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Ornendil

2026-02-09T01:18:11Z

Mord: /* History */ copyediting

{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Ornendil
| image=Kent Burles - The Capture of Ornendil.png
| caption="The Capture of Ornendil" by [[:Category:Images by Kent Burles|Kent Burles]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Before {{TA|1330}}<ref name=Elendil>{{PM|Elendil}}, The Southern Line of Gondor: the Anarioni, 23. Aldamir</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|1437}}
| deathlocation=
| age=107+
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]]
| siblings=[[Aldamir]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ornendil''' was the older<ref>{{App|South}}, ''Kings of Gondor'', Aldamir</ref> son of King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] of [[Gondor]].<ref name="Ornendil">{{App|Gondor}}, entry for king Eldacar</ref>

==History==
In {{TA|1432}} Ornendil's grandfather, King [[Valacar]] died and the civil war of the [[Kin-strife]] began,<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 1432</ref> because some of the [[Dúnedain]], especially in the southern provinces refused to accept Eldacar as their new king, who had been born in an alien country and whose mother [[Vidumavi]] was perceived by them to be of a lesser and alien race. [[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]], one of the leaders of the rebels against Eldacar, besieged [[Osgiliath]], which Eldacar held for a long time.<ref name="Ornendil" /> In {{TA|1437}}<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 1437</ref> the forces of Castamir took and burnt Osgiliath. Though [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] managed to escape to his kinfolk in [[Rhovanion]], Ornendil was captured, and put to death by Castamir.<ref name="Ornendil" /> Ten years later, in {{TA|1447}},<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 1447</ref> Eldacar managed to avenge his son's death by killing Castamir in the [[Battle of the Crossings of Erui]].<ref name="Ornendil" />

==Etymology==
Ornendil is a [[Quenya]] name. It means "Lover of Trees".<ref>{{NM|P1iii}}, footnote 1</ref> It is a compound of [[orne]] ("tree") and [[-ndil|-(n)dil]] ("lover", "friend").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3384274191.html|articlename=Q. ''Ornendil'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=29 April 2022}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | CAL | | |NAR=[[Narmacil I]] ''{{TA|1049|n}} - {{TA|1294|n}}''|CAL=[[Calmacil (King of Gondor)|Calmacil]] ''{{TA|1058|n}} - {{TA|1304|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | VID | | ROM | | CAL |VID=[[Vidugavia]] ''unknown''|ROM=[[Rómendacil II]] ''{{TA|1126|n}} - {{TA|1366|n}}''|CAL=[[Calimehtar (son of Calmacil)|Calimehtar]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | VID |y| VAL | | |:| |VID=[[Vidumavi]] ''d. {{TA|1332|n}}''|VAL=[[Valacar]] ''{{TA|1194|n}} - {{TA|1432|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | ELD | | | | CAS |ELD=[[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] ''{{TA|1255|n}} - {{TA|1490|n}}''|CAS=[[Castamir]] ''{{TA|1259|n}} - {{TA|1447|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ORN | | ALD | | SON |ORN='''ORNENDIL''' ''d. {{TA|1437|n}}''†|ALD=[[Aldamir]] ''{{TA|1330|n}} - {{TA|1540|n}}''†|SON=''sons'' ''unknown''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | HYA | | | | |HYA=[[Hyarmendacil II]] ''{{TA|1391|n}} - {{TA|1621|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | MIN | | | | | |MIN=[[Minardil]] ''{{TA|1454|n}} - {{TA|1634|n}}''†}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other verions of the legendarium==
A late manuscript of what would later become Appendix A mentions that Ornendil was killed in {{TA|1446}} and that his brother Aldamir was the third child of Eldacar, which implies that Ornendil also had a sister.<ref name="Elendil" />

{{references}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Ornendil]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/ornendil]]
[[fi:Ornendil]]

Talk:Two Watchers

2026-01-23T16:36:27Z

Mord: Ugly watermark

==Proper Name==
In [[The Two Towers]], [[Gollum]] refers to the two watchers as the “Silent Watchers” on pages 840 and 926. This could be wrong since Gollum isn’t exactly known for being reliable. However, later on page 839, [[Gorbag]] also refers to the two watchers as the “Silent Watchers”. While neither of these two characters are reliable sources of information, it cannot be a coincidence that they both use that same term despite never meeting each other. This suggests that the proper name of the two watchers are the “Silent Watchers”. The quotes are as follows in chronological order:

{{Quote|Nothing moves on the road that they don’t know about. The things inside know: the Silent Watchers.|[[Gollum]] in ''[[The Two Towers]]'', [[The Black Gate is Closed]]}}

{{Quote|He will come out of the Black Gate one day, one day soon. That is the only way big armies can come. But away down west He is not afraid, and there are the Silent Watchers.|[[Gollum]] in ''[[The Two Towers]]'', [[The Black Gate is Closed]]}}

{{Quote|See here – our Silent Watchers were uneasy more than two days ago, that I know.|[[Gorbag]] in ''[[The Two Towers]]'', [[The Choices of Master Samwise]]}}

—— [[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]], 15 May 2022 (UTC)

==Michael Martinez is wrong==

Michael Martinez is often a good source for Tolkien info but in this case he's completely mistaken because he misread the text. "Tark-work" is the bypassing of the Watchers, not the construction/origin of the Watchers. It's unusual for MM to make a mistake like this, but it doesn't deserve being given credence on TG. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 05:16, 17 February 2025 (UTC)
:I agree with your interpretation. However, I disagree that Martinez's interpretation is unambiguously wrong.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 08:34, 17 February 2025 (UTC)

==new image watermark==

I don't want to revert the change willy-nilly but is there a non-watermarked version we can use? The watermark is quite ugly. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 16:36, 23 January 2026 (UTC)

Stephen Raw

2025-12-01T18:41:07Z

Mord: copyediting

'''Stephen Raw''' (born [[1952]]) is a British artist who drew the seven maps for the revised version of ''The Lord of the Rings'' published in 1994, and used in all subsequent English editions. Raw was commissioned by the publishers [[HarperCollins]] and worked under the tutelage of [[Christopher Tolkien]] (who had drawn the originals for his father, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]).

Christopher Tolkien wrote "A Note on the Maps" (page 1140 of the one-volume edition) in which he gave an explanation of the background to the maps.<ref>''[http://www.tolkienmaps.com/index.html Tolkienmaps.com]'', as of June 21, 2010. (external link)</ref> Raw kept an extensive archive of letters and faxes from Christopher from the time they worked on the maps for ''The Lord of the Rings''.<ref>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/06/20/37152-british-artist-who-drew-the-maps-for-j-r-r-tolkiens-the-lord-of-the-rings-visits-usa/#more-37152 British artist, who drew the maps for J R R Tolkien's 'The Lord of the Rings' visits USA] at Theonering.net as of June 21, 2010. (external link)</ref>
==See also==
*[[:Category:Images by Stephen Raw|Images by Stephen Raw]]
==External links==

*[http://www.tolkienmaps.com/index.html Tolkienmaps.com] (official site for the maps)
*[http://www.stephenraw.com/ Stephenraw.com] (official homepage)
*[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2010/09/11/38485-why-are-there-no-%E2%80%98towers-of-a-distant-city%E2%80%99-on-the-map-of-middle-earth/ Why are there no ‘towers of a distant city’ on the map of Middle-earth?]
*[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2011/10/17/49124-the-lord-of-the-rings-maps-the-real-history/ The Lord of the Rings Maps: The Real History]

{{references}}

[[Category:Cartographers|Raw, Stephen]]
[[Category:British people|Raw, Stephen]]
[[Category:People by name|Raw, Stephen]]

Talk:Tom Bombadil

2025-09-01T06:34:37Z

Mord: Objection seconded

I know Tolkien states that there must be some mystery in any mythology, and the origin of Tom Bombadil is one of them, but I would still like to know the opinions of everyone on this matter. As for me, it seems probable that he is one of the Maia, for he does say that he remembers when the elves travelled west. {{unsigned|Aragorn47}}
:He also says that he "knew the dark under the stars when it was fearless — before the Dark Lord came from Outside.". So he was in Arda before even the Ainur. This means he simply can't be categorised. I think, "cosmologically" speaking Tom is a fundamental part of Arda and the Music of the Ainur.--[[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]] 10:28, 10 February 2008 (EST)
::I agree with Aüle on this. Tolkien knew his own world so well that he just had to have some mystery. It seems clear to me that he is not of the Maiar because he remembers Melkor's coming. I believe he (along with Goldberry) is some kind of nature spirit. [[User:Ingwe|Ingwe]] 12:06, 10 February 2008 (EST)

::I agree with the final part of the theories which want Tom to be some kind of soul-less sprite, of different nature than the divine forces of Good and Evil and I wanted to expand it if there wasn't that in-use tag. Can we edit yet? [[User:Sage|Sage]] 08:39, 31 July 2008 (EDT)

:::I planned to write something on the whole enigma part, but if you want to do it, go ahead. The "claimed" template was originally devised so that when someone is making large edits to an article, they don't get an edit conflict because someone else wanted to correct a typo. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 09:07, 31 July 2008 (EDT)

::::My preferred solution to the enigma of Tom is that he is the author incarnate, the creator of the legendarium who has taken bodily form to enter and live inside his own creation. In other words, he is Tolkien himself. This interpretation is consistent with most of the textual references, and flows naturally from Tolkien's strong Christian beliefs. As the creator he is of course older than anything in his created world, and because he actually has an existence outside his creation in a wholly different dimension the powerful evils of Middle Earth do not hold sway over him. Finally, the author of a story generally tries to let his characters run their own lives and make their own decisions, rather then forcing them to act according to his own wishes. This explains why Bombadil chooses to live an isolated life, away from and unconcerned with all the important persons and events of Middle-earth, and can not be relied upon as the solution to the problem of the One Ring.{{unsigned|Faded Glory}}
:::::I have heard a similar explanation that says that Tom is "the reader of the book himself". I don't really understand these theories, however they are not actually an "in-universe" solution to the enigma but rather "behind the scenes" literary analyses. So even if we suppose that Tom is actually the author/the reader/Tolkien's son's toy doll, the in-universe enigma remains... [[User:Sage|Sage]] 06:14, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

==Forn is not Khuzdul==

Wanted to get some agreement in this before editing.

The info box for the article suggests that Forn is the name of Tom Bombadil in Khuzdul. As far as I am aware (and it is of course hard to rule out all possible references) this is nowhere attested; rather, it is stated that this is his name among the dwarves. It also seems unlikely to be Khuzdul, as the name is an old Norse word, meaning ancient.

As we know, Tolkien translates mannish languages into English and associated Germanic tongues. Languages like Quenya, Sindarin and Khuzdul go untranslated. There is very little attested in any of the original mannish tongues due to this translation convention, with only some proper names and the snippets from the Notion Club Papers to go on for Adunaic, for instance.

Much as Westron is translated into modern English, and the related but ancient language of the Rohirrim into Old English, so the languages of the men of the North such as Dale are translated into other Germanic languages such as old Norse and this is taken to be the explanation for the Norse names of the dwarfs, these being not their unrevealed Khuzdul names, but rather their outer names in mannish tongues for conversation with men and elves. For that reason, I think we can be confident that Forn is a translation of an unknown Kuzdul element, meaning ancient into a northern mannish tongue. The element Gamil is a candidate, as it is conjectured to mean Old, though this is probably an adjectival form.

I suppose one could go further and state that Orald is not his Rohirric name for the same reason, but within the translation convention, it is. The point is that even within the translation convention, I believe that Forn is Bombadil's 'outer' name among the dwarves, rather than his Khuzdul name. [[User:Cmsg77|Cmsg77]] ([[User talk:Cmsg77|talk]]) 18:29, 30 August 2025 (UTC)

:I disagree with the decision by a recent editor to give Forn as Old Norse, when Orald is given as Rohanese. Either Forn is Dalish (with an understanding that Dalish is translated to Old Norse, much as Rohanese is translated to Old Mercian), or Orald is Old Mercian. Either they should both be described by their translated languages, or neither should.
:My position is that it is nonsensical to claim that Tom has a name in ON our OE, because he does not exist in primary reality. [[User:Cmsg77|Cmsg77]] ([[User talk:Cmsg77|talk]]) 11:49, 31 August 2025 (UTC)

::I agree that positively attesting the name as Khuzdul is an overreach. As for what language it *should* be, I don't think we have a firm basis for making a positive statement. General handling of Dalish and Rohanese should be consistent however it's done. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 06:34, 1 September 2025 (UTC)

User:Mord

2025-06-01T17:46:29Z

Mord: /* Things I like */

I used to be the anonymous editor 75.118.149.152 ([[Special:Contributions/75.118.149.152|contribs]]) ([[User_talk:75.118.149.152|talk]]), but I grew a name of my own.

==Unanswerable questions that keep me up nights==
===Fourth Age===
*When exactly did Celeborn leave Middle-earth? ([[User:Mord/Of the Departure of Celeborn|My speculation on the subject]])
*What happened to Elladan and Elrohir?
*Did any Noldor remain in Middle-earth after the White Ship left? The Silmarillion suggests not, Appendix A hedges.
**If so, what about after the Last Ship?
***Who counts as a Noldo for this purpose? (The sons of Elrond? Noldor-blooded Galadhrim)?
**Did any Eldar choose to fade in Middle-earth rather than leave bodily (e.g. Thranduil)?
**Did any Elves build their own ships (cf. Legolas) after the "Last" Ship?
**Did any Silvans or Avari choose to go West?
***Did Avari have the grace to go West?
***If not, do Silvans count as Eldar?

===Third Age===
*Which four of the Seven Rings were consumed by dragonfire? The only one we know for sure survived is the Ring of the Longbeards.
*Who were the Nine Nazgûl?
**Was the Witch-king truly of Númenórean descent? Tolkien's final word on the subject (which is buried as deeply as anything Tolkien-related could possibly be while still being available to the public) was literally "probably."
**Was "Khamûl" a nom de guerre that described only the Ringwraith, or did this name derive from his original "mortal" identity?
**Were all nine of the Men to whom Sauron gave a Ring in the Second Age serving as Nazgûl during the War of the Ring, or was there turnover?

===Second Age===
*Who actually slew Sauron in the War of the Last Alliance? Gil-galad, Elendil, or Isildur?

===First Age===
*Why didn't Orodreth send Finduilas to Círdan for safekeeping at the same time as Gil-galad?
**What years were Finduilas and Gil-galad born?
{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible toccolours" style="margin:0 auto;" width="100%"
|-
! align="left" |My speculation on the subject
|-
|• We know Gil-galad was a child (less than 50 years old) when Minas Tirith fell to Sauron in {{FA|456}}, but Finduilas could have been an adult at that time, in which case she would have been less in need of such protective measures. If so, she may have already been betrothed to (or otherwise romantically involved with) Gwindor, which would give her a motive to remain on Tol Sirion while Dorthonion was being overrun.
|-
|• We know that some of Angrod's people went to the Havens after the fall of Dorthonion in {{FA|455}}, so Orodreth's family would not be alone among the Noldor of the House of Finarfin (or even the House of Angrod) in forsaking Nargothrond.
|-
|• The family could potentially have reunited after the Sons of Fëanor were expelled from Nargothrond in {{FA|465}} and the Union of Maedhros cleansed Beleriand in preparation for the Nirnaeth Arnoediad in {{FA|472}}. It could be that they did not so in this period of safety because Gil-galad was still very young or because all the Elves would have known that this momentary peace was merely a prelude to another Great Battle. After the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, Morgoth had free rein in Beleriand and it was too dangerous for women and children to travel.
|}
*Who is the elder: Elros or Elrond?
{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible toccolours" style="margin:0 auto;" width="100%"
|-
! align="left" |My speculation on the subject
|-
|• [[The Problem of Ros]] implies, without outright confirming, that it was Elros. This has two implications that concord with other elements of the Legendarium.
|-
|• First, Elrond did not make any claim to the title High King of the Noldor after the death of Gil-galad. This is already adequately explained by the extinction of the House of Finwë in the male line in Middle-earth, so this is neither conclusive nor necessary. Even so, if Elrond were junior to Elros, then among the heirs of Finwë through female lines Elrond would be junior to Aragorn and therefore unable to press a claim.
|-
|• It is unclear if Elros removed himself from the succession by choosing the Fate of Men, as there is no precedent for this. Dior Eluchil established precedent both for mortal Peredhil and female-line descendants to inherit Elvish royal titles, but he was a king of Sindar rather than Noldor. This makes it difficult to judge the extent to which his example should inform the case of Elros.
|-

|• Second, even if Elladan and/or Elrohir were to choose the Fate of Men, Elrond being junior to Elros would still make Aragorn the most senior dynast of the House of Eärendil in Middle-earth. This concords with Eldarion's implicit position as the ultimate inheritor of all royal bloodlines among the Eldar and Edain. However, neither Elladan nor Elrohir are known to have so chosen, so an elder Elrond would pose no difficulty if the twins departed with Celeborn.
|}
*What was the true fate of Tuor and Idril?
**Does the Sleeper in the Tower of Pearl relate to them in any way?
**Tolkien was clear that the Sleeper was not Idril, but could they have been Tuor?

==Things I like==
*[https://brownmath.com/general/ringfaq.htm FAQ of the Rings] – Mostly great information and some interesting speculation about the Rings of Power.
*[https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] - Extremely impressive calendar comparison tool.
*[https://ymarkov.livejournal.com/280578.html The Last Ringbearer] – The very best fan fiction ever written, and possibly the only work of fan fiction with genuine literary merit.
*[https://forodrim.org/daeron/md_hm.html What's in the History of Middle-earth?] - Excellent set of tables of contents for the HOME series that organize its contents along multiple criteria.
*[http://www.zarkanya.net/Tolkien/Decline%20of%20the%20Numenoreans.htm Decline of the Lifespan of the Númenóreans] - Great visual summary and data analysis.
*[https://acoup.blog/2019/05/10/collections-the-siege-of-gondor/ The Siege of Gondor] - An academic medieval historian's analysis of the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. (Bonus: The same historian's analysis of the [https://acoup.blog/2020/05/01/collections-the-battle-of-helms-deep-part-i-bargaining-for-goods-at-helms-gate/ Battle of Helm's Deep].)
*[https://phuulishfellow.wordpress.com/2022/01/30/elendil-the-insufferable-lying-bastard-historical-bias-in-the-akallabeth-part-one/ Historical Bias in the Akallabêth] - Alternative character analysis of Elendil based on the biases revealed in his account of the Downfall.
*My favorite characters in the Legendarium: [[Círdan]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elmo]]. I like the ones who don't get a lot of attention but whose efforts in the background were nonetheless essential.
*[[Help:References#Shortcuts|Reference templates]]

Fell beasts

2025-02-26T02:26:53Z

Mord: clarity on what JRRT thought of pterodactyls; misc stylistic revisions

{{disambig-two|the winged steeds of the [[Nazgûl]]|vague term|[[Fell beasts (vague term)|fell beasts]]}}
{{race infobox
| name=Fell beasts
| image = John Howe - Nazgul 01.jpg
| caption="Nazgul" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Nazgûl-birds, Black Wings, hell-hawks
| origin=
| location=[[Mordor]]
| affiliation=[[Nazgûl]]
| rivalry=
| language=
| people=
| members=
| lifespan="Older world" - [[Third Age]]
| distinctions=A long neck and vast pinions
| height=
| hair=None
| skin=Webbed and plain
| clothing=
| weapons=Horned fingers, claws, and a beak
| gallery=
}}

"'''[[Fell beasts (vague term)|Fell beasts]]'''"<ref name="pelennor">{{RK|Battle}}</ref> (also called '''Nazgûl-birds'''<ref name="name">{{L|100}}</ref>, '''Black Wings'''<ref name="blackwing">{{TT|Gate}}</ref>, and "'''hell-hawks'''"<ref name="siege">{{RK|Siege}}</ref>) were huge pterodactylic flying creatures best known for serving as steeds for the [[Nazgûl]].

== Description ==
Fell beasts were huge winged creatures with a beak and claws and were described as similar to carrion<ref name="blackwing" /> birds but much greater and more monstrous<ref name="harrowdale">{{RK|Muster}}</ref> than any kind of bird, including [[Eagles]].<ref name="siege"/> They were dark and appeared shadow-like even at night.<ref name="dark">{{FR|River}}</ref> Their body was plain and naked, lacking any quills or feathers. They had a long neck as well as vast pinions consisting of a web-like "hide between horned fingers". They possessed a "fell speed" which allowed them to fly faster than the wind.<ref name="deadmarshes">{{TT|Marshes}}</ref> Furthermore, fell beasts also gave off a stench. In battle they swooped upon prey with their feet to drop foes from the sky,<ref name="siege"/> crushed enemies under their sheer weight,<ref name="siege"/> and used their vast wings to blow foul gusts of wind.<ref name="pelennor" />

== History ==
While their origins are unspecified, it was believed that fell beasts were creatures "of an older world" that may have been survivors of earlier geological eras.<ref name="letter211">{{L|211}}</ref> While most of their kind presumably fell in those eras,<ref name="letter211"/> some "outstayed their day" and lingered on, breeding within a hideous eyrie "in forgotten mountains" that were "cold beneath the [[Moon]]". The fell beasts dwindled over time until, eventually, all that remained was a single "untimely brood" with an instinct for evil. Sometime later, this brood was taken by one of the two [[Dark Lord]]s, who "nursed it with fell meats" until they grew larger than every other winged creature.<ref name="pelennor" />

In the year {{TA|3018}} of the late [[Third Age]], the [[Nazgûl]] rode black [[horses]] in their pursuit of [[Frodo Baggins]]. These horses were killed when they and their riders were washed away by [[Elrond]]'s flood at the [[Ford of Bruinen]].<ref>{{FR|Flight}}</ref> However, the Nazgûl survived; over the next few months made their way unseen to [[Mordor]], where [[Sauron]] gave them fell beasts to serve as new steeds.<ref name="pelennor" />

When the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] had left [[Lothlórien]] and were camped on the western shore of the river [[Anduin]] near [[Sarn Gebir]], a winged creature tried to approach them at night. However, it vanished "into the gloom of the eastern shore" with "a harsh croaking scream" after [[Legolas]] shot it with an arrow.<ref name="dark"/>

On Thursday [[1 March]],<ref name="thursday">''[[The Chronology of The Lord of the Rings]]'', p. 60</ref> a Nazgûl was sent from Mordor to the [[Dead Marshes]]. As Frodo, [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], and [[Gollum]] traveled through the marshes, the Nazgûl passed overhead on a winged creature at midnight<ref name="thursday" /> at "the speed of the wrath of Sauron" back to Mordor.<ref name="deadmarshes" />

In the evening of Sunday [[4 March]],<ref name="date">''[[The Chronology of The Lord of the Rings]]'', p. 62</ref> Frodo, Sam, and Gollum witness another Nazgûl, possibly "on some swift errand from Barad-dûr", pass overhead on a winged creature. On Monday [[5 March]],<ref name="date" /> a third winged creature flew overhead towards Mordor "an hour after midnight" which Gollum claimed was a very bad omen.<ref name="deadmarshes" />

In the dawn of Tuesday<ref name="tuesday">''[[The Chronology of The Lord of the Rings]]'', p. 64</ref> [[6 March]], a winged creature flew over [[Edoras]] in [[Rohan]] and stooped just over [[Meduseld]]. They described it as being a darkness in the shape of a monstrous bird. After this, [[Gandalf]] told the [[Rohirrim]] to assemble at [[Dunharrow]] rather than outside Edoras to prevent any attack. Three days later in the evening of [[9 March]], [[Dúnhere]], the lord of [[Harrowdale]], reported the incident to [[King of Rohan|King]] [[Théoden]], who had just returned from the [[Hornburg]].<ref name="harrowdale" />

When [[Faramir]], captain of [[Gondor]], was fleeing from the besieged city of [[Osgiliath]] on his way to [[Minas Tirith]], he and his men were beset many times by five winged creatures ridden by Nazgûl until Gandalf rode out and drove them away with a shaft of white light from his raised hand.<ref name="siege"/>

During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] rode his winged steed in battle against King Théoden; the Witch-king shot a dart which killed Théoden's [[Snowmane|horse]], which fell upon him, mortally wounding him. [[Éowyn]] removed her guise as Dernhelm and defended the dying Théoden, challenging and decapitating the winged creature. She then confronted and slew the Nazgûl, with the aid of [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]].<ref name="pelennor" />

== Etymology ==
As in the expression "fell things" occurring earlier in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'',<ref>{{FR|I3}}</ref> the word ''[[Wiktionary:fell#Etymology 4|fell]]'' in this sense is an archaic English word meaning "dreadful, terrible".<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 110</ref>

The term "[[Fell beasts (vague term)|fell beasts]]" is not used solely for the winged steeds of the Nazgûl: it was also used as a descriptor for various evil creatures of [[Mirkwood]],<ref>{{FR|Breaking}}</ref> and also a descriptor of a type of creature hunted by [[Oromë]] in addition to monsters.<ref name=valar>{{S|IIb}}</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==

== Inspiration ==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote that he did not intend the Nazgûl-bird to be a [[Wikipedia:Pterosaur|pterodactyl]], though he acknowledged that "obviously it is ''pterodactylic''" and "owes much to" the "mythology of the 'Prehistoric'". He considered that its description left open the possibility for it to be "a last survivor of older geological eras".<ref name="letter211"/>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
=== Fell beasts in adaptations ===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="180px" heights="180px">
File:The Return of the King (1980 film) - Witch-king.png|[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980)]]
File:Liz Danforth - Fell beast.png|"Fell beast" in ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]''
File:Angus McBride - Wild Fell Beast.jpg|"Wild Fell Beast" in ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Fell beast attacks Minas Tirith.jpg|Fell beast descending in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:SBG - Fell beast.jpeg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''
File:Mark Evans - Hell-hawk.png|"Hell-hawk" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]''
File:LOTR-WITN-Fell Beast-1.png|"Fell beast" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
</gallery>

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:One of the Nazgûl (possibly the Witch-king, for he carries a mace) is shown riding on a winged creature. However, Bakshi's film only covers events up to the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], so that is the only appearance of a Nazgûl-bird<ref name="name" />.

'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'':'''
:The Nazgûl ride winged horses. In the [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWjt6LGhHsI confrontation] between Éowyn and the Witch-king, the latter is seen riding a plump black-grey dragon-like animal. Gandalf had called it a '''Carrion-fowl'''.

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:The Fell Beasts are said to likely be "distant relatives of ancient [[Cold-drakes]]", and "grow to lengths of 30 feet (with 30-35-foot wingspans)". In the middle Third Age they live in [[Mountains of Mirkwood|mountainous]] areas of Mirkwood, presumably because of the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]'s presence at [[Dol Guldur]]. They are used as steeds by both the Nazgûl and a few [[Olog-hai]] warlords.<ref>{{ICE|2019}}</ref><ref group="note">In the supplement, ''[[Creatures of Middle-earth (2nd edition)|Creatures of Middle-earth]]'', the Fell beasts are said to be "presumably bred from Winged-drakes" and to have a body between 15-25 feet and a wingspan between 30-40 feet.</ref>

'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
:'''Fell Beast''' increases the number of strikes of one Nazgûl hazard-creature. '''Wild Fell Beast''' is a Drake which attacks with three strikes. With the card "Fell Rider" the Ringwraith may move to a non-Darkhaven site, but without allies and followers.

'''2001-3: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:The fell beasts are depicted as more [[Dragons|Dragon]]-like and serpentine. As opposed to having beaks, they have lipless mouths full of jagged teeth, fins running along their spine, long whip-like tails and dark gray scales. This depiction is heavily influenced by [[John Howe]], who was one of the concept artists for the films.

:In the films, the fell beasts are used for attack much more often than in the books, with the Nazgûl usually swooping down and screeching, making the defenders at the gate of Minas Tirith run away, leaving [[Gandalf]] alone to face the Witch-king as he enters.

:Although on screen the films never make this mistake, sometimes cast or crew members ([[Lawrence Makoare]] and [[Richard Taylor]] most notably) on the commentary tracks and the documentaries refer to the fell beasts as Nazgûl; this is incorrect. The fell beasts are the creature that the nine Nazgûl ride, and the mistake probably arose because fell beasts are always seen with a Nazgûl atop them.

'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''
:The Fell Beasts are portrayed without beaks, reminiscent of the depiction in ''The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy''.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod480006a&_requestid=1321389 Winged Nazgûl] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/ Games-workshop.com] (accessed 10 June 2011)</ref>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:A Nazgûl mounted on a fell beast (depicted as a dragon-like creature) appears in the [[Amon Hen]] stage of the PC and console versions of the game, where it serves as the final boss. In the first phase of the battle, the beast crawls on the ground and fights Aragorn (armed with his sword). During the second and final phase, it flies into the sky and shoots green fireballs from its mouth down at Aragorn (who shoots back at it with his bow), until it is weakened and finally shot down by Legolas in the game's ending cutscene.

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
:Hell-hawks, employed as mounts by the Ringwraiths and found wild in southern Mirkwood and (after the War of the Ring) in Gondor, resemble a "cross between lizards and featherless birds". They were bred by Sauron in mockery of the [[Eagles|Great Eagles]].<ref>{{D|Fell}}, pp. 30-31</ref>

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Agandaûr has several Fell beasts under his control. At the end of Chapter 1, Agandaûr flees on the back of one of them.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Citadel Tower''</ref>

{{references|note}}

[[Category:Animals]]
[[Category:Nazgûl]]
[[Category:Other races]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]

[[de:Reittiere der Nazgûl#Flugwesen]]
[[fi:Sormusaaveiden siivekkäät ratsut]]

Talk:Three Elderwomen of the Elves

2025-02-20T17:59:18Z

Mord: /* Already has a name */ agree

== Already has a name ==

Why isn't this article called the '''Three Elderwomen of the Elves'''? It's an actual term that Tolkien used. [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] ([[User talk:IvarTheBoneless|talk]]) 09:02, 18 February 2025 (UTC)
:I believe that this page should be moved to [[Three Elderwomen of the Elves]].[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 21:49, 19 February 2025 (UTC)
::I agree. [[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 17:59, 20 February 2025 (UTC)

Talk:Two Watchers

2025-02-17T05:16:05Z

Mord: Michael Martinez is wrong

Half-trolls

2025-02-17T05:11:47Z

Mord: Undo revision 416820 by Dour1234 (talk) "Unnamed" does not mean "not given a Proper Noun name." Do not revert this again.

{{Quote|Gothmog the lieutenant of Morgul had ﬂung them into the fray; Easterlings with axes, and Variags of Khand, Southrons in scarlet, and out of Far Harad black men like half-trolls with white eyes and red tongues.|{{RK|Battle}}}}

'''Half-trolls''' was a term used to describe the appearance of the men from [[Far Harad]] who fought for [[Sauron]] at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. These [[Men]] were said to be black skinned with white eyes and red tongues.<ref>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 846</ref> Later in the battle, the knights of [[Dol Amroth]] were said to have driven before them "troll-men and Variags and orcs."<ref>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 848</ref>

There is no other known reference to half-trolls in the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], so it cannot be known whether they ever truly existed within [[Arda]], even as folklore. If half-trolls did exist, whether their origins had any similarity to those of [[half-orcs]] can only be a matter for speculation.

==Inspiration==
According to [[Christopher Tolkien]], a character in the ''[[Wikipedia:Legends about Theodoric the Great#The Thidrekssaga|Thiðrekssaga]]'' (a 13th century work which influenced ''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún]]''), who is an off-spring of a woman and an [[Wikipedia:incubus|incubus]], appears "troll-like" and is "all over dark, with black hair and black beard".<ref>{{HM|SG}}, "Appendix A: Origins of the Legend", p. 357</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Half-trolls in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Angus McBride - Half-trolls.jpg|"Half-trolls" by [[Angus McBride]] in ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]''
File:Half-Troll Marauder.jpg|"Half-Troll Marauder" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Half-troll Brute.jpg| A "Half-troll Brute" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: Half-trolls (Sindarin ''Pirtereg'', sing. ''Pertorog'') were bred by Sauron, from a union of Olog-hai and Variags or Men from Khand. They are about seven feet tall and have black skin.<ref>{{ICE|2000}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref>

'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
:"Half-trolls of Far Harad" is a creature, able to inflict two strikes on a player. "Half-trolls" is a Troll Faction, playable at Cirith Ungol or Barad-dûr.

'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''
:The ''Half Trolls'' are "Mahûd men" of Far Harad who were altered to the size and strength of the Olog-hai of Sauron. During the end of the Third Age, when Sauron was destroyed, their powers diminished and they too fell into darkness.<ref name=WP/> Units include "Half Troll Warband" and "Half Troll of Far Harad".<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1090127&_requestid=228400 Half Trolls] at [http://www.games-workshop.com Games Workshop] (accessed 14 November 2010)</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:''Half-Troll Marauders'' are crossbreeds of Trolls and an Orcs. These creatures serve as the pikemen unit for the Goblin faction.<ref>[http://pc.ign.com/articles/684/684716p3.html Battle for Middle-earth II - The Goblin Horde] at [http://www.ign.com/ Ign.com] (accessed 14 November 2010)</ref> In [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|a later expansion pack]], ''Half Troll Swordsmen'' are available.<ref name=WP>[[Wikipedia:Troll-man|Troll-man]] at Wikipedia (accessed 14 November 2010)</ref>

'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Half-trolls appear as a type of Troll-kind creature crossed with the blood of [[Men]]. They have the strength and appearance of [[Trolls]] yet are also cunning and intelligent. [[Sauron]] bestowed Half-trolls onto the Haradrim as a gift. Half-trolls can be found throughout the various regions of [[Gondor]] and [[Anórien]], fighting alongside Men of [[Harad]] and the [[Corsairs]] of [[Umbar]].

{{references}}
{{legend}}
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:Trolls]][[de:Halbtrolle]][[fi:Puolipeikot]]
[[Category:Other races]]

Petty-dwarves

2025-02-17T05:07:29Z

Mord: add citation

{{people infobox
| name=Petty-dwarves
| image = Angus McBride - Petty dwarves.jpg
| caption="Petty dwarves" by [[Angus McBride]]
| pronun=
| othernames= ''Levain tad-dail'', ''Nibin-Nogrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Pitya-naukor'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| origin=Exiles from the eastern [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-cities]]
| location=Dwelt at one time at [[Nulukkizdîn]] in the [[Caverns of Narog]], and latterly at [[Bar-en-Nibin-noeg]] on [[Amon Rûdh]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=[[Elves]]; especially [[Noldor]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Mîm]], [[Ibun]], [[Khîm]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=Smaller, far more unsociable, freely gave away their [[Khuzdul]] names
| height=Shorter than the other Dwarves
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}

The '''Petty-dwarves''' were a diminutive race of [[Dwarves]].

