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Talk:Amras

2021-05-01T22:03:50Z

Mithrennaith: missing sig

This article needs to be worked on, in particular the Silmarillion version of the character Amras. - nikolet 21:16, 2 October 2007 (EDT)

== Ehm ... which version of name belongs with which version of the Legendarium? ==

As far as I can gather from [[The Shibboleth of Feanor]], in the version where one of the twins died in the Shipburning at Losgar, the one who died (remaining the younger twin with the fathername Telufinwë) was Umbarto/Ambarto. In this version of the Legendarium '''Amras''', subsequently changed to '''''Amros''''', was the Sindarin form of ''Ambarussa'', the mothername used by both twins, but by others only applied to the older twin, ''Pityafinwë''.

So the article as it stands belongs rather under the title of Amrod (or even Amarthan) with certain corrections to names.

See also [[Talk:Amrod]] -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 01:09, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
: According to commentary in HoME XII under the mother names on (p.353) and the note 62 (p. 366) Tolkien exchanged mother names of the twins and turned Ambarto into Umbarto to fit the legend: "It was then, no doubt, that my father changed the name Ambarto to Umbarto in the list and reversed the names of the twin brothers (see note 62), so that Ambarussa becomes the elder of the two and Ambarto/Umbarto the youngest of Fëanor's children, as he is in the legend told here." Thus the information of Amras being the fated twin burnt in Losgar seems correct. There is no information on exchanging Amros and Amras on father name list, as I understand only Ambarussa & Ambarto/Umbarto were exchanged, not father nor Sindarin names? [[User:Sirielle|Sirielle]] 17:14, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

::Correct quote, exactly the wrong conclusion, I'm afraid. It was the '''youngest''' of the twins that ws burnt in Losgar "in the legend told here", thus according to the quote Ambarto/Umbarto, which is translated into Sindarin (or Sindarized) Amrod/Amarthan, and quite clearly not Amras.
::See also [[Talk:Amrod]] -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 17:34, 19 November 2009 (UTC)

:::I'm sorry that, when I wrote the previous reply, I had only seen the first version of Sirielle’s post, and had failed to notice that she had changed it straightaway. As a result I had not realised that she had missed the connection between the mothernames and Sindarin names (because I could not conceive that I could ever have failed to see the connection myself), and thus had (wrongly) assumed that she had misinterpreted the legend of the shipburning to arrive at the wrong name for the burned son. Hence my previous reply. I only learned of her actual reasoning when I saw the copy of her (changed) post that she had placed on [[Talk:Amrod]], and so I pointed out there that the Sindarin names are in fact (mostly) the translations or Sindarizations of the mothernames.
:::Because I failed to notice Sirielle's changes to her post, I also inadvertently overwrote them when replying. Only just now I noticed what had happened, and I have restored her post to the final version she intended. Hence this explanation that I actually replied to another version. (Further explanations on the Sindarizing of the names on Talk:Amrod) -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 21:30, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Shouldn't the information of this article about the death of one of the twins be moved to the article about Amrod? If Amrod is the Sindarin form of Umbarto, and Amras is the Sindarin form of Ambarussa, then it's clear that Amrod was the youngest son who died in Losgar, not the other way around. {{unsignedanon|95.22.74.92}} ''at'' 19:11, 28 April 2014.

Translations

2015-01-10T08:02:52Z

Mithrennaith: Added two recent Dutch translations (Renee Vink)

Below is a list of '''translations''' of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s works into different languages.

===[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book]]===
* Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian),Portuguese (European), Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish.

===[[Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics]]===
* French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish.

===[[Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary]]===
* Dutch.

===[[Bilbo's Last Song]]===
* Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese,Portuguese (Brazilian), Russian.

===[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]] and [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]===
* Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish.

===[[The Children of Húrin]]===
* Dutch, Bulgarian, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (European), SLovak, Spanish, Swedish, Russian,Turkish.

===[[The Dragon's Visit]]===
* French, Russian.

===[[English and Welsh]]===
* French, Italian, Polish, Spanish, Swedish.

===[[The Fall of Arthur]]===
* Dutch, French, Italian, Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (Portugal), Spanish.

===[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]===
* Aragonese, Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Faeroese, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish,Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (European), Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Valencian.

===Farmer Giles of Ham (earlier version of text)===
* French

===Farmer Giles of Ham (50th anniversary edition, with earliest version and synopsis for sequel)===
* Italian, Portuguese (Brazilian).

===[[The Father Christmas Letters]] (1976 format)===
* Czech, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish. See also Letters from Father Christmas.

===[[Goblin Feet]]===
* French, Russian.

===[[The Hobbit]]===
* ''See [[The Hobbit#Translations|The Hobbit: Translations]]''

===[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth|The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son]]===
* Czech, Dutch, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish.

===[[Imram]]===
* Norwegian, Russian.

===[[The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun]]===
* Russian, Serbian.

===[[The Lays of Beleriand]]===
* French, Spanish.

===[[Leaf by Niggle]]===
* Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish,Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (European), Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish.

===Letters from Father Christmas (edn. with facsimiles)===
* Japanese, Portuguese (Brazilian).

===Letters from Father Christmas (enlarged edn. 1995)===
* Polish.

===Letters from Father Christmas (2004 edn.)===
* Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Turkish.

===Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien===
* Dutch, Finnish<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.adlibris.com/fi/product.aspx?isbn=9510346861|articlename=Kirjeet|dated=|website=[http://www.adlibris.com AdLibris.com]|accessed=3 March 2013}}</ref>, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Russian, Spanish.

===[[The Lord of the Rings]]===
* Albanian, Armenian (possibly The Fellowship of the Ring only), Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (European), Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian.

===[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]===
* French, Spanish.

===[[Mr. Bliss]]===
* Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean,Portuguese (Brazilian),Spanish, Swedish.

===[[The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays]]===
See under constituent parts: Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics; Prefatory Remarks on Prose Translation of'Beowulf (= On Translating Beowulf); Sir Gawain and the Green Knight; On Fairy-Stories; English and Welsh; A Secret Vice; Valedictory Address.

===[[Morgoth's Ring]]===
* Spanish.

===[[Mythopoeia]]===
* Danish, Finnish, French, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Spanish.

===[[On Fairy-Stories]]===
* Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish,Portuguese (Brazilian),Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish.

===[[On Translating Beowulf]]===
* French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish.

===[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]===
* Spanish.

===[[Pictures by J.R.R. Tolkien]]===
* French, Italian, Spanish.

===[[The Return of the Shadow]]===
* Spanish.

===[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle]]===
* German, Russian (part).

===[[Roverandom]]===
* Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish,Portuguese (Brazilian), Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Turkish.

===[[Sauron Defeated]]===
* Spanish (in two volumes).

===[[A Secret Vice]]===
* French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish.

===[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]===
* French, Spanish.

===[[The Silmarillion]]===
* Bulgarian, Catalan, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (European), Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish.

===[[W.P. Ker Lecture|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]] (lecture)===
* French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish.

===[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo]]===
* Japanese, Polish.

===[[Smith of Wootton Major]]===
* Afrikaans, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (European), Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Valencian.

===Smith of Wootton Major (2005 expanded edn.)===
* French (part), Italian.

===[[The Treason of Isengard]]===
* Spanish.

===[[Tree and Leaf]]===
* See On Fairy-Stories, Leaf by Niggle.

===[[Unfinished Tales]]===
* Bulgarian, Catalan, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian),Portuguese (European), Russian, Spanish, Swedish.

===Valedictory Address to the University of Oxford (Monsters and the Critics version)===
* French, German, Italian, Polish, Spanish.

===[[The War of the Jewels]]===
* Spanish

===[[The War of the Ring]]===
* Spanish.

{{references}}
{{CG|CG}}

[[Category:Tolkien Gateway research]]
[[Category:Translators|Translators]]
[[Category:Non-English publications]]

Racism

2014-07-21T17:03:51Z

Mithrennaith: /* Tolkien on Racism */ corrected sp. to that used in Letters, which is correct - wp link is useless

{{sources}}
{{quote|For years, Tolkien scholars have waged a fight on two fronts: against an academic establishment that for the most part refused to take the author's work seriously, and against white supremacists who have tried to claim the professor as one of their own.|David Ibata, ''Chicago Tribune''<ref>http://metromix.chicagotribune.com/movies/chi-030112epringsrace,0,341461.story</ref>}}

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Haradrim.jpg|thumb|225px|''Haradrim'' from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]]]
[[Image:John Howe - Easterlings.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Easterlings'']]

Fans and critics of Tolkien's works have observed several ambiguously '''Racist and race-based elements'''; these go further into stereotyping or symbolism of good versus evil in the Tolkien's [[legendarium]]. As early as the first edition of the Lord of the Rings this topic was discussed, including by [[C.S. Lewis]] who wrote that people who dislike a clear demarcation of good and evil ''"imagine they have seen a rigid demarcation between black and white people."''

Tolkien's legendarium also makes many references to topics related by extension to racialism, such as eugenics, bloodlines, and (by extension) even the superiority of heredity over other authorities.

Some of these accusations of racism may be partially explained by a wider reading of Tolkien's works or a deeper thematic analysis, and others are more difficult to dismiss. In Tolkien's extensive letters one can find both comments that can be interpreted as racism as well as defense against the accusations.

[[Christine Chism]] mentions the issue of racism in the ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment|J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia]]'', where she distinguishes accusations as falling into three categories: intentional racism, unconscious [[Wikipedia:Eurocentrism|Eurocentric]] bias, and an evolution from latent racism in Tolkien's early work to a conscious rejection of racist tendencies in his late work.

In the Foreword to the revised edition of ''The Lord of the Rings'', Tolkien cautioned strongly against viewing it as an allegory, saying that he disliked allegory himself. Furthermore, according to his own claims, Tolkien denounced Hitler, Nazi beliefs, "race-doctrine" and apartheid and praised the Jews, calling them a "gifted people" (see below).

The global popularity of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] has done much to perpetuate popular interest in, as well as criticism of, Tolkien's writing.

==Indications==

===Orcs===
The mostly white Free People's of Middle-Earth doing battle with the hordes of beast-like orcs is seen by some as an indication of racism.

Of the orcs, the [[Uruk-Hai]] are described as "black <ref>''The Lord of the Rings'' book two chapter 5: ''"some are large and evil: black Uruks of Mordor"'' and appendix A: ''"In the last years of Denethor I the race of uruks, black orcs of great strength, first appeared out of Mordor"''</ref> and a smaller orc, a tracker, is described as "black-skinned".<ref>''The Lord of the Rings'' book six chapter 2 ''"it was of a small breed, black-skinned, with wide and snuffling nostrils: evidently a tracker of some kind."''</ref> All orcs are often described as "slant-eyed" and the Uruk-Hai at least refer to the Rohirrim as 'white skins.' In one of his letters, Tolkien described Orcs as ''"...squat, broad, flat-nosed, sallow-skinned, with wide mouths and slant eyes; in fact degraded and repulsive versions of the (to Europeans) least lovely Mongol-types."''([[Letter 210]])

While Tolkien's statement comparing Orcs to the "Mongol-types" is undoubtedly insensitive given today's standards, he does put a disclaimer, "(to Europeans,)" before "least lovely", at least recognizing Western cultural bias and also points out that they were "degraded and repulsive versions" of "Mongol-types", not actual "Mongol-types". It is worth noting that some Orcs use crooked or bent swords (Tolkien also uses the term scimitar, which are historically associated with the Middle-East).

Orcs however, are not men. Unlike the wicked men who serve the Enemy, who might have been enslaved or beguiled, orcs are portrayed as irredeemably evil, or at least having a redemption outside the scope of the narrative. The origin of orcs is not clear, but they may be products of Morgoth's sorcery, or the descendants of tortured and ruined elves. Regardless of their origins they are not presented as a natural race, indeed there is no mention of orc women. Perhaps inspired by his Roman Catholicism, Tolkien's orcs may have more in common with demonic armies than foreign ones [http://digis.ewha.ac.kr/data/test/50.4rearick%5B1%5D.pdf].

===Light vs. Dark===
Some critics have declared that there is racism in Tolkien's works through his use of the words such as "light" and "white" vs. "dark" or "black". In 2002, John Yatt in ''The Guardian'' wrote: "White men are good, 'dark' men are bad, orcs are worst of all."<ref>The Guardian (2 December 2002)</ref>. Other critics such as [[Tom Shippey]] and [[Michael D.C. Drout]] disagree with such clear-cut generalizations of Tolkien's "white" and "dark" men into good and bad.

The whole of Tolkien's Legendarium contains a conflict between ''literal'' light (The Trees, the [[Silmarils]]) and darkness (the literal absence of light). Morgoth's standard was ''"sable unblazoned"'' (that is, plain black). ''"Mordor"'' means "black land" in Sindarin. This ongoing clash may be interpreted as containing racial symbolism of light skinned versus dark skinned peoples, although Eol, father of Maeglin was known as the Dark Elf, and the Moriquendi were called the Elves of Darkness, although both these terms refer to remaining outside the light of the two trees, not to skin tone. The [[Black Númenóreans]] are likewise named because of the color of their allegiance to Sauron and their heraldry, not their skin tone.

But white is not associated only with Good. [[Saruman]] the White has the [[White Hand]] as his symbol. Similarly black is not only associated with evil as Gondor uses a black standard bearing the White Tree, and the Guards of the Citadel of Minas Tirith wore black chain mail. In [[The Peoples of Middle-earth]], a Númenórean fleet is headed by a boat with black sails. One of the mariners explains to a native of Middle-earth, scared that the black sails indicate doom, that the blackness is in fact a thing of beauty, the night sky of Elbereth (who kindled the stars). Indeed, Tolkien states that one of Morgoth's (literally, the ''Black Enemy'') victories was in associating darkness and night with fear and evil.

===Evil Men===
One potentially racist element in Middle-Earth is that the majority of the men who serve Sauron are the dark-skinned peoples of the [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterling]]s and [[Southrons]]. They come from the South and East of Middle-Earth, corresponding with Asia and Africa in the loose connection between Middle-Earth geography and that of the real world.
The Easterlings are aligned with Morgoth or Sauron with the single exception of Bór. They are described as being of fairly dark skin complexion, swarthy and exceedingly cruel. The Southrons (or Haradrim) are described black-skinned, cruel and evil, and are apparently at least inspired by Indian cultures with traits such as fighting on [[Mumakil]]-back.

In some cases, people having the slightest blood relation to enemies, like [[Freca]] and [[Wulf]], who are related to the [[Dunlendings]], are presented as evil themselves, as if evilness is hereditary. Some of these are also called "swarthy" (dark).
Usually, those whose appearance was 'unpleasant' ([[Maeglin]], [[Bill Ferny]]) and disliked by the main protagonists, turn out to be traitors. Bill Ferny is said to be swarthy, and this can be traced to his Dunlending ancestry.

While the Easterling and the Haradrim are dark-skinned people in the service of the Enemy, the [[Woses]] are primitive, small, and alien compared to other peoples (their chief Ghan-buri-Ghan only wears a grass skirt) yet they are valuable allies (in ''The Return of the King''). While Tolkien does not mention their skin colour, they were considered monsters by the Rohirrim who hunted them as animals, which the narrative explicitly condemns. However in the First Age they were counted as ''Edain'', or noble Men, and were allies of the Elves.

However, not all enemies are non-white. Noteworthy examples are Saruman, [[Gríma]], [[Gollum]], and at least two of the [[Nazgûl]]. Also [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]] and the [[ruffians]] are white-skinned characters who ravage and take over [[the Shire]]. Indeed, while during the timeframe of Lord of the Rings those enslaved and serving Sauron are darker skinned people from the South and East, during the history of Middle-Earth many of the white races of man and even some Elves were fooled and coerced by the Enemy.

===Racism in Middle-earth===
Tolkien portrays racism within the "heroic" races as unabashedly negative. Elves and Dwarves distrust each other. Some Elves hunted the Petty-dwarves as animals, as did the Rohirrim to the [[Woses]]. The friendship between [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]] is portrayed as unusual but commendable, and several scenes illustrate them learning to understand and respect each other's cultural differences. When [[Gimli]] takes a strand of [[Galadriel]]'s hair, he is described as having ''"look[ed] into the heart of an enemy and saw there love and understanding."''

It is notable that there is apparently racism within the ranks of Orcs as the Uruk-hai held themselves as superior to the common Orcs, whom they called ''snaga'' (slave).

The point-of-view characters of the book -- the hobbits -- are themselves of a race that is frequently described as being overlooked, under-estimated, and lightly regarded by the other races of Middle-earth, yet they often demonstrate far greater courage and nobility than the races who denigrate them. They are not without prejudice, however, and Gandalf is shown reprimanding Frodo for his comments on [[Barliman Butterbur]].

The Númenóreans of Gondor fell to infighting because of a supposed need for racial purity, especially concerning the ancestry of their king (the [[Kin-strife]]), and grew weaker as a result. In this affair, the villain was the pure-blooded Númenórean [[Castamir]] while the hero was the half-Númenórean [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]].

===Dwarves as Jews===

Tolkien himself compared Dwarves to Jews:
{{quote|"The dwarves of course are quite obviously - wouldn't you say that in many ways they remind you of the Jews? Their words are Semitic obviously, constructed to be Semitic."|J.R.R. Tolkien<ref>http://www.daisy.freeserve.co.uk/jrrt_int.htm</ref>}}
One may interpret this comment in many ways. It should be noted that he only made an explicit connection between the dwarf-language [[Khuzdul]] to Semitic languages. In another letter, he makes the same comparison, but this time it is explicitly about both peoples being dispossessed of their lands, forced to wander the world, and adopt the languages of other lands: both were "at once natives and aliens in their habitations, speaking the languages of the country, but with an accent due to their own private tongue…" ([[Letter 176]])

Throughout the books, Tolkien paints a mostly positive picture of the dwarves ([[Gimli]] of course is brave and honourable, and it is stated in one of the Appendices to The Lord of the Rings that "few Dwarves ever served the enemy willingly", contrary to the tales of Men) and elsewhere he made explicitly positive statements about the Jewish people.

However, one of the weaknesses of the Dwarves was their greed for gold and other riches, amplified by the [[Seven Rings]]. Some see a connection between this and the stereotype of the Jewish usurer. It is also possible to draw a connection between the bearded Dwarves and the beards of Orthodox Jews.

*Tolkien has divine beings blessing or gifting peoples or persons and their descendants, having thus the concept of the [[chosen people]] who differ from others — in Tolkien's case, the Dunedain (literally "Men of the West") of Numenor. It should be also noted that according to Theosophy, Ariosophy and Nazism<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_race#Occultism</ref>, the Aryan race is supposedly descended from [[Atlantis]].<ref>Alfred Rosenberg, [[Wikipedia:The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century|The Myth of the Twentieth Century]]</ref>

==Counterindications==
Tolkien's defenders assert that many criticisms of racism and elitism leveled at ''The Lord of the Rings'' and other writings are oversimplifications and generalizations, and do not take account of everything the author may have written concerning these matters.

