'''</td><td>[[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]<ref name="2012 sets"/></td><td>83<ref name="2012 sets"/></td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://cache.lego.com/upload/contentTemplating/TheLordofTheRingsProductImages/images/pic69D2D82B2B4522A78297D2C01DD4D80D.jpg Lego.com]</td><td>9470</td><td>'''Shelob Attacks'''</td><td>[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Gollum]], [[Samwise Gamgee]]<ref name="2012 sets"/></td><td>227<ref name="2012 sets"/></td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://cache.lego.com/upload/contentTemplating/TheLordofTheRingsProductImages/images/picE992A48C896B53E6594089F04AEE8326.jpg Lego.com]</td><td>9427</td><td>'''Uruk-hai Army'''</td><td>[[Éomer]], [[Rohirrim|Rohan Soldier]] and 4 [[Uruk-hai]]<ref name="2012 sets"/></td><td>257<ref name="2012 sets"/></td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://cache.lego.com/upload/contentTemplating/TheLordofTheRingsProductImages/images/pic145666D6A61A26E9EEC7E1B70DEAD3D7.jpg Lego.com]</td><td>9476</td><td>'''The Orc Forge'''</td><td>[[Uruk-hai|Isengard Uruk-hai]], [[Lurtz]], 3 [[Orcs of Mordor|Mordor Orcs]]<ref name="2012 sets"/></td><td>363</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://cache.lego.com/upload/contentTemplating/TheLordofTheRingsProductImages/images/picAF26D99F70BE7599AF8ABC2D1743765D.jpg Lego.com]</td><td>9472</td><td>'''Attack on Weathertop'''</td><td>[[Aragorn]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], 2 [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]<ref name="2012 sets"/></td><td>430<ref name="2012 sets"/></td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://cache.lego.com/upload/contentTemplating/TheLordofTheRingsProductImages/images/pic9E0D62A8E42C9A850FA23F6BBD60D093.jpg Lego.com]</td><td>9473</td><td>'''The Mines of Moria'''</td><td>[[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], [[Boromir]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], 2 [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|Moria Orcs]], 2 Skeletons<ref name="2012 sets"/></td><td>776<ref name="2012 sets"/></td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://cache.lego.com/upload/contentTemplating/TheLordofTheRingsProductImages/images/picF45371937F007C5BD5AECB68E5ED0F4C.jpg Lego.com]</td><td>9494</td><td>'''The Battle of Helm's Deep'''</td><td>[[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]], [[Haldir]], [[Théoden|King Théoden]], [[Berserker|Berserker Uruk-hai]], 3 [[Uruk-hai]]<ref name="2012 sets"/></td><td>1368<ref name="2012 sets"/></td></tr>

</table>

[[File:LEGO LotR.jpg|150px|right|thumb|Fanmade Fellowship]]

==Rumours==

In 2010, Wesley Yin-Poole, interviewing LEGO Harry Potter producer Loz Doyle, wrote that ''"[Doyle] refused to deny that a LEGO Lord of the Rings or a LEGO The Hobbit game is in development"'' but admitted a LEGO game based on the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|New Line Cinema films]] and Tolkien books ''"'would definitely work'"''.<ref>Wesley Yin-Poole, "[http://www.videogamer.com/news/tt_lego_lord_of_the_rings_would_definitely_work.html LEGO Lord of the Rings 'would definitely work' (15/02/2010)]" at Videogamer.com (accessed 28 July 2010)</ref>

A Wikia user claimed to have found a bit of evidence for a ''Lego The Lord of the Rings'' video game, when discovering key words ("LOTR Ring") within the program files of ''Lego Pirates of the Caribbean: The Video Game''. However, other Wikia users remarked that those key words might have another meaning within the files.<ref>[http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/User_blog:Lego_lord/Guess_what_my_precious%3F Lego lord/Guess what my precious?] at [http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/LEGO_Wiki LEGO Wiki] (accessed 3 September 2011)</ref>

== Notes ==
*[[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]], despite the lack of official products, have nevertheless been creative on modifying and assembling Lego bricks to resemble characters, and even cities, from Tolkien's [[legendarium]].

==Gallery==
<center>{{Gallery
|title=
|height=150
|width=200
|lines=2
|File:Lego LOTR logo.png|<center>[[Frodo Baggins]]</center>
|File:LEGO Aragorn poster.png|<center>[[Aragorn]]</center>
|File:Lego Legolas poster.png|<center>[[Legolas]]</center>
|File:Lego Fellowship of the Ring minifigures.png|<center>[[Fellowship of the Ring]]</center>
|File:Lego - Gollum poster.png|<center>[[Gollum]]</center>
}}</center>

==See Also==
*[[:Category:Images of Lego|Images of Lego]]

==External links==
*{{WP|Lego}}
*[http://thelordoftherings.lego.com/en-us/default.aspx Official LEGO ''Lord of the Rings'' web site]
*[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2012/02/12/53526-lego-toy-fair-2012/ Lego Toy Fair] at [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ TheOneRing]
*Fan-made Middle-earth Lego creations:
**[http://www.mocpages.com/moc.php/276793 Journey of the Fellowship 2011]
**[http://www.mocpages.com/group.php/8424 Largest MOCpages LOTR Group]

{{references}}
[[Category:Adaptations]]
[[Category:Fandom]]
[[Category:Danish businesses]]
[[Category:Businesses]]

Sauron

2012-02-10T11:18:07Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in adaptations */

{{Countdown}}
{{evil infobox
|image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Sauron.jpg|250px]]
|name=Sauron
|othernames=Annatar<ref name="SRings"/> The Dark Lord<ref name="SIndex"/> Gorthaur the Cruel<ref name="SVala">{{S|Vala}}</ref> Mairon<ref name="PE17.1"/> Necromancer<ref name="SIndex"/>
|created=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
|years=''circa'' {{SA|500}} - {{SA|3441}} ''circa'' {{TA|1000}} - {{TA|3019}}
|age=
|destroyed=[[25 March]], {{TA|3019}}
|realm=[[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] ([[Tol Sirion]]) [[Dol Guldur]] [[Mordor]]
|gender=Male
|race=[[Maiar]]
|appearance=Various: see [[Sauron#Appearance|appearance section]].
|accomplishments=Decieved the [[Elves]] into forging the [[Rings of Power]]; created the [[One Ring]]; brought about the [[Downfall of Númenor]]; and nearly conquered the whole of [[Middle-earth]].
}}
{{pronounce|Quenya - Sauron.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
{{Pronounce|Annatar.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Gorthaur.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
{{pronounce|Quenya - Mairon.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
<center>{{Quote|Sauron [...] was only less evil than his [[Morgoth|master]] in that for long he served another and not himself.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="SVala"/>}}</center>

'''Sauron''' was the greatest and most trusted servant of [[Morgoth]] before and during the [[First Age]]. After the downfall of his master, he continuously strove to conquer [[Middle-earth]] throughout the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages. Deceiving the [[Elves]] of [[Eregion]], who under his guidance had created the [[Rings of Power]], he secretly forged the [[One Ring]] in [[Mount Doom]]. Thus Sauron became "[[The Lord of the Rings]]".

==History==
===Origin===
As one of the [[Maiar]], Sauron was created by [[Ilúvatar]] before the [[Music of the Ainur]].<ref name="Ainu">{{S|Ainu}}</ref> At the beginning of Time, he was amongst the [[Ainur]] who entered into [[Eä]].<ref name="SVala">{{S|Vala}}</ref> Here he became one of the Maiar of [[Aulë]],<ref name="SVala"/> and was known as '''''Mairon'''''.<ref name="PE17.1">{{PE|17}}, p. 183</ref> However, he was soon ensnared by [[Morgoth|Melkor]] and became his greatest and most trusted servant.<ref name="SRings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> Thus he came to be known '''''Gorthaur''''' by the [[Sindar]] of [[Beleriand]] and '''''Sauron''''' by others.<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}</ref>

===[[Years of the Trees]]===
After [[Morgoth|Melkor]] made his great fortress of [[Angband]] in the north-west of [[Middle-earth]], he appointed Sauron to be its commander.<ref name="SCaptivity">{{S|Captivity}}</ref> When the [[Valar]] captured Melkor at the [[Siege of Utumno]], they stormed and searched Utumno and Angband; they, however, failed to find Sauron.<ref name="SCaptivity"/>

===First Age===
{{Blockquote|Sauron was become now a sorcerer of dreadful power, master of shadows and of phantoms, foul in wisdom, cruel in strength, misshaping what he touched, twisting what he ruled, lord of werewolves; his dominion was torment.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="SFingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>}}
With the unchaining of Morgoth and his subsequent destruction of the [[Two Trees|Two Trees of Valinor]], the [[Sun]] first rose and ushered in the awakening of [[Men]]. Leaving Sauron in command of the war, Morgoth left Angband in secret to find the second-born kindred of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and to corrupt them to his will.<ref name="SWest">{{S|West}}</ref>

After the fall of [[Fingolfin]], Sauron launched an attack on [[Tol Sirion]]. Utter fear descended upon [[Orodreth]] and those who defended the isle. Sauron assailed [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]] and turned it into a watch tower for Morgoth. Therein Sauron sat and Tol Sirion the fair became [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]], the Isle of Werewolves.<ref name="SFingolfin"/>

Upon hearing of the deeds of [[Barahir]] and his companions, Morgoth ordered Sauron to find and kill them. [[Gorlim]], one of Barahir's companions, was captured and brought before Sauron. There Sauron promised that he would he would free Gorlim and his wife [[Eilinel]] in return for information. Under the terror of Sauron's eyes, Gorlim revealed everything he knew and thus the hiding place of Barahir was betrayed to the enemy. Subsequently, Sauron had Gorlim put to death.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

[[Beren]], son of [[Barahir]], promised to avenge his father's death. He wandered [[Dorthonion]] as an outlaw and achieved great deeds that were heard far and wide. Thus Morgoth set a high price on his head and Sauron, commanding a great army of [[werewolves]] and [[fell beasts]], sought for Beren.<ref name="Beren"/>

Later, [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]], Beren, and their ten companions left [[Nargothrond]] in search of the [[Silmarils]]. Despite being disguised as Orcs, Sauron espied them as they entered into the vale between [[Ered Wethrin]] and [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]. He had them captured and they were brought to him. There Finrod and Sauron fought in songs of power; the strength of both was great, but Sauron was more powerful. He then stripped them of their Orc disguise but failed to discern who they were. He had them thrown into a dark pit where one by one they were devoured by a werewolf. Withstanding this horror, they refused to betray one another.<ref name="Beren"/>

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Huan Subdues Sauron.jpg|thumb|right|''Huan Subdues Sauron'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
When all of their companions were dead, Finrod and Beren were the last who remained alive in Sauron's pit. When a werewolf went to attack Beren, Finrod Felegund used all his power to defeat it. In this he was successful. However, he was critically wounded and soon passed away. In that dark moment, [[Lúthien]] came to the bridge of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] and sang. From his tower of Minas Tirith, Sauron saw Lúthien and knew that it was the famous daughter of [[Melian]] and [[Thingol]]. He desired to capture her and hand her over to Morgoth. Therefore he sent a wolf to the bridge, but it was quickly and silently slain by [[Huan]]. He sent many more and each one Huan killed. Finally, he sent [[Draugluin]], sire of the werewolves of Angband. The fight between Huan and Draugluin was fierce. Eventually Draugluin fled and, before dying, he told his master that Huan was there. Therefore Sauron took the form of a werewolf, the greatest the world had ever seen, and went towards the bridge. He leaped to attack Lúthien, but Huan sprang upon Sauron and there they fought. But Sauron could not subdue the hound of [[Valinor]]. He yielded to Lúthien, giving her control of the isle in return for his release. He then took the form of a vampire and fled to [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]], filling the forest with horror.<ref name="Beren"/>

After the [[War of Wrath]], with the downfall of [[Morgoth]] and the destruction of [[Thangorodrim]], Sauron adopted a fair form and repented his evil deeds in fear of the wrath of the Valar. [[Eönwë]] then ordered Sauron to return to [[Valinor]] in order to receive the judgement of Manwë. Sauron was not willing to suffer such humiliation and so he fled and hid himself in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="SRings"/>

===Second Age===
[[File:AnnatarLarge.png|thumb|left|''Annatar'' as envisioned by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]] from [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]]]
After lying hidden and dormant for about one thousand years, Sauron put on a fair visage in the [[Second Age]]. Calling himself '''''Annatar''''', the Lord of Gifts, he befriended the Elvish smiths of [[Eregion]], and counseled them in arts and magic. Not all the Elves trusted him, particularly Lady [[Galadriel]] and [[Gil-galad]], High King of the Ñoldor, but few listened to them. The Elves forged [[Rings of Power]], but in secret Sauron forged [[the One Ring]] in [[Mount Doom]] to rule the other rings, investing most of his own power into the Ring as he forged it.

In this time Sauron became known as the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]]. He raised [[Barad-dûr]], the Dark Tower, near Mount Doom; constructed the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor to prevent invasion; corrupted nine mortal Men with Rings of Power and turned them into the [[Nazgûl]] (Ringwraiths), his chief servants; and raised massive armies of [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], and Men, chiefly [[Easterlings]] and [[Southrons]].

Sauron's power reached its zenith 700 years after Mordor's creation, in the 17th century of the Second Age. Immediately after Sauron created the One Ring, Celebrimbor and the other Ring-bearers realized his treachery and went to war with him. The [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] was a bloody conflict which destroyed Eregion and devastated much of Eriador. Celebrimbor was slain and his body impaled on a spike paraded at the head of Sauron's legions. The Elves were pushed back almost to the Blue Mountains, while their Dwarf allies (who had also rejected Sauron) retreated behind the walls of [[Moria]] where Sauron could not assail them. Sauron was master of almost all of Middle-earth beyond the coasts, but the Númenóreans responded to the Elves' call for aid and sent a relief force. The combined armies rallied and were able to defeat Sauron's armies in Eriador after heavy fighting, and the Dark Lord fled back to Mordor with little more than his own bodyguard and a handful of orcs.

Nonetheless, while Sauron's subsequent power never quite matched the height it had during the War with the elves, many of his most powerful enemies' homelands had been devastated. ''Relative'' to his enemies, Sauron's empire was actually in a stronger position than it used to be. His empire continued to expand to dominate barbarian Men to the far south and east. Throughout this, Sauron remained faithful in his old allegiance, building temples to the worship of Morgoth, where human sacrifice was practiced. Because of this, towards the end of the Second Age, Sauron assumed the titles of '''Lord of the Earth''' and '''King of Men'''.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Forging of the One.jpg|thumb|''The Forging of the One'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
This offended the Númenóreans, the powerful Men descended from the line of Beren and Lúthien, who lived on the island of Númenor in the sea between Middle-earth and Valinor. The proud Númenóreans came to Middle-earth with great force of arms, and Sauron's forces fled. Realizing he could not defeat the Numenoreans with military strength, Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. There, he quickly grew from captive to advisor and was known as '''Tar-Mairon'''; he converted many Númenóreans to the worship of Morgoth, and raised a great temple in which he performed human sacrifices. Finally, he convinced the king to rebel against the Valar and attack Valinor itself. [[Ilúvatar|Eru]], the supreme god, then directly intervened: Númenor was drowned under the sea, and the great navy of Númenor was destroyed. Sauron was diminished in the flood of Númenor, and fled back to Mordor, where he slowly rebuilt his strength during the time known as the [[Dark Years]].

From this point on he was unable to assume a fair shape, and ruled now through terror and force. A few faithful Númenóreans were saved from the flood, and they founded [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] in Middle-earth. These faithful Men, led by [[Elendil]] and his sons, allied with the Elves of [[Lindon]] under the Elven-king [[Gil-galad]], and together fought Sauron in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and, after a long period, defeated him in the year [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]], although both Elendil and Gil-galad were killed. [[Isildur]], son of Elendil, cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and claimed it. Later, the Ring betrayed him and was lost for more than two thousand years.

===Third Age===

====Sauron's Return====
After his defeat in the War of the Last Alliance, Sauron had lost his ability to form a physical body for a great while. It is thought that he fled to the far east to regain his power and strength before returning. It was not until c. [[Third Age 1000|T.A. 1000]] that Sauron could again begin to take shape and in [[Third Age 1050|1050]] his power was enough that he began again to throw a shadow across portions of [[Middle-earth]]. It is around this time that he first began to inhabit southern [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]], choosing the hill of [[Amon Lanc]] as a place to build the fortress of [[Dol Guldur]]. At first, it was thought by the wise that it was one of the [[Nazgûl]] who had returned and taken up residence in southern Greenwood, but when [[Gandalf]] entered the fortress in [[Third Age 2063|2063]] the power in Dol Guldur fled before him into the East thus beginning the [[Watchful Peace]].

====The Watchful Peace====

Sauron returned from the east in [[Third Age 2460|2460]] and again took up residence in [[Dol Guldur]]. Eventually, after many hundreds of years of pressing the [[White Council]] to take action against the Necromancer, [[Gandalf]] entered Dol Guldur in secret in [[Third Age 2850|2850]] and learned that the Necromancer was actually none other than Sauron. In [[Third Age 2851|2851]], the White Council were informed of this, and [[Gandalf]] urged an immediate attack upon the fortress, but [[Saruman|Saruman the White]] opposed him, having already learned of the presence of the [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]] near the [[Gladden Fields]].

It was not until 90 years later, in [[Third Age 2941|2941]] that Gandalf finally prevailed upon the [[White Council]] to attack Dol Guldur and drive Sauron out (see ''[[Attack on Dol Guldur]]''). At this point, Sauron returned to [[Mordor]] and finalized the reconstruction of [[Barad-dûr]], which had been prepared for him by the [[Nazgûl]] for many years prior to this.

====The War of the Ring====
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Shadow of Sauron.jpg|thumb|220px|left|''The Shadow of Sauron'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Sauron bred immense armies of Orcs and allies with which enslaved Men from the east and south. He adopted the symbol of a lidless eye, and he was able at that time to send out his will over Middle-earth, so that the [[Eye of Sauron]] was a symbol of power and fear.

After torturing [[Gollum]], he learned that the One Ring had been found by [[Bilbo Baggins]]. He sent his deadliest servants, the [[Nazgûl]], to [[the Shire]], only to find that both Bilbo and his nephew, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], had departed. Unbeknownst to Sauron, Frodo had, at the behest of Gandalf, joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] on a quest to destroy the Ring. He rallied his vast armies to conquer the resistance's strongholds, and sent the Ringwraiths to find and kill Frodo. At about this time, he also learned that [[Aragorn]], Isildur's heir, had also joined the Fellowship, and was rallying armies to defeat his.

When Saruman's army was defeated at [[Isengard]], Aragorn used the Palantir of [[Orthanc]] to reveal himself to Sauron. Sauron made the premature conclusion that Aragorn had the Ring, and sent an army commanded by his strongest servant, the Witch-King of Angmar, to overthrow [[Minas Tirith]]. This battle would become known as the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

Although Sauron lost the Battle of Pelennor Fields, the free forces of the West were greatly weakened, and Sauron still had sufficent armies in reserve to ensure military victory. He was outwitted, however, by the strategy of Gandalf, who urged the captains of the [[Free peoples]] to march against Sauron, thus diverting the Dark Lord's eye from the real threat of Frodo, the Ring Bearer, who was nearing the end of his quest to destroy the One Ring.

Frodo, however, failed at the last moment, unable to resist the power of the Ring at the place of its birth. But Gollum inadvertently saved him by recovering the Ring in a desperate attempt to possess it, and then falling with it into the fire. Thus Sauron's power was unmade, and his corporeal power in Middle-earth came to an end. His spirit towered above Mordor like a black cloud, but was blown away by a [[Manwë|powerful wind]] from the [[Aman|West]]. Sauron was now permanently crippled, never to rise again. Saruman would suffer a similar fate.

==Appearance==
{{Stub}}

==Etymology==
{{Transcribed|Sauron Tengwar Quenya mode.png|Sauron|Tengwar, Quenya mode}}
'''''Sauron''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈsaʊron]}})<ref group=note>''Sauron'' is pronounced "sour-on" (''sour'' as in not sweet).</ref> is a [[Quenya]] name, said to mean "the Abhorred".<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>

Several accounts of the origin of the name ''Sauron'' were suggested in different linguistic manuscripts:
*deriving from Quenya ''[[saura]]'' ("foul, evil-smelling, putrid", from the [[Sundocarme|root]] [[THUS#Other versions|THUS]]).<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 393 (entry THUS-)</ref>
*deriving from Quenya ''[[saura]]'' ("foul, vile"; from root [[SAWA]]). The manuscript continues saying that ''Sauron'' "could be a genuine [[Sindarin]] formation from ''[[saur]]''; but is probably from Quenya". However, this origin appears to have been rejected, as it is followed by the comment "No. [[THAW|THAW-]], cruel. ''[[Saura]]'', cruel" in the manuscript.<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 183-4</ref>
*deriving from the [[Primitive Quendian]] form ''Øaurond-'' (formed from the adjective ''Øaurā'' "detestable", from root [[THAW]]).<ref>{{L|297}}, p. 380</ref>
*deriving from '''''Thauron''''', which includes the [[Sindarin]] element ''[[thaur]]'' ("abominable, abhorrent"; also found in [[Sauron#Other names and titles|''Gor'''thaur''''']]).<ref>{{S|Appendix}} (entry for ''thaur'')</ref>

==Other names and titles==

{{pronounce|Sindarin - Gorthaur.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
'''''Gorthaur''''' ([[Sindarin]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈɡorθaʊr]}}) was a name used of Sauron by the [[Sindar]] during the [[First Age]],<ref>{{S|18}}</ref><ref>{{WJ|15}}, p. 240</ref> meaning "Terrible Dread".

In some of Tolkien's notes from the 1950s, it is said that Sauron's original name was '''''Mairon''''', "the admirable" ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmaɪron]}}), "but this was altered after he was suborned by Melkor. But he continued to call himself Mairon the Admirable, or Tar-mairon 'King Excellent', until after Númenor's downfall."<ref name="PE17.1"/>

Among his many titles were the '''[[Necromancer]]''', '''the Abhorred Dread''', the '''Nameless Enemy''', the '''Cruel''',<ref>{{S|IId}}</ref> the '''Dark Lord of Mordor''' and the '''Lord of the Rings'''. The Dúnedain called him '''Sauron the Deceiver''' due to his role in the downfall of Númenor and the Forging of the Rings of Power.

== Other versions of the Legendarium ==
Prior to the publication of ''The Silmarillion'' Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without full access to Tolkien's notes. In early editions of the ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth|Guide to Middle Earth]]'', Sauron is described as "probably of the Eldar elves."

Since the earliest versions of the ''Silmarillion'' legendarium as detailed in [[the History of Middle-earth]] series, Sauron has undergone many changes. The prototype of this character was '''[[Tevildo]]''', lord of the cats, who played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', '''[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]'''. Tevildo later (but still in the ''Book of Lost Tales'' period) was transformed into '''[[Thû]]''', the Necromancer. The name was then changed to '''Gorthû''', '''Sûr''', and finally to Sauron. ''Gorthû'', in the form ''Gorthaur'' remained in ''The Silmarillion''.

===The Necromancer===

In ''[[The Hobbit]]'' the Necromancer is an obscure villainous entity mentioned fleetingly by [[Gandalf]] as one of the dangers of the wider world. He is peripheral to the plot of the book: explaining why the company takes the dangerous road though Mirkwood rather than going around, and providing a reason for Gandalf's absence for that section of the journey. Thematically the Necromancer, a truly 'terrible' force beyond the power of the main protagonists, gives the world of ''The Hobbit'' a greater level of reality which Tolkien felt was necessary for a 'fairy-tale' to ring true.<ref name="Letter17">{{L|17}}</ref>

Despite the alias it would appear that the Necromancer was always intended to stand for [[Sauron]], a figure from the very earliest phases of his [[Legendarium]] (as [[Tevildo]] in ''[[The Tale of Tinúviel]]''). Shortly after the publication of ''The Hobbit'' Tolkien wrote:
{{blockquote|Mr Baggins began as a comic tale among conventional and inconsistent Grimm's fairy-tale dwarves, and got drawn into the edge of it – so that even Sauron the terrible peeped over the edge.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="Letter19">{{L|19}}</ref>}}

However, as ''The Hobbit'' was not originally intended to be integrated with Tolkien's wider mythology the Necromancer did not necessarily need to be consistent with his [[First Age]] counterpart Sauron, rather the two were loosely linked to add an 'impression of depth' to the narrative of ''The Hobbit''. With Tolkien's decision to merge the two 'worlds' and make Sauron the central antagonist ''[[Lord of the Rings]]'' came the need to reconcile the two figures and account for his whereabouts in the millennia between the end of the First Age and his dwelling in Bilbo's Mirkwood. This was largely achieved in the ''[[Appendix B|Tale of Years]]'', with Sauron becoming a much greater figure after the fall of his master, one who argueably drove the history of the entire Second and Third Ages of Middle-earth.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Sauron in Adaptations
|width=160
|height=160
|lines=3
|File:Prologue - A Ring's Tale.jpg|Sauron in ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]''
|File:LOTR-vol2-Sauron1.png|Sauron in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers]]''
|File:Peter Jackson's Sauron.jpg|Sauron ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Eye Of Sauron.jpg|Eye of Sauron in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
|File:Necromancer.jpg|The Necromancer in the ''[[Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''
|File:Lord of the Rings The Third Age - Eye of Sauron.png|Eye of Sauron in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online Shadows of Angmar - Eye of Sauron.png|Eye of Sauron in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings Conquest - Sauron1.png|Sauron in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]''
}}

'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)]]'':'''
:The voice of Sauron is provided by [[Felix Felton]].<ref name="RT1724">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1724, [[23 November|November 23]], [[1956]]</ref>

'''1966: ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]'':'''

'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'':'''
:Sauron is mentioned only very briefly at the end; [[Gandalf]] and [[Elrond]] discuss how the "Necromancer" had been driven from his abode in the south of [[Mirkwood]].

'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]'':'''

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''

'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'':'''

'''1979: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)]]'':'''

'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'':'''

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)]]'':'''

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:Sauron is treated as a Mage of level 180 (level 360 if using the One Ring). Among his items are the Elf-slaying Black Sword (S. ''Mormegil''), the Gauntlet of Slaying ("Narsil's Bane"), and the Black Scale of dragonskin. Among his special powers are Domination (control over other players using the One Eye), resistance to normal weapons, and the ability to force anyone within his sight to resist fear (or otherwise becoming frozen).<ref>{{ICE|8002}}, pp. 98-102</ref><ref>{{ICE|2006}}, pp. 97-105</ref>

'''1985: ''[[Lord of the Rings: Game One]]'':'''

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''

'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)]]'':'''
:Sauron is mentioned by [[Gandalf]] in the beginning of the game.

'''1993: ''[[Hobitit]]'':'''

'''1993: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Sauron is mentioned in the beginning of the game, when [[Gandalf]] explains the history of [[the One Ring]].

'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
:The card "[http://www.tradecardsonline.com/im/selectCard/card_id/54534/cards_lang/1 Sauron]", appearing in the set ''[[Middle-earth: The Balrog|The Balrog]]'', is playable as a manifestation of the card "[http://www.tradecardsonline.com/im/selectCard/card_id/54002/cards_lang/1 The Lidless Eye]" (from the set [[Middle-earth: The Lidless Eye|''The Lidless Eye'']]), and can be used by players to enhance their general influence.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tradecardsonline.com/im/selectCard/game_id/20/goal/|articlename=Home page for the game Middle Earth|dated=|website=[http://www.tradecardsonline.com/ Trade Cards Online]|accessed=5 January 2012}}</ref>

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]'':'''

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':'''

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]'':'''

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''

'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'':'''
:Sauron and the events of the south of Mirkwood are left unmentioned. However, whilst in Mirkwood, [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] has to defeat creatures that he calls "Minions of the Necromancer".

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'':'''
:At the end of the game, Berethor and company (the playable characters) have to defeat the eye of Sauron by physically attacking him on top of [[Barad-dûr]].

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''

'''2005: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Tactics]]'':'''

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'':'''

'''2008: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'':'''

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''

'''2010: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'':'''

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'''''

'''2012-3: [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]:'''
:[[Benedict Cumberbatch]] is set to play the voice of Sauron, as the "Necromancer".

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Sauron|Images of Sauron]]

{{References|note}}

{{sequence
|prev=''N/A''
|next=[[Isildur]]
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] c. [[Second Age 1600|S.A. 1600]] – [[Second Age 3441|3441]]}}{{ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]
[[de:Sauron]]
[[fa:سائورون]]
[[fi:Sauron]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/sauron]]

Bilbo Baggins

2012-02-04T02:53:30Z

Icarus: More Bilbo visible.

{{sources}}
{{disambig-two|Bilbo Baggins|tenth child and fifth son of [[Samwise Gamgee]]|[[Bilbo Gardner]]}}
{{Hobbit
| image = [[File:J.R.R._Tolkien_-_Bilbo_Baggins_(colour).jpg|250px]]
| name = Bilbo Baggins
| othernames =
| birth = [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|2890}}
| death = Sailed [[Aman|West]] [[29 September|September 29]], {{TA|3021}}
| parentage= [[Bungo Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]]
| location = [[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]], [[Rivendell]], [[Valinor]]
| race = [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| gender = Male
| height = Between 3' and 3'6"
| hair = Brown, later White
| eyes =
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a Hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a hobbit-hole and that means comfort.|[[The Hobbit]], "[[An Unexpected Party]]"}}

'''Bilbo Baggins''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who lived in [[The Shire]] during the final years of the [[Third Age]]. His adventure with the dwarves [[Thorin|Thorin]] and company earned him a fortune, and brought [[the One Ring]] of [[Sauron]] back into knowledge. Bilbo was noteworthy as the first [[ring-bearer]] in the history of [[Middle-earth]] to give up [[the One Ring]] voluntarily; he surrendered the ring to [[Frodo Baggins]] at [[Gandalf]]'s request.

== History ==
===Early Life and Adventures===
Bilbo Baggins was born on [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|2890|n}} of the [[Third Age]], the son of [[Bungo Baggins|Bungo]] [[Baggins Family|Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]]. To the eyes of his neighbors, he seemed just like his father - a solid, sensible, unadventurous and respectable hobbit. In {{TA|2941}}, he reluctantly joined [[Gandalf]], [[Thorin]] and his twelve [[Dwarves]] on the [[Quest of Erebor|quest]] to reclaim the [[Lonely Mountain]] (and its sizeable hoard) from the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]]. Gandalf had convinced Thorin that Bilbo was the right hobbit to be a burglar for them, despite Bilbo's feeble objections. Thus the hobbit became part of the [[Thorin and Company|company]].

[[Image:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Expulsion'' by [[Donato Giancola]].]]Bilbo, out the door early without a pocket handkerchief, aroused doubts in his dwarvish comrades when they fell in with some [[trolls]]. Bilbo was sent to check them out, and only got captured. He escaped the trolls but was helpless to prevent all the dwarves from being captured. Gandalf, however, came in the nick of time and saved them all with his voice imitations. Upon the discovery of the troll-cave and the swords of Gondolin, Bilbo discovered [[Sting|a small blade]] and bore it with him ever after.

Eventually they came to [[Rivendell]], where Bilbo was enchanted with the [[Elves]]. After their stay there, the company entered the [[Misty Mountains]]. Bilbo and the dwarves were captured by [[Orcs|goblins]], but saved by Gandalf once more. However Bilbo, carried by [[Dori]], was dropped in the escape. Wandering in the dark passages, he picked up a strange [[The One Ring|golden ring]], and came to the lake of [[Gollum]]. Gollum, desiring to eat the hobbit but not willing to face his blade, engaged in a riddle contest. If Bilbo won, according to the predetermined rules, Gollum would lead him to safety. If Gollum won, however, Bilbo would submit to be eaten.

[[Image:Michael Hague - Riddles in the Dark.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Riddles in the Dark'' by [[Michael Hague]].]]Bilbo won the contest by accident, wondering outloud as he fingered the ring he had picked up, "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum mistook this for a question, and Bilbo decided to stick to it. Gollum lost, but went back to his little island to take the ring Bilbo had picked up (as it was a magic ring) to turn himself invisible and kill the hobbit anyway. But of course the ring was not there, and Gollum, enraged, suddenly guessed that Bilbo had it. He chased Bilbo, but Bilbo unwittingly used the ring and escaped his notice. Gollum led Bilbo to the eastern door of the goblin-tunnels, through which Bilbo departed in safety and rejoined his fellow adventurers. But he said nothing of the ring.

===Across Rhovanion===
The company had not journeyed long when they were chased and [[wargs]] and forced to climb a group of trees. Gandalf kept them at bay with pyrotechnical pinecones, but eventually goblins came and set the trees to fire. Even Gandalf had begun to despair, but the [[Eagles]] of [[Gwaihir]] came to rescue them, bringing them first to the eyry, then to the [[Carrock]]. Bilbo did not enjoy his experience of being carried by his rescuers, apparently suffering from a fear of heights.

From the Carrock they came to [[Beorn]]'s [[Beorn's Hall|Hall]]. Gandalf took only Bilbo at first, but with his story introduced the dwarves in pairs, convincing Beorn to house them for a time. Eventually, Beorn even gave them mounts and set them on their way to [[Mirkwood]]. Bilbo alone (save for perhaps Gandalf) noticed that Beorn still followed them in bear-form. Gandalf turned back at the edge of Mirkwood, and left them to brave the perils on their own.

Bilbo "helped" the dwarves by climbing a tree midway through the wood, and declaring he could see only trees, not realizing they were at the bottom of a bowl formation. Later, when the dwarves were taken by [[spiders]], Bilbo rescued them with his ring and little blade, which he named ''[[Sting]]'' after its first kill. Calling the spiders names, he lured them away and came back around to help with the battle between the dwarves and spiders. Eventually, the company won with no serious injuries, but was later captured when intruding on the feasts of [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]]. Bilbo, with his ring, escaped notice and thus capture. He followed the elves into the [[Halls of Thranduil]], where the dwarves refused to tell their errand to [[Thranduil]] King and were locked up. Later, getting used to the elven halls and with the aid of his magic ring, he devised a plan for the dwarves to escape. It worked, with the dwarves being packed away in barrels and launched into the [[Forest River]]. Poor Bilbo was forced to cling to the barrels, invisible, and grew cold and wet. Upon reaching [[Lake-town]], he had an awful cold, despite the feigned hospitality of the [[Master of Lake-town]] and the people of that town.