Petty-dwarves differed from normal Dwarves in various ways: they were smaller and far more unsociable. It is said that they were the descendants of Dwarves who had left their communities as fugitives for some evil deeds, or been driven out, being deformed, undersized, slothful or rebellious.<ref name=Quendi/>

==History==
The Petty-dwarves were Dwarves of [presumably] several [[:Category:Dwarven clans|clans]], which descended from Dwarves exiled for evil deeds from the mansions of their kind.<ref name=Nargothrond>{{NM|P3}}, pp. 304-305</ref> They were the first to cross the [[Ered Luin]] in the [[First Age]], and established strongholds in [[Beleriand]] before the [[Elves]] arrived, at [[Nulukkizdîn]] and [[Sharbhund]] (also known as ''Bar-en-Nibin-noeg'', the "House of the Petty Dwarves"). In Beleriand they diminished in physical stature and in smith-craft.<ref name="Turambar1">{{S|21}}</ref>
[[File:Steamey - Hunting.jpg|thumb|left|''Hunting'' by Steamey]]
The [[Sindar]], not acquainted with Dwarves yet, thought the Petty-dwarves were animals, and hunted them. Not until the Dwarves of [[Belegost]] and [[Nogrod]] established contact with the Sindar did they realize what the "animals" were and named them ''Noegyth Nibin''; Petty-dwarves.<ref name=Quendi>{{WJ|AB}}, pp. 388-389</ref>

When [[Finrod]] decided to build his realm in their old dwellings, he first received their help. Pretending friendship with him, they helped him in the building of [[Nargothrond]] in exchange of a generous reward. But their chieftain [[Mîm]] tried to kill Finrod in his sleep and they were expelled.<ref name=Nargothrond/>

Thereafter they were mostly left alone, but they had already dwindled and hated all [[Elves]] with a passion; especially the [[Noldor]] whom they saw as usurpers who took their lands ([[Nargothrond]] was built in Nulukkizdîn).<ref name="Turambar1"/> In the time of the [[Wars of Beleriand]] the Petty-dwarves had nearly died out. The last remnant of their people were [[Mîm]] and his two sons [[Ibun]] and [[Khîm]], who lived at [[Amon Rûdh]].<ref name="Turambar1"/>

==Other names==
When the Sindar still belived they were mere animals, the name for the Petty-dwarves was '''''Levain tad-[[tal|dail]]''''' ("Two-legged Animals"), or simply ''Tad-dail''.<ref name=Quendi/> Later they were given other names in [[Sindarin]]: '''''Nibin-Nogrim''''', collective name of sing. ''Niben-nog'',<ref name=Eldarin>{{PE|Eldarin}}, pp. 45-46</ref> pl. '''''Nibin-noeg'''''.<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, p. 100</ref> Also sing. ''Nogoth Niben'',<ref name=Quendi/> pl. '''''Noegyth Nibin'''''.<ref name="Turambar1"/> Also sing. ''Nogotheg'' (lit. "Dwarflet").<ref name=Quendi/>

A [[Quenya]] name for a Petty was ''nuxo'',<ref name=Eldarin/> but collectively they were named '''''Pitya-naukor''''' or '''''Pikinaukor'''''.<ref name=Quendi/>

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[de:Kleinzwerge]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/petits-nains]]
[[fi:Vähäkääpiöt]]

Timeline/First Age

2025-01-29T15:15:10Z

Mord: /* Years of the Sun */ 509 remove false statement about torture

The [[First Age]] begins with the [[Awakening of the Elves]] in the [[Years of the Trees|Year of the Trees]] {{YT|1050|n}}, but those Years end in {{YT|1500}} with the creation of the [[Moon]] and [[Sun]] and were replaced by the [[Years of the Sun]]. Thus the most part of the First Age equates to c. 4,312 solar years before the first rising of the Sun.<ref group=note>One [[Year of the Trees]] is equal to 9.582 solar years.</ref>

==[[Years of the Trees]]==
{{Main|Timeline/Years of the Trees}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! '''{{YT}}''' !! '''Event'''
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1050|1050]] || [[Varda]] forms the [[Valacirca]]. '''The first 144 [[Elves]] ([[Minyar]], [[Tatyar]], and [[Nelyar]]) awake in [[Cuiviénen]]. The [[First Age]] begins.''' [[Melian]] travels to [[Beleriand]] after ascending [[Taniquetil]] to see the stars.<ref name=AA>{{AA}}</ref>
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1080|1080]] || Spies of Melkor discover the Elves and afflict them.<ref name=GA>{{GA}}</ref> It is possible through the torture of Melkor that [[Orcs]] are first created.
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1085|1085]] || [[Oromë]] discovers the [[Elves]], and calls them the [[Eldar]]. The Eldar are afraid of Oromë and blame him for [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s work.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1086|1086]] || [[Oromë]] returns to [[Valinor]] and witnesses to his peers about the Children of Ilúvatar. Oromë returns to the [[Elves]] while the Valar consider his message.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1090|1090]] || The [[Valar]] make war on [[Morgoth|Melkor]] in the [[Battle of the Powers]]. The earth is shaken. The shores of Beleriand are formed and bays are created on the North. Over the next two years, Melkor is defeated and retreats into [[Utumno]].<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1092|1092]] || The siege of Utumno begins. The North is desolated and the Sea widened.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1099|1099]] || The [[Battle of the Powers]] ends as the Valar storm the final defenses of [[Utumno]]. [[Tulkas]] captures [[Morgoth|Melkor]] and binds him with [[Angainor]].<ref name=AA /> [[Sauron]] evades capture.
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1100|1100]] || [[Morgoth|Melkor]] is brought back to Valinor, judged and cast into the [[Halls of Mandos]] for three Ages of the Valar (300 Valian Years).<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1101|1101]] || The [[Valar]] make council about the protection of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and decide to bring them to Valinor. Oromë extends this invitation to the Elves.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1102|1102]] || The Elves are unwilling to leave [[Cuiviénen]]. Oromë invites three Elven ambassadors, [[Ingwë]], [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë]] to come to Valinor with the hope that they can convince their people to come as well.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1104|1104]] || The ambassadors return to [[Cuiviénen]] and invite the Elves to return with them to Valinor.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1105|1105]] || First [[Sundering of the Elves]] at [[Cuiviénen]]. The [[Vanyar]] led by Ingwë, the [[Noldor]] led by [[Finwë]] and the [[Teleri]] led by Elwë and [[Olwë]]. The [[Avari]], led by [[Morwë]] and [[Nurwë]], stay in Cuiviénen. The [[Eldar]] depart, pass [[Sea of Helcar]] and turn west. Some are terrified by the smokes of war and go back.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1115|1115]] || Second [[Sundering of the Elves]]: The [[Eldar]] host passes [[Mirkwood|Greenwood]] the Great and comes to the River [[Anduin]]. Some Eldar, afterwards known as Lindar, wish to stay there. Terrified by the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]], [[Nandor|a part]] of them go south led by [[Lenwë]].<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1125|1125]] || The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] enter [[Beleriand]]; the foremost of them pass [[Sirion]] and reach the shores. Oromë goes to Aman for counsel.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1128|1128]] || The unwilling Teleri also come to Beleriand and dwell east of [[Gelion]].<ref name=AA /> Elwë keeps friendship with Finwë and the Noldor to the west.
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1130|1130]] || Elwë, returning from a meeting with Finwë, meets Melian in [[Nan Elmoth]]. They fall into a trance.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1132|1132]] || [[Ulmo]] brings [[Tol Eressëa|an island]] to the [[Bay of Balar]]. The Vanyar and Noldor forget their fear for the Sea and embark upon it while the Teleri stay in Beleriand to look for Elwë. While departing, the island breaks and leaves the [[Isle of Balar]] behind. After learning of the departure of the Vanyar and Noldor, Olwë leads some Teleri to the western shores where they meet [[Ossë]] and [[Uinen]].<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1133|1133]] || The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] enter [[Valinor]] and build [[Eldamar]]. The Valar open the rift [[Calacirya]] in Pelóri so that the [[Light of Valinor]] reaches Eldamar. The Elves begin the building of [[Tirion]] on the hill [[Túna]] inside Calacirya.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1140|1140]] || The [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] found [[Tirion]] and [[Mindon Eldaliéva]]. Some Vanyar yearn for the Trees and move closer to Valinor.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1142|1142]] || [[Yavanna]] gives the [[Noldor]] the [[Galathilion|White Tree]].<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1149|1149]] || Finwë prays to Ulmo to bring the Teleri to Valinor. However, Ossë is grieved to lose the Teleri and persuades some to stay with him in Beleriand. These are called the Falathrim afterwards. [[Círdan]] of the Falathrim establishes the havens of [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]]. [[Ossë]] teaches them shipcraft.<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1150|1150]] || [[Olwë]] and the most part of the Teleri leave Beleriand on Tol Eressëa. The rest of the Teleri remain to search for Elwë and are named the [[Eglath]].<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1151|1151]] || [[Ossë]] convinces [[Ulmo]] to halt Tol Eressëa outside the [[Bay of Eldamar]].<ref name=AA /> The Teleri who choose to remain on the island are afterwards named the [[Falmari]]. 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1152|1152]] || [[Elwë]] and [[Melian]] awaken from their trance.<ref name=AA /> [[Elwë]], now silver-haired, becomes the King of the Elves in [[Beleriand]].
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1161|1161]] || [[Ossë]] teaches the [[Teleri]] how to build ships. They leave Tol Eressëa and come to Valinor.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1162|1162]] || The [[Teleri]] found [[Alqualondë]] with the help of [[Finwë]].<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1165|1165]] || The [[Vanyar]] depart from [[Tirion]] to live in [[Taniquetil]] with the Valar.<ref name=AA /> The [[Noldor]] and [[Teleri]] remain in Tirion and the surrounding areas.
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1169|1169]] || Birth of [[Fëanor]], son of [[Finwë]] and [[Míriel]]. [[Aulë]] teaches the Noldor smithying and mining. [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil of Tirion]] makes the [[Sarati]] and possibly writes the [[Ainulindalë (Rúmil's work)|Ainulindalë]].<ref name=MirielYears>{{AA|78}}, Note 1, p. 101</ref>
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1170|1170]] || Death of [[Míriel|Míriel Serindë]].<ref name=MirielYears /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1182|1182]] || The [[Statute of Finwë and Míriel|Doom of Manwë]] is proclaimed. Finwë is allowed to marry again.<ref name=MirielYears /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1185|1185]] || [[Finwë]] weds [[Indis]] of the Vanyar.<ref>{{AA|80}}, Note 4, p. 101</ref> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1190|1190]] || Birth of [[Fingolfin]] in Valinor.<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1200|1200]] || Second Age of the Chaining of Melkor. Birth of [[Lúthien]] in [[Neldoreth]].<ref name=GA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1230|1230]] || Birth of [[Finarfin]] in Valinor.<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1250|1250]] || [[Fëanor]] creates the [[Tengwar]]. [[Dwarves]], known to the Elves as Naugrim, enter [[Beleriand]] and meet the [[Sindar]].<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1260|1260]] || Birth of [[Fingon]] in Valinor. Last of the [[Vanyar]] leave [[Tirion]].<ref>{{NM|P1xxii}}, p. 164</ref> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1280|1280]] || [[Finarfin]] weds [[Eärwen]].<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1300|1300]] || Third Age of the Chaining of Melkor. The births of [[Turgon]] and [[Finrod]] in Valinor.<ref>{{AA|85|note}}, p. 106</ref> The [[Dwarves of Belegost]] and the [[Sindar]] begin the building of [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]]. The Dwarves are paid with knowledge from Melian and with many pearls, including [[Nimphelos]].<ref name=GA /> [[Daeron]] creates the [[Cirth|Certhas Daeron]].<ref>{{GA|31|note}}, p. 110</ref> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1330|1330]] || [[Orcs]] are first seen in [[Beleriand]]. The Dwarves make weapons for the Sindar.<ref name=GA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1350|1350]] || [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]] leads some of the [[Nandor]] west into Beleriand and befriends [[Thingol]]. They settle in [[Ossiriand]].<ref name=GA /> Daeron betters the Cirth, which are adopted by the Dwarves and made known east of the [[Blue Mountains]].
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1362|1362]] || Births of [[Galadriel]] and [[Aredhel]] in Valinor.<ref>{{AA|86|note}}, p. 106</ref> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1400|1400]] || [[Morgoth|Melkor]] is released from bondage.<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1410|1410]] || [[Morgoth|Melkor]] befriends the [[Noldor]].<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1449|1449]] || [[Fëanor]], having invented the substance [[Silima]], begins constructing the [[Silmarils]].<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1450|1450]] || '''[[Fëanor]] completes the [[Silmarils]]. He puts the Light of the Trees in them and Varda hallows them.'''<ref name=AA /> For the next 20 years, Melkor begins spreading strife and urging the need for weapons. Fëanor expresses his desire to reject the Valar and return to Middle Earth.
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1490|1490]] || Finwë summons Fëanor to a council meeting, where he threatens Fingolfin with his sword. The Valar then exile Fëanor to [[Formenos]] for 12 years. He takes his seven sons and Finwë follows him as well.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1492|1492]] || Melkor visits Fëanor in Formenos, but he repels him. Finwë then warns the Valar, who pursue Melkor. Melkor flees and finds [[Ungoliant]] in [[Avathar]].<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1495|1495]] || Fëanor is summoned by Manwë to Taniquetil where he and Fingolfin reconcile. '''Ungoliant destroys the Two Trees. Melkor kills Finwë in Formenos and steals the Silmarils. Fëanor names him Morgoth. He and his sons swear the [[Oath of Fëanor]].''' They begin a rebellion of the Noldor against the Valar and go to Alqualondë where they [[First Kinslaying|slay the Teleri]] and steal their swanships. This begins the [[Flight of the Noldor]]. Melkor and Ungoliant flee to Beleriand where Ungoliant threatens him. Melkor calls Balrogs to his aid and they drive Ungoliant away. Melkor, now known as Morgoth, stays in [[Angband]] and raises the peaks of [[Thangorodrim]].<ref name=AA /> 
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1496|1496]] || [[Mandos]] appears before the Noldor and speaks the [[Doom of Mandos]]. Finarfin and some of his people repent and return to Valinor. Finrod, son of Finarfin, becomes the leader of his father's remaining people and they follow Fëanor.<ref name=AA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1497|1497]] || The [[First Battle of Beleriand]]. Death of [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]]. Besiegement of the [[Havens of the Falas]]. Thingol withdraws his people and Melian sets the [[Girdle of Melian]] around Doriath. The [[Laiquendi]] become hidden and take no other king.<ref name=GA /> 
The Noldor arrive at the [[Helcaraxë]]. Fëanor and his people betray Fingolfin and sail to Beleriand.<ref name=AA /> '''Burning of the ships at [[Losgar]]. The [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle-under-Stars"). [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] mortally wounds Fëanor, who is rescued by his sons before dying near [[Thangorodrim]].''' [[Maedhros]] meets with Morgoth under a false truce and is captured.<ref name=GA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1498|1498]] || [[Maedhros]] is chained to the [[Thangorodrim]]. The Noldor make a great camp at [[Mithrim]].<ref name=GA />
|-
| [[Year of the Trees 1500|1500]] || ''' The Creation of the [[Moon]] and the [[Sun]]. The host of the [[Noldor]], led by [[Fingolfin]], finishes crossing the [[Helcaraxë]] and enters [[Beleriand]].'''<ref name=GA /> The [[Battle of the Lammoth]] and death of [[Argon]]. The Moon rises seven times, after which the Sun follows. '''The First Age continues.'''
|}
==[[Years of the Sun]]==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! '''{{YS}}''' !! '''Event'''
|-
|| {{YS|1|n}} || '''The [[Moon]] first rises, followed by the [[Sun]]. From now, the First Age is measured in the [[Years of the Sun]].''' '''[[Awakening of Men]] in [[Hildórien]].''' Despite heavy losses, [[Fingolfin]] and his followers cross the [[Helcaraxë]] into [[Dor Daedeloth]], and reach the gates of [[Angband]].<ref name=GA /> Fingolfin and his host fight the [[Battle of the Lammoth]] and [[Argon]] is slain by [[Orcs]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|2|n}} || The host of [[Fingolfin]] camps beside [[Lake Mithrim]], across from the [[House of Fëanor]]. [[Morgoth]] releases poisonous vapors from [[Angband]], which darken the sky.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|5|n}} || [[Fingon]] rescues [[Maedhros]] from [[Thangorodrim]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|6|n}} || [[Thingol]] grants permission for the [[House of Finarfin]] to enter [[Doriath]], and for the [[Noldor]] to occupy the [[Northlands]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|7|n}} || The [[Noldor]] [[Council in Mithrim|hold a council]]. [[Maedhros]] relinquishes his claim to the throne. The [[Sons of Fëanor]] relocate to [[East Beleriand]]. [[Fingolfin]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]] in [[Beleriand]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|20|n}} || The [[Mereth Aderthad|Feast of Mereth Aderthad]]. [[Mablung|Mablung of the heavy hand]] and [[Daeron]] are sent from [[Doriath]] to attend.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|50|n}} || [[Ulmo]] grants visions of hidden places to [[Finrod]] and [[Turgon]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|52|n}} || [[Finrod]] discovers the [[Nulukkizdîn‎]] and they begin to construct [[Nargothrond]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|53|n}} || [[Turgon]] discovers the hidden valley of [[Tumladen]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|60|n}} || '''The [[Dagor Aglareb]] ("The Glorious Battle") is fought and the [[Siege of Angband]] begins.'''<ref name=GA /> [[Finrod]] constructs [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|64|n}} || [[Turgon]] relocates his people from [[Nevrast]] to [[Tumladen]]. They begin to construct the city of [[Gondolin]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|65|n}} || The harbors of [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] constructed.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|66|n}} || [[Thingol]] learns of the [[Silmarils]] from [[Galadriel]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|67|n}} || [[Thingol]] learns of the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. [[Finarfin|Finarfin's]] children are temporarily expelled from [[Doriath]]. Thingol forbids [[Quenya]] to be spoken in [[Beleriand]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|102|n}} || [[Nargothrond]] completed.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|116|n}} || [[Gondolin]] completed.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|150|n}} || [[Caranthir]] meets with the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|155|n}} || The first [[Assaults on Hithlum|Assault on Hithlum]];<ref name=GA /> [[Orcs]] attack from [[Lammoth]] but are defeated by [[Fingon]]. [[Morgoth]] realises that Orcs unaided are no match for the [[Noldor]] forces. 
|-
|| {{YS|260|n}} || [[Glaurung]] is defeated in [[Ard-galen]]. The [[Long Peace]] begins.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|262|n}} || Birth of [[Bëor]].<ref name=BeorII>{{WJ|14}}, "The new genealogies of the Edain", "(i) The House of Beor": Beor table II, p. 231</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|272|n}} || ''Possible'' birth of [[Finduilas]].<ref>{{NM|P1x}}, p. 72</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|282|n}} || Birth of [[Marach]].<ref name=HadorII>{{WJ|14}}, "The new genealogies of the Edain", "(ii) The House of Hador": Hador table II, p. 234</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|289|n}} || Birth of [[Baran]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|292|n}} || Birth of [[Belen]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|307|n}} || Birth of [[Malach]].<ref name=HadorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|310|n}} || '''[[Men]] of the [[House of Bëor]] enter [[Beleriand]] and are discovered by [[Finrod]].'''<ref>{{WJ|14}}: §1, p. 215</ref> Birth of [[Imlach]].<ref name=HadorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|311|n}} || [[Finrod]] returns to [[Nargothrond]] with [[Bëor]]. [[Baran]] leads the [[House of Bëor]].<ref name=14Note13>{{WJ|14}}: Note on §13, p. 227</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|312|n}} || The [[Haladin]] and the [[Drúedain]] enter [[Beleriand]].<ref name=14Note13 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|313|n}} || [[Marach]] enters [[Beleriand]].<ref name=14Note13 /><ref group=note>The arrival of Marach in Beleriand is given as 314 instead, in the genealogical table of the House of Hador; see ({{WJ|14}}, ''The new genealogies of the Edain'', ''(ii) The House of Hador'': Hador table II, p. 233).</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|315|n}} || Births of [[Haldad]]<ref name=Haladin>{{WJ|14}}, "The new genealogies of the Edain", "(iii) The Haladin": Haladin table, p. 237</ref> and [[Boron]].<ref name=BeorText>{{WJ|14}}, "The new genealogies of the Edain", "(i) The House of Beor", p. 230</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|316|n}} || Birth of [[Beldir]].<ref name=BeorII /> [[Aredhel]] leaves [[Gondolin]] and weds [[Eöl]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|317|n}} || Birth of [[Baranor (son of Baran)|Baranor]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|320|n}} || Birth of [[Maeglin]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|322|n}} || [[Malach]] settles in [[Hithlum]].<ref name=HadorIIFootnote>{{WJ|14}}, "The new genealogies of the Edain", "(ii) The House of Beor": First footnote within Hador table II, p. 234</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|330|n}} || Migration of the [[Edain]] from [[Estolad]] to the lands of the three [[Noldor]] kings begins.<ref name=14Note15>{{WJ|14}}: Note on §15, p. 227</ref>
|-
|| {{YS|336|n}} || [[Malach]] leaves [[Hithlum]].<ref name=HadorIIFootnote /> 
|-
|| {{YS|337|n}} || Birth of [[Amlach]].<ref name=HadorII /> [[Malach]] weds [[Zimrahin]].<ref name=HadorIIFootnote /> 
|-
|| {{YS|338|n}} || Birth of [[Boromir (Lord of Ladros)|Boromir]].<ref name=BeorText /> 
|-
|| {{YS|339|n}} || Births of [[Adanel]]<ref name=HadorII /> and [[Belemir]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|340|n}} || Births of [[Bereg]] and [[Belegor]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|341|n}} || Births of [[Magor]],<ref name=HadorII /> [[Haleth]], and [[Haldar]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|355|n}} || Death of [[Bëor]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|359|n}} || Birth of [[Bregor]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|361|n}} || Birth of [[Andreth]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|365|n}} || Births of [[Hathol]]<ref name=HadorII /> and [[Beril]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|366|n}} || Birth of [[Haldan]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|369|n}} || Great council of Men. [[Bereg]] leads a thousand people southwards while [[Amlach]] enters the service of Maedhros.<ref>{{WJ|14}}: Note on §19, p. 227</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|374|n}} || Birth of [[Beren (son of Belemir)|Beren]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|375|n}} || The [[Battle of the Gelion-Ascar Stockade]]. Deaths of [[Haldad]] and [[Haldar]].<ref>{{WJ|14}}: Note on §24, p. 227</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|376|n}} || [[Haladin]] begin dwelling in [[Estolad]].<ref name=14Note27>{{WJ|14}}: Note on §27, p. 228</ref> Death of [[Marach]].<ref name=HadorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|380|n}} || Edain migrants dwelling in the lands of the three [[Noldor]] kings number in the thousands.<ref name=14Note13 /> Death of [[Baran]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|386|n}} || Birth of [[Bregil]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|389|n}} || Birth of [[Hirwen]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|390|n}} || [[Haladin]] leave [[Estolad]].<ref name=14Note27 /> Births of [[Hador]]<ref name=HadorII /> and [[Halmir]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|393|n}} || Birth of [[Bregolas]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|397|n}} || Birth of [[Gilwen]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|398|n}} || Death of [[Malach]].<ref name=HadorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|400|n}} || [[Aredhel]] and [[Maeglin]] return to [[Gondolin]] and are secretly followed by [[Eöl]]. Aredhel is killed and Eöl is then executed. Maeglin remains in Gondolin.<ref name=GA /> Birth of [[Barahir]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|402|n}} || Battle at the [[Pass of Aglon]].<ref name=GA /><ref group=note>This battle is referenced only in the Grey Annals, and not in any material written after Tolkien pushed back the arrival of Men in Beleriand to 310, which emended most of the Grey Annals' entries concerning Men prior to the Dagor Bragollach. Many features of this annal create discrepancies with later versions. Bëor participated in this battle two years after his people entered Beleriand in 400, and 18 years before the other houses of the Edain arrived in 420, while in the later chronology all the Edain had dwelled in Beleriand for at least 89 years, and Bëor would have died 47 years prior. This does not necessarily mean Tolkien did not intend to include this event in his finalized version, but if he did, there is no indication what year the event may have been moved to, or what figures may have been involved.</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|405|n}} || [[Hador]] enters the service of [[Fingolfin]].<ref name=Hador31>{{WJ|14}}: Note on §31, pp. 228-229</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|406|n}} || Birth of [[Emeldir]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|408|n}} || Death of [[Boron]].<ref name=BeorText /> 
|-
|| {{YS|409|n}} || Birth of [[Brandir (son of Arachon)|Brandir]].<ref name=BeorII /> Conversation of [[Finrod]] and [[Andreth]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|410|n}} || [[Ladros]] is given to the [[House of Bëor]].<ref name=Hador31 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|411|n}} || Birth of [[Beldis]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|414|n}} || Birth of [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|415|n}} || Hador's service in Fingolfin's household ends.<ref name=Hador31 /> Birth of [[Glóredhel]].<ref name=HadorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|416|n}} || The [[House of Hador]] is given the lands of [[Dor-lómin]] to dwell in.<ref name=Hador31 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|417|n}} || Births of [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]]<ref name=HadorII /> and [[Beleth]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|418|n}} || Birth of [[Hundar]].<ref name=HaladinText>{{WJ|14}}, "The new genealogies of the Edain", "(iii) The Haladin", p. 238</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|419|n}} || Birth of [[Gundor]].<ref name=HadorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|420|n}} || Death of [[Haleth]].<ref name=Haladin /> Births of [[Hareth]]<ref name=HaladinText /> and [[Baragund]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|422|n}} || [[Forest of Brethil]] given to the [[House of Haleth]].<ref name=GA /><ref group=note>This annal creates disparities with the post-Grey Annals chronology, similarly to that for the battle in the Pass of Aglond in 402 in the previous note. In the Grey Annals, Haleth was still alive in 422, and a man. The later genealogical table of the Haladin gives Haleth's death as 420, and the Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'' describes Thingol giving Brethil to her people and Haleth living there until her death; see {{WJ|14}}: §29, p. 223.</ref> Birth of [[Belegund]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|432|n}} || Birth of [[Beren|Beren Erchamion]]. Death of [[Boromir (Lord of Ladros)|Boromir]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|436|n}} || [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]] weds [[Hareth]] and [[Glóredhel]] weds [[Haldir (Chieftain of Brethil)|Haldir]]<ref name=GA /><ref>{{WJ|I}}, pp. 267-268</ref><ref>{{GA|171|note}}, p. 128</ref> at a great feast.<ref name=SilmFingolfin>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 33</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|441|n}} || Births of [[Húrin]]<ref name=HadorII /> and [[Handir]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|443|n}} || Births of [[Morwen]]<ref name=BeorII /> and [[Hunleth]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|444|n}} || Birth of [[Huor]].<ref name=HadorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|447|n}} || Birth of [[Hundad]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|448|n}} || Death of [[Bregor]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|450|n}} || Birth of [[Rían]].<ref name=BeorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|451|n}} || Death of [[Haldan]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|455|n}} || '''[[Morgoth]] breaks the [[Siege of Angband]]. The [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame").''' Deaths of [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]], [[Hador]], [[Gundor]], and [[Bregolas]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|456|n}} || [[Fingolfin]] challenges Morgoth to single combat. Death of Fingolfin. [[Fingon]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]]. [[Gil-galad]] is sent to the [[Falas]].<ref group=note>The statement that Gil-galad was sent to the Havens in 456 was written when Tolkien considered Gil-galad to be the son of Fingon. When Tolkien considered Gil-galad to be the son of Finrod Felagund instead, he made hasty notes that Gil-galad was sent away when Finrod left Nargothrond with Beren, or when Orodreth expelled Celegorm and Curufin from Nargothrond; see {{WJ|15}}, pp. 242-243. In both cases Gil-galad's mother went with him. In Tolkien's "last word on the subject" where Gil-galad is Orodreth's son and Finduilas's brother, he only wrote that "Gil-galad escaped and eventually came to Sirion's Mouth"; see {{PM|Gil-galad}}, pp. 350-351.</ref> [[Barahir]] and his outlaws hide in [[Dorthonion]]. [[Emeldir]], wife of Barahir, leads [[House of Bëor|their people]] out of [[Dorthonion]] to [[Brethil]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|457|n}} || [[Sauron]] captures [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]].<ref name=SilmFingolfin /><ref group=note>In the Grey Annals, the date 456 was originally written above the description of Minas Tirith's capture, before being struck out and the event left to stand under the 455 annal. The description of nearly two years passing in the published ''Silmarillion'' may be a recourse to chronologies preceding the writing of the Grey Annals.</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|458|n}} || A company of [[Orcs]] defeated in the [[Forest of Brethil]]. [[Húrin]] and [[Huor]] are brought by [[Thorondor]] to [[Gondolin]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|459|n}} || [[Húrin]] and [[Huor]] leave [[Gondolin]].<ref>{{GA|162}}, p. 57</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|460|n}} || Deaths of [[Barahir]], [[Belegund]], [[Baragund]], and all the outlaws except [[Beren|Beren Erchamion]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|462|n}} || Death of [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]].<ref name=GA /> [[Orcs]] invade [[Beleriand]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|463|n}} || The [[Easterlings]] swear false loyalty to [[Maedhros]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|464|n}} || '''[[Beren]] leaves [[Dorthonion]] and meets [[Lúthien]] in the forest of Doriath.''' Birth of [[Túrin]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|465|n}} || '''The [[Quest for the Silmaril]].''' Death of [[Finrod]].<ref name=GA /> Birth of [[Brandir]].<ref name=Haladin /> 
|-
|| {{YS|466|n}} || '''[[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] take one [[Silmaril]] from [[Morgoth]].''' Beren loses his hand to [[Carcharoth]]. The [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. The first death of [[Beren|Beren Erchamion]].<ref name=GA /> Birth of [[Urwen]].<ref name=HadorII /> 
|-
|| {{YS|467|n}} || The first death of [[Lúthien]].<ref name=GA /> '''Lúthien sings before [[Mandos]], who releases both her and Beren from the [[Halls of Mandos]].''' Birth of [[Hunthor]].<ref name=Wanderings270>{{WJ|I}}, p. 270</ref>
|-
|| {{YS|468|n}} || [[Thingol]] refuses to join the [[Union of Maedhros]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|469|n}} || [[Orcs]] driven from [[Beleriand]]. [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] return to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=GA /> Death of [[Urwen]].<ref name=HadorII /> Birth of [[Manthor]].<ref name=Wanderings270 />
|-
|| {{YS|470|n}} || Births of [[Dior]]<ref name=GA /> and [[Hardang]].<ref name=Wanderings270 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|471|n}} || Death of [[Halmir]].<ref name=Haladin /> [[Huor]] weds [[Rían]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|472|n}} || '''The [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears").'''<ref name=GA /> Deaths of [[Fingon]], [[Huor]], [[Glóredhel]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]], [[Hundar]] and [[Rían]]. [[Húrin]] is taken captive to Angband. [[Turgon]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]]. The [[Year of Lamentation]]. Birth of [[Tuor]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|473|n}} || Birth of [[Nienor]]. '''[[Túrin]] sent to [[Doriath]].''' Fall of the [[Falas]]. [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] ruined. [[Gil-galad]] and [[Círdan]] flee to the Isle of Balar. [[Havens of Sirion]] constructed.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|481|n}} || [[Túrin]] becomes companion-in-arms to [[Beleg]] on the marches of Doriath.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|484|n}} || Death of [[Saeros]]. [[Túrin]] leaves [[Doriath]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|485|n}} || [[Túrin]] kills [[Forweg]] and becomes leader of the [[Gaurwaith]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|486|n}} || [[Túrin]] and the outlaws encounter [[Mîm]] and make their home on [[Amon Rûdh]] as the [[House of Ransom]].
|-
|| {{YS|487|n}} || [[Túrin]] lives as an outlaw on [[Amon Rûdh]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|488|n}} || [[Tuor]] enslaved.<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|489|n}} || [[Beleg]] joins [[Túrin]] on [[Amon Rûdh]]. [[Mîm]] betrays them to Orcs and Túrin is captured. Death of [[Beleg]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|490|n}} || [[Gwindor]] leads [[Túrin]] to [[Nargothrond]].<ref name=GA /> [[Túrin]] becomes captain of [[Nargothrond]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|491|n}} || [[Tuor]] escapes and becomes an outlaw. 
|-
|| {{YS|494|n}} || [[Morwen]] and [[Nienor]] flee to [[Doriath]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|495|n}} || Battle of the [[Crossings of the Taeglin]]. [[Battle of Tumhalad]]. [[Tuor]] comes to [[Nevrast]]. '''[[Sack of Nargothrond]] by [[Glaurung]].''' Deaths of [[Finduilas]], [[Orodreth]], [[Gwindor]], and [[Handir]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|496|n}} || [[Túrin]] comes to [[Brethil]]. '''[[Tuor]] comes to [[Gondolin]].''' [[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]] and [[Nienor]] leave [[Doriath]] seeking [[Túrin]]. Nienor loses her memory, is found by the [[Men of Brethil]], and given the name [[Níniel]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|497|n}} || [[Dior]] weds [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]].<ref name=VD>{{WJ|V}}: Stage D, p. 349</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|498|n}} || [[Túrin]] weds [[Níniel]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|499|n}} || '''[[Túrin]] slays [[Glaurung]].''' Deaths of [[Hunthor]], [[Nienor]], [[Brandir]], and [[Túrin]].<ref name=GA /> 
|-
|| {{YS|500|n}} || [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]] born.<ref name=VD /> Release of [[Húrin]].<ref>{{WJ|I}}, p. 257</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|501|n}} || '''[[Húrin]] comes to [[Brethil]].'''<ref>{{WJ|I}}, pp. 257-258</ref> Deaths of [[Morwen]], [[Hardang]], and [[Manthor]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|502|n}} || '''[[Tuor]] weds [[Idril]] in [[Gondolin]].<ref>{{WJ|V}}: Stage D 1, bracketed editorial note in entry for year 503, pp. 350-351</ref>''' [[Húrin]] gives the [[Nauglamír]] to [[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]. The [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] are commissioned to set the Silmaril into the Nauglamír. Deaths of [[Mîm]] and [[Húrin]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|503|n}} || '''Births of [[Eärendil]]<ref name=VD1>{{WJ|V}}: Stage D 1, pp. 350-351</ref> and [[Elwing]].<ref name=VD2>{{WJ|V}}: Stage D 2, pp. 351-352</ref>''' Melian returns to [[Valinor]]. The [[battle in the Thousand Caves]]. The [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]]. [[Lúthien]] wears the [[Silmaril]]. [[Dior]] and his family come to [[Menegroth]] and receives the [[Nauglamír]] and [[Silmaril]].<ref name=VD1 /> Deaths of [[Thingol]], [[Mablung]], '''[[Beren]], and [[Lúthien]].''' 
|-
|| {{YS|504|n}} || With the power of the [[Silmaril]], King [[Dior]] finally restores the former glory of [[Doriath]]. He now publicly wears the [[Nauglamír]] and the Silmaril.<ref name=VD2 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|505|n}} || The sons of Fëanor demand the Silmaril from Dior.<ref name=VD2 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|506|n}} || '''The [[Second Kinslaying]] at [[Menegroth]] and the Ruin of [[Doriath]].''' Deaths of [[Dior]], [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]], [[Celegorm]], [[Curufin]], and [[Caranthir]]. [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]] are abandoned in the wintry forest to die.<ref name=VD2 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|507|n}} || [[Elwing]] comes to the [[Havens of Sirion]] with the [[Silmaril]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|509|n}} || [[Maeglin]] is captured by [[Morgoth]] and reveals the location of [[Gondolin]] to him.<ref name=VD2 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|510|n}} || '''The [[Fall of Gondolin]].'''<ref name=VD2 /> Deaths of [[Turgon]], [[Ecthelion]], [[Glorfindel]], [[Maeglin]], and [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]. [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|511|n}} || [[Gondolin]] refugees arrive at the [[Havens of Sirion]].<ref name=VD2 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|512|n}} || [[Maedhros]] learns that a [[Silmaril]] is at the [[Havens of Sirion]], but forswears the [[Oath of Fëanor]].<ref name=VD2 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|525|n}} || [[Eärendil]] weds [[Elwing]]. [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] depart for [[Valinor]].<ref name=VD2 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|527|n}} || The remaining [[Sons of Fëanor]] – [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Amrod]], and [[Amras]] – begin to feel tormented by their [[Oath of Fëanor|unfulfilled oath]].<ref name=VD2 /> 
|-
|| {{YS|532|n}} || Births of [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]].<ref name=VC>{{WJ|V}}: Stage C, pp. 347-348</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|534|n}} || [[Eärendil]] searches for [[Valinor]].<ref name=VC /> 
|-
|| {{YS|538|n}} || '''[[Third Kinslaying]] at the [[Havens of Sirion]].'''<ref name=VC /> Deaths of [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]]. [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]] are taken captive by [[Maglor]]. [[Elwing]] escapes with the [[Silmaril]] into the [[Belegaer|Sea]]. [[Ulmo]] gives her the form of a white bird and she reunites with [[Eärendil]] aboard [[Vingilot]]. 
|-
|| {{YS|540|n}} || [[Morgoth]] controls all of [[Beleriand]].<ref>{{WJ|V}}: Stage A, p. 345</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|542|n}} || '''[[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]] come to [[Valinor]]<ref name=VC /> and rally a great host.''' 
|-
|| {{YS|545|n}} || The [[Host of Valinor]] lands in [[Beleriand]].<ref name=VB>{{WJ|V}}: Stage B, p. 346</ref> 
|-
|| {{YS|587|n}} || '''The Destruction of [[Beleriand]].''' Deaths of [[Ancalagon]] and [[Maedhros]]. Morgoth is captured.<ref name=VB /> 
|-
|| {{YS|590|n}} || '''[[Morgoth]] is thrust from [[Arda]].''' The [[Host of Valinor]] departs [[Middle-earth]],<ref name=VB /> with the exception of [[Eönwë]].<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> The choice of the [[Half-elven]].<ref>{{App|Numenor}}, pp. 1034-5</ref>
|}

{{references|notes}}
 
{{seq-start}}
{{seq| prev=[[Timeline/Years of the Trees|''Years of the Trees'' up to Y.T. 1050]]| list=First Age| dates={{YT|1050}} - {{YS|590}}| next=[[Timeline/Second Age|Second Age]]}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:First Age| ]]
[[Category:Timelines]]

Edhellond

2025-01-24T05:25:14Z

Mord: document CJRT's interpretation of UT passage

{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Edhellond
| image=John Howe - Edhellond.jpg
| caption="Edhellond" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Amroth's Haven<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref>
| location=Southern [[Gondor]], confluence of the [[Ringló]] and [[Morthond]] rivers
| type=Harbour
| description=A far southern haven of the [[Elves]]
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=Founded by [[Sindar]], later joined by many [[Silvan Elves]]
| created=Late [[First Age]]<ref name="Amroth" />
| destroyed=
| events=Loss of [[Amroth]]
}}
'''Edhellond''' was an ancient harbour in southern [[Gondor]]. It had been established south-west of where the [[Ringló]] entered the [[Morthond]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> near where the combined waters flowed into [[Cobas Haven]].<ref>{{WR|3|XIV}}, West, p. 434</ref>

==History==
Edhellond was founded in the late [[First Age]] by [[Falathrim|seafaring Sindar]]<ref group="note">They escaped from [[Brithombar]] or [[Eglarest]] (the [[Havens of the Falas]] on the west coast of [[Beleriand]]) when they were destroyed in the years after the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], but that whereas [[Círdan]] and [[Gil-galad]] made a refuge on the [[Isle of Balar]], these three ships' companies sailed far further south down the coasts, to [[Belfalas]].</ref> from the [[Havens of the Falas|west havens]] of [[Beleriand]] who fled in three small ships when the power of [[Morgoth]] overwhelmed the [[Eldar]] and the [[Edain]]; but it was later increased by adventurers of the [[Silvan Elves]] seeking for the sea who came down [[Anduin]].<ref name="Amroth">{{UT|Amroth}}</ref>

From Edhellond, Elves began sailing westward from the time of the [[Sack of Eregion|fall of Eregion]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref><ref name="Preface">{{ATB|Preface}}</ref>

Around {{TA|1980}}, with the freeing of [[Durin's Bane|the Balrog]] in [[Moria]], many of the [[Galadhrim]] fled south to Edhellond and sailed over the [[Sea]] to [[Valinor]]. [[Amroth]], [[King of Lórien]], was lost at sea near Edhellond in {{TA|1981|n}} when he attempted to swim to shore to seek his beloved [[Nimrodel]]. The ship from which he jumped overboard was the last ship of [[Elves]] to leave from Edhellond. The haven was deserted from then on,<ref name="Amroth" /> although it was remembered, as did other ancient Elvish dwellings, in the traditions of the [[Gondorians]] in [[Anfalas]] and [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name="Preface"/>

== Etymology ==
Edhellond means "Elf Haven" in [[Sindarin]], from ''[[edhel]]'' ("Elf") + ''[[lond]]'' ("harbour, haven").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''[[edhel]]'', ''[[londë]]''</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Another account, in an unfinished note on the origin of the name ''[[Belfalas]]'', states that the haven was established in the early [[Second Age]] by [[Elves of Lindon|Elves from Lindon]]. They were a remnant of the [[Iathrim|people of Doriath]] who still harboured a grudge against the [[Noldor]].<ref name="Amroth"/> They learned the craft of shipbuilding at the [[Grey Havens]] and then settled at the mouth of the [[Morthond]]; the fisherfolk of the primitive harbour fled in fear to the [[White Mountains]] upon the arrival of the [[Sindar]].<ref name="Amroth"/>

In ''[[Aldarion and Erendis]]'', Tolkien described [[Aldarion]]'s sea voyage of {{SA|735}}-[[Second Age 739|9]] as passing through the "county of Amroth where the Nandor Elves still dwell."<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref> [[Christopher Tolkien]] interpreted this to mean that the tale was recorded in Gondor before the last departure of Elves from Edhellond in T.A. 1980, not that the land bore the name of Amroth at the time of Aldarion's journey.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, note 6</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Edhellond.jpg|thumb|left|Edhellond in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Although Edhellond itself is abandoned, a small group of Elves, the "Avorrim" still live in nearby caves in secret, known only to the ruling line of [[Dol Amroth]]. They maintain a watch over Edhellond as, should the unthinkable happen and the access to the [[Grey Havens]] be lost, it would remain the only place in Middle-Earth from which the Elves could sail into the West. During the [[War of the Ring]] the [[Corsairs]] of [[Umbar]] who blockade Dol Amroth dock many of their ships in Edhellond, which becomes one of their staging areas.