*The symbolism of light as good and dark as evil is an prehistoric dichotomy present in a great many cultures, Western and otherwise. It is also a part of Christianity (John 8:12 Jesus Christ said, "I am the Light of the World, Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life."). Variations such as the Manicheeist heresy and further the ancient religion of Persia - Zoroastrianism.

*Tolkien was English, and wanted to make a mythology for England. Therefore he wrote ''The Lord of the Rings'' according to his people's point of view. He could not make his protagonists, say, Incan or Japanese, or even put the setting anywhere else than (an alternative) North-western Europe, in spirit if not in actuality.

*Tolkien only made precise ''geographic'' correspondences of Third Age Middle-earth locations to those in the real world. For example, [[Hobbiton]] was at the latitude of Oxford. The Shire was based upon, but ''was not actually'' rural England, since "the lands have changed" since then. Tolkien made no precise correspondences regarding the ''peoples'' concerned. Though the Hobbits were based upon rural English folk, they were not literally ancient Englishmen. He never said that Harad was Africa, nor the Eastlands Asia, nor their inhabitants ancestors of Africans or Asians. ''The Silmarillion'' presents tales of a time when the Earth's lands were different from that in the Third Age.

*Not only the East and South are associated with evil, and neither were they always so. In the First Age, evil came from the North when Morgoth based himself in [[Angband]]. Also, all Men and Elves first awoke in the East. Boromir is introduced as a "man of the South" without qualification (actually South-west).

*The white but darker-skinned Dunlendings themselves are descendants of the [[Edain]] (through the [[House of Haleth]]), therefore distant though unrecognized relatives of the Dunedain of Numenor, and their ancestors grew hostile to the Dunedain due to the latter despoiling their forests. The mostly benign and hearty men of Bree are descended from Dunlendings.

*In the War of the Ring, the enemies are not truly evil, since they are described as deceived, enslaved or exploited. Sam sees a dead warrior of Harad and wonders if he was truly evil — or rather deceived or coerced to go to war (see below). The Dunlendings are persuaded by Saruman to attack Rohan, playing on their grievances due to Gondor giving what they considered their land to the Eotheod, the ancestors of the Rohirrim. Earlier, Sauron persuaded their ancestors to fight against the Numenoreans, the cause of their relocation from forests into the hills.

*Tolkien does not actually mention the physical features of the Easterlings in ''The Lord of the Rings''; however the Easterlings of ''The Silmarillion'' are described as either sallow or swarthy. There is no certainty that the Easterlings of the First Age are the same people as those of the Third Age though: in fact, many of the "white" Men of Eriador are indicated to be descendants of the First Age Easterlings.

*Tolkien first describes the Haradrim in ''The Lord of the Rings'' as tall, dark, and looking fierce and nasty (according to [[Gollum]]), with long black hair, painted faces and gold earrings and ornaments. Later a warrior of Harad who falls at Sam's feet has black plaits of hair braided with gold. Notably, the author does not describe them as black, nor their hair as kinky, nor give them any other typical sub-Saharan African features.

*All the "superior" people, be they Elves, Edain or Dunedain, have no direct analogues in peoples of the real world. If the Dunedain could be put somewhere, they would belong in [[Atlantis]], since Numenor was Middle-Earth's counterpart to Plato's Atlantis. The Rohirrim, who have been parallelled to blond and fair Europeans, are "inferior" to them, being Middle Men, in their view.

*Kings, princes, heirs and noblemen as protagonists is not necessarily an advocation of blood nobility, since it is a theme and concept common in myths and fairy-tales. Also, [[Samwise Gamgee]] represents the common man, and sees insights that more "noble" characters apparently do not, such as the true situation of the human enemies. Note that in a letter (#131), Tolkien states that Sam is the chief hero of the whole book.

*There are no truly "perfect" peoples in Tolkien's writings, save perhaps the [[Vanyar]]. Given that Tolkien loved trees and nature in general, having his Numenoreans wantonly cut down trees for ships is decidedly negative. The Noldor rebelled against the Valar and killed their fellow Elves.

==''Lord of the Rings'' and Fascism==

In Italy, ''Lord of the Rings'' is considered fascist by some groups and Italian fascist organisations are allegedly using the book for recruiting.<ref>http://www.johnreilly.info/ata.htm</ref> According to Italian website [http://www.caltanet.it/frm/cinema/ Caltanet], [[Wikipedia:Alleanza Nazionale|Alleanza Nazionale]] a right-oriented Italian political party had taken a picture from ''Fellowship of the Ring'' movie to promote a speech by his leader, [[Wikipedia:Gianfranco Fini|Gianfranco Fini]].<ref>http://www.theonering.net/perl/newsview/8/1001628604</ref>

Tolkien's works have also been embraced by self-admitted racists such as the British National Party.<ref>The Sunday Times - [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article804465.ece The BNP has declared Lord of the Rings essential reading. They’re not the only extremists to get the wrong idea]</ref>

==Relevant Passages from the text==
{{quote|It is not unlikely that they <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Orcs]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> invented some of the machines that have since troubled the world, especially the ingenious devices for killing large numbers of people at once, for wheels and engines and explosions always delighted them"|''[[The Hobbit]]'', "Over-Hill and Under-Hill"}}

{{quote|It was Sam's first view of a battle of Men against Men, and he did not like it much. He was glad that he could not see the dead face. He wondered what the man's name was and where he came from; and if he was really evil at heart, or what lies or threats had led him on the long march from his home; and if he would not really rather have stayed there in peace.|''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit]]"}}

==Tolkien on Racism==
{{quote|I must say that the enclosed letter from Rutten & Loening is a bit stiff. Do I suffer this impertinence because of the possession of a German name, or do their lunatic laws require a certificate of arisch origin from all persons of all countries? ... Personally I should be inclined to refuse to give any ''Bestätigung'' (although it happens that I can), and let a German translation go hang. In any case I should object strongly to any such declaration appearing in print. I do not regard the (probable) absence of all Jewish blood as necessarily honourable; and I have many Jewish friends, and should regret giving any colour to the notion that I subscribed to the wholly pernicious and unscientific race-doctrine.|[[Letter 29]] — Tolkien's German publishers had asked whether he was of Aryan origin}}

{{quote|Thank you for your letter... I regret that I am not clear as to what you intend by ''arisch''. I am not of Aryan extraction: that is Indo-Iranian; as far as I am aware noone (sic) of my ancestors spoke Hindustani, Persian, Gypsy, or any related dialects. But if I am to understand that you are enquiring whether I am of Jewish origin, I can only reply that I regret that I appear to have no ancestors of that gifted people.|[[Letter 30]] (Tolkien's unsent response to his German publishers; a more neutral version was ultimately sent)}}

{{quote|There was a solemn article in the local paper seriously advocating systematic exterminating of the entire German nation as the only proper course after military victory: because, if you please, they are rattlesnakes, and don't know the difference between good and evil! (What of the writer?) The Germans have just as much right to declare the Poles and Jews exterminable vermin, subhuman, as we have to select the Germans: in other words, no right, whatever they have done.|J.R.R. Tolkien — September 23, 1944}}

{{quote|I have the hatred of apartheid in my bones; and most of all I detest the segregation or separation of Language and Literature. I do not care which of them you think White.|From a valedictory address to the [[University of Oxford]] in [[1959]]}}

{{quote|As for what you say or hint of ‘local’ conditions: I knew of them. I don't think they have much changed (even for the worse). I used to hear them discussed by my mother; and have ever since taken a special interest in that part of the world. The treatment of colour nearly always horrifies anyone going out from Britain, & not only in South Africa. Unfort[unately], not many retain that generous sentiment for long.|[[Letter 61]] — Written to Christopher Tolkien who was stationed in South Africa during World War II}}

{{quote|Anyway, I have in this War a burning private grudge—which would probably make me a better soldier at 49 than I was at 22: against that ruddy little ignoramus Adolf Hitler (for the odd thing about demonic inspiration and impetus is that it in no way enhances the purely intellectual stature: it chiefly affects the mere will). Ruining, perverting, misapplying, and making for ever accursed, that noble northern spirit, a supreme contribution to Europe, which I have ever loved, and tried to present in its true light.|[[Letter 45]]}}

==External links==

*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/11/29/is-it-true-there-is-racism-in-the-lord-of-the-rings/ Is It True There is Racism in The Lord of the Rings?] by [[Michael Martinez]]
*[http://tolkien.slimy.com/faq/External.html#Racist Portion of a Tolkien FAQ attempting to give an answer to the matter]
*[http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jan/08lord.htm Critique of the Lord of the Rings as an 'epic rooted in racism' by Dr Shapiro]
*[http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/chi-030112epringsrace,0,4574891.story 'Lord' of racism? Critics view trilogy as discriminatory] by Chicago Tribune
{{references}}
[[Category:Debates]]
[[category:Tolkien criticism]]

Unquendor

2011-11-14T01:36:09Z

Mithrennaith: more accurate and referenced

[[Image:Unquendor_logo.png|180px|right]]

'''Tolkien Genootschap Unquendor''' (Dutch: ''Tolkien Society [[#Etymology|Unquendor]]'') is the [[Tolkien Societies|Tolkien society]] in the Netherlands.

==History==
Unquendor was founded in [[1981]], on the birthday of Frodo and Bilbo, [[22 September|September 22]]th, after the example of the British [[The Tolkien Society|Tolkien Society]]. It steadily grew up to its current member count of about 210 people<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/node/22</ref> from all over the Dutch-speaking world, though Flanders has its own Society, [[Elanor (Tolkien Society)|''Elanor'']], and South Africa, which had its now dormant [[Haradrim (Tolkien Society)|''Haradrim'']], is usually considered under the influence of the English Tolkien Society.

==Members of Note==
*[[Jan Boom|Jan Boom (a.k.a. Fangorn)]]
*[[René van Rossenberg|René van Rossenberg (Parmahosta)]]

==Gatherings==
Unquendor organises a number of big events throughout the Netherlands, like:
* The "Joelfeest" ([[Yule]] party, December)
* Tolkien day (with annual general meeting, close to September 22th)
* "Slotfeest" (Castle/End (of year) Feast (same word for these in Dutch), June),
* "3-januari-diner" (Tolkien Birthday Diner, [[3 January|January 3]]rd)
* "Tolkien Leesdag" (Tolkien Reading Day, close to [[25 March|March 25]]th).
** [Has not been held in the most recent years.]
Unquendor also offers more regular meetings organised by its members throughout the Netherlands, called ''Herbergen'' ("Inns").

===Inns===
Unquendor's Inns are akin to the Tolkien Society's [[The Tolkien Society#Smials|Smials]]. These monthly to half-yearly meetings, of which Unquendor currently has about ten, are usually frequented by about eight people who then talk about Tolkien or Unquendor related issues. Since inception Inns have come and gone in Unquendor.

Active:
* Culinaire Herberg, Amersfoort
* Lay of Leithian, Tegelen, co-innkeepers: [[Jan Boom]], [[Marcel Coppers]], also published a Tolkien magazine<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/layofleithian</ref><ref>http://www.endore.it/Arretrati/5/Rubriche/biblioteca.pdf</ref><ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20031205215524/http://www.unquendor.nl/bijeenkomsten/lol/lol.html</ref>
* Mellonost, Nijmegen<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/mellonost</ref>
* Nieuwe Laantje aan de Sloot<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/nieuwelaantje</ref>
* Reizende Herberg, various locations<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/reizende</ref>
* Bij de Sarnvoorde, Assen<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/sarnvoorde</ref>
* De Witte Zwaan, Monnickendam<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/wittezwaan</ref>

Dormant:
* Den Swarte Draeck, Leiden, innkeeper: [[René van Rossenberg]]<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/swartedraeck</ref>
* Zalen van Valinor<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/zalenvanvalinor</ref>
* De Zingende Hobbit, Amsterdam<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/zingendehobbit</ref>

Defunct<ref>http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wiwimod/index.php?page=Activities1993Netherlands</ref><ref>http://web.archive.org/web/19991114042637/http://www.unquendor.nl/byeen.html</ref>:
* Ar Caras, Nijmegen
* Armenelos, Oegstgeest
* Gondolin, Venray, innkeeper: [[Peter Schellen|Peter-Willem Schellen]]
* De Schelm, Oosterbeek<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20031205214048/http://www.unquendor.nl/bijeenkomsten/herbergen/schelm.html</ref>
* De Staart van de Draak, Oss
* De Steigerende Pony, Leiden
* Fairy Tale Inn, Utrecht
* Het Praathuis, Leiderdorp
* Orobar / Oromar, Lelystad
* Praathuis, Leiderdorp
* Rivendell, Deventer
* Silme, The Hague

===Lustrum Gatherings===
Every 5 years, the most recent being 2011, Unquendor organizes a weekend event to celebrate an additional 5 years of the society being in existence. These events are more international in nature and usually include lectures by known Tolkien scholars and artists: [[Cor Blok]] (2006), [[Tom Shippey]] (2011), [[Rayner Unwin]] (1997), [[Arne Zettersten]] (2006).

==Publications==
Unquendor also publishes the five-a-year magazine '[[Lembas (journal)|Lembas]]', in which the accounts of meetings and announcements for them are made known, but it includes Ardalogical and Tolkienistical essays as well, all of which are written by members of Unquendor. Unquendor also publishes an extra book each year, called the ''Lembas Extra'', in which all kinds of Tolkienological and Ardalogical articles, all in English, are published.

==Etymology==
'''Unquendor''' is neo-[[Quenya]] for "Hollow Land", and is a translation of the often perceived etymology of [[wikipedia:Holland#The_name_.22Holland.22|Holland]], "Hollow land". The correct etymology is of Holland, however, "Wooded land". "Hollow land" does apply to [[wikipedia:Holland%2C_Lincolnshire|Holland in Lincolnshire, UK]].

==External links==
* [http://www.unquendor.nl/ Official website]

[[Category:Dutch organizations]]
[[Category:Tolkien Societies]]
[[de:Die niederländische Tolkien Gesellschaft Unquendor]]

{{References}}

Unquendor

2011-11-14T01:32:00Z

Mithrennaith: pages from wayback can give outdated information ...

[[Image:Unquendor_logo.png|180px|right]]

'''Tolkien Genootschap Unquendor''' (Dutch: ''Tolkien Society [[#Etymology|Unquendor]]'') is the [[Tolkien Societies|Tolkien society]] in the Netherlands.

==History==
Unquendor was founded in [[1981]], on the birthday of Frodo and Bilbo, [[22 September|September 22]]th, after the example of the British [[The Tolkien Society|Tolkien Society]]. It steadily grew up to its current member count of about 220 people from all over the Dutch-speaking world, though Flanders has its own Society, [[Elanor (Tolkien Society)|''Elanor'']], and South Africa, which had its now dormant [[Haradrim (Tolkien Society)|''Haradrim'']], is usually considered under the influence of the English Tolkien Society.

==Members of Note==
*[[Jan Boom|Jan Boom (a.k.a. Fangorn)]]
*[[René van Rossenberg|René van Rossenberg (Parmahosta)]]

==Gatherings==
Unquendor organises a number of big events throughout the Netherlands, like:
* The "Joelfeest" ([[Yule]] party, December)
* Tolkien day (with annual general meeting, close to September 22th)
* "Slotfeest" (Castle/End (of year) Feast (same word for these in Dutch), June),
* "3-januari-diner" (Tolkien Birthday Diner, [[3 January|January 3]]rd)
* "Tolkien Leesdag" (Tolkien Reading Day, close to [[25 March|March 25]]th).
** [Has not been held in the most recent years.]
Unquendor also offers more regular meetings organised by its members throughout the Netherlands, called ''Herbergen'' ("Inns").

===Inns===
Unquendor's Inns are akin to the Tolkien Society's [[The Tolkien Society#Smials|Smials]]. These monthly to half-yearly meetings, of which Unquendor currently has about ten, are usually frequented by about eight people who then talk about Tolkien or Unquendor related issues. Since inception Inns have come and gone in Unquendor.

Active:
* Culinaire Herberg, Amersfoort
* Lay of Leithian, Tegelen, co-innkeepers: [[Jan Boom]], [[Marcel Coppers]], also published a Tolkien magazine<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/layofleithian</ref><ref>http://www.endore.it/Arretrati/5/Rubriche/biblioteca.pdf</ref><ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20031205215524/http://www.unquendor.nl/bijeenkomsten/lol/lol.html</ref>
* Mellonost, Nijmegen<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/mellonost</ref>
* Nieuwe Laantje aan de Sloot<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/nieuwelaantje</ref>
* Reizende Herberg, various locations<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/reizende</ref>
* Bij de Sarnvoorde, Assen<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/sarnvoorde</ref>
* De Witte Zwaan, Monnickendam<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/wittezwaan</ref>

Dormant:
* Den Swarte Draeck, Leiden, innkeeper: [[René van Rossenberg]]<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/swartedraeck</ref>
* Zalen van Valinor<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/zalenvanvalinor</ref>
* De Zingende Hobbit, Amsterdam<ref>http://www.unquendor.nl/herberg/zingendehobbit</ref>

Defunct<ref>http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wiwimod/index.php?page=Activities1993Netherlands</ref><ref>http://web.archive.org/web/19991114042637/http://www.unquendor.nl/byeen.html</ref>:
* Ar Caras, Nijmegen
* Armenelos, Oegstgeest
* Gondolin, Venray, innkeeper: [[Peter Schellen|Peter-Willem Schellen]]
* De Schelm, Oosterbeek<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20031205214048/http://www.unquendor.nl/bijeenkomsten/herbergen/schelm.html</ref>
* De Staart van de Draak, Oss
* De Steigerende Pony, Leiden
* Fairy Tale Inn, Utrecht
* Het Praathuis, Leiderdorp
* Orobar / Oromar, Lelystad
* Praathuis, Leiderdorp
* Rivendell, Deventer
* Silme, The Hague

===Lustrum Gatherings===
Every 5 years, the most recent being 2011, Unquendor organizes a weekend event to celebrate an additional 5 years of the society being in existence. These events are more international in nature and usually include lectures by known Tolkien scholars and artists: [[Cor Blok]] (2006), [[Tom Shippey]] (2011), [[Rayner Unwin]] (1997), [[Arne Zettersten]] (2006).

==Publications==
Unquendor also publishes the five-a-year magazine '[[Lembas (journal)|Lembas]]', in which the accounts of meetings and announcements for them are made known, but it includes Ardalogical and Tolkienistical essays as well, all of which are written by members of Unquendor. Unquendor also publishes an extra book each year, called the ''Lembas Extra'', in which all kinds of Tolkienological and Ardalogical articles, all in English, are published.

==Etymology==
'''Unquendor''' is neo-[[Quenya]] for "Hollow Land", and is a translation of the often perceived etymology of [[wikipedia:Holland#The_name_.22Holland.22|Holland]], "Hollow land". The correct etymology is of Holland, however, "Wooded land". "Hollow land" does apply to [[wikipedia:Holland%2C_Lincolnshire|Holland in Lincolnshire, UK]].