===Encounter with the Dragon===
On their way again, the party came to the [[Lonely Mountain]], where they followed the instructions of the map to find the [[Back Door|secret entrance]]. Bilbo, and the dwarves, were unable to open it. Bilbo sat days on the [[doorstep]], thinking, and before long autumn waned. Soon the dwarves began to grumble against the hobbit, but Bilbo finally solved the riddle of the thrush knocking at the last light of Durin's Day. The dwarves found that he was right, and with the key managed to open the passage.

Bilbo was, of course, elected to enter the passage first, taking only [[Balin]] with him. Soon Balin halted, but Bilbo went on, finding Smaug's lair and stealing a single jewelled cup before returning. But he did ill in this, for when Smaug awoke he ravaged the mountain. Despite their grumbling, the dwarves had begun to rely on Bilbo's advice for their course of action, and agreed to wait. Bilbo soon decided, however, to return and try and find a weakness in Smaug. Slipping on his ring, he approached the dragon's hoard.

Gandalf had indeed done well in choosing Bilbo, for the old worm did not recognize Bilbo's scent, and was puzzled. Nevertheless he sensed the hobbit's presence, and challenged him. Bilbo riddled with him about his own identity and flattered the dragon. This confrontation did not last especially long, for Bilbo tricked Smaug into showing his underside. Bilbo then saw the gap in the dragon's hard scales, an unprotected place. Bilbo, upon seeing this, cracked a joke and hastily departed, and for this was nearly burned to death. All the same, he escaped and recovered, and told the dwarves what he had learned. This indirectly aided the company, for a [[thrush]] overheard, and this would prove beneficial in the end.

===Death of Smaug===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Scouring the Mountain.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Scouring the Mountain'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]As darkness came, Bilbo urged the dwarves to close the door for fear of Smaug's vengeance. Reluctantly, and at last, they gave in. Just as the door closed, Smaug ravaged the side of the mountain, blocking up the door and destroying the doorstep. Then Smaug went on to wreck his vengeance on Laketown. There, armed with the knowledge given him by the Thrush who overheard Bilbo telling about the unprotected patch of Smaug's skin, [[Bard]] the bowman of the heirs of [[Dale]] shot Smaug dead. The people, no longer afraid, proclaimed him king of a restored [[Dale]]. Bard summoned [[Thranduil]] to help rebuild Laketown and Dale, in return for part of the treasure.

Meanwhile, in the Lonely Mountain, Bilbo and the dwarves decided to inspect the hoard while Smaug was away. During this time Bilbo stumbled across a gigantic and beautiful gem. Recalling an earlier conversation, Bilbo decided it was the famous [[Arkenstone]], but felt strangely reluctant to give it up. Instead, he put it in his pocket and continued on. After a song and gathering of treasure, the party eventually found the [[Front Gate]], and sheltered in a [[guardroom]]. Thorin gave Bilbo a beautiful [[Mithril#The Mithril Coat|coat]] of [[mithril]] as a first reward for his services.

At that time [[Roäc]] the raven came to them, and told of the death of Smaug. He counseled them to make peace with Bard and Thranduil, though it cost him dearly in gold. Thorin rejected this advice, and harshly responded to the polite words of Bard at his door. Bard's reasoning did little for the stubborn King under the Mountain. Bilbo feared war, and to prevent this gave the Arkenstone into the hands of [[Bard]] for negotiation. With the praise of Bard, Thranduil, and Gandalf he returned, only to be rejected and cast away for his deed by Thorin. But Bilbo was successful in that Thorin was willing to negotiate, and war was prevented temporarily.

===Battle and Return Journey===
And yet war did come. [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]], at the summons of Thorin, came from the [[Iron Hills]] with an army of dwarves. Bard refused to let the dwarves enter the mountain, which would mean a long and almost certainly unsuccessful siege. But just as battle was about to be joined, Gandalf called them all to be wary of the new coming danger - the alliance of [[Wargs]] and [[Orcs|Goblins]] against them. Dáin, Bard, and Thranduil took council together, and decided upon a strategy of defending the slopes of the Lonely Mountain. Then the enemy came. Thus was the [[Battle of Five Armies]] fought.

[[Image:Darrell Sweet - The Death of Thorin Oakenshield.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''The Death of Thorin'' by [[Darrell Sweet]].]]During the battle Bilbo stood with Thranduil and Gandalf on [[Ravenhill]]. As the battle went against the men, dwarves, and elves, Bilbo reflected gloomily on the ingloriousness of war and the bitterness of the end. But then the [[Eagles]] of [[Gwaihir]] came, and [[Beorn]] too, and the battle was won. But Bilbo did not see this result, for a falling stone knocked him out. Invisible as he was, his bruised body was not discovered until the next day. Bilbo then bade farewell to the mortally wounded Thorin and his other friends. Then, taking his share of the treasure, he returned with Gandalf to [[the Shire]]. There he discovered that he was believed dead, and an auction was going on of his house and possessions. He bought back his own things, and settled once more peacefully into [[Bag End]].

===The Years Between===
Bilbo lived on in health and comfort, high in the regard of those who knew him best, but considered somewhat of an oddity. He adopted his young cousin [[Frodo Baggins]] as his heir, and raised him in Bag End. Occasionally he received visitors; dwarves, Gandalf, or even elves from time to time. Most of his time was spent reading, writing his memoirs, writing poetry, and avoiding his nasty relatives the [[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville-Bagginses]].

His life was extended by the ring (actually [[the One Ring]] of ancient history), and yet as he lived on with no apparent sign of aging, he began to feel stretched and thin. At last, in September of [[Third Age 3001|3001]], Bilbo threw a [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|grand party]] for his 111th birthday (which happened to be shared with Frodo). During this party he did a vanishing act with his ring and left with three dwarves for [[Rivendell]], to live with [[Elrond]] and the elves there. He left all his possessions to Frodo, including, urged by Gandalf, the One Ring. He was the first ringbearer to so give up the object.

===End of the Third Age===

[[Image:Bilbo smoking a pipe.jpg|thumb|250px|Bilbo smoking a pipe in [[Peter Jackson]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.]]He lived a very pleasant life of retirement in Rivendell: eating, sleeping, writing poetry, and working on his memoir, ''[[There and Back Again]]'', known to us as ''[[The Hobbit]]''. He also wrote a book called ''[[Translations from the Elvish]]'', which formed the basis of what is known to us as ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

When Frodo came to Rivendell twelve years later, Bilbo attended the [[Council of Elrond]], offering to take the Ring to [[Mount Doom]]. Nevertheless this task fell to the younger Frodo, and in farewell Bilbo gave him [[Sting]] and his old mithril coat, both of which bore him well in the struggles to come.

The [[War of the Ring]] was fought far from where Bilbo dwelt, but successfully, and in the end Frodo returned home. Two years later, however, Bilbo as a former ringbearer accompanied Frodo Baggins, Gandalf, and certain Elves to the [[Grey Havens]], there to take ship for [[Valinor]] across the sea, on [[29 September|September 29]], [[Third Age 3021|3021]]. He had already celebrated his 131st birthday, becoming the oldest Hobbit in the history of Middle-earth. So he passed West to die in peace in Valinor.

The last writing of Bilbo appears in the form of the poem "''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]''." It is a poem Bilbo conceivably composed while sailing west, and looking back on Middle-earth in farewell. It was published after Tolkien's death.

==Names==
* Bilbo Baggins
* Burglar, from a note on Bilbo's door left by [[Gandalf]]<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref>
* Thief, from [[Gollum]] after Bilbo stole [[the One Ring]]. [[Smaug]] also gave the name to Bilbo after he stole a cup.<ref>{{H|Riddles}}</ref>
* Clue-finder, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug">{{H|Inside}}</ref>
* Web-cutter, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Stinging Fly, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Ringwinner, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Luckwearer, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Barrel-rider, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug, Smaug also later addressed Bilbo by this name.<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Mr. Lucky Number, a name given to Bilbo by Smaug.<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Child of the Kindly West, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]].<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>
* Bilbo the Magnificent, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thranduil]]<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>
* Elf-friend, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thranduil]]<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>
* Mad Baggins, a name first given to Bilbo by [[Rorimac Brandybuck]] after Bilbo disappeared suddenly from his Birthday Party.<ref>{{FR|I1}}</ref> It later became the name of a favourite character of legend who would vanish with a bang and a flash, only to reappear with bags of jewels and gold.<ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref>
* Ring-bearer, for his bearing of [[the One Ring]].
* Bilba Labingi, the original hobbit name for Bilbo.
==Etymology==
''Bilbo'' comes from the Spanish town Bilbao, meaning "beautiful ford".

==Genealogy==
{{Baggins}}

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
<gallery>
File:Bilbo Baggins - The Hobbit 1966.png|<center>''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]''</center>
Image:Bilbo Baggins from Rankin-Bass' The Hobbit.jpg|<center>''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]''</center>
Image:Ian Holm as Bilbo.jpg|<center>[[Ian Holm]] as Bilbo Baggins in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''</center>
Image:Bilbo viv lotr.JPG|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''</center>
Image:The Hobbit (2003) One Ring.JPG|<center>''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]''
File:The Hobbit films - Bilbo with the Dwarves.png|[[Martin Freeman]] as Bilbo Baggins in [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]].</center>
</gallery>
'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Felix Felton]].

'''1966: ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]'':'''
:Many characters are omitted, and Bilbo takes over the roles of several. He causes the "Growns" (substitutes for the trolls) to quarrel, and he kills the dragon [[Smaug|Slag]] with the Arkenstone. At the end, he marries the princess of Dale.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Bilbo is portrayed by [[Paul Daneman]], and several times, when he introduces himself, he spells out his last name ("B-A-GG-I-N-S").

'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]'':'''
:[[Orson Bean]] was the voice of Bilbo.

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:[[Norman Bird]] was the voice of Bilbo, and [[Billy Barty]] the body double.

'''1979: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|Mind's Eye's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Ray Reinhardt]].

'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|Mind's Eye's The Hobbit]]'':'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Ray Reinhardt]].

'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'':'''
:Orson Bean reprised his role as Bilbo. He lives in [[Rivendell]], and listens to the tale of Frodo of the Nine Fingers. Some archive footage from ''Rankin/Bass' The Hobbit'' is also shown at the start of the film.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Bilbo is portrayed by [[John Le Mesurier]].

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Bilbo is played by [[Ian Holm]], who also played [[Frodo Baggins]] in the radio series 20 years earlier.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Bilbo has a short appearance in Rivendell, after the [[Council of Elrond]]. He is voiced by [[Jim Piddock]].

'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]'':'''
:[[Michael Beattie]] provides the voice of a young, redheaded Bilbo.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Bilbo is a non-playable character, who resides at the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]] in [[Rivendell]]. The player can find him at the [[Hall of Fire]].

'''2012-3: [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]:'''
:[[Ian Holm]] will reprise his role as an older Bilbo.<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557|articlename=One comment that...|dated=22-April-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> Whilst the younger Bilbo will be portrayed by [[Martin Freeman]].<ref name="PJCasting2">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Bilbo Baggins|Images of Bilbo Baggins]]

{{references}}

{{sequence
|prev=[[Gollum]]
|next=[[Frodo Baggins]]
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] [[Third Age 2941|T.A. 2941]] - [[22 September|September 22]] [[Third Age 3001|3001]]}}

{{Thorin and Company}}

[[Category:Baggins]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]

[[de:Bilbo Beutlin]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:sacquet:bilbo_sacquet]]
[[fi:Bilbo Reppuli]]

Sting

2012-02-04T02:52:34Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptions */

{{rewrite}}
[[Image:John Howe - Sting.jpg|thumb|''Sting'' by [[John Howe]].]]
'''Sting''' was an [[Elvish]] knife that was probably made in [[Gondolin]] in the [[First Age]]. Its maker and original bearer are unknown.

==History==
During the [[Quest of Erebor]], in [[May]] [[Third_Age_2941|2941]]<ref>{{H|2}}</ref>, [[Thorin and Company]] happened upon a trio of nasty, hungry [[Trolls]] named [[Tom]], [[Bert]], and [[William Huggins]] who nearly ate them for supper. Only the intervention of [[Gandalf]] the Grey saved the company from such a horrible fate. <ref>{{H|2}}</ref>

During the scuffle, Willaim dropped the key to their troll-cave, which contained all manner of treasure plundered from the trolls' victims. [[Bilbo Baggins]] recovered the key, allowing the company to claim the treasure in its entirety, including several fine [[Elves|Elvish]] blades. [[Glamdring]] went to Gandalf, while its mate [[Orcrist]] was claimed by [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]]. Bilbo, too, claimed a blade: merely a dagger by the standards of [[Men]] or its original Elvish makers, and but a tiny pocket-knife for the trolls whose hoard it was found in, but it made an excellent short sword for a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]. <ref>{{H|2}}</ref>

When Bilbo was captured by [[Orcs|goblins]] while crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], the goblins failed to notice the weapon simply because Bilbo wore it inside his breeches.<ref>{{H|5}}</ref> When Bilbo was separated from the others during their escape, this allowed him to rely on the dagger's glowing blade to light his way, as well as use it to keep a hungry [[Gollum]] at bay while he tried to find his way out of the labyrinthine tunnels in the roots of the mountains.<ref>{{H|5}}</ref>

The weapon remained nameless until the company reached [[Mirkwood]] and, deep in the darkness, Bilbo and his companions were beset by the forest's [[Spider|spiders]]. Awakening to find himself half-cocooned, Bilbo used the dagger to free himself and slay his attacker, the first time he had used it in battle. The act prompted him to name the weapon with the words, "I will give you a name, and I will call you ''Sting''." <ref>{{H|8}}</ref> Bilbo used the newly-christened Sting to cut the spiders' silk to free his companions, and during the ensuing battle, utilized it in combination with the [[The One Ring|magic ring]] he had found in Gollum's cave, thrown rocks, and hurled insults to help the venom-weakened dwarves fight their way out of the spiders' nest. <ref>{{H|8}}</ref>

When Bilbo returned to [[the Shire]] in [[Third_Age_2942|2942]], he brought his little dagger with him. He displayed it above the mantleplace, where it most likely was when Gandalf and [[Balin]] visited him seven years later in [[Third_Age_2949|2949]] <ref>{{H|19}}</ref>After the [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]] on [[22 September|September 22]], [[Third_Age_3001|3001]], Bilbo took Sting with him when he left [[Hobbiton]], and it resided with the aged hobbit in [[Rivendell]] for the next 17 years. In [[Third_Age_3018|3018]], just before the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] set off from Rivendell, Bilbo gave Sting to his nephew [[Frodo Baggins]], as well as his wondrous coat of [[Mithril]] mail, as a gift to protect him on the perilous journey to [[Mount Doom]] that lay ahead.

As a consequence of his centuries of corruption under The One Ring's influence, Gollum feared weapons of Elvish make like Sting, which made the knife a factor in aiding Frodo in temporarily taming the wretched creature. It also helped Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee]] escape from the lair of the terrible [[Shelob]] in [[Cirith Ungol]], and during the ensuing battle, even after paralyzing Frodo, the massive spider met its match in a determined Samwise Gamgee and learned how the Elvish weapon earned its name. Still armed with Sting, Sam stormed the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] in order to rescue Frodo, though he found little in the way of a fight, as the tower had seen a battle between its own forces over Frodo's mithril-mail coat.

After the defeat of Sauron at the end of the [[Third Age]], when both Bilbo and Frodo sailed across the sea to the [[Undying Lands]], Sting remained with Sam. He may have taken it with him when he, at last, followed them as was his right as the last remaining [[Ring-Bearer]], or it may have remained as an heirloom of the [[Gardner Family]].

==Special Properties==

Sting had the (apparently) magic ability to detect the presence of goblins in its vicinity. When Orcs were nearby, it glowed blue, as it did when the Fellowship encountered Orcs in the mines of [[Moria]]. Sting also glowed in the presence of the giant spider descendants of [[Ungoliant]], such as the spiders of Mirkwood and Shelob.

Sting also performed better than ordinary weapons in combat and against odd materials; it cut through the webs of giant spiders easily, whereas the [[Daggers of Westernesse|blade]] that Sam brought from the [[Barrow-downs]] failed to cut through Shelob's webs.

==Portrayal in Adaptions==
<center>
<gallery>
Image:StingRB1977.JPG|<center>''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]''</center>
Image:StingRB1980.JPG|<center>''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]''</center>
File:The Hobbit-An Unexpected Journey-Bilbo&Sting1.png|<center>[[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]</center>
</gallery></center>
'''[[1977]]: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Sting has a distinctive shape, with a vaguely leaf-shaped blade, round, ball-shaped pommel, featureless black hilt, and a unique guard sporting a ring in the front that the wielder's finger slips into when grasping the hilt. This version of Sting glows bright white, not blue as in the books and most other adaptations. Notably, following the Rankin/Bass adaptations' pattern of not explicitly showing violence, Sting is not shown stabbing or slashing its victims; instead, a strange fly-eye like effect is shown when Bilbo slays the giant spiders in Mirkwood, an effect that is oddly repeated when he knocks another spider off of a branch with a rock.<ref>''The Hobbit (1977 film)''</ref>

'''[[1980]]: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Sting's appearance is broadly similar to that in Rankin/Bass' earlier film, with some alterations; notably, the shape of the blade is changed from vaguely leaf-shaped to stout and straight-bladed, and the hilt is no longer a featureless black, but is now adorned with intricate designs.<ref>''The Return of the King (1980 film)''</ref>

'''[[2001]]-[[2003|3]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Sting is leaf-shaped. Upon its crossguard are engraved the [[Sindarin]] words:

:[[image:sting_engraved.png]] 
::''Maegnas aen estar nin dagnir in yngyl im''

:Which is translated "Maegnas is my name, I am the spider's bane" (Maegnas is [[neo-Sindarin]] for "Sting")

Since the sword was given a name by Bilbo and the inscription mentions Bilbo's adventure, it can be supposed that the Elves engraved the letters on the ancient sword while Bilbo was in Rivendell.

'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Unlike the book, Sting is first seen in the Dream World stage, a sort of tutorial wherein Bilbo, after fainting during the Unexpected Party, dreams he is at the Battle of Five Armies and must fight his way through a few waves of goblins before being overwhelmed by [[Bolg]] and his guard, startling awake, and continuing the story.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Dream World"</ref> After Bilbo awakens, Sting is not seen again until the end of the Troll-Hole stage, which takes place after the encounter with Tom, Bill, and Bert like in the book. Unlike in the book, where Bilbo does not name Sting until he is in [[Mirkwood]], he gives it a name almost immediately.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Troll-hole"</ref>

{{references}}
{{weapons}}

[[Category:Swords]]

[[de:Stich]]
[[fr:encyclo:artefacts:armes:dard]]
[[fi:Piikki]]

File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Smaug.png

2012-02-02T08:33:43Z

Icarus: Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film) Category:Images of Smaug

[[Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)]]
[[Category:Images of Smaug]]

Smaug

2012-02-02T08:32:59Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in adaptations */

{{Dragon infobox
| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Conversation with Smaug (large).jpg|250px]]
| name=Smaug
| othernames=Smaug the Golden Lord Smaug the Impenetrable [[Trāgu]] (''[[#Names and Titles|see below]]'')
| realm=[[Erebor]]<ref name="AppA3"/>
| hoard=Treasure of [[Thrór]], including the [[Arkenstone]]<ref name="AppA3"/>
| birth={{TA|2770}}<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref>
| death={{TA|2941}}<ref name="AppB2"/>
| deathlocation=[[Lake-town]]<ref name="H14">{{H|14}}</ref>
| slayer=[[Bard|Bard the Bowman]]<ref name="H14"/>
| type=''[[Urulókë]]''<ref name="Index">{{S|Index}}, entry ''Urulóki'': "''Quenya word meaning 'fire-serpent', dragon''"</ref>
| legs=Yes
| wings=Yes
| colour=Red-golden
}}
<center>{{quote|Never laugh at live dragons, Bilbo you fool!|[[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] to himself.<ref name="H12">{{H|12}}</ref>}}</center>
'''Smaug''' (birth unknown – [[Third Age]] {{TA|2941|n}}) was the greatest [[Fire-drakes|fire-breathing]] [[Dragons|dragon]] of the [[Third Age]]. Details of his origin are unknown, but in {{TA|2770}} he attacked the [[Erebor|Lonely Mountain]] and the town of [[Dale]]. He claimed the treasure of the mountain for himself and forced [[Thrór]], [[King under the Mountain]], and [[Durin's Folk|his people]] into exile. [[Thorin|Thorin's]] quest - with the help of his burglar [[Bilbo Baggins]] - to reclaim the treasure ended in success when Smaug was slain by [[Bard]] in {{TA|2941}}.<ref name="H14"/><ref name="AppA3"/><ref name="AppB2"/><ref name="H1">{{H|1}}</ref>

==Appearance==
When [[Bilbo Baggins]] first encounters Smaug he can hear his snoring - "''like the noise of a large pot galloping in the fire, mixed with the rumble of a gigantic tom-cat purring''" - but is most of all struck by the reddish glow and heat that Smaug gives off, both of which travel up the passage-way so Smaug is felt long before he is seen. His flames are green and scarlet.<ref name="H12"/>

{{blockquote|There he lay, a vast red-golden dragon, fast asleep; thrumming came from his jaws and nostrils, and wisps of smoke, but his fires were low in slumber. Beneath him, under all his limbs and his huge coiled tail, and about him on all sides stretching away across the unseen floors, lay countless piles of precious things, [[gold]] wrought and unwrought, gems and jewels, and silver red-stained in the ruddy light. Smaug lay, with wings folded like an immeasurable bat, turned partly on one side, so that the hobbit could see his underparts and his long pale belly crusted with gems and fragments of gold from his long lying on his costly bed.|{{H|12}}}}
[[File:John Howe - Smaug the Golden.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''Smaug the Golden'' by [[John Howe]]]]

==History==
===Sack of Erebor===
:''See also: [[Sack of Erebor]]''
In {{TA|2770}}, Smaug first appeared in the history of [[Middle-earth]] when he flew south "''like a hurricane coming from the North''" and attacked the wealthy [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] kingdom of [[Erebor|the Lonely Mountain]] and its adjacent lands: he first landed upon the mountain before going down the slopes and setting the woods on fire. When the [[dwarves]] came running out of the front gate Smaug killed them all before turning his attention to the men of [[Dale]], also killing most of their warriors including [[Girion]], [[Lord of Dale]] (but his wife and child safely fled to [[Lake-town]]<ref name="H14"/>). Returning to the mountain, he crawled into the [[Front Gate|front gate]] and left no dwarf left alive.

Only [[Thrór]], [[King under the Mountain]], and his son [[Thráin II]] managed to escape by using the [[Back Door|secret side-door]] (Thrór later gave the key to the secret door and [[Thrór's Map|a map]] of the Lonely Mountain to Thráin). Smaug claimed the treasure (which included the [[Arkenstone]] and [[Mithril#The Mithril Coat|a mithril shirt]]) for himself and laid there upon a bed of gold, only occasionally leaving the mountain to carry away people (especially maidens) and continue the destruction of Dale.<ref name="H1"/><ref name="AppA3"/> The area surrounding the mountain became known as the [[Desolation of the Dragon]] as "''there was neither bush nor tree, and only broken and blackened stumps to speak of ones long vanished''".<ref name="H11"/>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Scouring the Mountain.jpg|thumb|left|''Scouring the Mountain'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]

===The Quest for Erebor===
:''See also: [[The Hobbit#Synopsis|The Hobbit]]''

In {{TA|2850}}, [[Gandalf]], whilst spying on the [[Necromancer]] in [[Dol Guldur]], found a Dwarf imprisoned; near death, the dwarf gave Gandalf a key and a map. Unbeknownst to Gandalf at the time this dwarf was [[Thráin II|Thráin]], [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]], who had been captured by the Necromancer in {{TA|2845}}. Having discovered that the Necromancer was indeed [[Sauron]], Gandalf was very concerned that Sauron could use Smaug to a devastating effect. It is for this reason that Gandalf sought a plan to neutralise the threat of Smaug and limit the potential power of Sauron in the north of Middle-earth.<ref name="UTErebor"/>

By chance on [[15 March]] {{TA|2941|n}}, Gandalf met [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]] in [[Bree]] (although another source states that they met when Thorin overtook but started to talk to Gandalf on the road<ref name="UTErebor">{{UT|9}}</ref>). They discussed their desire to destroy Smaug and retake the Lonely Mountain; they later met in [[Thorin's Halls]] in the [[Blue Mountains]] to develop a plan. Gandalf wanted Thorin to take the [[hobbits|hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]] as a ''burglar'' on their adventure to retake Erebor; this took considerable persuasion.<ref name="AppB2"/><ref name="AppA3"/>

Later in {{TA|2941}}, at the home of [[Bilbo Baggins]], Gandalf presented Thorin with the map and key, and accompanied them on part of their quest.<ref name=H1/> The party reached the mountain later that year on [[Durin's Day]]. They sent Bilbo in through the secret door to carry out his duty as their burglar, stealing a small - but heavy - cup from the dragon's vast hoard of treasure Smaug used as a bed. This enraged Smaug beyond measure, causing him to leave his chamber and scour the mountainside for the intruder; remembering hearing strange noises from the passageway he failed to find the entrance, only eating their ponies.<ref name="H11">{{H|11}}</ref><ref name="H12"/>

Remembering a saying of [[Bungo Baggins|his father]]'s, "''every worm has a weak spot''", Bilbo offered to return the the dragon's lair - the Dwarves ardently accepted and, putting on [[the One Ring|the ring]], off he went. Bilbo believed that the dragon was fast asleep and that his presence would remain unknown to the dragon, however, Smaug was pretending to be asleep. He then spoke to Bilbo:

{{blockquote|Well thief! I smell you and I feel your air. I hear your breath. Come along! Help yourself again, there is plenty and to spare!|Smaug to [[Bilbo Baggins]].}}

But Bilbo was more shrewd than Smaug gave him credit: Bilbo praised the dragon and made sure that he didn't reveal his real name, speaking only in [[Riddle-game|riddles]]. Smaug couldn't resist the fascination of what Bilbo had said - he needed to understand it - so they continued to talk; he was also intrigued to smell something new being puzzled by the never-before-encountered "hobbit-smell". Bilbo grew more and more uncomfortable in the presence of Smaug, but plucking up courage he revealed that he had not come for the treasure alone: Smaug laughed and mocked the notion that anyone could steal from him and get away with it. Bilbo eventually revealed the true purpose of his mission to Smaug, that of "''revenge''" - Smaug burst into a devastating laughter, shaking Bilbo to the floor, mocking the suggestion that anyone could achieve revenge, boasting about his achievements and strengths. Bilbo then suggested that dragon's were softer underneath, particularly in the chest: in retaliation and vanity Smaug rolled over, claiming that Bilbo's information was false and outdated. But Bilbo saw something crucial, thinking:

{{blockquote|Old fool! Why there is a large patch in the hollow of his left breast as bare as a snail out of its shell!|Bilbo, to himself.}}

Bilbo had obtained the information that he had needed. He fled up the passage, leaving behind a dragon infuriated by the notion of "revenge", having the hair on the back of his head and heels singed off. When Bilbo returned the the door-step he regaled the dwarves with the story of his conversation with the dragon whilst the [[Thrushes|thrush]] was listening. Smaug left his lair once more and smashed the mountainside with strikes of his tail, trapping [[Thorin and Company]] inside the secret passage.<ref name="HInsider" />

===Death and aftermath===
Realizing that the [[Lake-men]] of [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] must have helped the intruders - reinforced by Bilbo calling himself the "''Barrel-rider''". The waters turned red but Smaug dared not get too close as the water would quench his fire; as the Lake-men had cut the bridges, Smaug flew above attacking and setting the town aflame, destroying the Great House with a swipe of his tail. The dragon's scales were impervious to the arrows of the defenders, but the thrush had flown to the town and informed [[Bard]] - a descendent of [[Girion]], [[Lord of Dale]] - of the bare spot in Smaug's armour. He was then able to kill Smaug by firing the [[Black Arrow]] directly into the vulnerable spot of his left breast. As Smaug fell he crashed into and destroyed Esgaroth.<ref name="H14"/>

After Smaug's death, [[Thorin and Company]] claimed the treasure as theirs by birthright. This created a conflict with Bard and the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]] of [[Mirkwood]], who each wanted a portion of the treasure as reimbursement for huge damage that Smaug had inflicted upon them. Thorin refused to share the treasure and had every intention of going to war with the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] and men of Esgaroth to defend his right to the treasure. However the sudden attack by the armies of [[Bolg]] brought the forces of the [[free peoples]] of Middle-earth together in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref name="H15"/><ref name="H16">{{H|16}}</ref><ref name="H17">{{H|17}}</ref>

Following the death of Smaug a new Lake-town was built further north; Smaug's bones could be seen from the shore but the people were always fearful of it and a no one dared go in the water to retrieve the gems or gold.<ref name="H14"/> After the Battle of Five Armies, Bilbo's fourteenth-share of the hoard was given over to Bard who sent some to Lake-town to aid its rebuilding.<ref name="H18">{{H|18}}</ref>

==Personality==
{{blockquote|I kill where I wish and none dare resist. I laid low the warriors of old and their like is not in the world today. Then I was but young and tender. Now I am old and strong, strong strong.|Smaug to Bilbo.}}

Like all dragons, Smaug - described by [[Thorin|Thorin]] as "''a most specially greedy, strong and wicked worm''"<ref name="H1"/> - loves to hoard gold with a meticulous knowledge of his own collection as evidenced by his immediate spotting of the missing cup.<ref name="H12"/> Whilst being quick to anger in defence of his own wealth, he also exhibits a fierce intellect (as well as a curious fascination) in guessing deciphering Bilbo's cryptic origins, a pride and vanity in his own armour, an arrogance in his own invulnerability (laughing at the suggestion that the dwarves would be able to have their revenge), and an ability to question Bilbo's loyalty to the dwarves.<ref name="H12"/>

==Inspiration==
[[File:Smaug vs esgaroth.jpg|thumb|right|220px|''The Death of Smaug'' by [[John Howe]]]]
{{blockquote|Fafnir in the late Norse versions of the Sigurd-story is better; and Smaug and his conversation obviously is in debt there.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="Letter122">{{L|122}}</ref>}}
In [[Letter 122]], Tolkien noted his lack of enthusiasm for the dragon in [[Beowulf]]. Instead he stated his preference for the dragon-like creature [[Wikipedia:Fafnir|Fafnir]] from the late Norse versions of the [[Wikipedia:Sigurd|Sigurd-story]]. Indeed Tolkien wrote that Smaug's character owed much to Fafnir.<ref name="Letter122" />

==Etymology==
Deriving from the same Old English and Germanic roots as ''[[Smials|smial]]'' and ''[[Sméagol|Smeagol]]'',<ref name="RW">{{HM|RW}}, pp. 190-1</ref> the name ''Smaug'' is "the past tense of the primitive Germanic verb ''[[Wiktionary:smeagan|Smugan]]'', to squeeze through a hole".<ref name="Letter25">{{L|25}}</ref> It has been suggested that Tolkien likely thought of [[Old English]] ''smeag'', a word used to describe a "[[worms|worm]]".<ref name=RW/>

==Other names and titles==
In drafts of the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]], Tolkien wrote that ''[[Trāgu]]'' was the name of the name of Smaug in the [[language of Dale]], "Dalish".<ref name="PM54">{{PM|II}}, p. 54</ref>

In the conversation between Smaug and Bilbo, Bilbo calls Smaug "'''Smaug the Tremendous'''", "'''Smaug the Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities'''", "'''Smaug the Mighty'''", "'''Smaug the unassessably wealthy'''", "'''Lord Smaug the Impenetrable'''" and "'''Your Magnificence'''",<ref name="H12"/> and later Bilbo refers to him as "'''Smaug the Terrible'''" and [[Balin]] calls him "'''old Worm'''".<ref name="HInsider">{{H|13}}</ref> When the [[dwarves]] learn of Smaug's demise they grab their harps and sing, referring to Smaug as the "'''Worm of Dread'''".<ref name="H15">{{H|15}}</ref> [[Appendix A]] uses the popular name "'''Smaug the Golden'''",<ref name="AppA3">{{App|A3}}</ref> whilst in "[[The Quest of Erebor]]" he is simply referred to as "'''The Dragon'''".

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In a very early manuscript of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' Smaug was known as ''Pryftan''. Indeed [[John D. Rateliff]] refers to this manuscript as ''The Pryftan Fragment''.<ref>{{HH|I(a)}}, passim</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Smaug in Adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=2
|File:Smaug - The Hobbit 1966.png|Smaug in the [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|1966 film ''The Hobbit'']]
|File:Rankin-Bass' Smaug.jpg|Smaug in the [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|1977 film ''The Hobbit'']]
|File:SMaug-The Hobbit 1982.png|Smaug in the [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|1982 video game ''The Hobbit'']]
|File:Smaug_MERP.png| Smaug in [[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP's]] [[Creatures of Middle-earth|''Creatures of Middle-earth'']]
|File:The Hobbit (2003) Smaug.jpg|Smaug in the [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|2003 video game ''The Hobbit'']]
}}
'''1967: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]'''
:Smaug is named "Slag".

'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Francis de Wolff]] provides Smaug's voice.