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Edhellond]]
[[fi:Edhellond]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes tours et forteresses:gondor:edhellond]]

Half-trolls

2025-01-09T15:57:43Z

Mord: These are named

Snow-trolls

2025-01-09T14:55:25Z

Mord: Restore phrasing change

{{short description|Type of Troll}}

{{quote|He would go out by himself, clad in white, and stalk like a snow-troll into the camps of his enemies, and slay many men with his hands.|{{App|Eorl}}}}

'''Snow-troll''' was a term used to describe [[King of Rohan|King]] [[Helm]] of [[Rohan]] when he stalked into the camps of his enemies in {{TA|2759}} during the siege of the [[Hornburg|Suthburg]] in the [[Long Winter]].<ref name="appendix">{{App|Eorl}}, entry for King Helm, p. 1066</ref>

There is no other known reference to snow-trolls in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, so it cannot be known whether they ever truly existed within [[Arda]], even as folklore. The passage in which the term appears is noted as being an excerpt from one of the sources that comprise the [[Red Book of Westmarch|Shire records]],<ref>{{App|A}}, introduction</ref> though the significance of this is unclear.

If snow-trolls did exist, whether they were a sub-race of trolls or had any similarity to trolls can only be a matter for speculation.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Like [[half-trolls]], snow-trolls have been depicted in many adaptations.

===Snow-trolls in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco.jpg|A Hristorco in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco Concept Art.jpg|Hristorco concept art by [[John Howe]]<ref name=twitter>{{webcite|author=WizardWayKris|articleurl=https://mobile.twitter.com/WizardWayKris/status/1594774313613242368|articlename=BTS-E1: We get background on the Ice Troll. Just to review: 🌱 Hristorco! (Quenya) Hris-: "ice" Torco: adapted from Sindarin torog, "troll" The design by John Howe is spectacular. Bravo, concept & digital art department!|dated=21 November 2022|website=Twitter}}</ref> for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:SnowTroll.jpg| A Snow-troll in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth 2: The Rise of the Witch-king]].
</gallery>

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 1: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::While investigating a [[Dúrnost|fortress]] located within the [[Forodwaith]], [[Galadriel|Galadriel's company]] is ambushed by a stalking '''Hristorco''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] ''Snow-troll''),<ref group="note">''Hristorco'' is clearly meant to be [[Quenya]], a combination of the root [[SRIS|''SRIS'']] ("snow") and [[Neo-Quenya]] ''torco,'' adapted from [[Sindarin]] ''[[torog]]'' ("troll").</ref><ref name=twitter/><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-4151723885.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Primitive Elvish: SRIS|website=Eldamo}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2829717375.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Neo-Quenya : Torco|website=Eldamo}}</ref> a variation of [[Trolls]] that had long ago adapted to live within the harsh and cold climates of the northern realms that they call home.<ref>Amazon Prime's "X-Ray feature"</ref>

===Games===
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are large (10-12 ft tall), grey-white and rare creatures, who prey the [[Northern Waste|northern regions]] of Middle-earth. They turn into pillars of icy slag if exposed to the Sun.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|2025}}</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are a playable unit in the [[Angmar]] faction. They are one of the strongest units, not only in that faction, but in the game overall. They are equipped with pickaxes, helmets and small shields. Snow trolls can be used also in the ''Create-a-hero'' section.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'':'''
:A Snow-troll fought in the army of [[Skorgrím Dourhand]] during the [[Battle of Edhelion]]. He destroyed the city's gate and tried to kill [[Dorongúr Whitethorn]] and the player, but was slain himself by [[Elrond]] before he could complete his attempt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings Online]], Introduction, ''Instance: The Refuge of Edhelion''</ref> Other Snow-trolls are found in the [[Ered Luin]] region.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Snow-trolls are encountered on the slopes of Mount [[Gundabad]]. They are implied to be hostile, even to the various Orcs and Trolls gathering at the mountain.

'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''
:The Big Little Character Pack DLC includes a Snow-Troll as a playable character.

==External links==
*{{webcite|author=[[Michael Martinez]]|articleurl=https://middle-earth.xenite.org/why-does-the-sun-turn-some-trolls-to-stone|articlename=Why Does the Sun Turn Some Trolls to Stone?|dated=|website=xenite.org|accessed=}}
*{{webcite|author=A Tolkienist's Perspective|articleurl=https://atolkienistperspective.wordpress.com/2017/02/12/snow-trolls-and-stone-giants-in-middle-earth|articlename=Snow-Trolls and Stone-Giants in Middle-earth|dated=12 February 2017|website=wordpress.com|accessed=}}

{{references|notes}}

{{legend}}

[[Category:Trolls]]

Snow-trolls

2025-01-09T14:53:45Z

Mord: Undo revision 416799 by Akhorahil (talk)

{{short description|Type of Troll}}

{{quote|He would go out by himself, clad in white, and stalk like a snow-troll into the camps of his enemies, and slay many men with his hands.|{{App|Eorl}}}}

'''Snow-troll''' was a term used to describe [[King of Rohan|King]] [[Helm]] of [[Rohan]] when he stalked into the camps of his enemies during the siege of the [[Hornburg|Suthburg]] in {{TA|2759}} during the [[Long Winter]].<ref name="appendix">{{App|Eorl}}, p. 1066</ref>

There is no other known reference to snow-trolls in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, so it cannot be known whether they ever truly existed within [[Arda]], even as folklore. The passage in which the term appears is noted as being an excerpt from one of the sources that comprise the [[Red Book of Westmarch|Shire records]],<ref>{{App|A}}, introduction</ref> though the significance of this is unclear.

If snow-trolls did exist, whether they were a sub-race of trolls or had any similarity to trolls can only be a matter for speculation.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Like [[half-trolls]], snow-trolls have been depicted in many adaptations.

===Snow-trolls in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco.jpg|A Hristorco in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco Concept Art.jpg|Hristorco concept art by [[John Howe]]<ref name=twitter>{{webcite|author=WizardWayKris|articleurl=https://mobile.twitter.com/WizardWayKris/status/1594774313613242368|articlename=BTS-E1: We get background on the Ice Troll. Just to review: 🌱 Hristorco! (Quenya) Hris-: "ice" Torco: adapted from Sindarin torog, "troll" The design by John Howe is spectacular. Bravo, concept & digital art department!|dated=21 November 2022|website=Twitter}}</ref> for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:SnowTroll.jpg| A Snow-troll in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth 2: The Rise of the Witch-king]].
</gallery>

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 1: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::While investigating a [[Dúrnost|fortress]] located within the [[Forodwaith]], [[Galadriel|Galadriel's company]] is ambushed by a stalking '''Hristorco''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] ''Snow-troll''),<ref group="note">''Hristorco'' is clearly meant to be [[Quenya]], a combination of the root [[SRIS|''SRIS'']] ("snow") and [[Neo-Quenya]] ''torco,'' adapted from [[Sindarin]] ''[[torog]]'' ("troll").</ref><ref name=twitter/><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-4151723885.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Primitive Elvish: SRIS|website=Eldamo}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2829717375.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Neo-Quenya : Torco|website=Eldamo}}</ref> a variation of [[Trolls]] that had long ago adapted to live within the harsh and cold climates of the northern realms that they call home.<ref>Amazon Prime's "X-Ray feature"</ref>

===Games===
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are large (10-12 ft tall), grey-white and rare creatures, who prey the [[Northern Waste|northern regions]] of Middle-earth. They turn into pillars of icy slag if exposed to the Sun.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|2025}}</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are a playable unit in the [[Angmar]] faction. They are one of the strongest units, not only in that faction, but in the game overall. They are equipped with pickaxes, helmets and small shields. Snow trolls can be used also in the ''Create-a-hero'' section.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'':'''
:A Snow-troll fought in the army of [[Skorgrím Dourhand]] during the [[Battle of Edhelion]]. He destroyed the city's gate and tried to kill [[Dorongúr Whitethorn]] and the player, but was slain himself by [[Elrond]] before he could complete his attempt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings Online]], Introduction, ''Instance: The Refuge of Edhelion''</ref> Other Snow-trolls are found in the [[Ered Luin]] region.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Snow-trolls are encountered on the slopes of Mount [[Gundabad]]. They are implied to be hostile, even to the various Orcs and Trolls gathering at the mountain.

'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''
:The Big Little Character Pack DLC includes a Snow-Troll as a playable character.

==External links==
*{{webcite|author=[[Michael Martinez]]|articleurl=https://middle-earth.xenite.org/why-does-the-sun-turn-some-trolls-to-stone|articlename=Why Does the Sun Turn Some Trolls to Stone?|dated=|website=xenite.org|accessed=}}
*{{webcite|author=A Tolkienist's Perspective|articleurl=https://atolkienistperspective.wordpress.com/2017/02/12/snow-trolls-and-stone-giants-in-middle-earth|articlename=Snow-Trolls and Stone-Giants in Middle-earth|dated=12 February 2017|website=wordpress.com|accessed=}}

{{references|notes}}

{{legend}}

[[Category:Trolls]]

Two Watchers

2025-01-09T05:24:11Z

Mord:

{{disambig-two|the Watchers in Cirith Ungol|Watchers at [[Minas Morgul]]|[[Silent Watchers]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Spirits]]
| name=Two Watchers
| image=The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Two Watchers.jpg
| caption=The Two Watchers from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=Watchers (of Cirith Ungol)
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]
| affiliation=[[Sauron]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
| gallery=the Two Watchers
}}

The '''Two Watchers''' were two carved figures that guarded the arched gateway through the outer wall that led to the courtyard of the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]].

== Description ==
The Two Watchers were great two figures that were sitting on thrones on both sides of the gateway. Their figures were formed of three bodies with heads with the faces of vultures with eyes of black stone. One head looked outward, one head looked inward and the third head stared across the gateway itself. They were inhabited by "''some [[Spirits|dreadful spirit]] of evil vigilance''". Not a [[Seen|visible]] or [[Unseen|invisible]] creature was unnoticed by them. They had the power to identify enemies and to block them from entering or from exiting through the gate with the force of their will alone, and were able to send up a shrill alarm call if their guard was breached.<ref name=Tower>{{RK|Tower}}</ref>{{rp|902}}

== History ==
On [[14 March]] {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry 14 March 3019, p. 1093</ref> the Two Watchers blocked [[Sam]]'s initial attempt to pass through the gate. However, Sam was able to overcome the will of the Two Watchers with the help of the [[Phial of Galadriel]] and was able to pass through the gate into the court of the Tower of Cirith Ungol in a second attempt. When he passed the gate, the Two Watchers uttered a high shrill cry, which was answered by a single clang of a bell high up in The Tower of Cirith Ungol.<ref name=Tower/>{{rp|902–903}} After hearing the bell the orc [[Snaga (orc of Mordor)|Snaga]] said to the orc [[Shagrat]] that a great fighter, an Elf or a Man of Gondor ("[[tark]]") got past the Watchers, and that's ''tark'''s work.<ref name=Tower/>{{rp|906}} It is probable that he meant that the feat of getting past the Watchers was the work of a Man of Gondor.<ref name=Kirith>{{SD|Kirith}}</ref>{{rp|26}}

Later that day, in order to leave the Tower, Frodo and Sam held up again the Phial while invoking [[Eärendil]] and [[Elbereth]], which broke the will of the Two Watchers so that they were able to pass through the gate to the outside. The keystone of the arch and the wall above the gate crumbled into ruin after they passed, but the Two Watchers uttered a high and dreadful wail.<ref name=Tower/>{{rp|915}}

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
[[Christopher Tolkien]] treats it like a fact that "tark's work" is the getting past the Watchers. Earlier manuscripts of what would later become the chapter The Tower of Cirith Ungol have the orc saying "that's Elvish work" or "that's wizard's work" and the latter has him assuming that the great fighter may be one of those filthy wizards.<ref name=Kirith/>{{rp|26}}

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:[[Samwise Gamgee]] encounters the Watchers while attempting to enter the tower to rescue [[Frodo Baggins]]. He sets off the alarm, but gets by them by using the [[Phial of Galadriel]]. When he and Frodo encounter them once again when trying to leave the tower, they put up more of a resistance to the Phial, but give in when Frodo helps Sam use it.

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:The Two Watchers that guard the Tower of Cirith Ungol are referred to as the Silent Watchers. They are described to be a type of Pûkel-creatures, animated stone monsters that are magically instilled with enchanted spirits, that were produced by Sauron.<ref>{{ICE|2012}}, pp. 121-2</ref> The Watchers-in-Stone of Moria are enchanted statues, inhabited by magical Spirits said to resemble the "''spell-sewn Power that inhabits the 'Two Watchers'''".<ref>{{ICE|2011}}</ref>

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:The Watchers are seen in the film, but never come into play, nor are they ever even acknowledged.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]'':'''
:The Watchers appear during the opening cutscene of the "Cirith Ungol" level, where their eyes glow red when Sam tries to enter the tower, and briefly obstruct him with an invisible wall.

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Watching Stones resemble common statues, but "''hold the trapped spirit of malice within''". These vigilant statues were created by Sauron and many guard the lands of Angmar.<ref>[http://lotrovault.ign.com/View.php?view=Bestiary.Detail&id=8 Bestiary: Watching Stone] at [http://lotrovault.ign.com/ The Lord of the Rings Online Vault] (accessed 5 March 2011)</ref>

==External links==
*{{webcite|author=Mark Fisher|articleurl=https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/twowatchers.php|articlename=Two Watchers|website=The Encyclopedia of Arda|accessed=17 May 2022}}
*{{webcite|author=Michael Martinez|articleurl=https://middle-earth.xenite.org/what-are-the-silent-watchers-of-mordor/|articlename=What Are the Silent Watchers of Mordor?|website=middle-earth.xenite.org|accessed=17 May 2022}}
{{references}}

[[Category:Buildings]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:Mordor]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[Category:Spirits]]
[[de:Zwei Wächter]]
[[fi:Vartijat (Cirith Ungol)]]

Two Watchers

2025-01-09T05:23:22Z

Mord: removed needless speculation & moved external source links to appropriate section

{{disambig-two|the Watchers in Cirith Ungol|Watchers at [[Minas Morgul]]|[[Silent Watchers]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Spirits]]
| name=Two Watchers
| image=The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Two Watchers.jpg
| caption=The Two Watchers from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=Watchers (of Cirith Ungol)
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]
| affiliation=[[Sauron]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
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| gallery=the Two Watchers
}}

The '''Two Watchers''' were two carved figures that guarded the arched gateway through the outer wall that led to the courtyard of the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]].

== Description ==
The Two Watchers were great two figures that were sitting on thrones on both sides of the gateway. Their figures were formed of three bodies with heads with the faces of vultures with eyes of black stone. One head looked outward, one head looked inward and the third head stared across the gateway itself. They were inhabited by "''some [[Spirits|dreadful spirit]] of evil vigilance''". Not a [[Seen|visible]] or [[Unseen|invisible]] creature was unnoticed by them. They had the power to identify enemies and to block them from entering or from exiting through the gate with the force of their will alone, and were able to send up a shrill alarm call if their guard was breached.<ref name=Tower>{{RK|Tower}}</ref>{{rp|902}}

== History ==
On [[14 March]] {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry 14 March 3019, p. 1093</ref> the Two Watchers blocked [[Sam]]'s initial attempt to pass through the gate. However, Sam was able to overcome the will of the Two Watchers with the help of the [[Phial of Galadriel]] and was able to pass through the gate into the court of the Tower of Cirith Ungol in a second attempt. When he passed the gate, the Two Watchers uttered a high shrill cry, which was answered by a single clang of a bell high up in The Tower of Cirith Ungol.<ref name=Tower/>{{rp|902–903}} After hearing the bell the orc [[Snaga (orc of Mordor)|Snaga]] said to the orc [[Shagrat]] that a great fighter, an Elf or a Man of Gondor ("[[tark]]") got past the Watchers, and that's ''tark'''s work.<ref name=Tower/>{{rp|906}} It is probable that he meant that the feat of getting past the Watchers was the work of a Man of Gondor.<ref name=Kirith>{{SD|Kirith}}</ref>{{rp|26}}

Later that day, in order to leave the Tower, Frodo and Sam held up again the Phial while invoking [[Eärendil]] and [[Elbereth]], which broke the will of the Two Watchers so that they were able to pass through the gate to the outside. The keystone of the arch and the wall above the gate crumbled into ruin after they passed, but the Two Watchers uttered a high and dreadful wail.<ref name=Tower/>{{rp|915}}

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
[[Christopher Tolkien]] treats it like a fact that "tark's work" is the getting past the Watchers. Earlier manuscripts of what would later become the chapter The Tower of Cirith Ungol have the orc saying "that's Elvish work" or "that's wizard's work" and the latter has him assuming that the great fighter may be one of those filthy wizards.<ref name=Kirith/>{{rp|26}}

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:[[Samwise Gamgee]] encounters the Watchers while attempting to enter the tower to rescue [[Frodo Baggins]]. He sets off the alarm, but gets by them by using the [[Phial of Galadriel]]. When he and Frodo encounter them once again when trying to leave the tower, they put up more of a resistance to the Phial, but give in when Frodo helps Sam use it.

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:The Two Watchers that guard the Tower of Cirith Ungol are referred to as the Silent Watchers. They are described to be a type of Pûkel-creatures, animated stone monsters that are magically instilled with enchanted spirits, that were produced by Sauron.<ref>{{ICE|2012}}, pp. 121-2</ref> The Watchers-in-Stone of Moria are enchanted statues, inhabited by magical Spirits said to resemble the "''spell-sewn Power that inhabits the 'Two Watchers'''".<ref>{{ICE|2011}}</ref>

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:The Watchers are seen in the film, but never come into play, nor are they ever even acknowledged.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]'':'''
:The Watchers appear during the opening cutscene of the "Cirith Ungol" level, where their eyes glow red when Sam tries to enter the tower, and briefly obstruct him with an invisible wall.

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Watching Stones resemble common statues, but "''hold the trapped spirit of malice within''". These vigilant statues were created by Sauron and many guard the lands of Angmar.<ref>[http://lotrovault.ign.com/View.php?view=Bestiary.Detail&id=8 Bestiary: Watching Stone] at [http://lotrovault.ign.com/ The Lord of the Rings Online Vault] (accessed 5 March 2011)</ref>

==External links==
*{{webcite|author=Mark Fisher|articleurl=https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/twowatchers.php|articlename=Two Watchers|website=The Encyclopedia of Arda|accessed=17 May 2022}}
*{{webcite|author=Michael Martinez|articleurl=https://middle-earth.xenite.org/what-are-the-silent-watchers-of-mordor/|articlename=What Are the Silent Watchers of Mordor?|website=middle-earth.xenite.org|accessed=17 May 2022}}

{{references|notes}}

[[Category:Buildings]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:Mordor]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[Category:Spirits]]
[[de:Zwei Wächter]]
[[fi:Vartijat (Cirith Ungol)]]

Template:Webcite

2025-01-09T05:15:37Z

Mord: space

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===Default Websites===
You can put these in the "website" field and the name and URL will be automatically filled in:-

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*'''IMDB''' = [https://www.imdb.com/ IMDb.com]
*'''Independent''' = [http://www.independent.co.uk/ The Independent]
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*'''Lambe''' = [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/ Lambengolmor mailing list]
*'''LOTRO''' = [http://www.lotro.com ''The Lord of the Rings Online'']
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[[Category:Citation templates]]</noinclude>

Snow-trolls

2025-01-09T03:56:58Z

Mord: external links

{{short description|Type of Troll}}

{{quote|He would go out by himself, clad in white, and stalk like a snow-troll into the camps of his enemies, and slay many men with his hands.|{{App|Eorl}}}}

'''Snow-troll''' was a term used to describe [[King of Rohan|King]] [[Helm]] of [[Rohan]] when he stalked into the camps of his enemies during the siege of the [[Hornburg|Suthburg]] in {{TA|2759}} during the [[Long Winter]].<ref name="appendix">{{App|Eorl}}, p. 1066</ref>

There is no other known reference to snow-trolls in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, so it cannot be known whether they ever truly existed within [[Arda]], even as folklore. The passage in which the term appears is noted as being an excerpt from one of the sources that comprise the [[Red Book of Westmarch|Shire records]],<ref>{{App|A}}, introduction</ref> though the significance of this is unclear.

If snow-trolls did exist, whether they were a sub-race of trolls or had any similarity to trolls can only be a matter for speculation.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Like [[half-trolls]], snow-trolls have been depicted in many adaptations.

===Snow-trolls in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco.jpg|A Hristorco in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco Concept Art.jpg|Hristorco concept art by [[John Howe]]<ref name=twitter>{{webcite|author=WizardWayKris|articleurl=https://mobile.twitter.com/WizardWayKris/status/1594774313613242368|articlename=BTS-E1: We get background on the Ice Troll. Just to review: 🌱 Hristorco! (Quenya) Hris-: "ice" Torco: adapted from Sindarin torog, "troll" The design by John Howe is spectacular. Bravo, concept & digital art department!|dated=21 November 2022|website=Twitter}}</ref> for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:SnowTroll.jpg| A Snow-troll in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth 2: The Rise of the Witch-king]].
</gallery>

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 1: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::While investigating a [[Dúrnost|fortress]] located within the [[Forodwaith]], [[Galadriel|Galadriel's company]] is ambushed by a stalking '''Hristorco''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] ''Snow-troll''),<ref group="note">''Hristorco'' is clearly meant to be [[Quenya]], a combination of the root [[SRIS|''SRIS'']] ("snow") and [[Neo-Quenya]] ''torco,'' adapted from [[Sindarin]] ''[[torog]]'' ("troll").</ref><ref name=twitter/><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-4151723885.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Primitive Elvish: SRIS|website=Eldamo}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2829717375.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Neo-Quenya : Torco|website=Eldamo}}</ref> a variation of [[Trolls]] that had long ago adapted to live within the harsh and cold climates of the northern realms that they call home.<ref>Amazon Prime's "X-Ray feature"</ref>

===Games===
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are large (10-12 ft tall), grey-white and rare creatures, who prey the [[Northern Waste|northern regions]] of Middle-earth. They turn into pillars of icy slag if exposed to the Sun.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|2025}}</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are a playable unit in the [[Angmar]] faction. They are one of the strongest units, not only in that faction, but in the game overall. They are equipped with pickaxes, helmets and small shields. Snow trolls can be used also in the ''Create-a-hero'' section.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'':'''
:A Snow-troll fought in the army of [[Skorgrím Dourhand]] during the [[Battle of Edhelion]]. He destroyed the city's gate and tried to kill [[Dorongúr Whitethorn]] and the player, but was slain himself by [[Elrond]] before he could complete his attempt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings Online]], Introduction, ''Instance: The Refuge of Edhelion''</ref> Other Snow-trolls are found in the [[Ered Luin]] region.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Snow-trolls are encountered on the slopes of Mount [[Gundabad]]. They are implied to be hostile, even to the various Orcs and Trolls gathering at the mountain.

'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''
:The Big Little Character Pack DLC includes a Snow-Troll as a playable character.

==External links==
*Michael Martinez, ''[https://middle-earth.xenite.org/why-does-the-sun-turn-some-trolls-to-stone Why Does the Sun Turn Some Trolls to Stone?]''
*''A Tolkienist's Perspective'', ''[https://atolkienistperspective.wordpress.com/2017/02/12/snow-trolls-and-stone-giants-in-middle-earth Snow-Trolls and Stone-Giants in Middle-earth]''

{{references|notes}}

{{legend}}

[[Category:Trolls]]

Long Winter

2025-01-09T03:33:01Z

Mord: /* Rohan */ grammar

{{events
| image = R. Ward Shipman - Long Winter.jpg
| event=Long Winter
| othernames=
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Dunland]], [[Rohan]]
| date=[[November]] {{TA|2758}} to [[March]] {{TA|2759|n}}
| result=Thousands of lives lost in Rohan and [[The Shire]]
| partof=
| participants=[[Hobbits]], [[Dunlendings]], [[Rohirrim]]
| description=Long, cold winter; Rohan covered in snow for five months
}}
The '''Long Winter''' (November {{TA|2758}} to March {{TA|2759|n}}<ref name="Eorl">{{App|Eorl}}</ref>) was an extremely cold and long-lasting winter in [[Middle-earth]], covering [[Eriador]], [[Dunland]] and [[Rohan]].

The Winter came as cold and great snows from the north and the [[East]]. It lasted for 5 months. There was misery and death in [[Eriador]] and [[Rohan]] but it affected less the region of [[Gondor]] south of the [[White Mountains]].<ref name="Steward" />

==History==
In {{TA|2758}}, [[Easterlings]] and [[Dunlendings]] (led by [[Wulf]]) attacked [[Rohan]] from both the north-west and east. Meanwhile, three great and long-prepared fleets of [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] and [[Haradrim]] began to assail the coasts of Gondor as far north as the [[Isen|River Isen]], and some of them sailed up to Isen and [[Lefnui]] into Rohan and strengthened the Dunlendings. Because of the multiple problems, the two kingdoms were unable to help each other.<ref name="Steward">{{App|Stewards}}</ref>
===Rohan===
The [[Rohirrim]] were defeated by the invasion of the Dunlendings; [[Kings of Rohan|King]] [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]]'s son, [[Haleth (son of Helm)|Haleth]], was killed; and Wulf sat in [[Meduseld]] declaring himself King.<ref name="Eorl" />

The Long Winter compounded the problems: Rohan was under snow for five months with both the Rohirrim and their enemies suffering grievously from famine. Meanwhile, King Helm took refuge in the [[Hornburg]] and the ravine behind (becoming known as [[Helm's Deep]]); at [[Yule]] a great counsel was held, and, against the King's advice, [[Háma (son of Helm)|Háma]], Helm's younger son, went out in a sortie and was lost in the snow. King Helm himself would always blow his great horn, striking fear into the hearts of his enemies, and discreetly go out to enemy camps to slay enemies with his bare hands. During one such sortie he died, but remained standing upright.<ref name="Eorl" />

After the winter, the melted snow caused great floods with the [[Entwash]] becoming a vast fen. Rohan recovered very slowly.

===Gondor===
Although the Long Winter did not affect [[Gondor]] directly, it did have an indirect effect: in {{TA|2758}}, three fleets of [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] and [[Haradrim]] began to assail the coasts of Gondor as far north as the [[Isen|River Isen]];<ref name="Steward">{{App|Stewards}}</ref> due to the dual perils of the Long Winter and the war with the Dunlendings, the [[Rohirrim]] were unable to send help.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 205</ref>

===The Shire===
The Long Winter resulted in the deaths of many thousands of [[Hobbits]] in [[The Shire]].<ref name="Prologue">{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> Although the [[Wizards|wizard]] [[Gandalf]] came to the aid of the Hobbits,<ref name="B">{{App|B2}}</ref> a dreadful famine followed the Long Winter, known as the [[Days of Dearth]], which lasted into {{TA|2760}}.

The Long Winter had a more indirect effect on the history of The Shire and [[Middle-earth]]: it was during the Long Winter that Gandalf first became fond of [[Hobbits]] and their affairs, which indirectly led to Gandalf's selection of [[Bilbo Baggins]] to go on the [[Quest of Erebor]]:
{{quote|And then there was the Shire-folk. I began to have a warm place in my heart for them in the Long Winter, which none of you can remember. They were very hard put to it then: one of the worst pinches they have been in, dying of cold, and starving in the dreadful dearth that followed. But that was the time to see their courage, and their pity one for another. It was by their pity as much as their tough uncomplaining courage that they survived. I wanted them to survive. [...] And anyway you must begin at some point, with some on person. I dare say he was "chosen" and I was only chosen to choose him; but I picked out Bilbo.|[[Gandalf]] speaking to [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]<ref name="UT">{{UT|Erebor}}</ref><ref name="Annotated Hobbit">{{HM|AH}}, "Appendix A. The Quest of Erebor", p. 370</ref>}}

==Aftermath==
Before the spring, [[Beregond (Steward of Gondor)|Beregond]] had defeated the Corsair invaders of Gondor and afforded to send help to Rohan.<ref name="Steward" /> Come March {{TA|2759}}, the Long Winter ended and [[Fréaláf|Fréaláf Hildeson]], Helm's sister-son, came from [[Dunharrow]] and took back [[Edoras]], catching the Dunlendings unaware and killing [[Wulf]]; the Dunlendings and Easterlings were driven out of Rohan (including [[Isengard]]).

Gondor began to recover to its former power, but it wasn't so easy for Rohan. In {{TA|2758}}, the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward]], [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]] gave the keys to [[Orthanc]] to the [[Wizards|wizard]] [[Saruman]], hoping that he would help the Rohirrim.<ref name="Steward">{{App|Stewards}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]] ({{TA|2911}}-{{TA|2912|n}})
*[[Great Plague]] ({{TA|1636}})
*[[Fell Winter (First Age)|Fell Winter]] ({{FA|495}}-{{FA|496|n}})

{{references}}

[[Category:Periods]]
[[Category:History of the Shire]]

{{seq-start}}
{{seq
| prev=[[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]]
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]
| dates={{TA|2758}} - {{TA|2759}}
| next=[[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[de:Langer Winter]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/3a/long hiver]]
[[fi:Ikitalvi]]

The Complete Tolkien Companion

2025-01-09T02:00:12Z

Mord: Grammar and syntax

{{book
| title=The Tolkien Companion| image = tolkien_companion.jpg
| author=[[J.E.A. Tyler]]
| isbn=517146487
| publisher=Gramercy
| date=[[1976]]
| format=Hardcover; paperback
| pages= 544
}}
'''The Tolkien Companion''' is a reference book by [[J.E.A. Tyler]], first published in [[1976]]. As it was published before ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', this first edition contained numerous errors that were partly corrected in later editions.

It was revised and enlarged in [[1979]], published as '''The New Tolkien Companion''', incorporating information from ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', and again in [[2002]] as '''The Complete Tolkien Companion''', incorporating also selected information from ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''. In [[2000]], a reprint of the first edition was released under the original title. Newer editions were released in [[2012]] and in September [[2022]].

Unlike [[Robert Foster]]'s ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', this book does not provide references to its entries.

==From the Publisher==
{{blockquote|
Between [[1932]] and [[1953]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Professor John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]], of [[Oxford]], England, translated four volumes compiled by the renowned [[Hobbits]] [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and [[Frodo Baggins]], written during the [[Third Age]] of [[Middle-earth|Middle Earth]] ''(sic)'', far longer ago than the [[Celtic]], Germanic and Icelandic manuscripts Professor Tolkien was used to deciphering. The result was ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and readers have never been the same since.

In [[1954]], seventeen years after The Hobbit first appeared, its sequel, ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' was published, and it became the centerpiece of Tolkien's work. The Ring Epic covers approximately ten thousand years, and contains a vast amount of information as well as a huge variety of words and names which Tolkien translated from the [[Elvish]] and [[Mannish]] tongues. ''The Tolkien Companion'' is an impressive endeavor to guide one through the world of Middle Earth ''(sic)'', compiling every fact, name, word, and date from all the works into one comprehensive and accessible volume.

Here, in one source, is the High History of the Elven peoples. The origins of [[Morgoth]] the Enemy is clarified, as is his Fall, and the subsequent rise to power of [[Sauron]] the Great, Lord of the Rings. The heroic epic of how the [[Free peoples]] -- [[Elves]], [[Men]], [[Ents]], [[Dwarves]], and [[Hobbits]]—survived against the Peril of the Ancient World is meticulously detailed. And a guide to the various Elvish writing systems, together with explanatory maps, charts, even genealogical tables, bring the remarkable genius of Tolkien and the unforgettable world and wonder of Middle Earth to life with focus and accuracy. Presented in alphabetical order for quick and easy reference, ''The Tolkien Companion'' is an indispensable accompaniment for anyone who embarks on the reading journey of a lifetime.}}

==Publishers==
In the United Kingdom the various editions were first published by Pan Books, and in the United States by St. Martin's Press (with the ''Complete'' Companion under St. Martin's "Thomas Dunne Books" imprint).
The first St. Martin's edition was published without indicating an ISBN, the ''New'' with ISBN 0-312-57066-X, and the ''Complete'' with ISBN 0-312-31545-7.
Despite being issued after,and its Foreword citing, the entire ''History of Middle-Earth'' series, the early printings at least of the Thomas Dunne Books ''Complete Tolkien Companion'' have only a 1976 copyright date.

{{title|italic}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien Companion}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Reference books]]

Snow-trolls

2025-01-09T01:24:53Z

Mord: Hope this settles it

{{short description|Type of Troll}}

{{quote|He would go out by himself, clad in white, and stalk like a snow-troll into the camps of his enemies, and slay many men with his hands.|{{App|Eorl}}}}

'''Snow-troll''' was a term used to describe the appearance of [[King of Rohan|King]] [[Helm]] of [[Rohan]] when he stalked into the camps of his enemies during the siege of the [[Hornburg|Suthburg]] in the [[Long Winter]] that lasted from November {{TA|2758}} until {{TA|2759|n}}.<ref name="appendix">{{App|Eorl}}, p. 1066</ref>

There is no other known reference to snow-trolls in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, so it cannot be known whether they ever truly existed within [[Arda]], even as folklore. The passage in which the term appears is noted as a "direct excerpt"<ref>{{App|A}}, introduction</ref> from one of the sources that comprise the [[Red Book of Westmarch|Shire records]], though the significance of this is unclear.

If snow-trolls did exist, whether they were a sub-race of trolls or had any similarity to trolls can only be a matter for speculation.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Like [[half-trolls]], snow-trolls have been depicted in many adaptations.

===Snow-trolls in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco.jpg|A Hristorco in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco Concept Art.jpg|Hristorco concept art by [[John Howe]]<ref name=twitter>{{webcite|author=WizardWayKris|articleurl=https://mobile.twitter.com/WizardWayKris/status/1594774313613242368|articlename=BTS-E1: We get background on the Ice Troll. Just to review: 🌱 Hristorco! (Quenya) Hris-: "ice" Torco: adapted from Sindarin torog, "troll" The design by John Howe is spectacular. Bravo, concept & digital art department!|dated=21 November 2022|website=Twitter}}</ref> for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:SnowTroll.jpg| A Snow-troll in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth 2: The Rise of the Witch-king]].
</gallery>

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 1: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::While investigating a [[Dúrnost|fortress]] located within the [[Forodwaith]], [[Galadriel|Galadriel's company]] is ambushed by a stalking '''Hristorco''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] ''Snow-troll''),<ref group="note">''Hristorco'' is clearly meant to be [[Quenya]], a combination of the root [[SRIS|''SRIS'']] ("snow") and [[Neo-Quenya]] ''torco,'' adapted from [[Sindarin]] ''[[torog]]'' ("troll").</ref><ref name=twitter/><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-4151723885.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Primitive Elvish: SRIS|website=Eldamo}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2829717375.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Neo-Quenya : Torco|website=Eldamo}}</ref> a variation of [[Trolls]] that had long ago adapted to live within the harsh and cold climates of the northern realms that they call home.<ref>Amazon Prime's "X-Ray feature"</ref>

===Games===
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are large (10-12 ft tall), grey-white and rare creatures, who prey the [[Northern Waste|northern regions]] of Middle-earth. They turn into pillars of icy slag if exposed to the Sun.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|2025}}</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are a playable unit in the [[Angmar]] faction. They are one of the strongest units, not only in that faction, but in the game overall. They are equipped with pickaxes, helmets and small shields. Snow trolls can be used also in the ''Create-a-hero'' section.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'':'''
:A Snow-troll fought in the army of [[Skorgrím Dourhand]] during the [[Battle of Edhelion]]. He destroyed the city's gate and tried to kill [[Dorongúr Whitethorn]] and the player, but was slain himself by [[Elrond]] before he could complete his attempt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings Online]], Introduction, ''Instance: The Refuge of Edhelion''</ref> Other Snow-trolls are found in the [[Ered Luin]] region.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Snow-trolls are encountered on the slopes of Mount [[Gundabad]]. They are implied to be hostile, even to the various Orcs and Trolls gathering at the mountain.