==External links==
* [http://www.unquendor.nl/ Official website]

[[Category:Dutch organizations]]
[[Category:Tolkien Societies]]
[[de:Die niederländische Tolkien Gesellschaft Unquendor]]

{{References}}

Tolkien Gateway talk:Meetings/13 November 2011

2011-11-13T17:41:58Z

Mithrennaith: /* Attendees */ seems I have the time after all ...

Please put any ideas for the agenda and any general discussion here. If you are going to attend (or not), please sign your name below.
==Attendees==
# {{User:KingAragorn/sig}}
# {{User:Mith/sig}} 18:54, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
# [[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 18:57, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
# {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:36, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
#* Can't make it too late, I have class at 9 on Monday.
# [[User:Gamling|Gamling]] 22:26, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
# [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 17:41, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

==Non-Attendees==
# [[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 14:05, 8 November 2011 (UTC)(test week)
#* Might attend the meeting, as my history test starts after 13:00.

==Ideas for Agenda==
*Where has Hyarion been? Has/can/will the problem with his account be fixed? --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 15:19, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
** This has been fixed.--{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:52, 13 November 2011 (UTC)
*Any progress on TG email addresses? --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 15:19, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
*Does the meeting agree that I should contact Ted Nasmtih, Alan Lee, and John Howe to request permission to use their artwork? And, if so, where can we get a digital version of all of Alan Lee's stuff? --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 15:19, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
*I think we all need to be braver and start tackling the bigger, more popular articles. Why don't we have a "Countdown to ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey''", wherein each month we go down the list of [[Special:PopularPages|popular pages]] and collaborate on articles which relate to ''The Hobbit''. So we would make perfect: [[Gandalf]], [[Sauron]] (the Necromancer page needs to be merged with Sauron), [[The Hobbit]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Elrond]], [[Thorin]] (still needs a bit of expansion in history section), [[Rivendell]], [[Battle of Five Armies]], [[Gollum]], [[Mirkwood]], [[Dol Guldur]], and [[Thranduil]].
**Maybe we can also include [[Galadriel]] and [[Radagast]], because they also appear in [[the Hobbit films]]? --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 15:41, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
***There are only 12 months in a year. Do you think [[Galadriel]] and [[Radagast]] are more important than [[Dol Guldur]] and [[Thranduil]]? I suppose we could not bother with Sauron; but, then again, Sauron really needs doing up. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 15:56, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
****You've a good point there, though we have 13 months before it's 14 December so we could have a 13th article. But I agree Dol Guldur and Thranduil are more important, but what about Erebor or one of the Dwarves as 13th article? --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 14:58, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
*Single/plural article names (I don't think we decided before). --{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:52, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

==Discussion==

__NOTOC__

User talk:Gamling

2011-06-30T23:18:39Z

Mithrennaith: /* Boffin family tree */ you’re welcome!

{{MediaWiki:NewUserMessage|Gamling}}

==Welcome==
Nice to have you on board! Hope you will enjoy editing on Tolkien Gateway! --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:53, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

:Seconded! A pleasure to have you around Gamling. I don't suppose you still have any pictures of that scroll? --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 01:06, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

::Well, I still have the scroll but I haven't photographed the whole thing. Perhaps that's a project I ought to do. If I do though the next suggestion will be to post it and I'd need some instructions on how and where to do so. {{unsigned|Gamling}}

:::Just let us know if you need any help, I'm sure there could be a place for images of the scroll here on TG.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 17:57, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

::::Welcome from me too! :) If you need any help in getting to grips with using the wiki software feel free to ask [[User:KingAragorn|me]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Morgan|Morgan]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] or [[User:Amroth|Amroth]]. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:21, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

:::::Welcome, hopely you will have a good time here. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 18:25, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

== British/American English ==

I've noticed that on a couple of occasions you have amended an article from British usage to American usage; just to let you know that both British English and American English is acceptable on the wiki (I think usage of it is about 50/50 at the moment). The general rule (which, admittedly, is not written down anywhere) is that whoever writes or rewrites an article effectively "claims" it for their language and future editors should respect that; so, for instance, in your excellent [[Letter 163]] no one should come along and change "labor" to "labour".

Keep up the good work! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:03, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

== Letters ==

Look at all those blue links! I just wanted to congratulate you on all your hard work on those letters. The section is an invaluable addition to TG and I'm sure a great many people will appreciate the time you spent on it. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 23:48, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

:Thank you for the congratulations Hyarion, but there is still one more, the epistolary [[Fastitocalon]] - '''[[Letter 131]]''' - which has as its "summary" just the head note and nothing of the body of the text. I have begun working on it but this one is going to take a bit of time. -- Gamling 00:02, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

:I second that [[User:Sage|Sage]] 08:02, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

::Great work, Gamling! It'll be interesting to see your next project on TG! --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 10:29, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

:::Nice Work! I actually didn't see that you were already this far. Now people who haven't purchased the letters (I for example) can finally find out what Tolkien wrote in these :) I also second Morgan about your next peolple (I like beer, by the way :P ). --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 15:11, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

I have just finished the summary of Letter 131 (9 pages in Word, out of 17 pages in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien", out of 41 pages in the original) so '''now''' the Letters are "done" (except for edits).

I didn't mean to disappear for a few days but that's what Letter 131 took. Since Morgan asked (seconded by Amroth), here's some of what I plan to do:
* Some of you may have seen me make corrections of grammar and misspelling here and there - that'll continue.
* Add references to various articles. When I updated "Rhimdath" it was because it had no references and I did not know where the information came from. I eventually found a reference but ''outside'' of the Tolkien Gateway. By the way, a number of people made tweaks to what I did which I am happy to see.
* I'm thinking about working on some of the Locations articles and I will probably continue to generate articles from the Wanted pages, especially those with lots of income and unfulfilled links.
In addition--
* Next week I will vanish again (for 4 days) to retrieve my son from college for the summer.
* With my son's help I will embark on a special project. Years ago I produced a 22-page essay on an aspect of Middle-earth. I now want to create a Website for this essay, and add diagrams and other pictorial aids. When it is done I'll let you know since I would appreciate comments. I will also ask if the Tolkien Gateway would want to reference what I will have done. I believe it will count as Tolkienology but that may be up to your judgment (which is why I've been greatly interested in following the Original Research discussion). I will still be active as a contributor to the Tolkien Gateway but some of my time will be on this other project.
-- Gamling 05:35, 15 May 2011 (UTC)

:Sound's Interesting. If you give me the link (once it's done) I'll certainly give comments. Though, it may cost some time since I've test week over 3 weeks. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 16:05, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

==Favor==
I would be grateful if you checked [[War of the Ring]]. For months it has been tagged as needing improvement. I made some effort to improve and make it a 'complete' article but since nobody contributed to it since then, there was no feedback or corrections to my blunders. Some paragraphs are awfully written and it would really need a second hand. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 06:40, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

==Comments on Edits==
On the Recent Changes page many editors have a short comment that appears after each of their edits, and they appear to have been written by the editor. I don't know how this is done and I'd like to be able to put in "Corrected typo" or "Added ref" when I've made such changes. Could someone please instruct me in how to added comments to appear in Recent Changes? --Gamling 03:42, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

:Certainly, it's quite easy. When you "edit" an article, there's a box called "summary" beneath the edit window and above the "save page"- and "show preview"-buttons. In this "summary" box you can add such short comments.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 07:49, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

::Thank you Morgan. I'm not called Gamling for nothing; on my computer the "Summary" box only has a line on top and my aged eyes never noticed that it was a box instead of just a separator line. --Gamling 18:49, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

== Talk Page Comments ==

If you type "<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>" or press [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/skins/common/images/button_sig.png this button] it will automatically put in your name and the time stamp; important it will format you name as "[[User:Gamling|Gamling]]" rather than "Gamling" enabling people to easily find your user name and talk page. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 18:56, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

== Boffin family tree ==

In changing the format of the Boffin family tree you have lost Otho Sackville-Baggins and sundry Bracegirdles (and Brandybucks). Otherwise you’re doing good work on the hobbits and their family trees! — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 03:46, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

::I have just put in the Bracegirdles and Otho back into the Boffin Family Tree. Originally I left them out because I thought that there was too much of the Bracegirdles and the Sackville-Baggins in the Boffins' Tree (in the version of the tree before mine the children of Hilda and Seredic had been added, which I felt was going too far astray from the Boffin line). However, including what's now back in the tree was what J.R.R. Tolkien created, so perhaps that's the best standard. What Tolkien ''should'' have done was keep all these family trees in separate pages in his own wiki, except that... --[[User:Gamling|Gamling]] 22:47, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

:Also, I now notice, your reformatting of the Brandybuck family tree has the side effect that it has now disappeared from [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]’s page, since it was rather cleverly transcluded there. I don’t know whether that was intentional, of course. But it has made me think (again), whether it would be a better idea to make these family trees into templates, so that they can be stuck into articles on family members. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 04:12, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

::Actually I suspected but didn't know that the Meriadoc article brought in the tree from the Brandybuck article. The Brandybuck tree before mine had a number of omissions (the "Two sons" under Sadoc, Menegilda Goold, Merimac Brandybuck, Berilac Brandybuck, and Peony Baggins were all left out) so eventually I was going to get to Meriadoc and made the changes.

::I'm not sure where I stand on including the whole family tree for major characters; it kind of makes the article look bloated. Perhaps a standard statement: "For the complete family tree of Meriadoc, please see the [[Brandybuck Family]]." would suffice, or perhaps this sentence plus a piece of the family tree surrounding the character of the article would be sufficient. So far only the [[Baggins Family]] has its tree in a template.

::By the way, it was you (Mithrennaith) who told me about [[Estella Bolger]] - thank you! --[[User:Gamling|Gamling]] 22:47, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

:::Now when did I do that, I wonder? (Though it’s just the thing I’m likely to do)
:::I agree with you about the problem of whole family trees making articles on individual family members look bloated. Your ideas are worth exploring. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 23:18, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Ar

2011-06-30T22:52:27Z

Mithrennaith: added link

The word '''''ar''''' or '''''âr''''' can have various meanings:

==Root==

*[[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]]: [[AR (root)|AR]]

==[[Adûnaic]]==
# A prefix used to denominate [[King of Númenor|kingship]], equivalent to [[Quenya]] ''[[tar|Tar-]]''

==[[Quenya]]==
# "And"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 70</ref>
# "Beside, outside, without"<ref name=PE17/>

===Etymology===

*[[Sundocarme|Root]] [[ADA]]<ref name=PE17/>

==[[Sindarin]]==
# "Beside, without" (archaic)
# A shorter form of ''[[ara]]'', "high, lofty, noble"
# '''Âr''' "king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)"

==[[Noldorin]]==

Tolkien apparently used the word ''ar'' to translate "and" in a Noldorin phrase inscribed on a draft of Thrór's Map.<ref name=AI/><ref name=H1/><ref name=Th/>

===Examples===

*Phrase on a draft of [[Thrór's Map]]: "''[[Lheben]] [[tâl|teil]] [[brand (word)|brann]] [[i]] [[annon]] [[ar]] [[neledh]] [[neledhi]] [[gar]] [[godrebh]]''" ("Five feet '''high''' the gate and three by three they go through together"<ref name=AI>{{HM|AI}}, pp. 92, 150 (note 6)</ref> or "Five feet '''high''' the door and three may walk abreast"<ref name=H1>{{H|1}} (translation by [[Gandalf]] of the [[Old English]] [[runes]] on the map)</ref><ref name=Th>[http://www.jrrvf.com/~glaemscrafu/texts/cartedethror-a.htm Thrór's map inscription] at [http://www.jrrvf.com/haut.shtml Jrrvf.com] (accessed 27 June 2011)</ref>)

==[[Westron]]==
# The name of the twenty-first [[Westron Tengwar|Tengwa]].

{{references}}

* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/qlist.htm Quenya Corpus Wordlist] at Ardalambion
* [http://www.uib.no/people/hnohf/adunaic.htm Adûnaic] at Ardalambion
* [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]
* [[Jim Allan]], ''[[Report from Marquette]]''

[[Category:Quenya conjunctions]]
[[Category:Quenya prepositions]]
[[Category:Adûnaic words]]
[[Category:Sindarin words]]
[[Category:Westron words]]
[[Category:Noldorin conjunctions]]

Everholt

2011-06-30T22:36:36Z

Mithrennaith: still tpo

'''Everholt''' was the name the [[Rohirrim]] gave to a section of the [[Firien Wood]]. It was notorious for its [[Boar of Everholt|boar]], after which the forest was named.<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref>
==Etymology==
The name means "boar-wood". The first element comes from [[Old English]] ''eofor'', "boar". The second element appears also in [[Dimholt]].

[[Eofor]] is also a [[Rohirric]] name.
{{references}}
[[Category: Forests]]
[[Category: Rohan]]
[[de:Firienwald]]
[[fi:Everholt]]

User talk:Gamling

2011-06-30T04:12:42Z

Mithrennaith: /* Boffin family tree */ family trees as templates?

{{MediaWiki:NewUserMessage|Gamling}}

==Welcome==
Nice to have you on board! Hope you will enjoy editing on Tolkien Gateway! --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:53, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

:Seconded! A pleasure to have you around Gamling. I don't suppose you still have any pictures of that scroll? --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 01:06, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

::Well, I still have the scroll but I haven't photographed the whole thing. Perhaps that's a project I ought to do. If I do though the next suggestion will be to post it and I'd need some instructions on how and where to do so. {{unsigned|Gamling}}

:::Just let us know if you need any help, I'm sure there could be a place for images of the scroll here on TG.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 17:57, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

::::Welcome from me too! :) If you need any help in getting to grips with using the wiki software feel free to ask [[User:KingAragorn|me]], [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]], [[User:Morgan|Morgan]], [[User:Mith|Mith]], [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] or [[User:Amroth|Amroth]]. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:21, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

:::::Welcome, hopely you will have a good time here. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 18:25, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

== British/American English ==

I've noticed that on a couple of occasions you have amended an article from British usage to American usage; just to let you know that both British English and American English is acceptable on the wiki (I think usage of it is about 50/50 at the moment). The general rule (which, admittedly, is not written down anywhere) is that whoever writes or rewrites an article effectively "claims" it for their language and future editors should respect that; so, for instance, in your excellent [[Letter 163]] no one should come along and change "labor" to "labour".

Keep up the good work! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:03, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

== Letters ==

Look at all those blue links! I just wanted to congratulate you on all your hard work on those letters. The section is an invaluable addition to TG and I'm sure a great many people will appreciate the time you spent on it. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 23:48, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

:Thank you for the congratulations Hyarion, but there is still one more, the epistolary [[Fastitocalon]] - '''[[Letter 131]]''' - which has as its "summary" just the head note and nothing of the body of the text. I have begun working on it but this one is going to take a bit of time. -- Gamling 00:02, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

:I second that [[User:Sage|Sage]] 08:02, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

::Great work, Gamling! It'll be interesting to see your next project on TG! --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 10:29, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

:::Nice Work! I actually didn't see that you were already this far. Now people who haven't purchased the letters (I for example) can finally find out what Tolkien wrote in these :) I also second Morgan about your next peolple (I like beer, by the way :P ). --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 15:11, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

I have just finished the summary of Letter 131 (9 pages in Word, out of 17 pages in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien", out of 41 pages in the original) so '''now''' the Letters are "done" (except for edits).

I didn't mean to disappear for a few days but that's what Letter 131 took. Since Morgan asked (seconded by Amroth), here's some of what I plan to do:
* Some of you may have seen me make corrections of grammar and misspelling here and there - that'll continue.
* Add references to various articles. When I updated "Rhimdath" it was because it had no references and I did not know where the information came from. I eventually found a reference but ''outside'' of the Tolkien Gateway. By the way, a number of people made tweaks to what I did which I am happy to see.
* I'm thinking about working on some of the Locations articles and I will probably continue to generate articles from the Wanted pages, especially those with lots of income and unfulfilled links.
In addition--
* Next week I will vanish again (for 4 days) to retrieve my son from college for the summer.
* With my son's help I will embark on a special project. Years ago I produced a 22-page essay on an aspect of Middle-earth. I now want to create a Website for this essay, and add diagrams and other pictorial aids. When it is done I'll let you know since I would appreciate comments. I will also ask if the Tolkien Gateway would want to reference what I will have done. I believe it will count as Tolkienology but that may be up to your judgment (which is why I've been greatly interested in following the Original Research discussion). I will still be active as a contributor to the Tolkien Gateway but some of my time will be on this other project.
-- Gamling 05:35, 15 May 2011 (UTC)

:Sound's Interesting. If you give me the link (once it's done) I'll certainly give comments. Though, it may cost some time since I've test week over 3 weeks. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 16:05, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

==Favor==
I would be grateful if you checked [[War of the Ring]]. For months it has been tagged as needing improvement. I made some effort to improve and make it a 'complete' article but since nobody contributed to it since then, there was no feedback or corrections to my blunders. Some paragraphs are awfully written and it would really need a second hand. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 06:40, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

==Comments on Edits==
On the Recent Changes page many editors have a short comment that appears after each of their edits, and they appear to have been written by the editor. I don't know how this is done and I'd like to be able to put in "Corrected typo" or "Added ref" when I've made such changes. Could someone please instruct me in how to added comments to appear in Recent Changes? --Gamling 03:42, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

:Certainly, it's quite easy. When you "edit" an article, there's a box called "summary" beneath the edit window and above the "save page"- and "show preview"-buttons. In this "summary" box you can add such short comments.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 07:49, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

::Thank you Morgan. I'm not called Gamling for nothing; on my computer the "Summary" box only has a line on top and my aged eyes never noticed that it was a box instead of just a separator line. --Gamling 18:49, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

== Talk Page Comments ==

If you type "<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>" or press [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/skins/common/images/button_sig.png this button] it will automatically put in your name and the time stamp; important it will format you name as "[[User:Gamling|Gamling]]" rather than "Gamling" enabling people to easily find your user name and talk page. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 18:56, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

== Boffin family tree ==

In changing the format of the Boffin family tree you have lost Otho Sackville-Baggins and sundry Bracegirdles (and Brandybucks). Otherwise you’re doing good work on the hobbits and their family trees! — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 03:46, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

:Also, I now notice, your reformatting of the Brandybuck family tree has the side effect that it has now disappeared from [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]’s page, since it was rather cleverly transcluded there. I don’t know whether that was intentional, of course. But it has made me think (again), whether it would be a better idea to make these family trees into templates, so that they can be stuck into articles on family members. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 04:12, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Talk:Gnomish

2011-06-30T03:50:55Z

Mithrennaith: agreed

How about moving this article to "Gnomish"? I notice that I always use "Gnomish" when referencing to this language in other articles. I also believe that it is much more likely that a reader would search for "Gnomish" rather than "''Goldogrin''".--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:12, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

:+1--{{User:Mith/sig}} 22:58, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

::+1 — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 03:50, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

User talk:Gamling

2011-06-30T03:46:59Z

Mithrennaith: /* Boffin family tree */ new section

The Yale

2011-06-30T03:23:26Z

Mithrennaith: to avoid confusion with ‘to exite’

'''The Yale''' was a region of [[the Shire]]. The road that emerged from the [[Woody End]] descended into the lowlands of the Yale.<ref>{{FR|I3}}</ref>

==History==

The Yale was of old the home of the [[Boffin Family|Boffins]].<ref>{{App|Boffin}}</ref> Their homes lay in the [[Eastfarthing]], between the [[Bridgefields]] and [[the Marish]].<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Yale'' is of course a well known surname derived from a Welsh place name.<ref name="Mathomium">[[Mark T. Hooker]], ''[[A Tolkienian Mathomium]]'', pp. 42-47</ref> This fits right in with Tolkien's comment to the Dutch Translator, [[Max Schuchart]], that there were "'Celtic' elements in [[Buckland]] and [[Eastfarthing|East-farthing]] names."<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 93</ref> The modern meaning is "fertile upland", based on the location of the best known ''Yale'', the [[wikipedia:commote|commote]] of Iaal in Powys, the traditional home of the kings of Powys.<ref name="Mathomium"/>

{{references}}

[[Category:Shire]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Regions of the Shire]]
[[de:Hugel]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/comte/le_val]]
[[fi:Jeil]]

Telpë

2011-06-30T03:06:17Z

Mithrennaith: english

__NOTOC__
'''''telpe'''''<ref name=L347/><ref name=UT6e/><ref name=LR>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 366-7</ref> (or '''''telpë'''''<ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}} (entry for ''celeb'')</ref>), '''''tyelpe'''''<ref name=L347>{{L|347}}, p. 426</ref><ref name=UT6e>{{UT|6e}}</ref><ref name=LR/> (or '''''tyelpë'''''<ref name=Shibb/>), '''''tyelep-'''''<ref name=UT6e/>, and '''''telep'''''<ref name=SApp/>, are [[Quenya]] words for "[[silver]]".