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Smaug was voiced by American actor [[Richard Boone]]; his name is pronounced "Smog". In this version, Smaug is broadly similar in size and colour but his shape is less elongated due to being more weighty. Smaug's face is rounder, possessing more mammalian traits - resembling a mix between a cat and a bat - having bat-like ears and fur around the face and down the back. Also, his armour is never mentioned to be strengthened by lying on the treasure, but more resembles an extra padding of skin/scales, minus the bare patch.

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:Smaug's name is pronounced "Smog".<ref>''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'', "Inside Information"</ref> [[Erik Bauersfeld]] performed the voice of the dragon.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.discogs.com/JRR-Tolkien-The-Lord-Of-The-Rings-The-Hobbit/release/602426|articlename=J.R.R. Tolkien – The Lord Of The Rings & The Hobbit|website=[http://www.discogs.com Discogs.com]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:The goal of this game is to plunder the treasuries of Smaug's Lair in the Lonely Mountain. While the computer is loading the game it shows a picture of Smaug with the Lonely Mountain on the background.<ref name="Newspaper">{{webcite|author=Phil Garratt|articleurl=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg|articlename=Software Review: The Hobbit|website=[http://www.worldofspectrum.org WorldOfSpectrum.com]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

'''1988: [[Creatures of Middle-earth|''Creatures of Middle-earth'' (1st edition)]]:'''
:In this supplement to the 1st edition of ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'', Smaug is put forward as a potential enemy should the gamesmaster wish to include the dragon in his or her story. Another dragon, Utumkodur, is described as Smaug's elder sister. <ref>Ruth Sochard Pitt, Jeff O'Hare, [[Pete Fenlon|Peter C. Fenlon, Jr.]], ''[[Creatures of Middle-earth]]'', 1st edn, pp. 51-52</ref>

'''1994: [[Creatures of Middle-earth (2nd edition)|''Creatures of Middle-earth'' (2nd edition)]]:'''
:In this supplement to the 2nd edition of ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'', Smaug is described in some detail and given a brief history before his coming to Erebor. Smaug survived the destruction of [[Angband]] at the end of the [[First Age]] and settled at Anvilmount in the [[Grey Mountains]]. Here he found and defiled a First Age Adan holy place, destroying tombs and stealing a modest amount of treasure. Smaug was upset by his lack of wealth. Therefore when he heard the tale of the Dwarves of Erebor he knew that the great treasure should be his. ''Creatures of Middle-earth'' also describes Smaug as being the son of [[Ancalagon]], being one of a number of siblings including Throkmaw, Ruingurth, and Utumkodur.<ref>Ruth Sochard Pitt, Jeff O'Hare, [[Peter C. Fenlon, Jr.]], ''[[Creatures of Middle-earth (2nd edition)|Creatures of Middle-earth]]'', 2nd edn, pp. 112-115</ref>

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Smaug was voiced by [[James Horan]].

'''2012-3: [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]:'''
:Smaug will be a [[wikipedia:Computer-generated imagery|CGI]]-motion capture creature produced by [[Weta Digital]]. It was announced on the [[16 June]] [[2011]] that Smaug will be voiced by [[Benedict Cumberbatch]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150286515141558|articlename=The Hobbit Casting Update|dated=19-June-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Smaug|Images of Smaug]]
* "[[The Quest of Erebor]]", a chapter of ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' which provides more background information
* [[Chrysophylax]], the dragon in ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]''

{{references}}{{dragons}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Dragons]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Germanic names]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[de:Smaug]]
[[fa:اسماگ]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/animaux/dragons/smaug]]
[[fi:Smaug]]

File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Bilbo Baggins.png

2012-02-02T08:29:56Z

Icarus: Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film) Category:Images of Bilbo Baggins

[[Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)]]
[[Category:Images of Bilbo Baggins]]

Bilbo Baggins

2012-02-02T08:28:57Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

{{sources}}
{{disambig-two|Bilbo Baggins|tenth child and fifth son of [[Samwise Gamgee]]|[[Bilbo Gardner]]}}
{{Hobbit
| image = [[File:J.R.R._Tolkien_-_Bilbo_Baggins_(colour).jpg|250px]]
| name = Bilbo Baggins
| othernames =
| birth = [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|2890}}
| death = Sailed [[Aman|West]] [[29 September|September 29]], {{TA|3021}}
| parentage= [[Bungo Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]]
| location = [[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]], [[Rivendell]], [[Valinor]]
| race = [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| gender = Male
| height = Between 3' and 3'6"
| hair = Brown, later White
| eyes =
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a Hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a hobbit-hole and that means comfort.|[[The Hobbit]], "[[An Unexpected Party]]"}}

'''Bilbo Baggins''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who lived in [[The Shire]] during the final years of the [[Third Age]]. His adventure with the dwarves [[Thorin|Thorin]] and company earned him a fortune, and brought [[the One Ring]] of [[Sauron]] back into knowledge. Bilbo was noteworthy as the first [[ring-bearer]] in the history of [[Middle-earth]] to give up [[the One Ring]] voluntarily; he surrendered the ring to [[Frodo Baggins]] at [[Gandalf]]'s request.

== History ==
===Early Life and Adventures===
Bilbo Baggins was born on [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|2890|n}} of the [[Third Age]], the son of [[Bungo Baggins|Bungo]] [[Baggins Family|Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]]. To the eyes of his neighbors, he seemed just like his father - a solid, sensible, unadventurous and respectable hobbit. In {{TA|2941}}, he reluctantly joined [[Gandalf]], [[Thorin]] and his twelve [[Dwarves]] on the [[Quest of Erebor|quest]] to reclaim the [[Lonely Mountain]] (and its sizeable hoard) from the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]]. Gandalf had convinced Thorin that Bilbo was the right hobbit to be a burglar for them, despite Bilbo's feeble objections. Thus the hobbit became part of the [[Thorin and Company|company]].

[[Image:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Expulsion'' by [[Donato Giancola]].]]Bilbo, out the door early without a pocket handkerchief, aroused doubts in his dwarvish comrades when they fell in with some [[trolls]]. Bilbo was sent to check them out, and only got captured. He escaped the trolls but was helpless to prevent all the dwarves from being captured. Gandalf, however, came in the nick of time and saved them all with his voice imitations. Upon the discovery of the troll-cave and the swords of Gondolin, Bilbo discovered [[Sting|a small blade]] and bore it with him ever after.

Eventually they came to [[Rivendell]], where Bilbo was enchanted with the [[Elves]]. After their stay there, the company entered the [[Misty Mountains]]. Bilbo and the dwarves were captured by [[Orcs|goblins]], but saved by Gandalf once more. However Bilbo, carried by [[Dori]], was dropped in the escape. Wandering in the dark passages, he picked up a strange [[The One Ring|golden ring]], and came to the lake of [[Gollum]]. Gollum, desiring to eat the hobbit but not willing to face his blade, engaged in a riddle contest. If Bilbo won, according to the predetermined rules, Gollum would lead him to safety. If Gollum won, however, Bilbo would submit to be eaten.

[[Image:Michael Hague - Riddles in the Dark.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Riddles in the Dark'' by [[Michael Hague]].]]Bilbo won the contest by accident, wondering outloud as he fingered the ring he had picked up, "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum mistook this for a question, and Bilbo decided to stick to it. Gollum lost, but went back to his little island to take the ring Bilbo had picked up (as it was a magic ring) to turn himself invisible and kill the hobbit anyway. But of course the ring was not there, and Gollum, enraged, suddenly guessed that Bilbo had it. He chased Bilbo, but Bilbo unwittingly used the ring and escaped his notice. Gollum led Bilbo to the eastern door of the goblin-tunnels, through which Bilbo departed in safety and rejoined his fellow adventurers. But he said nothing of the ring.

===Across Rhovanion===
The company had not journeyed long when they were chased and [[wargs]] and forced to climb a group of trees. Gandalf kept them at bay with pyrotechnical pinecones, but eventually goblins came and set the trees to fire. Even Gandalf had begun to despair, but the [[Eagles]] of [[Gwaihir]] came to rescue them, bringing them first to the eyry, then to the [[Carrock]]. Bilbo did not enjoy his experience of being carried by his rescuers, apparently suffering from a fear of heights.

From the Carrock they came to [[Beorn]]'s [[Beorn's Hall|Hall]]. Gandalf took only Bilbo at first, but with his story introduced the dwarves in pairs, convincing Beorn to house them for a time. Eventually, Beorn even gave them mounts and set them on their way to [[Mirkwood]]. Bilbo alone (save for perhaps Gandalf) noticed that Beorn still followed them in bear-form. Gandalf turned back at the edge of Mirkwood, and left them to brave the perils on their own.

Bilbo "helped" the dwarves by climbing a tree midway through the wood, and declaring he could see only trees, not realizing they were at the bottom of a bowl formation. Later, when the dwarves were taken by [[spiders]], Bilbo rescued them with his ring and little blade, which he named ''[[Sting]]'' after its first kill. Calling the spiders names, he lured them away and came back around to help with the battle between the dwarves and spiders. Eventually, the company won with no serious injuries, but was later captured when intruding on the feasts of [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]]. Bilbo, with his ring, escaped notice and thus capture. He followed the elves into the [[Halls of Thranduil]], where the dwarves refused to tell their errand to [[Thranduil]] King and were locked up. Later, getting used to the elven halls and with the aid of his magic ring, he devised a plan for the dwarves to escape. It worked, with the dwarves being packed away in barrels and launched into the [[Forest River]]. Poor Bilbo was forced to cling to the barrels, invisible, and grew cold and wet. Upon reaching [[Lake-town]], he had an awful cold, despite the feigned hospitality of the [[Master of Lake-town]] and the people of that town.

===Encounter with the Dragon===
On their way again, the party came to the [[Lonely Mountain]], where they followed the instructions of the map to find the [[Back Door|secret entrance]]. Bilbo, and the dwarves, were unable to open it. Bilbo sat days on the [[doorstep]], thinking, and before long autumn waned. Soon the dwarves began to grumble against the hobbit, but Bilbo finally solved the riddle of the thrush knocking at the last light of Durin's Day. The dwarves found that he was right, and with the key managed to open the passage.

Bilbo was, of course, elected to enter the passage first, taking only [[Balin]] with him. Soon Balin halted, but Bilbo went on, finding Smaug's lair and stealing a single jewelled cup before returning. But he did ill in this, for when Smaug awoke he ravaged the mountain. Despite their grumbling, the dwarves had begun to rely on Bilbo's advice for their course of action, and agreed to wait. Bilbo soon decided, however, to return and try and find a weakness in Smaug. Slipping on his ring, he approached the dragon's hoard.

Gandalf had indeed done well in choosing Bilbo, for the old worm did not recognize Bilbo's scent, and was puzzled. Nevertheless he sensed the hobbit's presence, and challenged him. Bilbo riddled with him about his own identity and flattered the dragon. This confrontation did not last especially long, for Bilbo tricked Smaug into showing his underside. Bilbo then saw the gap in the dragon's hard scales, an unprotected place. Bilbo, upon seeing this, cracked a joke and hastily departed, and for this was nearly burned to death. All the same, he escaped and recovered, and told the dwarves what he had learned. This indirectly aided the company, for a [[thrush]] overheard, and this would prove beneficial in the end.

===Death of Smaug===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Scouring the Mountain.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Scouring the Mountain'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]As darkness came, Bilbo urged the dwarves to close the door for fear of Smaug's vengeance. Reluctantly, and at last, they gave in. Just as the door closed, Smaug ravaged the side of the mountain, blocking up the door and destroying the doorstep. Then Smaug went on to wreck his vengeance on Laketown. There, armed with the knowledge given him by the Thrush who overheard Bilbo telling about the unprotected patch of Smaug's skin, [[Bard]] the bowman of the heirs of [[Dale]] shot Smaug dead. The people, no longer afraid, proclaimed him king of a restored [[Dale]]. Bard summoned [[Thranduil]] to help rebuild Laketown and Dale, in return for part of the treasure.

Meanwhile, in the Lonely Mountain, Bilbo and the dwarves decided to inspect the hoard while Smaug was away. During this time Bilbo stumbled across a gigantic and beautiful gem. Recalling an earlier conversation, Bilbo decided it was the famous [[Arkenstone]], but felt strangely reluctant to give it up. Instead, he put it in his pocket and continued on. After a song and gathering of treasure, the party eventually found the [[Front Gate]], and sheltered in a [[guardroom]]. Thorin gave Bilbo a beautiful [[Mithril#The Mithril Coat|coat]] of [[mithril]] as a first reward for his services.

At that time [[Roäc]] the raven came to them, and told of the death of Smaug. He counseled them to make peace with Bard and Thranduil, though it cost him dearly in gold. Thorin rejected this advice, and harshly responded to the polite words of Bard at his door. Bard's reasoning did little for the stubborn King under the Mountain. Bilbo feared war, and to prevent this gave the Arkenstone into the hands of [[Bard]] for negotiation. With the praise of Bard, Thranduil, and Gandalf he returned, only to be rejected and cast away for his deed by Thorin. But Bilbo was successful in that Thorin was willing to negotiate, and war was prevented temporarily.

===Battle and Return Journey===
And yet war did come. [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]], at the summons of Thorin, came from the [[Iron Hills]] with an army of dwarves. Bard refused to let the dwarves enter the mountain, which would mean a long and almost certainly unsuccessful siege. But just as battle was about to be joined, Gandalf called them all to be wary of the new coming danger - the alliance of [[Wargs]] and [[Orcs|Goblins]] against them. Dáin, Bard, and Thranduil took council together, and decided upon a strategy of defending the slopes of the Lonely Mountain. Then the enemy came. Thus was the [[Battle of Five Armies]] fought.

[[Image:Darrell Sweet - The Death of Thorin Oakenshield.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''The Death of Thorin'' by [[Darrell Sweet]].]]During the battle Bilbo stood with Thranduil and Gandalf on [[Ravenhill]]. As the battle went against the men, dwarves, and elves, Bilbo reflected gloomily on the ingloriousness of war and the bitterness of the end. But then the [[Eagles]] of [[Gwaihir]] came, and [[Beorn]] too, and the battle was won. But Bilbo did not see this result, for a falling stone knocked him out. Invisible as he was, his bruised body was not discovered until the next day. Bilbo then bade farewell to the mortally wounded Thorin and his other friends. Then, taking his share of the treasure, he returned with Gandalf to [[the Shire]]. There he discovered that he was believed dead, and an auction was going on of his house and possessions. He bought back his own things, and settled once more peacefully into [[Bag End]].

===The Years Between===
Bilbo lived on in health and comfort, high in the regard of those who knew him best, but considered somewhat of an oddity. He adopted his young cousin [[Frodo Baggins]] as his heir, and raised him in Bag End. Occasionally he received visitors; dwarves, Gandalf, or even elves from time to time. Most of his time was spent reading, writing his memoirs, writing poetry, and avoiding his nasty relatives the [[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville-Bagginses]].

His life was extended by the ring (actually [[the One Ring]] of ancient history), and yet as he lived on with no apparent sign of aging, he began to feel stretched and thin. At last, in September of [[Third Age 3001|3001]], Bilbo threw a [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|grand party]] for his 111th birthday (which happened to be shared with Frodo). During this party he did a vanishing act with his ring and left with three dwarves for [[Rivendell]], to live with [[Elrond]] and the elves there. He left all his possessions to Frodo, including, urged by Gandalf, the One Ring. He was the first ringbearer to so give up the object.

===End of the Third Age===

[[Image:Bilbo smoking a pipe.jpg|thumb|250px|Bilbo smoking a pipe in [[Peter Jackson]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.]]He lived a very pleasant life of retirement in Rivendell: eating, sleeping, writing poetry, and working on his memoir, ''[[There and Back Again]]'', known to us as ''[[The Hobbit]]''. He also wrote a book called ''[[Translations from the Elvish]]'', which formed the basis of what is known to us as ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

When Frodo came to Rivendell twelve years later, Bilbo attended the [[Council of Elrond]], offering to take the Ring to [[Mount Doom]]. Nevertheless this task fell to the younger Frodo, and in farewell Bilbo gave him [[Sting]] and his old mithril coat, both of which bore him well in the struggles to come.

The [[War of the Ring]] was fought far from where Bilbo dwelt, but successfully, and in the end Frodo returned home. Two years later, however, Bilbo as a former ringbearer accompanied Frodo Baggins, Gandalf, and certain Elves to the [[Grey Havens]], there to take ship for [[Valinor]] across the sea, on [[29 September|September 29]], [[Third Age 3021|3021]]. He had already celebrated his 131st birthday, becoming the oldest Hobbit in the history of Middle-earth. So he passed West to die in peace in Valinor.

The last writing of Bilbo appears in the form of the poem "''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]''." It is a poem Bilbo conceivably composed while sailing west, and looking back on Middle-earth in farewell. It was published after Tolkien's death.

==Names==
* Bilbo Baggins
* Burglar, from a note on Bilbo's door left by [[Gandalf]]<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref>
* Thief, from [[Gollum]] after Bilbo stole [[the One Ring]]. [[Smaug]] also gave the name to Bilbo after he stole a cup.<ref>{{H|Riddles}}</ref>
* Clue-finder, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug">{{H|Inside}}</ref>
* Web-cutter, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Stinging Fly, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Ringwinner, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Luckwearer, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Barrel-rider, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug, Smaug also later addressed Bilbo by this name.<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Mr. Lucky Number, a name given to Bilbo by Smaug.<ref name="Smaug"/>
* Child of the Kindly West, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]].<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>
* Bilbo the Magnificent, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thranduil]]<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>
* Elf-friend, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thranduil]]<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>
* Mad Baggins, a name first given to Bilbo by [[Rorimac Brandybuck]] after Bilbo disappeared suddenly from his Birthday Party.<ref>{{FR|I1}}</ref> It later became the name of a favourite character of legend who would vanish with a bang and a flash, only to reappear with bags of jewels and gold.<ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref>
* Ring-bearer, for his bearing of [[the One Ring]].
* Bilba Labingi, the original hobbit name for Bilbo.
==Etymology==
''Bilbo'' comes from the Spanish town Bilbao, meaning "beautiful ford".

==Genealogy==
{{Baggins}}

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
<gallery>
File:Bilbo Baggins - The Hobbit 1966.png|<center>''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]''</center>
Image:Bilbo Baggins from Rankin-Bass' The Hobbit.jpg|<center>''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]''</center>
Image:Ian Holm as Bilbo.jpg|<center>[[Ian Holm]] as Bilbo Baggins in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''</center>
Image:Bilbo viv lotr.JPG|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''</center>
Image:The Hobbit (2003) One Ring.JPG|<center>''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]''
Image:The Hobbit-An Unexpected Journey-Bilbo&Sting1.png|[[Martin Freeman]] as Bilbo Baggins in [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]].</center>
</gallery>
'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Felix Felton]].

'''1966: ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]'':'''
:Many characters are omitted, and Bilbo takes over the roles of several. He causes the "Growns" (substitutes for the trolls) to quarrel, and he kills the dragon [[Smaug|Slag]] with the Arkenstone. At the end, he marries the princess of Dale.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Bilbo is portrayed by [[Paul Daneman]], and several times, when he introduces himself, he spells out his last name ("B-A-GG-I-N-S").

'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]'':'''
:[[Orson Bean]] was the voice of Bilbo.

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:[[Norman Bird]] was the voice of Bilbo, and [[Billy Barty]] the body double.

'''1979: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|Mind's Eye's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Ray Reinhardt]].

'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|Mind's Eye's The Hobbit]]'':'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Ray Reinhardt]].

'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'':'''
:Orson Bean reprised his role as Bilbo. He lives in [[Rivendell]], and listens to the tale of Frodo of the Nine Fingers. Some archive footage from ''Rankin/Bass' The Hobbit'' is also shown at the start of the film.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Bilbo is portrayed by [[John Le Mesurier]].

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Bilbo is played by [[Ian Holm]], who also played [[Frodo Baggins]] in the radio series 20 years earlier.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Bilbo has a short appearance in Rivendell, after the [[Council of Elrond]]. He is voiced by [[Jim Piddock]].

'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]'':'''
:[[Michael Beattie]] provides the voice of a young, redheaded Bilbo.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Bilbo is a non-playable character, who resides at the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]] in [[Rivendell]]. The player can find him at the [[Hall of Fire]].

'''2012-3: [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]:'''
:[[Ian Holm]] will reprise his role as an older Bilbo.<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557|articlename=One comment that...|dated=22-April-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> Whilst the younger Bilbo will be portrayed by [[Martin Freeman]].<ref name="PJCasting2">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Bilbo Baggins|Images of Bilbo Baggins]]

{{references}}

{{sequence
|prev=[[Gollum]]
|next=[[Frodo Baggins]]
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] [[Third Age 2941|T.A. 2941]] - [[22 September|September 22]] [[Third Age 3001|3001]]}}

{{Thorin and Company}}

[[Category:Baggins]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]

[[de:Bilbo Beutlin]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:sacquet:bilbo_sacquet]]
[[fi:Bilbo Reppuli]]

File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Thorin.png

2012-02-02T08:27:27Z

Icarus:

[[Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)]]
[[Category:Images of Thorin]]

File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Gandalf.png

2012-02-02T08:25:04Z

Icarus: Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film) Category:Images of Gandalf

[[Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)]]
[[Category:Images of Gandalf]]

Gandalf

2012-02-02T08:24:26Z

Icarus: /* Portrayals in Adaptations */

{{Countdown}}
{{disambig-more|Gandalf|[[Gandalf (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Istari infobox
| image=[[Image:Roger Thomasson - Gandalf.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gandalf
| othernames=The Grey, The White, [[Gandalf/Names#Olórin|Olórin]], [[Gandalf/Names#Mithrandir|Mithrandir]], [[Gandalf/Names#Incánus|Incánus]], [[Gandalf/Names#Tharkûn|Tharkûn]], [[Gandalf/Names#The White Rider|The White Rider]], [[Gandalf/Names#Greyhame|Gandalf Greyhame]], [[Gandalf/Names#Stormcrow|Stormcrow]], [[Gandalf#Etymology|Wand-elf]], [[Gandalf/Names#Láthspell|Láthspell]]
| coming=[[Third Age 1000|T.A. 1000]]<ref name="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref>
| duty=[[Istari]]
| death=Died/Reborn [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]], sailed back to [[Aman]] [[Third Age 3021|T.A. 3021]]
| gender=Male
| robes=Grey, later White
| hair=Grey
| appearance=Bent old man (approx 5'6")<ref name="MB">{{HM|MB}}, page 49</ref> with long beard and eyebrows<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>|}}{{Pronounce|Gandalf.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{Pronounce|Quenya - Olórin.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
{{quote|Gandalf was shorter in stature than the [[Elrond|other]] [[Glorfindel|two]]; but his long white hair, his sweeping silver beard, and his broad shoulders, made him look like some wise king of ancient legend. In his aged face under great snowy brows his eyes were set like coals that could suddenly burst into fire.|"[[Many Meetings]]"<ref name="Meetings"/>}}

'''Gandalf''' was one of the five [[Istari]] sent to [[Middle-earth]] by the [[Valar]] in the [[Third Age]]. In [[Valinor]] he was known as Olórin. Gandalf was instrumental in bringing about the demise of [[Sauron]] in [[Third Age 3019|3019]], chiefly by encouraging others and dispensing his wisdom at pivotal times. Gandalf was originally robed in grey, and second to [[Saruman]] in the Order of [[wizards]]. After his fall in Moria, Gandalf returned to Middle-earth as head of the Order, robed in white. Gandalf was noteworthy for his keen interest in [[Hobbits]].

==History==
===Coming to Middle-earth===

Olórin was a [[Maiar|Maia]] who dwelt in the [[Lórien in Valinor|gardens]] of [[Irmo]] in Valinor.<ref>{{S|Vala}}</ref> As a pupil of [[Nienna]], Olórin was said to be the wisest of the Maiar; he learned pity and patience from his teacher. When the Valar chose five emissaries, the [[Istari]], from among the Maiar to go to [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Third Age]], [[Manwë]] selected Olórin.<ref name="Istari"/> The other four were Saruman, [[Radagast]], [[Pallando]], and [[Alatar]]. These messengers were to assist the free peoples in opposing [[Sauron]], who still existed as a 'dark spirit of malice' despite his body's destruction in the downfall of [[Númenor]]. Furthermore, [[the One Ring]], the location of much of Sauron's power, presumably still existed somewhere in Middle-earth. Olórin submitted to the will of Manwë, and departed Valinor to [[Mithlond]] in the year T.A. 1000.<ref name="Istari"/> He arrived after the others at about the same time the [[Necromancer]] appeared in [[Mirkwood]].

At Mithlond he was welcomed by [[Glorfindel]], his friend from Valinor, sent earlier on a similar mission, and [[Círdan]] the shipwright, who possessed [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings|Three Elven Rings]] of power. Círdan divined in Olórin a sense of strength and power despite his appearance as a bent and aged old man. Círdan gave Narya to Olórin, with a prediction of his future struggles with evil, and a promise that it would support and aid him in his labors. Then Círdan said "''But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the last ship sails. I will await you.''"<ref name="ThirdAge">{{App|B2}}</ref>

Olórin then began his sojourn in Middle-earth. He was known by many names during the long years he remained in Middle-earth: Elves named him ''[[Gandalf/Names#Mithrandir|Mithrandir'', the Grey Pilgrim, while the men of [[Arnor]] named him Gandalf, which became his most common name. He was also known as ''[[Gandalf/Names#Incánus|Incánus]]'' (in the south), and ''[[Gandalf/Names#Tharkûn|Tharkûn]]'' to the [[Dwarves]].<ref name="Istari"/>

[[Image:John Howe - Gandalf the Grey.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''Gandalf the Grey'' by [[John Howe]]]]Gandalf, like the other Wizards, took the shape of an old man. He was robed in gray and went about as a wanderer and counselor. Unlike Saruman, Gandalf did not go east and did not take up a single permanent residence. Gandalf apparently restricted his activities to the North-west of Middle-earth, where the remnants of the [[Dúnedain]] and the [[Eldar]] remained to oppose Sauron.

===Early Vigilance===

Around [[Third Age 1100|1100]],<ref name="ThirdAge"/> the Istari and the Eldar discovered that some evil entity resided at [[Dol Guldur]] in Mirkwood. Dark shapes moved in the forest and evil began to multiply in the woods. Some thought a [[Nazgûl]] had returned to torment the world, or some new evil was arising. Gandalf was unsure, and feared that perhaps Sauron himself might have returned.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

Over the next two hundred years the evil continued to grow, as well as the source directing it. [[Orcs]] were multiplying in the [[Misty Mountains]] and elsewhere. The [[Witch-king]], the mightiest of the Nazgûl, had built a fortress in [[Angmar]] in the Northern wastelands and waged unending war against the Kingdom of Arnor. Meanwhile [[Moria]] and [[Minas Ithil]] fell under a shadow, while other wars, plagues, and catastrophes occurred across Middle-earth. Gandalf went to Dol Guldur in [[Third Age 2063|2063]] to discover its secret.<ref name="ThirdAge"/> An entity known only as the '[[Necromancer]]' fled before him and Gandalf could not discover his identity.<ref name="Rings"/> Afterwards, the evil there seemed to desist, and the era of the [[Watchful Peace]] began.

This peace lasted for almost four hundred years, but the Necromancer again returned to Dol Guldur in [[Third Age 2460|2460]].<ref name="ThirdAge"/> In response, the Wise formed the [[White Council]] three years later. Though [[Galadriel]], bearer of one of the Three Elven Rings and mighty among the Eldar, wished Gandalf to be the chief of the Council, it was in the end Saruman who took this place-- because of his vast knowledge, but also because Gandalf refused this position, wishing to set down no roots and to maintain his independence.<ref name="Rings"/>

[[Image:John Howe - Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur'' by [[John Howe]]]]In [[Third Age 2850|2850]], Gandalf again entered Dol Guldur, this time in secrecy.<ref name="ThirdAge"/> There he found out many things. First and foremost, the Necromancer was no Nazgûl – it was Sauron himself. Also, Gandalf found [[Thráin II|Thráin]], a dwarf of the royal line of [[Erebor]], in the dungeons. The last of the [[Seven Rings]] of the Dwarves had been taken from him; Sauron was gathering the remaining [[Rings of Power]] and possibly searching for his lost One Ring.

Gandalf escaped Dol Guldur and returned to the White Council.<ref name="Rings"/> After relating his discoveries, he urged the council to attack Sauron while the One Ring was still lost and Sauron's power immature. But Saruman said that it was better to watch and wait; that the One Ring had long ago rolled from [[Anduin]] to the Sea. The majority of the council agreed with Saruman. [[Elrond]] Half-elven, a powerful member of the council, later privately told Gandalf he had a foreboding that the Ring would be found, and that the war to end the age was coming. Indeed, he added, he feared that it would end in darkness and despair. Gandalf encouraged him, saying there were many "strange chances," and that, "''help oft shall come from the hands of the weak''". Gandalf did not yet realize that Saruman now wanted the ring for himself and was secretly searching for it along the banks of river Anduin.

===The Quest for Erebor===

In [[Third Age 2941|2941]],<ref name="ThirdAge"/> Gandalf happened across the dwarf lord [[Thorin]] while staying the night in [[Bree]].<ref name="Erebor">{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Thorin initiated conversation; he had been having a strange feeling urging him to seek Gandalf. Gandalf was intrigued, for he had thought to seek Thorin as well. They found they were taking the same road for a while (Thorin passing through the Shire on his way to the [[Ered Luin]]), and they agreed to travel together. Thorin wanted advice, and Gandalf wanted to discuss the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]] with Thorin.

Ultimately, Gandalf concocted a plan wherein Thorin could destroy Smaug and recover his family fortune, albeit with a "burglar" of Gandalf's own choosing. Gandalf had a feeling that a Hobbit should be involved, and he remembered an adventuresome Hobbit named [[Bilbo Baggins]] he had met some years before. By this time, however, Bilbo was far from "adventuresome".<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> In the end Gandalf convinced the reluctant Baggins to become a burglar for Thorin. Gandalf then accompanied [[Thorin and Company]] to [[Rivendell]]. During the journey Gandalf obtained a sword known as [[Glamdring]] from a [[troll]]-hoard; Gandalf bore it for the rest of his life.<ref name="Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref>

Gandalf helped Thorin and Company through the [[Misty Mountains]], saving them several times from orcs and other calamities. It was during this time that Bilbo obtained a "magic ring".<ref name="Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> Bilbo initially claimed he "won" it from the creature "[[Gollum]]" while the company was under the Misty Mountains.<ref name="Pan">{{H|Pan}}</ref> The ring conferred invisibility on Bilbo when he wore it, and he kept it secret from Gandalf for some time. Gandalf, for his part, found himself amazed by the hobbit; until then the wise had paid no attention to hobbits and knew little of them. For the rest of his sojourn in Middle-earth, Gandalf took a special interest in hobbits, and particularly in the Baggins family.

Gandalf left the quest prior to its completion, yet the quest was successful: Smaug was killed,<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref> and the Orcs and [[Wargs]] of the [[Misty Mountains]] were defeated by an alliance of the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], the men of Dale, and the [[Nandor]] Elves of Mirkwood in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> Gandalf had accomplished his immediate goal, which was to destroy Smaug, who could have been used to disastrous effect by Sauron. A large number of Orcs and Wargs also were killed in the North, removing threats to Rivendell and Lothlórien.<ref name="Erebor"/>

===The War of the Ring===
====The Return of the Shadow====

Gandalf had left Thorin and Company before reaching the edge of [[Mirkwood]] to attend a White Council meeting in the South. The Council was meeting under the gravest of circumstances: Sauron's vast power was returning, even without his ring. Gandalf at last convinced the Council to attack Dol Guldur. Even Saruman was willing by this time, for now he feared Sauron as a rival, and wished to delay Sauron's search for the Ring. The Council put forth its strength and drove Sauron from Mirkwood.

Despite the Council's hopes, Sauron was not weakened by this attack. He had foreseen the move that drove him from Mirkwood, and his retreat was but a feint. Ten years after he was driven out of Mirkwood, Sauron declared himself openly in Mordor in 2951 and rebuilt the [[Barad-dûr]]. Sauron then began reassembling his forces for the final blow against the hated remnants of Númenor and the Eldar still in Middle-earth. Sauron ordered armies of [[Easterlings]] from Khand and beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]] to reinforce his stronghold in [[Mordor]]; they were further reinforced by armies of men from South Harad. Orcs, trolls, and other foul beasts were multiplying in Mordor; Sauron's minions also were searching the Anduin for any sign of his precious One Ring. Despite the terror they induced, in 3018 Sauron sent the Nazgûl north to search for his ring as well.

[[Image:Darrell Sweet - The Arrival of Gandalf.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''The Arrival of Gandalf'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]

During this period Gandalf visited the Shire frequently, especially his friend Bilbo Baggins, and Baggins's nephew, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. He noted Bilbo's unusual youthfulness, despite his advancing age; the suspicious "[[One Ring|magic ring]]" that Bilbo had acquired during his adventure began to weigh on his mind. Gandalf recalled the deceit Bilbo used in originally claiming it for his own-- Bilbo had later admitted to stealing it from [[Gollum]]. Gandalf could see that Bilbo was now very preoccupied with the ring. Such un-hobbitlike behaviour aroused his suspicions; he convinced Bilbo to pass the ring on to Frodo. He then emphatically warned Frodo not to use it; Gandalf had begun to suspect that the "magic ring" was indeed a ring of power.

Gandalf met [[Aragorn]], the hidden heir of Arnor, in [[Third Age 2956|2956]], and soon became friends with him. From that point on Aragorn and Gandalf often worked together towards a common end-- the defeat of Sauron.
Keen now to find out more about Gollum, he went to Aragorn, and with his help captured Gollum. With Gollum's tale, and the records in [[Minas Tirith]], he pieced together the missing history of the One Ring in [[Third Age 3017|3017]]. A great fear came over him when he learned that Gollum had been to the Barad-dûr. Sauron had tortured Gollum and learned not only of the "magic ring", but also the names "Shire" and "Baggins". Gandalf now returned in haste to the Shire, certain that Frodo's ring was not simply a ring of power: it was the One Ruling Ring of Sauron.