'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''
:The Big Little Character Pack DLC includes a Snow-Troll as a playable character.

{{references|notes}}

{{legend}}

[[Category:Trolls]]

Forums:TG License - GFDL to CC-by-SA

2024-11-30T16:38:35Z

Mord: In favor

{{Counciltop}}


Hi everyone, I wanted to discuss the copyright license we release our content under, currently the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License GNU Free Documentation License].

This license was chosen, because at the time it was what Wikipedia licensed their content under. Wikipedia has since migrated to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share-alike Creative Commons Share-alike license].

GFDL is actually intended for software documentation, and CC-by-SA is a much more realistic "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft copyleft]" license for content platforms such as wiki's. Below is a comparison between the two copyright licenses:
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Comparison_of_GFDL_and_CC_BY-SA Comparison of GFDL and CC-by-SA]

There would not be any expectation of change to TG, this change is just to continue our alignment with Wikipedia and similar platforms.

If you have any questions or feedback feel free to chime in below. We'll see what the consensus is at the end of the year and if this sounds okay to everyone, we'll make the new license effective January 1st, 2025. Thanks! --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 08:48, 30 November 2024 (UTC)

:----------

:I'm not very familiar with GDFL, but a big make-it-or-break it thing for me is them both being share-alike, which they are. I didn't think the Wikipedia comparison is comprehensive enough, so I looked up two points:

:*Attribution: GDFL doesn't supply a mechanism for the author to be attributed. so in theory, an image or an article can be perpetually distributed across various channels without anyone ever attributing its creator. The BY in CC-BY-SA ensures that the article is continuously attributed with a tag (eg: Attribution: Tolkien Gateway) so everyone knows where it came from.

:*Derivatives: a CC license allows for a work modifying the original material to "break out" of the license if the modifications are transformative enough, GDFL does not. That means that if someone builds a one hundred-word article around ten words taken from TG, they should be able to release it under whatever other license they wish, they did most of the work in that hundred-word article (though they would still need to attribute the original article's creator). A less-obvious benefit of this is that if someone modifies the meaning of those original ten words (in a negative way, for example), they will have to specify that this is a modification done by them on a TG-original article - so it would be clear that TG did not perform (or agrees with) that modification.

:These are both good things in my opinion, they not only allow the free distribution of knowledge but also ensure that the work done by TG and its editors is recognized as such, while work that changes the meaning of the original material is disassociated. Not having to attach the GDFL license text to everything is the icing on the cake. ✽ [[User:Ayapo|Ayapo]] ([[User talk:Ayapo|talk]]) 15:12, 30 November 2024 (UTC)

:----------

:: Sounds good to me. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 16:38, 30 November 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Dale (Kingdom)

2024-11-16T03:59:12Z

Mord: Agree with merge

==Merge?==

Should this page and the other Dale page be merged? I feel like it'll serve a better purpose as being 1 page with all the information in one page. Besides, the location is always refeered to as being just "Dale" and never the "Kingdom of Dale". The only difference is that earlier they were ruled by the "Lord of Dale" and later the "King of Dale". What do y'all think?--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 18:05, 10 June 2020 (UTC)

:I have to admit I am inclined to agree. --{{User:Mith/sig}}

::That's good. I'll get right to it.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 19:48, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

:::Well, let's see if anyone else has a contrary opinion first. There's no rush. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:56, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

::::Oh damn, I already did it. If you wanna undo it go ahead. My bad. Only saw this after.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 21:23, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

:::::The way I see it, I don't think it should be merged because both articles have different purposes as it says in the disambiguation on the top one talks about the city and one talks about the political entity. I see it like Venice and Republic of Venice if that makes sense. [[User:Gaetano|Gaetano]] 00:46, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

::::::Right...but the thing is, it never existed as a kingdom; its rulers merely ruled over one political entity with two different titles. Besides, the histories of both articles were anyways identical. It is reduntant to keep both. All the political history is anyways included on that article. Also, the cultural history should be in the article for the "Men of Dale". Just a thought.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 03:44, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

:::::::If the entities are different, I would support two different articles, but cleaned up so that they don't repeat the same information. But I always thought that the post-Bard Dale was a kingdom that included a wider area (including the town proper) ruled by a King, not a Lord. PS. I agree that the culture section belongs to the Men of Dale article. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 09:55, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

::::::::The article already acknowledges that it didn't exist as a kingdom in the time of Girion, it refers it as township. I also agree with your last point. [[User:Gaetano|Gaetano]] 13:28, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

:::::::::Would a move to the page "Dale (Kingdom)" solve this problem without having to merge the two pages together? Also, due to the limited information on the "King of Dale" page, would it be suitable to merge the info to this page? Thoughts on this?--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 13:04, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

::::::::::I support renaming it to "Dale (Kingdom)" but merging the King of Dale info to this page is redundant considering it is a title used for more than one person. The renaming would solve both problems.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] 17:18, 8 May 2021 (UTC)

:::::::::::I don't think that they should be merged as [[Dale]] is referred to here only the town but the [[Kingdom of Dale]] extended far south and east of [[Lake-town]], all the way to the River [[Carnen]].--Shivam 08:18, 10 May 2021 (UTC)

(reset indentation)

I agree that the Dale page and the Dale (Kingdom) page should be merged so that only a page called Dale remains. In my opinion, there is no extra value in having a separate Dale (Kingdom) page, because the content of both pages will be virtually identical. The only information about the realm of Dale we have that does not cover the town or the area of the later town is that the realm of Dale extended south and east of Lake-town at the end of the Third Age at the time of King Brand and that the enemies that threatened the borders later crossed the Carnen and drove back the forces of Dale. By the way, it is not known if the eastern border of the realm of Dale was the river Carnen.--[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 09:12, 15 November 2024 (UTC)
:I also think that the two pages should be merged into one.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2024 (UTC)
::To copy/paste my comment from Discord:
::"I fail to see much reason why 'Dale' and 'Kingdom of Dale' should be separate articles. Best reason I can think of is that 'Dale' should only refer to the city, while 'Kingdom of Dale' should refer to Dale in the broader sense of a wider region (think 'Venice the city' vs 'Venice the republic').
::Even so, for practical reasons I'm 100% for the merge." [[User:IvarTheBoneless|IvarTheBoneless]] ([[User talk:IvarTheBoneless|talk]]) 16:32, 15 November 2024 (UTC)
:::Tolkien never used the term “Kingdom of Dale”. He only ever used the term “Dale” to in reference to both the town and the realm. Tolkien uses the term “Dale” for both even in earlier drafts of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. It is only in early drafts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' where the term "Ruins of Dale Town" appears in reference to the town. But it is pretty clear that this term was sadly abandoned by Tolkien since he never used it again.
:::In the fourth section of the [[Prologue (The Lord of the Rings)|Prologue]], there is the following curious line:
:::{{quote|With them he set out, to his own lasting astonishment, on a morning of April, it being then the year 1341 Shire-reckoning, on a quest of great treasure, the dwarf-hoards of the Kings under the Mountain, beneath Erebor in Dale, far off in the East|Of the Finding of the Ring}}
:::From this, it is implied either that the term “Dale” also was used for the general region or that the realm existed in some insignificant form before Smaug attacked. Otherwise, how could Erebor be in Dale when the town and realm are said in the index entry for "Dale" in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' to lie around it? Regardless of the case, I still believe that the two pages should be merged into one page covering the town, the realm, and the region.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 18:49, 15 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I also agree the pages should be merged. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 03:59, 16 November 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Dale

2024-11-16T03:55:56Z

Mord: Agree with merge proposal

When the three Hobbit movies have come out the "Portrayal in Adaptations" will need to be updated. --[[User:Gamling|Gamling]] 22:50, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

I would like this to be used as featured article any suggestions on what to do to article to help it conform to a higher standards
[[User:Neumanjames 2010|Throrin Longbeard]] 11:01, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

:This isn't really the place to discuss this, but I think Portrayal in Adaptations and Etymology sections need sources. I think the History section could be better fleshed out (and sub-divided). Could be a bit of a better mention of the peoples and rulers, as well. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 15:02, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

==Merge?==

Should the two articles for Dale be merged?--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 19:38, 2 May 2020 (UTC)

:I agree that the Dale page and the Dale (Kingdom) page should be merged so that only a page called Dale remains. In my opinion, there is no extra value in having a separate Dale (Kingdom) page, because the content of both pages will be virtually identical. The only information about the realm of Dale we have that does not cover the town or the area of the later town is that the realm of Dale extended south and east of Lake-town at the end of the Third Age at the time of King Brand and that the enemies that threatened the borders later crossed the Carnen and drove back the forces of Dale. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 09:10, 15 November 2024 (UTC)
::I also think that the two pages should be merged into one.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 11:23, 15 November 2024 (UTC)
:::I agree with merging them as well. [[User:MOONBOLT|MOONBOLT]] ([[User talk:MOONBOLT|talk]]) 21:13, 15 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I also agree. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 03:55, 16 November 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Fraud of the Rings

2024-11-10T16:48:12Z

Mord: Reasoning

== Displaying comics ==

I'm planning on listing all (close to 100) the comics in the Fraud of the Rings series but I'm having difficulty deciding on the best way to do so. We could either simply list them all vertically like the [[Comics]] page is at present, though it is not necessarily the best. Or we could use the <nowiki><gallery></gallery></nowiki> tags but this makes the images so small, you have to click on them to read the comic. Or we could have a single comic on each article with a Previous and Next link. What do you guys think? --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 15:51, 28 May 2006 (EDT)

Reply function not apparent. So, 18 years on, are your plans still alive? :) It's marked for clean up, but perhaps warrants <nowiki>{{incomplete}}</nowiki> instead?

== Questionable deletion notice ==
I think that the deletion notice should be removed and a proposal should be put on this talk page instead. Why should this page be deleted? I think it should just be improved instead of being outright deleted. Especially since Hyarion mentioned that he had ideas for it.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 09:55, 10 November 2024 (UTC)
: The page itself has no content but a list of titles of comic strips that no longer exist. Moreover I don't see any stated reason for why the comic strip itself is/was notable enough to be documented on TG. Hyarion has stated he has no immediate plans to add content to the page and is fine with it being deleted in the interim. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 16:48, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

Fraud of the Rings

2024-11-10T05:12:50Z

Mord: defunct webcomic of no importance with no content to speak of

{{delete}}

'''Fraud of the Rings''' was a satirical comic strip by [[John Cook]] based on ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The website the comic was hosted in is no longer active, however some strips can be viewed using the [https://web.archive.org/web/20240000000000*/http://cartoons.sev.com.au/Sev-Space/Fraud-of-the-Rings/| Wayback Machine].

Below is a list of many of the comic strip titles:

==Fellowship of the Ring==
*One Ring words
*Ringwaifs
*Gonedaft vs Bullfrog
*Gonedaft the Grey
*Gladwrapriel's mirror
*Winged Bullfrog
*Pipsqueak's help
*Film Adaption Sell-out
*Gonedaft vs Sourman
*Tom Bombadill cut
*Lightfooted Legless
*Moria gate message
*Opening Moria Gate
*Multicolored Sourman
*Tall Dwarf mines
*The Council of Eggroll
*Seeing Stone message
*Sourone's one ring
*Ringwaif bumper sticker
*Arrogance's broken sword
*Scarier than Dorcs
*Eagle eyed dwarf
*Glowing elves
*Gonedaft bumper sticker
*Gonedaft refusing the Ring
*One ring corruption
*Halfwit weed
*The origin of Dorcs
*Sourone and the Ring
*Gladwrapriel's visions
*Unused magical powers
*Seeing Stone channels

==Two Towers==
*Gonedaft the White
*Evil Dorcs
*Gonedaft new hairdo
*Arrogance's many names
*Treebeard & Hasty hobnobbits
*Christmas Treebeard
*Hobnobbit Gollum
*Arrogance horse kiss
*Sourman vast army
*Legless vs Gimme
*Hunters' scent
*Palantir surfing
*Missing Entwives
*Ancient Arrogance
*Black Gate doormen
*Arwen vs Gladwrapriel
*Tall battlements
*Gollum monologue
*Crowd surfing
*Chasm jumping
*Horse country
*Enlisting Treeweed

==Return of the King==
*Gollum revelation
*Gonedaft vs Ringwaif
*Diminutive Shelob
*Legless vs Oliphaunt
*Pipsqueak's song
*Reforging the broken sword
*Silenced Pipsqueak
*Reforged sword
*Leaving Muddle Earth
*Falling masonry
*Killing game
*Loud mouth Sourman
*Rally to me
*Fell beast beheading
*Death song
*Reforging the sword

==The Hobnobbit==
*Hobnobbit directory

==Miscellaneous==
*LOTR fanatic
*Eagle taxi ride
*Cut Sourman
*Peter Jackson cameos
*King Kong cameo
*Elvish surfing
*Fell Beast bumper sticker
*Blundering Pipsqueak
*Gonedaft monikers
*Pre-battle speech
*Magical super weapon
[[Category:Comics]]

Talk:Secret Fire

2024-10-07T00:53:32Z

Mord: quote

== "Secret Fire" in Letter #212 ==

The article claims that "only Eru as Creator could command the Secret Fire". This claim is supported quoting 'Letter #212'. However, at least I seem to be not able to find a respective statement in that letter. [[User:Dreisam|Dreisam]] ([[User talk:Dreisam|talk]]) 21:09, 6 October 2024 (UTC)

: <blockquote>The One rebuked Aulë, saying that he had tried to usurp '''the Creator's power'''; but he could not '''give independent life to his makings'''. He had only one life, his own derived from the One, and could at most only distribute it. 'Behold' said the One: 'these creatures of thine have only thy will, and thy movement. Though you have devised a language for them, they can only report to thee thine own thought. This is a mockery of me.'</blockquote>
:Emphasis mine. Hope this helps! --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 00:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC)

Year of the Trees 1125

2024-09-27T14:56:14Z

Mord: Add page #

{{ardayearheader|Year of the Trees 1104|Year of the Trees 1105|Year of the Trees 1115|Year of the Trees 1125|Year of the Trees 1128|Year of the Trees 1130|Year of the Trees 1132}}

*The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor]] cross the [[Blue Mountains]] and reach [[Beleriand]]. Passing over the [[Vale of Sirion]] they reach the shores of the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] and become afraid. [[Oromë]] returns to [[Valinor]].<ref>{{AA|63}}, p. 83</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:First Age years]]
[[Category:Years of the Trees]]

The Shire

2024-09-21T20:08:16Z

Mord: /* Administration */ removed false claim that Buckland was part of the Shire & rewrote for style

{{location infobox
| name=The Shire
| image=Ted Nasmith - Green Hill Morning.jpg
| caption="Green Hill Morning" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Sûza]]'' ([[Westron|W]]) ''Drann'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| location=[[Eriador]]
| type=[[Region]]
| description=
| regions=[[Eastfarthing]], [[Southfarthing]], [[Northfarthing]], [[Westfarthing]]; [[Buckland]], [[Westmarch]]; [[Bridgefields]], [[Green Hill Country]], [[Marish]], [[Tookland]], [[Woody End]]
| settlements=[[Bywater]], [[Hobbiton]], [[Michel Delving]], [[Tuckborough]]
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]]
| created={{TA|1601}}<ref name="FRHobbits">{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref><ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> {{SR|1452}} - [[Westmarch]] added to the Shire<ref name="AppB5">{{App|B5}}</ref>
| destroyed=
| events=[[Battle of Greenfields]] [[Battle of Bywater]]
| gallery=the Shire
}}

The '''Shire''' was a region in [[Eriador]] inhabited by [[Hobbits]].

==Geography==
The Shire is described as a small but beautiful and fruitful land, beloved by its inhabitants. The Hobbits had an extensive agricultural system in the Shire, but did not proceed with industrialisation. Various supplies could be found in the Shire, including cereals, fruit, wood and [[pipe-weed]] (a favourite treat of Hobbits).

The Shire was quite densely populated in parts with many villages and a few towns, but it still was open enough to allow for wide forested areas and marshes. There were green, rolling hills and freshly tilled earth, along with gardens and flower boxes on window sills.

Thanks to the protective presence of the [[Rangers of the North]] in the lands of the former Arnor, the Shire for centuries ignored the wide world outside, despite being traversed by the [[East Road]].

From the west to the east, the Shire originally measured 40 leagues (120 miles) from the [[Far Downs]] to the [[Brandywine Bridge]]. From the north to the south, it measured 50 leagues (150 miles) from the [[North Moors|northern moors]] to the [[marshes in the south]].<ref name="FRHobbits" /> The total area of the Shire must have extended roughly about 20,000 square miles.<ref group="note">[[Robert Foster]] estimates the total area of the Shire to be "about 18,000 square miles"; [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] has calculated a larger figure, about 21,400 square miles. See: {{HM|Guide}}, entry "Shire" and {{HM|AME}}, revised edn (London: HarperCollins, 1991), p. 69</ref>

In {{SR|1452}}, [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] gave the [[Westmarch]] to the [[Shire-hobbits]] as a gift. This extended the western boundaries of the Shire to the [[Tower Hills]].<ref name="AppB5" /> [[Buckland]], to the east of the Brandywine, remained an independent region occupied by [[Hobbits]].

[[File:Christopher Tolkien - A Part of the Shire.jpg|thumb|500px|center|''[[A Part of the Shire]]'' by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]

The boundaries of the Shire were as follows:<ref name="FRHobbits" />

{{navigation
| title=Boundaries of the Shire
| north-west=
| north=[[North Moors]]
| north-east=Possibly [[Dwaling]]
| west=[[Tower Hills]]
| east=[[Baranduin|Brandywine River]]
| south-west=
| south=[[Marshes in the south]]
| south-east=Possibly [[Sarn Ford]]
}}

==History==

{{Quote|But it is not your own Shire. Others dwelt here before hobbits were; and others will dwell here again when hobbits are no more. The wide world is all about you: you can fence yourselves in, but you cannot for ever fence it out.|[[Gildor Inglorion]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Three is Company]]"}}
The Shire was a fertile and well-tilled part of [[Arnor]], with many royal farms, [[corn]]lands, vineyards, and woods. It had long been deserted during the waning days of the Kingdom when it was known as the splinter-realm of [[Arthedain]];<ref name="FRHobbits" /> it had been the hunting grounds of the [[King of Arnor]].<ref>{{PM|Prologue}}, p.9</ref> The [[Hobbits]] from [[Bree]] got official permission from King [[Argeleb II]] at Norbury ([[Fornost]]) to settle the lands. This was finally done in {{TA|1601}} (Year 1 in [[Shire Reckoning]]) by Hobbits from [[Bree]], led by the brothers [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]].<ref name="FRHobbits" /> They were joined by other hobbits who lived in [[Dunland]] and parts of depopulated [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]].

[[File:Ted Nasmith - One Morning Long Ago.jpg|thumb|left|''One Morning Long Ago'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
By 30 years later, almost all of the Hobbits of Middle-earth could be found in the Shire. The [[Shire-hobbits]] considered themselves as subjects of the [[Kings of Arthedain|King]], at least nominally, considering the isolation of their country. Nevertheless the Hobbits sent some support troops to the great battles Arnor fought against [[Angmar]]. After the fall of Arnor, the Shire remained a minor but independent political unit and the title of [[Thain]] was established to fill the absence of a Kingship.<ref name="FRHobbits" />

Its small size, relative lack of importance, and brave and resilient Hobbit population made it too modest an objective for conquest. More important was that the Shire was guarded and protected by the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers of the North]] (and [[Gandalf]]), who watched the borders and kept out intruders. The only strangers to enter the Shire were the [[Dwarves]] travelling on the [[East Road]] that ran through the Shire to and from their mines in the [[Blue Mountains]], and the occasional [[Elves]] on their way to the [[Emyn Beraid]] or the [[Grey Havens]].

In {{TA|2340}}, the [[Oldbucks]] of the [[Marish]] crossed the [[Brandywine]] because of overpopulation and founded [[Buckland]].

However, the Shire faced its adversities since it was inside the range of the [[Great Plague]] of {{TA|1636}}, and [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|Goblins]] from [[Mount Gram]] invaded the Shire until they were driven out after the [[Battle of Greenfields]] ({{TA|2747}}). The Shire also suffered because of the [[Long Winter]] ({{TA|2758}}) soon followed by the [[Days of Dearth]] ({{TA|2760}}) and the [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]] ({{TA|2911}}) when [[White Wolves]] entered the Shire.<ref name="AppB2" />

[[Saruman]] followed Gandalf's interest for the Hobbits and put spies in Bree and Southfarthing. In the years leading up to the [[War of the Ring]], his spies saw that the Shire was closely guarded by the Rangers. When Gandalf suspected that Bilbo Baggins possessed the [[One Ring]] the guard was doubled<ref name="AppB2" /> (perhaps at his request to [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]] [[Aragorn]]).

===War of the Ring===
During the [[War of the Ring]], the Shire was first visited by the Nine [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] when the Rangers were off to the War. This left the Shire defenseless, leaving it open to be captured by Sharkey (Alias of Saruman) and some [[Ruffians]], through the use of [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]. It was liberated after [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] returned from Gondor. Their victory at the [[Battle of Bywater]] and the death of Saruman put a final end to the War.

Yet the physical damage which Saruman caused by forced industrialisation was undone by the Hobbits' efforts and the soil from [[Lothlórien]] (given to Sam by [[Galadriel]]) and {{TA|3021}} was considered to be the most productive and prosperous year in their history.

===Fourth Age===
With [[Aragorn]]'s return as the King of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], the Shire joined the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref> and in {{FoA|6}} became a Free Land, protected enclave inside the Kingdom; a royal order forbade the entrance of any one other than [[Hobbits]] into the Shire. In {{FoA|31}}, King Aragorn extended the land westwards to [[Emyn Beraid]]; this land was named [[Westmarch]] and many hobbits relocated there.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>

==Administration==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - The Shire.jpg|250px|left|thumb|The Shire in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]
At its founding, the Shire was a part of Arthedain and the Hobbits considered themselves to be subjects of the King. It was only after the fall of Arthedain that the Shire became an independent state. Once independent, the Hobbits of the Shire selected a '''[[Thain]]''' to lead them. The office of Thain was hereditary, initially belonging to the [[Oldbuck Family|Oldbuck]] family. When the Oldbucks left the Shire for [[Buckland]], the office passed to the [[Took Family|Took]] family of [[Tuckborough]]. While nominally the Thain ruled over the four [[Farthings]], in practice authority was so decentralised that the title was seen as more of a formality and ceremonial.

The Shire was originally divided into four [[Farthings]] ([[Northfarthing]], [[Southfarthing]], [[Eastfarthing]], and [[Westfarthing]]). Within the Farthings there were smaller, unofficial divisions, such as towns or regions associated with particular families. The [[Took Family|Tooks]], for instance, mostly lived in or near [[Tuckborough]]. In many cases, Hobbit family names were derived from their places of origin. For example, [[Samwise Gamgee]]'s surname was derived from the town of [[Gamwich]] whence the family originated.

The only elected official of the Shire was the '''[[Mayor of Michel Delving]]''' in the [[White Downs]] (by extension seen as the mayor of the Shire). The Mayor's chief duties were serving as postmaster of the Shire's [[Messenger Service]], charging the [[Watch]], and presiding at fairs.

The sole law enforcement officials in the Shire were the [[Shirriffs]]. Their primary responsibility was the protection of the Shire from trespassers. There were three in each Farthing and were distinguished from "civilians" by a feather worn in their caps. The [[Bounders]] were the land's border-guard, charged with turning back unwanted people or beasts; their number varied according to need.

After [[Westmarch]] was added to the Shire, the Thain established the title of [[Warden of Westmarch]]. This was a hereditary office with unclear responsibilities. It was first given to the [[Fairbairn family|Fairbairns]], descendants of Samwise Gamgee.

Buckland, which was not part of the Shire proper, was controlled by the '''[[Master of Buckland]]''' at [[Bucklebury]]. The office of Master was established by the Oldbucks when they left the Shire. Their descendants continued to hold the office when they became the [[Brandybuck Family|Brandybucks]].

==Etymology==
A "shire" ([[Old English]] ''scír'') is an organised region with a "[[Michel Delving|county-town]]".<ref name="Nomen" /> [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] notes that in English, OE ''scír'' replaced the Germanic word for district ''gē'' (cognate, German ''Gau'', "valley, district") and in English was reduced to an element for a few old place-names, like [[wikipedia:Surrey|Surrey]] (from ''Suðer-ge'' "southern district").<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 775</ref>

==Other names==
The original [[Westron]] name for "Shire" was '''''[[Sûza]]''''',<ref name="AppF">{{App|F2}}</ref> while the definite form ("''The'' Shire") was ''Sûza-t''.<ref>{{PM|II}}, p. 45</ref>

The [[Sindarin]] name is only attested in the [[Lenition|lenited]] form '''''Drann''''' and the adjectival ''Drannail'',<ref>[[Vinyar Tengwar 31|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 31]], "The ''King's Letter'': An Historical and Comparative Analysis" by [[Carl F. Hostetter]], pp. 21-22</ref><ref>{{SD|XI2}}, p. 129</ref> so it would be ''Trann''.<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=http://eldamo.org/content/words/word-1044609725.html|articlename=S. #''Trann'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=22 January 2020}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
{{quote|I could draw you a map of every inch of [Sarehole] [...] I loved it with an intensity of love that was a kind of nostalgia reversed [...] It was a kind of lost paradise and it was wonderful.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] interview to John Ezard<ref>''[[Oxford Mail]]'', [[3 August]] [[1966]], p. 4</ref>}}
On Tolkien's maps, the Shire is located at about the same position as England is on modern European maps and has been cited as an example of [[Wikipedia:Deep England|Deep England]] ideology (though, of course, England is on an island while the Shire is a landlocked country). Throughout the narrative, Tolkien also implies numerous points of similarity between the two, such as weather, agriculture and dialect. One can also see England as Tolkien's source of inspiration for the Shire in its very name. Tolkien had spent his youth in [[Sarehole]], Worcestershire.

According to [[Paula Marmor]], the hobbit brothers [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]] bear names related to horses, parallel to [[Hengest]] and [[Horsa]], the [[Wikipedia:Hengest and Horsa|legendary leaders]] who brought the Saxons to Britain. Hengest was the founder of [[Wikipedia:Kent|Kent]] whose geography is similar to the Shire (North Downs above, hills to the west, water to the east and marshes to the southeast).<ref>{{HM|IE}}, "An etymological excursion among the Shire-Folk" by [[Paula Marmor]]</ref>

The industrialisation of the Shire was based on Tolkien's witnessing of the extension of the Industrial Revolution to rural Warwickshire during his youth, and especially the deleterious consequences thereof. The rebellion of the hobbits and the restoration of the pre-industrial Shire may be interpreted as a prescription of voluntary simplicity as a remedy to the problems of modern society.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Pictures of the Shire in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Hobbiton.jpg|The Shire in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - The Shire map.jpg|Map of the Shire from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - The Yondershire map.jpg|Map of the "Yondershire" from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

===Films===
'''1977: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Shire is featured in the opening and last scenes of the film. Only [[Bag End]] is featured extensively.

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Shire scenes were shot on location in Matamata, New Zealand. Following the shooting, the area was returned to its natural state, but even without Hobbit holes it became a prime tourist attraction.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Shire scenes were shot at the same place where shooting of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] took place. Unlike the previous time, Hobbiton was constructed out of permanent materials, with intention of lasting for decades.

===Games===
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:The first three levels of the game take place in the Shire, from [[Frodo]] leaving [[Bag End]] up until the entrance into the [[Old Forest]].

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:The Shire is the first level of the game. Unlike the original story, Bilbo has to perform various side-quests before he ever reached [[Green Dragon]].

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:The Shire is a battleground appearing in Evil campaign and skirmish mode.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Shire is one of the starting regions of the game, where Hobbit-characters start, represented almost in its entirely - of the original map by Christopher Tolkien only some parts of [[Westfarthing]] and [[Southfarthing]] are not represented. Also, part of the [[Northfarthing]] is placed within the borders of [[Evendim]] region for gameplay purposes. The Shire is inhabited by hundreds of non-playable characters, involved in hundreds of quests.

:In 2022 an extension to the region called "[[the Yondershire]]" was added. This area includes the Shire's less-tamed north-western reaches and the surrounding territory, reaching to the [[Lhûn|River Lune]] in the west and the [[Hills of Evendim]] in the north. It encompasses the rest of the Northfarthing, and most of the Westfarthing that wasn't yet in the game. It is made for players of a higher level.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://www.lotro.com/update-notes/lotro-update-33-release-notes-en|articlename=Update 33 Release Notes|dated=20 April 2022|website=LOTRO|accessed=}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Matt "Scenario" Elliott|articleurl=https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1436262669|articlename=A Casual Stroll Through Yondershire with Scenario|dated=|website=[https://www.twitch.tv/ Twitch]|accessed=}}</ref>

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:The Shire is one of game's battlegrounds, razed by Sauron's forces in the Evil campaign.

'''2010: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'':'''
:The Shire is featured in the beginning of the game.

'''2024''': ''[[Tales of the Shire: A "The Lord of the Rings" Game]]'':
:As it's name suggests, the Shire, specifically the village of [[Bywater]], is the main setting of the game.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eL7HyTzcLQY Tales of the Shire: A The Lord of the Rings Game - Trailer | Nintendo Direct 2024]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Thain|Thains of the Shire]]

{{References|n}}

{{companyroute}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:The Shire]]

[[de:Auenland]]
[[fi:Kontu]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:eriador:comte]]

Talk:Later Ages

2024-09-09T03:23:29Z

Mord: /* Year calculation pedantry */ formatting

== "futuristic" map ==

Geophysics and Geology Professor Peter Bird of UCLA has created a map that is like a mix of Middle-earth and modern Europe. An article about his attempt can be seen [https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/121-where-on-earth-was-middle-earth/ here], but the links pointing at his original site aren't working. I think it would be a nice addition to this article, but licensing it would be problematic? [[User:Sage|Sage]] ([[User talk:Sage|talk]]) 07:56, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

:A bit of reverse image searching has located the domain http://peterbird.name and the image is linked at the bottom of the page!
:http://peterbird.name/pictures/Middle-Earth.jpg
:His contact details are available on this page, but given that it is a pubic domain and we are a not-for-profit it should fall under fair use.
:PS. I think it is a very interesting image and certainly worthwhile of inclusion.[[User:JR Snow|JR Snow]] ([[User talk:JR Snow|talk]]) 15:30, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
::Where does it say they are pubic domain? [[User:Sage|Sage]] ([[User talk:Sage|talk]]) 09:12, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
:::The top of the page says ''"You are welcome to download many of my finite-element and graphical programs, and to use any figures, maps, or images that you might find useful in teaching or research presentations."'', so to me it is clear he is happy for the images to be shared in a teaching environment, which as a not-for-profit Wiki we surely includes TG?
:::
:::I am not suggesting you should not contact him to ask, but I don't imagine given the above quote he would object. [[User:JR Snow|JR Snow]] ([[User talk:JR Snow|talk]]) 16:59, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

== Year calculation pedantry ==
After a convo on the Discord in which much arithmetic was done on JRRT's "16k year" statement, I think the correct calculated BC years for the ends of the 1A, 2A, and 3A in the NOME paradigm are as follows:

1) Benchmark: YS 310 was 16,000 years ago in 1960 AD.

2) YS 310 was 14,040 years ago in 1 BC (there is no 0 BC). Therefore YS 310 = 14,041 BC.

3) In this scheme, the YS/Bel. period is 600 years long, not 590; therefore YS 600 = 13,751 BC.

4) Therefore SA 3441 = 10,310 BC and TA 3021 = 7,289 BC.

Hostetter came up with 7,288 at this last step because he was calculating "years before;" 7,288 years before 1 BC is 7,289 BC.
--[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 03:22, 9 September 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Later Ages

2024-09-09T03:23:11Z

Mord: Year calculation pedantry

== "futuristic" map ==

Geophysics and Geology Professor Peter Bird of UCLA has created a map that is like a mix of Middle-earth and modern Europe. An article about his attempt can be seen [https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/121-where-on-earth-was-middle-earth/ here], but the links pointing at his original site aren't working. I think it would be a nice addition to this article, but licensing it would be problematic? [[User:Sage|Sage]] ([[User talk:Sage|talk]]) 07:56, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

:A bit of reverse image searching has located the domain http://peterbird.name and the image is linked at the bottom of the page!
:http://peterbird.name/pictures/Middle-Earth.jpg
:His contact details are available on this page, but given that it is a pubic domain and we are a not-for-profit it should fall under fair use.
:PS. I think it is a very interesting image and certainly worthwhile of inclusion.[[User:JR Snow|JR Snow]] ([[User talk:JR Snow|talk]]) 15:30, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
::Where does it say they are pubic domain? [[User:Sage|Sage]] ([[User talk:Sage|talk]]) 09:12, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
:::The top of the page says ''"You are welcome to download many of my finite-element and graphical programs, and to use any figures, maps, or images that you might find useful in teaching or research presentations."'', so to me it is clear he is happy for the images to be shared in a teaching environment, which as a not-for-profit Wiki we surely includes TG?
:::
:::I am not suggesting you should not contact him to ask, but I don't imagine given the above quote he would object. [[User:JR Snow|JR Snow]] ([[User talk:JR Snow|talk]]) 16:59, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

== Year calculation pedantry ==
After a convo on the Discord in which much arithmetic was done on JRRT's "16k year" statement, I think the correct calculated BC years for the ends of the 1A, 2A, and 3A in the NOME paradigm are as follows:

1) Benchmark: YS 310 was 16,000 years ago in 1960 AD.
2) YS 310 was 14,040 years ago in 1 BC (there is no 0 BC). Therefore YS 310 = 14,041 BC.
3) In this scheme, the YS/Bel. period is 600 years long, not 590; therefore YS 600 = 13,751 BC.
4) Therefore SA 3441 = 10,310 BC and TA 3021 = 7,289 BC.

Hostetter came up with 7,288 at this last step because he was calculating "years before;" 7,288 years before 1 BC is 7,289 BC.
--[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 03:22, 9 September 2024 (UTC)

User:IvarTheBoneless/Sandbox

2024-09-04T14:20:56Z

Mord: /* Makar and Meássë */ two

=YS/YT experiment=
*[[Years of the Sun|Y.S.]] 400[[First Age|FA]] - First Age during Y.S.

*[[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]] 1495[[First Age|FA]] - First Age during Y.T.

Of course, a template has to be made to accomodate this.

=The 'Legend' template=
{| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 auto;" align="center"
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #CCCCFF;" |'''Legendary [[:Category:Races|races]] and [[:Category:Characters by race|individuals]] of [[Arda]]'''
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |Individuals:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Badger-brock]] · [[Bill Butcher]] · [[Farmer Hogg]] · [[Fastitocalon]] · [[Fíriel (The Last Ship)|Fíriel]] · [[Grip (Bill Butcher's dog)|Grip]] · [[The Hunter (creature)|The Hunter]] · [[Lonely Troll]] · [[Man in the Moon]] · [[Mrs. Bunce]] · [[Peeping Jack]] · [[Perry-the-Winkle (hobbit)|Perry-the-Winkle]] · [[Pott the Mayor]] · [[The Rider]] · [[River-woman]] · [[Tarlang]] · [[Tim]] · [[Tom (The Stone Troll)|Tom]] · [[Túro]] · [[White cow]]
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |Animals:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Dumbledors]] · [[Gorcrows]] · [[Hummerhorns]] · [[Pards]] · [[Swans of Gorbelgod]] · [[Turtle-fish]] · [[Were-worms]]
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |Other:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Badger-folk]] · [[Hobgoblins]] · [[Lintips]] · [[Mewlips]] · [[Ogres]] · [[Spectres]] · [[Two-headed Trolls]]
|-
|}
<noinclude>

==Usage==
<pre>
{{Legend}}
</pre>

='Races' template=
{| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 auto;" align="center"
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #CCCCFF;" |'''[[:Category:Races|Races]] in [[Tolkien]]'s [[legendarium]]'''
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |[[Spirits]]:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Ainur]] (''[[Maiar]]'' · ''[[Valar]]'')
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |[[Incarnates]]:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Dwarves]] · [[Elves]] (''[[Half-elves]]'') · [[Ents]] (''[[Huorns]]'') · [[Men]] (''[[Hobbits]]'')
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |Evil:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Demons]] (''[[Balrogs]]'' · ''[[Boldogs]]'') · [[Dragons]] (''[[Cold-drakes]]'' · ''[[Fire-drakes]]'') · [[Fell beasts]] · [[Giant Spiders]] · [[Nameless things]] · [[Orcs]] (''[[Half-orcs]]'' · ''[[Uruk-hai]]'') · [[Trolls]] · [[Undead]] (''[[Barrow-wights]]'' · ''[[Nazgûl]]'') · [[Vampires]] · [[Werewolves]] (''[[Wargs]]'')
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |Other:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Giants]] · [[Great Eagles]] · [[Ravens]] · [[Undead]] (''[[Oathbreakers]]'')
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |Enigmatic [[:Category:Enigmas|individuals]]:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Goldberry]] · [[Tom Bombadil]] · [[Two Watchers]] · [[Watcher in the Water]]
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |Legendary:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Badger-folk]] · [[Lintips]] · [[Mewlips]] · [[Ogres]] · [[Turtle-fish]] · [[Were-worms]]
|-
! style="background: #F2F2FF;" align="right" |Early legendarium:
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Cats#Other versions of the legendarium|Demonic Cats]] · [[:Category:Fays|Fays]] (''[[Mermaids]]'' · ''[[Sprites]]'' · ''[[Sylphs]]'') · [[Gongs]] · [[Great glow-worms]] · [[Pygmies]] · [[Sea-serpents]] · [[Spark-dragons]]
|-
|}<noinclude>
==Usage==
<pre>
{{Races}}
</pre>

='Years of the Trees/Length'=
==Textual history==
===Conversion to solar years===
===Tolkien Gateway policy===
==Notable dates==

='Fays'=
...will be completed one day...