==Etymology==

In a letter, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] stated that the form ''tyelpe'' derives from [[Primitive Elvish]] ''[[kyelepē]]''.<ref name=L347/>

It appears like ''tyelpe'' is the most ancient (or "pure") Quenya word for silver; the form ''telpe'', which became the usual form among the Quenya-speaking [[Elves]], was borrowed from (or influenced by) [[Telerin]] ''[[telepi|telpe]]'' (itself apparently a later form of the original Telerin form ''[[telepi]]'').<ref name=L347/><ref name=UT6e/><ref name=Shibb>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 356 (note 4)</ref><ref name=LR/>

[[Christopher Tolkien]] has noted that ''tyelep-'', ''tyelpe'' derive from [[Sundocarme|root]] [[KYELEP]].<ref name=UT6e/> In the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'', ''telpe'', ''tyelpe'' derive from root [[KYELEP|KYELEP/TELEP]].<ref name=LR/>

==Cognates==
*[[Sindarin]] ''[[celeb]]''
*[[Telerin]] ''[[telepi|telepi/telpe]]''
*[[Ilkorin]] ''[[telf]]''

==See also==
* ''[[Telperion]]''
* ''[[Telperinquar]]''

{{references}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Telerin words]]

Leonid Korablev Calendar

2011-06-30T02:04:04Z

Mithrennaith: unattested use of ‘astar’ — see talk

[[Image:Leonid Korablev Calendar 1995.jpg|thumb]]

The '''[[Leonid Korablev]] Calendar''' is a single-sheet calendar created in [[1995]]. It is actually a syncretic or 'universal' calendar which combines the [[Reckoning of Rivendell]] and the [[King's Reckoning]], neatly fitting the 12 months of the latter in the 6 ‘seasons’ of the former, and these regularized in the astronomical positions of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] as observed by the peoples of [[Middle-earth]].

For example, the year begins on the [[yestare]] of 25 March (vernal equinox, which is also the [[Cormare]]); the first month is [[Víresse]], being the first half of the ‘season’ [[Tuile]].

Each ‘season’ has normally 54 days since each month has 27 days. The exceptions are the ‘seasons’ [[Laire]] and [[Hríve]] who last 72 days since each of their months are 36 days long.

As in the [[Shire Reckoning]], the days of the week are fixed to each date. That means that 1 Víresse of each year, falls always on day [[Elenya]].

* Dimensions: 8 1/2 x 6 inches

==External links==
* [http://www.shelltown.net/~dangweth/lenya1.html Leonid Korablev's website]

[[Category:Calendars]]

Talk:Leonid Korablev Calendar

2011-06-30T01:53:55Z

Mithrennaith: on attested use of ''astar'' — linkfix after unexpected page save

==Astar==

Although the basic etymology of ''asta'' seems to be ‘part, division’ [‍{{VT|42}}, pp. 20, 30; {{VT|48}}, p. 11], its use in calendars and chronology is attested only for the months of the [[King's Reckoning|Númenórean calendar]], 12 to a year, and not for the divisions of the Eldarin year, as seen in the [[Reckoning of Rivendell|Calendar of Imladris]], into 6 “periods that might be regarded either as long months or short seasons” [‍{{App|D}}]. Therefor I feel it is inappropriate to use ''astar'' to designate the ‘long months’/‘short seasons’ of the Calendar of Imladris in opposition to the Númenórean months. I have therefor removed this usage. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 01:45, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Talk:Leonid Korablev Calendar

2011-06-30T01:45:16Z

Mithrennaith: on p

==Astar==

Although the basic etymology of ''asta'' seems to be ‘part, division’ [{{VT|42}}, pp. 20, 30; {{VT|48}}, p. 11], its use in calendars and chronology is attested only for the months of the [[King's Reckoning|Númenórean calendar]], 12 to a year, and not for the divisions of the Eldarin year, as seen in the [[Reckoning of Rivendell|Calendar of Imladris]], into 6 “periods that might be regarded either as long months or short seasons” [{{App|D}}]. Therefor I feel it is inappropriate to use ''astar'' to designate the ‘long months’/‘short seasons’ of the Calendar of Imladris in opposition to the Númenórean months. I have therefor removed this usage. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 01:45, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Celeborn

2011-06-29T00:54:19Z

Mithrennaith: The UT late version explicitly makes him a grandson of Olwë / Telerin ≠ Quenya

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
{{disambig-two|the Lord of Lórien|the Tree|[[Celeborn (White Tree)]]}}
{{teleri infobox
| image=[[Image:Hope_Hoover_-_Celeborn_sketch.jpg|280px]]
| name=Celeborn
| othernames= [[Telerin|T.]] ''[[Teleporno]]''; Lord of the Wood, Lord of Lórien, Lord of the [[Galadhrim]]
| titles=Lord of the [[Lothlórien|Golden Wood]]
| birth=Mid to late [[Years of the Trees|Y.O.T.T]]
| realm=[[Alqualondë]], [[Lindon]], [[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]]
| death=Did not die; sailed [[Valinor|West]] in the early [[Fourth Age]]
| age=About 7,100
| spouse=[[Galadriel]]
| children=[[Celebrían]]
| parentage=Uncertain, see [[#Controversy|below]]
| gender=Male
| hair=Silver
}}{{Pronounce|Celeborn.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Celeborn''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "silver-tall", pron. {{IPA|[ˈkeleborn]}}) was a noble of the [[Falmari]], who wedded the famous [[Galadriel]] of the [[Noldor]] and eventually became [[Lord of Lórien]]. He remains a fairly unsubstantial character in the legendarium, for despite his profound effect upon the doings of the first age, there is very little direct information on him as a person, mostly overshadowed by his wife.

==History==
===Early life===

According to some accounts, Celeborn was a [[Teler]] of noble rank in [[Alqualondë]], born '''[[Teleporno]]''', grandson of [[Olwë]], King of the [[Falmari]].<ref name="GC">{{UT|6}}</ref><ref name="Shib">{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>

[[Galadriel|Artanis]], Olwë's granddaughter and a [[Noldor]]in princess of great beauty, often spent long visits to Alqualondë and her mother’s kin. During this time the two fell in love, and Teleporno gave her the romantic epithet ''[[Alatáriel]]'', meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland".<ref name="Shib"/> Teleporno's name gained an additional [[Quenya]] form, '''[[Telporno]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[telˈporno]}}).

Later, Teleporno and Artanis helped to defend Alqualondë from the Noldor during the [[First Kinslaying]]. Nevertheless, Artanis’s heart was fired by the stories of [[Fëanor]] of the open lands across the [[Belegaer|sea]]. She urged Teleporno to take a ship westward to [[Endor]], and he gave in. In doing so the two fell under the [[Ban of the Valar]].

Other accounts say that Celeborn was a Sindarin prince from Doriath, the grandson of [[Elmo]] (the brother of Elwe/Thingol). As a result there has been many debates about his origins and early life. See ''[[#Controversy|Controversy]]''.

===First Age===
In [[Beleriand]], Teleporno and Artanis were greeted by [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], High King of the [[Sindar]] and Lord of [[Doriath]]. The two gave him news of his old brothers and friends, Olwë and Finwë, but they said nothing about the kinslaying. Teleporno eventually [[Sindarin]]ized his name to Celeborn; Artanis Sindarinized the epithet Celeborn had given her, and Alatáriel became Galadriel.

For the rest of the [[First Age]] Celeborn and Galadriel appear to have remained inactive, not affecting the course of events in Beleriand so much as their relatives, both Sindarin and Noldorin. For a time they dwelt in [[Nargothrond]], but had moved back to [[Doriath]] by the year [[First Age 300|300]]. They were not mentioned in the sacks of [[Nargothrond]], Doriath, and the [[Havens of Sirion|Havens]], and so it may be presumed that they escaped one or more of these, or else moved down to the [[Isle of Balar]]. After the [[War of Wrath]], the two were given the choice as to whether or not they wanted to go back to [[Aman]]. Galadriel, hurt and proud, refused the pardon. Celeborn, whether because he felt the same way or for his wife's sake, likewise declined.<ref>{{S|III}}</ref>

===Second Age===
[[Image:Rowena Morrill - The Swan-Boat of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|''Galadriel and Celeborn'' as drawn by Rowena Morrill.]]
After the fall of Beleriand, Celeborn ruled the fief of [[Harlindon]], which was composed mostly of [[Sindar]], under the [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Gil-galad]].<ref>{{PM|X}}, p. 328 (note 65)</ref> He and Galadriel eventually moved to or founded [[Eregion]]. After [[Celebrimbor]] had largely taken over, they made contact with the [[Nandor]] of [[Lórinand]], across the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]]. Not long after they went through [[Moria]] to live there, becoming great among its people.

Celeborn fought in the [[Sack of Eregion]], and he and Elrond narrowly escaped to a dell, where the latter founded [[Rivendell]].<ref name="GC"/>
After the making of the [[Rings of Power|rings]] and the Sack of Eregion, Galadriel received one of the [[Three Rings]], [[Nenya]]. After [[Amdír]], King of Lórinand, died, so fell also [[Sauron]], and [[the One Ring]] was lost. So Galadriel was able to put her ring to use, and made Lórinand even more beautiful and powerful.

===Third Age===
After King [[Amroth]] died, Celeborn and Galadriel ruled jointly as the [[Lord and Lady]] over Lórinand, now known as [[Lothlórien]]. It was during this time that Galadriel bore Celeborn their first child, a daughter named [[Celebrían]]. Their daughter took as a husband [[Elrond]], and dwelt in [[Imladris]].

In response to the growing threat of [[Dol Guldur]], the [[White Council]] was formed in [[Third Age 2463|T.A. 2463]]. Galadriel was on it; it is likely that Celeborn was also a member[[#References|6]]. Some time after, during the calm before the [[War of the Ring]] in [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]]), Lórien received the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], composed of various characters on the quest to destroy [[the One Ring]]. He offered advice, and boats for the [[Anduin]], speeding them on their way.

Celeborn's most significant recorded actions came in the year following, when he repulsed three attacks by [[orcs]] of [[Dol Guldur]]. Celeborn then marshall his forces to cross the [[Anduin]] and [[Fall of Dol Guldur|lay siege to Dol Guldur]]. He captured the fortress, and Galadriel threw down its walls and purified it.

===After the War of the Ring===

Celeborn attended the wedding of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his granddaughter [[Arwen]], and on the journey to return bade a fond farewell to [[Treebeard]] as well.

{{quote|I do not think we shall meet again." "I do not know, Eldest.|[[Treebeard]] and Celeborn, ''[[Many Partings]]''}}.

Celeborn returned to Lothlórien, but the power of [[Nenya]] was broken. It no longer was filled with the light and life it had before. Galadriel shortly after passed West with the other [[Ring-bearers]], and Celeborn, weary, moved to [[Imladris]] to live with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], Elrond’s sons. After [[Círdan]]’s departure Celeborn was the last of the [[Wise]] in Middle-earth, they that had seen the glory of [[Valinor]] and the struggles of [[Elves|Elvenkind]]. It is not recorded when he sought the [[Grey Havens]] and sailed west, but when he did so he took with him the last memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth[[#References|7]].

==Character==

What can be gleaned of his personality is that he was quick-thinking and swift to act, one of the wisest elves of Middle-earth in the Third Age. He was a warrior too, leading his followers into battle against [[Dol Guldur]] and other menaces. He is constantly shown deferring to his wife; sometimes for good<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''</ref>, sometimes for ill<ref name="GC"/>.

==Controversy==
Up to the time when ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' was published, there had been no mention of Celeborn in the previously written legendarium. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] later attempted multiple times to fix upon the story behind such an important elf.

In his first writings (which make up the bulk of the matter of Celeborn), the elf-lord is portrayed as a kinsman of Thingol, and met Galadriel when she came with the Noldor into exile. This was the approach chosen by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and [[Guy Kay]] for ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. In a brief, speculative paper written by Tolkien included in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', Celeborn is made Thingol’s grandnephew, by the King’s brother [[Elmo]]. Elmo, also linked to Círdan, appears nowhere else in the legendarium.

A Sindarin origin as Elmo's Grandson has been the most widely accepted one of all but Celeborn as a Telerin prince seems a late development, and there is some dispute as to which is the more canonical.

In Tolkien's last writings Celeborn is a [[Falmari]]n Elf from Valinor, then named Teleporno in [[Telerin]] (this brings him closer to being a peer and equal to Galadriel and makes their partnership seem more balanced).<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 347, 364 (note 46)</ref> The name Teleporno was then "Sindarized" as Celeborn. In this account Celeborn is stated to have been a grandson of the Telerin king Olwë, so that he still was a kinsman of the Sindarin king Thingol.<ref name="GC"/>

This altered origin was not adopted into the published Silmarillion, primarily because it would have necessitated a major rewrite of the earlier parts to account for a separate departure of Galadriel. A further problem was that this descent would have made the couple first or second cousin (assuming that he was still to be considered closely related to Thingol), and Elves never married close kin.

This account is considered by many to be of greater canonical significance than the previous one, due to its later date and is included in this article.

==Etymology==
''Celeborn'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of ''[[celeb]]'' ("silver") + a derivative of ''[[ornā]]'' ("tall"). ''Teleporno'', his original [[Telerin]] name, has an identical meaning. The name Teleporno was "Sindarized" as ''Celeborn'': [[Telerin]] ''[[telepi|telpe]]'' ("silver") (Quenya ''[[telpe|tyelpe]]'') was transformed to Sindarin ''celeb''.<ref>{{UT|6e}}</ref>

He was given the epithet "the Wise" by Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
[[Image:PJ's LotR - Celeborn1.jpg|thumb|[[Marton Csokas]] plays Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]].]]

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Celeborn did not have a speaking role. He only appeared beside [[Galadriel]] for a brief shot.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'''''
:Celeborn was voiced by [[Simon Cadell]].

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Celeborn is played by [[Marton Csokas]]. The role was extremely small in the theatrical version, but expanded slightly in the Extended Edition of ''The Fellowship of the Ring''. In that version, he participates in giving gifts to the Fellowship as they are leaving Lórien. Notably, he gives [[Aragorn]] a dagger and warns him of the dangers the Fellowship will face while sailing down the [[Anduin]].

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Celeborn leaves for Valinor with Galadriel and the other Ringbearers, rather than remaining behind as in the book.

{{references}}
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] [[Appendix A|A]] and [[Appendix B|B]].
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[Prologue]]''.

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Celeborn|Images of Celeborn]].

==External Links==
* [http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/tolkien/96308 Celeborn Unplugged], an essay by [[Michael Martinez]] on the importance of Celeborn in the legendarium.
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Falmari]]
[[Category:Years of the Trees characters]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Celeborn (Elb)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:celeborn]]
[[fi:Celeborn]]

Talk:Tolkien Gateway

2011-06-29T00:20:14Z

Mithrennaith: /* Wikifactor */ done the work

Things to add in (notes to myself and others):
* Negotiations with TORn (2007? 2008?);
* Earliest history about which we know little;
* <s>Growth in members (I have this);</s> (see [[Tolkien Gateway:Membership Growth]])
* Growth in articles (I don't have this);
* <s>Important events in community (within history, not separate section);</s>
* <s>Screenshots of TG.</s> --{{User:Mith/sig}} 16:49, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

==Discussion==
By 'Negotiations with TORn (2007? 2008?)' do you mean the email exchanges I had with them? I can post them here if you like. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:51, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

:It's up to you, you can do. (I've finished doing what I can with this article, now, so hoping others will add/change as they see fit.) --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:03, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

::I might do it when I get time. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 22:11, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

==Praise==
GREAT article Mith! Good work! :D --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 22:11, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

==Wikifactor==

Should we mention in this article that our [http://wikiindex.org/Category:WikiFactor WikiFactor] is 39? --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 11:36, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

:It might be worth it. [http://wikiindex.org/Tolkien_Gateway It says here] that we're WikiFactor 32 (not 39, as you said) and they've classed us as a vibrant wiki. Although it still classes us an an OpenEdit wiki, when we're not (for the time being at least). --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 12:02, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

::The last time they updated that was in May 2010, I've calculated the new Wikifactor (with [http://www.tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Special:PopularPages Popular Pages]) which is 39. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 12:16, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

::Edit: Just to let you know I updated [http://wikiindex.org/Tolkien_Gateway their page] a bit. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 12:25, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

:::Just wondering, why did you take us down from [http://wikiindex.org/Category:Vibrant vibrant] to [http://wikiindex.org/Category:Active active], Amroth? — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 05:18, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

::::+1 on that question. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 07:32, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

:::::According to [http://wikiindex.org/Category:Wiki_Status this list], a wiki is vibrant when it is more then active. I don't think there are that much edits to be a wiki that is more then active. But if you don't agree, go ahead and change it. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 08:31, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

::::::From the description of the [http://wikiindex.org/Category:Active Category:active], also when combined with that list, I get the impression that ‘active’ describes a very basic level where the wiki is functional and basic housekeeping is performed. Our wiki is definitely more than that, there are several editors who develop projects or work more or less steadily to improve a specific group of articles or field of knowledge. Also, don’t forget that we have regular meetings.
::::::Furthermore, the description of the [http://wikiindex.org/Category:Vibrant Category:vibrant] gives a number of grounds to conclude that a wiki is more than active, enough to merit the label ‘vibrant’. We certainly have significant content; the fact that we are discussed now and again on other Tolkien sites and fora indicates that we generate a certain level of interest. Moreover, it was apparently already felt that TG merited the label ‘vibrant’, I think there is enough ground to let that stand. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 23:32, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

:::::::Right, I’ve put it back to ‘vibrant’, I’ve also repaired (‘with duct-tape’) the broken image of our logo there and the broken link to our stats, updated the number of pages and added our interwiki partners there (same as had already been done for Ardapedia, the others are not listed on wikiindex). — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 00:20, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

Talk:Tolkien Gateway

2011-06-28T23:32:03Z

Mithrennaith: /* Wikifactor */ enough grounds to say we’re vibrant

File talk:Felix Sotomayor - Elu Thingol.jpg

2011-06-28T22:54:51Z

Mithrennaith: change to keep with warning

== Nonsense tengwar ==

This pictures displays ''‘Mode of Boloneyland’'', that is nonsense [[Tengwar#Non-Unicode|tengwar]] as used by incompentent persons who have no understanding of the script at all and think it just codes for the Latin alfabet. I suggest we get rid of it, as I agree with Sage [[Talk:Thingol|when he said]] that a serious Tolkien wiki should not use a picture abusing tengwar in this scrappy way. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 04:13, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

:It's not Mode of Boloneyland, it's just someone who doesn't understand [[Dan Smith]]'s keymapping. Either way, I vote deletion. -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 07:05, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

::It seems that no one likes this image. Let's delete it. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 15:10, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

:::Ederchil, that’s exactly the definition of ''‘Mode of Boloneyland’''. Maybe we should write an article on it (or a section in the [[Tengwar]] article) and keep this as an example ... — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 21:25, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

::::I don't vote for deletion. I like this image, despite the crap Tengwar. Furthermore, it sets a precedent that images must be 100% accurate in every way. Wrong eye colour? Delete. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 22:15, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

:::::I think Mith has a good point there.. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 11:10, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

::::::I agree with Mith that there is no consensus for deletion. I’m myself moving over to his opinion, that is that scrappy Tengwar are no reason not to have the image. Also agree with him that the precedent would be undesirable.
::::::I want to suggest, however, that the problem with the tengwar be mentioned on the file page, with an injunction not to use it for infoboxes, and other flagstaff locations. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 22:54, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

Talk:Tolkien Gateway

2011-06-28T05:18:41Z

Mithrennaith: /* Wikifactor */ why take us down a peg?