====The Treachery of Saruman====

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Gandalf Escapes Upon Gwaihir.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Gandalf escapes upon Gwaihir'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]After Gandalf’s fears were confirmed, he returned to the Shire and advised Frodo to leave as soon as possible, promising to return before a farewell party for Bilbo in autumn of that year ([[Third Age 3018|3018]]), and to escort him to Rivendell. Gandalf also told Frodo about the creature Gollum, to which Frodo exclaimed that he should have been killed. Gandalf speculated that perhaps Gollum would have a part to play before the end, and in any case, it was not for them to decide who should live and who should die. He then set out to seek the advice of Saruman, supposedly still the head of the order.

Hearing disturbing news from [[Radagast]], he gave [[Barliman Butterbur]] a letter for Frodo (which was never delivered) urging him to act without hesitation. Soon thereafter he arrived at Isengard. At their meeting, Saruman at last revealed his desire for the One Ring. He offered to his "''old friend and helper''" that they take the Ring for themselves and seize power from Sauron. Gandalf rejected this with horror, and was imprisoned by Saruman on the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]]. [[Gwaihir]], chief of the Eagles, soon arrived and helped Gandalf escape. Gandalf knew he must return quickly to the Shire, as Frodo (and the ring) were in grave danger from both Sauron's Nazgûl and now Saruman's treacherous desire for the ring.

Gandalf hurriedly went to [[Rohan]], desiring to find a strong steed; there he obtained [[Shadowfax]] from King [[Théoden]], who later resented the gift. This lord of horses and Gandalf forged a special bond, and Gandalf made quick use of Shadowfax's incredible strength and endurance.

Gandalf sped to the Shire. Fortunately, Frodo had already left the Shire without waiting for Gandalf, and was seeking the refuge of [[Rivendell]]. Upon arrival Gandalf learned that the Nazgûl, arrayed as [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]], had been searching the area. Dismayed, he set out for Bree, but fortunately found there that Frodo had recently left the town with "Strider", the local name for Aragorn: a hope which far exceeded his expectations. Gandalf then made for [[Weathertop]], a high point in the region, to observe the surrounding area. There he was assaulted at night by the Nazgûl, but drove them off after a great battle of light and flame. He then went directly to Rivendell, where he welcomed Glorfindel, Aragorn and the hobbits upon their arrival several days later, Frodo being sorely wounded but still in possession of the ring.

====The Fellowship of the Ring====

Elrond called a [[Council of Elrond|council]] after Frodo was healed to consider the momentous decision regarding the ring. By chance, representatives of most of the free peoples happened to be in Rivendell already for various reasons. Elrond and Gandalf advised that the Ring should be destroyed in the fires of [[Orodruin]], where it was made. Others dissented or objected, but eventually submitted to Gandalf's plan. Ultimately, Elrond appointed the Fellowship of the Ring as nine walkers, numerically set against Sauron's nine Nazgûl. The relatively small number reflected the realization by Elrond and the other council members that the quest of Mount Doom would not rely upon strength of arms, but on stealth and good fortune. Gandalf was chosen to lead the company, which included [[Aragorn]], [[Boromir]], [[Legolas]] the Elf, [[Gimli]] the Dwarf, and the hobbits Frodo Baggins, [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Peregrin Took]], and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]].

Several obstacles stood in the company's way. The vast [[Misty Mountains]] had to be crossed, for Gandalf was determined not to lead the company near [[Isengard]]. Gandalf decided to take a southern route to the [[Redhorn Pass]] and there to cross the [[Misty Mountains]] near [[Caradhras]], thereby traversing the mountain range and avoiding Isengard. When this attempt failed due to a terrible storm he then decided to take the Fellowship through the ruins of Moria, where the remains of the great Dwarf city of [[Khazad-dûm]] was now a labyrinth of tunnels under the mountains. Others in the company were loathe enter the maze, as it was now the lair of orcs and something known only as "Durin's Bane".

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - At the Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''At the Bridge'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]At the [[Doors of Durin]] on the west side of the mountains, Gandalf, after some delay, spoke the password and led the company into the dark. Having been in Moria on an earlier perilous errand, he was somewhat familiar with the underground passages. Eventually the party came to the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]], where Gandalf read the [[Book of Mazarbul|Book of Records]], which revealed the fate of [[Balin]], the leader of an ill-fated attempt to re-colonize Moria. Soon after, the party was attacked by orcs, and forced to flee the chamber. By then Gandalf was well aware of their location, and he led the party quickly towards the eastern exit.

Unfortunately [[Durin's Bane]] caught up to the group at the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. Gandalf and Legolas immediately realized what it was: a [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Morgoth]], a servant of the first dark lord. In a spectacular display of bravery Gandalf faced the demon and broke the bridge both stood upon, leaving the beast to fall into a seemingly bottomless chasm. But the Balrog's whip lashed out and grasped Gandalf by the ankle, pulling him down. Clinging to the edge of the passageway, Gandalf shouted "Fly, you fools" and vanished into the abyss.<ref name=bridge>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

[[Image:John Howe - Zirak-zigil.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Zirak-zigil'' by [[John Howe]]]]Yet Gandalf did not die; he and the Balrog fought long in the bowels and deep places of Arda. Gandalf finally pursued the beast up the [[Endless Stair]] to the peak of [[Celebdil]], where he [[Battle of the Peak|fought the demon]] for two days and nights. The Balrog had burst into flame anew when it exited the stairs; ice, wind, and smoke swirled about them as they dueled. Gandalf used his last measure of strength to slay the Balrog, throwing him down the mountainside in ruin. Gandalf's spirit then left his body, having sacrificed himself to save the Fellowship.

====Gandalf the White====
But Gandalf's spirit did not depart Middle-earth forever at this time. As the only one of the five Istari to stay true to his errand, Olórin/Gandalf was sent back to mortal lands by [[Ilúvatar|Eru]], and he became Gandalf once again. Yet, as he was now the sole emissary of the Valar to Middle-earth, he was granted the power to "reveal" more of his inner [[Maiar]] strength. This naked power that lay within him was seldom used during the remainder of his time in Middle-earth, as his mission was essentially the same: to support and succor those who opposed Sauron. Nevertheless, when Gandalf's wrath was kindled his "unveiled" strength was such that few of Sauron's servants could withstand him.

As he lay naked on the mountaintop, the great eagle [[Gwaihir]] came up and bore him to [[Lothlórien]], where he was clothed and replenished, and given a new staff by [[Galadriel]]. Gandalf soon learned that Frodo and Sam had left the Fellowship and were attempting the quest of Mount Doom alone. As Frodo was beyond his assistance now, Gandalf promptly went south to [[Fangorn Forest]], where he met the [[Three Hunters]]: [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]], and [[Gimli]], and gave them messages from Galadriel. Then he called forth [[Shadowfax]], and rode with them to [[Edoras]]. There he found that Saruman's spy [[Gríma Wormtongue]] had deceived King [[Théoden]] into hopeless impotence. Gandalf quickly deposed Wormtongue and encouraged Théoden to ride west to war against [[Saruman]]. Gandalf by now was keenly aware that the great war to end the age was beginning; if Saruman conquered Rohan then Gondor would be alone with enemies on all sides.

At Gandalf's encouragement King Théoden went west to Helm's Deep where he was quickly besieged; Gandalf then searched for [[Erkenbrand]] and the forces of the [[Westfold]], which he later found and led to the Deep, thus breaking the siege. Meanwhile, the [[Ents]] (along with the hobbits Merry and Pippin) moved against Saruman and sent [[Huorns]] against the orcs, resulting in the utter ruin of the outer walls of [[Isengard]] and the complete annihilation of Saruman's orcs. After the battle, Gandalf went to [[Orthanc]] with Théoden, Aragorn, and a small group. There Saruman rejected Gandalf's offer of forgiveness with contempt. Gandalf then broke Saruman's staff and cast him from the Order and the Council. Gandalf imposed a strict watch on Isengard by the Ents and then advised King Théoden to ride to Gondor's defense as soon as possible. The wizard's mind had already turned to Gondor and the coming climactic battle in the east.

====The Siege of Minas Tirith====
[[Image:Donato Giancola - The White Rider.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|''The White Rider'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]] As a 'reward' for Pippin, who had foolishly gazed into a [[palantír]], Gandalf took the hobbit with him to [[Minas Tirith]], the last bastion of the west. Soon after arriving, Gandalf confronted [[Denethor II]], the [[Ruling Steward]], and learned that he was near despair over the death of his eldest son, [[Boromir]]. Ostensibly they were allies, but the Steward treated him with disrespect and suspicion. When [[Faramir]], the Steward's younger son, returned from [[Osgiliath]] and was attacked by Nazgûl, Gandalf upon Shadowfax drove them away by revealing the power within him; later Faramir told him that Frodo and Sam were still alive and headed towards Mordor.

The city was soon besieged by a vast force from Mordor, led by the [[Witch-king]]. An ill-advised counter attack resulted in Faramir receiving a wound from a poisoned dart; he lay near death inside the Tower. Still, Gandalf encouraged the men of Minas Tirith to have hope, and dispelled the fear of the Ringwraiths by his very presence. But Sauron's catapults hurled flaming bolts upon the city; soon the first circle of the city burned unchecked. Denethor now lost all heart as the city burned and his only remaining son hovered near death; he abandoned his leadership of the city. Gandalf then took it upon himself to direct the defense of the city. When the gigantic ram [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] destroyed the ancient entrance to the city, Gandalf placed himself alone at the ruined gateway. The Witch-king then appeared in the midst of the blasted gate upon a black horse and threatened Gandalf with death; but Gandalf did not move — seated upon Shadowfax he defied the mightiest of Sauron's minions. However, the stand-off ended inconclusively, as the morning arrived along with the host of the Rohirrim. Hearing the horns of the Riders of Rohan, the Witch-king departed.

But Gandalf did not pursue his foe, for Pippin brought him news that Denethor was about to commit suicide in the high tower, burning himself and his son Faramir on a pyre like the heathen Kings of old. Gandalf rushed to stop this madness and was able to save Faramir, but not Denethor, whose despair and grief had overcome his mind. Gandalf also learned how it was that Denethor's will had been broken: Denethor clutched a palantír in his hands as he burned. Clearly Denethor had been using the stone's special properties for some time — extending his vision far beyond those of mannish eyes, but also wrestling in thought with Sauron. And even though Sauron could not completely overwhelm Denethor's mind, his courage was daunted by knowledge of the vast might of Mordor. Thus the shadow entered into the capital of Gondor.

Nevertheless, and against all hope, the siege was broken. [[Éowyn]] of Rohan and the hobbit Merry defeated the Witch-king, whose last wail was heard by many as he was reduced to impotence. Soon after, Lord Aragorn arrived with a large valour of men from the southern fiefs upon a captured pirate fleet from Umbar. The forces of the men of the west then utterly defeated Sauron's attack against Minas Tirith, relieving the city and killing virtually all of the invaders. Gandalf's carefully laid plans and words of wisdom, along with acts of heroism not seen since the elder days, had defeated Sauron's first move.

====The Last Battle====
But the attack against Minas Tirith was only a part of Sauron's plan to devastate the west and make himself the ruler of Middle-earth. Other armies moved in the north against [[Erebor]] and the Kingdom of Thranduil, as well as against Lothlórien and other points along the [[Anduin]]. Still commanding vast armies of orcs and men, the Dark Lord soon would move against Gondor again; the remnants of the Edain and their allies had little hope against his almost limitless resources.

In Minas Tirith, Gandalf was selected by Aragorn, Imrahil, and Éomer (the remaining lords of the west) to be their leader in the coming final battles. This would be the culmination of Gandalf's efforts in Middle-earth. Fully aware that the west would stand or fall on the outcome of Frodo's mission, he advised the lords to drive north to the Morannon, thereby drawing Sauron's eye away from Frodo's likely location. This plan surely would result in a catastrophic loss for the outnumbered army, but it gave Frodo a chance to achieve the quest of Mount Doom.

Led by Gandalf and Aragorn, the army of the West crossed the Anduin and marched north, pausing occasionally to announce their coming and to dispatch small numbers of men to lesser tasks. Upon arriving at the Black Gate, the forces halted and prepared for battle. As they ordered their companies, the foul [[Mouth of Sauron]] rode forth to parley with them; he revealed Frodo's [[Mithril]]-coat and Arnor-blade "Sting" and implied that their owner was captured and tortured. The emissary of Sauron then proposed that the forces of the west surrender; Gandalf however was undaunted, and, seizing his friend's belongings, rejected Sauron's offer. In shock, the Mouth of Sauron turned back towards the Black Gate, which slowly opened to reveal a vast army of orcs and trolls advancing on the lords of the west. Sauron's trap was sprung.

Yet Sauron himself became the victim of Gandalf's trap. Unbeknownst to all, Frodo and Sam had succeeded in scaling Mount Doom and even as the Battle of Morannon began Frodo stood at the Crack of Doom. But the power and lure of the ring finally overcame his will and he placed the ring upon his finger, claiming it as his own. Immediately the Nazgûl were summoned by their lord, as he in terror realized his blunder: his enemies intended to destroy his ring.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Shadow of Sauron.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''The Shadow of Sauron'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]But Gandalf's foresight proved accurate again as the creature Gollum, who had been doggedly following the Ring-bearer, seized the ring from Frodo, and, while celebrating his reunion with "his precious," unwittingly fell into the fires of Orodruin. The ring was unmade as the fiery mountian erupted. The tower of [[Barad-dûr]] and the [[Towers of the Teeth]] began to collapse, their foundations crumbling, the Ring-wraiths burned out like shooting stars, and Sauron was reduced to a mere shadow of malice, never to torment the world again.

With Sauron gone, his forces scattered like frightened insects; the Men of the West now set upon them with fury. Gandalf announced the success of the [[Ring-bearer]] and the end of Sauron; the quest had been fulfilled. Seeing that victory was achieved, Gandalf then mounted on [[Gwaihir]] the Eagle for a third time, and set out to see if Frodo and Samwise had survived the tumults of [[Mount Doom]]. To his great relief, the two were found on the slopes of Orodruin, clinging to life amid the volcanic eruptions. The great quest was over.

===End of the Order===
In Minas Tirith, Gandalf and the remaining members of the Fellowship reunited. At the coronation of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]], Gandalf (at Aragorn’s request) set the crown upon the King’s head, and declared "''Now come the days of the King, and may they be blessed while the thrones of the [[Valar]] endure!''". Thus Gandalf ushered in the new age of men.

After the coronation and wedding of Aragorn to [[Arwen]], Gandalf left with the rest of the remaining Fellowship on the journey home. For Gandalf, it was his last long journey in Middle-earth. His errand to Arda had been fulfilled; Sauron had been defeated. He said farewell to his friends one by one until at last only the four Hobbits remained at his side. At the borders of the Shire he, too, turned away. He left the Hobbits to settle with the Shire, for the shattered pieces of evil still remaining in the world were no longer his concern, and went to talk to [[Tom Bombadil]].

[[Image:Danny Staten - Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Grey Havens'' by [[Danny Staten]]]]What Gandalf did during the next two years is unknown; it is possible that his "''long talk''" with Bombadil was just that. At any rate, on [[29 September|September 29]], [[Third Age 3021|3021]], he met [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] at [[Mithlond]], ready to take the [[White Ship]] over the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Aman]]. He wore [[Narya]] openly on his finger, and Shadowfax was beside him (perhaps even to take ship with him). His mission was over, and his homecoming after more than 2000 years was nigh. He bade farewell to [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] (the latter two of which he had forewarned of the passage), then mounted the Grey Ship beside Frodo, Elrond, and Galadriel. The ship passed west upon the sea, and then took the hidden straight path to [[Valinor]]: Gandalf became Olórin once more. There, presumably, he dwells still in the gardens of [[Irmo]]. Olórin, the wisest of the Maiar and the sole Istar to remain true to his mission, had successfully kindled the hearts of the free people in Middle-earth to overcome the evil of their time. In a large way, it was his victory.

==Personality==
[[File:Roger Garland - Gandalf.jpg|left|thumb|The Grey Pilgrim relaxing]]
Gandalf is often described in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' as quick to anger, and equally quick to laugh.<ref name="Lorien">{{FR|Lorien}}</ref>
His deep wisdom clearly derived from the patience he learned in Valinor, just as his care for all creatures of good will must have come from his strong sense of pity for the weak. Both his patience and sense of pity were revealed again and again, extending even to the servants of his enemies.

Keen observers of Gandalf often detected a veiled power, usually revealed in his eyes, which appeared deep and wise. He was alternately affectionate and brusque; he often surprised others with his bluntness when time was of the essence. Gandalf consistently upbraided foolish behavior, but also richly rewarded those who acted with good intentions.

Hobbits appealed to him more than to the other Wizards, and he went often to the Shire for respites from his errands. It may be that he was amused by their nature, as often described in ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It may also be because they were untouched by the great evils of the world, and were more in touch with nature than Men; perhaps their agrarian lifestyle appealed to Gandalf's innate spirit and reminded him of the gardens of Valinor.

==Appearance==
[[Image:John Howe - Gandalf.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Gandalf'' by [[John Howe]]]]

The first description of Gandalf is preserved in the initial pages of ''The Hobbit'', written in the early 1930s. Gandalf's fame is alluded to even before his physical description ("Tales and adventures sprouted up all over the place wherever he went, in the most extraordinary fashion"), while the protagonist's ("unsuspecting Bilbo") impression is that of:
<blockquote>
''...an old man with a staff. He had a tall pointed blue hat, a long grey cloak, a silver scarf over which a white beard hung down below his waist, and immense black boots.''<ref name="Party"/></blockquote>

Later, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] wrote:
<blockquote>
''...a figure strongly built and with broad shoulder, though shorter than the average of men and now stooped with age, leaning on a thick rough-cut staff as he trudged along... Gandalf's hat was wide-brimmed [...] with a pointed conical crown, and it was ''blue''; he wore a long ''grey'' cloak, but this would not reach much below his knees. It was of an elven silver-grey hue, though tarnished by wear - as is evident from the general use of grey in [[The Lord of the Rings|the book]]... But his colours were always white, silver-grey, and blue - except for the boots he wore when walking in the wild...Gandalf even bent must have been at least 5 ft. 6... Which would make him a short man even in modern England, especially with the reduction of a bent back.''<ref name="MB"/></blockquote>

Although some of the Wise know his true nature, his "wizard-like" appearance causes many to mistake him for a simple conjurer. After his return his "signature colour" changes from grey to white, for he has been sent back to replace the corrupt Saruman as the chief of the Wizards. In the book he claims that in some ways he now "was Saruman", or rather Saruman as he should have been.

[[Círdan]] the Shipwright seemed to have foreseen this, for he entrusted the care of [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves to Gandalf rather than Saruman.

== Powers and Abilities ==
Gandalf was servant of the [[Secret Fire]], wielder of the [[flame of Anor]]<ref name=bridge/> and bearer of [[Narya]].

demonstrated extensive knowledge of the land and an assortment of magical abilities from trivial to essential. For example he would use his powers for entertainment, by blowing glowing smoke rings that moved around a room at his direction, and [[Bilbo Baggins]] remembered him for his fantastic fireworks displays. More usefully, he created blinding flashes and other pyrotechnics to distract the [[Orcs|goblins]] of the [[Misty Mountains]], aiding the dwarves in their escape from [[Goblin-town]]. On the eastern slopes, he turned pine cones into flaming projectiles that threw hot sparks and started fires that would not easily go out. He was also able to come and go from the presence of [[Thorin and Company]] without anyone noticing.

He again displayed his proficiency with pyrotechnics at [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]]. More of his power is shown, when the Fellowship is attacked by [[Warg]]s in [[Hollin]]: Gandalf used words of power and the trees that were growing on the hillock where the company had camped burst into fire. He was also able to start fires under blizzard conditions, create light of varying intensity for the journey through [[Moria]], magically secure doors, and break the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. When angered or aroused for battle, he seemed to grow in height and assume a terrifying aspect. He also fought the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog of Moria]] and killed his opponent, although he did not survive the battle himself.

Sent back to [[Middle-earth]] as Gandalf the White, he possessed greater charisma and a limited degree of clairvoyance, although he was unable to peer into the land of [[Mordor]] to see the progress of Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. His power and authority had increased so that he could break [[Saruman]]'s staff with a spoken command, showing his authority to throw the treacherous wizard out of the order.

Most times Gandalf displayed his power, this had to do with fire. It is not known whether his possession of Narya, the Ring of Fire, had any merit to his abilities.<ref>FAQ of the Rings: [http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q3-Fireworks D6. ''Gandalf bore the Ring of Fire. Is that how he made his fireworks?'']</ref>

===Special Equipment===

It is unknown whether Gandalf required his staff to exercise certain powers. At times it appeared to focus or extend his powers, such as when it emanated light. Exactly how much it aided him in the use of magic is unknown, but [[Grima Wormtongue]] tried to forbid Gandalf from bringing it into [[Edoras]], clearly under the impression that without it Gandalf's power would be limited.

When he arrived in Middle-earth, Gandalf received the Elven ring [[Narya]] from [[Círdan]]. It is clear that Gandalf wore this ring from that time to the end of the Third Age but how he used its powers is not known.

In {{TA|2941}}, Gandalf acquired the Elven sword [[Glamdring]] from the treasure hoard of a band of trolls.<ref name="Mutton"/> He continued to wield this weapon throughout ''The Lord of the Rings'', in particular during his fight with the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] in Moria.

Throughout his time in Middle-earth Gandalf often was seen with a pipe, the use of which clearly brought him immense enjoyment.

==Names==
{{Main|Gandalf/Names}}

==Etymology==
Within the legendarium, ''Gandalf'' translates an unknown name of the meaning "Elf-of-the-wand (or cane/staff)", or more literary "Wand-elf", in old northern Mannish. Most denizens of Middle-earth incorrectly assumed Gandalf was a [[Men|Man]], although he was really a Maia spirit (approximately equivalent to an angel). However, a less common misconception that occurred during the beginning of his career in Middle-earth was that for someone to be [[immortal]] and use as much magic as he did, he must have been an Elf. Although it soon became apparent to all that he could not be an Elf, as he was old and Elves do not generally age, the nickname stuck with him. He later gave it as his name to others he met who did not know its original meaning.

==Other Versions of the [[Legendarium]]==

In early manuscripts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the name ''[[Bladorthin]]'' was used by Tolkien for the character who later would be named ''Gandalf''. The name ''Gandalf'' was instead used for the character known as [[Thorin]] in the published works.<ref>{{HH|Intro}}</ref>

== Inspiration ==
[[Image:Georg von Rosen - Oden som vandringsman, 1886 (Odin, the Wanderer).jpg|thumb|''Oden som vandringsman'' (''Odin the Wanderer'') by Georg von Rosen]]
[[Image:Der_Berggeist_(Origin_of_Gandalf)_by_J._Madelener.gif|left|thumb|''[[Der Berggeist]]'' by [[Josef Madlener]].]]

''Gandalfr''
appears in the list of dwarves in the ''[[Völuspá]]'' of the Elder Edda, the name means "Cane-elf". Tolkien took the name along with the other dwarves' names when he wrote ''The Hobbit'' in the 1930s. He came to regret the creation of this "rabble of eddaic-named dwarves [...] invented in an idle hour",<ref>{{TI|Runes}}, p. 452</ref> since it forced him to come up with an explanation of why Old Norse names should be used in [[Third Age]] Middle-earth. He solved the dilemma in 1942 by the explanation that [[Old Norse]] was a ''translation'' of the [[language of Dale]]. The figure of Gandalf has other influences from Germanic mythology, particularly Odin in his incarnation as "the Wanderer", an old man with one eye, a long white beard, a wide brimmed hat, and a staff: Tolkien states that he thinks of Gandalf as an ''"Odinic wanderer"'' in a letter of 1946.<ref>{{L|107}}</ref>

Tolkien had a postcard labeled ''[[Der Berggeist]]'' ("the mountain spirit"), and on the paper cover in which he kept it, he wrote "the origin of Gandalf" at some point. The postcard reproduces a painting of a bearded figure, sitting on a rock under a pine tree in a mountainous setting. He wears a wide-brimmed round hat and a long cloak and white fawn is nuzzling his upturned hands.
[[Humphrey Carpenter]] in his 1977 biography said that Tolkien had bought the postcard during his 1911 holiday in Switzerland. However, Manfred Zimmerman discovered that the painting was by German artist Josef Madlener and dates to the late 1920s.<ref>[[Manfred Zimmerman]], "The Origin of Gandalf and Josef Madlener", in [[Mythlore|''Mythlore'']] [[Mythlore 34|34]] (Winter [[1983]])</ref> Carpenter concluded that Tolkien was probably mistaken about the origin of the postcard himself. Tolkien must have acquired the card at some time in the early 1930s, at a time when ''The Hobbit'' had already begun to take shape.

== Portrayals in Adaptations ==
{{Gallery
|title=Pictures of adaptations of Gandalf
|height=150
|width=200
|lines=2
|File:Gandalf - The Hobbit 1966.png|''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]''
|File:Gandalf from Rankin-Bass' The Hobbit.jpg|''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]''
|File:Gandalf from Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]''
|File:WiME-gandalf+3-hobbits.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
|File:LOTR-Gandalf 1990-1--1-.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)]]''
|File:LOTR vol. 1 SNES Gandalf in the Shire.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES)]]''
|File:1121208-ror 010-1-.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan]]''
|File:Fotr1085.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:Peter Jackson's Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
|File:Gandalf viv lotr.JPG|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:Gandalf 2Towers.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Two Towers GBA - Gandalf, Frodo and Legolas.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)#Game Boy Advance version|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Game Boy Advance)]]''
|File:The Hobbit (2003) Gandalf.JPG|''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]''
|File:Gandalf EA RotK.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Return of the King GBA - Gandalf.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (Game Boy Advance)]]''
|File:Gandalf in LOTRO.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings- Conquest -Gandalf fighting Orcs.png|'''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]''
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Gandalf the White.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
|File:Gandalf in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:Lego - Gandalf the Grey mini figure.png|Gandalf the Grey as a ''[[Lego]] mini figure''
|File:The Hobbit films - Gandalf in Bag End.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in [[The Hobbit films]]
}}

'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)]]'':'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[Norman Shelley]].<ref>{{L|175}}</ref>

'''1966: ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]'':'''
:Gandalf's role is drastically reduced. He lives in a tower, where Thorin, the Princess and the guard meet him to discuss the killing of [[Smaug|Slag]]. He introduces them to Bilbo, but does not go on the quest.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'':'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[Heron Carvic]].

'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]'':'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[John Huston]].

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:Gandalf was voiced by [[William Squire]]. [[John A. Neris]] played him in the live-action filming used for rotoscoping.<ref>Jerry Beck, ''The Animated Movie Guide'', page 154 (at [http://books.google.com/books?id=fTI1yeZd-tkC&pg=PA154&dq=%22John+A.+Neris%22&hl=nl#PPA154,M1 GoogleBooks])</ref>

'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'':'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided [[Bernard Mayes]].

'''1979: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)]]'':'''
:[[Bernard Mayes]] reprised his role as Gandalf.

'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'':'''
:[[John Huston]] reprised his role as Gandalf. In this adaptation, the tale is told by a minstrel of [[Gondor]], yet in the story, Gandalf serves as the narrator. Gandalf the White is portrayed without difference from Gandalf the Grey, in ''The Hobbit''.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)]]'':'''
:[[Michael Hordern]] read the part of Gandalf. He had not read the book, and thought his agent made a mistake in telling him how many episodes he had to do. He did not know Gandalf's early death would prove only temporarily.<ref>[[Brian Sibley]], "[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/2008/01/this-page-is-still-under-construction_23.html The Ring Goes Ever On: The Making of BBC Radio's ''The Lord of the Rings'']", at ''[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/ Brian Sibley:The Works]''</ref>

'''1982: ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)]]'':'''
:Gandalf can be met on several moments of the game's story line.<ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ''ZX Computing'', iss. 8304, p. 76] reproduced at [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/archive.html World of Spectrum - Archive] (retrieved at 14 August 2010)</ref>

'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)]]'':'''
:Gandalf can be "recruited" by [[Frodo Baggins]] as a playable character.

'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan]]'':'''
:Gandalf is one of the main characters of the game and one of the several heroes of the [[Rohan]] faction.

'''1994: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES)]]'':'''
:Gandalf can be acquired as a playable characters.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Ian McKellen]] was cast as Gandalf. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his portrayal.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]'':'''
:[[Tom Kane]] provided the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable character in several levels, including the fight with [[Durin's Bane]].

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Perhaps the most striking difference from all other adaptations is the difference between Gandalf the Grey and Gandalf the White. Where earlier no visible or audible difference was made, Gandalf the White is portrayed as much more virile, and with a shorter (and whiter) beard.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':'''
:The voice of Gandalf is provided by [[Ian McKellen]]. Gandalf the Grey appears at the campsite of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|fellowship]] in ''The Gates of Moria'' and during the fight of [[Balin's Tomb]] in ''Balin's Tomb''. He latter reappears in the game as Gandalf the White at the start of the mission ''The Plains of Rohan'', where he leaves Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli to search Éomer and his army. He also appears in some cutscenes.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)#Game Boy Advance version|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Game Boy Advance)]]'':'''
:In the [[wikipedia:Game Boy Advance|Game Boy Advance version]] of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]] Gandalf is a playable character. Gandalf's story starts with a conservation between Gandalf and [[Théoden]], after which the story goes back to the [[Caradhras]], where the Fellowship tries to travel over the [[Misty Mountains]]. When that road fails, the Fellowship goes back and travels through [[Moria]]. In Moria Gandalf and the other member of the Fellowship are seperated. After finding [[Frodo]], [[Aragorn]] and [[Gimli]] the fellowship is attacked by a [[Cave-troll]] and [[Goblins]]. After Gandalf defeats the Cave-troll the Fellowship has to flee for the [[Balrog]]. When they reach the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]] a cutscene is shown, in which Gandalf destroys the bridge and falls with the Balrog in the depths. After the fall Gandalf has to follow the footsteps of the Balrog through the depths of Moria and the [[Endless Stair]] untill he reaches [[Durin's Tower]], where he has to defeat the Balrog.

:After being revived he returns as Gandalf the White in Fangorn, where he defeats several [[Trolls|Forrest trolls]] and [[Crebain]]. After defeating a stronger Forrest troll, named Fangorn troll, Gandalf meets Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli. After a cutscene, the game moves to [[Edoras]]. Gandalf heals the corrupted Théoden in Edoras, and then travels through [[Rohan]] in search of [[Éomer]]. Gandalf convinces Éomer to lead his army to [[Helm's Deep]].

:The game ends with the [[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]], in which Gandalf and Éomer fight alongside Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and [[Éowyn]] while protecting the wall, the [[Hornburg]] and the [[Glittering Caves]]. In the final level Gandalf has to destroy the siege weapons that bombard the Hornburg. The game ends with a conservation between Gandalf, Aragorn, Gimli and Théoden.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Because [[Imrahil]] had been cut from the film, it was up to Gandalf to lead the troops after the madness and death of [[Denethor II|Denethor]].

'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'':'''
:[[Jim Ward]] provided the voice of Gandalf. He is shown with actual [[magic]]: he can shoot blue bolts of lightning from his staff.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]'':'''
:Gandalf is the narrator, and a playable character. The game is built around him; the cut scene narration shows how he planned for the [[War of the Ring]]. He has several missions, collectively called the "Path of the Wizard". The first is the [[Battle of the Hornburg|the Battle of Helm's Deep]], which serves as a training mission. He has to fight [[Uruk-Hai]] in the forest of [[Huorns]] and [[Ents]] in "The Road to Isengard". After that, the missions move to [[Minas Tirith]]: the first mission, "Top of the Wall", has Gandalf warding off ladders and siege towers. In the second, "Courtyard", he has to protect civilians from the invading Orcs. His last playing mission is the [[Battle of the Morannon|Battle of the Black Gate]].

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (Game Boy Advance)]]'':'''
:Just like on the consule version of the game, Gandalf is a playable characte. He has many missions, collectively called the "The Journey of the Wizard". He starts in a flooded [[Isengard]], where he has to kill several [[Uruk-hai]] and [[Crebain]] before he confronts [[Saruman]]. After the defeat of Saruman he travels to [[Minas Tirith]] through Rohan and the Misty Mountains. At the [[Pelennor Fields]] Gandalf has to protect the [[Beacons of Gondor|beacons]], so Rohan can be warned. During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Battle of Minas Tirith]] he has to protect the gate, before making his way to the [[House of the Stewards|Steward's Tomb]]. Here Gandalf has to kill Denethor, before he burns [[Faramir]]. After the battle Gandalf travels through [[Ithilien]] to the [[Black Gate]], where he confronts a Nazgûl.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'':'''
:Gandalf, voiced by [[Ian McKellen]], is a character in [[Electronic Arts|EA's]] "alternative [[Fellowship of the Ring|fellowship]]" game. In his battle against Durin's Bane, he is aided by the main characters.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''
:Gandalf is voiced by [[Steven M. Kramer]], renowned for playing older mentor types.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gandalf is a non-playable character voiced by [[Harry Chase]], who gives various quests and narrates cutscenes.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Gandalf is a hero for the "Men of the West" faction. At first, he is "the Grey", and becomes "Gandalf the White" after reching level 5. He plays no part in the scenarios.

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:[[Martin Jarvis]] provides the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable mage hero and has three special powers: "Healing Wisdom", "You Shall not Pass!" and "Cleansing Fire". In the good campaign he appears at the end of the Isengard mission, where he has to kill Saruman in [[Orthanc]]. In Moria he can be played to destroy the [[Balrog]] and in Minas Tirith he has to defend the gates of the second ring. He is also one of the four playable heroes in the last mission, [[The Battle of the Morannon|the battle of the Black Gate]]. He appears aswell in the end of the last mission, the Shire, of the evil campaign, in which he is killed by [[Sauron]].
:He is also playable in the Shire, Isengard, Minas Tirith and Moria with the ''Conquest'' Mode, in Isengard and Minas Tirith in the ''Team Deatmatch'' mode, the citadel of Minas Tirith in ''Capture the Ring'' mode, and at the Black Gate, Minas Morgul, Mout Doom and the Shire during ''Hero Team Deatmatch'' mode.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Gandalf narrates the introduction of the game. He tells that heroes like "[[Aragorn|Aragorn the King]]", "[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo the Ringbearer]]" and "'''Gandalf the Wizard'''" are rightly honored, but that without a few heroes - [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] - the north of [[Middle-earth]] would have been lost.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref>
:He also appears in [[Rivendell]] latter in the game.