=Makar and Meássë=
{{infobox character
| name=Makar and Meássë
| people=[[Valar#Other versions of the legendarium|Valar]]
| image=A-denn - Makar and Measse.jpg
| caption="Makar and Measse" by [[:Category:Images by A-denn|A-denn]]
| pronun=
| othernames='''Makar''': ''Ramandor'', ''Kostorin'' ([[Qenya|Q]]) ''Magorn''/''Magron'', ''Gothonwi'' ([[Gnomish|G]]) '''Meássë''': ''Rávi'', ''Tarkil'' ([[Qenya|Q]]) ''Mechos''/''Mechothli'' ([[Gnomish|G]])
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| gender=Male (Makar) Female (Meássë)
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons="Huge bill" (Makar)<ref name=Valar/> Spear (Meássë)<ref name=Valar/>
| steed=
}}
'''Makar''' and '''Meássë''' were two of the "lost" [[Valar]], according to the early version of the [[legendarium]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''. Makar was described as a "warrior Vala", while his "fierce sister" Meássë was said to have been a "warrior [[Gods|goddess]]" and an "[[Wikipedia:Amazons|Amazon]] with bloody arms".

==History==
Before Makar and Meássë came into the [[Arda|world]], they were already quarrelsome spirits, even going so far as to join [[Melko]] in his discord during the [[Music of the Ainur]].<ref>{{LT1|III}}, p. 67</ref>

After arriving in [[Valinor]], Makar and Meássë built their dwellings, made of iron, in the north, close to those of [[Mandos]] and [[Fui]]. The only Vala who visited their dwelling was [[Tulkas]], who went there to wrestle and fight with Makar, although he did this only to keep his strength intact, for there was no friendship between the two.<ref name="Valar">{{LT1|III}}, pp. 77-8</ref>

Makar and Meássë rode often to the [[Middle-earth|Great Lands]] where they hunted wolves and bears in the black mountains.<ref name="Valar" />

When the Valar decided to seek out Melko and oust him from his dwelling at [[Utumna]], Makar adorned them with armour.<ref>{{LT1|IV}}, p. 101</ref> After they brought Melko to Valinor for judgement, Makar was the only one to speak out for him, being displeased with the prospect of peace.<ref>{{LT1|IV}}, p. 105</ref>

When the [[Elves]] awoke, and the Valar invited them to live among the Gods, they spoke against the others, saying that Valinor was built for the Valar, and the Valar only.<ref>{{LT1|V}}, p. 117</ref>

After the [[Darkening of Valinor]], they joined the other Valar in pursuit of Melko, who was fleeing north towards his old stronghold. Despite the chase, Melko escaped.<ref>{{LT1|VI}}, pp. 154-5</ref> However, Makar managed to capture and slay two of Melko's servants, returning with a red hand, smeared with blood. He was the only one who had any pleasure at the time, the [[Two Trees]] having been destroyed.<ref>{{LT1|VIII}}, p. 177</ref>

==Etymology==
===Makar===
'''''Makar''''' is a [[Qenya]] name, meaning "God of battle". Its [[Gnomish]] equivalent is '''''Magorn''''' or '''''Magron'''''.<ref name="App">{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 259</ref> He was also called '''''Ramandor''''' (meaning "the Shouter" in Qenya),<ref name="App" /> as well as '''''Kostorin''''' (or '''''Gothonwi''''' in Gnomish).<ref>{{PE|14}}, p. 13</ref>

===Meássë===
'''''Meássë''''' is also a [[Qenya]] name, deriving from the [[Sundocarme|root]] [[MEHE]] ("ooze?") and related to the word ''mear'' ("gore"). Its [[Gnomish]] equivalent is '''''Mechos''''' or '''''Mechothli'''''.<ref name="Ravi" />

Among her other names was '''''Rávi''''' (related to ''ravennë'' "she-[[lions|lion]]").,<ref name="Ravi">{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 260</ref> as well as '''''Tarkil''''', deriving from the root [[TARA]] ("to batter, thud, beat").<ref>{{PE|14}}, p. 15</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree | MAK | | MEA | |MAK='''MAKAR'''|MEA='''MEÁSSË'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Makar and Measse}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Qenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]
[[de:Makar]]
[[de:Meássë]]
[[fi:Makar]]
[[fi:Meássë]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/makar]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/meássë]]

User:Mord/Of the Departure of Celeborn

2024-08-30T01:41:19Z

Mord: /* Conclusions */

==Evidence & Analysis==
===Passengers of the "Last" Ship===
{{blockquote|I [Círdan] will dwell by the grey shores until the last ship sails.|{{App|B2}}}}
{{blockquote|I [Círdan] will dwell by the grey shores, guarding the Havens until the last ship sails.|{{S|Rings}}}}
{{blockquote|There is no record of the day when at last he [Celeborn] sought the Grey Havens, and with him went the last living memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth.|{{FR|Records}}}}
{{blockquote|Then [after the Passing of King Elessar] Legolas built a grey ship in Ithilien, and sailed down Anduin and so over Sea.|{{App|B5}}}}
If Celeborn took "the last living memory of the Elder Days" with him and Círdan departed on the "last ship," the two would necessarily have left on the same ship, the last to leave Mithlond. This much is beyond any reasonable doubt.

We have reason to doubt the literal truth of the statement that Celeborn took "the last living memory of the Elder Days" with him: as far as we have any reason to believe, Treebeard and Bombadil would have lived into the Fourth Age. It is likely that the phrase is meant to be intepreted figuratively, perhaps as "the last living memory of the Elder Days ''among the Children of Ilúvatar''." Even if Treebeard and Bombadil are not considered to possess "living memories" for this purpose, there is no reasonable interpretation that allows Celeborn to leave Middle-earth while Círdan remains behind.

As with "the last living memory," it's possible that Círdan's "last ship" is also the subject of figurative language and not literally the last ship to leave Middle-earth. Círdan's "last ship" may have been meant as the "last ship ''from Mithlond''." His description of his mission given in the ''The Silmarillion'' explicitly refers to "guarding the Havens," which gives some credence to this interpetation.<ref group="note" name="StoryAndSong">However, the account of the end of the Third Age in the ''The Silmarillion'' contradicts that of ''The Lord of the Rings''. ''The Silmarillion'' implies that Círdan's "last ship" was identical with the White Ship and states that when the bearers of the Three Rings departed on it, "an end was come for the Eldar of story and of song." In ''The Lord of the Rings'', Círdan did not take the White Ship. For both accounts to be true, Círdan must not be counted among "the Eldar of story and of song," which is impossible given his role in the tale of Eärendil.</ref> (If Círdan's were only the last ship from Mithlond, he may have left just after the Passing of King Elessar, leaving Legolas with no choice but to build his own ship.)

Moreover, Legolas could build his own ship, so we know that Círdan was not alone in having the knowledge and skill required to build a ship to withstand the voyage West. We know of no reason that other Elves could not do the same later in the Fourth Age (though no remaining Elves seem likely to have done so; e.g. Thranduil and his people, who desired to return to the days before the Elves became involved with the Valar).

===The last Ringbearer===
{{blockquote|[S.R.] 1482 [Fo.A. 61] [...] Among them [the Fairbairns] the tradition is handed down from Elanor that Samwise passed the Towers, and went to the Grey Havens, and passed over Sea, last of the Ring-bearers.|{{App|B5}}}}
If indeed Samwise was permitted to pass into the West per the tradition, there must have been a ship in the Havens to take him there.

===Where none now walk===
{{blockquote|But after the passing of Galadriel in a few years Celeborn grew weary of his realm [East Lórien] and went to Imladris to dwell with the sons of Elrond.|{{App|B3}}}}
{{blockquote|It is probable that Meriadoc obtained assistance and information from Rivendell, which he visited more than once. There, though Elrond had departed, his sons long remained, together with some of the High-elven folk. It is said that Celeborn went to dwell there after the departure of Galadriel.|{{FR|Records}}}}
{{blockquote|We [Aragorn and Arwen] met under the white birches in the garden of Elrond where none now walk.|{{App|A1v}}}}
Rivendell was still populated with Elves during the lifetime of Meriadoc Brandybuck, who left the Shire in Fo.A. 63. On 1 March Fo.A. 120, Aragorn believed that "the garden of Elrond" was abandoned.

Rivendell is often described as "the house of Elrond;" the "the garden of Elrond" is likely also a metonymy for Rivendell. Even taken literally, there is no apparent reason for the sons (and father-in-law) of Elrond, and the Elves in general, to decline to walk in Elrond's garden if they still dwelled in Rivendell.

As for where the folk of Rivendell went, some may have dispersed into the remaining Elven settlements in Lindon, Eryn Lasgalen and Ithilien. As for Celeborn himself, his motivation to stay in Rivendell in the first place was to spend time with his grandsons – if the family were to stay together, why leave their home in Rivendell only to change venues within Middle-earth? If the family were to part ways, where would Celeborn have any reason to go but the Havens?

===Never more than memory===
{{blockquote|The uttermost choice is before you [Arwen]: to repent and go to the Havens and bear away into the West the memory of our days together that shall there be evergreen but never more than memory; or else to abide the Doom of Men.|{{App|A1v}}}}
{{blockquote|At marriage Arwen became “mortal”: she would then join her husband’s scale of “expectation of life”.|{{NM|P1xviii}}}}
On 1 March Fo.A. 120, Aragorn believed that there was at least one ship left in the Grey Havens. If true, Círdan must not yet have left Middle-earth. Unfortunately, Arwen's choice had been made long ago and the physical availability of ships was irrelevant, so her reply gives us no insight into the presence or absence of ships in Mithlond.

The example of the White Ship and its passengers suggests that Elves did not tarry long at the Havens before setting sail. Indeed, each Elf who makes the free choice to go West has necessarily resolved to end their time in Middle-earth. By the time they arrive at the Havens, their affairs should already be settled and their farewells made – further delay seems needless and uncharacteristic of the serious-minded and decisive Eldar. As such, it seems unlikely that Celeborn (and perhaps one or both of Elladan and Elrohir) would desire to linger in Mithlond for any longer than necessary to gather the other passengers of the Last Ship.

Even so, we know of no reason that an Elf would be prevented from remaining in Mithlond or the environs for any length of time prior to their departure.

==="Passed away" and "gone"===
{{blockquote|She [Arwen] went out from the city of Minas Tirith and passed away to the land of Lórien, and dwelt there alone under the fading trees until winter came. Galadriel had passed away and Celeborn also was gone, and the land was silent. There at last when the mallorn-leaves were falling, but spring had not yet come, she laid herself to rest upon Cerin Amroth.|{{App|A1v}}}}
{{blockquote|Aragorn resigned on
the day of his birth, March 1, 4A 120. Arwen apparently “resigned” life and died on Cerin Amroth on March 1 in the following year|{{NM|P1xviii}}, p. 151}}
Tolkien's differing descriptions of Galadriel and Celeborn's absences from Lórien during Arwen's sojourn there could have been meant to imply that their absences were qualitatively different in some way. Galadriel had gone West, so the most obvious possible difference would be that Celeborn had not yet done so. (This concurs with Aragorn's deathbed belief that at least one ship remained in Mithlond.)

However, in this same passage, Arwen is described as having "passed away" to Lórien, casting doubt on whether there is any special significance to the description of Galadriel as having "passed away."

The specific point in time to which these descriptions apply is unclear – they are most proximate in the text to the coming of winter Fo.A. 120, but it is equally plausible that they could apply to any time during her sojourn. Arwen entered the realm sometime after 1 March Fo.A. 120 and died on 1 March Fo.A. 121.

===What the Tooks knew===
{{blockquote|Concerning the sources for most of the matter contained in the following Appendices, especially A to D, see the note at the end of the Prologue.
[...]
Actual extracts from longer annals and tales are placed within quotation marks. [...] Notes within quotation marks are found in the sources.|{{App|A}}}}
{{blockquote|Since Meriadoc and Peregrin became the heads of their great families, and at the same time kept up their connexions with Rohan and Gondor, the libraries at Bucklebury and Tuckborough contained much that did not appear in the Red Book.
[...]
At Great Smials the books were of less interest to Shire-folk, though more important for larger history. None of them was written by Peregrin, but he and his successors collected many manuscripts written by scribes of Gondor: mainly copies or summaries of histories or legends relating to Elendil and his heirs. Only here in the Shire were to be found extensive materials for the history of Númenor and the arising of Sauron. It was probably at Great Smials that ''The Tale of Years*'' was put together, with the assistance of material collected by Meriadoc.
(* Represented in much reduced form in Appendix B as far as the end of the Third Age.)|{{FR|Records}}}}
{{blockquote|‘Here ends this tale, as it has come to us from the South; and with the passing of Evenstar no more is said in this book of the days of old.’|{{App|A1v}}}}
The tale of the death of Arwen on 1 March Fo.A. 121 "[came] to us from the South," and is the last historical event attested in "this book." This must mean that the speaker is a Hobbit, since ''The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen'' was appended to the Thain's Book in Minas Tirith and sent north to the Shire as part of Findegil's copy. Being that this comment appears in quotation marks, this must be a note inserted into the source: certainly by a Hobbit, probably by a Tookish scholar in Great Smials, necessarily during or after Fo.A. 171.

"This book" refers to whatever volume at the Great Smials contained the ''Tale'' and the Tooks' commentary thereon (either a Tookish copy of Findegil's copy, or the Tooks annotated Findegil's original manuscript with their comments).

===If any now remain===
{{blockquote|‘[... Dwarves] were accustomed to pass east along the Great Road, as they had done for long years before we came to the Shire. At the Grey Havens dwelt Círdan the Shipwright, and some say he dwells there still, until the Last Ship sets sail into the West. In the days of the Kings most of the High Elves that still lingered in Middle-earth dwelt with Círdan or in the seaward lands of Lindon. If any now remain they are few.|{{App|A1iii}}}}
This passage must have been written by a Hobbit, due to the use of "we;" again, likely a Tookish scholar in Great Smials. It is unambiguous that the writer is describing a shift in the population patterns of High Elves over time, but there are various ambiguities that make it difficult to draw conclusions.

As for the timing of "now," this is the most straightforward: the section in which this passage appears concludes with the death of Aragorn in Fo.A. 120 described in the past tense, meaning it can be dated no earlier than Fo.A. 120. Going further, Appendix A as a whole, including ''The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen'', reads as a coherent document. The Tookish reference to "this book" at the conclusion of the ''Tale'' allows the possibility that the entire text of Appendix A was assembled into a single volume at some time following the receipt of Findegil's copy by the Tooks after Fo.A. 171, meaning "now" is after Fo.A. 171.

The first ambiguity is which Kings' days are here referred to: those of of Arthedain and those of the Reunited Kingdom are both plausible (those being the only Kings with whom the Shire-folk had ever had dealings).

The note that the majority of High Elves dwelt in Lindon during the "days of the Kings" is of little value in determining the identities of the Kings, because the majority of High Elves in Middle-earth may well have dwelt in Lindon from the dawn of the Second Age and continuing into the Fourth. Lindon was the core of Gil-galad's realm and we have no basis on which to gauge the relative populations of High Elves in Lindon, Rivendell, Lórien, or elsewhere in Middle-earth at any time thereafter.

The juxtaposition of the "days of the Kings" with "now" implies that the "days of the Kings" were in the past, in contrast to the situation "now." If this is the intended reading, the Kings in question must have been those of Arthedain, since Aragorn's heirs ruled into the Fourth Age. The use of "days of the Kings" to refer to those of Arthedain may be of the same origin as the Shire-proverb "When the King comes back" recounted elsewhere in Appendix A, which definitely refers to the Kings of Arthedain. The broader context of this passage, describing the ancient realm of Arnor, also lends credence to this interpretation.

However, if one understands the Tookish scholar's choice of words to refer to Gandalf's blessing at the coronation of Elessar – "now come the days of the King" – then the "Kings" in question must be those of the Reunited Kingdom, at this time (certainly after Fo.A. 120) consisting of Aragorn and Eldarion. In this case, the word "now" must represent a shift in perspective from earlier days of the Reunited Kingdom to the time of the writing of the passage.

The second key ambiguity in the passage relates to those High Elves who "remain." The writer expresses certainty that "during the days of the Kings" (however recent those were), Círdan dwelt at Mithlond, but is unsure "now" if any High Elves "remain" and, if so, whether Círdan is among them.

===Metatextuality===
{{blockquote|There [in Rivendell], though Elrond had departed, his sons long remained, together with some of the High-elven folk. It is said that Celeborn went to dwell there after the departure of Galadriel; but there is no record of the day when at last he sought the Grey Havens, and with him went the last living memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth.|{{FR|Records}}}}
This passage is in the context of the description of Meriadoc's visits to Rivendell to collect historical information, which necessarily concluded before Fo.A. 63 (when he departed the Shire).
{{blockquote|By the end of the ﬁrst century of the Fourth Age there were already to be found in the Shire several libraries that contained many historical books and records. 
The largest of these collections were probably at Undertowers, at Great Smials, and at Brandy Hall. This account of the end of the Third Age is drawn mainly from the Red Book of Westmarch.|{{FR|Records}}}}
{{blockquote|The legends, histories, and lore to be found in the sources are very extensive. Only selections from them, in most places much abridged, are here presented.|{{App|A}}}}
The ''Note on the Shire Records'' and introduction to Appendix A are written in the voice of the fictional J.R.R. Tolkien, translator and transcriber of the Red Book and related materials that had been stored in these Hobbit libraries. This "Pseudo-Tolkien" can be assumed to have access to all surviving records, and it is he who informs us there is no record of Celeborn's departure.

Records from Meriadoc's visits to Rivendell, combined with Tookish materials compiled at Great Smials and Findegil's copy of the Red Book, make up the Appendices. Findegil's copy of the Red Book definitively contains no reference to any historical event which took place after 1 March Fo.A. 121, per the comment by a Tookish scholar that dates from no earlier than Fo.A. 171. None of the Shire material included in ''The Lord of the Rings'' refers to any event later than 1 March Fo.A. 121 either, but Pseudo-Tolkien explicitly states he has exercised editorial oversight in presenting the materials at his disposal, so there is no reason to believe that the Shire-histories end in Fo.A. 121. (Indeed, the death of [[Harding of the Hill]] in Fo.A. 185 is attested in draft material.)

As such, neither the ''Note on the Shire Records'' nor the Appendices, literally interpreted, can narrow down "the day when at last Celeborn sought the Grey Havens." Either it was before or it was after Fo.A. 121; if before, neither the Hobbits nor Findegil were aware of it, and if after, the Hobbits were not aware of it. (Of course, there is the possibility that Findegil and/or the Hobbits ''were'' aware of the date, but the records did not survive to reach Pseudo-Tolkien.)
{{blockquote|The light Elven-ship was torn from its moorings and driven into the wild waters towards the coasts of Umbar. No tidings of it were ever heard in Middle-earth; but the Elven-ships made for this journey did not founder, and doubtless it left the Circles of the World and came at last to Eressëa.|{{UT|Amroth}}}}
Pseudo-Tolkien's language in the previous passage from the ''Note'' is reminiscent of J.R.R. Tolkien's description of the voyage of the last Elven ship from Edhellond in T.A. 1981.

The potential connection here is necessarily metatextual in nature. One may well consider the same Pseudo-Tolkien to be the translator behind ''The Lord of the Rings'' as well as the ''Unfinished Tales'', including ''Amroth and Nimrodel''. This is relevant because the narrator of that tale speaks authoritatively of the drowning of Amroth and the voyage of his ship, despite these events explicitly having no witnesses in Middle-earth. This sets the precedents that Pseudo-Tolkien may recount stories in which Elven ships depart without any who remain seeing them go, and that he has the authority to speak of them as having done so at a particular time.

We may grant to Pseudo-Tolkien the same authority in the ''Note'' as we do in ''Amroth and Nimrodel'' if only for the sake of consistency. Thus we may consider his description of the departure of Celeborn in the ''Note'' in light of his description of the departure of Amroth's ship in ''Amroth and Nimrodel'', to which it bears a clear and striking resemblance.

==Boundary dates==
===Lower bound===
A "lower bound" is a date '''before''' which we know Celeborn must '''not''' have departed Middle-earth.

A lower bound for Círdan's departure can be reckoned at several points depending on whether we accept certain statements of fact by various characters at face value.

If the Last Ship is understood to be merely the last out of Mithlond:
*'''"A few years" into the Fourth Age:''' If Samwise did not go West and Aragorn was incorrect in his deathbed assertion to Arwen about the availability of a ship in Mithlond, Celeborn could have left at effectively any time after the departure of the White Ship (allowing "a few years" for him to grow weary of his realm in East Lórien, and enough time in Rivendell to be described as having "dwelt" there).
*'''After Fo.A. 61:''' If Samwise went West, Celeborn could not have left before him.
*'''After 1 March Fo.A. 120:''' If Aragorn's deathbed assertion was true, Celeborn could not have left before Aragorn's death.

If the Last Ship is understood to be the last out of Middle-earth:

*'''After Legolas' departure (between 2 March and 1 Yule Fo.A. 120):''' If Legolas was the only Elf outside of Mithlond to build his own ship, Círdan could not have left before Legolas.
*'''Undefinable:''' If Elves other than Legolas also built their own ships outside of Mithlond, we cannot define any lower bound because we cannot say when the last of those anonymous Elves may have left.

In either case:
*'''After Arwen's arrival in Lórien (after 1 March and before the beginning of winter Fo.A. 120):''' If Tolkien's use of "gone" versus "passed away" is meant to signify Celeborn's absence from the forest but not from Middle-earth, Círdan could not have left before Arwen arrived in Lórien.
*'''After the compiling of Appendix A in Great Smials (probably Fo.A. 171):''' If the rumors reported by the Tookish scholar ("some say [Círdan] dwells [in Mithlond] still") are accurate, then Celeborn was still in Middle-earth at the time the commentary on Appendix A was written.

===Upper bound===
An "upper bound" is a date '''after''' which we know Celeborn '''must''' have departed Middle-earth.

If one accepts the following statements:
*Celeborn would not depart Rivendell except to pass into the West
*Celeborn would not tarry in Mithlond overlong
*Aragorn's deathbed statement means Rivendell was abandoned
*Aragorn was correct in his assertion that there was still a ship in Mithlond
We can establish that 1 March Fo.A. 120 was within the brief window of time between the Elves' departure from Rivendell and the Last Ship's departure from Middle-earth. At that time, either they were still on the journey from Rivendell to Mithlond, or they had arrived in Mithlond and were not yet ready to depart. In either case, it seems unlikely they would still be there more than a year later. Thus, their departure can plausibly be dated to sometime after 1 March Fo.A. 120 but not too late in Fo.A. 121.

XXX WEAK XXX
The passage in ''Amroth and Nimrodel'' is Pseudo-Tolkien's way of drawing a close to that story, while the passage in the ''Note'' serves the same purpose to its own. Being that the ''Note'' is the story of Findegil's copy of the Red Book and its descent from the original, we may surmise that Pseudo-Tolkien's choice to conclude it with a reference to the departure of Celeborn indicates that the voyage was at the latest contemporaneous with Findegil's work. If one accepts this reasoning, this would place an upper bound somewhere in the year Fo.A. 171 between 25 March and 1 Yule (since the year is stated to be S.R. 1592 but Fo.A. 172 by the New Reckoning).
XXX WEAK XXX

==Conclusions==
J.R.R. Tolkien typically did not ascribe false statements to his wise and virtuous characters, except deliberately and with specific reason. It seems most reasonable to take at face value all statements of fact from a trustworthy character such as Aragorn.

It's narratively appropriate for the last great lords of the Sindar to leave Middle-earth shortly after the death of King Elessar: after Elessar the kingship passed to Eldarion, "scion of the Eldar," whose very name reflects that "the Eldar of story and song" had become no more than a legacy to be inherited by Men.

I believe it's most likely that Celeborn departed Middle-earth on or around 1 March Fo.A. 121, contemporaneous with the death of Arwen. This would retain the significance of Tolkien's differing descriptions of Galadriel and Celeborn's absences from Lórien at the time of Arwen's brief sojourn there. This also means Celeborn was long gone from the circles of the world by the time of Findegil's writing, respecting the metatextual implications of the comment in the ''Note''.

{{references|note}}

Lothlórien

2024-08-21T06:00:17Z

Mord:

{{disambig-more|Lórien|[[Lórien (disambiguation)]]}}
{{disambig-more|Lothlórien|[[Lothlórien (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Lothlórien
| image=J.R.R. Tolkien - The Forest of Lothlorien in Spring.jpg
| caption="The Forest of Lothlorien in Spring" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun={{respell|loth|loor|ee-en}}
| othernames=Lórien, [[Lórinand]], Lindórinand, [[Dwimordene]], Laurelindórenan, Hidden Land, Golden Wood
| location=East of [[Misty Mountains]] on both sides of the [[Celebrant]]<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref>
| type=Forest
| description=Golden wood with [[mallorn]] trees
| regions=[[Naith]], [[Egladil]]
| towns=[[Caras Galadhon]], [[Cerin Amroth]]
| inhabitants=[[Galadhrim]]; [[Sindar]]in/[[Noldor]]in/[[Teler]]in leadership
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Quest of the Ring]] [[Assaults on Lothlórien]]
}}
{{quote|O Lórien! The Winter comes, the bare and leafless Day; The leaves are falling in the stream, the River flows away. O Lórien! Too long I have dwelt upon this [[Hither Shore]] And in a fading crown have twined the golden [[elanor]].|[[Galadriel's Song of Eldamar]]}}

'''Lothlórien''' was a kingdom of [[Silvan Elves]] on the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]]. It was considered one of the most beautiful and "elvish" places in [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Third Age]], and had the only [[mallorn]]-trees east of the [[Belegaer|sea]].

==History==
===First settlers===
The first inhabitants of the forested area later known as Lórien were a group of [[Nandor]] that refused to cross the [[Hithaeglir]].<ref>{{UT|6a}}</ref> These Nandor scattered across the forests of Wilderland on both sides of the [[Anduin]].<ref name=POME>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 67, p. 329</ref> The folk of Lórien were neighbours and kin to that of [[Eryn Galen]] on the east bank of the Anduin.<ref name="Sindarin">{{UT|6b}}</ref> They named the forest that lay between the mountains and the Great River, above the [[Limlight]] and below the [[Gladden River|Gladden]],<ref name=geo>{{NM|P3xvii}}</ref> as ''Lindórinand'' in their [[Silvan Elvish|Silvan tongue]].<ref name=names>{{UT|Concerning}}, Note 5</ref>

===Sindarin dynasty===
Following the destruction of [[Beleriand]] and the [[War of Wrath]], most of the [[Noldor|Noldorin]] exiles and remnants of the Sindar retreated to [[Lindon]] and many refused the invitation of The [[Valar]]. One of the unwilling was [[Amdír]].<ref name=Sindarin /> He, along with his son [[Amroth]], established himself in [[Lórinand]], where he would soon lead the princeless [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name="AaN">{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> The arrival of the Sinda [[Amdír]] affected the Nandor of Laurelindórenan. He took over as their King, while another Sinda, [[Oropher]], became King of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]. Their language was replaced by [[Sindarin]].<ref name=Sindarin />

[[Celeborn]], a Sindarin elf, dwelt with his [[Noldor]]in wife [[Galadriel]] in [[Eregion]]. They made contact with the [[Galadhrim]] and before long they passed through [[Moria]] and arrived in the woods. Before the [[Sack of Eregion|Fall of Eregion]] and the death of [[Celebrimbor]], [[Nenya]], one of the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves, was delivered to Galadriel.<ref name=Concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Other survivors of [[Eregion]], including many [[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]], escaped into [[Khazad-dûm]] and were granted passage by their friends the [[Dwarves]], coming eventually through the [[Misty Mountains]] to the woodland.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

As [[Sauron]]'s power grew over the [[Westlands]], King Amdír marshalled the Galadhrim to the [[War of the Last Alliance]] where many fell in the [[Dead Marshes]] along with their King.<ref name=Sindarin/>

The survivors, which included Amdír's son [[Amroth]], returned to Lórinand. Amroth was the new King, but he was tired of Middle-earth, and wished to go West and seek [[Valinor]]. When Moria fell to evil in {{TA|1981}}, many of the Galadhrim fled [[Edhellond|south]]. Amroth also departed with his beloved, [[Nimrodel (Elf-maid)|Nimrodel]], and they were never seen again.<ref name="AaN"/>

===Lord and Lady===
[[Image:Angus McBride - Galadriel.gif|thumb|left|''Galadriel'' by [[Angus McBride]]]]
After Amroth and Nimrodel had passed away, Celeborn and Galadriel took the title of [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]].<ref name=Concerning/> With Nenya, the land was kept pure and alive, and evil was not permitted to penetrate it. They moved back to the western side of Anduin and built [[Caras Galadhon]], the great centre of the woodland kingdom. There Galadriel planted the seeds of the [[mallorn]] trees that were given to her by Gil-galad when she lived in [[Lindon]], where they couldn't grow.<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref> Because of the golden leaves of the mellyrn and the rule of the Lord and Lady, Lindórinand was given many new names, most famously ''Lothlórien''.<ref name=names /> Lothlórien was filled with light and life and became beautiful, and by the power of the Elven Ring the trees did not die.

Under the Lord and Lady, Lothlórien prospered for more than a thousand years as time passed without decay under the golden boughs. Celeborn and Galadriel produced a daughter, [[Celebrían]], who married [[Elrond]], and their granddaughter [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] was considered the fairest of the elven race at that time.

In {{TA|3017}}, [[Aragorn]] passed by Lothlórien with the captured [[Gollum]] to deliver him to [[Mirkwood]]. [[Gandalf]] got word from Lothlórien on his way to the [[Shire]], and he changed his course to go and meet them.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
[[File:Anna Kulisz - The Fellowship in Lothlorien.jpg|thumb|''The Fellowship in Lothlorien'' by [[:Category:Images by Anna Kulisz|Anna Kulisz]]]]
But as the [[Third Age]] came to an end, troubles at last began to touch the Valley of Singing Gold. As the shadow of [[Sauron]] lengthened and the [[War of the Ring]] raged, the border-wardens came across the remnant of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], a group of travellers on a [[Quest of the Ring|quest]] of immeasurable importance. Among the company were [[Aragorn]], a prince of the [[Dúnedain]] and a friend of the Lady, as well as [[Legolas]] of [[Mirkwood]]. The only reservation the border-wardens had about them was the dwarf, [[Gimli]].<ref name=loth>{{FR|II6}}</ref> The Fellowship were led blindfolded for a time, but at Galadriel's word their blindfolds were released and they were taken to Caras Galadhon on [[17 January]] {{TA|3019}}.<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}</ref> The very night the Fellowship arrived, a band of [[Orcs]] crossed the [[Nimrodel (river)|Nimrodel]]. A regiment or so of the [[Galadhrim]] were sent out, and destroyed the Orcs.<ref name=loth/>

There the Elves learned of the death of [[Gandalf]], and Galadriel knew what [[The One Ring|evil]] had been brought into the Golden Wood. She revealed her own ring to Frodo, and showed him her [[Mirror of Galadriel|mirror]].<ref>{{FR|II7}}</ref> Then the Fellowship was furnished with new supplies and sent off down Anduin, bearing the [[Gifts of Galadriel|gifts]] of the Lord and Lady.<ref>{{FR|II8}}</ref>

Right when the Company left, [[Gwaihir]] brought [[Gandalf]] to the Golden Wood, who was recovering from his battle with [[Durin's Bane]]. He was healed, clothed and given a new staff before leaving for [[Fangorn]].<ref>{{TT|White}}</ref>

But the coming of [[The One Ring]] was only the beginning of their troubles that were the heralds of greater conflicts that were to occur. [[Sauron]] unleashed [[assaults on Lothlórien|massive attacks]] on the Golden Wood.

On [[11 March]], forces from [[Dol Guldur]] swarmed into the forest in a full-scale assault. By the power of the Wood-elves and Galadriel’s ring, they were repulsed. The second wave came on [[15 March]], at the same time as the [[Battle under the trees|invasion of Mirkwood]]. Again, the enemies were forced out. The third and last attack was made seven days later, on [[22 March]]. They caused much destruction on the wood's borders, but the valiant Galadhrim routed them utterly. And after the [[Shadow]] of Sauron was lifted, they stormed [[Dol Guldur]] and cleansed [[Mirkwood]]; [[Thranduil]] gave its southern part into the dominion of Lothlórien, and it was called [[East Lórien]].<ref name=Great/>

On their way to [[Gondor]], [[Elrond]] and [[Arwen]] came to Lothlórien on [[20 May]].<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref>

===Afterward===
[[File:War in Middle Earth - Lothlórien.png|thumb|right|Lothlórien in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'']]
Only two-and-a-half years after the War of the Ring, Galadriel, the Lady of Lórien, took ship West to Valinor.

The eastern border of Lothlórien in the southern [[Eryn Lasgalen]] became [[East Lórien]]. It was founded after the cleansing of [[Dol Guldur]] during the [[War of the Ring]], and [[Celeborn]] ruled the [[Galadhrim]] of Lothlórien. In the [[Fourth Age]], he grew weary and left for [[Rivendell]], leaving the wooded land of East Lórien populated by only a few wandering [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name="Great"/>

In {{FoA|121}}, a grief-filled [[Arwen Undómiel]] travelled to Lothlórien, now fully abandoned, after [[Aragorn]] surrendered his life, surrendering her own life upon [[Cerin Amroth]]. "[T]here is her green grave, until the world is changed, and all the days of her life are utterly forgotten..."<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

==Geography==
Lothlórien stood between the south-eastern end of the Misty Mountains and the great river Anduin. The river Celebrant ran through the wood from its source in the mountains to the west through to the Anduin to the east.

In its earlier days, the woods of Lothlórien extended south into Fangorn Forest. In these days there was no true border between the two territories, though after conversation between [[Treebeard]] and the King of the Golden Wood it was agreed that the inhabitants of either land could walk freely at their leisure across whatever borders there may be.<ref name="Galadriel"/> It is also possible that the woods of Lórien extended into the southern regions of Greenwood the Great, though there is only a small amount of evidence supporting this possibility.<ref name="Galadriel"/> By the Third Age, Lórien was separate from Fangorn in the south and Mirkwood in the east by many miles.

==Locations==
*[[Caras Galadhon]]
*[[Cerin Amroth]]

==Etymology==
''Lothlórien'', said to mean "Lórien of the Blossom", is a compound of [[Sindarin]] ''[[loth]]'' + [[Quenya]] ''[[Lórien (Valinor)|Lórien]]'' ("?Dream Land"). Treebeard translates the name as "Dreamflower".<ref name=HMRC>{{HM|UI}}, p. 300</ref>

==Other names==
Lothlórien was often shortened to '''Lórien''', or the '''Golden Wood''' (referring to the golden [[mallorn]] trees that grew in that land).<ref name=HMRC/><ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 48</ref> Other names recorded for the region were:

* ''Lindórinand'', ?[[Nandorin|N.]] "Vale of the Land of the Singers"<ref name=names />
* ''[[Lórinand]]'', ?N. "Valley of gold"<ref name=names />
* ''Laurenandë'', [[Quenya|Q.]] "Valley of gold"<ref name=names />
* ''Glornan'', [[Sindarin|S.]] "Valley of gold"<ref name=names />
* ''Nan Laur'', S. "Valley of gold"<ref name=names />
* ''Laurelindórenan'', Q. "Valley of Singing Gold"
* ''Dwimordene'', [[Old English]] "Haunted valley"<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Dwimordene"</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the drafts of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Tolkien was unsure whether time of the outside world "froze" while the Fellowship stayed in Lórien, changing his mind twice; according to the first scheme the Fellowship had left Lórien and passed [[Sarn Gebir]] already on [[21 January]]. Eventually he decided that time passes normally, and had to adjust the dates and the routes of the characters, later changing their departure to [[14 February]] and eventually [[16 February]] (taking into account the full moon of [[7 March]]).<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xlvi, xlvii</ref> In the published book, the characters instead have lost their subjective sense of time after leaving Lórien.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Lórien is one of the several battlegrounds in this game. The trees are just normal trees.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Lórien was portrayed as a golden wood filled with sunshine during the day and Caras Galadhon as a city of moonshine and stary blue lanterns at night.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:After defeating the Balrog, the Fellowship enters Lothlórien. There are no missions; stepping towards a ladder triggers the [[Mirror of Galadriel]]-scene and continues the game.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:In the Good Campaign, Lothlórien (along with the Fellowship) is attacked by several waves of [[orcs]] and [[trolls]]. The area is full of treasures, which form the only income needed to make elven archers.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Lothlorien map.jpg|thumb|Map of Lothlórien from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''.]]
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''
:Similar to ''The Battle for Middle-earth'', a skirmish takes place after Fellowship's arrival in Lothlórien. Player's goal during the mission is to protect two mallorn trees from attacks for a certain period of time.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Lothlórien makes appearance as a Battleground in both "Evil" campaign and skirmish model. The layout of the map drastically differs from the ones in the game-predecessor.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Lothlórien is one of major regions of the game, added following the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'' expansion. It is inhabited by over a hundred of non-playable characters, who are involved in hundreds of various quests. The map shows the major landmarks of the area: The [[Mirrormere]], rivers [[Anduin]], [[Nimrodel]] and [[Celebrant]], [[Cerin Amroth]] and [[Caras Galadhon]].

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Lothlórien is not part of the regular story mode, but becomes available as a challenge mission once the player clears Chapter 1 (Fornost). The player may earn experience by defeating waves after waves of enemies that invade the Golden Wood.