Vinyar Tengwar

2011-06-28T05:00:23Z

Mithrennaith: small addition

[[Image:Vinyar Tengwar.png|frame]]
'''''Vinyar Tengwar''''' is a linguistic journal published by the [[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]], dedicated to the scholarly study of the invented languages of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

''"Vinyar Tengwar"'' is ''Dog-[[Quenya]]'' for "News Letters". ''Vinyar'' is the plural of ''[[vinya]]'', "new", and ''[[Tengwar]]'' means "letters". Despite the incorrectness of the title, it was kept for old times' sake and also because the correct form proposed to replace it, ''Vinyë Tengwar'', means "new letters" instead of "news letters".

==Issues==

''Vinyar Tengwar'' first appeared in 1988, at first edited by [[Jorge Quiñonez]] and later taken over by [[Carl F. Hostetter]]. It appeared in bimonthly intervals at first, but after July 1994, issues appeared more irregularly, roughly once a year. This coincided with the greater frequency of publication of texts written by Tolkien himself; the journal is now dedicated primarily to such texts. Several of these texts were mentioned in volumes of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', edited by [[Christopher_Tolkien|Christopher Tolkien]], but not published in that series owing to their specialist or recondite nature.

Back issues of the journal are now available for all issues, and published in collections of ten issues on a per-order basis.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Vinyar Tengwar issues]]
*''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'', a sibling publication of ''Vinyar Tengwar''

==External links==
*[http://www.elvish.org/VT ''Vinyar Tengwar'']
*[http://www.elvish.org/VT/shop.html The ''Vinyar Tengwar'' Web Shop, which lists the contents of each issue of VT and provides ordering information]
*[http://www.elvish.org/errata/VT-Errata.pdf ''Vinyar Tengwar'' Errata]

[[Category:Journals]]
[[CATEGORY:Publications by title]]

[[de:Vinyar Tengwar]]
[[fi:Vinyar Tengwar]]

Eru

2011-06-28T04:50:09Z

Mithrennaith: that’s not a typo, it’s a different word

{{sources}}
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|Eru during the [[Great Music]].]]
{{quote|But [[Rúmil (Elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]] said: 'Ilúvatar was the first beginning, and beyond that no wisdom of the [[Valar]] or of [[Eldar]] or of [[Men]] can go.' 'Who was Ilúvatar?' asked [[Eriol]]. 'Was he of the [[Gods]]?' 'Nay,' said Rúmil, 'that he was not, for he made them. Ilúvatar is the Lord for Always who dwells beyond the world; who made it and is not of it nor in it, but loves it.' |''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part 1]]'', "[[The Music of the Ainur]]"}}
{{Pronounce|Eru.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Eru''' ("The One" in [[Quenya]]; pronounced {{IPA|[ˈeru]}}), also called '''[[Ilúvatar]]''' ("Father of All"), is the name in the Silmarillion for the supreme God for [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. He is the single omnipotent creator, but has delegated most direct action within Eä to the Ainur, including the shaping of the Earth ([[Arda]]) itself.

He is considered the [[Creation of the Ainur|father]] of the [[Ainur]], thus in lineage charts Ainur are shown as [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. However, not all of the Ainur were considered to be siblings. For instance, Manwë, Varda, and Melkor's father is Ilúvatar, and Melkor and Manwë were considered brothers; Varda was not considered their sister.

== Eru as Creator God ==
[[Elves]] and [[Men]] were created by Eru directly, without delegation to the Ainur, and they are therefore called "Children of Ilúvatar" (''[[Eruhini]]''). The [[Dwarves]] were "adopted" by Eru in the sense that they were created by [[Aulë]] but given sapience by Eru. Animals and plants were probably fashioned by Ainur after themes set out by Eru in the [[Music of the Ainur]], although this is questionable in cases where animals exhibit sapience, as in the case of [[Huan]], or the [[Eagles]].

The activities of Eru on the life of Arda or Ea is not clear. [[Manwë]] was the vicegerent<ref>{{S|1}}</ref> of Eru on Arda. The [[Changing of the World]] was made by Eru, something that the Valar themselves could not have done. According to ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]'' Eru would someday enter Ea to save his Children.

==Etymology==
The name comes from the [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[ER]] meaning "one, alone".
==Inspiration==
Tolkien understood Eru not as a "fictional deity" but as a name in a fictional language for the actual monotheistic God, although in a mythological or fictional context. In a draft of a letter of [[1954]] to Peter Hastings, manager of the Newman Bookshop (a Catholic bookshop in [[Oxford]]), Tolkien defended non-orthodox aspects as rightly within the scope of his mythology, as an exploration of the infinite "potential variety" of God. Regarding the possibility of reincarnation of [[Elves]], Hastings had written:
{{quote|God has not used that device in any of the creations of which we have knowledge, and it seems to me to be stepping beyond the position of a sub-creator to produce it as an actual working thing, because a sub-creator, when dealing with the relations between creator and created, should use those channels which he knows the creator to have used already|Peter Hastings}}

Tolkien's reply contains an explanation of his view of the relation of (divine) Creation to (human) [[sub-creation]]:
{{quote|We differ entirely about the nature of the relation of sub-creation to Creation. I should have said that liberation "from the channels the creator is known to have used already" is the fundamental function of "sub-creation", a tribute to the infinity of His potential variety [...] I am not a metaphysician; but I should have thought it a curious metaphysic — there is not one but many, indeed potentially innumerable ones — that declared the channels known (in such a finite corner as we have any inkling of) to have been used, are the only possible ones, or efficacious, or possibly acceptable to and by Him!|J.R.R. Tolkien, [[Letter 153]]}}

Hastings had also criticised the description of [[Tom Bombadil]] by [[Goldberry]]: ''"He is"'', saying that this seemed to imply that Bombadil was God.

Tolkien replied to this:
:''As for Tom Bombadil, I really do think you are being too serious, besides missing the point. [...] You rather remind me of a Protestant relation who to me objected to the (modern) Catholic habit of calling priests Father, because the name father belonged only to the First Person.''

The coming of Eru to save his children could come from the idea of the Messiah.

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Eru]]

Took Family

2011-06-28T04:36:50Z

Mithrennaith: sundry tweaks, corrections & queries

The '''Took''' family was the pre-eminent clan of [[Hobbits]] in [[the Shire]], being wealthy and having held the office of the [[Thain]] for centuries.<ref>{{FR|Ordering}}</ref> ("Took" was pronounced like "Two-k", not like "book" or "took" as in the past tense of "taken"{{fact}}).

==Territory, origins and customs==

The majority of the Tooks lived in the [[Great Smials]] of [[Tuckborough]] and in the surrounding area of [[Tookland]], which lay in the [[Westfarthing]].<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref> A smaller clan called the '''[[North-took Family|North-tooks]]''' lived far up in the [[Northfarthing]]; these were descendants of the legendary hero [[Bandobras Took]].<ref name="Took">{{App|Took}}</ref>

Tooks were mainly of [[Fallohides|Fallohide]] Hobbit stock, and were more adventurous than the other Hobbits.<ref name=”hobbits”>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> They also had quite a reputation for unusual behavior, a quality not exactly valued by most hobbits; for this reason they were seen as less respectable. The [[Istari|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] was a known, if disreputable, associate.<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref> [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] both had Took mothers.

As was customary in traditional hobbit families, the head of the Took family ruled the clan with his wife, thus upon his death, she continued to rule as the matriarch of the family. Such was the case with [[Lalia Clayhanger]] who succeeded her husband, [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras]], to clan leadership. However, the Thainship passed only through male descent, so her son, [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]], was the Thain immediately after his father’s death.<ref name="letter">{{L|214}}</ref>

Took men usually were given high-sounding names which evoked battles, weapons or figures of legend. Pippin Took for example, was named after [[Razanur]], a legendary figure{{fact}}. Took women had names of jewels, or exotic or mythical flowers.<ref name="Trans">{{App|F2}}</ref>
==History==
The first recorded Took was [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras Took]], who in {{SR|740}} became the 13th [[Thain]] of [[the Shire]] after [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]] crossed into [[Buckland]] and became the Master there. <ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> Thereafter Isumbras Took was known as Isumbras I and the office of the Thain became hereditary within the Took family.

Excavation of the seat of the Took family, the Great Smials, was begun in {{SR|1083}} by Thain [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]].<ref name="TA"/>

[[Bandobras Took]], the "Bullroarer", defeated an Orc-band in the Northfarthing in {{SR|1147|n}}.<ref name="TA"/>

In {{SR|1434|n}} his descendant [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]] became the 20th Thain of the Took line, the 32nd in the Shire. In {{SR|1484|n}} Thain Peregrin I handed his office to his son, [[Faramir Took I]] and rode away from the Shire (later it is said that he and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] were laid to rest beside the bed of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] after his passing).<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>

In the [[Fourth Age]] the Great Smials became an important repository of historic books and records.<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref>
==Family Tree of the Tooks of the Great Smials==
Showing the line of the Thains and prominent members of the Took clan.<ref name="Took"/> The figures after the names are those of birth (and death where that is recorded). A name preceded by an '*' indicates one who held the office of the Thain. A dashed line indicates marriage. Names in ''italics'' signify those who attended [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]] on [[22 September]] {{SR|1401}}.

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |III| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |III=* [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]] ''1020-1122'' <ref group="note">Tenth Thain of the Took line.</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |IBS| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |IBS=* [[Isumbras Took III|Isumbras III]] ''1066-1159''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FER| |BAN| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FER=* [[Ferumbras Took II|Ferumbras II]] ''1101-1201''|BAN=[[Bandobras Took|Bandobras]] ''1104-1206'' <ref group="note">Known as the "Bullroarer".</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FOR| |MAN| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FOR=* [[Fortinbras Took I|Fortinbras I]] ''1145-1248''|MAN=Many descendants <ref group="note">Including the [[North-took Family|North-tooks]] of [[Long Cleeve]]</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |GER|y|ADA| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |GER=* [[Gerontius Took|Gerontius]], The Old Took ''1190-1320''|ADA=[[Adamanta Chubb]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|v|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|v|-|v|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |ISE|!|ISU|F|HLG| |IBO|!|IBA|!||F|BEL|F|DON|F|MIR| |ISR|ISE=* [[Isengrim Took III|Isengrim III]] ''1232-1330'' (no children)|ISU=* [[Isumbras Took IV|Isumbras IV]] ''1238-1339''|HLG=[[Hildigrim Took|Hildigrim]] ''1240-1341''|IBO=[[Isembold Took|Isembold]] ''1242-1346''|IBA=[[Isembard Took|Isembard]] ''1247-1346''|BEL=[[Belladonna Took|Belladonna]] ''1252-1334''|DON=[[Donnamira Took|Donnamira]] ''1256-1348''|MIR=[[Mirabella Took|Mirabella]] ''1260-1360''|ISR=[[Isengar Took|Isengar]] ''1262-1360'' <ref group="note">Said to have 'gone to sea' in his youth</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | |!| |!| |:| | | | | |!| |!| |!| |!| |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | |HDI|!| |L|RSA| | |!|HFS|!|HLB|L|BUN|L|HUG|L|GOR| | | | |HDI=[[Hildigard Took|Hildigard]] (died young)|RSA=[[Rosa Baggins]]|HFS=[[Hildifons Took|Hildifons]] ''1244'' <ref group="note">Went off on a journey and never returned</ref>|HLB=[[Hildibrand Took|Hildibrand]] ''1249-1334''|BUN=[[Bungo Baggins]]|HUG=[[Hugo Boffin]]|GOR=[[Gorbadoc Brandybuck]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |`|-|.| |`|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree |LAL|y|FTB| |ADG| |MYD| |FLM| |SIG| |BIL| |SIX| |PRI| | |LAL=[[Lalia Clayhanger]] <ref name="letter"/>|FTB=* [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras II]] ''1278-1380''|ADG=[[Adalgrim Took|Adalgrim]] ''1280-1382''|MYD=Many descendants|FLM=[[Flambard Took|Flambard]] ''1287-1389''|SIG=[[Sigismond Took|Sigismond]] ''1290-1391''|BIL=''([[Bilbo Baggins|BILBO]])''|SIX=(six children)|PRI=([[Primula Brandybuck|Primula]])}}
{{familytree | |,|-|'| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree |FRS| |THR|F|PAL|F|ESM| |ADE|F|RMA| | | |FDD| | | |FRO| | |FRS=* ''[[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]]'' ''1316-1415'' (unmarried)|THR=''3 daughters''|PAL=* ''[[Paladin Took II|Paladin II]]'' ''1333-1434''|ESM=''[[Esmeralda Took|Esmeralda]]'' ''1336''|ADE=''[[Adelard Took|Adelard]]'' ''1328-1423''|RMA=''[[Rosamunda Took|Rosamunda]]'' ''1338''|FDD=''[[Ferdinand Took|Ferdinand]]'' ''1340''|FRO=''([[Frodo Baggins|FRODO]])''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | | | |!| |:| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |L|EGL|L|SDB| | |!| |L|ODO| | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |EGL=''[[Eglantine Banks]]''|SDB=[[Saradoc Brandybuck]]|ODO=''[[Odovacar Bolger]]''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|v|-|v|-|-|-|(| | | |!| | | |!| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |PRL|!|PVA|F|PIP| |MER| | |!|FAT| |EST| |FDI| | | | | | | | | | |PRL=''[[Pearl Took|Pearl]]'' ''1375''|PVA=''[[Pervinca Took|Pervinca]]'' ''1385''|PIP=* ''[[Peregrin Took|PEREGRIN I]]'' ''1390''|MER=''([[Meriadoc Brandybuck|MERIADOC]])''|FAT=''([[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar]])'' ''1380''|EST=''([[Estella Bolger|Estella]])'' ''1385''|FDI=''[[Ferdibrand Took|Ferdibrand]]'' ''1383''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |:| | | | | |L|~|~|~|!|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |:| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | |PIM| | |L|DLC| |REG| |DGH| |ERD| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |PIM=''[[Pimpernel Took|Pimpernel]]'' ''1379''|DLC=[[Diamond of Long Cleeve]] ''1395''| REG=''[[Reginard Took|Reginard]]'' ''1369''|DGH=''2 daughters''|ERD=''[[Everard Took|Everard]]'' ''1380''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | |FMR|~|GDL| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FMR=* [[Faramir Took I|Faramir I]] ''1430''|GDL=[[Goldilocks Gardner|Goldilocks]] <ref group="note">Daughter of Master Samwise</ref>}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Family Tree Notes==
<references group="note"/>
==Etymology==
'''''Tûk''''' was an older name of unknown meaning in Hobbitish [[Westron]].<ref name="Trans"/>
==Inspiration==
The inspiration for [[Elvish]] blood amongst the Tooks may have possibly come from the Tollkühn family intermarrying with nobility:
{{quote|The family [Tollkühn] was also supposed to have connections with France and to have ''intermarried with the nobility in that country''', where they acquired a French version of their nickname, du Temeraire.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

{{quote| [Tolkien’s] Aunt Grace preferred the more romantic (if implausible) story of how one of the du Temeraires [Tolkiens] had fled across the [English] Channel in 1794 to escape the guillotine, apparently then assuming a form of the old name, ‘Tolkien’. This gentleman was reputedly an accomplished '''harpsichordist''' and clock-repairer.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

The inspiration for the name Took may have come from Tollkühn, meaning "foolhardy".

{{quote|‘She [Tolkien’s aunt Grace] alleged that the family name ['Tolkien'] had originally been ‘von Hohenzollern’, for they had emanated from the Hohenzollern district of the Holy Roman Empire. A certain George von Hohenzollern had, she said, fought on the side of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria at the Siege of Vienna in 1529. He had shown great daring in leading an unofficial raid against the Turks and capturing the Sultan’s standard. This (said Aunt Grace) was why he was given the nickname '''Tollkühn, ‘foolhardy’'''; and the name stuck.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Hobbit Families]]
[[Category:Fallohides]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[de:Tuk]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/touque]]
[[fi:Tuk]]

Rangers of the North

2011-06-28T03:54:41Z

Mithrennaith: ‘would be grow’?

{{disambig-two|[[Dúnedain of Arnor|Dúnedain]] Rangers of [[Eriador]]|[[Gondorians|Gondorian]] Rangers|[[Rangers of Ithilien]]}}
[[Image:Rangers of the North.jpg|thumb|''Rangers of the North'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]
'''Rangers of the North''', or simply '''the Rangers''', were the northern wandering people of [[Eriador]], the last remnant of the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] who had once peopled the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]] of [[Arnor]]. They protected the lands they wandered although their secretiveness made other peoples consider them dangerous and distrustful in [[Bree]] and [[the Shire]], where they were known as "Watchers".