'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''
:[[Ian McKellen|Sir Ian McKellen]] will reprise his role as Gandalf the Grey.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Gandalf|Images of Gandalf]]

{{References}}

* {{HM|TT}}
* {{HM|RK}}
* {{L|156}}
* {{L|246}}


{{ainur}}
{{Thorin and Company}}
{{fellowship}}
{{sequence
|prev=none
|next=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]
|list=Leader of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] [[25 December|December 25]] [[Third Age 3018|3018]] - [[15 January|January 15]] [[Third Age 3019|3019]]
}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[Category:Norse names]]
[[Category:Wizards]]

[[de:Gandalf]]
[[fa:گندالف]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:ainur:maiar:istari:gandalf]]
[[fi:Gandalf]]

File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Thorin.png

2012-02-02T08:21:37Z

Icarus: Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)

[[Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)]]

Thorin

2012-02-02T08:21:10Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

{{disambig-more|Thorin|[[Thorin (disambiguation)]]}}
{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[Image:John Howe - The King Under the Mountain.jpg|250px]]
| name=Thorin Oakenshield
| othernames=Thorin II<ref name=AppA3>{{App|A3}}</ref> King of Durin's Folk<ref name=AppA3/> King under the Mountain<ref name=H10>{{H|10}}</ref>
| life={{TA|2746}} - {{TA|2941|n}}<ref name=AppA3/> (aged c. 195)
| realm= [[Thorin's Halls]]<ref>{{UT|9}}</ref> [[Erebor]]<ref name=AppA3/>
| parentage=[[Thráin II]]<ref name=AppA3/>
| lineage=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|Durin's line]]<ref name=AppA3/>
| hood="sky-blue one with a long silver tassel"<ref name=H1>{{H|1}}</ref>
| gender=Male
}}
<center>{{quote|I am Thorin son of Thrain son of Thror King under the Mountain! I return!|Thorin<ref name="H10">{{H|10}}</ref>

|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name=H1/>}}</center>
'''Thorin''' ([[Third Age]] {{TA|2746|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}), also known as '''Thorin Oakenshield''', was the [[King of Durin's Folk]] from {{TA|2850}} until his death in {{TA|2941}}, being the son of [[Thráin II]], grandson of [[Thrór]] and older brother to [[Frerin]] and [[Dís]]. Thorin led [[Durin's Folk]] of the [[Blue Mountains]] during their time in exile. In {{TA|2941}} he led the quest for [[Erebor]] accompanied by twelve [[dwarves]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], and [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]; he briefly became [[King under the Mountain]] until he perished following the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref>{{App|A3}}; {{UT|9}}; {{H|10}}; {{App|B2}}</ref>

==Appearance==
Thorin wore a sky-blue hood with a long silver tassel. Around his neck he wore a golden chain, upon which he attached his grandfather's key.<ref name="H1"/>
{{Blockquote|It was Thorin, but you could only have told it by his golden chain, and by the colour of his now dirty and tattered sky-blue hood with its tarnished silver tassel.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="H9">{{H|9}}</ref>}}

==History==
===Youth and exile===
[[Image:Charles Burggraf - We will get it back.jpg|thumb|right|''"We will get it back"'' by Charles Burggraf]]
Thorin was born in {{TA|2746}}, presumably in the Lonely Mountain where his grandfather, [[Thrór]], was King under the Mountain. Thorin was still a youngster (aged c. 24), by Dwarves' reckoning, when the dragon [[Smaug]] descended upon the mountain of Erebor in flames. Smaug left the mannish town of [[Dale]] in ruins and killed all dwarves who were inside the mountain. Thrór and Thráin (Thorin's father) escaped using a secret [[Back Door]]. Meanwhile Thorin was one of the few Dwarves who was not inside the mountain at the time. Thus the surviving [[Dwarves of Erebor]] were driven into exile and Thrór, Thráin, and Thorin fled south.<ref name=AppA3/><ref name=H1/>

===The War of the Dwarves and Orcs===
Weary, elderly and disillusioned, Thrór departed from [[Dunland]] with [[Nár]]. They came to [[Azanulbizar]] and the eastern gate of [[Moria]], which they found was open. Whilst Nár stayed behind (and urged his companion to do the same) Thrór approached the gate and was murdered by [[Azog]]. He added insult to injury by branding Thrór's brow with the name 'AZOG' in [[Runes|Dwarfrunes]]. Thus it was that the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] began following the return of Nár, who bore the news to Thráin.<ref name=AppA3/>

The war was fought long and hard between the two races, ultimately ending in a pyrrhic Dwarven victory at the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] in {{TA|2799}}. Both Thráin and Thorin were wounded during this battle and [[Frerin]] (Thorin's brother) was killed. Thráin was blinded in one eye and suffered a leg-wound. Meanwhile Thorin earned the epithet "'''Oakenshield'''" when his shield broke and in its stead he used an oak branch to ward off his foes. Despite victory no Dwarf dared to re-enter [[Moria]] out of fear for [[Durin's Bane]].<ref>{{App|A3}}; {{App|B2}}</ref>

===Return into exile===
Thráin, Thorin, and the other survivors of [[Durin's Folk]] left Azanulbizar and returned to [[Dunland]]. However they soon began to wander [[Eriador]] before settling at last in the [[Blue Mountains]]. Here they prospered somewhat, forging iron objects and increasing their numbers (albeit, due to a scarceness of women-folk, very slowly). Nonetheless they all still longed to return to the Lonely Mountain.<ref name=AppA3/>

By this time Thráin was in possession of [[Ring of Thrór|the last]] of the [[Seven Rings]] of power. It is possible that as [[Sauron|Sauron's]] power grew so too did the ring's influence over Thráin. His burning desire for gold and to return to the Lonely Mountain became too great and in {{TA|2841}} he set out to return. Thorin was never to see his father again for Sauron captured and imprisoned Thráin in [[Dol Guldur]]. Thus it was that in {{TA|2850}}, following Thráin's death, Thorin became the [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]] at the age of ninety-five. Thorin and his people were content living in the [[Blue Mountains]] and [[Eriador]] but as the years waned Thorin's desire to return to Erebor grew.<ref>{{App|A3}}; {{App|B2}}</ref>

===The Quest for Erebor===
{{Expansion}}
====A new hope====
[[File:LotR LCG- Thorin Oakenshield.jpg|thumb|right|Thorin Oakenshield from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game]]'']]
{{Blockquote|Listen to me, Thorin Oakenshield ! [...] If this hobbit goes with you, you will succeed. If not, you will fail. A foresight is on me, and I am warning you.|[[Gandalf]]<ref name="UT9">{{UT|9}}</ref>}}
The fortunes of the House of Durin changed when Thorin met [[Gandalf]] by chance in {{TA|2941}}. Different accounts dispute the exact location of this first meeting. One source states that it occurred at an Inn in [[Bree]]. Whilst another states that Thorin started talking to Gandalf when he overtook him on the road. Whichever is the case they then proceeded to go to [[Thorin's Halls]]. There they discussed their tales and Gandalf formulated a plan. Gandalf knew that Sauron could have potentially used Smaug with devastating effect. Therefore both he and Thorin had a shared interest in removing Smaug. Gandalf wanted Thorin and a company of dwarves to travel to the Lonely Mountain taking [[Bilbo Baggins]] with them. Gandalf's instinct was that the Quest for Erebor would only be successful if Bilbo accompanied them. However Thorin and the dwarves were not convinced; it was not until Gandalf revealed [[Thrór's Map|Thrór's map]] and key that Thorin was convinced that the quest would be profitable to him. Even after the "[[An Unexpected Party|Unexpected Party]]" Gandalf only persuaded Thorin to take Bilbo on the morning that they set off.<ref>{{App|A3}}; {{UT|9}}</ref>

Thus it was that in {{TA|2941}} Thorin set off for the Lonely Mountain with Gandalf, Bilbo Baggins, [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], [[Balin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Dori]], [[Nori]], [[Ori]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], and [[Bombur]]. A short time into the journey the adventurers found a Troll's cave. Here they found a hoard of treasure which included blades made in the ancient city of [[Gondolin]]. Biblo found a knife that he named [[Sting]], Gandalf acquired [[Glamdring]] and meanwhile Thorin found [[Orcrist]].<ref>{{H|2}}</ref> Whilst [[Thorin and Company]] were in [[Rivendell]] [[Elrond]] read the inscriptions on the blades and informed them of their sword's histories. He also read the [[moon-letters]] on Thrór's map; it read "''stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks [...] and the setting sun with the last light of [[Durin's Day]] will shine upon the keyhole.''"<ref>{{H|3}}</ref>

====The return of the King under the Mountain====
[[File:Thorin in esgaroth.jpg|thumb|left|Thorin arrives in Lake-town]]
Upon reaching [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]], the closest settlement to the Lonely Mountain, Thorin was greeted warmly and the men of Lake-town hailed the return of the [[King under the Mountain]].<ref name=H10/> They soon reached the Lonely Mountain itself and "''with the last light of Durin's Day''" they found the secret side-door, using the key to open it.<ref>{{H|11}}</ref> Thorin sent Bilbo in to carry out his duty as their 'esteemed burglar'. This enraged Smaug who sought to destroy the burglar and take out his vengeance on the [[Lake-men]].<ref>{{H|12}}</ref> The dragon was slain by [[Bard]] who pierced an un-armoured spot on the dragon's underside.<ref>{{H|14}}</ref>

Upon hearing the news of the death of Smaug, Thorin was overcome by greed. He fortified the main entrance to the mountain and refused to share any of the treasure. Hosts of [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]] and [[Lake-men]] approached the mountain led by the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]] and Bard respectively. Thorin refused to accept their claims to a share in the treasure and sent for his cousin, [[Dáin Ironfoot]], who brought more than five-hundred Dwarves from the [[Iron Hills]].<ref>{{H|15}}; {{H|16}}</ref> Bilbo sought to bring an end to the dispute; to this end he secretly gave the [[Arkenstone]] to Bard and the Elvenking to use in making a deal with Thorin. When Thorin heard about Bilbo's actions he was furious and felt betrayed by the Hobbit.<ref>{{H|17}}</ref>

====Death====
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Death of Thorin Oakenshield.jpg|thumb|right|''The Death of Thorin Oakenshield'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]However all disputes were cast aside when the army of [[Bolg]], Azog's son, suddenly attacked. Thus the three armies of [[Elves]], [[Men]], and [[Dwarves]] united against the two armies of [[Orcs|Goblins]] and [[Wargs]]: the [[Battle of Five Armies]] had begun. As the battle drew on, Thorin leapt from the front gate and rallied all Elves, Men, and Dwarves to him. The armies of the [[free peoples]] of [[Middle-earth]] emerged triumphant. Nonetheless [[Kíli]] and [[Fíli]] were killed and Thorin was gravely wounded. Before he died Thorin spoke to Bilbo and commended his good character, courage and friendship. With that, he died. He was laid to rest deep within the Lonely Mountain. Dain Ironfoot, the new King under the Mountain, placed the Arkenstone upon Thorin's chest, whilst the Elvenking laid Orcrist upon Thorin's tomb.<ref>{{H|17}}; {{H|18}}</ref>

==Personality==
{{Blockquote|Thorin did not live to enjoy his triumph or his treasure. Pride and greed overcame him in spite of my warning|[[Gandalf]]<ref name="UT9"/>}}
Thorin was a particularly stubborn, proud, and greedy dwarf. According to Gandalf Thorin was, from the beginning, contemptuous about the notion that [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] should go with him on his long-desired adventure to the Lonely Mountain; he thought that Gandalf was trying to mock him and make him look foolish. Indeed Thorin found it difficult to accept the advice of Gandalf at all, believing that he should have been drawing plans for war and battle rather than planning to use a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] as a burglar. Thorin's most coveted prize was the [[Arkenstone]], something which Bilbo believed was not only the heart of the mountain but at the heart of Thorin too. His greed was epitomised at the moment when it was revealed that Bilbo had given the Arkenstone to the Elvenking and Bard; he lifted Bilbo up shouting 'I will throw you to the rocks'. Upon his deathbed Thorin repented his ways, saying that "''if more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.''"<ref>{{UT|9}}; {{H|17}}; {{H|18}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | DAI | | | | | | |DAI=[[Dáin I]] ''{{TA|2440|n}}-{{TA|2589|n}}''}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | THR | | FRO | | | | GRO |THR=[[Thrór]] ''{{TA|2542|n}}-{{TA|2790|n}}''|FRO=[[Frór]] ''{{TA|2552|n}}-{{TA|2589|n}}''|GRO=[[Grór]] ''{{TA|2563|n}}-{{TA|2805|n}}''}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | THN | | | | | | | | NAI |THN=[[Thráin II]] ''{{TA|2644|n}}-{{TA|2850|n}}''|NAI=[[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]] ''{{TA|2665|n}}-{{TA|2799|n}}''}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| THO | | FRE | | DIS | | | | DII |THO='''Thorin II Oakenshield''' ''{{TA|2746|n}}-{{TA|2941|n}}''|FRE=[[Frerin]] ''{{TA|2751|n}}-{{TA|2799|n}}''|DIS=[[Dís]] ''{{TA|2760|n}}-Unknown''|DII=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]] ''{{TA|2767|n}}-{{TA|3019|n}}''}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | FIL | | KIL | | TH3 |FIL=[[Fíli]] {{TA|2859|n}}-{{TA|2941|n}}|KIL=[[Kíli]] ''{{TA|2864|n}}-{{TA|2941|n}}''|TH3=[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]] ''{{TA|2866|n}}-Unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}</div>

==Etymology==
<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #f0f0f0; color:#000; background-color:#ffffff; padding:5px; margin-bottom:5px; margin-left:5px">
<div style="text-align:center">[[Image:Thorin Hobbit runes.png|Thorin]]</div>
<div style="text-align:center">'''Thorin'''</div>
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:x-small">'''[[Runes|Anglo-Saxon Runes]] used in ''[[The Hobbit]]'''''</div>
</div>
Thorin's name is one from the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. It means "Bold".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>

The epithet "Oakenshield" also comes from the ''Dvergatal''. ''Eikinskjaldi'' means "Oakenshield", and it has long been considered the name of a Dwarf. However, because the name appears twice, both in Dúrinn's and Dválinn's line, it has also been suggested that it simply means "with an oaken shield".<ref>P.H. Salus, Taylor Beekman, "[http://pao.chadwyck.co.uk.proxy-ub.rug.nl/articles/displayItemPage.do?FormatType=fulltextimages&QueryType=articles&ResultsID=12E4F77F8FAA34BB2&ItemNumber=9&PageNumber=1 'Eikinskjaldi, Fjalarr', and 'Eggþer': Notes on Dwarves and Giants in the 'Völuspá'"], published in ''[[wikipedia:Neophilologus|Neophilologus]]'' Vol 53 (1969), Issue #1, pp. 76-81</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In early manuscripts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the name ''[[Gandalf]]'' was used by Tolkien for the character who later would be named "Thorin Oakenshield" in the published works.<ref>{{HH|Intro}}</ref>

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Pictures of Thorin Oakenshield in Adaptations
|height=150
|width=200
|lines=2
|File:Thorin - The Hobbit 1966.png|Thorin in the 1966 adaptation of ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)|The Hobbit]]''.
|File:Thorin RankinBass 1977.jpg|Thorin in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|Rankin/Bass's The Hobbit]]
|File:The Hobbit (2003) Thorin.JPG|Thorin in [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]
|File:Thorin II-LOTRO1.png|Thorin in [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]
|File:The Hobbit films - Thorin.jpg|[[Richard Armitage]] as Thorin in [[The Hobbit films]]
}}
'''1966: ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]'':'''
:Thorin Oakenshield is the commander of the garrison of [[Dale]]. He is not a royal.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'':'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by [[John Justin]].

'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]'':'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by [[Hans Conried]].

'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'':'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by [[Tom Luce]].

'''1982: ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)]]'':'''
:Thorin is the only companion of the player, [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref>''[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ZX Computing]'', 8304 (April/May 1983), p. 76 (accessed 24 March 2011)</ref>

'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'':'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by [[Clive Revill]].

'''2012-3: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''
:Thorin will be portrayed by [[Richard Armitage]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Thorin|Images of Thorin]]

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=dwarf
| house=[[House of Durin]]
| born={{TA|2746}}
| died={{TA|2941}}
}}
{{seq
|prev=[[Thráin II]]
|next=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]
|nrow=2
|list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]
|dates={{TA|2850}} – {{TA|2941}}
}}
{{seq
|pvac=None
|prev=[[Thrór]], 170 years earlier
|list=4th [[Kings under the Mountain|King under the Mountain]]
|dates={{TA|2941}}
}}
{{seq-end}}{{Thorin and Company}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[de:Thorin II.]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/3a/thorin_ii]]
[[fi:Thorin II Tammikilpi]]

Category:Images from The Hobbit (1967 film)

2012-02-02T08:18:35Z

Icarus: Created page with "{{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbit (1966)}} Category:Images from Adaptations"

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbit (1966)}}
[[Category:Images from Adaptations]]

File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Title card.png

2012-02-02T08:18:27Z

Icarus: Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)

[[Category:Images from The Hobbit (1966 film)]]

The Hobbit (1967 film)

2012-02-02T08:17:31Z

Icarus:

{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit 1966 title card.png|250px]]
| name=The Hobbit
| director=[[Gene Deitch]]
| producer=[[William Snyder]]
| writer=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Gene Deitch]]
| narrator=[[Herb Lass]]<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://www.awn.com/articles/profiles/hobbit-alized-first-attempt-animating-hobbit|articlename=Hobbit-alized: The First Attempt At Animating The Hobbit|dated=11 December 2001|website=awn.com|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>
| starring=
| music= [[Václav Lidl]]<ref name="Deitch"/>
| cinematography= [[Adolf Born]]<ref name="Deitch"/>
| editing=
| distributor=
| released=Limited audience: [[29 June]], [[1966]]<ref name="Deitch"/>
| runtime=00:11:42
| country=United States
| language=English
| budget=
| website=
| imdb_id=
}}
'''''The Hobbit''''' was the first film adaptation of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', created by [[Gene Deitch]] in 1966. The film was produced by [[William Snyder]] and took less than a month to create. The film was approximately 12 minutes long and was only created so Snyder could extend his license for ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and sell it back to Tolkien and his publishers, which he did for $100,000.<ref name="Deitch"/>

== Cast ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Herb Lass]]<ref name="Deitch"/> || Narrator
|}

== Plot ==
[[Smaug|Slag the dragon]] ransacked the city of [[Dale]]. Only General [[Thorin Oakenshield]], Princess Mika and a lone guard survived, and turned to the wizard [[Gandalf]] in his tower. He pointed them at a prophecy of the dragon's death, for which they needed a Hobbit. [[Bilbo Baggins]] initially refused, but after some persuasion from Gandalf and the princess, joined the three on their quest.

Soon, they encountered two "[[Trolls|growns]]", monstrous creatures that turned to trees when exposed to sunlight. Bilbo's companions were captured, but Bilbo tricked the two into a fight until the sun rose. They continued their journey, and General Oakenshield and the Princess started to appreciate their burglar. But suddenly, Bilbo disappeared. He had fallen though a crack in the mountain, and fell past the [[Orcs|greblins]] into the lake of [[Gollum|Goloom]]. He found Goloom's [[The One Ring|magic ring]], and dashed away through the tunnels. He hid behind a rock, and allowed Goloom to overtake him so he could find his way out.

After traveling through [[Mirkwood|Mirkwood Forest]], Bilbo came to the [[Erebor|Lonely Mountain]]. He stole the [[Arkenstone]], crafted a bow from mining tools, and shot the Arkenstone through Slag's heart. Slag was killed, and Dale restored. Bilbo returned to Hobbiton with Princess Mika as his wife.

{{References}}
{{Films}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)}}
[[Category:Films]]

Template:Screen

2012-02-02T08:13:43Z

Icarus:

{| style="margin:0 auto;" class="toccolours" align=center
|align=center style="background:#ccccff" | '''Licensed film adaptations of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s works'''
|-
|style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center;" |''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)|The Hobbit]]'' (1966) · ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'' (1977) · ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1978) · ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'' (1980) · ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (2001) · ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' (2002) · ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' (2003) · ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' (2012) · ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit: There and Back Again]]'' (2013)
|}
<noinclude>[[Category:Film templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude>

Glorfindel

2011-12-29T10:47:54Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

{{sources}}{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Soni - Glorfindel.jpg|250px]]
| name=Glorfindel
| othernames=''[[Laurefindil]]''
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Golden Flower]]
| position=
| realm=[[Aman]], [[Gondolin]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=during [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Aman]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|510}}
| deathlocation=[[Gondolin]] (then re-embodied)
| age=6500+
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Long golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Asfaloth]]
}}
{{Pronounce|Glorfindel.mp3|Ardamir}}

{{quote|'''Glorfindel''' was tall and straight; his hair was of shining gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his hand was strength.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], ''[[Many Meetings]]''}}
'''Glorfindel''' ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden head of hair", pron. {{IPA|[ɡlorˈfindel]}}) was one of the mightiest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. He was distinctive because of his return to [[Middle-earth]] after death, acting as an emissary of the [[Valar]], on a similar mission to the [[Istari]] who were to come several thousand years later.

==History==
===Early History===

Glorfindel was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]]. His parentage is unknown; due to his apparent nobility and a note that he was kin of [[Turgon]] it is possible that he was the son of one of [[Finwë]]’s daughters, [[Findis]] or [[Irimë]]. This would account for his distinctive golden hair as well, as [[Indis]] their mother was a [[Vanya]]. It would also make Glorfindel the possible uncle of [[Voronwë of Gondolin|Voronwë]] (who may have been the grandson of Irimë), the only surviving mariner who sought Valinor. Nevertheless, his parentage is and always will be a matter of speculation, unless new manuscripts turn up, as [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] never explored that matter very deeply.

He was of the host of [[Turgon]], who was one of the most determined and unrepentant followers of [[Fëanor]]. Nevertheless Glorfindel himself was reluctant; only for his allegiance and kinship with Turgon did he go, and had no part in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].

===Gondolin===

After the [[Exile of the Noldor]] Glorfindel’s history is obscure. As a great follower of Turgon he was appointed chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim|Twelve Houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. He was dearly loved by all the [[Gondolindrim]], and went about in a mantle embroidered in threads of gold, diapered with celandine “as a field in spring”. His vambraces were [[Uncommon words#damask|damascened]] with "cunning gold".

[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'', as drawn by [[Jenny Dolfen]].]]He witnessed the coming of [[Tuor]] and later the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. During the ensuing battle in the streets, Glorfindel chose (or was ordered to) hold the [[Great Market]] from the advancing [[orcs]]. He attempted to flank them, taking the enemy by surprise, but was himself ambushed and surrounded. Cut off, the House of the Golden Flower fought on fiercely for hours, until a fire-breathing [[Dragons|dragon]] came and leveled their ranks. Glorfindel with some of the strongest of his followers cut his way out, but the survivors of that battle were very few. Even then they were pursued and might have all been killed, but the [[House of the Harp]] arrived in time, ambushing their pursuers, after rebelling from their treacherous leader [[Salgant]]. The Golden Flower arrived at the [[Square of the King]], one of the last of the Houses to be driven in.

As many of the lords had fallen, [[Ecthelion of the Fountain|Ecthelion]] was wounded, [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]] was engaged, and [[Egalmoth of the Heavenly Arch|Egalmoth]] had not yet arrived, Glorfindel joined Tuor in leading the defense of the King’s Square. When Egalmoth arrived, bringing with him many women and children, he took over Glorfindel’s job in going from place to place, strengthening the defenses. Glorfindel presumably threw himself once more into the thick of the fight. But even he could not prevent a dragon from coming down from the [[Alley of Roses]], breaking through their lines. The dragon was accompanied by orcs and balrogs, among them [[Gothmog (Lord of Balrogs)|Gothmog]]. Even Tuor was thrown down, but Ecthelion sacrificed himself to kill Gothmog and buy the Gondolindrim a little more time. When the Gondolindrim fled southward, and Turgon King was slain, Glorfindel held the rear manfully, losing many more of his House in the process. After they had escaped Gondolin via [[Idril's Secret Way]], and passed through the [[Cirith Thoronath]], Glorfindel again held the rear with the largest number of the unwounded.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]It was at that time that a balrog and a contingent of orcs ambushed their company. Glorfindel there accomplished his greatest deed, for he saved the lives of Tuor, [[Idril]], and all the company when he defied the balrog. They fought long. According to ''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]'' Glorfindel stabbed it in the belly, but as the balrog fell it reached out and grabbed his long golden hair, pulling him back down over the edge of the cliff. He perished in the fall, but his body was borne up by [[Thorondor]], and buried him with a mound of stones in the pass. On that mound grew yellow flowers (possibly celandine), despite its remote location.

===Re-embodiment and Return===

Glorfindel’s spirit passed to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where he waited with the spirits of the other Noldor who had died during their war against [[Morgoth]]. But because of Glorfindel’s noble actions in life, his reluctance at the Exile, and his furthering of the purposes of the Valar by saving Tuor and Idril, he was re-embodied after only a short time. He had redeemed himself, and was purged of any guilt. Not only did his sacrifice get him an early pardon, it earned him great powers, so that he was almost an equal to the maiar.

Glorfindel spent several hundred years in Valinor, during which time he became a friend and follower of the [[Maia]] [[Gandalf|Olórin]]. Eventually, [[Manwë]] sent him across the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Middle-earth]], possibly as early as [[Second Age 1200]], but more likely in [[Second Age 1600|1600]] with the [[Blue Wizards]]. If the latter date, he arrived just after [[the One Ring]] had been forged, [[Barad-dûr]] built, and [[Celebrimbor]] dead or soon to be so. While the Blue Wizards were sent to the east, Glorfindel’s mission was to aid [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] in the struggle against [[Sauron]]. He played a prominent behind-the-scenes role in the war in [[Eriador]] and the other struggles of the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]]. His part, though great, was mostly overlooked by the histories, because his immense, angelic power was not usually displayed openly.

===Third Age===

[[Image:Anna Lee - Glorfindel.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel'' by [[Anna Lee]].]] Glorfindel greeted his friend [[Gandalf|Olórin]] (to be known as [[Gandalf]]) in [[Mithlond]] in [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the Third Age, who was on a similar mission to his own. As the great Elves of Middle-earth fell one by one, only [[Galadriel]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elrond]], and [[Círdan]] were left of the Wise. Glorfindel took a more active role, leading the Elven forces in the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Upon the humiliation of [[Eärnur]] before the [[Witch-king]], Glorfindel bade him not pursue, and prophesied that the wraith would not fall by the hand of man.

His next appearance in the histories was during the pre-[[War of the Ring]] struggles, after [[the One Ring]] had been brought into the light once more. He was one of the elves dispatched from [[Rivendell]] by Elrond to search for the [[Ring-bearer]]. Elrond had chosen him partially because Glorfindel did not fear the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], as he had great presence in both the [[Seen]] and [[Unseen]] worlds. While on his perilous mission the Ringwraiths avoided him; he met five of them, and they fled at his presence. It was Glorfindel indeed who accomplished his mission and found the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and his friend [[Aragorn]] with him. Glorfindel put Frodo on his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and upon the approach of the Ringwraiths ordered him to go on. The white horse bore Frodo to safety across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, in a rash act of attempted heroism, turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. Glorfindel, expecting the flood that protected Rivendell to come down and smite the riders, revealed his power to the Riders, and drove them (willingly or not) into the River, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.

[[Image:Hope Hoover - Glorfindel in Battle.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Glorfindel in Battle'' as drawn by [[Hope Hoover]].]]After this adventure, he helped bear Frodo to Rivendell, where the wounded Ringbearer was tended to. Glorfindel attended the [[Council of Elrond]], playing an active role in the conversation, speaking prophetically of [[Tom Bombadil]] and other matters with authority. Glorfindel stood beside Elrond and Gandalf as the backbone of the Council, laying out clearly their options. At first Glorfindel suggested that the Ring would be safe in the depths of the Sea, but the far-sighted Gandalf noted the change of landscapes, and the unforeseen possibilities that could bring the Ring forth once more in a hundred or even a thousand years in the future. In a hasty note Tolkien suggested that Glorfindel could tell of his ancestry in Gondolin, but this idea was disbanded. He was briefly considered as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], but as his friend Gandalf said, Glorfindel's power would be of little use against the might of [[Mordor]], on a mission of secrecy.

During the [[War of the Ring]] nothing is said of Glorfindel. Doubtless he played as strong a role as he had in previous campaigns. It is possible that he went to [[Lothlórien]] and fought actively in the [[Rhovanion Campaign (WotR)|war of Rhovanion]], perhaps even aiding Celeborn in the [[Fall of Dol Guldur]]. Whatever his role, his next mention in the texts is the [[Wedding of Elessar]], to which he came from the north with Galadriel and Elrond. After that no more is said of him. Like Olórin, his task in Middle-earth was done, and the age of the [[Elves]] was over. He probably passed West, perhaps with the bearers of the [[Three Rings]] and [[the One Ring]]. Or he may have remained for a time in Middle-earth to oversee the cleanup after the war. It may even be speculated that he waited for the Blue Wizards, who were active in the east against Sauron, and departed with them even as he came.

==Earlier Versions of the Legendarium==

Glorfindel was originally planned to be part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], in a way taking the place of [[Legolas]]. Tolkien proposed three dates as to his return to Middle-earth: [[Third Age 1000|T.A. 1000]], with [[Gandalf]], [[Second Age 1200|S.A. 1200]] and the years following, or [[Second Age 1600|S.A. 1600]]. He dropped the first one after some thought, and though he declared the second possible, he favored the last as the most probable.

==Attributes==

Glorfindel was an elf of great beauty, power, wisdom, and moral courage. He was clearly loved by the people of [[Gondolin]], who mourned his passing greatly. He acted most courageously during the Fall, his House being among those that suffered the greatest losses, and eventually giving his own life for the safety of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], accomplishing the designs of the Valar, though it was said that he "''would have defended them even had they been fugitives of any rank''". He was repentant of the rebellion of the Noldor, and took no part in the Kinslaying. His acts in the Third Age also show great presence and authority, as does the very fact that he was sent as an emissary of the Valar.

==Controversy==

Some have questioned whether Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same. Tolkien may simply have borrowed a name from his earlier [[legendarium]], something he was known to do. ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', published posthumously, cast some light on this issue. Among the ''[[Last Writings]]'' published in that volume, there are two long essays, ''Glorfindel I'' and ''Glorfindel II''. These were written later in life by Tolkien, and directly addressed whether the two Glorfindels were the same person. Both essays clearly indicated that they were the same person, and included a detailed discussion of 're-embodiment' in Tolkien's mythology.

{{quote|. . . At any rate what at first sight may seem the simplest solution must be abandoned: sc. that we have merely a reduplication of names, and that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were different persons. This repetition of so striking a name, though possible, would not be credible… Also it may be found that acceptance of the identity of Glorfindel of old and of the Third Age will actually explain what is said of him and improve the story. . .|''[[Last Writings]]'', Glorfindel II}}

{{quote|. . . After his purging of any guilt that he had incurred in the rebellion, he was released from Mandos, and Manwë restored him… We may then best suppose that Glorfindel returned during the Second Age, before the ‘shadow’ fell on [[Númenor]]. . .|Ibid.}}

As Tolkien's legendarium was an evolving work that he constantly updated and revised, there will always be some question of "final intent". Some may note that the above-quoted essays were private and not ever published, and thus should not be taken as decisive. Nevertheless the editors of the Tolkien Gateway believe that these essays, combined with Tolkien's published novels, clearly establish that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same person.

==Etymology==
''Glorfindel'' is the [[Sindarin]] calque of '''[[Laurefindil]]'''<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}, page 17.</ref> ([[Quenya|Q]]: "golden head of hair", pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈfindil]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈɸindil]}}), which is made up of two components; ''[[laure]]'' means "golden color" and ''[[findil]]'' or ''[[findilë]]'' means "head of hair". The name is in reference to Glorfindel's golden hair, hinting to a possible [[Vanyar]]in heritage. As a prince of the [[Noldor]], it is highly probable that Glorfindel is descended from any one of the children born to [[Finwë]] by the Vanya [[Indis]]. [[Finarfin]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]] and [[Idril]] were also Noldorin descendants of Vanyarin intermarriage who inherited the same trademark golden hair to varying degrees.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
<gallery align="center">
File:Glorfindel viv lotr.JPG|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:BFME2 - Glorfindel.jpg|[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth II]].
File:Glorfindel in LOTRO.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

Glorfindel is rarely portrayed like in the book. His role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is too small to be introduced and forgotten - he basically does little else beyond providing fast transport to Rivendell. In the more popular works, his role has been filled by another Elf.

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:In this adaptation, the role of Glorfindel was taken by [[Legolas]]. In a simplification of that character, and as a reason for ''his'' coming, he is portrayed as an Elf of Rivendell rather than [[Mirkwood]].

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Glorfindel appears in his original role at the Last Bridge, voiced by [[John Webb]]. Because the part of [[Gildor Inglorion]] was cut, the heavily wounded Frodo says the [[Quenya]] greeting ''Elen síla lúmenn' omientielvo'' to him, and Glorfindel replies with Gildor's answer. Glorfindel keeps his two [[Sindarin]] lines, ''A na vedui, Dúnadan!'' and ''Noro lim, noro lim, Asfatloth!'', though he says them with a heavy English accent. His name is pronounced correctly in the adaptation, but in the credits, his name is pronounced "Glorfindle".