'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Lothlórien appears both as a playable are on the map and as part of the Bonus Level that depicts all of Middle-Earth in small scale. Modelled on the film trilogy, it includes several quests as well as the characters Galadriel, Celeborn, Haldir and Lothlórien Elf.

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lothlorien}}
[[Category:Forests]]
[[Category:Lothlórien| ]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Lothlórien]]
[[fi:Lothlórien]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/forets/rhovanion/lothlorien]]

Galadhrim

2024-08-21T05:59:17Z

Mord: remove unreferenced statements about FA migrations

{{rewrite}}
{{people infobox
| name=Galadhrim
| image = Rebecca Guay - Galadhrim.jpg
| caption="Galadhrim" by Rebecca Guay
| pronun={{respell|gal|ath|rim}}
[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ga'laðrim]}}
| othernames=Elves of Lórien, Elves of Lórinand, Tree-people
| origin=[[Silvan Elves]] of [[Lothlórien]]
| location=[[Lothlórien]], [[East Lórien]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Silvan Elvish]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Haldir]], [[Rúmil (Elf of Lórien)|Rúmil]], [[Orophin]], [[Amdír]], [[Amroth]], [[Nimrodel]], [[Mithrellas]], [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Galadhrim''' or the '''Tree-people''' were [[Elves]], mostly [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] in origin but also of [[Nandorin]] and [[Avarin]] descent, that inhabited the woods of [[Lothlórien]].

==History==
Those among the [[Teleri|Telerin Elves]] who abandoned the [[Great Journey]] of the [[Eldar]] on the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains]] became known as the [[Nandor]]. Many of these settled permanently in the forests to either side of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and they grew in number throughout the First Age.<ref name=POME>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 67, p. 329</ref> The folk of Lórien on the west bank of the [[Anduin]] were neighbours and kin to that of [[Eryn Galen]] on the east bank.<ref name="Sindarin">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

===Second Age===
Following the destruction of [[Beleriand]] and the [[War of Wrath]], most of the [[Noldor]]in exiles and remnants of the Sindar retreated to [[Lindon]]. The [[Valar]] invited these Elves to [[Aman]], but [[Amdír]], among many others, was unwilling and remained in Lindon.<ref name="Sindarin">{{UT|6b}}</ref> Amdír, along with his son [[Amroth]], established himself in [[Lórinand]], where he would lead the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name="AaN">{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> He took over as their King, while another Sinda, [[Oropher]], became King of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].<ref name="Sindarin">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

During the [[Sack of Eregion]], Amroth led a force of Galadhrim, who together with [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] attacked [[Sauron]]'s force from the rear, saving [[Elrond]]. Survivors of [[Eregion]], including many [[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]], escaped into [[Khazad-dûm]] and were granted passage by their friends the [[Dwarves]], coming eventually through the [[Misty Mountains|Mountains]] to the woodlands that would long afterwards be called [[Lórien]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

Galadriel and Celeborn departed from Imladris and went to the little-inhabited lands between the mouth of the [[Gwathló]] and [[Ethir Anduin]].<ref name="Galadriel" /> There they dwelt in Belfalas, at [[Edhellond]],<ref name="Galadriel" /> near the place that was afterwards called [[Dol Amroth]]; and their company was swelled by [[Silvan Elves]] from Lórinand.<ref name="Galadriel" />

Under his leadership the people of Lórien prospered and their numbers grew. Amdír led an army of Galadhrim to the [[War of the Last Alliance]], where most of them, including Amdír himself, were slain in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]].

===[[Third Age]]===
The Galadhrim were now ruled by [[Amroth]] the son of Amdír. Around {{TA|1409}}, some Galadhrim passed over the [[Misty Mountains]] to join forces with [[Rivendell]] under [[Elrond]] against [[Angmar]]. Along with assistance with the [[Elves of Lindon]], they were successful in subduing the witch-kingdom for some time.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Around {{TA|1980}} with the freeing of [[Durin's Bane|the Balrog]] in [[Moria]] many of the Galadhrim fled south to [[Edhellond]] and sailed over Sea to [[Valinor]]. Amroth grew weary of [[Middle-earth]] and wished to sail. But he drowned in the [[Bay of Belfalas]].<ref name="AaN" /><ref name="ta">{{App|TA}}</ref>

In her wisdom [[Galadriel]] saw that Lórien would be a stronghold and a point of power to prevent the shadow from crossing the Anduin, for the Galadhrim were hardy and valiant. But they needed a ruler of greater strength and wisdom than they possessed. That is why Galadriel and [[Celeborn]] took up their permanent abode in Lórien and its government. Under the leadership of Galadriel and Celeborn the Galadhrim prospered and their skill grew.

During the [[War of the Ring]] the valour of the Galadhrim (with the power of Galadriel) defended their home against [[orcs]], who [[assaults on Lothlórien|attacked their woods]] and made destructions on its border; soon after [[Sauron]] met his demise and the Galadhrim with many boats crossed the [[Anduin]] to [[Fall of Dol Guldur|attack]] [[Dol Guldur]].
===[[Fourth Age]]===
After the departure over Sea of Galadriel, and of Celeborn to [[Imladris]], only few of the Galadhrim remained in Lothlórien; many might have moved to [[East Lórien]] in [[Greenwood]] where the Silvan Elves remained untroubled by the early [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>

==Culture==
The Galadhrim prospered and were instructed under their Sindarin rulers, and afterwards by [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim|their Lord and Lady]]. They became proficient in making [[Lembas]], [[Elven rope]], Elven-cloaks and many other crafts. They lived in [[telain]] built in the trees.

They spoke [[Silvan Elvish]], and a dialect of Sindarin, with an "accent".<ref>{{App|Elves}}</ref> Some, like [[Haldir]], but not all, could speak [[Westron]].

==Etymology==
''Galadhrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Tree-people". The name consists of ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree") + ''[[rim|rim(b)]]'' ("great number").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 50</ref> See also LotR (50th) p. 341.

In the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''Galadhrim'' was spelt ''Galadrim''. In later editions, this was emended to the former, which [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] had decided was the correct Sindarin form.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 305</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Silvan Elves]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Galadhrim]]
[[fi:Galadhrim]]

Lothlórien

2024-08-21T05:48:11Z

Mord: remove unreferenced statements about migrations; cleaned up documentation of alternate names; fixed refs

{{disambig-more|Lórien|[[Lórien (disambiguation)]]}}
{{disambig-more|Lothlórien|[[Lothlórien (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Lothlórien
| image=J.R.R. Tolkien - The Forest of Lothlorien in Spring.jpg
| caption="The Forest of Lothlorien in Spring" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun={{respell|loth|loor|ee-en}}
| othernames=Lórien, [[Lórinand]], Lindórinand, [[Dwimordene]], Laurelindórenan, Hidden Land, Golden Wood
| location=East of [[Misty Mountains]] on both sides of the [[Celebrant]]<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref>
| type=Forest
| description=Golden wood with [[mallorn]] trees
| regions=[[Naith]], [[Egladil]]
| towns=[[Caras Galadhon]], [[Cerin Amroth]]
| inhabitants=[[Galadhrim]]; [[Sindar]]in/[[Noldor]]in/[[Teler]]in leadership
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Quest of the Ring]] [[Assaults on Lothlórien]]
}}
{{quote|O Lórien! The Winter comes, the bare and leafless Day; The leaves are falling in the stream, the River flows away. O Lórien! Too long I have dwelt upon this [[Hither Shore]] And in a fading crown have twined the golden [[elanor]].|[[Galadriel's Song of Eldamar]]}}

'''Lothlórien''' was a kingdom of [[Silvan Elves]] on the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]]. It was considered one of the most beautiful and "elvish" places in [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Third Age]], and had the only [[mallorn]]-trees east of the [[Belegaer|sea]].

==History==
===First settlers===
The first inhabitants of the forested area later known as Lórien were a group of [[Nandor]] that refused to cross the [[Hithaeglir]].<ref>{{UT|6a}}</ref> These Nandor scattered across the forests of Wilderland on both sides of the [[Anduin]].<ref name=POME>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 67, p. 329</ref> The folk of Lórien were neighbours and kin to those of [[Eryn Galen]] on the east bank the Anduin.<ref name="Sindarin">{{UT|6b}}</ref> They named the forest that lay between the mountains and the Anduin, above the [[Limlight]] and below the [[Gladden River|Gladden]],<ref name=geo>{{NM|P3xvii}}</ref> as ''Lindórinand'' in their [[Silvan Elvish|Silvan tongue]].<ref name=names>{{UT|Concerning}}, Note 5</ref>

===Sindarin dynasty===
Following the destruction of [[Beleriand]] and the [[War of Wrath]], most of the [[Noldor|Noldorin]] exiles and remnants of the Sindar retreated to [[Lindon]] and many refused the invitation of The [[Valar]]. One of the unwilling was [[Amdír]].<ref name=Sindarin /> He, along with his son [[Amroth]], established himself in [[Lórinand]], where he would soon lead the princeless [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name="AaN">{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> The arrival of the Sinda [[Amdír]] affected the Nandor of Laurelindórenan. He took over as their King, while another Sinda, [[Oropher]], became King of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]. Their language was replaced by [[Sindarin]].<ref name=Sindarin />

[[Celeborn]], a Sindarin elf, dwelt with his [[Noldor]]in wife [[Galadriel]] in [[Eregion]]. They made contact with the [[Galadhrim]] and before long they passed through [[Moria]] and arrived in the woods. Before the [[Sack of Eregion|Fall of Eregion]] and the death of [[Celebrimbor]], [[Nenya]], one of the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves, was delivered to Galadriel.<ref name=Concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Other survivors of [[Eregion]], including many [[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]], escaped into [[Khazad-dûm]] and were granted passage by their friends the [[Dwarves]], coming eventually through the [[Misty Mountains]] to the woodland.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

As [[Sauron]]'s power grew over the [[Westlands]], King Amdír marshalled the Galadhrim to the [[War of the Last Alliance]] where many fell in the [[Dead Marshes]] along with their King.<ref name=Sindarin/>

The survivors, which included Amdír's son [[Amroth]], returned to Lórinand. Amroth was the new King, but he was tired of Middle-earth, and wished to go West and seek [[Valinor]]. When Moria fell to evil in {{TA|1981}}, many of the Galadhrim fled [[Edhellond|south]]. Amroth also departed with his beloved, [[Nimrodel (Elf-maid)|Nimrodel]], and they were never seen again.<ref name="AaN"/>

===Lord and Lady===
[[Image:Angus McBride - Galadriel.gif|thumb|left|''Galadriel'' by [[Angus McBride]]]]
After Amroth and Nimrodel had passed away, Celeborn and Galadriel took the title of [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]].<ref name=Concerning/> With Nenya, the land was kept pure and alive, and evil was not permitted to penetrate it. They moved back to the western side of Anduin and built [[Caras Galadhon]], the great centre of the woodland kingdom. There Galadriel planted the seeds of the [[mallorn]] trees that were given to her by Gil-galad when she lived in [[Lindon]], where they couldn't grow.<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref> Because of the golden leaves of the mellyrn and the rule of the Lord and Lady, Lindórinand was given many new names, most famously ''Lothlórien''.<ref name=names /> Lothlórien was filled with light and life and became beautiful, and by the power of the Elven Ring the trees did not die.

Under the Lord and Lady, Lothlórien prospered for more than a thousand years as time passed without decay under the golden boughs. Celeborn and Galadriel produced a daughter, [[Celebrían]], who married [[Elrond]], and their granddaughter [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] was considered the fairest of the elven race at that time.

In {{TA|3017}}, [[Aragorn]] passed by Lothlórien with the captured [[Gollum]] to deliver him to [[Mirkwood]]. [[Gandalf]] got word from Lothlórien on his way to the [[Shire]], and he changed his course to go and meet them.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
[[File:Anna Kulisz - The Fellowship in Lothlorien.jpg|thumb|''The Fellowship in Lothlorien'' by [[:Category:Images by Anna Kulisz|Anna Kulisz]]]]
But as the [[Third Age]] came to an end, troubles at last began to touch the Valley of Singing Gold. As the shadow of [[Sauron]] lengthened and the [[War of the Ring]] raged, the border-wardens came across the remnant of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], a group of travellers on a [[Quest of the Ring|quest]] of immeasurable importance. Among the company were [[Aragorn]], a prince of the [[Dúnedain]] and a friend of the Lady, as well as [[Legolas]] of [[Mirkwood]]. The only reservation the border-wardens had about them was the dwarf, [[Gimli]].<ref name=loth>{{FR|II6}}</ref> The Fellowship were led blindfolded for a time, but at Galadriel's word their blindfolds were released and they were taken to Caras Galadhon on [[17 January]] {{TA|3019}}.<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}</ref> The very night the Fellowship arrived, a band of [[Orcs]] crossed the [[Nimrodel (river)|Nimrodel]]. A regiment or so of the [[Galadhrim]] were sent out, and destroyed the Orcs.<ref name=loth/>

There the Elves learned of the death of [[Gandalf]], and Galadriel knew what [[The One Ring|evil]] had been brought into the Golden Wood. She revealed her own ring to Frodo, and showed him her [[Mirror of Galadriel|mirror]].<ref>{{FR|II7}}</ref> Then the Fellowship was furnished with new supplies and sent off down Anduin, bearing the [[Gifts of Galadriel|gifts]] of the Lord and Lady.<ref>{{FR|II8}}</ref>

Right when the Company left, [[Gwaihir]] brought [[Gandalf]] to the Golden Wood, who was recovering from his battle with [[Durin's Bane]]. He was healed, clothed and given a new staff before leaving for [[Fangorn]].<ref>{{TT|White}}</ref>

But the coming of [[The One Ring]] was only the beginning of their troubles that were the heralds of greater conflicts that were to occur. [[Sauron]] unleashed [[assaults on Lothlórien|massive attacks]] on the Golden Wood.

On [[11 March]], forces from [[Dol Guldur]] swarmed into the forest in a full-scale assault. By the power of the Wood-elves and Galadriel’s ring, they were repulsed. The second wave came on [[15 March]], at the same time as the [[Battle under the trees|invasion of Mirkwood]]. Again, the enemies were forced out. The third and last attack was made seven days later, on [[22 March]]. They caused much destruction on the wood's borders, but the valiant Galadhrim routed them utterly. And after the [[Shadow]] of Sauron was lifted, they stormed [[Dol Guldur]] and cleansed [[Mirkwood]]; [[Thranduil]] gave its southern part into the dominion of Lothlórien, and it was called [[East Lórien]].<ref name=Great/>

On their way to [[Gondor]], [[Elrond]] and [[Arwen]] came to Lothlórien on [[20 May]].<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref>

===Afterward===
[[File:War in Middle Earth - Lothlórien.png|thumb|right|Lothlórien in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'']]
Only two-and-a-half years after the War of the Ring, Galadriel, the Lady of Lórien, took ship West to Valinor.

The eastern border of Lothlórien in the southern [[Eryn Lasgalen]] became [[East Lórien]]. It was founded after the cleansing of [[Dol Guldur]] during the [[War of the Ring]], and [[Celeborn]] ruled the [[Galadhrim]] of Lothlórien. In the [[Fourth Age]], he grew weary and left for [[Rivendell]], leaving the wooded land of East Lórien populated by only a few wandering [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name="Great"/>

In {{FoA|121}}, a grief-filled [[Arwen Undómiel]] travelled to Lothlórien, now fully abandoned, after [[Aragorn]] surrendered his life, surrendering her own life upon [[Cerin Amroth]]. "[T]here is her green grave, until the world is changed, and all the days of her life are utterly forgotten..."<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

==Geography==
Lothlórien stood between the south-eastern end of the Misty Mountains and the great river Anduin. The river Celebrant ran through the wood from its source in the mountains to the west through to the Anduin to the east.

In its earlier days, the woods of Lothlórien extended south into Fangorn Forest. In these days there was no true border between the two territories, though after conversation between [[Treebeard]] and the King of the Golden Wood it was agreed that the inhabitants of either land could walk freely at their leisure across whatever borders there may be.<ref name="Galadriel"/> It is also possible that the woods of Lórien extended into the southern regions of Greenwood the Great, though there is only a small amount of evidence supporting this possibility.<ref name="Galadriel"/> By the Third Age, Lórien was separate from Fangorn in the south and Mirkwood in the east by many miles.

==Locations==
*[[Caras Galadhon]]
*[[Cerin Amroth]]

==Etymology==
''Lothlórien'', said to mean "Lórien of the Blossom", is a compound of [[Sindarin]] ''[[loth]]'' + [[Quenya]] ''[[Lórien (Valinor)|Lórien]]'' ("?Dream Land"). Treebeard translates the name as "Dreamflower".<ref name=HMRC>{{HM|UI}}, p. 300</ref>

==Other names==
Lothlórien was often shortened to '''Lórien''', or the '''Golden Wood''' (referring to the golden [[mallorn]] trees that grew in that land).<ref name=HMRC/><ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 48</ref> Other names recorded for the region were:

* ''Lindórinand'', ?[[Nandorin|N.]] "Vale of the Land of the Singers"<ref name=names />
* ''[[Lórinand]]'', ?N. "Valley of gold"<ref name=names />
* ''Laurenandë'', [[Quenya|Q.]] "Valley of gold"<ref name=names />
* ''Glornan'', [[Sindarin|S.]] "Valley of gold"<ref name=names />
* ''Nan Laur'', S. "Valley of gold"<ref name=names />
* ''Laurelindórenan'', Q. "Valley of Singing Gold"
* ''Dwimordene'', [[Old English]] "Haunted valley"<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Dwimordene"</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the drafts of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Tolkien was unsure whether time of the outside world "froze" while the Fellowship stayed in Lórien, changing his mind twice; according to the first scheme the Fellowship had left Lórien and passed [[Sarn Gebir]] already on [[21 January]]. Eventually he decided that time passes normally, and had to adjust the dates and the routes of the characters, later changing their departure to [[14 February]] and eventually [[16 February]] (taking into account the full moon of [[7 March]]).<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xlvi, xlvii</ref> In the published book, the characters instead have lost their subjective sense of time after leaving Lórien.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Lórien is one of the several battlegrounds in this game. The trees are just normal trees.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Lórien was portrayed as a golden wood filled with sunshine during the day and Caras Galadhon as a city of moonshine and stary blue lanterns at night.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:After defeating the Balrog, the Fellowship enters Lothlórien. There are no missions; stepping towards a ladder triggers the [[Mirror of Galadriel]]-scene and continues the game.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:In the Good Campaign, Lothlórien (along with the Fellowship) is attacked by several waves of [[orcs]] and [[trolls]]. The area is full of treasures, which form the only income needed to make elven archers.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Lothlorien map.jpg|thumb|Map of Lothlórien from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''.]]
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''
:Similar to ''The Battle for Middle-earth'', a skirmish takes place after Fellowship's arrival in Lothlórien. Player's goal during the mission is to protect two mallorn trees from attacks for a certain period of time.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Lothlórien makes appearance as a Battleground in both "Evil" campaign and skirmish model. The layout of the map drastically differs from the ones in the game-predecessor.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Lothlórien is one of major regions of the game, added following the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'' expansion. It is inhabited by over a hundred of non-playable characters, who are involved in hundreds of various quests. The map shows the major landmarks of the area: The [[Mirrormere]], rivers [[Anduin]], [[Nimrodel]] and [[Celebrant]], [[Cerin Amroth]] and [[Caras Galadhon]].

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Lothlórien is not part of the regular story mode, but becomes available as a challenge mission once the player clears Chapter 1 (Fornost). The player may earn experience by defeating waves after waves of enemies that invade the Golden Wood.

'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Lothlórien appears both as a playable are on the map and as part of the Bonus Level that depicts all of Middle-Earth in small scale. Modelled on the film trilogy, it includes several quests as well as the characters Galadriel, Celeborn, Haldir and Lothlórien Elf.

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lothlorien}}
[[Category:Forests]]
[[Category:Lothlórien| ]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Lothlórien]]
[[fi:Lothlórien]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/forets/rhovanion/lothlorien]]

Astrid Lindgren

2024-08-13T14:18:36Z

Mord: Address deletion

{{delete}}

{{person infobox
| image=Astrid Lindgren.jpg
| name=Astrid Lindgren
| born=[[14 November]] [[1907]]
| died=[[28 January]] [[2002]]
| education=
| occupation=Author / Screenwriter
| location=Sweden
| website=
}}
'''Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren''' ([[14 November]] [[1907]] – [[28 January]] [[2002]]) was a Swedish author and screenwriter.

Lindgren wrote three children's books in the genre of fantasy: ''[[Mio, min Mio]]'' (1954; ''Mio, my Son''), ''Bröderna Lejonhjärta'' (1973; ''The Brothers Lionheart''), and ''Ronja Rövardotter'' (1981; ''Ronia the Robber's Daughter''). The first two novels might be caracterized as stories of fantasy reminiscent of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', where the heroes return home after a perilous adventure. And the latter, ''Ronia the Robber's Daughter'', has been described as a work reminding of the genre [[wikipedia:High fantasy|High fantasy]].<ref>Johan Sandberg, "[http://tolkiensarda.se/new/nummer/magsidor/arttre9.htm Svensk fantasy svälter]" ("Swedish Fantasy is Starving") in ''[[Tolkiens Arda]]'', issue 14, 2003.</ref>

In the late 1940s, when [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s ''The Hobbit'' was translated to Swedish as ''[[Hompen]]'', Lindgren was responsible for the department of Children's literature at Rabén & Sjögren (the publishers of the translation).<ref name=Lena>The committee for the Astrid Lindgren Society ([http://www.astridlindgren.se/ Astrid Lindgren-sällskapet]), through Lena Törnqvist (librarian and responsible for the Astrid Lindgren Archive at the [[wikipedia:National Library of Sweden|National Library of Sweden]]); private correspondance as of 6 August 2010</ref>

However, apparently the works of Tolkien did not have a direct influence on Lindgren's own works. While she has been attributed saying that Tolkien had a great impact on her work,<ref>[[Lars-Terje Lysemose]], "On the founding of Imladris", in ''[[Athelas (journal)|Athelas]]'' (the English annual), 1994.</ref> other informed sources claim that Lindgren in several interviews denied any influence by Tolkien and that she had not even read ''The Lord of the Rings''.<ref name=Lena/>

==External links==
*{{WP|Astrid Lindgren}}
*[http://mythoi.tolkienindex.net/#post1 Astrid Lindgren and Tove Jansson about ''The Hobbit''] by [[Morgan Thomsen]]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lindgren, Astrid}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:Swedish people]]

Talk:Astrid Lindgren

2024-08-13T14:02:59Z

Mord: Proposed delete

I'm investigating where Lindgren said that Tolkien "had a great impact on her work" (only using a secondary source right now). I have written to the Swedish Astrid Lindgren Society, hoping for an answer. --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 23:42, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

I fail to see any connection between Lindgren and Tolkien, and why this article should exist. The question whether she was inspired by the Hobbit or whether she has read LotR doesn't make her notable. She seems to have ''some'' connection to [[Tove Jansson]], but these references could move to Jansson's article instead. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 05:46, 4 September 2019 (UTC)

:I, as so often is the case, agree with Sage (as well sourced as the article may be). --{{User:Mith/sig}} 20:33, 5 September 2019 (UTC)

I think we should delete this article and photo. No relevance to Tolkien. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 14:02, 13 August 2024 (UTC)

Indis

2024-07-23T01:21:50Z

Mord: typo

__NOTOC__
{{infobox character
| people=[[Vanyar|Vanya]]
| name=Indis
| image=Shyangell - Queen Indis.jpg
| caption="Queen Indis" by [[:Category:Images by Shyangell|Shyangell]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈindis]}}
| othernames=''The Fair''
| position=Queen of the Noldor
| location=[[Cuiviénen]][[Indis#Daughter of Ingwë|NB]] Foothills of [[Taniquetil]] [[Tirion]]
| language=[[Vanyarin]] & [[Quenya]]
| birth=Before {{YT|1105}}[[Indis#Daughter of Ingwë|NB]]
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]][[Indis#Daughter of Ingwë|NB]]
| family=[[Ingwë]]
| spouse=[[Finwë]]
| children=[[Findis]] [[Fingolfin]] [[Írimë]] [[Finarfin]]
| gender=Female
| height=Tall<ref name=Feanor>{{S|Feanor}}</ref>
| hair=Golden<ref name=Feanor/>
}}

<center>{{Quote|I have joined the people of the Ñoldor, and I will speak as they do.|''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]"}}</center>

'''Indis''' was a [[Vanyar|Vanya]], the second wife of [[Finwë]]. She was renowned for her swiftness of foot as well as her skill at singing.<ref name=Later>{{MR|P3II4}}, §23-27 pp. 261-2</ref>

== History ==
=== Early history ===
Indis was born at [[Cuiviénen]] before the [[Great March]] of the [[Eldar]] to [[Aman]].<ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, pp. 127/8 & 142</ref> She was close kin to [[Ingwë]], King of the [[Vanyar]] (see [[#Other versions of the legendarium|below]]).

=== Indis in Aman ===
At some point while the Noldor and Vanyar dwelt together in [[Tirion]], her heart turned towards Finwë, though he was wed to [[Míriel Þerindë]]. When Ingwë and the Vanyar left Tirion to dwell in the plains of [[Valinor]], Indis accompanied them and stayed near Ingwë's house on the western slopes of [[Taniquetil]]. During this time, Indis often wandered the fields of Valinor alone, singing.<ref name=Later/>

After the birth of [[Fëanor]], Míriel chose to die and refused to be reembodied or healed, leaving her husband Finwë in an unfair widowhood. Ingwë, seeing Finwë's grief, invited him to leave Tirion and dwell in the light of the Trees for a season, to bring him some distance from the memories of his loss. Initially Finwë declined this invitation, but later thought better of it and departed Tirion for the house of Ingwë. In his journey along the paths of the Mountain, Finwë chanced to encounter Indis; in that moment his heart turned towards her, and they recognized their mutual love.<ref name=Later/>

{{blockquote|When Indis saw Finwë climbing the paths of the Mountain, and the light of [[Laurelin]] was behind him as a glory, without forethought she sang suddenly in great joy, and her voice went up as a song of the ''lirulin''<ref group="note">The lark.</ref> in the sky. Then Finwë heard that song falling from above, and he looked up and saw Indis in the golden light, and he knew in that moment that she loved him and had long done so. Then his heart turned at last to her; and he believed that this chance, as it seemed, had been granted for the comfort of them both. 'Behold!' he said. 'There is indeed healing of grief in Aman!'| [[Morgoth's Ring]], "Later versions of the Story of Finwë and Míriel", §26 p. 262}}

With the [[Statute of Finwë and Míriel]], [[Manwë]] allowed Finwë to take a second wife and Indis thus became the stepmother to [[Fëanor]]. Indis bore four children to Finwë: [[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]], and [[Finarfin]]. Fëanor never became close with his stepmother or half-siblings, and dwelt apart from them as soon as he was of age to do so.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|P3II3f}}, pp. 238-9</ref>

The unrest in the House of Finwë – and among the Noldor in general – was exacerbated by a seemingly trivial linguistic matter. The [[Quenya]] spoken by all three kindreds of the Eldar at the time of their arrival in Aman included the letter and sound ''þ''. The Vanyar and [[Falmari]] retained this, but at some point after the departure of the Vanyar from Tirion, the Noldor had chosen to exchange ''þ'' for ''s'' in both writing and speech. This change would have turned Míriel's mother-name "Þerindë" into "Serindë," but Míriel herself desired that her name continue to be spoken and written with ''þ''.<ref name=Serinde>{{PM|XI2}}, p. 333-6</ref>

As long as Míriel lived – and while he retained hope that she might return from death – Finwë himself retained ''þ'' in his speech in deference to Míriel. However, after her conclusive refusal to return to life, Finwë also adopted the change to ''s''. By this time, the shift was nearly universal among the Noldor – except by Fëanor, who closely identified ''þ'' with his late mother.<ref name=Serinde/>

When Indis wed Finwë, she ceased the use of ''þ'', which was part of her native [[Vanyarin]] dialect, and adopted ''s'' out of loyalty to her husband and to show her loyalty to her new people, the Noldor. However, Fëanor believed she did so in belittlement of his late mother, and thus made ''þ'' into a dire personal and political matter. He demanded that his House and all his true supporters use ''þ''; his opponents (and alienated former supporters) therefore became all the more committed to ''s''. This became yet another source and symptom of unrest among the fractious Noldor.<ref name=Serinde/>

In {{YT|1490}}, tensions between Fëanor and Indis' children boiled over. In a quarrel, Fëanor drew a sword against his eldest half-brother [[Fingolfin]], and for this crime was exiled from Tirion by edict of the Valar. Finwë accompanied his eldest son into exile, leaving behind his wife Indis and his other children. Fëanor's wife [[Nerdanel]] declined to go into exile with her husband, instead remaining in Tirion to dwell with Indis.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, pp. 278-9</ref>

After the slaying of Finwë and [[Darkening of Valinor]], Indis and Findis left Tirion and returned to [[Valinor]] to live among the Vanyar.<ref name=Descendants>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 343</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Indis'' is [[Quenya]] for "Great or Valiant Woman,"<ref name=Descendants/> but it is also glossed as "wife, bride."<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "NDIS", "NETH"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
This family tree is meant to depict an ambiguous familial relationship between Indis and Ingwë. See [[#Other version of the legendarium|below]] for details.
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | IMI |v| IME | | | | | | |IMI=[[Imin]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''|IME=[[Iminyë]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |-|v|-| FIN |v| IND | | ING | | | | | | |MÍR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND='''INDIS''' ''b. {{YT}}''|ING=[[Ingwë]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | FËA | | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
=== Other uses of the name "Indis" ===
The name "Indis" first appears in ''[[The Annals of Aman]]'' (c. [[1950]]-[[1951|1]]) in reference to the only wife of Finwë.<ref name=AAm3>{{MR|P2h}}, Notes 3 and 5, p. 87}}</ref> When Tolkien first revisited the ''[[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|Quenta Silmarillion]]'' c. 1951, he discarded the name "Indis" entirely, with the wife of Finwë being named "Míriel."<ref name=LQ1>{{MR|P3I6}}, §46b, p. 185}}</ref>

Following the publication of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Tolkien returned to the matter of the First Age and began the work of "remoulding" the existing texts with a view towards publication. This began with ''The Earliest Version of the Story of Finwë and Míriel'' (c. [[1958]]).<ref>{{MR|P3II9a}}, ''Note on Dating'', p. 300</ref> In this tale, the name "Indis" was given to a new character, "Indis of the Vanyar," the second wife of Finwë.<ref name =>{{MR|P3II2}}, p. 207</ref> This Indis would also appear in the essay ''Laws and Customs among the Eldar''<ref>{{MR|Laws}}, p.237</ref> and subsequent revisions to ''Finwë and Míriel''<ref name=Later/> that were developed in connection with the "second phase" drafts of the [[Later Quenta Silmarillion|Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']] (all c. 1958). References to this new Indis were also inserted into the text of ''The Annals of Aman'' during this period.<ref name=AAm4>{{MR|P2k}}, Notes 4, p. 101}}</ref>

=== Relation to Ingwë ===
==== Sister of Ingwë ====
In the Later ''Quenta'' second phase material in which she first appears (see above), Indis is consistently identified as the sister of Ingwë. In several of these written and typed drafts, Tolkien initially wrote "close kin" but emended this to "sister."

==== Daughter of Ingwë ====
In c. [[1959]]-[[1960|60]], Tolkien became interested in the subject of the Elves' increase in numbers from the first Elves of the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] and drafted a series of generational schemes exploring the time periods involved. In two of these schemes Indis is identified as the daughter of Ingwë, rather than his sister.

In the first scheme, Indis was born at [[Cuiviénen]] to Ingwë and his wife [[Ilwen]] before [[Oromë]] discovered the [[Elves]]. In this scheme she also had an older brother, [[Ingwil]], as well as an unnamed younger sibling.<ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, pp. 127-8</ref>

In the second scheme, she was likewise born at Cuiviénen before the Elves were discovered by Oromë. However, in this scheme her mother is not mentioned, and she was the ''eldest'' child of Ingwë with her younger sibling being born just before the start of the [[Great March]].<ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 142</ref>

An entry in the ''Words, Phrases and Passages'' (c. late '50s) published in ''[[Parma Eldalamberon 17]]'' also identifies Fingolfin's mother as "the daughter of Ingwi."<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 39</ref> Elsewhere in that text, "Ingwi" is defined as the "people of Ingwë".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 154</ref>

==== Niece of Ingwë ====
Tolkien revisited the subject of Indis' parentage for the last time in the essay ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'' (c. [[1968]]), in which Indis is identified as "Indis of the House of Ingwë."<ref>{{PM|Case}}, p. 334</ref> In a contemporary excursus, ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' as an appendix to the ''Shibboleth'', Tolkien stated that Indis "is said to have been the daughter of King Ingwë's sister.<ref name=Descendants/>

==== Unspecified descendant of Ingwë ====
In a note on the above excursus, Tolkien stated that in the person of [[Eldarion]] "the lines of all the Three Kings of the High Elves (Eldar), Ingwë, Finwë, and Olwë and Elwë were united and alone preserved in Middle-earth." In an editorial comment on this note, Christopher Tolkien noted the apparent absence of direct descent from Ingwë to Eldarion, stating "It is hard to know what my father had in mind when he wrote the opening of this note."<ref>{{PM|XINotes}}, Note 53, pp. 364-5</ref>

=== Fifth child ===
The Later ''Quenta'' second phase material names a fifth child of Finwë and Indis, [[Faniel]], who is not included in the list of Indis' chldren in the ''Shibboleth'' or ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. Two positions in the birth order are attested for Faniel: in ''Laws and Customs''<ref name=Laws/> and the second draft of ''Finwë and Míriel'',<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, Note 10, p. 265</ref> Faniel is the third child and [[Írimë]] is the fifth child. In the fourth and final revision of ''Finwë and Míriel'', Faniel is the fifth child and Írimë (here named "Finvain") is the third.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, author's footnote, p. 262</ref>

{{references|note}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indis}}

[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Ingwë]]
[[Category:Minyar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[de:Indis]]
[[fi:Indis]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/indis]]

Indis

2024-07-23T01:21:12Z

Mord: housekeeping

__NOTOC__
{{infobox character
| people=[[Vanyar|Vanya]]
| name=Indis
| image=Shyangell - Queen Indis.jpg
| caption="Queen Indis" by [[:Category:Images by Shyangell|Shyangell]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈindis]}}
| othernames=''The Fair''
| position=Queen of the Noldor
| location=[[Cuiviénen]][[Indis#Daughter of Ingwë|NB]] Foothills of [[Taniquetil]] [[Tirion]]
| language=[[Vanyarin]] & [[Quenya]]
| birth=Before {{YT|1105}}[[Indis#Daughter of Ingwë|NB]]
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]][[Indis#Daughter of Ingwë|NB]]
| family=[[Ingwë]]
| spouse=[[Finwë]]
| children=[[Findis]] [[Fingolfin]] [[Írimë]] [[Finarfin]]
| gender=Female
| height=Tall<ref name=Feanor>{{S|Feanor}}</ref>
| hair=Golden<ref name=Feanor/>
}}

<center>{{Quote|I have joined the people of the Ñoldor, and I will speak as they do.|''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]"}}</center>

'''Indis''' was a [[Vanyar|Vanya]], the second wife of [[Finwë]]. She was renowned for her swiftness of foot as well as her skill at singing.<ref name=Later>{{MR|P3II4}}, §23-27 pp. 261-2</ref>

== History ==
=== Early history ===
Indis was born at [[Cuiviénen]] before the [[Great March]] of the [[Eldar]] to [[Aman]].<ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, pp. 127/8 & 142</ref> She was close kin to [[Ingwë]], King of the [[Vanyar]] (see [[#Other versions of the legendarium|below]]).