They were grim in appearance and were usually dressed in grey or dark green, with a cloak-clasp shaped like an 6-pointed star.

The term 'Rangers of the North' was used most often by those who lived in the southern lands of [[Rohan]] and [[Gondor]], perhaps to distinguish this people from their distant cousins, the [[Rangers of Ithilien]]. Like the Rangers of the North, these were also Dúnedain, but they belonged to the [[South-kingdom]] of [[Gondor]], and their ancestors had been divided from the Northern Dúnedain for some three thousand years.
==Background==
The Dúnedain of Arnor dwindled after the breaking of Arnor into three kingdoms and the wars with [[Angmar]]. [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]] soon fell and only the petty-kingdom of [[Arthedain]] maintained the noble line of [[Isildur]]. Finally, that too was destroyed in the [[Battle of Fornost]] and [[Arvedui]], the last King of Arthedain was lost in the sea.

Arvedui's son and heir, [[Aranarth]] claimed the title of the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]], who would rule the remnants of his people. [[Elrond]] kept in his keeping the heirlooms of the house of [[Isildur]]: the shards of [[Narsil]], the [[Star of Elendil]], the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]] and later the [[Ring of Barahir]], ransomed from the [[Lossoth]].

Each of Aranarth's heirs (who, like him, could trace his descent back to Isildur himself) would be secretly born and raised in [[Rivendell]].

The Rangers became a secretive wandering and nomadic people around [[Eriador]], far from Sauron's spies, little known or remembered, and their deeds were seldom recorded.

==History==
The [[Watchful Peace]] followed the loss of Arnor and after its end, the enemies concentrated mostly against [[Rhovanion (Realm)|Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. During that time, the Rangers fought minor battles and skirmishes against [[orcs]] and [[wolves]] in order to keep the region safe. The [[hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] flourished under their protection.

During the rule of [[Arassuil]], the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] became more bold, daring to invade Eriador. The Rangers fought many battles trying to hold them back, but one party managed to reach the Shire, and were fought off by a party of brave Hobbits under [[Bandobras Took]] in [[Third Age 2747]]. Soon after, the [[Long Winter]] arrived and many lives were lost, and [[Gandalf]] and the Rangers had to help the Hobbits of the Shire survive.

In [[Third Age 2911]], during [[Argonui]]'s rule, the [[Fell Winter]] began with the [[Brandywine]] freezing over. This was a catalyst for [[White Wolves]] invading Eriador from the North which must have harassed the Rangers. In the last year of his reign, great floods devastated [[Enedwaith]] and [[Minhiriath]] leaving [[Tharbad]] ruined and deserted. The following years were peaceful although [[Arador]] was killed by [[hill-trolls]] and his son [[Arathorn II]] was killed while hunting orcs.

Arathorn's son, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] succeeded him, who between [[Third Age 2957|2957]] to [[Third Age 2980|2980]] took great journeys, serving in the armies of King [[Thengel]] of [[Rohan]], and Steward [[Ecthelion II]] of Gondor. Many of his tasks weakened [[Sauron]] and his allies, and the West endured him during the [[War of the Ring]].

At that time Aragorn's Rangers were scattered and diminished. When [[Halbarad]] led a troop of the Rangers into the south to Aragorn's aid in the War, in haste he could muster no more than thirty in this company who fought in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Battle of Pelennor Fields]].

Aragorn eventually became King Elessar of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] and the Rangers became once more a united people under the line of [[Elendil]] in the [[Fourth Age]].

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Rangers of the North are called simply Rangers in the game. They were some scattered about Middle-earth, but there were also many who were organized. There was a group that [[Aragorn]] led to keep track of the Enemy's movement during ''[[Stirrings in the Darkness]]''.

[[Category:Rangers]]
[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]

Pearl Took

2011-06-28T03:47:10Z

Mithrennaith: /* History */ Ferumbras was no train ascending into heaven — these words are confused far too often

{{Hobbit
| image=[[Image:Paladins Daughters.jpg|250px]] [[Pervinca Took|Pervinca]], [[Pimpernel Took|Pimpernel]] and Pearl
| name=Pearl Took
| othernames=
| birth={{TA|2975}}
| death=
| parentage=[[Paladin Took II]] & [[Eglantine Banks]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| location=[[Tookland]]
}}'''Pearl Took''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].

==History==
Pearl was the eldest child of [[Thain]] [[Paladin Took II]] and [[Eglantine Banks]].<ref name="Took">{{App|Took}}</ref>

She was the caretaker of [[Lalia Clayhanger|Lalia the Fat]], the rotund, aged, and immensely annoying (to the Tooks) matriarch of the family. Each morning, Pearl was to push her wheelchair outside so Lalia could experience fresh air. One morning in {{SR|1402}}, Pearl was a little bit careless, and Lalia flew across the steps to her death.

Pearl was excluded from the accession ceremony of [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras]], who had been waiting to become head of the clan for quite a while (he had already been Thain since the death of his father). She was, however, afterwards spotted with a necklace of pearls believed to be a Took family heirloom.<ref name="L214">{{L|214}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[wikipedia:Pearl|Pearl]]'s name follows the Hobbit custom of high-class women being named after jewels.<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Took]]
[[de:Perle Tuk]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/touque/perle_touque]]
[[fi:Helmi Tuk]]

Eagles

2011-06-28T03:37:33Z

Mithrennaith: /* Other versions */ tweaking English

{{cleanup}}
{{race
| image=[[Image:Darrell Sweet - The Lord of the Eagles.jpg|250px]]
| name=Eagles
| dominions=[[Taniquetil]] [[Crissaegrim]] [[Eagles' Eyrie]]
| languages=At least [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Valarin]]
| height=
| length=
| skincolor=
| haircolor=
| feathers=Brown
| distinctions=
| lifespan=
| members=[[Thorondor]], [[Great Eagle]], [[Gwaihir]], [[Landroval]], [[Meneldor]]
}}
The '''Eagles''' were birds that served as messengers of [[Manwë]]. Among those were the '''Great Eagles''', immense birds who were sentient and capable of speech, and often helped [[Men]], [[Elves]] and [[Wizards]] in the quests to defeat evil. They were "devised" by [[Manwë]] Súlimo, King of the [[Valar]], and were often called the '''Eagles of Manwë'''.

They were sent from [[Valinor]] to [[Middle-earth]] to keep an eye on the exiled [[Noldor|Ñoldor]], and on their foe the evil Vala [[Morgoth]].

==History==
The Great Eagles were messengers of [[Manwë]], the ruler of the sky and Lord of the [[Valar]], being perhaps "spirits in the shape of hawks and eagles" that brought news from [[Middle-earth]] to his halls upon [[Taniquetil]].<ref>{{S|Days}}</ref>
===First Age===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Beren and Lúthien are Flown to Safety.jpg|thumb|Thorondor flies [[Beren|Beren Erchamion]] and [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]] over [[Gondolin]].]]
At a command of [[Manwë]], for a time the Lord of the Eagles, [[Thorondor]], kept his eyries at the top of [[Thangorodrim]], the volcano above [[Angband]] itself<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref><ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>. While they lived there, Thorondor helped [[Fingon]] rescue [[Maedhros]]. Thorondor's folk later removed their eyries to the [[Crissaegrim]], part of the [[Echoriad]] about [[Gondolin]]. There they were friends of [[Turgon]], keeping spies off the mountains, bringing him news and keeping spies off the borders. Because of their guardianship, the [[Orcs]] were unable to approach either the nearby mountains,<ref name="Silm-TFG">{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> or the important ford of [[Brithiach]] to the south;<ref name="Tuor">{{UT|Tuor}}</ref> their watch had been redoubled after the coming of [[Tuor]],<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> enabling Gondolin to remain undiscovered the longest of all Elven realms. When the city [[fall of Gondolin|fell]] at last, the eagles of Thorondor protected the fugitives, driving away the orcs that ambushed them at [[Cirith Thoronath]], the Eagles' Cleft north of Gondolin.<ref name="Silm-TFG"/>

Thorondor wounded Morgoth in the face after Morgoth's battle with [[Fingolfin]], and he carried Fingolfin's corpse to the Echoriath, where he was buried by Fingon.

The Eagles fought alongside the army of the Valar, [[Elves]] and Edain during the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the [[First Age]]. After the appearance of winged [[dragons]], all the great birds gathered under Thorondor to [[Eärendil]], and destroyed the majority of the dragons.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>
===Númenor===
In the [[Second Age]], a pair of Eagles had an eyrie in the King's House in [[Armenelos]], the capital of Númenor until the time of [[Tar-Ancalimon]], when the [[Kings of Númenor]] became hostile to the Valar.

The [[Númenóreans]] believed that three eagles, "the Witnesses of Manwë", were sent by Manwë to guard the summit of [[Meneltarma]]; these appeared whenever one approached the hallow and staying in the sky during the [[Three Prayers]].

Many eagles lived upon the hills around [[Sorontil]] in the north of the island.<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref>
[[File:The-eagles-of-Manwë.jpg|thumb|left|''The Eagles of Manwë'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]
Eagle-shaped storm clouds, called the "Eagles of the Lords of the West", were sent by Manwë when he tried to reason or threaten them.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

===Third Age===
{{quote|- Farewell! wherever you fare, till your eyries receive you at the journey's end! - May the wind under your wings bear you where the [[sun]] sails and the [[moon]] walks.|Polite way to exchange good-bye with an Eagle|[[Queer Lodgings]]}}
By the end of the [[Third Age]], a colony under the [[Great Eagle]] lived in the northern parts of the [[Misty Mountains]] who mostly nested upon the eastward slopes not far from the [[High Pass]] leading from [[Rivendell]], and thus in the direct vicinity of the [[Goblin-town]] beneath; they often afflicted the goblins and disrupted their plans.

These Eagles helped the Elves of [[Rivendell]] and [[Radagast]] in watching the land and in gathering news about the Orcs.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref><ref>{{FR|South}}</ref>. As a result of feeding on the sheep of the local [[Woodmen]] of [[Mirkwood]], their relationship was not good and the Eagles were afraid of their bows.

Those rescued [[Thorin Oakenshield|Thorin]]'s company from a band of goblins and [[warg]]s and carried them to the [[Carrock]]<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref> and some days later they espied the mustering of goblins all over the Mountains, to be gathered under the Great Eagle in the [[Battle of Five Armies]] near [[Erebor]]. It was only with their help that the Dwarves, Men and Elves managed to defeat the goblins.<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref> The Great Eagle became [[King of All Birds]].

The Eagles appeared in great numbers at the [[Battle of the Morannon]], helping the [[Host of the West]] against the [[Nazgûl]]. Several of them rescued [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] from [[Mount Doom]] after [[the One Ring]] had been destroyed.<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref>

==Names==

In [[Noldorin|Gnomish]], one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early conceptions of an [[Elvish|Elven]] language, a word for "eagle" is ''ioroth'' (poetic form ''ior''). A cognate of the same meaning in [[Qenya]] is the poetic ''ea(r)'' or ''earen''. Another Gnomish word for "an eagle" is ''thorn''.<ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 51, 73</ref>

==Inspiration==
Tolkien's painting of an eagle on a crag appears in some editions of ''The Hobbit''. According to [[Christopher Tolkien]], the author based this picture on a painting by Archibald Thorburn of an immature Golden Eagle, which Christopher found for him in ''The Birds of the British Isles'' by T.A. Coward. However, Tolkien's use of this model does not necessarily mean that his birds were ordinary Golden Eagles.
==Other versions==
For some time Tolkien considered the Eagles as bird-shaped [[Maiar]],<ref>{{MR|Annals}} p. 138</ref> as he felt it unlikely [[Ilúvatar]] would grant ''[[Fëa and hröa|fëar]]'' to animals. However, the notion of a "Maia" like Thorondor having descendants contradicted later concepts and Tolkien later decided that the Great Eagles (like [[Roäc]] and the [[Thrushes|Thrush]] of ''[[The Hobbit]]'') were common animals that had been "taught language by the Valar, and raised to a higher level — but without ''[[fëar]]''."<ref name="MR409-11">{{MR|Myths}} pp. 409-11</ref>

==Flying the Ring to Mount Doom==
{{quote|The Eagles are a dangerous 'machine'. I have used them sparingly, and that is the absolute limit of their credibility or usefulness. |[[Letter 210]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]}}
[[File:Steve Notley - Bob the Angry Flower's Lord of the Ringz.gif|thumb|Parody comic strip by Steve Notley which shows [http://angryflower.com Bob the Angry Flower] flying the Ring to Mordor on an Eagle.]]
Many sceptical readers have wondered why the Eagles simply didn't carry Frodo and [[the One Ring]] into Mordor and drop the Ring in Mount Doom. At first glance this seems incredibly easy compared to the alternative (and it would have made a boring book).

Concerning [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|adaptation]] of ''The Lord of the Rings'', many cast and crew have casually joked about how "the Eagles don't take the Ring to Mordor because that would have ended the story quickly!".{{fact}} Particularly, on the writer-director DVD commentary track, Peter Jackson and [[Fran Walsh]] repeat this statement and begin joking around about it; writing partner [[Philippa Boyens]] then bursts out and angrily declares "Why does everyone always say that?! The flying Nazgûl on their Fell Beasts would have stopped them! How more obvious does that need to be?! Mordor has flying creatures too!" As a consequence, Jackson and Walsh fall silent, then quietly admit that her explanation entirely makes sense.

Several explanations have been given as internal story-wise reasons; some of them are:

*The Eagles coming from the air would have been fairly obvious and defensless to Sauron; the [[Fell beasts]] and/or archers would most likely have stopped the attempt. The Eagles expressed fear in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' about going into the Lands of Men because of their bows. However this danger perhaps could possibly have been countered with a parallel divertive battle plan, more or less like the [[Battle of Morannon]] begun to help Frodo (see External links for such a discussion).

*The Eagles would most likely have become corrupted by the power of the Ring and would have most likely attempted to prevent the destruction of the Ring. Gandalf already knew that ''anyone'' might and would refuse to throw in the Ring but the Eagles, as Maiar, could have been more dangerous.

*The Eagles would have refused to aid the Fellowship because they, being emissaries of the Valar like Gandalf, were not allowed to go on the offensive against evil. Flying the Ring to Mordor could have been the Fellowship's first priority but maybe they were unable to contact the Eagles in time.

The Eagles not being mentioned at all during the [[Council of Elrond]] is considered a logical plot hole by itself. Although many flawed proposals are made during it (destroy the Ring, sending it to the West, giving it to Tom Bombadil), none of the participants thought to propose this quite obvious solution, especially since it was not long after Gandalf described his escape with Gwaihir; even if the Eagle plan was to be countered or dismissed implausible later for some reason (such the ones above), it would be only logical to be mentioned.

If the Eagles could not have flown the Ring to Mordor, Gandalf might still have arranged with Gwaihir for them to fly the Fellowship across the [[Misty Mountains]], avoiding the [[Redhorn Gate]] and [[Moria]].

The party of Tolkienists that accepts this as a [[wikipedia:plot hole|plot hole]] usually respond that in any book there are usually plot holes. In a larger, far more detailed and realistic book we expect fewer (if any) plot holes, when in reality there is a far greater chance.

{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://tolkien.slimy.com/faq/History.html#Eagles Tolkien FAQ] question and possible answer
*[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/eagles.html Could the eagles have flown Frodo into Mordor?] a discussion investigating a possible battle plan that would help the eagles.

{{ainur}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Eagles| ]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Adler]]
[[fr:encyclo/biologie/faune/aigles]]
[[fi:Kotkat]]

Neo-Elvish

2011-06-28T03:28:54Z

Mithrennaith: /* Criticism */ it still didn’t quite scan in English ...

[[File:Parma Eldalamberon 10.jpg|thumb|Cover of [[Parma Eldalamberon 10]], illustrated by [[Patrick H. Wynne]]. The left part is occupied by a [[Tengwar]] text in neo-Quenya describing the death of [[Glorfindel]] (''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part 2]]'', p.194).]]
'''Neo-[[Elvish]]''' is a term that can refer to '''Neo-[[Quenya]]''' and/or '''Neo-[[Sindarin]]'''. Neo-Elvish encompasses attempts to productively standardize, regularize and even reconstruct [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s languages with the intent to be taught, studied and be used in [[fanon]] compositions. The terms Neo-Quenya, Neo-Sindarin etc arose so as to distinguish those attempts from Tolkien's own creations.

It must be noted that Neo-Elvish does not refer to original ''a priori'' creations; Neo-Elvish forms and grammar emerge from comparative and reconstruction methods from the canonical sources, albeit sometimes arbitrarily.
==Overview of the problem==
Tolkien did not leave behind a definite, [[canon]]ical set of rules for his languages, and did not intend to create them in order to be useable. As a result, the information gathered posthumously from his notes might seem like fluid and fragmentary to someone who seeks to see a possible 'whole picture'. The absence of a final, canonical Quenya or Sindarin has the consequence that anyone attempting to compose an e.g. Quenya grammar, would eventually create a conventional, Neo-Quenya grammar.

In order to 'fill the gaps', such a person would rely on speculation, personal instinct and widely subjective interpretation; coping with Tolkien's continuous mutually exclusive revisions, the student would choose to reject Tolkien's older, temporary or 'anomalous' creations in order to keep the most plausibly canonical.

For example, [[Helge Fauskanger]]'s grammar of Quenya, being such an attempt, is described as a: "''synthetic and regularized form of Quenya formed by the selective piecing-together of evidences from across decades of Tolkien's successive versions and elaborations of Quenya''".<ref>[http://www.elvish.org/resources.html Resources for Tolkienian linguistics] at [http://www.elvish.org/ The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship] (accessed 16 June 2011)</ref>

==History==
Attempts to study or write in [[Elvish]] date back to at least the 1970s. An example composition of that era is ''Valinorenna'' by [[Björn Fromén]], published in the fanzine ''[[Palantiren]]'' 3 in [[1973]], using vocabulary only from words found in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>[http://www.forodrim.org/daeron/md_vali.html Valinorenna]''</ref> Attempts continued the following decades, thanks to the publication of more of Tolkien's works, including the ''[[History of Middle-earth]]'' series, with most importantly, ''[[The Etymologies]]'' ([[1987]]), and the work of the [[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]].

Such publications allowed the students to infer some grammar rules from Tolkien's writings, and also made known the etymological-derivational mechanics in which the Elvish languages work. It was thus made possible to create Sindarin words from Quenya cognates or artificially derive new words from related ones, or from [[Proto-Quendian]] [[root]]s.
[[Image:David Salo.jpg|thumb|[[David Salo]] has made attempts for the standardization of Sindarin and is often cited as an example of neo-Elvish proponents.]]
Attempts to write in Tolkien's languages include fanon literature, [[Tengwar]] tattoos, translations of Tolkien's works into Elvish,<ref>Cf. [http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/silmarillion_project.htm Quenta Silmarillion Eldalambenen Project]</ref> translation of pre-existing literature such as Biblical passages, Christian prayers, original short poems and stories etc. Linguistic plays included the composition of (Neo-)Quenya poems without containing the very frequent vowel ''a''<ref>[http://www.elvish.org/elm/aplay.html A play]</ref> or the translation of ''[[Namárië]]'' to (Neo-)[[Telerin]]<ref>[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/telerin_velasco.htm Alatarielo Nainie]</ref> or (Neo-)Sindarin<ref>[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/navaer.htm Naergon Galadriel]</ref>.