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:To limit the already large number of one-appearance characters, Glorfindel has been omitted in this adaptation as well. [[Peter Jackson]] decided, to have [[Arwen]] meet the travelers and then ride on [[Asfaloth]].

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Glorfindel appears on the Last Bridge. He has several Sindarin lines: ''A na vedui, Dúnadan'', like in the book, and ''Mae govannen, mellon'' (which Frodo accurately translates as "Well met, friend"). He comes to the aid of the hobbits at the request of Elrond, who had received news from [[Gildor Inglorion|a group of Elves travelling near the Shire]] - even though there is no mention of that group earlier in the gameplay. Glorfindel does so in a monotonous voice, and his speech continues without pause. He also uses the lines ''Noro lim, Asfaloth'', though he does not say them to his horse: he says them to Frodo. No actor is specified for this part.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:[[Decipher]] made two [[Decipher Card|card]] featuring extra [[Jarl Benzon]] as Glorfindel, one of them being at the [[Coronation of Elessar]].

'''2006: ''[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Glorfindel played an important part in this video game, set during the [[War of the Ring]]. Together with [[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]] of [[Erebor]], Glorfindel fights in several places in northern [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion (Region)|Rhovanion]]. He is voiced by [[Jason Carter]], and portrayed as white haired. His design was changed to a more movie-accurate version in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. He serves as narrator throughout, and appears in the story itself after the death of [[Arvedui]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Glorfindel can be found in Rivendell just south of the [[Last Homely House]]. He has long blonde hair and wears a white robe with purple belt. He is involved in some of the book quests for ''Shadows of Angmar''. The player also talks to him after defeating the balrog Thaurlach.

==Collectibles==
[[Gentle Giant]] produced a ''Glorfindel Mini Bust'' for [[Comic-Con 2007]], based on Glorfindel's appearance in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|EA's ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'']].

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Glorfindel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/glorfindel]]
[[fi:Glorfindel]]
[[fa:گلورفیندل]]
{{references}}

File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Glorfindel.png

2011-12-29T10:47:49Z

Icarus: Category:Images of Glorfindel

== Summary ==
[[Category:Images of Glorfindel]]
== Licensing ==
{{Fairuse-Turbine}}

Glorfindel

2011-12-29T10:46:36Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

{{sources}}{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Soni - Glorfindel.jpg|250px]]
| name=Glorfindel
| othernames=''[[Laurefindil]]''
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Golden Flower]]
| position=
| realm=[[Aman]], [[Gondolin]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=during [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Aman]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|510}}
| deathlocation=[[Gondolin]] (then re-embodied)
| age=6500+
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Long golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Asfaloth]]
}}
{{Pronounce|Glorfindel.mp3|Ardamir}}

{{quote|'''Glorfindel''' was tall and straight; his hair was of shining gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his hand was strength.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], ''[[Many Meetings]]''}}
'''Glorfindel''' ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden head of hair", pron. {{IPA|[ɡlorˈfindel]}}) was one of the mightiest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. He was distinctive because of his return to [[Middle-earth]] after death, acting as an emissary of the [[Valar]], on a similar mission to the [[Istari]] who were to come several thousand years later.

==History==
===Early History===

Glorfindel was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]]. His parentage is unknown; due to his apparent nobility and a note that he was kin of [[Turgon]] it is possible that he was the son of one of [[Finwë]]’s daughters, [[Findis]] or [[Irimë]]. This would account for his distinctive golden hair as well, as [[Indis]] their mother was a [[Vanya]]. It would also make Glorfindel the possible uncle of [[Voronwë of Gondolin|Voronwë]] (who may have been the grandson of Irimë), the only surviving mariner who sought Valinor. Nevertheless, his parentage is and always will be a matter of speculation, unless new manuscripts turn up, as [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] never explored that matter very deeply.

He was of the host of [[Turgon]], who was one of the most determined and unrepentant followers of [[Fëanor]]. Nevertheless Glorfindel himself was reluctant; only for his allegiance and kinship with Turgon did he go, and had no part in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].

===Gondolin===

After the [[Exile of the Noldor]] Glorfindel’s history is obscure. As a great follower of Turgon he was appointed chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim|Twelve Houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. He was dearly loved by all the [[Gondolindrim]], and went about in a mantle embroidered in threads of gold, diapered with celandine “as a field in spring”. His vambraces were [[Uncommon words#damask|damascened]] with "cunning gold".

[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'', as drawn by [[Jenny Dolfen]].]]He witnessed the coming of [[Tuor]] and later the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. During the ensuing battle in the streets, Glorfindel chose (or was ordered to) hold the [[Great Market]] from the advancing [[orcs]]. He attempted to flank them, taking the enemy by surprise, but was himself ambushed and surrounded. Cut off, the House of the Golden Flower fought on fiercely for hours, until a fire-breathing [[Dragons|dragon]] came and leveled their ranks. Glorfindel with some of the strongest of his followers cut his way out, but the survivors of that battle were very few. Even then they were pursued and might have all been killed, but the [[House of the Harp]] arrived in time, ambushing their pursuers, after rebelling from their treacherous leader [[Salgant]]. The Golden Flower arrived at the [[Square of the King]], one of the last of the Houses to be driven in.

As many of the lords had fallen, [[Ecthelion of the Fountain|Ecthelion]] was wounded, [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]] was engaged, and [[Egalmoth of the Heavenly Arch|Egalmoth]] had not yet arrived, Glorfindel joined Tuor in leading the defense of the King’s Square. When Egalmoth arrived, bringing with him many women and children, he took over Glorfindel’s job in going from place to place, strengthening the defenses. Glorfindel presumably threw himself once more into the thick of the fight. But even he could not prevent a dragon from coming down from the [[Alley of Roses]], breaking through their lines. The dragon was accompanied by orcs and balrogs, among them [[Gothmog (Lord of Balrogs)|Gothmog]]. Even Tuor was thrown down, but Ecthelion sacrificed himself to kill Gothmog and buy the Gondolindrim a little more time. When the Gondolindrim fled southward, and Turgon King was slain, Glorfindel held the rear manfully, losing many more of his House in the process. After they had escaped Gondolin via [[Idril's Secret Way]], and passed through the [[Cirith Thoronath]], Glorfindel again held the rear with the largest number of the unwounded.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]It was at that time that a balrog and a contingent of orcs ambushed their company. Glorfindel there accomplished his greatest deed, for he saved the lives of Tuor, [[Idril]], and all the company when he defied the balrog. They fought long. According to ''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]'' Glorfindel stabbed it in the belly, but as the balrog fell it reached out and grabbed his long golden hair, pulling him back down over the edge of the cliff. He perished in the fall, but his body was borne up by [[Thorondor]], and buried him with a mound of stones in the pass. On that mound grew yellow flowers (possibly celandine), despite its remote location.

===Re-embodiment and Return===

Glorfindel’s spirit passed to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where he waited with the spirits of the other Noldor who had died during their war against [[Morgoth]]. But because of Glorfindel’s noble actions in life, his reluctance at the Exile, and his furthering of the purposes of the Valar by saving Tuor and Idril, he was re-embodied after only a short time. He had redeemed himself, and was purged of any guilt. Not only did his sacrifice get him an early pardon, it earned him great powers, so that he was almost an equal to the maiar.

Glorfindel spent several hundred years in Valinor, during which time he became a friend and follower of the [[Maia]] [[Gandalf|Olórin]]. Eventually, [[Manwë]] sent him across the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Middle-earth]], possibly as early as [[Second Age 1200]], but more likely in [[Second Age 1600|1600]] with the [[Blue Wizards]]. If the latter date, he arrived just after [[the One Ring]] had been forged, [[Barad-dûr]] built, and [[Celebrimbor]] dead or soon to be so. While the Blue Wizards were sent to the east, Glorfindel’s mission was to aid [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] in the struggle against [[Sauron]]. He played a prominent behind-the-scenes role in the war in [[Eriador]] and the other struggles of the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]]. His part, though great, was mostly overlooked by the histories, because his immense, angelic power was not usually displayed openly.

===Third Age===

[[Image:Anna Lee - Glorfindel.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel'' by [[Anna Lee]].]] Glorfindel greeted his friend [[Gandalf|Olórin]] (to be known as [[Gandalf]]) in [[Mithlond]] in [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the Third Age, who was on a similar mission to his own. As the great Elves of Middle-earth fell one by one, only [[Galadriel]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elrond]], and [[Círdan]] were left of the Wise. Glorfindel took a more active role, leading the Elven forces in the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Upon the humiliation of [[Eärnur]] before the [[Witch-king]], Glorfindel bade him not pursue, and prophesied that the wraith would not fall by the hand of man.

His next appearance in the histories was during the pre-[[War of the Ring]] struggles, after [[the One Ring]] had been brought into the light once more. He was one of the elves dispatched from [[Rivendell]] by Elrond to search for the [[Ring-bearer]]. Elrond had chosen him partially because Glorfindel did not fear the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], as he had great presence in both the [[Seen]] and [[Unseen]] worlds. While on his perilous mission the Ringwraiths avoided him; he met five of them, and they fled at his presence. It was Glorfindel indeed who accomplished his mission and found the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and his friend [[Aragorn]] with him. Glorfindel put Frodo on his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and upon the approach of the Ringwraiths ordered him to go on. The white horse bore Frodo to safety across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, in a rash act of attempted heroism, turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. Glorfindel, expecting the flood that protected Rivendell to come down and smite the riders, revealed his power to the Riders, and drove them (willingly or not) into the River, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.

[[Image:Hope Hoover - Glorfindel in Battle.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Glorfindel in Battle'' as drawn by [[Hope Hoover]].]]After this adventure, he helped bear Frodo to Rivendell, where the wounded Ringbearer was tended to. Glorfindel attended the [[Council of Elrond]], playing an active role in the conversation, speaking prophetically of [[Tom Bombadil]] and other matters with authority. Glorfindel stood beside Elrond and Gandalf as the backbone of the Council, laying out clearly their options. At first Glorfindel suggested that the Ring would be safe in the depths of the Sea, but the far-sighted Gandalf noted the change of landscapes, and the unforeseen possibilities that could bring the Ring forth once more in a hundred or even a thousand years in the future. In a hasty note Tolkien suggested that Glorfindel could tell of his ancestry in Gondolin, but this idea was disbanded. He was briefly considered as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], but as his friend Gandalf said, Glorfindel's power would be of little use against the might of [[Mordor]], on a mission of secrecy.

During the [[War of the Ring]] nothing is said of Glorfindel. Doubtless he played as strong a role as he had in previous campaigns. It is possible that he went to [[Lothlórien]] and fought actively in the [[Rhovanion Campaign (WotR)|war of Rhovanion]], perhaps even aiding Celeborn in the [[Fall of Dol Guldur]]. Whatever his role, his next mention in the texts is the [[Wedding of Elessar]], to which he came from the north with Galadriel and Elrond. After that no more is said of him. Like Olórin, his task in Middle-earth was done, and the age of the [[Elves]] was over. He probably passed West, perhaps with the bearers of the [[Three Rings]] and [[the One Ring]]. Or he may have remained for a time in Middle-earth to oversee the cleanup after the war. It may even be speculated that he waited for the Blue Wizards, who were active in the east against Sauron, and departed with them even as he came.

==Earlier Versions of the Legendarium==

Glorfindel was originally planned to be part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], in a way taking the place of [[Legolas]]. Tolkien proposed three dates as to his return to Middle-earth: [[Third Age 1000|T.A. 1000]], with [[Gandalf]], [[Second Age 1200|S.A. 1200]] and the years following, or [[Second Age 1600|S.A. 1600]]. He dropped the first one after some thought, and though he declared the second possible, he favored the last as the most probable.

==Attributes==

Glorfindel was an elf of great beauty, power, wisdom, and moral courage. He was clearly loved by the people of [[Gondolin]], who mourned his passing greatly. He acted most courageously during the Fall, his House being among those that suffered the greatest losses, and eventually giving his own life for the safety of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], accomplishing the designs of the Valar, though it was said that he "''would have defended them even had they been fugitives of any rank''". He was repentant of the rebellion of the Noldor, and took no part in the Kinslaying. His acts in the Third Age also show great presence and authority, as does the very fact that he was sent as an emissary of the Valar.

==Controversy==

Some have questioned whether Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same. Tolkien may simply have borrowed a name from his earlier [[legendarium]], something he was known to do. ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', published posthumously, cast some light on this issue. Among the ''[[Last Writings]]'' published in that volume, there are two long essays, ''Glorfindel I'' and ''Glorfindel II''. These were written later in life by Tolkien, and directly addressed whether the two Glorfindels were the same person. Both essays clearly indicated that they were the same person, and included a detailed discussion of 're-embodiment' in Tolkien's mythology.

{{quote|. . . At any rate what at first sight may seem the simplest solution must be abandoned: sc. that we have merely a reduplication of names, and that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were different persons. This repetition of so striking a name, though possible, would not be credible… Also it may be found that acceptance of the identity of Glorfindel of old and of the Third Age will actually explain what is said of him and improve the story. . .|''[[Last Writings]]'', Glorfindel II}}

{{quote|. . . After his purging of any guilt that he had incurred in the rebellion, he was released from Mandos, and Manwë restored him… We may then best suppose that Glorfindel returned during the Second Age, before the ‘shadow’ fell on [[Númenor]]. . .|Ibid.}}

As Tolkien's legendarium was an evolving work that he constantly updated and revised, there will always be some question of "final intent". Some may note that the above-quoted essays were private and not ever published, and thus should not be taken as decisive. Nevertheless the editors of the Tolkien Gateway believe that these essays, combined with Tolkien's published novels, clearly establish that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same person.

==Etymology==
''Glorfindel'' is the [[Sindarin]] calque of '''[[Laurefindil]]'''<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}, page 17.</ref> ([[Quenya|Q]]: "golden head of hair", pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈfindil]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈɸindil]}}), which is made up of two components; ''[[laure]]'' means "golden color" and ''[[findil]]'' or ''[[findilë]]'' means "head of hair". The name is in reference to Glorfindel's golden hair, hinting to a possible [[Vanyar]]in heritage. As a prince of the [[Noldor]], it is highly probable that Glorfindel is descended from any one of the children born to [[Finwë]] by the Vanya [[Indis]]. [[Finarfin]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]] and [[Idril]] were also Noldorin descendants of Vanyarin intermarriage who inherited the same trademark golden hair to varying degrees.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
<gallery>
File:Glorfindel viv lotr.JPG|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:BFME2 - Glorfindel.jpg|[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth II]].
File:Glorfindel in LOTRO.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

Glorfindel is rarely portrayed like in the book. His role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is too small to be introduced and forgotten - he basically does little else beyond providing fast transport to Rivendell. In the more popular works, his role has been filled by another Elf.

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:In this adaptation, the role of Glorfindel was taken by [[Legolas]]. In a simplification of that character, and as a reason for ''his'' coming, he is portrayed as an Elf of Rivendell rather than [[Mirkwood]].

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Glorfindel appears in his original role at the Last Bridge, voiced by [[John Webb]]. Because the part of [[Gildor Inglorion]] was cut, the heavily wounded Frodo says the [[Quenya]] greeting ''Elen síla lúmenn' omientielvo'' to him, and Glorfindel replies with Gildor's answer. Glorfindel keeps his two [[Sindarin]] lines, ''A na vedui, Dúnadan!'' and ''Noro lim, noro lim, Asfatloth!'', though he says them with a heavy English accent. His name is pronounced correctly in the adaptation, but in the credits, his name is pronounced "Glorfindle".

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:To limit the already large number of one-appearance characters, Glorfindel has been omitted in this adaptation as well. [[Peter Jackson]] decided, to have [[Arwen]] meet the travelers and then ride on [[Asfaloth]].

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Glorfindel appears on the Last Bridge. He has several Sindarin lines: ''A na vedui, Dúnadan'', like in the book, and ''Mae govannen, mellon'' (which Frodo accurately translates as "Well met, friend"). He comes to the aid of the hobbits at the request of Elrond, who had received news from [[Gildor Inglorion|a group of Elves travelling near the Shire]] - even though there is no mention of that group earlier in the gameplay. Glorfindel does so in a monotonous voice, and his speech continues without pause. He also uses the lines ''Noro lim, Asfaloth'', though he does not say them to his horse: he says them to Frodo. No actor is specified for this part.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:[[Decipher]] made two [[Decipher Card|card]] featuring extra [[Jarl Benzon]] as Glorfindel, one of them being at the [[Coronation of Elessar]].

'''2006: ''[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Glorfindel played an important part in this video game, set during the [[War of the Ring]]. Together with [[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]] of [[Erebor]], Glorfindel fights in several places in northern [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion (Region)|Rhovanion]]. He is voiced by [[Jason Carter]], and portrayed as white haired. His design was changed to a more movie-accurate version in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. He serves as narrator throughout, and appears in the story itself after the death of [[Arvedui]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Glorfindel can be found in Rivendell just south of the [[Last Homely House]]. He has long blonde hair and wears a white robe with purple belt. He is involved in some of the book quests for ''Shadows of Angmar''. The player also talks to him after defeating the balrog Thaurlach.

==Collectibles==
[[Gentle Giant]] produced a ''Glorfindel Mini Bust'' for [[Comic-Con 2007]], based on Glorfindel's appearance in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|EA's ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'']].

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Glorfindel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/glorfindel]]
[[fi:Glorfindel]]
[[fa:گلورفیندل]]
{{references}}

Sancho Proudfoot

2011-12-28T11:46:30Z

Icarus:

{{hobbit
| image=[[Image:Sancho Proudfoot.png|250px]]
| name=Sancho Proudfoot
| othernames=
| birth=[[Third Age 2990]]
| death=
| parentage=[[Olo Proudfoot]]
| location=[[the Shire]]
| gender=Male
| hair=
|}}

'''Sancho Proudfoot''' (b. [[Third Age 2990]]<ref name="AppC">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[Appendix C]]'', "Baggins of Hobbiton"</ref>) was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].

==History==
At the age of eleven, Sancho was present at the [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]] of his uncle [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], along with his father [[Olo Proudfoot|Olo]] and grandfather [[Odo Proudfoot|Odo]].<ref name="AppC"/> The day after, on [[23 September|September 23]], [[Third Age 3001|T.A. 3001]], he went to [[Bag End]] to seek for a treasure he heard rumours about. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] could just stop him, but not after Sancho had already started excavating the pantry, where he thought he heard an echo.<ref name="Party">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[A Long-expected Party]]"</ref>

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:A young Hobbit named Sancho Proudfoot - or, the "dread highwayman Sancho Proudfoot ", as he prefers to call himself - causes quite some mischief in Hobbiton and [[Bywater]]. Several of the early missions the player - as Frodo - has to do involve solving problems caused by Sancho, such as retrieving a metal pin of the [[Old Mill|Hobbiton Mill]] and [[Old Noakes]]' medicinal herbs.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]'', levels "Hobbiton" and "Bywater"</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Proudfoot]]

Sandyman

2011-12-28T11:46:15Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

{{hobbit
| image=
| name=Sandyman
| othernames=
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]
| death=
| parentage=
| location=[[Hobbiton]]
| gender=Male
| hair=
|}}
'''Sandyman''' was the miller of [[Hobbiton]].
__NOTOC__
==History==
Sandyman owned and ran the [[Old Mill]] in [[Hobbiton]] around {{SR|1401}} and well before.<ref>{{RK|Scouring}}</ref> [[Gaffer Gamgee|The Gaffer]] was not very fond of Sandyman, or his habits of telling tall tales and having quick judgment of others.<ref>{{FR|Party}}</ref>

Some time before the [[War of the Ring]], Sandyman died and passed his mill on to his son [[Ted Sandyman|Ted]].

==Inspiration==
Possibly the miller at [[Sarehole]] Mill, Warwickshire, England

{{quote|I never liked the looks of the Young miller, but his father, the Old miller, had a black beard, and he was not named Sandyman.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref>{{FR|Foreword}}</ref>}}

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'':'''
:He is given the full name '''Carl Sandyman''', and is the mischievous son of the current miller. He his his father's hammer and nails. [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] has to retrieve them before the bridge over the Water can be repaired.

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Sandyman]]

File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Farmer Maggot.png

2011-12-28T11:35:37Z

Icarus:

Farmer Maggot

2011-12-28T11:34:41Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

{{hobbit
| image=[[Image:Brothers Hildebrandt - Farmer Maggot's Hospitality.jpg|250px]]
| name="Farmer" Maggot
| othernames=
| birth=
| death=
| parentage=
| location=[[Bamfurlong]]
| gender=Male
| hair=Probably brown
|}}
'''Farmer Maggot''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who lived in [[Bamfurlong]] in the [[Eastfarthing]] of [[the Shire]]. He farmed in the [[Marish]], close to the Shire's borders. Like many Hobbits of the borderlands he lived above ground, as opposed to a [[Hobbit-holes|Hobbit-hole]].<ref name="mushroom">{{FR|I4}}</ref>

==History==
Maggot was very cautious for a Hobbit and kept three large dogs to protect him: [[Fang (dog)|Fang]], [[Grip]], and [[Wolf (dog)|Wolf]]. Because [[Frodo Baggins]], while he lived in [[Brandy Hall]], used to steal [[mushrooms]] from him, Maggot once beat him and terrified him with his dogs.<ref name="mushroom"/>

Farmer Maggot was familiar with [[Tom Bombadil]] and friendly to all [[Brandybuck Family|Brandybucks]].<ref>{{FR|I7}}</ref>

On [[25 September|September 25]] of [[Third Age 3018]], Maggot was approached by a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]] who asked him about the name ''[[Baggins Family|Baggins]]''. Maggot told him that the Bagginses were in [[Hobbiton]]. The rider told him that this Baggins left Hobbiton and that he would reward him with gold if he informed him the next time he came. Maggot however, despite the chill this stranger cause to him, was enraged for the trespass, and threatened him with his dogs. The rider hissed, and left like thunder.

Before entering [[Buckland]], Frodo, [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] had a stop from his farm. Although Frodo was afraid of him, he met his true personality. [[Mrs. Maggot]] served them mugs of beer, and Maggot said the story about the stranger and offered his hospitality for the night. Frodo understood how likable he is in person and felt sorry that he missed a friend for so many years. Since the Hobbits were hasty, Maggot offered them to transport them with his wagon up to the [[Bucklebury Ferry]].

In the night they saw [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] looking for them. After they reached their destination, Maggot went back, not before giving him a gift from Mrs Maggot, a pack of mushrooms.<ref name="mushroom"/>
==Etymology==
Tolkien says that the name "Maggot" is a [[Hobbitish]] name whose meaning is lost in history. ''Maggot'' should not be understood as the English word [[Wikipedia:maggot|maggot]] or larva. The similarity is coincidental.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==

<center><gallery>
File:Farmer Maggot in Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:Farmer Maggot in LOTRO.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery></center>

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Cameron Rhodes]] portrays Farmer Maggot in a short appearance.

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Farmer Maggot|Images of Farmer Maggot]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Maggot]]
[[de:Maggot]]
[[fi:Magot]]

File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Farmer Maggot.png

2011-12-28T11:28:41Z

Icarus:

Farmer Maggot

2011-12-28T11:27:49Z

Icarus:

{{hobbit
| image=[[Image:Brothers Hildebrandt - Farmer Maggot's Hospitality.jpg|250px]]
| name="Farmer" Maggot
| othernames=
| birth=
| death=
| parentage=
| location=[[Bamfurlong]]
| gender=Male
| hair=Probably brown
|}}
'''Farmer Maggot''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who lived in [[Bamfurlong]] in the [[Eastfarthing]] of [[the Shire]]. He farmed in the [[Marish]], close to the Shire's borders. Like many Hobbits of the borderlands he lived above ground, as opposed to a [[Hobbit-holes|Hobbit-hole]].<ref name="mushroom">{{FR|I4}}</ref>

==History==
Maggot was very cautious for a Hobbit and kept three large dogs to protect him: [[Fang (dog)|Fang]], [[Grip]], and [[Wolf (dog)|Wolf]]. Because [[Frodo Baggins]], while he lived in [[Brandy Hall]], used to steal [[mushrooms]] from him, Maggot once beat him and terrified him with his dogs.<ref name="mushroom"/>

Farmer Maggot was familiar with [[Tom Bombadil]] and friendly to all [[Brandybuck Family|Brandybucks]].<ref>{{FR|I7}}</ref>

On [[25 September|September 25]] of [[Third Age 3018]], Maggot was approached by a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]] who asked him about the name ''[[Baggins Family|Baggins]]''. Maggot told him that the Bagginses were in [[Hobbiton]]. The rider told him that this Baggins left Hobbiton and that he would reward him with gold if he informed him the next time he came. Maggot however, despite the chill this stranger cause to him, was enraged for the trespass, and threatened him with his dogs. The rider hissed, and left like thunder.

Before entering [[Buckland]], Frodo, [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] had a stop from his farm. Although Frodo was afraid of him, he met his true personality. [[Mrs. Maggot]] served them mugs of beer, and Maggot said the story about the stranger and offered his hospitality for the night. Frodo understood how likable he is in person and felt sorry that he missed a friend for so many years. Since the Hobbits were hasty, Maggot offered them to transport them with his wagon up to the [[Bucklebury Ferry]].

In the night they saw [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] looking for them. After they reached their destination, Maggot went back, not before giving him a gift from Mrs Maggot, a pack of mushrooms.<ref name="mushroom"/>
==Etymology==
Tolkien says that the name "Maggot" is a [[Hobbitish]] name whose meaning is lost in history. ''Maggot'' should not be understood as the English word [[Wikipedia:maggot|maggot]] or larva. The similarity is coincidental.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==

<center><gallery>
File:Farmer Maggot in Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring.png|Farmer Maggot in [[Peter Jackson]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
</gallery></center>

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Cameron Rhodes]] portrays Farmer Maggot in a short appearance.

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Farmer Maggot|Images of Farmer Maggot]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Maggot]]
[[de:Maggot]]
[[fi:Magot]]

Frodo Baggins

2011-12-19T05:59:55Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

{{expansion}}
{{disambig-two|the Ring-bearer|the son of [[Samwise Gamgee]]|[[Frodo Gardner]]}}
{{Hobbit
| image = [[Image:Natalia Volodeva - Frodo Baggins.jpg|250px]]
| name = Frodo Baggins
| othernames = See ''[[#Names|Names]]'' below
| birth = [[22 September|September 22]], [[Third Age 2968|T.A. 2968]]
| death = Date unknown, [[Valinor]]
| parentage = [[Drogo Baggins]] and [[Primula Brandybuck]]
| location=[[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]], [[Valinor]]
| race = [[Hobbits]]
| gender = Male
| height =Taller than most Hobbits
| hair = Brown
}}
'''Frodo Baggins''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of the [[Third Age]], the most famous of all Hobbits in the histories for his leading role in the [[Quest of the Ring]]. During this epic quest, he bore [[the One Ring]] to [[Mount Doom]] and there destroyed it, giving him renown like no other [[Hobbits|Halfling]] throughout [[Middle-earth]]. He is also peculiar for being, as a [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]], one of the three Hobbits who sailed from Middle-earth to [[Aman]], there to die in peace.

==History==
''Main Article: [[History of Frodo Baggins]]''

Frodo was born to [[Drogo Baggins]] and [[Primula Brandybuck]] on September 22nd, [[Third Age 2968]]. He spent much of his youth at [[Brandy Hall]] in [[Buckland]], the home of his mother's family. He was considered something of a rascal, particularly by [[Farmer Maggot]] from whom Frodo stole mushrooms. In 2980, when Frodo was only twelve years old, he lost both his parents who took a boat out onto the [[Brandywine River]] and drowned. With no siblings, Frodo was taken in by the [[Brandybuck Family|Brandybucks]] to live at [[Brandy Hall]] until his cousin, [[Bilbo Baggins]], adopted him and made Frodo his heir.

===War of the Ring===
[[Image:Rob Alexander - Lure of Expedience.jpg|thumb|left|275px|''Lure of Expedience'' by [[Rob Alexander]].]]Frodo was entrusted with the keeping of [[the One Ring]] when Bilbo left for [[Rivendell]] after the [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|celebration]] of his 111th birthday. [[Gandalf]] warned Frodo that the Ring must never be used and should be kept secret. (At the time, he was not yet certain that it was a [[Rings of Power|Ring of Power]].) Frodo kept the Ring hidden for seventeen years, until T.A. 3018, when Gandalf returned to confirm that it was indeed [[the One Ring]]. Gandalf sent him away with [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam Gamgee]], who was Frodo's gardener and eventually his dearest friend. Frodo pretended to go live at a new house at Crickhollow, to make his going away seem more legitimate. It was there that his friends Peregrin Took (also called Pippin) and Meriadoc Brandybuck (also called Merry) forced Frodo to allow them to go along with him. The hobbits went into the Old Forest, where they got lost. However, a man named Tom Bombadil rescued them and brought them to his son, later sending them along the right road again. The hobbits made it to Bree, where they met a man named [[Aragorn|Strider]], who seemed to know more about the danger they were in then they did themselves. The Ringwraiths, servants of the Dark Lord Sauron, caught up with the group at Weathertop, where Frodo was stabbed by a Morgul blade. Frodo almost faded and became a servant of the Dark Lord, but he was brought to [[Rivendell|House of Elrond]], Elrond healed him. There, at Elrond's Council, it was decided that the Ring must be destroyed by casting it into the [[Crack of Doom]]. A [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]] was formed to protect Frodo as the [[Ring-bearer]]. His quest to destroy the Ring forms a large portion of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Eventually, he succeeded in reaching [[Orodruin]], where, at the last moment, he attempted to claim the Ring, whose power had grown too great for him. However, at that moment he was attacked by [[Gollum]], who seized the Ring and then fell into the fire with it, thus destroying the Ring.

Two years after the destruction of the Ring, still troubled by the wounds he received during the War of the Ring, Frodo and Bilbo as Ring-bearers were given the right to travel to [[Valinor]] where, though remaining mortal, they might rest and be healed, together with [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]]. They boarded a ship from the [[Grey Havens]] and passed over the sea on September 29, T.A. 3021. Having no children of his own, Frodo left his estate and passed on the [[Red Book of Westmarch|Red Book]] to [[Samwise Gamgee]] who followed Frodo across the sea 61 years later, following the death of his wife [[Rose Cotton|Rose (nee) Cotton]].

== Frodo's Struggles ==
[[Image:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Corruption.jpg|thumb|''Corruption'' by [[Olanda Fong-Surdenas]].]]
Notably, Frodo Baggins never actually killed anything in the course of his Quest. He did, however, stand up to fight against some formidable adversaries. He foolishly attempted to fight the [[Nazgûl]] at [[Weathertop]], and he stabbed a [[troll]] in the foot in [[Moria]] to keep it from forcing open a door.

Frodo was wounded several times in his Quest. The first came when he tried to fight the Nazgul at Weathertop and was stabbed with a [[Morgul blade]]. He was later knocked out by an orc's thrown spear in Moria, but the [[mithril]] armor [[Bilbo Baggins]] had given him saved his life. He was poisoned by [[Shelob]] in the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]] and later questioned (and whipped) by orcs in the tower. Finally, [[Gollum]] bit off his finger to obtain [[the One Ring]] as they struggled inside [[Mount Doom]].

==Description and Equipment==
Frodo's only real description is Gandalf's, and he is declared a "stout fellow with red cheeks." He was a tall hobbit, and fairer than most of his kind, with a cleft chin, a bright eye, and a perky personality.

Frodo carried a small Elven sword (actually a dagger) called [[Sting]] and wore a coat of Dwarven chainmail made of [[Mithril]] under his clothes, both given to him by Bilbo. At [[Lothlórien]], [[Galadriel]] gave him an Elven cloak that blends him in with the natural surroundings and a phial carrying the light of the star [[Eärendil]] to aid him on his quest.

Before Frodo went back to the Shire (after the Quest of the Ring was completed), Arwen Evenstar, wife of Aragorn and daughter of Elrond, gave Frodo a white stone to wear around his neck.

==Etymology and Translations==
[[Image:Elizabeth Wyeth - Frodo's Journal.jpg|thumb|left|''Frodo's Journal'' by Elizabeth Wyeth.]]
The name ''Frodo Baggins'' is an English translation of his [[Westron]] name '''[[Maura]] [[Baggins Family|Labingi]]'''. The name ''Maura'' has the element ''maur-'' (wise, experienced), which Tolkien equivalated to the Germanic element ''frod-'' of the same meaning. Frodo's name in [[Sindarin]] was '''''[[Iorhael]]''''' ("old-wise") although in some instance he is mentioned as '''Daur''' (probably [[lenition|lenited]] form of ''[[taur]]'').

In the German translation he is called ''Frodo Beutlin'', in Spanish, ''Frodo Bolsón'', in French, ''Frodon Sacquet'', in Norwegian, ''Frodo Lommelun'', in Danish, ''Frodo Sækker'', in Faroese, ''Fróði Pjøkin'' in Finnish, ''Frodo Reppuli'' and in Dutch, ''Frodo Balings''. In one of three Polish translations he is called ''Frodo Bagosz'', but he keeps his original name in the other two.
===Names and epithets===
* Frodo Baggins - ''fród'' means "wise by experience" in [[Old English]]. Baggins may have been a reference to [[Bag End]] or may come from "bagging" which means "eating between meals" in northern England.
* [[Ring-bearer]] - he bore [[the One Ring]] to [[Mount Doom]].
* [[Elf-friend]] - given to him by [[Gildor Inglorion]].
* [[Mr. Underhill]] - used during his stay in the [[Prancing Pony]] to conceal his identity.
* [[The Halfling]] - a name used for him from [[Boromir]]'s dream.
* [[Master]] - given to Frodo by both [[Samwise Gamgee]] as Sam was his gardener, and [[Gollum]], as Frodo was the Master of the Precious.
* Nine-fingered Frodo\Frodo of the Nine Fingers - given to Frodo after Gollum bit off his finger.
* Deputy Mayor of [[Michel Delving]] - he was the Deputy from November 3019 through Mid-Year's Day in 3020
* [[Taur|Daur]] - which translates to "noble" and was given to Frodo at the [[Field of Cormallen]].
* [[Iorhael]] - the [[Sindarin]] name for Frodo which comes from [[ior]] meaning "old" and [[hael]] meaning "wise,"
* [[Maura]] [[Baggins Family|Labingi]] - the Hobbit name for Frodo.