=== Indis in Aman ===
At some point while the Noldor and Vanyar dwelt together in [[Tirion]], her heart turned towards Finwë, though he was wed to [[Míriel Þerindë]]. When Ingwë and the Vanyar left Tirion to dwell in the plains of [[Valinor]], Indis accompanied them and stayed near Ingwë's house on the western slopes of [[Taniquetil]]. During this time, Indis often wandered the fields of Valinor alone, singing.<ref name=Later/>

After the birth of [[Fëanor]], Míriel chose to die and refused to be reembodied or healed, leaving her husband Finwë in an unfair widowhood. Ingwë, seeing Finwë's grief, invited him to leave Tirion and dwell in the light of the Trees for a season, to bring him some distance from the memories of his loss. Initially Finwë declined this invitation, but later thought better of it and departed Tirion for the house of Ingwë. In his journey along the paths of the Mountain, Finwë chanced to encounter Indis; in that moment his heart turned towards her, and they recognized their mutual love.<ref name=Later/>

{{blockquote|When Indis saw Finwë climbing the paths of the Mountain, and the light of [[Laurelin]] was behind him as a glory, without forethought she sang suddenly in great joy, and her voice went up as a song of the ''lirulin''<ref group="note">The lark.</ref> in the sky. Then Finwë heard that song falling from above, and he looked up and saw Indis in the golden light, and he knew in that moment that she loved him and had long done so. Then his heart turned at last to her; and he believed that this chance, as it seemed, had been granted for the comfort of them both. 'Behold!' he said. 'There is indeed healing of grief in Aman!'| [[Morgoth's Ring]], "Later versions of the Story of Finwë and Míriel", §26 p. 262}}

With the [[Statute of Finwë and Míriel]], [[Manwë]] allowed Finwë to take a second wife and Indis thus became the stepmother to [[Fëanor]]. Indis bore four children to Finwë: [[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]], and [[Finarfin]]. Fëanor never became close with his stepmother or half-siblings, and dwelt apart from them as soon as he was of age to do so.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|P3II3f}}, pp. 238-9</ref>

The unrest in the House of Finwë – and among the Noldor in general – was exacerbated by a seemingly trivial linguistic matter. The [[Quenya]] spoken by all three kindreds of the Eldar at the time of their arrival in Aman included the letter and sound ''þ''. The Vanyar and [[Falmari]] retained this, but at some point after the departure of the Vanyar from Tirion, the Noldor had chosen to exchange ''þ'' for ''s'' in both writing and speech. This change would have turned Míriel's mother-name "Þerindë" into "Serindë," but Míriel herself desired that her name continue to be spoken and written with ''þ''.<ref name=Serinde>{{PM|XI2}}, p. 333-6</ref>

As long as Míriel lived – and while he retained hope that she might return from death – Finwë himself retained ''þ'' in his speech in deference to Míriel. However, after her conclusive refusal to return to life, Finwë also adopted the change to ''s''. By this time, the shift was nearly universal among the Noldor – except by Fëanor, who closely identified ''þ'' with his late mother.<ref name=Serinde/>

When Indis wed Finwë, she ceased the use of ''þ'', which was part of her native [[Vanyarin]] dialect, and adopted ''s'' out of loyalty to her husband and to show her loyalty to her new people, the Noldor. However, Fëanor believed she did so in belittlement of his late mother, and thus made ''þ'' into a dire personal and political matter. He demanded that his House and all his true supporters use ''þ''; his opponents (and alienated former supporters) therefore became all the more committed to ''s''. This became yet another source and symptom of unrest among the fractious Noldor.<ref name=Serinde/>

In {{YT|1490}}, tensions between Fëanor and Indis' children boiled over. In a quarrel, Fëanor drew a sword against his eldest half-brother [[Fingolfin]], and for this crime was exiled from Tirion by edict of the Valar. Finwë accompanied his eldest son into exile, leaving behind his wife Indis and his other children. Fëanor's wife [[Nerdanel]] declined to go into exile with her husband, instead remaining in Tirion to dwell with Indis.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, pp. 278-9</ref>

After the slaying of Finwë and [[Darkening of Valinor]], Indis and Findis left Tirion and returned to [[Valinor]] to live among the Vanyar.<ref name=Descendants>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 343</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Indis'' is [[Quenya]] for "Great or Valiant Woman,"<ref name=Descendants/> but it is also glossed as "wife, bride."<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "NDIS", "NETH"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
This family tree is meant to depict an ambiguous familial relationship between Indis and Ingwë. See [[#Other version of the legendarium|below]] for details.
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | IMI |v| IME | | | | | | |IMI=[[Imin]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''|IME=[[Iminyë]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |-|v|-| FIN |v| IND | | ING | | | | | | |MÍR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND='''INDIS''' ''b. {{YT}}''|ING=[[Ingwë]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | FËA | | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
=== Other uses of the name "Indis" ===
The name "Indis" first appears in ''[[The Annals of Aman]]'' (c. [[1950]]-[[1951|1]]) in reference to the only wife of Finwë.<ref name=AAm3>{{MR|P2h}}, Notes 3 and 5, p. 87}}</ref> When Tolkien first revisited the ''[[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|Quenta Silmarillion]]'' c. 1951, he discarded the name "Indis" entirely, with the wife of Finwë being named "Míriel."<ref name=LQ1>{{MR|P3I6}}, §46b, p. 185}}</ref>

Following the publication of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Tolkien returned to the matter of the First Age and began the work of "remoulding" the existing texts with a view towards publication. This began with ''The Earliest Version of the Story of Finwë and Míriel'' (c. [[1958]]).<ref>{{MR|P3II9a}}, ''Note on Dating'', p. 300</ref> In this tale, the name "Indis" was given to a new character, "Indis of the Vanyar," the second wife of Finwë.<ref name =>{{MR|P3II2}}, p. 207</ref> This Indis would also appear in the essay ''Laws and Customs among the Eldar''<ref>{{MR|Laws}}, p.237</ref> and subsequent revisions to ''Finwë and Míriel''<ref name=Later/> that were developed in connection with the "second phase" drafts of the [[Later Quenta Silmarillion|Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']] (all c. 1958). References to this new Indis were also inserted into the text of ''The Annals of Aman'' during this period.<ref name=AAm4>{{MR|P2k}}, Notes 4, p. 101}}</ref>

=== Relation to Ingwë ===
==== Sister of Ingwë ====
In the Later ''Quenta'' second phase material in which she first appears (see above), Indis is consistently identified as the sister of Ingwë. In several of these written and typed drafts, Tolkien initially wrote "close kin" but emended ths to "sister."

==== Daughter of Ingwë ====
In c. [[1959]]-[[1960|60]], Tolkien became interested in the subject of the Elves' increase in numbers from the first Elves of the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] and drafted a series of generational schemes exploring the time periods involved. In two of these schemes Indis is identified as the daughter of Ingwë, rather than his sister.

In the first scheme, Indis was born at [[Cuiviénen]] to Ingwë and his wife [[Ilwen]] before [[Oromë]] discovered the [[Elves]]. In this scheme she also had an older brother, [[Ingwil]], as well as an unnamed younger sibling.<ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, pp. 127-8</ref>

In the second scheme, she was likewise born at Cuiviénen before the Elves were discovered by Oromë. However, in this scheme her mother is not mentioned, and she was the ''eldest'' child of Ingwë with her younger sibling being born just before the start of the [[Great March]].<ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 142</ref>

An entry in the ''Words, Phrases and Passages'' (c. late '50s) published in ''[[Parma Eldalamberon 17]]'' also identifies Fingolfin's mother as "the daughter of Ingwi."<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 39</ref> Elsewhere in that text, "Ingwi" is defined as the "people of Ingwë".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 154</ref>

==== Niece of Ingwë ====
Tolkien revisited the subject of Indis' parentage for the last time in the essay ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'' (c. [[1968]]), in which Indis is identified as "Indis of the House of Ingwë."<ref>{{PM|Case}}, p. 334</ref> In a contemporary excursus, ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' as an appendix to the ''Shibboleth'', Tolkien stated that Indis "is said to have been the daughter of King Ingwë's sister.<ref name=Descendants/>

==== Unspecified descendant of Ingwë ====
In a note on the above excursus, Tolkien stated that in the person of [[Eldarion]] "the lines of all the Three Kings of the High Elves (Eldar), Ingwë, Finwë, and Olwë and Elwë were united and alone preserved in Middle-earth." In an editorial comment on this note, Christopher Tolkien noted the apparent absence of direct descent from Ingwë to Eldarion, stating "It is hard to know what my father had in mind when he wrote the opening of this note."<ref>{{PM|XINotes}}, Note 53, pp. 364-5</ref>

=== Fifth child ===
The Later ''Quenta'' second phase material names a fifth child of Finwë and Indis, [[Faniel]], who is not included in the list of Indis' chldren in the ''Shibboleth'' or ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. Two positions in the birth order are attested for Faniel: in ''Laws and Customs''<ref name=Laws/> and the second draft of ''Finwë and Míriel'',<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, Note 10, p. 265</ref> Faniel is the third child and [[Írimë]] is the fifth child. In the fourth and final revision of ''Finwë and Míriel'', Faniel is the fifth child and Írimë (here named "Finvain") is the third.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, author's footnote, p. 262</ref>

{{references|note}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indis}}

[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Ingwë]]
[[Category:Minyar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[de:Indis]]
[[fi:Indis]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/indis]]

Indis

2024-07-22T08:11:52Z

Mord: /* Fifth child */ published Silm

__NOTOC__
{{infobox character
| people=[[Vanyar|Vanya]]
| name=Indis
| image=Shyangell - Queen Indis.jpg
| caption="Queen Indis" by [[:Category:Images by Shyangell|Shyangell]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈindis]}}
| othernames=The Fair
| titles=Queen of the Noldor
| location=[[Tirion]]
| language=[[Vanyarin]], [[Quenya]]
| family = [[Ingwë]]
| spouse=[[Finwë]]
| children=[[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]], and [[Finarfin]]
| gender=Female
| height=Tall<ref name=Feanor>{{S|Feanor}}</ref>
| hair=Golden<ref name=Feanor/>
}}
'''Indis''' was a [[Vanyar|Vanya]], the second wife of [[Finwë]]. She was renowned for her swiftness of foot as well as her skill at singing.<ref name=Later>{{MR|P3II4}}, §23-27 pp. 261-2</ref>

== History ==
Indis was close kin to [[Ingwë]], King of the [[Vanyar]] (see [[#Other versions of the legendarium|below]]). At some point while the Noldor and Vanyar dwelt together in [[Tirion]], her heart turned towards Finwë, though he was wed to [[Míriel Þerindë]]. When Ingwë and the Vanyar left Tirion to dwell in the plains of [[Valinor]], Indis accompanied them and stayed near Ingwë's house on the western slopes of [[Taniquetil]]. During this time, Indis often wandered the fields of Valinor alone, singing.<ref name=Later/>

After the birth of [[Fëanor]], Míriel chose to die and refused to be reembodied or healed, leaving her husband Finwë in an unfair widowhood. Ingwë, seeing Finwë's grief, invited him to leave Tirion and dwell in the light of the Trees for a season, to bring him some distance from the memories of his loss. Initially Finwë declined this invitation, but later thought better of it and departed Tirion for the house of Ingwë. In his journey along the paths of the Mountain, Finwë chanced to encounter Indis; in that moment his heart turned towards her, and they recognized their mutual love.<ref name=Later/>

{{blockquote|When Indis saw Finwë climbing the paths of the Mountain, and the light of [[Laurelin]] was behind him as a glory, without forethought she sang suddenly in great joy, and her voice went up as a song of the ''lirulin''<ref group="note">The lark.</ref> in the sky. Then Finwë heard that song falling from above, and he looked up and saw Indis in the golden light, and he knew in that moment that she loved him and had long done so. Then his heart turned at last to her; and he believed that this chance, as it seemed, had been granted for the comfort of them both. 'Behold!' he said. 'There is indeed healing of grief in Aman!'| [[Morgoth's Ring]], "Later versions of the Story of Finwë and Míriel", §26 p. 262}}

With the [[Statute of Finwë and Míriel]], [[Manwë]] allowed Finwë to take a second wife and Indis thus became the stepmother to [[Fëanor]]. Indis bore four children to Finwë: [[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]], and [[Finarfin]]. Fëanor never became close with his stepmother or half-siblings, and dwelt apart from them as soon as he was of age to do so.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|P3II3f}}, pp. 238-9</ref>

Fëanor was dismayed to observe Indis' influence over his father, including on his speech, which started to resemble [[Vanyarin|that of the Vanyar]]. In the speech of the Noldor, Míriel's mother-name was pronounced "Þerindë," but in the speech of the Vanyar, it was pronounced "Serindë." Finwë himself began to shift his pronunciation from "Þ" to "s," but Fëanor never did so, and considered the shift to be gravely disrespectful to his late mother.<ref name=Case>{{PM|XI2}}, p. 336</ref>

In {{YT|1490}}, tensions between Fëanor and Indis' children boiled over. In a quarrel, Fëanor drew a sword against his eldest half-brother [[Fingolfin]], and for this crime was exiled from Tirion by edict of the Valar. Finwë accompanied his eldest son into exile, leaving behind his wife Indis and his other children. Fëanor's wife [[Nerdanel]] declined to go into exile with her husband, instead remaining in Tirion to dwell with Indis.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, pp. 278-9</ref>

After the slaying of Finwë and [[Darkening of Valinor]], Indis and Findis left Tirion and returned to [[Valinor]] to live among the Vanyar.<ref name=Descendants>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 343</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Indis'' is [[Quenya]] for "Great or Valiant Woman,"<ref name=Descendants/> but it is also glossed as "wife, bride."<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "NDIS", "NETH"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
This family tree is meant to depict an ambiguous familial relationship between Indis and Ingwë. See [[#Other version of the legendarium|below]] for details.
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | IMI |v| IME | | | | | | |IMI=[[Imin]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''|IME=[[Iminyë]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |-|v|-| FIN |v| IND | | ING | | | | | | |MÍR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND='''INDIS''' ''b. {{YT}}''|ING=[[Ingwë]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | FËA | | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
=== Other uses of the name "Indis" ===
The name "Indis" first appears in ''[[The Annals of Aman]]'' (c. 1950-1) in reference to the only wife of Finwë.<ref name=AAm3>{{MR|P2h}}, Notes 3 and 5, p. 87}}</ref> When Tolkien first revisited the ''[[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|Quenta Silmarillion]]'' around 1951, he discarded the name "Indis" entirely, with the wife of Finwë being named "Míriel."<ref name=LQ1>{{MR|P3I6}}, §46b, p. 185}}</ref>

Following the publication of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Tolkien returned to the matter of the First Age and began the work of "remoulding" the existing texts with a view towards publication. This began with ''The Earliest Version of the Story of Finwë and Míriel'' (c. 1958).<ref>{{MR|P3II9a}}, ''Note on Dating'', p. 300</ref> In this tale, the name "Indis" was given to a new character, "Indis of the Vanyar," the second wife of Finwë.<ref name =>{{MR|P3II2}}, p. 207</ref> This Indis would also appear in the essay ''Laws and Customs among the Eldar''<ref>{{MR|Laws}}, p.237</ref> and subsequent revisions to ''Finwë and Míriel''<ref name=Later/> that were developed in connection with the "second phase" drafts of the [[Later Quenta Silmarillion|Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']] (all c. 1958). References to this new Indis were also inserted into the text of ''The Annals of Aman'' during this period.<ref name=AAm4>{{MR|P2k}}, Notes 4, p. 101}}</ref>

=== Relation to Ingwë ===
In the Later ''Quenta'' second phase material in which she first appears (see above), Indis is consistently identified as the sister of Ingwë, though in several drafts, an initially written or typed "close kin" was emended to "sister."

In 1959, Tolkien became interested in the subject of the Elves' increase in numbers from the first Elves of the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] and drafted a series of generational schemes exploring the time periods involved. In two of these schemes Indis is identified as the daughter of Ingwë, rather than his sister, and her birthplace is given as [[Cuiviénen]].<ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, Schemes 2 & 7, p. 128</ref>

A note drafted c.1960 published in ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'' also identifies Fingolfin's mother as "the daughter of Ingwi."<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 39</ref>

Tolkien revisited the subject of Indis' parentage for the last time in the essay ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'' (c. 1968), in which Indis is identified as "Indis of the House of Ingwë."<ref>{{PM|Case}}, p. 334</ref> In a contemporary excursus, ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' as an appendix to the ''Shibboleth'', Tolkien stated that Indis "is said to have been the daughter of King Ingwë's sister.<ref name=Descendants/>

In a note on this excursus, Tolkien stated that in the person of [[Eldarion]] "the lines of all the Three Kings of the High Elves (Eldar), Ingwë, Finwë, and Olwë and Elwë were united and alone preserved in Middle-earth." In an editorial comment on this note, Christopher Tolkien noted the apparent absence of direct descent from Ingwë to Eldarion, stating "It is hard to know what my father had in mind when he wrote the opening of this note."<ref>{{PM|XINotes}}, Note 53, pp. 364-5</ref>

=== Fifth child ===
The Later ''Quenta'' second phase material names a fifth child of Finwë and Indis, [[Faniel]], who is not included in the list of Indis' chldren in the ''Shibboleth'' or ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. Two positions in the birth order are attested for Faniel: in ''Laws and Customs''<ref name=Laws/> and the second draft of ''Finwë and Míriel'',<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, Note 10, p. 265</ref> Faniel is the third child and [[Írimë]] is the fifth child. In the fourth and final revision of ''Finwë and Míriel'', Faniel is the fifth child and Írimë (here named "Finvain") is the third.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, author's footnote, p. 262</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indis}}

[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Ingwë]]
[[Category:Minyar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[de:Indis]]
[[fi:Indis]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/indis]]

Indis

2024-07-22T08:07:31Z

Mord: total rewrite

__NOTOC__
{{infobox character
| people=[[Vanyar|Vanya]]
| name=Indis
| image=Shyangell - Queen Indis.jpg
| caption="Queen Indis" by [[:Category:Images by Shyangell|Shyangell]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈindis]}}
| othernames=The Fair
| titles=Queen of the Noldor
| location=[[Tirion]]
| language=[[Vanyarin]], [[Quenya]]
| family = [[Ingwë]]
| spouse=[[Finwë]]
| children=[[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]], and [[Finarfin]]
| gender=Female
| height=Tall<ref name=Feanor>{{S|Feanor}}</ref>
| hair=Golden<ref name=Feanor/>
}}
'''Indis''' was a [[Vanyar|Vanya]], the second wife of [[Finwë]]. She was renowned for her swiftness of foot as well as her skill at singing.<ref name=Later>{{MR|P3II4}}, §23-27 pp. 261-2</ref>

== History ==
Indis was close kin to [[Ingwë]], King of the [[Vanyar]] (see [[#Other versions of the legendarium|below]]). At some point while the Noldor and Vanyar dwelt together in [[Tirion]], her heart turned towards Finwë, though he was wed to [[Míriel Þerindë]]. When Ingwë and the Vanyar left Tirion to dwell in the plains of [[Valinor]], Indis accompanied them and stayed near Ingwë's house on the western slopes of [[Taniquetil]]. During this time, Indis often wandered the fields of Valinor alone, singing.<ref name=Later/>

After the birth of [[Fëanor]], Míriel chose to die and refused to be reembodied or healed, leaving her husband Finwë in an unfair widowhood. Ingwë, seeing Finwë's grief, invited him to leave Tirion and dwell in the light of the Trees for a season, to bring him some distance from the memories of his loss. Initially Finwë declined this invitation, but later thought better of it and departed Tirion for the house of Ingwë. In his journey along the paths of the Mountain, Finwë chanced to encounter Indis; in that moment his heart turned towards her, and they recognized their mutual love.<ref name=Later/>

{{blockquote|When Indis saw Finwë climbing the paths of the Mountain, and the light of [[Laurelin]] was behind him as a glory, without forethought she sang suddenly in great joy, and her voice went up as a song of the ''lirulin''<ref group="note">The lark.</ref> in the sky. Then Finwë heard that song falling from above, and he looked up and saw Indis in the golden light, and he knew in that moment that she loved him and had long done so. Then his heart turned at last to her; and he believed that this chance, as it seemed, had been granted for the comfort of them both. 'Behold!' he said. 'There is indeed healing of grief in Aman!'| [[Morgoth's Ring]], "Later versions of the Story of Finwë and Míriel", §26 p. 262}}

With the [[Statute of Finwë and Míriel]], [[Manwë]] allowed Finwë to take a second wife and Indis thus became the stepmother to [[Fëanor]]. Indis bore four children to Finwë: [[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]], and [[Finarfin]]. Fëanor never became close with his stepmother or half-siblings, and dwelt apart from them as soon as he was of age to do so.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|P3II3f}}, pp. 238-9</ref>

Fëanor was dismayed to observe Indis' influence over his father, including on his speech, which started to resemble [[Vanyarin|that of the Vanyar]]. In the speech of the Noldor, Míriel's mother-name was pronounced "Þerindë," but in the speech of the Vanyar, it was pronounced "Serindë." Finwë himself began to shift his pronunciation from "Þ" to "s," but Fëanor never did so, and considered the shift to be gravely disrespectful to his late mother.<ref name=Case>{{PM|XI2}}, p. 336</ref>

In {{YT|1490}}, tensions between Fëanor and Indis' children boiled over. In a quarrel, Fëanor drew a sword against his eldest half-brother [[Fingolfin]], and for this crime was exiled from Tirion by edict of the Valar. Finwë accompanied his eldest son into exile, leaving behind his wife Indis and his other children. Fëanor's wife [[Nerdanel]] declined to go into exile with her husband, instead remaining in Tirion to dwell with Indis.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, pp. 278-9</ref>

After the slaying of Finwë and [[Darkening of Valinor]], Indis and Findis left Tirion and returned to [[Valinor]] to live among the Vanyar.<ref name=Descendants>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 343</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Indis'' is [[Quenya]] for "Great or Valiant Woman,"<ref name=Descendants/> but it is also glossed as "wife, bride."<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "NDIS", "NETH"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
This family tree is meant to depict an ambiguous familial relationship between Indis and Ingwë. See [[#Other version of the legendarium|below]] for details.
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | IMI |v| IME | | | | | | |IMI=[[Imin]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''|IME=[[Iminyë]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |-|v|-| FIN |v| IND | | ING | | | | | | |MÍR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND='''INDIS''' ''b. {{YT}}''|ING=[[Ingwë]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | FËA | | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
=== Other uses of the name "Indis" ===
The name "Indis" first appears in ''[[The Annals of Aman]]'' (c. 1950-1) in reference to the only wife of Finwë.<ref name=AAm3>{{MR|P2h}}, Notes 3 and 5, p. 87}}</ref> When Tolkien first revisited the ''[[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|Quenta Silmarillion]]'' around 1951, he discarded the name "Indis" entirely, with the wife of Finwë being named "Míriel."<ref name=LQ1>{{MR|P3I6}}, §46b, p. 185}}</ref>

Following the publication of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Tolkien returned to the matter of the First Age and began the work of "remoulding" the existing texts with a view towards publication. This began with ''The Earliest Version of the Story of Finwë and Míriel'' (c. 1958).<ref>{{MR|P3II9a}}, ''Note on Dating'', p. 300</ref> In this tale, the name "Indis" was given to a new character, "Indis of the Vanyar," the second wife of Finwë.<ref name =>{{MR|P3II2}}, p. 207</ref> This Indis would also appear in the essay ''Laws and Customs among the Eldar''<ref>{{MR|Laws}}, p.237</ref> and subsequent revisions to ''Finwë and Míriel''<ref name=Later/> that were developed in connection with the "second phase" drafts of the [[Later Quenta Silmarillion|Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']] (all c. 1958). References to this new Indis were also inserted into the text of ''The Annals of Aman'' during this period.<ref name=AAm4>{{MR|P2k}}, Notes 4, p. 101}}</ref>

=== Relation to Ingwë ===
In the Later ''Quenta'' second phase material in which she first appears (see above), Indis is consistently identified as the sister of Ingwë, though in several drafts, an initially written or typed "close kin" was emended to "sister."

In 1959, Tolkien became interested in the subject of the Elves' increase in numbers from the first Elves of the [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]] and drafted a series of generational schemes exploring the time periods involved. In two of these schemes Indis is identified as the daughter of Ingwë, rather than his sister, and her birthplace is given as [[Cuiviénen]].<ref>{{NM|P1xvii}}, Schemes 2 & 7, p. 128</ref>

A note drafted c.1960 published in ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'' also identifies Fingolfin's mother as "the daughter of Ingwi."<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 39</ref>

Tolkien revisited the subject of Indis' parentage for the last time in the essay ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'' (c. 1968), in which Indis is identified as "Indis of the House of Ingwë."<ref>{{PM|Case}}, p. 334</ref> In a contemporary excursus, ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' as an appendix to the ''Shibboleth'', Tolkien stated that Indis "is said to have been the daughter of King Ingwë's sister.<ref name=Descendants/>

In a note on this excursus, Tolkien stated that in the person of [[Eldarion]] "the lines of all the Three Kings of the High Elves (Eldar), Ingwë, Finwë, and Olwë and Elwë were united and alone preserved in Middle-earth." In an editorial comment on this note, Christopher Tolkien noted the apparent absence of direct descent from Ingwë to Eldarion, stating "It is hard to know what my father had in mind when he wrote the opening of this note."<ref>{{PM|XINotes}}, Note 53, pp. 364-5</ref>

=== Fifth child ===
The Later ''Quenta'' second phase material names a fifth child of Finwë and Indis, [[Faniel]], who is not included in the list of Indis' chldren in the later ''Shibboleth''. Two positions in the birth order are attested for Faniel: in ''Laws and Customs''<ref name=Laws/> and the second draft of ''Finwë and Míriel'',<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, Note 10, p. 265</ref> Faniel is the third child and [[Írimë]] is the fifth child. In the fourth and final revision of ''Finwë and Míriel'', Faniel is the fifth child and Írimë (here named "Finvain") is the third.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, author's footnote, p. 262</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indis}}

[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Ingwë]]
[[Category:Minyar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[de:Indis]]
[[fi:Indis]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/indis]]

Dior

2024-07-18T05:33:39Z

Mord: twins

{{disambig-two|the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]|[[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]]|[[Dior (Steward of Gondor)]]}}
{{infobox character
| name=Dior
| people=[[Half-elven|Half-elf]]
| image=Jenny Dolfen - Descendants of Thingol 2.jpg
| caption="Descendants of Thingol" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Aranel'', ''Eluchíl'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=Thingol's Heir, [[King of Doriath]], [[Peredhel]]
| position=
| location=[[Ossiriand]], [[Doriath]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Doriathrin]]
| birth={{FA|470}}
| birthlocation=[[Tol Galen]]
| rule={{FA|503}} - {{FA|506|n}}
| death={{FA|506}}
| deathlocation=[[Menegroth]], [[Second Kinslaying]]
| age=36
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Bëor]]
| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, half-[[Elves|Elf]]/half-[[Maia]] mother
| parentage=[[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]
| children=[[Eluréd]] & [[Elurín]] ([[twins]]) [[Elwing]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Presumably [[Aranrúth]]<ref name="NumenorUT">{{UT|3}}, note 2</ref>
| steed=
}}
{{Quote|He appeared as the fairest of all the children of the world, of threefold race: of the [[Edain]], and of the [[Eldar]], and of the [[Maiar]] of the Blessed Realm.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Ruin of Doriath]]"}}

'''Dior''' was the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]], and the grandson and heir to the throne of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], [[King of Doriath]]. Dior was the first of the [[Peredhil]].<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 348</ref><ref>{{PM|Ros}}, p. 369</ref>

==History==
Dior was born on the island of [[Tol Galen]] in [[East Beleriand]].<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref> When he was 27, he married [[Nimloth of Doriath]],<ref group=note>[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth's]] parentage is uncertain. She may have been the daughter of [[Galathil]], grandson of [[Elmo]], younger brother of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]. This would make Nimloth and Dior second cousins once removed.</ref> and took her back to live by the [[Lanthir Lamath]] waterfall at the base of the [[Blue Mountains]]. There, they had three children: [[Elwing]], [[Eluréd]], and [[Elurín]].

After [[Thingol]] was slain by the [[Dwarves]] who coveted the [[Nauglamír]], Dior with his father and a host of [[Green-elves]] of [[Ossiriand]] journeyed swiftly north to the river [[Ascar]] and fought the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] in the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]].<ref name=Doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

In {{FA|503}}, he and his family went to [[Menegroth]] and restored the realm of [[Doriath]]. After the death of his parents, a lord of the [[Laiquendi]] came to [[Doriath]] bringing the [[Nauglamír]], which was worn by his mother. After mourning, he decided to wear it himself. When he placed the [[Nauglamír]] on himself, it sat lightly and he appeared as the fairest of three living races: [[Maiar]], [[Elves]], and [[Men]]. This news came to the [[Sons of Fëanor]], who came to [[Doriath]] with their followers, consumed by the [[Oath of Fëanor]].<ref name=Doriath/>

Dior managed to kill [[Celegorm]], and [[Caranthir]] and [[Curufin]] were also slain, but the kingdom of [[Doriath]] was destroyed. Dior and Nimloth were slain during the [[Second Kinslaying]], along with anyone trying to prevent the [[Sons of Fëanor]] from gaining the [[Silmaril]].<ref name=Doriath/>

After the attack, the servants of [[Celegorm]] left [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]] in the forest to die. [[Elwing]], however, carrying the [[Nauglamír]], escaped with the remnant of the [[Iathrim|Elves of Doriath]] to the [[Havens of Sirion]].<ref name=Doriath></ref> Years later, she would wed [[Eärendil]] and together they would seek aid from [[Valinor]].<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

==Etymology==
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], the name ''Dior'' is said to mean "successor" in [[Doriathrin]]. The name derives from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''ndeuro'' ("follower, successor"), from [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NDEW]].<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 375, entry "[[NDEW]]"</ref>

==Other names==
Dior was first called '''''Aranel''''',<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref> probably [[Sindarin]] for ("Elf King"). <ref>{{HM|GS}}, p. 341</ref> Later he was called '''''Eluchíl''''' ("Heir of Elu") and '''the Fair'''.<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | THI |y| MEL | | HOB | | | |THI=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|HOB=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | |:| | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT=[[Lúthien]]|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO='''DIOR'''|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]1}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELN |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELD | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELD=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===

In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', a name of Dior was '''''[[Ausir (disambiguation)|Ausir]]''''' ([[Gnomish|Gn.]] "The Wealthy").<ref>{{LT2|V}}, pp. 240, 244, 251</ref><ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 20</ref>

===Dior's Fate===
In an older version of the ''Quenta Silmarillion'', [[Manwë]] spoke this judgment to [[Eärendil]]:
{{blockquote|To Eärendel I remit the ban, and the peril that he took upon himself out of love for the Two Kindreds shall not fall on him; neither shall it fall upon Elwing who entered into peril for love of Eärendel: save only in this: they shall not ever walk again among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. Now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them; but in this matter the power of doom is given to me.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, Quenta Silmarillion}}

[[Christopher Tolkien]] interprets it as that Dior would inherit his father's mortality, irrespective of his mother's nature and choice:<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, The Conclusion Of The Quenta Silmarillion, §9</ref>
{{blockquote|§9 It is to be observed that according to the judgement of Manwë Dior Thingol’s Heir, son of Beren, was mortal irrespective of the choice of his mother.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, The Conclusion Of The Quenta Silmarillion, §9}}

{{references|note}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=halfelf
| house=[[House of Bëor]]
| born={{FA|470}}
| died={{FA|506}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Thingol]]
| list=2nd [[King of Doriath]]
| dates={{FA|503}} – {{FA|506|n}}
| next=[[Second Kinslaying|Kingdom destroyed]]
| nvac=None
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:Ilkorin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[Category:Rulers in the Great Lands]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Dior Aranel]]
[[fi:Dior Eluchíl]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:semi-elfes:dior]]

Eärendil

2024-07-18T05:32:28Z

Mord: ampersand

{{disambig-more|Eärendil|[[Eärendil (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| image=Jenny Dolfen - Earendil the Mariner.jpg
| people=[[Half-elven|Half-elf]]
| caption="Earendil the Mariner" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| name=Eärendil
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˌe.aˈrendil]}}
| othernames=''Gaerdil'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Ardamírë'' ([[Quenya|Q]] [[Amilessë|mn]]) ''[[Azrubêl]]'' ([[Adûnaic|A]]) The Mariner, The Blessed, Bright, Halfelven
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Gondolin]], [[Havens of Sirion]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Taliska]]<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref>
| birth={{FA|503}}
| birthlocation=[[Gondolin]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Hador]]<ref group=note>Though Eärendil belonged to the House of Hador, he descended from [[House of Bëor|all]] [[House of Haleth|three]] [[House of Hador|Houses]] of the [[Edain]] as well as the [[Elves|Elven]] Houses of [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] and [[Elwë]] (Thingol).</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1, p. 323</ref>
| heritage=[[Men|Man]] father, [[Elves|Elf]] mother
| parentage=[[Tuor]] and [[Idril]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Elwing]]
| children=[[Elros]] & [[Elrond]] (twins)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Bow of dragon-horn, arrows of ebony, sword of steel in a scabbard of chalcedony<ref name="Song">{{FR|Earendil}}, p. 234</ref>
| steed=[[Vingilótë]] (ship)
}}
<center>{{quote|Eärendil was a mariner that tarried in [[Arvernien]] he built a [[Vingilótë|boat]] of timber felled in [[Nimbrethil]] to journey in...|''[[Song of Eärendil]]'' by [[Bilbo Baggins]]}}</center>
'''Eärendil the Mariner''' was one of the [[Half-elven]], and an important figure in the legends of the [[Elder Days]]. Descended from all [[Edain#The Three Houses|Three Houses]] of the [[Edain]], he was the first known person to reach [[Aman]] in the [[First Age]] after the [[Noldor]] went into [[Exile of the Noldor|exile]]. He was crucial in the [[War of Wrath]] and the patriarch of the line of the [[Kings of Númenor]] through his son [[Elros]].

== History ==
[[File:Šárka Škorpíková - Travelling South.jpg|thumb|left|''Travelling South'' by [[:Category:Images by Šárka Škorpíková|Šárka Škorpíková]]]]
The son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], daughter of King [[Turgon]], Eärendil was raised as a child in [[Gondolin]]. Eärendil was seven years old when [[Fall of Gondolin|Gondolin fell]], and narrowly escaped death at the hands of his kinsman [[Maeglin]] during the battle. He was borne out on the shoulders of Idril's house-carle [[Hendor]]. As they rested in [[Nan-tathren]], the waters of [[Ulmo]] awoke the [[sea-longing]] in both father and son.<ref>{{S|Tuor}}</ref>

He lived afterwards in [[Arvernien]] by the [[Havens of Sirion]]. Eärendil later became the leader of the people who lived there, and married [[Elwing]], daughter of [[Dior]], the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]. They had two sons, [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]].

With the aid of [[Círdan]] the Shipwright, Eärendil built a ship, ''[[Vingilótë]]'' (or ''Vingilot''), and sailed around the seas west of Middle-earth for two purposes: to seek after Tuor and Idril who did not return, and to perhaps find Aman and so bring the message of Elves and Men to the Valar in the West before he died - resulting him leaving his wife behind in Arvernien. At this time Elwing had in her possession the [[Silmaril]] that Beren had wrested from [[Morgoth]]. News of this came to the remaining sons of [[Fëanor]], and they attacked the people living in Arvernien, killing most of them. But Elwing, rather than be captured, threw herself and the Silmaril into the sea. The Silmaril was not lost, however:
[[File:Steamey - Eärendil and Elwing.jpg|thumb|left|''Eärendil and Elwing'' by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]]]
{{blockquote|For [[Ulmo]] bore up Elwing out of the waves, and he gave her the likeness of a great white bird, and upon her breast there shone as a star the Silmaril, as she flew over the water to seek Eärendil her beloved. On a time of night Eärendil at the helm of his ship saw her come towards him, as a white cloud exceeding swift beneath the moon, as a star over the sea moving in strange courses, a pale flame on wings of storm. And it is sung that she fell from the air upon the timbers of Vingilot, in a swoon, nigh unto death for the urgency of her speed, and Eärendil took her to his bosom; but in the morning with marveling eyes he beheld his wife in her own form beside him with her hair upon his face, and she slept.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Voyage of Eärendil and the War of Wrath]]"}}

Hearing of the tragedy that had befallen in Arvernien, Eärendil then sought after [[Valinor]], and he and Elwing found their way there at last. Eärendil thus became the first of all mortals to set foot in Valinor. Eärendil then went before the [[Valar]], and asked them to aid the Men and Elves in Middle-earth and fight against Morgoth; and the Valar accepted his plea.

Because Eärendil had undertaken this errand on behalf of Men and Elves, and not for his own sake, [[Manwë]] forbore to deal out the punishment of death that was due. Because both Eärendil and Elwing were descended from a union of Elves and Men, Manwë granted to them and their sons the gift to choose to which race they would be joined (a gift that was further passed to the children of Elrond, who became known as the [[Half-elven]]). Elwing chose to be one of the Elves. Eärendil would have rather been one of the Men; however, for the sake of his wife, he chose to be one of the Elves.

{{blockquote|But when all was spoken, Manwë gave judgement, and he said: 'In this matter the power of doom is given to me. The peril that he ventured for love of the Two Kindreds shall not fall upon Eärendil, nor shall it fall upon Elwing his wife, who entered into peril for love of him; but they shall not walk again ever among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. And this is my decree concerning them: to Eärendil and to Elwing, and to their sons, shall be given leave each to choose freely to which kindred their fates shall be joined, and under which kindred they shall be judged.'|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Voyage of Eärendil and the War of Wrath]]"}}

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Eärendil and the Battle of Eagles and Dragons.jpg|thumb|''Eärendil and the Battle of Eagles and Dragons'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
The Valar, having listened to Eärendil's plea, went with a mighty host to Middle-earth and overthrew Morgoth, binding him with a chain forged by the smith [[Aulë]]. Eärendil took part in the battle. His ship Vingilótë was blessed by the Valar, filled with a shining white flame, and sent to the skies. He sailed at its helm with the Silmaril bound upon his brow. Alongside [[Thorondor]] and the [[Eagles]], he slew the great dragon [[Ancalagon]] the Black and cast his body down onto [[Thangorodrim]], the event which, along with the sheer devastation caused by the [[War of Wrath]], led to the Ruin of [[Beleriand]].

==Legacy==
{{seealso|Star of Eärendil}}
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Star of Earendil.jpg|thumb|left|''The Star of Earendil'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
Eärendil lived in Valinor, and the gleaming of the Silmaril upon his brow could still be seen in the skies of the distant West as the bright Evening Star.<ref name="S24">{{S|24}}</ref> Those who remained in Middle-earth called it '''Gil-Estel''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] "Star of High Hope").