Of course, the resulting 'literature' by no means represents a universal homogeneous consensus on Neo-Elvish. Each work reflects the personal understanding and preferences of its author at the time of writing and the conventions used can be mutually exclusive.

Similar attempts were made to reconstruct Elvish grammar rules, such as inferring a full working pronominal system based on Primitive Quendian evidence;<ref>[[Ryszard Derdzinski]]'s [http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/language.htm Elvish Pronouns]</ref> a system according to which the Sindarin verbs are possibly conjugated;<ref>[[Helge Fauskanger]] and [[David Salo]]'s [http://www.uib.no/people/hnohf/sverb-rec.htm Reconstructing the Sindarin Verb System]</ref> or the usage of [[Noldorin]] language of ''The Etymologies'' to create Sindarin forms. Such interpretations were partially obsoleted by later publications of Tolkien's papers, but offered a framework at their time.

The most prominent appearance of Neo-Elvish was in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings|Peter Jackson's ''The Lord of the Rings'']] movie trilogy, which made use of linguist [[David Salo]]'s reconstructions. The movie also featured original lyrics in (Neo-)Elvish, (Neo-)[[Khuzdul]], (Neo-)[[Black Speech]] and other languages. However the scarcity of information on Khuzdul etc necessitated wholly original creation of vocabulary and grammar rules.

The release of the films also boosted a temporary interest in studying and using Elvish.

==Criticism==
While the understanding of [[Tolkien]]'s languages is a direct result of serious study and [[Tolkienology]] and is solely based on canonical linguistic evidence, the quest for Neo-Elvish borders to [[fanon]]; critics speak about the "''problematic and illusory nature of [Neo-Elvish] as anything other than an approximation and introduction to the study of Tolkien's own linguistic inventions''"<ref name="resources"/>.

Critics say that Tolkien's intention did not move much further than simple creativity and experimentation and his languages are fluid in their very nature; standardizing or enriching them would only result in new original creations. They even claim that, since finalization was never a goal of Tolkien, uncovering the full range of variation in Tolkien's conception of his languages will only make a complete, definite form less rather than more achievable.

Other common fields of criticism have to do with
*subjective conventions which eventually are presented and passed over and finally adopted as facts by newcomers to the field;
*the arbitrary distinction of canon; a preference towards "mature Elvish" and rejection of early [[Qenya]] and [[Noldorin]] (whereas Tolkien never specifically divided the continuity of his languages as such);
*the "artificial" distinction between "valid", LotR-style forms vs "obsolete", inconsistent early forms.
*the simultaneous adoption of those very same Qenya and Noldorin sources to supplement the (Neo-)Quenya and Sindarin arsenal;
*sources that 'promote' Neo-Elvish, are usually criticized for providing inadequate references; making no distinction between proper Quenya/Sindarin sources; selective or artificial normalizations; selective imports from early Elvish; not making clear the points where the author made personal interpretations. Thus, these sources deprive the reader of the whole image.

As an example, ''[[A Gateway to Sindarin]]'' was a recent target of criticism for attempting to present a standard ("fabricated") Sindarin, yet being subject to the above failures. Among others, the book describes a plural form of Sindarin gerunds, while such a function was never described or appeared in Tolkien's writings.<ref>See "Elvish as She is Spoke" in the External links</ref>

==See also==
*[[Carl F. Hostetter]]
*[[A Gateway to Sindarin]]
*[[Grelvish]]
*[[Elvish#Other_Elvish_languages]]
{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://www.realelvish.net Merin Essi ar Quenteli] - Lists of words, names, phrases and tutorials, intended for writers of fan fiction and RPGamers.
*[[Thorsten Renk]]'s [http://www.phy.duke.edu/~trenk/elvish/rogue.html A rogue's guide to Sindarin reconstruction] - Inquiry on the creation of Neo-Sindarin words, with examples of deriving one from Primitive Quendian.
*[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/language.htm Gwaith-i-Pethdain] - Page with essays, reconstructions, Neo-Elvish wordlists and a big list of Neo-Elvish texts.
*[http://www.elvish.org/elm/newwords.html Newwords] - sample of Neo-Elvish vocabulary
*[http://www.elvish.org/elm/others.html List of Neo-Elvish compositions]
*[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/ Ardalambion] - Apart from a resource for Tolkien's languages, it also contains some original 'post-Tolkien' compositions (poems and Biblical fragments), essays like "The Quest for Standard Sindarin" and "Suggested Conjugation" and a (Neo-)Quenya course.

===Critical===
*[http://www.elvish.org/FAQ.html Elvish.org FAQ] — Article by [[Carl F. Hostetter]]. Presents a succinct counterpoint citing Tolkien's own views of the purpose, completeness and usability of his languages.
*"[http://www.elvish.org/articles/EASIS.pdf Elvish as She Is Spoke]" — Article by Carl F. Hostetter. A thorough examination of Tolkien's purposes in inventing his Elvish languages and his practices in describing them, their consequent nature, and the inherent pitfalls in any attempt to "speak Elvish". Republished with permission from ''[[The Lord of the Rings 1954–2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder]]'' ([[Marquette]], [[2006]]), ed. [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]].
*"[http://www.elvish.org/Tengwestie/editorials/20040404.phtml Are Goldogrin and Qenya “primitive”?]" by [[Patrick H. Wynne]] - criticizing the usual selectivity of "LotR-style" Elvish over early forms of "immature" Elvish.
[[category:fanon]][[category:fandom]][[category:linguistics]]

Órë

2011-06-28T03:00:48Z

Mithrennaith: "ibid." is dangerous in a Wiki

__NOTOC__
'''Óre''' is a [[Quenya]] and [[Telerin]]<ref>{{VT|41c}}, p.15</ref> meaning 1. "premonition, heart, inner mind (in a moral sense)" 2. as an impersonal verb: "to urge"

The term ''Óre'', despite being translated as "heart", does not have the same meaning as in English: it does not correspond to the physical organ, memory, reflection, emotion, feelings or positive impulses. The ''óre'' is a conscience or instinct that advises or warns the [[Incarnates]] to proper courses of action.<ref name="VT41:11"/>

==Other forms==
*(as noun) ''Órenya'' "my heart"<ref name="VT41:11">{{VT|41c}}, p. 11</ref>
*(as verb) ''Óre'' "(it) urges"
==Examples==
*''Óre nin'' "I am urged"
==Etymology==
From a possible [[Primitive Elvish]] *''gôrê'' [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[ȜOR]].

==Cognates==
*[[Sindarin]] ''[[gûr]]''
----
'''Óre''' is a [[Quenya]] noun meaning "rising"
==Etymology==
[[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[ORO]]
==See also==
*''[[órëa]]''
*''[[anarórë]]''
*''[[Melkor|Melkórë]]''
*''[[Tyelkormo]]''
*''[[oro]]''
*''[[orta]]''
*''[[rómen]]''
----

[[Image:Ore.gif]]''Óre'' is also the name of the 21st letter of the [[Tengwar]] alphabet. In [[Westron Tengwar|Westron]] the letter is called '''''Ar'''''.

Its value is '''R''' in some modes (usually in the end of the words). In the [[Mode of Beleriand]] it had the value of '''N'''.

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ore}}
[[category:Quenya verbs]]
[[category:Quenya nouns]]
[[category:Telerin nouns]]
[[category:Tengwar letters]]

26 July

2011-06-27T01:29:29Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ tweaking Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events which occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1956]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 191]].
* '''[[1973]]''' - [[wikipedia:John Giffard, 3rd Earl of Halsbury|Lord Halsbury]] visits [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].
* '''[[1980]]''' - [[Mythcon XI]].
* '''[[1981]]''' - The twenty-first episode of the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[1985]]''' - [[Mythcon XVI]].
* '''[[1987]]''' - [[Mythcon XVIII]].
* '''[[1991]]''' - [[Mythcon XXII]].
* '''[[1996]]''' - [[Mythcon XXVII]].
* '''[[2002]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXIII]].
* '''[[2003]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXIV]].
* '''[[2009]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2009 in [[wikipedia:Rieneck|Rieneck]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates]]</noinclude>

25 July

2011-06-27T01:29:02Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ tweaking Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events which occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1938]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 29]].
* '''[[1938]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] sends an angry [[Letter 30|letter]] to a German publisher, after being asked whether he was Aryan or not.
* '''[[1980]]''' - [[Mythcon XI]].
* '''[[1987]]''' - [[Mythcon XVIII]].
* '''[[1991]]''' - [[Brian Haines]], who voiced the part of [[Uglúk]] in the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', dies.
* '''[[2002]]''' - ''[[The Uncharted Realms of Tolkien]]'' is published.
* '''[[2003]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXIV]].
* '''[[2005]]''' - ''[[Tolkien's Mighty Pen]]'' is published.
* '''[[2009]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2009 in [[wikipedia:Rieneck|Rieneck]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates]]</noinclude>

24 July

2011-06-27T01:28:41Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ tweaking Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events which occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1915]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes the poem ''[[The Happy Mariners]]''.
* '''[[1916]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s second five day front-line duty begins.
* '''[[1938]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 31]].
* '''[[1954]]''' - ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' is first published.
* '''[[1968]]''' - Artist [[Colleen Doran]] is born.
* '''[[1971]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 326]].
* '''[[1982]]''' - The second episode of the new version of the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[1987]]''' - [[Mythcon XVIII]].
* '''[[2008]]''' - The fourteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ring-forges of Eregion]]'', is released in Europe.
* '''[[2009]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2009 in [[wikipedia:Rieneck|Rieneck]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates]]</noinclude>

2011

2011-06-27T01:27:48Z

Mithrennaith: /* July */ adding Tolkien Thing

{{year-header}}==January==
* '''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[Birthday Toast#Tolkien Society tradition|Birthday Toast]].
* '''?''' - [[Amon Hen 227]] is published.

==March==
* '''[[21 March|21]]''' - Filming begins on [[The Hobbit films]].
* '''[[25 March|25]]''' - [[Tolkien Reading Day]].
* '''[[26 March|26]]''' - [http://3rdcome.org/ 3rd Conference on Middle-earth].
* '''?''' - [[Amon Hen 228]] is published.

==April==
* '''[[20 April|20]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game]]'' was released.
* '''[[29 April|29]]''' - ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Double Worlds and Creative Process]]'' by [[Arne Zettersten]] was released.
* '''[[30 April|30]]''' - ''[[Tolkien and Wales|Tolkien and Wales: Language, Literature and Identity]]'' by [[Carl Phelpstead]] was published.

==May==
* '''[[5 May|5]]''' - ''[[English and Medieval Studies Presented to J.R.R. Tolkien on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday]]'' is made available as a print-on-demand publication from [[HarperCollins]].
* '''[[20 May|20]] - [[22 May|22]]''' - [[Unquendor]]'s Lustrumfeest.
* '''[[21 May|21]] - [[22 May|22]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Middle-earth Weekend in Sarehole, [[Birmingham]].
* '''?''' - [[Tolkien Studies: Volume 8|''Tolkien Studies'': Volume 8]] is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 229]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Mallorn 51]]'' is published.

==July==
* '''[[5 July|5]]''' - A revised printing of [[Parma Eldalamberon 12|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 12]] will be released.
* '''[[14 July|14]]-[[17 July|17]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2011.
* '''[[15 July|15]] - [[18 July|18]]''' - [[Mythcon XLII]] in Albuquerque, New Mexico
* '''[[30 July|30]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s seminar in York.

==August==
* '''[[11 August|11]] - [[14 August|14]]''' - [http://omentielva.com/ Omentielva Cantea] - 4th International Conference on [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s Invented Languages in Valencia, Spain.
* '''[[15 August|15]]''' - ''Picturing Tolkien: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings Trilogy'' will be published.
* '''[[24 August|24]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'' will be released for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and PC in North America.
* '''(?)''' - [[The One Ring (role-playing game)|''The One Ring'' (role-playing game)]] will be released.

==September==
* '''[[1 September|1]]''' - ''[[A Tolkien Tapestry]]'' will be published.
* '''[[23 September|23]]-[[25 September|25]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2011]] at Lady Margaret Hall.
* '''[[27 September]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Rise of Isengard]] is released.

==October==
* '''?''' - ''[[From Elvish to Klingon|From Elvish to Klingon: Exploring Invented Languages]]'' will be published.

==?==
* '''Fall''' - ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien (Holiday House)|J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', a children's book from Holiday House, will be published.
* '''?''' - A new edition of ''[[Beowulf and the Critics]]'' will be published.
* '''?''' - ''Tolkien and the West'' will be published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien and the Study of His Sources]]'' will be published. 

{{years|2008|2009|2010|2011|2012|2013|2014}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

17 July

2011-06-27T01:25:19Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding & tweaking Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events which occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1912]]''' - Author [[Barbara Strachey]] is born.
* '''[[1971]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 325]].
* '''[[1982]]''' - The first episode of the new version of the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[1998]]''' - Author [[Paul H. Kocher]] dies.
* '''[[1998]]''' - [[Mythcon XXIX]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings Symphony]] in Seattle, WA.
* '''[[2009]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXX]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2010 in [[wikipedia:Bad Hersfeld|Bad Hersfeld]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXXI]] in Dallas, Texas.
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2011 in [[wikipedia:Breuberg|Breuberg]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Mythcon XLII]] in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates]]</noinclude>

16 July

2011-06-27T01:24:54Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding & tweaking Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events which occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1919]]''' - Tolkien is officially demobilized.
* '''[[1924]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] is appointed Professor of English Language at the University of Leeds.
* '''[[1959]]''' - [[Bob Joles]], who would voice [[Gimli]], [[Treebeard]] and [[Dáin Ironfoot]] in various [[Electronic Arts|EA]] video games, is born.
* '''[[1964]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 257]].
* '''[[1986]]''' - [[Calum Gittins]], the son of [[Philippa Boyens]], who would play [[Haleth (movie character)|Haleth]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'', is born.
* '''[[1998]]''' - [[Mythcon XXIX]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings Symphony]] in Seattle, WA.
* '''[[2006]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VIII]] in [[wikipedia:Diez, Germany|Diez]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2010 in [[wikipedia:Bad Hersfeld|Bad Hersfeld]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXXI]] in Dallas, Texas.
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2011 in [[wikipedia:Breuberg|Breuberg]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Mythcon XLII]] in Albuquerque, New Mexico

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates]]</noinclude>

15 July

2011-06-27T01:23:50Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding, correcting & tweaking Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1915]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] becomes a second lieutenant, and is appointed to the 13th Service Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers.
* '''[[1919]]''' - Tolkien is officially released from service, well a year after the [[World War I|war]]'s end.
* '''[[1964]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] sends [[Miss J.L. Curry 15 July 1964|a letter to Miss J.L. Curry]].
* '''[[1979]]''' - [[Mythcon X]] in [[wikipedia:San Jose, California|San Jose, California]].
* '''[[1998]]''' - [[Mythcon XXIX]] in [[wikipedia:Wheaton, Illinois|Wheaton, Illinois]]
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings Symphony]] in [[wikipedia:Seattle|Seattle]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VI]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2006]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VIII]] in [[wikipedia:Diez, Germany|Diez]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2007]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]] in [[wikipedia:Diez, Germany|Diez]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2010 in [[wikipedia:Bad Hersfeld|Bad Hersfeld]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2011 in [[wikipedia:Breuberg|Breuberg]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Mythcon XLII]] in [[wikipedia:Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque, New Mexico]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|197]]</noinclude>

14 July

2011-06-27T01:23:01Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding & correcting Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1916]]''' – The 11th Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers (including [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]) is sent into action at the [[Battle of the Somme|Somme]] front.
* '''[[1931]]''' - Voice actor [[Robert Stephens]] is born.
* '''[[1949]]''' - Tolkien scholar and writer [[Brian Sibley]] is born.
* '''[[1979]]''' - [[Mythcon X]] in [[wikipedia:San Jose, California|San Jose, California]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - "Mount Doom", the tenth set in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'', is released.
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VI]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2006]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VIII]] in [[wikipedia:Diez|Diez, Germany]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2007]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]] in [[wikipedia:Diez, Germany|Diez]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2011 in [[wikipedia:Breuberg|Breuberg]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|196]]</noinclude>

18 July

2011-06-27T01:20:25Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ tweaking Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events which occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1962]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 238]].
* '''[[1970]]''' - Author and scholar [[Ármann Jakobsson]] is born.
* '''[[1971]]''' - [[Sarah McLeod]], who would play [[Rose Cotton|Rose Cotton]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'', is born.
* '''[[1998]]''' - [[Mythcon XXIX]].
* '''[[2009]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXX]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2010 in [[wikipedia:Bad Hersfeld|Bad Hersfeld]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXXI]] in Dallas, Texas.
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Mythcon XLII]] in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}
* {{TA|3019}}:
** [[Éomer]] returns to [[Minas Tirith]], after settling administrative affairs in [[Rohan]].<noinclude>[[Category:Dates]]</noinclude>

13 July

2011-06-27T01:15:18Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding & correcting Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1949]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 121]].
* '''[[1979]]''' - [[Mythcon X]] in [[wikipedia:San Jose, California|San Jose, California]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings Symphony]] at Mann Centre in [[wikipedia:Philadelphia|Philadelphia]].
* '''[[2006]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The White Council]]'' is announced.
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VII]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2005]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VI]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2007]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]] in [[wikipedia:Diez, Germany|Diez]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2008]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing X]] in [[wikipedia:Rieneck|Rieneck]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|1944}}:
** In the last stages of the [[Disaster of the Morannon]], [[Minohtar]] is slain by an arrow, and his forces are routed.
** [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] arrives at the battlefield, and is victorious in the [[Battle of the Camp]].
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|195]]</noinclude>

12 July

2011-06-27T01:13:38Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1979]]''' - [[Mythcon X]] in [[wikipedia:San Jose, California|San Jose, California]].
* '''[[1981]]''' - The nineteenth episode of the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[2002]]''' - [[Przemyslaw Mroczkowski]], scholar and friend of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], dies.
* '''[[2005]]''' - ''[[Der Berggeist]]'' is auctioned at Sotheby's.
* '''[[2005]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VII]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2008]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing X]] in [[wikipedia:Rieneck|Rieneck]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|1944}}:
** The [[Disaster of the Morannon]].
** Death of [[Ondoher]], King of [[Gondor]], and his sons [[Artamir]] and [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]].
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|194]]</noinclude>

11 July

2011-06-27T01:13:03Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1972]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 340]].
* '''[[2005]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VII]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2008]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing X]] in [[wikipedia:Rieneck|Rieneck]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|193]]</noinclude>

10 July

2011-06-27T01:12:32Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1964]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Alan White 10 July 1964|a letter to Alan White]].
* '''[[2003]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing V]] in [[wikipedia:Westerwald|Westerwald]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2008]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing X]] in [[wikipedia:Rieneck|Rieneck]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** [[Gandalf]] is imprisoned by [[Saruman]].
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|192]]</noinclude>

2008

2011-06-27T01:00:00Z

Mithrennaith: /* July */ correcting Tolkien Thing - again :(

{{year-header}}
==January==
* '''[[1 January|1]]''' - Fantasy novel ''[[The Search for the Red Dragon]]'', featuring [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] as a fictional character, is published.
* '''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s birthday.
* '''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[Birthday Toast]]
* '''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Birthday Dinner
* '''[[5 January|5]]''' - [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece The Times] ranks [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] the sixth-best post-war British writer.
* '''[[14 January|14]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Ultimate Critical Review]]'' is released.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 209]]'' is published.