* [[Bingo Baggins]] - Frodo's name in the early drafts of [[The Lord of the Rings]].
* Bronwe athan Harthad - a name given to Frodo by Gandalf in an early version of [[The Lord of the Rings]], revealed in [[The History of Middle-earth]]. It means "Endurance beyond Hope".

==The Line of Frodo==

[[Balbo Baggins]] = [[Berylla Baggins|Berylla Boffin]]
|
------------------------
| |
[[Mungo Baggins|Mungo]] [[Largo Baggins]] = [[Tanta Hornblower]]
(grandfather of Bilbo) |
[[Fosco Baggins|Fosco]] = [[Ruby Bolger]]
|
--------------------------------------------
| | |
[[Dora Baggins|Dora]] [[Drogo Baggins|Drogo]] = [[Primula Brandybuck]] [[Dudo Baggins|Dudo]]
| |
'''Frodo''' [[Daisy Baggins|Daisy]] = [[Griffo Boffin]]

==Portrayal in Adaptations ==
<center><gallery>
Image:Frodo.png|Frodo in ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]''
Image:Frodo Rankin Bass.png|Frodo in ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]''
Image:Frodo Elijah Wood.png|Frodo in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''
Image:Frodo One Ring viv lotr.JPG|Frodo in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]''
Image:Lego LOTR logo.png|Frodo as a ''[[Lego]]'' minifigure
</gallery></center>
'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:[[Oliver Burt]] provided the voice of Frodo.
'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:Frodo was voiced by [[Christopher Guard]]. [[Sharon Baird]] was the model for Frodo in the live-action recordings Bakshi used for rotoscoping.

'''1979: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|Mind's Eye's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The voice of Frodo is provided by [[James Arrington]].

'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'':'''
:Frodo was voiced by [[Orson Bean]], who had previously played Bilbo in ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]''.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Frodo is voiced by [[Ian Holm]].

'''1992: ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|BBC Radio's Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'':'''
:In two episodes telling of the meeting of Frodo and [[Tom Bombadil]], [[Nigel Planer]] provided the voice of Frodo.

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Frodo is played by [[Elijah Wood]]. He is portrayed as slightly younger than his character in the book.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Frodo is one of the player characters. He is voiced by [[Steve Staley]].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Frodo Baggins|Images of Frodo Baggins]]
*[[Timeline of Frodo Baggins]]
{{sequence
|prev=[[Bilbo Baggins]]
|next=[[Samwise Gamgee]]
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] [[22 September|September 22]], [[Third Age 3001|T.A. 3001]] - [[13 March|March 13]], [[Third Age 3019|3019]]}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Samwise Gamgee]]
|next=[[Gollum]]
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] [[14 March|March 14]], 3019 - [[25 March|March 25]], 3019}}{{fellowship}}

[[Category:Baggins]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]

[[de:Frodo Beutlin]]
[[fa:فرودو بگینز]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:sacquet:frodo_sacquet]]
[[fi:Frodo Reppuli]]

The Hobbit (film series)

2011-12-10T10:57:17Z

Icarus: He was "promoted".

{{currentevent}}
{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}{{film infobox
| image= [[File:The Hobbit films logo.png|250px]]
| name=The Hobbit
| director=
| producer=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="hobbitnames">[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563 Title and Release Dates Announced - The Hobbit Blog | The Hobbit Blog]</ref> [[Fran Walsh]]<ref name="hobbitnames"/> [[Carolynne Cunningham]]<ref name="hobbitnames"/>
| writer=[[Guillermo del Toro]] [[Peter Jackson]] [[Fran Walsh]] [[Philippa Boyens]]<ref name="mtv1">[http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1596511/story.jhtml Guillermo Del Toro Says 'Hobbit' Writing Team Has Chemistry]. ''MTV Movie News'' (7 October 2008). Accessed [[11 October|October 11]], [[2008]].</ref>
| narrator=
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]] [[Richard Armitage]] [[Graham McTavish]]
| music=[[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography=
| editing=
| distributor=[[MGM]] [[New Line Cinema]]
| released='''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey:''' December 14, 2012<ref name="hobbitnames"/> '''The Hobbit: There and Back Again:''' December 13, 2013<ref name="hobbitnames"/>
| runtime=
| country=New Zealand United States United Kingdom
| language=English
| budget=US$500 million
| website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ Official Blog]
| imdb_id=0903624
}}'''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'''<ref name="hobbitnames"/> and '''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'''<ref name="hobbitnames"/>, simply collectively known as just '''The Hobbit''', are two upcoming live-action films based upon [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien's]] [[The Hobbit|novel of the same name]]. They are conceived as prequels to [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]] with which they will form one "continuous journey".<ref name="mtv2">[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/10/07/hobbit-films-will-be-one-continuous-journey-promises-guillermo-del-toro/ 'Hobbit' Movies Will be One 'Continuous Journey,' Promises Guillermo Del Toro]. ''MTV Movies Blog'' (7 October 2008). Accessed [[11 October|October 11]], [[2008]]</ref> The film will be distributed by [[MGM]] and [[New Line Cinema]]. [[Peter Jackson]] will serve as executive producer, co-writer and director for the two films. Filming began on [[21 March]], [[2011]].<ref>[http://www.inthenews.co.uk/news/entertainment/film/hobbit-filming-to-begin-in-march-$21385473.htm Hobbit filming to begin in March]</ref>

==Plot==
The Hobbit films are set to be released in December 2012 and 2013, they will cover the events in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and possibly [[Gandalf]]'s visits to [[Dol Guldur]]. The main plot however will be of [[Bilbo Baggins]], Gandalf and [[Thorin and Company]] as they set forth to the [[Lonely Mountain]].

=="Film Two"==
Film Two has been recently revealed in an interview with Del Toro and Jackson, to be a continuation of ''The Hobbit''. The interview which was included in Empire magazines 20th Birthday Special, expressed how the pair believed it would be better not to cram ''The Hobbit'' into one movie, but span it over two.

{{quote|We've decided to have The Hobbit span the two movies, including the White Council and the comings and goings of [[Gandalf]] to [[Dol Guldur]]|[[Guillermo Del Toro]]<ref name="EOnline">Chris Hewitt, "[http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=24610 World Excl: Jackson/Del Toro Talk Hobbit]", ''[http://www.empireonline.com/ EmpireOnline.com]'', [[17 April|April 17]], [[2009]]</ref>}}

This interview goes with what Jackson and Del Toro said in a web chat with fans, when it was said that the story could take place during the events of the Hobbit; because of the fact that [[Gandalf]] continually disappears in the book. Jackson said "Those gaps are great! There's a lot of stuff going on, which is distracting him".<ref name="Unexpected">[http://www.wetanz.com/holics/index.php?itemid=695&catid=2 Transcript of ''An Unexpected Party'']</ref>

==Issues concerning production==
===Directorship===
The Hobbit as a movie has been anticipated by many fans since the release of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]. Even before the pre-production began there had been and are still issues which could delay the production of Guillermo del Toro's The Hobbit. In early 2005 it came to the public attention that [[Peter Jackson]] was suing [[New Line Cinema]].<ref name="pj-sues">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4312463.stm Director sues over Rings profits]</ref> This cast doubt on whether or not The Hobbit would ever be made. Jackson later told fans that, due to the dispute, he would neither direct nor produce the film.<ref name="pj-sues" /> In late 2007 it was confirmed that Jackson would not direct, but ''would'' be an executive producer for two Hobbit movies.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7150644.stm Jackson to produce Hobbit movies]</ref> It was later announced that [[Guillermo del Toro]] would direct the films, and that Jackson will be an active 'executive producer' with the possibility that he would help direct some scenes if necessary.<ref name="Unexpected" />

However, on 30 May 2010 it was revealed that del Toro could no longer commit himself to direct ''The Hobbit'' films, citing the continued delays in production in his reasoning. <ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/05/30/36920-guillermo-del-toro-departs-the-hobbit/ Guillermo Del Toro departs “The Hobbit”]</ref> Peter Jackson later announced that he would direct both films. <ref name="PJ-to-Direct">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/10/15/39138-press-release-from-new-linewarner-bros-oscar-winner-peter-jackson-to-direct-%E2%80%9Cthe-hobbit%E2%80%9D-in-two-installments/ OSCAR WINNER PETER JACKSON TO DIRECT “THE HOBBIT” IN TWO INSTALLMENTS], accessed [[24 October|October 24]], [[2010]]</ref>

===Christopher Tolkien's lawsuit with Newline Cinema===
In May 2008 it was reported that [[Christopher Tolkien]] would ask "for 'one last crusade' against the film's producers in his long-running legal battle over money owed for the Lord Of The Rings movies."<ref>[http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/a96839/tolkiens-son-plans-to-stop-the-hobbit.html Tolkien's son plans to stop 'The Hobbit']</ref> On June 6, 2008, it was scheduled for him to go before a Californian judge to ask to "terminate" film rights to The Hobbit. However the dispute was later settled on 8 September 2009.<ref>http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118008242?refCatId=22</ref>

===Industrial dispute in New Zealand===
In September 2010, the production of ''The Hobbit'' films was again delayed when the International Federation of Actors issued the following order to all members of its associated unions:

{{quote|Resolved, that the International Federation of Actors urges each of its affiliates to adopt instructions to their members that no member of any FIA affiliate will agree to act in the theatrical film The Hobbit until such time as the producer has entered into a collective bargaining agreement with the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance for production in New Zeal]and providing for satisfactory terms and conditions for all performers employed on the productions.|International Federation of Actors <ref>[http://www.aftra.org/documents/100924_hobbit_factsheet.pdf FIA order to its members regarding the production of The Hobbit films.]</ref>}}

This meant that Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema considered moving the production elsewhere, possibly to eastern Europe.<ref>[http://movies.yahoo.com/feature/movie-talk-peter-jackson-running-into-union-trouble-on-the-hobbit.html Peter Jackson Running Into Union Trouble on 'The Hobbit']</ref> However, following talks with the New Zealand government, Warner Bros. decided to proceed as planned to film The Hobbit in New Zealand as originally planned. The New Zealand government subsequently passed legislation to amend their labour laws to ensure that production stayed in the country.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11649734 Hobbit legislation passed in New Zealand]</ref>

==Plot details==
===Special effects===
[[Weta Digital|Weta]] will continue their role in handling the special effects. Del Toro has stated he wishes to focus more on animatronics for the films.
{{quote|The only thing I will be pushing for more in these films that the other three are full animatronics and animatronic creatures enhanced with CGI, as opposed to CGI creatures themselves. We really want to take the state-of-the-art animatronics and take a leap ten years into the future with the technology we will develop for the creatures in the movie. We have every intention to do for animatronics and special effects what the other films did for virtual reality.|Guillermo del Toro <ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2008/04/25/28747-guillermo-del-toro-chats-with-torn-about-the-hobbit-films/#more-28747 Guillermo del Toro Chats with TORN About ‘The Hobbit’ Films!]</ref>}}

The film will be released in both 2D and 3D.<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025794?refCatId=13 'The Hobbit' pics to shoot in February], [http://www.variety.com/home/ variety.com], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref>

===Possible rating===
In an interview with the [[BBC]] Del Toro has commented on the level of horror and violence in the ''The Hobbit'', being, like Jackson, a director with a background in that genre.

{{quote|The intensity of the scenes of the Hobbit will have the intensity they had in the book when I was a kid reading them. The spiders of Mirkwood are a pretty harrowing experience and facing the great goblin in the caves is quite a thrilling moment. The [[Battle of Five Armies|Battle of the Five Armies]], the first encounter with Gollum - there are scary moments in the book. But they are already there. We are not inventing or trying to do horror for horror's sake we are trying to imbue those moments of intensity in the book into the movie.|Del Toro <ref name="BBC">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/review/8084025.stm</ref>}}

==People involved==
* Production - [[New Line Cinema]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* United States Distribution - [[Warner Brothers]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* International Distribution - [[MGM]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Director - [[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct" />
* Producers - [[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]] and [[Carolynne Cunningham]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Co-Producer - [[Philippa Boyens]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Executive Producers - [[Ken Kamins]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/> and [[Zane Weiner]]<ref name="Production Begins">
[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/03/20/42825-production-begins-in-new-zealand-on-the-hobbit-peter-jackson’s-two-film-epic-adaptation-of-j-r-r-tolkien’s-timeless-classic/#more-42825 Production Begins in New Zealand on ''The Hobbit'', Peter Jackson's Two Film Epic Adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's Timeless Classic], [http://www.theonering.net/ Theonering.net], accessed [[21 March|March 21]], [[2011]]</ref>
* Writers - Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens and Guillermo del Toro<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Director of Photography - [[Guillermo Navarro]]<ref>http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_threaded;post=212078;sb=post_latest_reply;so=ASC;guest=9426799</ref>
* Music - [[Howard Shore]]
*Second Unit Director - [[Andy Serkis]]<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/gollum-actor-andy-serkis-serve-175685 Gollum Actor Andy Serkis to Serve as Second Unit Director on 'The Hobbit' (Exclusive) - Hollywood Reporter]</ref>
*Editor - [[Jabez Olssen]]<ref name="video 4">[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=3933 ''The Hobbit'' production video #4]</ref>
*Production Designer - [[Dan Hennah]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Prosthetics Supervisor - [[Tami Lame]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Makeup and Hair Designer - [[Peter King]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Costume Designer - [[Ann Maskrey]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Art Director: Conceptual - [[Alan Lee]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Art Director: Conceptual - [[John Howe]]<ref name="video 4"/>

===Confirmed Cast===
[[Image:Hobbit Cast.jpg|right|thumb|'Bilbo' and the 'thirteen dwarves' (N.B. Rob Kazinsky has since been replaced by Dean O'Gorman to play Fíli).|400px]]
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Cate Blanchett]] || [[Galadriel]]<ref name="Blanchett">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/12/07/41135-torn-exclusive-cate-blanchett-ken-stott-sylvester-mccoy-mikael-persbrandt-join-cast-of-peter-jackson’s-“the-hobbit”/#more-41135 TORN EXCLUSIVE: CATE BLANCHETT, KEN STOTT, SYLVESTER MCCOY, MIKAEL PERSBRANDT JOIN CAST OF PETER JACKSON'S "THE HOBBIT"], TheOnering.net, accessed [[8 December|December 8]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Orlando Bloom]] || [[Legolas]]<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ/posts/10150265634081558 Ten years ago...], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[27 May|May 27]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]] <ref name="NesbittBrown"/>
|-
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || [[Smaug]], [[Sauron|Necromancer]]<ref> [http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/benedict-cumberbatch-to-voice-smaug-in-the-hobbit/ Benedict Cumberbatch To Voice Smaug in 'The Hobbit'], Deadline.com, accessed [[17 June]] [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Bard]]<ref>[http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/luke-evans-to-play-bard-in-the-hobbit/ Luke Evans To Play Bard in 'The Hobbit'], Deadline.com, accessed [[17 June|June 17]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="Deadline">[http://www.deadline.com/2010/10/peter-jackson-sets-first-names-for-the-hobbit/ Peter Jackson sets first names for The Hobbit], Deadline.com, accessed [[22 October|October 22]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Stephen Fry]] || The [[Master of Lake-town]]<ref name="Stephen Fry"/>
|-
| [[Ryan Gage]] || [[Alfrid]]<ref name="Stephen Fry">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/hobbit-casting-news/10150257180211558 Casting News for THE HOBBIT], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[20 May|May 20]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Ray Henwood]] || Old bellringer/Net mender<ref name="HenwoodKerr"/>
|-
| [[Ian Holm]] || Older [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557 One comment that...], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[22 April|April 22]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Barry Humphries]] || [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]<ref name="LillyBarry"/>
|-
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Robin Kerr]] || [[Elros (movie character)|Elros]]<ref name="HenwoodKerr">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/11/07/49761-of-laketowns-bellringer-or-net-mender-and-an-elf-named-elros/ Of Laketowns Bellringer or Net Mender and an Elf named Elros], TheOneRing.net, accessed [[7 November|November 7]], [[[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Christopher Lee]] || [[Saruman]]<ref name="lee">[http://christopherleeweb.com/story/sir-christopher-returns-hobbit Sir Christopher Returns in The Hobbit]</ref>
|-
| [[Evangeline Lilly]] || [[Tauriel]]<ref name="LillyBarry">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/the-hobbit-casting-update/10150286515141558 THE HOBBIT Casting Update], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[20 June|June 20]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast the Brown]]<ref name="nzherald" >[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10682629 Kelly: 'Sorry, Jackson is not a brat'], nzherald.co.nz, accessed [[24 October|October 24]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf]]<ref name="mckellen">[http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/index.htm Ian McKellen as Gandalf in The Hobbit]</ref>
|-
| [[Bret McKenzie]] || [[Lindir]]<ref>[http://thefilmstage.com/2011/04/04/bret-mckenzie-takes-flight-to-the-hobbit-shooting-in-48-frames-per-second/ Bret McKenzie Takes ‘Flight’ To ‘The Hobbit’; Shooting In 48 Frames-Per-Second], [http://thefilmstage.com/ TheFilmStage], accessed [[5 April|April 5]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<ref name="Production Begins"/>
|-
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<ref name="NesbittBrown">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/11/01/40005-breaking-news-james-nesbitt-is-bofur-adam-brown-is-ori/ BREAKING NEWS: James Nesbitt is Bofur & Adam Brown is Ori!], TheOnering.net, accessed [[2 November|November 2]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Dean O'Gorman]] || [[Fíli]]<ref name="PaceOGorman"/>
|-
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<ref name="PaceOGorman">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/casting-news/10150239464391558 Casting News!], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[30 April|April 30]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Mikael Persbrandt]] || [[Beorn]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Andy Serkis]] || [[Gollum]]<ref name="WoodSerkis"/>
|-
| [[Conan Stevens]] || [[Azog]]<ref name="Stephen Fry"/>
|-
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Jeffrey Thomas]] || [[Thrór]]<ref name="Production Begins"/>
|-
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Hugo Weaving]] || [[Elrond]]<ref name="Elrond">[[Ian McKellen]], [http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm THE HOBBIT, 2 Elves and another Wizard], [http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/index.htm McKellen.com], accessed [[10 May|May 10]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Elijah Wood]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="WoodSerkis">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/01/11/41633-its-really-official-now-wood-serkis-press-release/ It's Really Official Now: Wood & Serkis Press Release], TheOnering.net, accessed [[12 January|January 12]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
|}

===Unconfirmed/rumoured===
* Early reports indicated [[Lawrence Makoare]] was in talks to return,<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2009/06/22/32548-makoare-lurtz-to-meet-with-gdt/ Makoare (Lurtz) to meet with GDT], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ theonering.net], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref> but nothing has been heard of this since then.
* [[wikipedia:Dominic Keating|Dominic Keating]] has auditioned for multiple roles, but has not heard anything since.<ref>[http://www.lotsofinterviews.com/#/interview-dominic-keating-3/4547806838 Interview: Dominic Keating] p. 3, [http://www.lotsofinterviews.com/# LotsofInterviews], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[Brian Blessed]] expressed interest in a role.<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/10/31/39971-brian-blessed-in-gdts-hobbit/ Brian Blessed in GDT’s Hobbit?], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ The One Ring], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Shane Briant|Shane Briant]] auditioned for the role of "Mayor".<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/11/26/40758-british-actor-shane-briant-auditioned-for-role-of-mayor/ British Actor Shane Briant Auditioned For Role of “Mayor”], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ The One Ring], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[Bill Nighy]] was in talks for the voice of [[Smaug]].<ref>[http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/10/22/hobbit-casting-avalanche-our-bilbo-loads-of-dwarves-a-possible-voice-for-smaug/ Hobbit Casting Avalanche – Our Bilbo, Loads Of Dwarves, A Possible Voice For Smaug], [http://www.bleedingcool.com/ Bleeding Cool], [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Saoirse Ronan|Saoirse Ronan]] was in talks to play a new character called Itaril,<ref>[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2011/04/08/the-hobbit-saoirse-ronan-hanna/ 'Hanna' Star Saoirse Ronan Isn't Confirmed For 'The Hobbit,' But She'd Love To Play An Elf ], [http://moviesblog.mtv.com/ MTV], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref> but she eventually declined as she did not want to spend one year on one project.<ref>[http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/saoirse-ronans-hobbit-holiday-15151475.html Saoirse Ronan's Hobbit holiday], [http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/ BelfastTelegraph.co.uk], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=Pictures from the production of ''The Hobbit films''
|height=200
|width=250
|lines=2
|Image:Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins.jpg|[[Martin Freeman]] as [[Bilbo Baggins]] in [[Bag End]].
|Image:Hobbit Ian Mckellan Gandalf.jpg|[[Ian McKellen|Sir Ian McKellen]] as [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]
|Image:Hobbit Ian Mckellan Gandalf2.jpg|[[Gandalf]] in [[Bag End]]
|Image:Hobbit Martin Freeman and Peter Jackson.jpg|[[Martin Freeman]] and [[Peter Jackson|Sir Peter Jackson]] on the set of [[Bag End]].
|Image:Nori, Ori and Dori.jpg|[[Nori]], [[Ori]] and [[Dori]].
|Image:Oin and Gloin.jpg|[[Óin]] and [[Glóin]].
|Image:Fili and Kili.jpg|[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]].
|Image:Bombur, Bofur and Bifur.jpg|[[Bombur]], [[Bofur]] and [[Bifur]].
|Image:Balin and Dwalin.jpg|[[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]].
|Image:Richard Armitage Thorin.jpg|[[Thorin]].
}}

==See also==
* ''[[The Hobbit]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]''

{{references}}
==External links==
* '''[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com]'''
[[Category:Films]]
[[de:Der Hobbit (Film)]]
[[fi:Hobitti (2010)]]
{{films}}

The Hobbit (film series)

2011-11-13T11:27:33Z

Icarus: /* Confirmed Cast */

{{currentevent}}
{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}{{film infobox
| image= [[File:The Hobbit films logo.png|250px]]
| name=The Hobbit
| director=
| producer=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="hobbitnames">[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563 Title and Release Dates Announced - The Hobbit Blog | The Hobbit Blog]</ref> [[Fran Walsh]]<ref name="hobbitnames"/> [[Carolynne Cunningham]]<ref name="hobbitnames"/>
| writer=[[Guillermo del Toro]] [[Peter Jackson]] [[Fran Walsh]] [[Philippa Boyens]]<ref name="mtv1">[http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1596511/story.jhtml Guillermo Del Toro Says 'Hobbit' Writing Team Has Chemistry]. ''MTV Movie News'' (7 October 2008). Accessed [[11 October|October 11]], [[2008]].</ref>
| narrator=
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]] [[Richard Armitage]] [[Graham McTavish]]
| music=[[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography=
| editing=
| distributor=[[MGM]] [[New Line Cinema]]
| released='''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey:''' December 14, 2012<ref name="hobbitnames"/> '''The Hobbit: There and Back Again:''' December 13, 2013<ref name="hobbitnames"/>
| runtime=
| country=New Zealand United States United Kingdom
| language=English
| budget=US$500 million
| website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ Official Blog]
| imdb_id=0903624
}}'''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'''<ref name="hobbitnames"/> and '''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'''<ref name="hobbitnames"/>, simply collectively known as just '''The Hobbit''', are two upcoming live-action films based upon [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien's]] [[The Hobbit|novel of the same name]]. They are conceived as prequels to [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]] with which they will form one "continuous journey".<ref name="mtv2">[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/10/07/hobbit-films-will-be-one-continuous-journey-promises-guillermo-del-toro/ 'Hobbit' Movies Will be One 'Continuous Journey,' Promises Guillermo Del Toro]. ''MTV Movies Blog'' (7 October 2008). Accessed [[11 October|October 11]], [[2008]]</ref> The film will be distributed by [[MGM]] and [[New Line Cinema]]. [[Peter Jackson]] will serve as executive producer, co-writer and director for the two films. Filming began on [[21 March]], [[2011]].<ref>[http://www.inthenews.co.uk/news/entertainment/film/hobbit-filming-to-begin-in-march-$21385473.htm Hobbit filming to begin in March]</ref>

==Plot==
The Hobbit films are set to be released in December 2012 and 2013, they will cover the events in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and possibly [[Gandalf]]'s visits to [[Dol Guldur]]. The main plot however will be of [[Bilbo Baggins]], Gandalf and [[Thorin and Company]] as they set forth to the [[Lonely Mountain]].

=="Film Two"==
Film Two has been recently revealed in an interview with Del Toro and Jackson, to be a continuation of ''The Hobbit''. The interview which was included in Empire magazines 20th Birthday Special, expressed how the pair believed it would be better not to cram ''The Hobbit'' into one movie, but span it over two.

{{quote|We've decided to have The Hobbit span the two movies, including the White Council and the comings and goings of [[Gandalf]] to [[Dol Guldur]]|[[Guillermo Del Toro]]<ref name="EOnline">Chris Hewitt, "[http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=24610 World Excl: Jackson/Del Toro Talk Hobbit]", ''[http://www.empireonline.com/ EmpireOnline.com]'', [[17 April|April 17]], [[2009]]</ref>}}

This interview goes with what Jackson and Del Toro said in a web chat with fans, when it was said that the story could take place during the events of the Hobbit; because of the fact that [[Gandalf]] continually disappears in the book. Jackson said "Those gaps are great! There's a lot of stuff going on, which is distracting him".<ref name="Unexpected">[http://www.wetanz.com/holics/index.php?itemid=695&catid=2 Transcript of ''An Unexpected Party'']</ref>

==Issues concerning production==
===Directorship===
The Hobbit as a movie has been anticipated by many fans since the release of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]. Even before the pre-production began there had been and are still issues which could delay the production of Guillermo del Toro's The Hobbit. In early 2005 it came to the public attention that [[Peter Jackson]] was suing [[New Line Cinema]].<ref name="pj-sues">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4312463.stm Director sues over Rings profits]</ref> This cast doubt on whether or not The Hobbit would ever be made. Jackson later told fans that, due to the dispute, he would neither direct nor produce the film.<ref name="pj-sues" /> In late 2007 it was confirmed that Jackson would not direct, but ''would'' be an executive producer for two Hobbit movies.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7150644.stm Jackson to produce Hobbit movies]</ref> It was later announced that [[Guillermo del Toro]] would direct the films, and that Jackson will be an active 'executive producer' with the possibility that he would help direct some scenes if necessary.<ref name="Unexpected" />

However, on 30 May 2010 it was revealed that del Toro could no longer commit himself to direct ''The Hobbit'' films, citing the continued delays in production in his reasoning. <ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/05/30/36920-guillermo-del-toro-departs-the-hobbit/ Guillermo Del Toro departs “The Hobbit”]</ref> Peter Jackson later announced that he would direct both films. <ref name="PJ-to-Direct">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/10/15/39138-press-release-from-new-linewarner-bros-oscar-winner-peter-jackson-to-direct-%E2%80%9Cthe-hobbit%E2%80%9D-in-two-installments/ OSCAR WINNER PETER JACKSON TO DIRECT “THE HOBBIT” IN TWO INSTALLMENTS], accessed [[24 October|October 24]], [[2010]]</ref>

===Christopher Tolkien's lawsuit with Newline Cinema===
In May 2008 it was reported that [[Christopher Tolkien]] would ask "for 'one last crusade' against the film's producers in his long-running legal battle over money owed for the Lord Of The Rings movies."<ref>[http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/a96839/tolkiens-son-plans-to-stop-the-hobbit.html Tolkien's son plans to stop 'The Hobbit']</ref> On June 6, 2008, it was scheduled for him to go before a Californian judge to ask to "terminate" film rights to The Hobbit. However the dispute was later settled on 8 September 2009.<ref>http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118008242?refCatId=22</ref>

===Industrial dispute in New Zealand===
In September 2010, the production of ''The Hobbit'' films was again delayed when the International Federation of Actors issued the following order to all members of its associated unions:

{{quote|Resolved, that the International Federation of Actors urges each of its affiliates to adopt instructions to their members that no member of any FIA affiliate will agree to act in the theatrical film The Hobbit until such time as the producer has entered into a collective bargaining agreement with the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance for production in New Zeal]and providing for satisfactory terms and conditions for all performers employed on the productions.|International Federation of Actors <ref>[http://www.aftra.org/documents/100924_hobbit_factsheet.pdf FIA order to its members regarding the production of The Hobbit films.]</ref>}}

This meant that Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema considered moving the production elsewhere, possibly to eastern Europe.<ref>[http://movies.yahoo.com/feature/movie-talk-peter-jackson-running-into-union-trouble-on-the-hobbit.html Peter Jackson Running Into Union Trouble on 'The Hobbit']</ref> However, following talks with the New Zealand government, Warner Bros. decided to proceed as planned to film The Hobbit in New Zealand as originally planned. The New Zealand government subsequently passed legislation to amend their labour laws to ensure that production stayed in the country.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11649734 Hobbit legislation passed in New Zealand]</ref>

==Plot details==
===Special effects===
[[Weta Digital|Weta]] will continue their role in handling the special effects. Del Toro has stated he wishes to focus more on animatronics for the films.
{{quote|The only thing I will be pushing for more in these films that the other three are full animatronics and animatronic creatures enhanced with CGI, as opposed to CGI creatures themselves. We really want to take the state-of-the-art animatronics and take a leap ten years into the future with the technology we will develop for the creatures in the movie. We have every intention to do for animatronics and special effects what the other films did for virtual reality.|Guillermo del Toro <ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2008/04/25/28747-guillermo-del-toro-chats-with-torn-about-the-hobbit-films/#more-28747 Guillermo del Toro Chats with TORN About ‘The Hobbit’ Films!]</ref>}}

The film will be released in both 2D and 3D.<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025794?refCatId=13 'The Hobbit' pics to shoot in February], [http://www.variety.com/home/ variety.com], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref>

===Possible rating===
In an interview with the [[BBC]] Del Toro has commented on the level of horror and violence in the ''The Hobbit'', being, like Jackson, a director with a background in that genre.

{{quote|The intensity of the scenes of the Hobbit will have the intensity they had in the book when I was a kid reading them. The spiders of Mirkwood are a pretty harrowing experience and facing the great goblin in the caves is quite a thrilling moment. The [[Battle of Five Armies|Battle of the Five Armies]], the first encounter with Gollum - there are scary moments in the book. But they are already there. We are not inventing or trying to do horror for horror's sake we are trying to imbue those moments of intensity in the book into the movie.|Del Toro <ref name="BBC">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/review/8084025.stm</ref>}}

==People involved==
* Production - [[New Line Cinema]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* United States Distribution - [[Warner Brothers]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* International Distribution - [[MGM]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Director - [[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct" />
* Producers - [[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]] and [[Carolynne Cunningham]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Co-Producer - [[Philippa Boyens]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Executive Producers - [[Ken Kamins]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/> and [[Zane Weiner]]<ref name="Production Begins">
[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/03/20/42825-production-begins-in-new-zealand-on-the-hobbit-peter-jackson’s-two-film-epic-adaptation-of-j-r-r-tolkien’s-timeless-classic/#more-42825 Production Begins in New Zealand on ''The Hobbit'', Peter Jackson's Two Film Epic Adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's Timeless Classic], [http://www.theonering.net/ Theonering.net], accessed [[21 March|March 21]], [[2011]]</ref>
* Writers - Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens and Guillermo del Toro<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Director of Photography - [[Guillermo Navarro]]<ref>http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_threaded;post=212078;sb=post_latest_reply;so=ASC;guest=9426799</ref>
* Music - [[Howard Shore]]
*Second Unit Director - [[Andy Serkis]]<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/gollum-actor-andy-serkis-serve-175685 Gollum Actor Andy Serkis to Serve as Second Unit Director on 'The Hobbit' (Exclusive) - Hollywood Reporter]</ref>
*Editor - [[Jabez Olssen]]<ref name="video 4">[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=3933 ''The Hobbit'' production video #4]</ref>
*Production Designer - [[Dan Hennah]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Prosthetics Supervisor - [[Tami Lame]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Makeup and Hair Designer - [[Peter King]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Costume Designer - [[Ann Maskrey]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Art Director: Conceptual - [[Alan Lee]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Art Director: Conceptual - [[John Howe]]<ref name="video 4"/>

===Confirmed Cast===
[[Image:Hobbit Cast.jpg|right|thumb|'Bilbo' and the 'thirteen dwarves' (N.B. Rob Kazinsky has since been replaced by Dean O'Gorman to play Fíli).|400px]]
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Cate Blanchett]] || [[Galadriel]]<ref name="Blanchett">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/12/07/41135-torn-exclusive-cate-blanchett-ken-stott-sylvester-mccoy-mikael-persbrandt-join-cast-of-peter-jackson’s-“the-hobbit”/#more-41135 TORN EXCLUSIVE: CATE BLANCHETT, KEN STOTT, SYLVESTER MCCOY, MIKAEL PERSBRANDT JOIN CAST OF PETER JACKSON'S "THE HOBBIT"], TheOnering.net, accessed [[8 December|December 8]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Orlando Bloom]] || [[Legolas]]<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ/posts/10150265634081558 Ten years ago...], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[27 May|May 27]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]] <ref name="NesbittBrown"/>
|-
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || [[Smaug]], [[Sauron|Necromancer]]<ref> [http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/benedict-cumberbatch-to-voice-smaug-in-the-hobbit/ Benedict Cumberbatch To Voice Smaug in 'The Hobbit'], Deadline.com, accessed [[17 June]] [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Bard]]<ref>[http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/luke-evans-to-play-bard-in-the-hobbit/ Luke Evans To Play Bard in 'The Hobbit'], Deadline.com, accessed [[17 June|June 17]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="Deadline">[http://www.deadline.com/2010/10/peter-jackson-sets-first-names-for-the-hobbit/ Peter Jackson sets first names for The Hobbit], Deadline.com, accessed [[22 October|October 22]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Stephen Fry]] || The [[Master of Lake-town]]<ref name="Stephen Fry"/>
|-
| [[Ryan Gage]] || [[Drogo Baggins]]<ref name="Blanchett"/> and/or [[Alfrid]]<ref name="Stephen Fry">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/hobbit-casting-news/10150257180211558 Casting News for THE HOBBIT], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[20 May|May 20]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Ray Henwood]] || Old bellringer/Net mender<ref name="HenwoodKerr"/>
|-
| [[Ian Holm]] || Older [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557 One comment that...], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[22 April|April 22]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Barry Humphries]] || [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]<ref name="LillyBarry"/>
|-
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Robin Kerr]] || [[Elros (movie character)|Elros]]<ref name="HenwoodKerr">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/11/07/49761-of-laketowns-bellringer-or-net-mender-and-an-elf-named-elros/ Of Laketowns Bellringer or Net Mender and an Elf named Elros], TheOneRing.net, accessed [[7 November|November 7]], [[[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Christopher Lee]] || [[Saruman]]<ref name="lee">[http://christopherleeweb.com/story/sir-christopher-returns-hobbit Sir Christopher Returns in The Hobbit]</ref>
|-
| [[Evangeline Lilly]] || [[Tauriel]]<ref name="LillyBarry">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/the-hobbit-casting-update/10150286515141558 THE HOBBIT Casting Update], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[20 June|June 20]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast the Brown]]<ref name="nzherald" >[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10682629 Kelly: 'Sorry, Jackson is not a brat'], nzherald.co.nz, accessed [[24 October|October 24]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf]]<ref name="mckellen">[http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/index.htm Ian McKellen as Gandalf in The Hobbit]</ref>
|-
| [[Bret McKenzie]] || [[Lindir]]<ref>[http://thefilmstage.com/2011/04/04/bret-mckenzie-takes-flight-to-the-hobbit-shooting-in-48-frames-per-second/ Bret McKenzie Takes ‘Flight’ To ‘The Hobbit’; Shooting In 48 Frames-Per-Second], [http://thefilmstage.com/ TheFilmStage], accessed [[5 April|April 5]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<ref name="Production Begins"/>
|-
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<ref name="NesbittBrown">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/11/01/40005-breaking-news-james-nesbitt-is-bofur-adam-brown-is-ori/ BREAKING NEWS: James Nesbitt is Bofur & Adam Brown is Ori!], TheOnering.net, accessed [[2 November|November 2]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Dean O'Gorman]] || [[Fíli]]<ref name="PaceOGorman"/>
|-
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<ref name="PaceOGorman">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/casting-news/10150239464391558 Casting News!], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[30 April|April 30]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Mikael Persbrandt]] || [[Beorn]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Andy Serkis]] || [[Gollum]]<ref name="WoodSerkis"/>
|-
| [[Conan Stevens]] || [[Azog]]<ref name="Stephen Fry"/>
|-
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Jeffrey Thomas]] || [[Thrór]]<ref name="Production Begins"/>
|-
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Hugo Weaving]] || [[Elrond]]<ref name="Elrond">[[Ian McKellen]], [http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm THE HOBBIT, 2 Elves and another Wizard], [http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/index.htm McKellen.com], accessed [[10 May|May 10]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Elijah Wood]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="WoodSerkis">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/01/11/41633-its-really-official-now-wood-serkis-press-release/ It's Really Official Now: Wood & Serkis Press Release], TheOnering.net, accessed [[12 January|January 12]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
|}

===Unconfirmed/rumoured===
* Early reports indicated [[Lawrence Makoare]] was in talks to return,<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2009/06/22/32548-makoare-lurtz-to-meet-with-gdt/ Makoare (Lurtz) to meet with GDT], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ theonering.net], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref> but nothing has been heard of this since then.
* [[wikipedia:Dominic Keating|Dominic Keating]] has auditioned for multiple roles, but has not heard anything since.<ref>[http://www.lotsofinterviews.com/#/interview-dominic-keating-3/4547806838 Interview: Dominic Keating] p. 3, [http://www.lotsofinterviews.com/# LotsofInterviews], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[Brian Blessed]] expressed interest in a role.<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/10/31/39971-brian-blessed-in-gdts-hobbit/ Brian Blessed in GDT’s Hobbit?], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ The One Ring], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Shane Briant|Shane Briant]] auditioned for the role of "Mayor".<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/11/26/40758-british-actor-shane-briant-auditioned-for-role-of-mayor/ British Actor Shane Briant Auditioned For Role of “Mayor”], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ The One Ring], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[Bill Nighy]] was in talks for the voice of [[Smaug]].<ref>[http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/10/22/hobbit-casting-avalanche-our-bilbo-loads-of-dwarves-a-possible-voice-for-smaug/ Hobbit Casting Avalanche – Our Bilbo, Loads Of Dwarves, A Possible Voice For Smaug], [http://www.bleedingcool.com/ Bleeding Cool], [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Saoirse Ronan|Saoirse Ronan]] was in talks to play a new character called Itaril,<ref>[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2011/04/08/the-hobbit-saoirse-ronan-hanna/ 'Hanna' Star Saoirse Ronan Isn't Confirmed For 'The Hobbit,' But She'd Love To Play An Elf ], [http://moviesblog.mtv.com/ MTV], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref> but she eventually declined as she did not want to spend one year on one project.<ref>[http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/saoirse-ronans-hobbit-holiday-15151475.html Saoirse Ronan's Hobbit holiday], [http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/ BelfastTelegraph.co.uk], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=Pictures from the production of ''The Hobbit films''
|height=200
|width=250
|lines=2
|Image:Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins.jpg|[[Martin Freeman]] as [[Bilbo Baggins]] in [[Bag End]].
|Image:Hobbit Ian Mckellan Gandalf.jpg|[[Ian McKellen|Sir Ian McKellen]] as [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]
|Image:Hobbit Ian Mckellan Gandalf2.jpg|[[Gandalf]] in [[Bag End]]
|Image:Hobbit Martin Freeman and Peter Jackson.jpg|[[Martin Freeman]] and [[Peter Jackson|Sir Peter Jackson]] on the set of [[Bag End]].
|Image:Nori, Ori and Dori.jpg|[[Nori]], [[Ori]] and [[Dori]].
|Image:Oin and Gloin.jpg|[[Óin]] and [[Glóin]].
|Image:Fili and Kili.jpg|[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]].
|Image:Bombur, Bofur and Bifur.jpg|[[Bombur]], [[Bofur]] and [[Bifur]].
|Image:Balin and Dwalin.jpg|[[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]].
|Image:Richard Armitage Thorin.jpg|[[Thorin]].
|Image:The Hobbit An Unexpected Journey logo.png|The logo for the first of the films, ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''.
}}

==See also==
* ''[[The Hobbit]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]''

{{references}}
==External links==
* '''[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com]'''
[[Category:Films]]
[[de:Der Hobbit (Film)]]
[[fi:Hobitti (2010)]]
{{films}}

Luke Evans

2011-11-13T11:19:14Z

Icarus: Created page with "{{actor | image= | name=Luke Evans | lifetime=April 15, 1979 | played=Bard | film=The Hobbit films | played2= | film2= | imdb=[http://imdb.com/name/nm181..."

{{actor
| image=
| name=Luke Evans
| lifetime=[[15 April|April 15]], [[1979]]
| played=[[Bard]]
| film=[[The Hobbit films]]
| played2=
| film2=
| imdb=[http://imdb.com/name/nm1812656/ Profile]
|}}
'''Luke Evans''' (born [[15 April|April 15]], [[1979]] in Aberbargoed, Wales) is a Welsh theatre and film actor. He is set to portray [[Bard]] in the upcoming adaptation of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Hobbit]]''.

==External links==
*{{WP|Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans}}
*[http://imdb.com/name/nm1812656/ Luke Evans] at IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Evans, Luke}}
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]
[[Category:Welsh people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

Bard

2011-11-13T11:04:59Z

Icarus: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

{{disambig-two|the character in ''[[The Hobbit]]''|the King of Dale in the [[Fourth Age]]|[[Bard II]]}}
{{men infobox
|image=[[Image:Anke Eissmann - Bard the Bowman.jpg|250px]]
|name=Bard I
|othernames=
|birth=
|death=[[Third Age 2977|T.A. 2977]]
|race=Men
|gender=Male
|height=
|hair=
|eyes=
}}
{{quote|Arrow! Black arrow! I have saved you to the last. You have never failed me and always I have recovered you. I had you from my father and he from of old. If ever you came from the forges of the true king under the Mountain, go now and speed well!|Bard<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref>}}
'''Bard the Bowman''' (died [[Third Age]] 2977), was a man of [[Lake-town]], and later the restored [[King of Dale]].

==History==
Bard served as a soldier in [[Lake-town]], and was one of the most skilled archers among [[Men]]. He was the heir of [[Girion]], the last [[Lord of Dale|lord]] of [[Dale]]. Noted for his grim face and spirit, he was an able archer and considered his [[Black Arrow]] lucky and always used it last.<ref name="Fire"/>

Bard organized the defense of the town when the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]] attacked. When the old [[thrush]] (who had overheard [[Bilbo Baggins]]' description of [[Smaug]]<ref>{{H|Inside}}</ref>) revealed an unarmoured spot on the Dragon's underside to Bard, he shot the dragon's heart with the Black Arrow. Because of his miraculous shot he was given the epithet "the Bowman" and "the Dragon-slayer".<ref name="Fire"/>

After the disaster, he led the [[Lake-men]] to the [[Lonely Mountain]] demanding a part of the treasure from the [[Dwarves]].<ref name="Gather">{{H|Gathering}}</ref> Afterwards he led them in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

Bard claimed a twelfth of the treasure amassed by the dragon,<ref name="Gather"/> which he subsequently shared with the [[Master of Lake-town]] to rebuild the town. However, the Master stole the money and ran off into the wild where he died.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Three years later, after the rebuilding of the city, Bard became the first [[King of Dale|King]] of restored Dale as a wise and able ruler.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

He was succeeded by his son, [[Bain]].<ref name="TA"/>

== Etymology ==
As a Lake-man, Bard's name was in the [[language of Dale]], which is represented by [[Old Norse]] in the book.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><ref>{{L|144}}</ref> In other Germanic names (such as [[Isembard Took|Isembard]]), ''bard'' refers to ''beard''. This could be either the facial hair, or more likely ''"Battle-Axe"'' (''beard'' is also a term for a part of an axe).

Robert Ireland and [[Ruth S. Noel]], who perhaps overlooked the connection to Old Norse, provide as translations the [[Celtic]] words, ''bárd'' ("guardian")<ref>Robert Ireland, [http://www.quicksilver899.com/Tolkien/LOTR/LOTR_AC.html Lord of the Rings Dictionary, A - C]</ref> and ''bard'' ("poet").<ref>[[Ruth S. Noel]], ''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'', "The Languages of Rhovanion"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree |GIR| |GIR=[[Girion]] ''d. {{TA|2770|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |:| }}
{{familytree | |:| }}
{{familytree| BAR |BAR='''BARD I''' ''d. {{TA|2977|n}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| BAI |BAI=[[Bain]] ''d. {{TA|3007|n}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| BRA |BRA=[[Brand]] ''d. {{TA|3019|n}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| BA2 |BA2=[[Bard II]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'':'''
:Bard is played by [[Peter Williams]].

'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]'':'''
:Bard's voice is provided by [[John Stephenson]].

'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'':'''
:No actor is specified for the role of Bard.

'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'':'''
:No actor is credited for the part of [[Bard]], but it appears to be [[André Sogliuzzo]]. He is portrayed as the Captain of the guard, a stout black haired man with a full beard. Bilbo helps him retrieve the [[Black Arrow]] and stop a gang of Orcs and men from taking over Laketown.

'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''
:[[Luke Evans]] is set to portray Bard.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Bard|Images of Bard]]

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=men
| house=Heir of [[Girion]], [[Lord of Dale]]
| born=?
| died={{TA|2977}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=None
| prev=Title established
| list=[[King of Dale]]
| dates={{TA|2941}}-{{TA|2977}}
| next=[[Bain]]
| nvac=
| nrow=
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Northmen]]
[[Category:Rulers of Dale]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[de:Bard I.]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:hommes_du_nord:daliens:bard]]
[[fi:Bard Jousimies]]

Category:Images of Jabez Olssen

2011-11-13T10:57:22Z

Icarus:

[[Category:Images of Miscellaneous People]]

User talk:Icarus

2011-11-13T10:49:53Z

Icarus: /* Image Categories */

{{MediaWiki:NewUserMessage|Icarus}}

==Images==
Just to note: when you upload images of people, be sure to add <nowiki>[[Category:Images of PERSON'S NAME]]~</nowiki> at the bottom. -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 08:28, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

:And a [[Tolkien Gateway:File licensing templates|file licensing template]]! ;) --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 11:15, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

== Image Categories ==

[[Special:UncategorizedFiles|These two images]] need categories, could you please categorise them? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:01, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:I apologize. I see above I've been told this before. Again, I truly apologize. I'll keep the lesson in mind for the future. --[[User:Icarus|'''Icarus''']] 10:49, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

Category:Images of Jabez Olssen

2011-11-13T10:47:50Z

Icarus: Created page with "Images of Jabez Olssen."

Images of [[Jabez Olssen]].

File:Jabez Olssen.png

2011-11-13T10:46:23Z

Icarus:

== Licensing ==
{{Fairuse-Newlinecinema}}

[[Category:Images of Jabez Olssen]]

The Hobbit (film series)

2011-11-07T23:03:32Z

Icarus: /* Gallery */

{{currentevent}}
{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}{{film infobox
| image= [[File:The Hobbit films logo.png|250px]]
| name=The Hobbit
| director=
| producer=[[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="hobbitnames">[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=2563 Title and Release Dates Announced - The Hobbit Blog | The Hobbit Blog]</ref> [[Fran Walsh]]<ref name="hobbitnames"/> [[Carolynne Cunningham]]<ref name="hobbitnames"/>
| writer=[[Guillermo del Toro]] [[Peter Jackson]] [[Fran Walsh]] [[Philippa Boyens]]<ref name="mtv1">[http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1596511/story.jhtml Guillermo Del Toro Says 'Hobbit' Writing Team Has Chemistry]. ''MTV Movie News'' (7 October 2008). Accessed [[11 October|October 11]], [[2008]].</ref>
| narrator=
| starring=[[Martin Freeman]] [[Richard Armitage]] [[Graham McTavish]]
| music=[[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography=
| editing=
| distributor=[[MGM]] [[New Line Cinema]]
| released='''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey:''' December 14, 2012<ref name="hobbitnames"/> '''The Hobbit: There and Back Again:''' December 13, 2013<ref name="hobbitnames"/>
| runtime=
| country=New Zealand United States United Kingdom
| language=English
| budget=US$500 million
| website=[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ Official Blog]
| imdb_id=0903624
}}'''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'''<ref name="hobbitnames"/> and '''The Hobbit: There and Back Again'''<ref name="hobbitnames"/>, simply collectively known as just '''The Hobbit''', are two upcoming live-action films based upon [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien's]] [[The Hobbit|novel of the same name]]. They are conceived as prequels to [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]] with which they will form one "continuous journey".<ref name="mtv2">[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/10/07/hobbit-films-will-be-one-continuous-journey-promises-guillermo-del-toro/ 'Hobbit' Movies Will be One 'Continuous Journey,' Promises Guillermo Del Toro]. ''MTV Movies Blog'' (7 October 2008). Accessed [[11 October|October 11]], [[2008]]</ref> The film will be distributed by [[MGM]] and [[New Line Cinema]]. [[Peter Jackson]] will serve as executive producer, co-writer and director for the two films. Filming began on [[21 March]], [[2011]].<ref>[http://www.inthenews.co.uk/news/entertainment/film/hobbit-filming-to-begin-in-march-$21385473.htm Hobbit filming to begin in March]</ref>

==Plot==
The Hobbit films are set to be released in December 2012 and 2013, they will cover the events in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and possibly [[Gandalf]]'s visits to [[Dol Guldur]]. The main plot however will be of [[Bilbo Baggins]], Gandalf and [[Thorin and Company]] as they set forth to the [[Lonely Mountain]].

=="Film Two"==
Film Two has been recently revealed in an interview with Del Toro and Jackson, to be a continuation of ''The Hobbit''. The interview which was included in Empire magazines 20th Birthday Special, expressed how the pair believed it would be better not to cram ''The Hobbit'' into one movie, but span it over two.

{{quote|We've decided to have The Hobbit span the two movies, including the White Council and the comings and goings of [[Gandalf]] to [[Dol Guldur]]|[[Guillermo Del Toro]]<ref name="EOnline">Chris Hewitt, "[http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=24610 World Excl: Jackson/Del Toro Talk Hobbit]", ''[http://www.empireonline.com/ EmpireOnline.com]'', [[17 April|April 17]], [[2009]]</ref>}}

This interview goes with what Jackson and Del Toro said in a web chat with fans, when it was said that the story could take place during the events of the Hobbit; because of the fact that [[Gandalf]] continually disappears in the book. Jackson said "Those gaps are great! There's a lot of stuff going on, which is distracting him".<ref name="Unexpected">[http://www.wetanz.com/holics/index.php?itemid=695&catid=2 Transcript of ''An Unexpected Party'']</ref>

==Issues concerning production==
===Directorship===
The Hobbit as a movie has been anticipated by many fans since the release of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]. Even before the pre-production began there had been and are still issues which could delay the production of Guillermo del Toro's The Hobbit. In early 2005 it came to the public attention that [[Peter Jackson]] was suing [[New Line Cinema]].<ref name="pj-sues">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4312463.stm Director sues over Rings profits]</ref> This cast doubt on whether or not The Hobbit would ever be made. Jackson later told fans that, due to the dispute, he would neither direct nor produce the film.<ref name="pj-sues" /> In late 2007 it was confirmed that Jackson would not direct, but ''would'' be an executive producer for two Hobbit movies.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7150644.stm Jackson to produce Hobbit movies]</ref> It was later announced that [[Guillermo del Toro]] would direct the films, and that Jackson will be an active 'executive producer' with the possibility that he would help direct some scenes if necessary.<ref name="Unexpected" />

However, on 30 May 2010 it was revealed that del Toro could no longer commit himself to direct ''The Hobbit'' films, citing the continued delays in production in his reasoning. <ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/05/30/36920-guillermo-del-toro-departs-the-hobbit/ Guillermo Del Toro departs “The Hobbit”]</ref> Peter Jackson later announced that he would direct both films. <ref name="PJ-to-Direct">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/10/15/39138-press-release-from-new-linewarner-bros-oscar-winner-peter-jackson-to-direct-%E2%80%9Cthe-hobbit%E2%80%9D-in-two-installments/ OSCAR WINNER PETER JACKSON TO DIRECT “THE HOBBIT” IN TWO INSTALLMENTS], accessed [[24 October|October 24]], [[2010]]</ref>

===Christopher Tolkien's lawsuit with Newline Cinema===
In May 2008 it was reported that [[Christopher Tolkien]] would ask "for 'one last crusade' against the film's producers in his long-running legal battle over money owed for the Lord Of The Rings movies."<ref>[http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/a96839/tolkiens-son-plans-to-stop-the-hobbit.html Tolkien's son plans to stop 'The Hobbit']</ref> On June 6, 2008, it was scheduled for him to go before a Californian judge to ask to "terminate" film rights to The Hobbit. However the dispute was later settled on 8 September 2009.<ref>http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118008242?refCatId=22</ref>

===Industrial dispute in New Zealand===
In September 2010, the production of ''The Hobbit'' films was again delayed when the International Federation of Actors issued the following order to all members of its associated unions:

{{quote|Resolved, that the International Federation of Actors urges each of its affiliates to adopt instructions to their members that no member of any FIA affiliate will agree to act in the theatrical film The Hobbit until such time as the producer has entered into a collective bargaining agreement with the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance for production in New Zeal]and providing for satisfactory terms and conditions for all performers employed on the productions.|International Federation of Actors <ref>[http://www.aftra.org/documents/100924_hobbit_factsheet.pdf FIA order to its members regarding the production of The Hobbit films.]</ref>}}

This meant that Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema considered moving the production elsewhere, possibly to eastern Europe.<ref>[http://movies.yahoo.com/feature/movie-talk-peter-jackson-running-into-union-trouble-on-the-hobbit.html Peter Jackson Running Into Union Trouble on 'The Hobbit']</ref> However, following talks with the New Zealand government, Warner Bros. decided to proceed as planned to film The Hobbit in New Zealand as originally planned. The New Zealand government subsequently passed legislation to amend their labour laws to ensure that production stayed in the country.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11649734 Hobbit legislation passed in New Zealand]</ref>

==Plot details==
===Special effects===
[[Weta Digital|Weta]] will continue their role in handling the special effects. Del Toro has stated he wishes to focus more on animatronics for the films.
{{quote|The only thing I will be pushing for more in these films that the other three are full animatronics and animatronic creatures enhanced with CGI, as opposed to CGI creatures themselves. We really want to take the state-of-the-art animatronics and take a leap ten years into the future with the technology we will develop for the creatures in the movie. We have every intention to do for animatronics and special effects what the other films did for virtual reality.|Guillermo del Toro <ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2008/04/25/28747-guillermo-del-toro-chats-with-torn-about-the-hobbit-films/#more-28747 Guillermo del Toro Chats with TORN About ‘The Hobbit’ Films!]</ref>}}

The film will be released in both 2D and 3D.<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025794?refCatId=13 'The Hobbit' pics to shoot in February], [http://www.variety.com/home/ variety.com], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref>

===Possible rating===
In an interview with the [[BBC]] Del Toro has commented on the level of horror and violence in the ''The Hobbit'', being, like Jackson, a director with a background in that genre.

{{quote|The intensity of the scenes of the Hobbit will have the intensity they had in the book when I was a kid reading them. The spiders of Mirkwood are a pretty harrowing experience and facing the great goblin in the caves is quite a thrilling moment. The [[Battle of Five Armies|Battle of the Five Armies]], the first encounter with Gollum - there are scary moments in the book. But they are already there. We are not inventing or trying to do horror for horror's sake we are trying to imbue those moments of intensity in the book into the movie.|Del Toro <ref name="BBC">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/review/8084025.stm</ref>}}

==People involved==
* Production - [[New Line Cinema]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* United States Distribution - [[Warner Brothers]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* International Distribution - [[MGM]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Director - [[Peter Jackson]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct" />
* Producers - [[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]] and [[Carolynne Cunningham]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Co-Producer - [[Philippa Boyens]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Executive Producers - [[Ken Kamins]]<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/> and [[Zane Weiner]]<ref name="Production Begins">
[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/03/20/42825-production-begins-in-new-zealand-on-the-hobbit-peter-jackson’s-two-film-epic-adaptation-of-j-r-r-tolkien’s-timeless-classic/#more-42825 Production Begins in New Zealand on ''The Hobbit'', Peter Jackson's Two Film Epic Adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's Timeless Classic], [http://www.theonering.net/ Theonering.net], accessed [[21 March|March 21]], [[2011]]</ref>
* Writers - Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens and Guillermo del Toro<ref name="PJ-to-Direct"/>
* Director of Photography - [[Guillermo Navarro]]<ref>http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_threaded;post=212078;sb=post_latest_reply;so=ASC;guest=9426799</ref>
* Music - [[Howard Shore]]
*Second Unit Director - [[Andy Serkis]]<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/gollum-actor-andy-serkis-serve-175685 Gollum Actor Andy Serkis to Serve as Second Unit Director on 'The Hobbit' (Exclusive) - Hollywood Reporter]</ref>
*Editor - [[Jabez Olssen]]<ref name="video 4">[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/?p=3933 ''The Hobbit'' production video #4]</ref>
*Production Designer - [[Dan Hennah]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Prosthetics Supervisor - [[Tami Lame]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Makeup and Hair Designer - [[Peter King]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Costume Designer - [[Ann Maskrey]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Art Director: Conceptual - [[Alan Lee]]<ref name="video 4"/>
*Art Director: Conceptual - [[John Howe]]<ref name="video 4"/>

===Confirmed Cast===
[[Image:Hobbit Cast.jpg|right|thumb|'Bilbo' and the 'thirteen dwarves' (N.B. Rob Kazinsky has since been replaced by Dean O'Gorman to play Fíli).|400px]]
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Richard Armitage]] || [[Thorin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Cate Blanchett]] || [[Galadriel]]<ref name="Blanchett">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/12/07/41135-torn-exclusive-cate-blanchett-ken-stott-sylvester-mccoy-mikael-persbrandt-join-cast-of-peter-jackson’s-“the-hobbit”/#more-41135 TORN EXCLUSIVE: CATE BLANCHETT, KEN STOTT, SYLVESTER MCCOY, MIKAEL PERSBRANDT JOIN CAST OF PETER JACKSON'S "THE HOBBIT"], TheOnering.net, accessed [[8 December|December 8]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Orlando Bloom]] || [[Legolas]]<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ/posts/10150265634081558 Ten years ago...], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[27 May|May 27]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Jed Brophy]] || [[Nori]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Adam Brown]] || [[Ori]] <ref name="NesbittBrown"/>
|-
| [[John Callen]] || [[Óin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] || [[Smaug]], [[Sauron|Necromancer]]<ref> [http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/benedict-cumberbatch-to-voice-smaug-in-the-hobbit/ Benedict Cumberbatch To Voice Smaug in 'The Hobbit'], Deadline.com, accessed [[17 June]] [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Luke Evans]] || [[Bard]]<ref>[http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/luke-evans-to-play-bard-in-the-hobbit/ Luke Evans To Play Bard in 'The Hobbit'], Deadline.com, accessed [[17 June|June 17]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Martin Freeman]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref name="Deadline">[http://www.deadline.com/2010/10/peter-jackson-sets-first-names-for-the-hobbit/ Peter Jackson sets first names for The Hobbit], Deadline.com, accessed [[22 October|October 22]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Stephen Fry]] || The [[Master of Lake-town]]<ref name="Stephen Fry"/>
|-
| [[Ryan Gage]] || [[Drogo Baggins]]<ref name="Blanchett"/> and/or [[Alfrid]]<ref name="Stephen Fry">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/hobbit-casting-news/10150257180211558 Casting News for THE HOBBIT], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[20 May|May 20]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Mark Hadlow]] || [[Dori]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Peter Hambleton]] || [[Glóin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Ray Henwood]] || Old bellringer/Net mender<ref name="HenwoodKerr"/>
|-
| [[Ian Holm]] || Older [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557 One comment that...], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[22 April|April 22]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Barry Humphries]] || [[Great Goblin|Goblin King]]<ref name="LillyBarry"/>
|-
| [[Stephen Hunter]] || [[Bombur]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Robin Kerr]] || [[Elros (movie character)|Elros]]<ref name="HenwoodKerr">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/11/07/49761-of-laketowns-bellringer-or-net-mender-and-an-elf-named-elros/ Of Laketowns Bellringer or Net Mender and an Elf named Elros], TheOneRing.net, accessed [[7 November|November 7]], [[[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[William Kircher]] || [[Bifur]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Christopher Lee]] || [[Saruman]]<ref name="lee">[http://christopherleeweb.com/story/sir-christopher-returns-hobbit Sir Christopher Returns in The Hobbit]</ref>
|-
| [[Evangeline Lilly]] || [[Tauriel]]<ref name="LillyBarry">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/the-hobbit-casting-update/10150286515141558 THE HOBBIT Casting Update], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[20 June|June 20]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Radagast the Brown]]<ref name="nzherald" >[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10682629 Kelly: 'Sorry, Jackson is not a brat'], nzherald.co.nz, accessed [[24 October|October 24]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Ian McKellen]] || [[Gandalf]]<ref name="mckellen">[http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/index.htm Ian McKellen as Gandalf in The Hobbit]</ref>
|-
| [[Bret McKenzie]] || [[Lindir]]<ref>[http://thefilmstage.com/2011/04/04/bret-mckenzie-takes-flight-to-the-hobbit-shooting-in-48-frames-per-second/ Bret McKenzie Takes ‘Flight’ To ‘The Hobbit’; Shooting In 48 Frames-Per-Second], [http://thefilmstage.com/ TheFilmStage], accessed [[5 April|April 5]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Graham McTavish]] || [[Dwalin]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Mike Mizrahi]] || [[Thráin II|Thráin]]<ref name="Production Begins"/>
|-
| [[James Nesbitt]] || [[Bofur]]<ref name="NesbittBrown">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/11/01/40005-breaking-news-james-nesbitt-is-bofur-adam-brown-is-ori/ BREAKING NEWS: James Nesbitt is Bofur & Adam Brown is Ori!], TheOnering.net, accessed [[2 November|November 2]], [[2010]]</ref>
|-
| [[Dean O'Gorman]] || [[Fíli]]<ref name="PaceOGorman"/>
|-
| [[Lee Pace]] || [[Thranduil]]<ref name="PaceOGorman">[[Peter Jackson]], [http://www.facebook.com/notes/peter-jackson/casting-news/10150239464391558 Casting News!], [http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook.com], accessed [[30 April|April 30]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Mikael Persbrandt]] || [[Beorn]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Andy Serkis]] || [[Gollum]]<ref name="WoodSerkis"/>
|-
| [[Conan Stevens]] || [[Azog]]<ref name="Stephen Fry"/>
|-
| [[Ken Stott]] || [[Balin]]<ref name="Blanchett"/>
|-
| [[Jeffrey Thomas]] || [[Thrór]]<ref name="Production Begins"/>
|-
| [[Aidan Turner]] || [[Kíli]]<ref name="Deadline"/>
|-
| [[Hugo Weaving]] || [[Elrond]]<ref name="Elrond">[[Ian McKellen]], [http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm THE HOBBIT, 2 Elves and another Wizard], [http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/index.htm McKellen.com], accessed [[10 May|May 10]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
| [[Elijah Wood]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="WoodSerkis">[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/01/11/41633-its-really-official-now-wood-serkis-press-release/ It's Really Official Now: Wood & Serkis Press Release], TheOnering.net, accessed [[12 January|January 12]], [[2011]]</ref>
|-
|}

===Unconfirmed/rumoured===
* Early reports indicated [[Lawrence Makoare]] was in talks to return,<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2009/06/22/32548-makoare-lurtz-to-meet-with-gdt/ Makoare (Lurtz) to meet with GDT], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ theonering.net], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref> but nothing has been heard of this since then.
* [[wikipedia:Dominic Keating|Dominic Keating]] has auditioned for multiple roles, but has not heard anything since.<ref>[http://www.lotsofinterviews.com/#/interview-dominic-keating-3/4547806838 Interview: Dominic Keating] p. 3, [http://www.lotsofinterviews.com/# LotsofInterviews], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[Brian Blessed]] expressed interest in a role.<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/10/31/39971-brian-blessed-in-gdts-hobbit/ Brian Blessed in GDT’s Hobbit?], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ The One Ring], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Shane Briant|Shane Briant]] auditioned for the role of "Mayor".<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/11/26/40758-british-actor-shane-briant-auditioned-for-role-of-mayor/ British Actor Shane Briant Auditioned For Role of “Mayor”], [http://www.theonering.net/torwp/ The One Ring], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[Bill Nighy]] was in talks for the voice of [[Smaug]].<ref>[http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/10/22/hobbit-casting-avalanche-our-bilbo-loads-of-dwarves-a-possible-voice-for-smaug/ Hobbit Casting Avalanche – Our Bilbo, Loads Of Dwarves, A Possible Voice For Smaug], [http://www.bleedingcool.com/ Bleeding Cool], [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Saoirse Ronan|Saoirse Ronan]] was in talks to play a new character called Itaril,<ref>[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2011/04/08/the-hobbit-saoirse-ronan-hanna/ 'Hanna' Star Saoirse Ronan Isn't Confirmed For 'The Hobbit,' But She'd Love To Play An Elf ], [http://moviesblog.mtv.com/ MTV], accessed [[28 May|May 28]], [[2011]]</ref> but she eventually declined as she did not want to spend one year on one project.<ref>[http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/saoirse-ronans-hobbit-holiday-15151475.html Saoirse Ronan's Hobbit holiday], [http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/ BelfastTelegraph.co.uk], accessed [[29 May|May 29]], [[2011]]</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=Pictures from the production of ''The Hobbit films''
|height=200
|width=250
|lines=2
|Image:Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins.jpg|[[Martin Freeman]] as [[Bilbo Baggins]] in [[Bag End]].
|Image:Hobbit Ian Mckellan Gandalf.jpg|[[Ian McKellen|Sir Ian McKellen]] as [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]
|Image:Hobbit Ian Mckellan Gandalf2.jpg|[[Gandalf]] in [[Bag End]]
|Image:Hobbit Martin Freeman and Peter Jackson.jpg|[[Martin Freeman]] and [[Peter Jackson|Sir Peter Jackson]] on the set of [[Bag End]].
|Image:Nori, Ori and Dori.jpg|[[Nori]], [[Ori]] and [[Dori]].
|Image:Oin and Gloin.jpg|[[Óin]] and [[Glóin]].
|Image:Fili and Kili.jpg|[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]].
|Image:Bombur, Bofur and Bifur.jpg|[[Bombur]], [[Bofur]] and [[Bifur]].
|Image:Balin and Dwalin.jpg|[[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]].
|Image:Richard Armitage Thorin.jpg|[[Thorin]].
|Image:The Hobbit An Unexpected Journey logo.png|The logo for the first of the films, ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''.
}}

==See also==
* ''[[The Hobbit]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]''
* ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]''

{{references}}
==External links==
* '''[http://www.thehobbitblog.com/ TheHobbitBlog.com]'''
[[Category:Films]]
[[de:Der Hobbit (Film)]]
[[fi:Hobitti (2010)]]
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