==February==
* '''[[6 February|6]]''' - Artist [[John Alvin]] dies.
* '''[[7 February|7]]-[[9 February|9]]''' - ''[[C.S. Lewis]], the [[Inklings]], and the Call to Christian Community'' conference, featuring [[Tom Shippey]].
* '''[[13 February|13]]''' - The twelfth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ashen Wastes]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[14 February|14]]''' - The twelfth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ashen Wastes]]'', is released in Europe.

==March==
* '''[[10 March|10]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is elected "Best Foreign Book of All Time" in the Netherlands.
* '''[[25 March|25]]''' - [[Tolkien Reading Day]].
* '''[[31 March|31]]''' - ''[[Tolkien's Gedling]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 210]]'' is published.
==April==
* '''[[24 April|24]]''' - [[Guillermo del Toro]] is announced as the director of ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit]]'' film adaptation and its sequel.
* '''[[24 April|24]]''' - The thirteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Doom of the Last-King]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[26 April|26]]''' - [[Fantasy Festival 2008]].
* '''[[28 April|28]]''' - ''[[Tolkien - min vän Ronald och hans världar]]'' is published.

==May==
* '''[[1 May|1]]''' - ''[[Of Words and Worlds]]'' is published.
* '''[[1 May|1]]''' - The thirteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Doom of the Last-King]]'', is released in Europe.
* '''[[23 May|23]]''' - The [[RiffTrax]] commentary of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' is released online.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 211]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Lembas Extra: Proceedings of the 5th Unquendor Lustrum]]'' is published.

==June==
* '''[[5 June|5]]-[[8 June|8]]''' - [[Forodrim]]'s 36th birthday celebration.
* '''[[10 June|10]]''' - Actor [[David Brierly]] dies.

==July==
* '''[[1 July|1]]''' - ''[[Tolkien On Fairy-stories]]'' is published.
* '''[[10 July|10]]-[[13 July|13]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing X]].
* '''[[22 July|22]]''' - The fourteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ring-forges of Eregion]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[24 July|24]]''' - The fourteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ring-forges of Eregion]]'', is released in Europe.
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 5]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 212]]'' is published.

==August==
* '''[[2 August|2]]''' - [[Pauline Baynes]], Tolkien's favourite artist, dies.
* '''[[15 August|15]]-[[18 August|18]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXIX]].

==September==
* '''[[8 September|8]]''' - ''[[Tolkien's Oxford]]'' is published.
* '''[[25 September|25]]-[[28 September|28]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2008]].
* '''?''' - The 2008 edition of ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 213]]'' is published.

==October==
* '''[[7 October|7]]''' - The [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|radio series of ''Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' is re-released in the US.
* '''[[21 October|21]]''' - Fantasy novel ''[[The Indigo King]]'', featuring [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] as a fictional character, is published.
* '''[[23 October|23]]''' - ''[[The Spoken Word: British Writers]]'', featuring an interview with [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], is released.

==November==
* '''[[1 November|1]]''' - ''[[The Tolkien Name in History]]'' is published.
* '''[[12 November|12]]''' - ''[[Fantasy, Myth and the Measure of Truth|Fantasy, Myth and the Measure of Truth: Tales of Pullman, Lewis, Tolkien, MacDonald and Hoffmann]]'' is published.
* '''[[18 November|18]]''' - The fifteenth and final book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Daughter of Strife]]'', is released.
* '''[[18 November|18]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'' is released.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 214]]'' is published.

==?==
* '''?''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings and the Western Narrative Tradition]]'' is published
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien's Shorter Works]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings – Sources of Inspiration]]'' is published.
{{years|2005|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010|2011}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

2008

2011-06-27T00:59:12Z

Mithrennaith: /* July */ correcting Tolkien Thing

{{year-header}}
==January==
* '''[[1 January|1]]''' - Fantasy novel ''[[The Search for the Red Dragon]]'', featuring [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] as a fictional character, is published.
* '''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s birthday.
* '''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[Birthday Toast]]
* '''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[The Tolkien Society]]'s Birthday Dinner
* '''[[5 January|5]]''' - [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece The Times] ranks [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] the sixth-best post-war British writer.
* '''[[14 January|14]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Ultimate Critical Review]]'' is released.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 209]]'' is published.

==February==
* '''[[6 February|6]]''' - Artist [[John Alvin]] dies.
* '''[[7 February|7]]-[[9 February|9]]''' - ''[[C.S. Lewis]], the [[Inklings]], and the Call to Christian Community'' conference, featuring [[Tom Shippey]].
* '''[[13 February|13]]''' - The twelfth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ashen Wastes]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[14 February|14]]''' - The twelfth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ashen Wastes]]'', is released in Europe.

==March==
* '''[[10 March|10]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is elected "Best Foreign Book of All Time" in the Netherlands.
* '''[[25 March|25]]''' - [[Tolkien Reading Day]].
* '''[[31 March|31]]''' - ''[[Tolkien's Gedling]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 210]]'' is published.
==April==
* '''[[24 April|24]]''' - [[Guillermo del Toro]] is announced as the director of ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit]]'' film adaptation and its sequel.
* '''[[24 April|24]]''' - The thirteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Doom of the Last-King]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[26 April|26]]''' - [[Fantasy Festival 2008]].
* '''[[28 April|28]]''' - ''[[Tolkien - min vän Ronald och hans världar]]'' is published.

==May==
* '''[[1 May|1]]''' - ''[[Of Words and Worlds]]'' is published.
* '''[[1 May|1]]''' - The thirteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Doom of the Last-King]]'', is released in Europe.
* '''[[23 May|23]]''' - The [[RiffTrax]] commentary of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' is released online.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 211]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Lembas Extra: Proceedings of the 5th Unquendor Lustrum]]'' is published.

==June==
* '''[[5 June|5]]-[[8 June|8]]''' - [[Forodrim]]'s 36th birthday celebration.
* '''[[10 June|10]]''' - Actor [[David Brierly]] dies.

==July==
* '''[[1 July|1]]''' - ''[[Tolkien On Fairy-stories]]'' is published.
* '''[[10 July|10]]-[[13 July|13]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]].
* '''[[22 July|22]]''' - The fourteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ring-forges of Eregion]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[24 July|24]]''' - The fourteenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The Ring-forges of Eregion]]'', is released in Europe.
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 5]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 212]]'' is published.

==August==
* '''[[2 August|2]]''' - [[Pauline Baynes]], Tolkien's favourite artist, dies.
* '''[[15 August|15]]-[[18 August|18]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXIX]].

==September==
* '''[[8 September|8]]''' - ''[[Tolkien's Oxford]]'' is published.
* '''[[25 September|25]]-[[28 September|28]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2008]].
* '''?''' - The 2008 edition of ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 213]]'' is published.

==October==
* '''[[7 October|7]]''' - The [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|radio series of ''Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' is re-released in the US.
* '''[[21 October|21]]''' - Fantasy novel ''[[The Indigo King]]'', featuring [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] as a fictional character, is published.
* '''[[23 October|23]]''' - ''[[The Spoken Word: British Writers]]'', featuring an interview with [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], is released.

==November==
* '''[[1 November|1]]''' - ''[[The Tolkien Name in History]]'' is published.
* '''[[12 November|12]]''' - ''[[Fantasy, Myth and the Measure of Truth|Fantasy, Myth and the Measure of Truth: Tales of Pullman, Lewis, Tolkien, MacDonald and Hoffmann]]'' is published.
* '''[[18 November|18]]''' - The fifteenth and final book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Daughter of Strife]]'', is released.
* '''[[18 November|18]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'' is released.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 214]]'' is published.

==?==
* '''?''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings and the Western Narrative Tradition]]'' is published
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien's Shorter Works]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings – Sources of Inspiration]]'' is published.
{{years|2005|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010|2011}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

2007

2011-06-27T00:57:10Z

Mithrennaith: correcting Tolkien Thing

{{year-header}}
==January==
* '''[[3 January|3]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s birthday, [[Birthday Toast]].
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 203]]'' is published.
==February==
* '''[[2 February|2]]''' - The production of the video game ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The White Council]]'' is put on hold indefinately; it would later be officially cancelled.

==March==
* '''[[1 March|1]]''' - ''[[The Company They Keep]]'' is published.
* '''[[1 March|1]]''' - [[Electronic Arts]] releases ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth Anthology|The Battle for Middle-earth Anthology]]''.
* '''[[9 March|9]]-[[11 March|11]]''' - [[The One Ring Celebration 2007]].
* '''[[25 March|25]]''' - [[Tolkien Reading Day]].
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 204]]'' is published.
==April==
* '''[[13 April|13]]-[[15 April|15]]''' - [[Tolkien 2007]] conference.
* '''[[15 April|15]]''' - ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 4]]'' is published.
* '''[[16 April|16]]''' - ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' is published.
* '''[[24 April|24]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'' is released.
* '''[[30 April|30]]''' - ''[[Roots and Branches]]'' is published.

==May==
* '''[[1 May|1]]''' - ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' Volume 1 is published.
* '''[[9 May|9]]''' - ''[[Quest for Middle-earth]]'' is published.
* '''[[15 May|15]]''' - Artist [[Angus McBride]] dies.
* '''[[16 May|16]]''' - The Deluxe Edition of ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 205]]'' is published.
==June==
* '''[[4 June|4]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Official Stage Companion]]'' is published.
* '''[[12 June|12]]''' - The fan film ''[[The Peril to the Shire]]'' premieres to a private audience.
* '''[[14 June|14]]''' - The ninth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Shores of Evendim]]'', is released.
* '''[[19 June|19]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Musical]]'' premieres at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane in London.
* '''[[26 June|26]]''' - ''[[Tree of Tales]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Vinyar Tengwar 49]]'' is published.

==July==
* '''[[13 July|13]]-[[15 July|15]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]]
* '''[[27 July|27]]-[[29 July|29]]''' - [[MerpCon III]].
* '''?''' - ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'' 17 is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 206]]'' is published.
==August==
* '''[[3 August|3]]-[[6 August|6]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXVIII]].
* '''[[4 August|4]]''' - Author [[Timothy J. Wheeler]] dies.
* '''[[8 August|8]]-[[11 August|11]]''' - [[Omentielva Tatya]], the second international conference on Tolkien' s invented languages
* '''[[21 August|21]]''' - The tenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The City of Kings]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[24 August|24]]''' - The tenth book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[The City of Kings]]'', is released in Europe.
* '''[[25 August|25]]''' - [[Tolkien Society Australian Seminar 2007]] in Sydney, Australia.
* '''[[27 August|27]]''' - ''[[The Frodo Franchise]]'' is published.

==September==
* '''[[10 September|10]]''' - ''[[From Mind to Mind|"from mind to mind": Robert Browning and J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' is published.
* '''[[14 September|14]]-[[16 September|16]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2007]].
* '''[[21 September|21]]''' - ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' is published in the United States.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 207]]'' is published.

==October==
* '''[[1 October|1]]''' - The second and expanded edition of ''[[Tolkien On Fairy-stories]]'' is published.
* '''[[5 October|5]]-[[7 October|7]]''' - ''Cair Andros'', a feast of the [[Ellinikós Sýllogos Philon Tólkin]] (or "The Prancing Pony").
* '''[[12 October|12]]-[[15 October|15]]''' - [[Ring*Con 2007]].
* '''[[24 October|24]]''' - The eleventh book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Prisoner of the Free Peoples]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[25 October|25]]''' - The eleventh book of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'', ''[[Prisoner of the Free Peoples]]'', is released in Europe.

==November==
* '''[[6 November|6]]''' - ''[[Essential Tolkien]]'' audiobook is released.
* '''[[19 November|19]]''' - ''[[The Children of Húrin Signed Limited Edition]]'' is published.
* '''[[20 November|20]]''' - ''[[The Return of the King: The Complete Recordings]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 208]]'' is published.

==December==
* '''[[18 December|18]]''' - [[New Line Cinema]] and [[MGM]] announce [[The Hobbit films]].
==?==
* '''?''' - ''[[Inside Language]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Myth and Magic: Art according to the Inklings]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[LOTRSBG: Mordor|The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game: Mordor]]'' is published.
{{years|2004|2005|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

12 July

2011-06-27T00:45:25Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ correcting Tolkien Thing - again :(

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1979]]''' - [[Mythcon X]] in [[wikipedia:San Jose, California|San Jose, California]].
* '''[[1981]]''' - The nineteenth episode of the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio series]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' is aired on [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]].
* '''[[2002]]''' - [[Przemyslaw Mroczkowski]], scholar and friend of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], dies.
* '''[[2005]]''' - ''[[Der Berggeist]]'' is auctioned at Sotheby's.
* '''[[2005]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VII]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|1944}}:
** The [[Disaster of the Morannon]].
** Death of [[Ondoher]], King of [[Gondor]], and his sons [[Artamir]] and [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]].
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|194]]</noinclude>

11 July

2011-06-27T00:44:18Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ correcting Tolkien Thing - again :(

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1972]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 340]].
* '''[[2005]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VII]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|193]]</noinclude>

14 July

2011-06-27T00:38:46Z

Mithrennaith: /* On Earth */ adding Tolkien Thing

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1916]]''' – The 11th Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers (including [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]) is sent into action at the [[Battle of the Somme|Somme]] front.
* '''[[1931]]''' - Voice actor [[Robert Stephens]] is born.
* '''[[1949]]''' - Tolkien scholar and writer [[Brian Sibley]] is born.
* '''[[1979]]''' - [[Mythcon X]] in [[wikipedia:San Jose, California|San Jose, California]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - "Mount Doom", the tenth set in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'', is released.
* '''[[2005]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VII]] in [[wikipedia:Hohensolms|Hohensolms]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2006]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VIII]] in [[wikipedia:Diez|Diez]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|196]]</noinclude>

2006

2011-06-27T00:37:13Z

Mithrennaith: /* July */ correcting Tolkien Thing - again :(

{{year-header}}
==January==
* '''[[20 January|20]]''' - The second ''[[The One Ring Celebration]]'' is held in [[wikipedia:Pasadena, California|Pasadena]].
* '''[[31 January|31]]''' - ''[[In Elven Lands]]'' is released.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 197]]'' is published.
==February==
* '''[[16 February|16]]''' - ''[[The Keys of Middle-earth]]'' is published.
* '''[[19 February|19]]''' - Death of [[Wi Kuki Kaa]], actor originally cast as [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''.
* '''[[28 February|28]]''' - ''[[Reading The Lord of the Rings]]'' is released.
* '''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 47]] is published.
==March==
* '''[[2 March|2]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'' is published.
* '''[[17 March|17]]''' - [[Bob Papenbrook]], who voiced [[Théoden]] and [[Gimli]] in the video game ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'', dies.
* '''[[23 March|23]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings Musical]] at Toronto has its press opening.
* '''[[31 March|31]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings 1954-2004|The Lord of the Rings 1954-2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 198]]'' is published.
==April==
* '''[[7 April|7]]''' - The [[Tolkien Ensemble]] publish their collected work, ''[[Complete Songs and Poems]]''.
* '''[[11 April|11]]''' - ''[[Fellowship!]]'', an independent musical parody of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', wins the [http://www.laweekly.com/index.php?option=com_lawcontent&task=view&id=13103&Itemid=47 LA Weekly Theater Award] for ''Musical of the Year''.
==May==
* '''[[9 May|9]]''' - ''[[A Tolkienian Mathomium]]'' is published.
* '''[[19 May|19]]''' - ''[[The Ring of Words]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 199]]'' is published.
==June==
* '''[[1 June|1]]''' - ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 3]]'' is published.
* '''[[11 June|11]]''' - Tim Hildebrandt, one of the renowned [[brothers Hildebrandt]], dies.
==July==
* '''[[1 July|1]]-[[4 July|4]]''' - [[The Gathering of the Fellowship 2006]] takes place in Toronto.
* '''[[2 July|2]]''' - [[Pieter Collier]] is awarded the ''1st Annual Northeast Tolkien Society Imperishable Flame Award 2006'' for his immense collection.
* '''[[13 July|13]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The White Council]]'' is anounced.
* '''[[14 July|14]]-[[16 July|16]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VIII]].
* '''[[28 July|28]]-[[30 July|30]]''' - [[ELF 2006]].
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 200]]'' is published.

==August==
* '''[[4 August|4]]-[[7 August|7]]''' - [[Mythcon XXXVII]].
* '''[[21 August|21]]-[[25 August|25]]''' - [[The Oxford Tolkien Conference]].
* '''?''' - ''[[Mallorn 44]]'' is published.
==September==
* '''[[11 September|11]]''' - Translator [[William Auld]] dies.
* '''[[15 September|15]]-[[17 September|17]]''' - [[Oxonmoot 2006]].
* '''[[18 September|18]]''' - ''[[Children of Húrin]]'' is announced.
*'''[[26 September|26]]''' - Fantasy novel ''[[Here, There Be Dragons]]'', featuring [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] as a fictional character, is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 201]]'' is published.

==October==
* '''[[10 October|10]]''' - ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]'' is published.
==November==
* '''[[6 November|6]]''' - ''[[Peter Jackson: A Film-maker's Journey]]'' is published.
* '''[[10 November|10]]-[[12 November|12]]''' - [[Ring*Con 2006]].
* '''[[21 November|21]]''' - The [[RiffTrax]] commentary of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' is released online.
* '''[[27 November|27]]''' - [[Anthony Jackson]], the Tale Bearer in the [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|1968 radio series of ''The Hobbit'']], dies.
* '''?''' - ''[[Amon Hen 202]]'' is published.
==December==
* '''?''' - [[Vinyar Tengwar 48]] is published.
==?==
* '''?''' - [[Audiobooks]] of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', ''[[The Two Towers]]'' and ''[[The Return of the King]]'', read by [[Rob Inglis]], are published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien and Modernity 1]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien and Modernity 2]]'' is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[LOTRSBG: Legions of Middle-earth|The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game: Legions of Middle-earth]]'' is published.

{{years|2003|2004|2005|2006|2007|2008|2009}}

[[category:Years (real-world)]]