In the [[Second Age]], the descendants of the [[Edain]] followed the [[Star of Eärendil]] to reach [[Elenna]]. When [[Númenor]] fell under the [[Shadow]], [[Tar-Atanamir]] mentioned Eärendil's fate to argue about [[immortality]] to the Messengers of the [[Valar]]. The Messengers responded that his was a fate apart as a Half-elven, and he was bound to the sky, unable to return, whereas the [[Númenóreans]] demanded the liberties of both Elves and Men.<ref name=Akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

[[Bilbo Baggins]] wrote the ''[[Song of Eärendil]]''<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref> and the legend of Eärendil also inspired the poem ''[[Errantry]]''.<ref>{{AB|Preface}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Earendil.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Eärendil'' was his given [[father-name]]. ''Eärendil'' is a [[Quenya]] name, meaning "Devoted to the Sea", literally "Sea lover".<ref>{{L|211}}, answer to Question 4</ref><ref>{{L|131|18}}</ref> It is a compound of ''[[eär]]'' and ''[[-ndil]]''.<ref>{{L|297}}</ref><ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''eär'', ''(n)dil''</ref>

Tolkien used the original [[Old English]] name '''''Eärendel''''' for all drafts previous to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', and first he related it with the Elvish words ''ea'' ("eagle") and ''earen'' ("eyre"), but the exact meaning of the name remained unclear within the Legendarium until he remade the name into Quenya to ''Earendil''.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 251, entry "Eärendel"</ref>

==Other names==
The [[Sindarin]] cognate for ''Eärendil'' was '''''Gaerdil''''', with variations like ''Gaerdilion'' and ''Gaerennil''.<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, pp. 19, 27</ref> There are also experimental [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] forms, such as ''Aerendil'' and ''Aerennel'',<ref>{{PM|XI}}: Note 52</ref> as well as a direct translation: ''Seron Aearon''.<ref name=Name />

His [[mother-name]] was '''''Ardamírë''''', a prophetic name, as it means "Jewel of the World", from ''[[arda]]'' ("world") + ''[[mírë]]'' ("jewel"). Its [[Sindarin]] version was '''''Mír n'Ardhon'''''.<ref name=Name>{{PM|XI}}: ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', p. 348</ref>

''Eärendil'' was translated as '''''[[Azrubêl]]''''' in [[Adûnaic]], from ''azar'' ("sea") and the stem ''bel-''.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}, p. 373</ref>

Eärendil was known by many epithets: Half-elven,<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> [[the Blessed]],<ref>{{S|17}}</ref> Bright,<ref name="S24"/><ref name=Akallabeth /> and the Mariner.<ref name="S24"/><ref>{{S|V}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| MAR | | HAL | | BEO | | NOL |V| VAN | | | |MAR=[[Marach]] ''[[House of Hador]]''|HAL=[[Haldad]] ''[[House of Haleth]]''|BEO=[[Bëor]] ''[[House of Bëor]]''|NOL=[[Fingolfin]] ''[[Noldor]]''|VAN=[[Anairë]] ''[[Noldor]]''}}
{{familytree| |L|~|V|~|J| | | |:| | | | | |:| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | HUO |~|y|~| RIA | | | | TUR |y| ELE | |HUO=[[Huor]] ''{{FA|444}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|RIA=[[Rían]] ''{{FA|450}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|TUR=[[Turgon]] ''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|510}}''|ELE=[[Elenwë]] ''d. {{YT|1500}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | TUO |~|~|~|y|~|~|~|~| IDR | | | |TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472}}''|IDR=[[Idril]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | EAR |y| ELW | | | | | |ELW=[[Elwing]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''|EAR='''EÄRENDIL''' ''b. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | ROS | | RON | | | | | |ROS=[[Elros]] ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''|RON=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | KON | | |!| | | | | | |KON=''[[Kings of Númenor]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | LOA | | |!| | | | | | |LOA=''[[Lords of Andúnië]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | KOM | | |!| | | | | | |KOM=''[[Kings of Arnor]] & [[Kings of Gondor]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | COD | | |!| | | | | | |COD=''[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | ARA |~| ARW | | | | | |ARA=[[Aragorn]] ''{{TA|2931}} - {{FoA|120}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===Early poems===
Before conceiving any story for his [[legendarium|mythology]], [[Tolkien]] wrote some poems that dealt with Eärendel. The earliest was ''[[Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhtast]]'', which would set the foundations for ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'' as Tolkien "tried to find out" what it was about.<ref>{{B|III}}, p. 71</ref> The other poems were ''[[The Bidding of the Minstrel]]'', ''[[The Shores of Faëry]]'' and ''[[The Happy Mariners]]'', all written between [[1914]]-[[1915]].<ref name=Earendel>{{LT2|V}}</ref>{{rp|267–273}} The four poems tell in a lyric way about the coming of Eärendel to Valinor, the rising of his boat as the morning star and his everlasting travel in the edge of the world.

''The Bidding of the Minstrel'' is associated with a noted page, which outlines the travels of Eärendel to the North, visiting Island, Iceland, magic lands and seeing [[Kôr]] from afar; then he goes South, travelling through the Mediterranean or Atlantic sea, full of strange creatures. Then he travels to the western lip of the world and sails upon the sky, never coming back. ''The Shores of Faëry'' has a short preface in prose, which, as in the former text, conceives Eärendel as an old man when travelling to the firmament.<ref name=Earendel/>{{rp|261–262}}

===The Book of Lost Tales===
[[File:Mysilvergreen - Ecthelion and Earendil.jpg|thumb|''Ecthelion and Earendil'' by [[:Category:Images by Mysilvergreen|Mysilvergreen]]]]
In the earliest narrative of the legendarium in ''The Book of Lost Tales'', the birth of Eärendel is first prophesied of by [[Ulmo]] to [[Tuor]]: "''...and of a surety a child shall come of thee than whom no man shall know more of the uttermost deeps, be it of the sea or of the firmament of heaven.''"<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|155}} Years later, the wishes of the [[Valar]] were fulfilled when Eärendel was born from Tuor and [[Idril]] in [[Gondolin]]:

{{blockquote|Now this babe was of greatest beauty; his skin of a shining white and his eyes of a blue surpassing that of the sky in southern lands — bluer than the sapphires of the raiment of [[Manwë]]; and the envy of [[Meglin]] was deep at his birth, but the joy of [[Turgon]] and all the people very great indeed.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}}}}

Now Eärendel was still of tender years when the [[Fall of Gondolin]] began. The red lights of the enemy appeared in the walls of his room, which made him cry, as his nurse [[Meleth (nurse)|Meleth]] had told him dark stories about [[Melko]]. His mother Idril came and arrayed him with a tiny coat of mail, which cheered him up greatly.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|174}} When the battle had just begun at the northern part of the city, Meglin and his [[folk of the Mole]] came to the house of Tuor and seized Idril. Tuor and his [[folk of the Wing]] appeared there when Meglin was dragging Idril and Eärendel to the walls, as he wished to cast out the child while the mother saw it. Seeing that Tuor was coming, Meglin tried to stab Eärendel, but the child bit his hand and the coat turned the blade aside. After killing Meglin, Tuor gave Idril some of his men and left to battle.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|177–178}}

During the siege of Gondolin, Idril remained in the doors of her house, till she could wait no longer, so she sent most of her bodyguard down [[Idril's secret way|her secret tunnel]] with Eärendel, while she stayed there.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|187}} Later, when the [[Exiles of Gondolin]] came out of the city to the plain, Tuor saw a group of men being chased by [[wolf-riders]]: "''Lo! there is Eärendel my son; behold, his face shineth as a star in the waste...''". About Eärendel were some men of the Wing, and he was being carried by [[Hendor]], a house-carle. By the order of Tuor, they stopped running and were saved from the Orcs. The child was happy of seeing his father, who took him upon his shoulders. Later, when reunited with his mother, Eärendel refused to be carried by her, as she was clearly tired, and asked for [[Salgant]], who was a friend of them in Gondolin. But as when he asked for [[Ecthelion]] and Gondolin, his parents explained they were all fallen.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|190–191}} After a year of wanderings, the Exiles settled down in the [[Mouths of Sirion|mouth of Sirion]], and there Eärendel grew fair in the house of his father.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|196–197}}

Tolkien never finished [[the Tale of Eärendel]], which is only given in dispersed outlines. It is practically impossible to summarise them in a coherent way.

===Later versions===
In the first sketch of the ''Silmarillion'' ([[1926]]) intended to "reboot" the legendarium, Eärendel slew Ungoliant.<ref>{{SM|2}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Eärendil heraldic device (II).jpg|right|thumb|100px|One of the three heraldic devices [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] designed for Eärendil]]
While ''Eärendil'' is a [[Quenya]] name inside the [[legendarium]], Tolkien created the name based on [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] ''éarendel''. He says that he was struck by the "great beauty" of the name as early as 1913, which he perceived as "entirely coherent with the normal style of A-S, but euphonic to a peculiar degree in that pleasing but not 'delectable' language."<ref>{{L|297}}, p. 385</ref>

Tolkien was also aware of the name's Germanic cognates (Old Norse ''[[:Wikipedia:Aurvandill|Aurvandill]]'', Lombardic ''Auriwandalo''), and the question why the Anglo-Saxon one rather than the Lombardic or Proto-Germanic form should be taken up in the mythology is alluded to in ''[[The Notion Club Papers]]''.<ref>{{SD|Notion}}</ref> The [[Old Norse]] together with the Anglo-Saxon evidence point to an astronomical myth, the name referring to a star, or a group of stars, and the Anglo-Saxon in particular points to the Morning Star as the herald of the rising Sun (in ''Crist'' christianized to refer to John the Baptist).

Tolkien was particularly inspired by the lines in ''[[Wikipedia:Christ I|Christ]]'', which became the title of [[Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhtast|his first poem about Eärendel]]:

{{blockquote|éala éarendel engla beorhtast / ofer middangeard monnum sended 
"Hail Earendel, brightest of angels / sent over Middle-earth to men."}}

This first line is paralleled by [[Eönwë]] when Eärendil reaches Aman: "''Hail Eärendil, of mariners most renowned, [...] Hail Eärendil, bearer of light before the Sun and Moon!''".<ref name="S24" /> It also inpires [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s exclamation in [[Shelob's Lair]], "''[[Aiya Eärendil elenion ancalima!]]''",<ref>{{TT|IV9}}</ref> which translates as "Hail Eärendil, brightest of stars!". Frodo's exclamation was in reference to the "[[Phial of Galadriel|Star-glass]]" he carried, which contained the light of [[Star of Eärendil|Eärendil's star]], the [[Silmaril]] he wore upon his brow.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Central wharf of Armenelos.jpg|thumb|The statue of Eärendil upon the central wharf of [[Armenelos]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.]]

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 8: ''[[Adar (episode)|Adar]]'':'''
:: The central wharf within the [[Armenelos|capital city]] of [[Númenor]] is towered over by a statue of '''Eärendil the Mariner''', the [[half-elven]] saviour of [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Elder Days|War of Wrath]] and the father of [[Elros|the first king]] of Númenor.

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Earendil}}
[[de:Earendil der Seefahrer]]
[[fi:Eärendil]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:semi-elfes:earendil]]

Elrond

2024-07-18T05:31:58Z

Mord: twin note

{{infobox character
| name=Elrond
| people=[[Half-elven|Half-elf]]
| image=Tatyafinwe - Portrait of Elrond.jpg
| caption="Portrait of Elrond" by [[:Category:Images by Tatyafinwe|Tatyafinwe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Elerondo'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) ''Peredhel'' ([[Sindarin|S]], "[[Half-elven]]") Master Elrond
| titles=Lord of [[Rivendell]]
| position=Ring-bearer of [[Vilya]] Vice-regent of Eriador Herald to [[Gil-galad]]<ref name="Celeborn">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
| location=[[Mouths of Sirion]] (before {{FA|590}}) [[Lindon]] [[Rivendell]] [[Aman]] (after {{TA|3021}})
| affiliation=[[White Council]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Westron]]
| birth={{FA|532}}<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, version C of the manuscript, year changed to [>532], p. 348</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Havens of Sirion]]
| rule={{SA|1697}} - {{TA|3021}} (ruled 4765 years)
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=6520
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Hador]]<ref group=note>Though Elrond and his brother Elros belonged to the House of Hador, they descended from [[House of Bëor|all]] [[House of Haleth|three]] [[House of Hador|Houses]] of the [[Edain]] as well as the [[Elves|Elven]] Houses of [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] and [[Elwë]] (Thingol).</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1, p. 323</ref>, but preferred the [[Elwë|House of Elwë]]<ref group=note>Elrond chose the fate of the Eldar to carry on the lineages of Elwë and Turgon, but he preferred the lineage of Elwë because Elwë had not been subject to the [[Doom of Mandos]].</ref><ref>{{PM|Ros}}, p. 371; and associated Note 19 on p. 376</ref>
| heritage=[[Half-elven]] father and mother
| parentage=[[Eärendil]] (father) [[Elwing]] (mother) [[Maglor]] (foster father)
| siblings=[[Elros]] (twin brother)
| spouse=[[Celebrían]]
| children=[[Elladan]] & [[Elrohir]] ([[twins]]) [[Arwen]] [[Aragorn]] (foster son)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Dark<ref name="meetings"/>
| eyes=Grey<ref name="meetings"/>
| clothing=Grey mantle<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> Silver circlet<ref name="meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|But my memory reaches back even to the [[Elder Days]]. [[Eärendil]] was my sire, who was born in [[Gondolin]] before its [[Fall of Gondolin|fall]]; and my mother was [[Elwing]], daughter of [[Dior]], son of [[Lúthien]] of [[Doriath]]. I have seen three [[ages]] in the West of the world, and many defeats, and many fruitless victories.|Elrond in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Council of Elrond]]"}}</center>
'''Elrond''' was the [[half-elven]] son of [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]], the father of [[Arwen]], and the Lord of [[Rivendell]] who consistently fought against [[Sauron]] throughout the Second and Third Ages. He was the twin brother of [[Elros]], who later became the first king of [[Númenor]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

Having been born in [[Beleriand]] towards the end of the [[First Age]], Elrond ever opposed [[Sauron]] and strove against him throughout the [[Second Age]], helping to bring about Sauron's defeat in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] as [[Gil-galad]]'s herald. Elrond inherited Gil-galad's Elven ring [[Vilya]], and during the [[Third Age]] he fought against the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] and, as a member of the [[White Council]], expelled the Necromancer from [[Dol Guldur]] (who was Sauron in another guise). Towards the end of the Third Age, he was the foster-father to [[Aragorn]] as he had been to Arathorn before him. Aragorn went on to marry Elrond's daughter Arwen. After the destruction of [[the One Ring]], Elrond sailed west with [[Gandalf]], [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], and [[Galadriel]]; their passing marked the end of the Third Age and the beginning of the [[Fourth Age|Fourth]].

Elrond is one of the most prominent, significant and recognisable characters in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s legendarium, appearing in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''. He was critical to providing [[Thorin and Company]] with the information they needed to enter the [[Lonely Mountain]], and the [[Council of Elrond]] brought about the creation of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], which ultimately resulted in the destruction of the One Ring and the final defeat of Sauron.

==History==
===First Age===
Elros and Elrond were born in the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] during the darkest days of the First Age, when the forces of [[Morgoth]] controlled most of [[Beleriand]]. When the twins were just six years old, the [[Sons of Fëanor]], bound by their [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]], assaulted the Havens in the [[Third Kinslaying]], since they desired the [[Silmaril]] on the [[Nauglamír]] held by Elwing. Eärendil was at sea, and Elwing escaped with the Nauglamír and jumped into the sea.<ref name="Earendil"/> [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]], the only Sons of Fëanor to survive the assault upon the Havens, took Elros and Elrond as captives<ref name="Earendil"/> and abandoned them in a cave with a fall of water over the entrance instead of killing them.<ref name=L211>{{L|211}}, answer to Question 4</ref> But Maglor took pity upon Elrond and Elros and rescued them, and a mutual love grew between Maglor and the young twins afterwards.<ref name="Earendil"/> Elrond was given the name "Elf of the cavern" or "star-dome" (see [[#Etymology|Etymology]]), because Elrond was found in the cave.<ref name=L211/>
[[File:Tuuliky - Little Half-elf.jpg|thumb|left|Maglor raises Elrond. Art by [[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]]]]

Following the [[War of Wrath]], because of his Half-elven heritage, the [[Valar]] gave Elrond and his brother a choice to be counted among the kindred of Elves or Men. Elrond chose to belong to the [[Firstborn]], while Elros chose to become mortal.<ref name="Earendil"/> Elros voyaged over the sea to Númenor following the star of Eärendil;<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> whereas Elrond remained among the Elves and carried on the lineage of King [[Elwë]].<ref>{{PM|XII}}</ref> Elrond subsequently remained in [[Lindon]] with [[Gil-galad]], where he became known as a healer and lore-master.

===Second Age===
A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], emissary of the Valar, came seeking entrance to Lindon during the Second Age. Elrond and Gil-galad sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. They were correct, as proven in the later [[War of the Elves and Sauron]].
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Gil-galad sends Elrond to aid Celebrimbor.jpg|thumb|''Gil-galad sends Elrond to aid Celebrimbor'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
In {{SA|1695}}, Gil-galad sent Elrond to aid Eregion. Elrond's forces came too late and proved too small to defend Eregion. While Sauron sent most of his army west to attack Lindon, he left a strong detachment behind to contain Elrond. In [[Second Age 1697|two years]], Eregion [[Sack of Eregion|was laid waste]] and Elrond, along with the surviving Noldor, ran the risk of being overun, when [[Dwarves|Durin's folk]] of [[Khazad-dûm]] attacked Sauron's rear guard, turning Sauron's attention to these new foes. This allows Elrond and the remaining Noldor to flee far north. There, he established the stronghold of [[Rivendell|Imladris]].<ref name=UTC>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref><ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>

Many more refugees joined Elrond's host as Sauron ravaged Eriador during the course of the war. By {{SA|1700}}, Imladris, despite being [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]], was the only part of [[Eriador]] not under Sauron's control. It was liberated by [[Gil-galad]]'s and [[Tar-Minastir]]'s forces. After Sauron's defeat, a Council was held at that time, establishing that Imladris should be maintained as an Elvish stronghold, and appointing Elrond as Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, passing the Ring [[Vilya]] to him.<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref>

Elrond marched with Gil-galad and [[Elendil]] during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], serving as Gil-galad’s herald. He was present during the [[Battle of Dagorlad|last battle]] of that war, witnessing the deaths of Gil-galad and Elendil. When [[Isildur]] cut [[the One Ring]] from Sauron’s hand at the conclusion of the battle, he and [[Círdan]] advised Isildur to destroy the Ring, but Isildur refused their counsel. Elrond subsequently returned to Rivendell, which prospered in the coming years with the aid of the Ring of Air, [[Vilya]], that Elrond had received from Gil-galad.

It has been argued that, following Gil-galad’s death, Elrond had the right to become High King of the Noldor, but he never claimed the title. Indeed, after the Second Age ended, there were very few Noldor left in Middle-earth for there to be a king over.{{fact}}

===Third Age===
Following Isildur's death, Elrond received the shards of [[Narsil]], which he preserved for many years. He began his long tradition of fostering the heirs of Isildur by helping to raise Isildur's son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had been left in Rivendell during the War of the Last Alliance.

In {{TA|109}}, Elrond married [[Celebrían]], the daughter of [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]]. Their first children, the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], were born in {{TA|130|n}}, and their daughter [[Arwen]] in {{TA|241|n}}.<ref name="AppB2"/>

During the late reign of [[Arveleg I]], [[Second Siege of Imladris|Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by [[Angmar]] into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elvenfolk of Rivendell joined those of Lindon in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name="North">{{App|North}}</ref>

Centuries later, when the Northern Kingdom fell, Elrond took the other heirlooms of Arnor (the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]] and the [[Ring of Barahir]]) into his keeping, holding them for the one who would eventually be able to reclaim the throne of [[Arnor]].

Elrond, along with others of the [[Wise]], was joined by the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]], who was sent by the Valar from the West. As they decided, Gandalf invaded [[Dol Guldur]]. The Necromancer withdrew and the [[Watchful Peace]] began. In {{TA|2463}}, the Wise formed the [[White Council]] with the Wizard [[Saruman]] as its head.
[[File:Angus McBride - Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|left|''Dol Guldur'' by [[Angus McBride]]]]
Elrond was later separated from his wife when she was taken by [[Orcs]]. Their sons rescued her, but Elrond was unable to heal her mentally, and she decided to leave for the [[Uttermost West|West]] in {{TA|2510|n}}.

In {{TA|2851}}, the White Council met to decide whether to act on Gandalf's discovery of the identity of the [[Necromancer]] as Sauron, but [[Saruman]] dissuaded the others from acting upon Gandalf's revelation.

In {{TA|2933}}, Elrond took [[Aragorn]] as his foster-son in Rivendell, and had Arwen live in [[Lothlórien]] with her grandmother.

Elrond named Aragorn ''[[Estel]]'' ("Hope") and concealed his heritage from him until he came of age. When Aragorn became an adult, Elrond gave him the [[Ring of Barahir]] and the shards of Narsil, foreseeing that Aragorn might be the one to claim the thrones of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]. When Aragorn fell in love with Arwen, Elrond revealed to him that Arwen shared the choice of the Half-elven, and that one or the other of them would ultimately be parted from her forever. Elrond insisted that Arwen could not marry Aragorn until he became king of both Gondor and Arnor.
[[File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Elrond and Thrór's Map.jpg|thumb|Elrond examines [[Thrór's Map]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'']]
In {{TA|2941}}, Elrond welcomed [[Thorin and Company]] into his home, the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]] before the wild. On Midsummer's Eve - the night before the [[Dwarves]], [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], and [[Gandalf]] continued on their journey eastward - Elrond examined the swords which they had found in the trolls' cave. He read the runes and revealed that [[Thorin|Thorin's]] sword was called [[Orcrist]], the "Goblin-cleaver", and that Gandalf's sword was named [[Glamdring]], the "Foe-hammer". He told them that they were [[Elves|Elven]] swords from the ancient city of [[Gondolin]], destroyed long ago. He then looked at [[Thrór's Map]] and found that there were [[moon-letters]]. From the moon of that midsummer's eve he could read the words: 'five feet high the door and three may walk abreast' and 'stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks and the setting sun with the last light of Durin's Day will shine upon the keyhole'. This information proved vital for Bilbo and the Dwarves to enter the [[Lonely Mountain]] through its secret entrance.<ref name="H3">{{H|3}}</ref>

During that same year, the [[White Council]] assailed [[Dol Guldur]] and rid [[Mirkwood]] of the Necromancer's presence.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> Upon Bilbo and Gandalf's return to Rivendell, Elrond and the grey wizard discussed this and the events of the Lonely Mountain. They both agreed that it would be better if the Necromancer were banished from the world altogether.<ref name="H19">{{H|19}}</ref>

The White Council last met in {{TA|2953}}, when Gandalf expressed his concerns that the One Ring was Bilbo's ring found in the [[Goblin-town]]. Saruman quieted him, insisting that the Ring had been swept out to sea.

====War of the Ring====
When [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] first left the Shire with the One Ring, it was always his intention to go to Rivendell to seek the advice of Elrond. Indeed, in his letter left at Bree, Gandalf counselled him to do so. After Elrond healed Frodo of his wound sustained at [[Weathertop]], he then hosted the feast that was held when Frodo recovered.
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel returns to Rivendell.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel returns to Rivendell'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
Elrond presided at the [[Council of Elrond]]. During that meeting, he narrated what he knew of the history of Isildur and the Ring. He identified Aragorn as the [[Heir of Isildur]], and when Frodo ultimately volunteered to carry the Ring, Elrond affirmed that decision. Elrond also appeared to have selected the members of the Fellowship other than Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], despite accepting [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] only reluctantly.

Later, Elrond sent his sons Elladan and Elrohir to join the [[Dúnedain]] Rangers who rode to [[Rohan]] to join Aragorn. Through Elrohir, Elrond advised Aragorn to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. During the [[Last Debate]], Elrohir supported Aragorn’s decision to attack Mordor as a diversion to allow Frodo time to reach Mount Doom, saying that this was Elrond’s advice.

After the passing of [[Sauron]], Aragorn was crowned as [[King of the West|King]] of the new [[Reunited Kingdom]] on [[1 May]], and according to his own promise Elrond escorted Arwen to [[Lothlórien]]. They arrived on [[20 May]] and Arwen went to [[Minas Tirith]] to wed Aragorn.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> He parted from her in great sorrow.
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Departure at the Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|''Departure at the Grey Havens'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Elrond was one of the Elves who took the [[White Ship]] to [[Valinor]] along with Frodo, Gandalf, and the other [[Ring-bearers]]. The Third Age's end is marked by their departure.

==Characteristics==
{{Quote|He was as noble and fair as an elf-lord, as strong as a warrior, as wise as a wizard, as venerable as a king of dwarves, and as kind as summer.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[A Short Rest]]"}}
Elrond seemed ageless, resembling neither old nor young. However, one could see in his face the memories and experiences of thousands of years. He looked venerable both like an old king, a wise wizard, and an experienced warrior in his prime.

Elrond is described as dark-haired, while his eyes were grey, shining like starlight. He could be seen wearing a circlet of silver.<ref name="meetings"/><ref>{{H|Rest}}</ref>

His parents were [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]]. He was thus [[Half-elven]]: Eärendil was the child of the mortal [[Tuor]] and the elf [[Idril]], while Elwing was the grandchild of [[Beren]] (a [[Man]]) and [[Lúthien]] (daughter of the Elf-king [[Thingol]] and the Maia [[Melian]]). Consequently, Elrond was descended from all three tribes of the Elves ([[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] through Idril, [[Sindar]] through Lúthien), a Maia, and all three houses of the [[Edain]] ([[House of Hador|Hador]], [[House of Haleth|Haleth]] and [[House of Bëor|Bëor]]).

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Elrond.mp3|Ardamir}}
In a letter from 1958, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] explained that ''Elrond'' is a [[Sindarin]] name that he was given because he was found in a cave, and that the name is a compound of ''eld>ell'', the Sindarin term for the High-Elven exiles, and ''rond'' based on primitive Elvish ''rondo'' meaning "cavern".<ref name=L211/> In an essay that was probably written between 1959 and 1960, J.R.R. Tolkien translated the name as "Star-dome".<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 26, second paragraph about Hadhodrond</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Elrond''</ref> The Sindarin elements are ''[[el]]'' ("star") and ''[[rond]]'' ("a vaulted or arched roof, the heavens").<ref name=Elements>{{S|Elements}}, entries ''êl'' and ''rond''</ref> In an essay on "The Problem of Ros" that was written in 1969 or later J.R.R. Tolkien translated the name as "star-dome, noting that it was given by [[Elwing]] in memory of the [[Menelrond]], the Hall of the Throne of Elwë.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref> ''Elrond'' has also been translated as "Vault of Heaven".<ref name="Etym">{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 384</ref> In a letter from 1972, J.R.R. Tolkien wrote that the name Elrond means "The vault of stars".<ref>{{L|345}}</ref>

His [[Quenya]] name was most likely '''''Elerondo''''',<ref>[[Petri Tikka]], "[http://www.geocities.com/petristikka/elvish/PE17.html Quenya words in ''Parma Eldalambaron'' 17]"</ref> isolated from the patronymic ''Elerondiel'' ("[[Arwen|Daughter of Elrond]]").<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 56</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| FIN |y| EAW | | GLN | | THI |y| MEL | | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]] ''b. {{YT}}''|GLN=[[Galadhon]] ''b. {{FA}}''|THI=[[Elu Thingol]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MEL=[[Melian]]}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | GAL |y| CEL | | GLT | | LUT |y| BER | | | | | |GAL=[[Galadriel]] ''b. {{YT|1362}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]] ''b. {{FA}}''|GLT=[[Galathil]] ''b. {{FA}}''|LUT=[[Lúthien]] ''b. {{YT|1200}}''|BER=[[Beren]] ''b. {{FA|432}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |,|-|'| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | NIM |y| DIO | | TUO |y| IDR | |TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472}}''|IDR=[[Idril]] ''b. {{YT}}''|DIO=[[Dior]] ''{{FA|470}} - {{FA|506|n}}''|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | ELW |~|~|y|~|~| EAR | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''|ELW=[[Elwing]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | CLB |~|~|y|~|~| ELR | | | | | | ELS | | | |CLB=[[Celebrían]] ''b. {{SA|300}}''|ELR='''ELROND''' ''b. {{FA|532}}''|ELS=[[Elros]] ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |:| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |~|~|y|~|~| ARA | | | |ELL=[[Elladan]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''|ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] ''{{TA|2931}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EDN | | DAU | | | | | |EDN=[[Eldarion]] ''{{FoA|1}} - {{FoA|220|n}}''|DAU=''unknown daughters''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The name '''Elrond''' first appears in a draft for ''[[The Fall of Númenor (chapter)]]'', written about the same time as ''The Hobbit'' (before [[1937]]). There he is mentioned to be the son of [[Eärendel]], heir of the [[House of Hador]], who because of his mortal blood chose to remain in the [[Great Lands]] and became the leader of the Elves in the remnant of [[Beleriand]]. There he allied with the Faithful [[Amroth]] (a precursor of Elendil) against [[Sûr]] (Sauron).<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}</ref> In a rewrite of the same text, Elrond becomes the first [[King of Númenor]] instead, the builder of the city of Númenos, and is a mortal (which means that the text was written before ''The Hobbit'', as he appears alive, presumably immortal, there). It is Gil-galad who fights Sauron. With the conception of Elros, Tolkien added a later note that considered making Elrond stay with Gil-galad or return to Middle-earth.<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}</ref>

Elrond was then "borrowed" or imported into ''[[The Hobbit]]''. Subsequently he, along with [[Gandalf]], became one of the only characters to appear in all three of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

In the chapter "[[A Short Rest]]" of ''The Hobbit'', it is said of Elrond that he
{{blockquote|...was an elf-friend — one of those people whose fathers came into the strange stories before the beginning of History, the wars of the evil goblins and the elves and the first men in the North. In those days of our tale there were still some people who had both elves and heroes of the North for ancestors, and Elrond the master of the house was their chief.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[A Short Rest]]"}}
Note that in this description he is not identified as an Elf himself, emphasizing his elf-friend (= Edain) heritage. In the subsequent fleshing out of his background, it is never mentioned that he was ever the "chief" of the people who came from "both elves and heroes of the North" (which would apply to the [[Half-elven]] or rather the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]]).

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Elrond in Adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Elrond.jpg|Elrond as portrayed in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Elrond.jpg|Elrond as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Elrond2.jpg|[[Hugo Weaving]] as Elrond in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Elrond.jpg|Elrond in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Elrond in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|Elrond in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Elrond.jpg|[[Robert Aramayo]] as Elrond in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'' series
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Elrond appears in [[Rivendell]], crowned with a ring of stars. He feeds the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]], and identifies [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]]. He needs little time to identify the latter. He is shown with a beard, although Tolkien clearly states [[Elves]] do not have beards. His voice was provided by [[Cyril Ritchard]].

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Elrond, voiced by [[André Morell]], appears at the [[Council of Elrond]]. He sits on a raised chair, and narrates the scene. Not until [[the One Ring]] is brought forward does he take an active part.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Elrond appears roughly the same as in the first of [[Rankin/Bass]]' films. The premise of the film, a [[minstrel of Gondor]] who tells the tale of "Frodo of the Nine Fingers, and the Ring of Doom" at [[Bilbo Baggins]]' 129th birthday party in Rivendell, allows Elrond to be a member of the audience, and then sails west, with [[Gandalf]] and the two allowed Bilbo and [[Frodo Baggins]] (his nephew) come because of their service in Middle-earth and being friends. Because Cyril Ritchard had passed away not long after completing his work on ''The Hobbit'', Rankin/Bass regular [[Paul Frees]] took over as his voice.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Elrond, played by [[Hugo Weaving]], first appears in the prologue as a commander of the army of [[Gil-galad]] in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. A later flashback scene shows him actually taking [[Isildur]] into [[Mount Doom]], trying to persuade him to destroy the Ring. [[Círdan]] is omitted.

:As in the book, Elrond heals [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s wound from [[Weathertop]]. Elrond then has a conversation with [[Gandalf]], discussing the many challenges that face them. Elrond argues that the Ring cannot remain in Rivendell (in the film, Frodo appears to have thought that he would be able to leave the Ring there). He also expresses his doubts about the race of [[Men]], and gives the first hints about [[Aragorn]]'s real identity. In the Council of Elrond, Elrond himself is the one who argues that the only option is to destroy the Ring. He does not select the Fellowship, but accepts those who volunteer.

:Elrond gains two additional scenes in the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of the movie. In the first, he talks with Aragorn beside the grave of Aragorn’s mother. Elrond encourages the reluctant Aragorn to accept his fate of becoming [[Kings of Gondor|king]]. In the next scene, Elrond blesses the departing [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]].

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Though he had no scenes in the book, Elrond appears mainly in conversations with [[Arwen]], whose role is also greatly expanded. In a flashback, Aragorn remembers Elrond telling him to abandon his love for Arwen, allowing her to sail to [[Valinor]]. Aragorn attempts to do this, but Arwen denies him. In another scene, Elrond persuades Arwen that she should sail to Valinor, describing what will happen if she remains and Aragorn dies. Elrond then has a [[ósanwe|telepathic]] communication with [[Galadriel]] discussing the [[War of the Ring|war]] that is about to start. He apparently suggests that she send an army to [[Helm's Deep]] to aid the [[Rohirrim|Men]] there, since when [[Haldir]] arrives at Helm's Deep he says that he brings "word from Elrond of Rivendell."

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:In the final installment of Jackson's film series, Elrond's first scene is with Arwen, who has decided not to sail after all, but to return. Although he senses that she is dying, Elrond acknowledges her choice. At her suggestion, he has the [[shards of Narsil]] [[Andúril|re-forged]], then carries the new sword to Aragorn at [[Dunharrow]]. He finally convinces Aragorn to accept his destiny, and advises him to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. Later, Elrond escorts Arwen to [[Minas Tirith]] for [[Aragorn]]'s coronation, and he finally sails to Valinor with the [[Ring-bearers]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Hugo Weaving reprises the role of Elrond.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> As in the book, he identifies Gandalf's and [[Thorin]]'s respective swords, as well as translating the [[Moon-letters|runes]] on Thorin's [[Thrór's Map|map]] in the [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|first]] film. There is an additional scene where Elrond meets with the [[White Council]]. Like [[Saruman]], Elrond is somewhat skeptical of Gandalf's claims, deeming the Quest of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] unwise. However, he is clearly alarmed by Gandalf's revealing of the [[Morgul-knife|Morgul blade]] from [[Dol Guldur]]. Elrond is seen again in the [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|third]] of these films where he participates in the [[Attack on Dol Guldur|battle]] of Dol Guldur, joining Saruman and Galadriel in fighting off the [[Nazgûl]].

===Television===
'''1993: [[Hobitit|''Hobitit'']]:'''
:In this adaptation, Elrond is portrayed by [[Leif Wager]].

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 1: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::Elrond (portrayed by [[Robert Aramayo]])<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Alice Jones]]|articleurl=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/02/amazon-the-rings-of-power-series-first-look|articlename=Amazon’s Lord of the Rings Series Rises: Inside The Rings of Power
|dated=10-February-2022|website=[https://www.vanityfair.com VanityFair]|accessed=11-February-2022}}</ref> first appears sitting in a tree at [[Lindon]], writing the exact words of the speech that [[Gil-galad]] gives later. He is alerted by an [[Elves|Elf Attendant]] of the arrival of his friend, [[Galadriel]].

===Radio series===
'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:The part of Elrond is voiced by [[Garard Green]].<ref name="RT1674">Radio Times, Volume 129, No. 1674, [[9 December|December 9]], [[1955]]</ref>

'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:In this adaptation, Elrond is voiced by [[John Pullen]]. Gandalf claims that he is not an Elf, but an Elf-friend.

'''1980: [[Der Hobbit (1980 German radio series)|''Der Hobbit'' (1980 German radio series)]]:'''
:Elrond is played by Friedrich W. Bauschulle.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Hugh Dickson]] provided the voice of Elrond in this radio series. He first appears in the episode containing the [[Council of Elrond]], and appears unintroduced. Dickson showcases great trouble with pronouncing Elvish, and especially diphthongs. Gimli is the son of "[[Glóin|Gloo-in]]", who fought the dragon "[[Smaug|Sma-oog]]". Legolas is the son of "[[Thranduil|Thrandoo-uhl]]". He reappears in the final 2 episodes - first in the return to Rivendell warning Frodo to look out for Bilbo in the Shire one Autumn soon, and finally with Galadriel and Bilbo in the Shire before they all ride to the Grey Havens.

'''2001: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Elrond is provided by Matej Landl.

===Games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit (1982 text adventure game)'']]'''

:Elrond appears at Rivendell. The player can give him the curious map to read, and he also provides the player with lunch.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Like his predecessor Hugh Dickson, [[Jim Piddock]] shows incredible difficulty with diphthongs. "Glau-win" and "Thrandool" dislike each other, so too their sons.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:In a short cutscene between the levels "Roast Mutton" and "Over Hill and Under Hill", Elrond is briefly mentioned. An artful image on a manuscript can be seen, while the [[Tom Kane|narrator]] explains Elrond examined the map and the swords.

'''2006: ''[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:In an alternative, northern War of the Ring, Rivendell is the main base of operations for Glóin and Glorfindel. As such, Elrond is the source of missions and advice, and serves as the narrator throughout the game (Hugo Weaving reprises the role). Elrond is a playable character during the assault on [[Dol Guldur]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Elrond is a non-playable character and can be found in the library of the Last Homely House in Rivendell. During the Elven Prologue set hundreds of years before the War of the Ring he participates in a battle in the refuge of Edhellion, in northern [[Ered Luin]]. Elrond is heavily involved in the game original storyline and the characters are frequently bidden to return to him after uncovering troubling signs of the Enemy or achieving notable victories.

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:Hugo Weaving once again reprises the role, serving as the narrator for both Good and Evil campaign.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Early in the game Elrond sends his sons, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], to scout [[Fornost]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Inner Wards''</ref> He later interacts with main characters in Rivendell, guiding them on their path of defeating Argandaur.

==See also==
*[[Twins]]

{{references|notes}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=halfelf
| born={{FA|532}}
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| died=Sailed west on [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Gil-galad]]
| list=[[Three Keepers|Keeper]] of [[Vilya]]
| dates={{SA|1701}} - after [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| nvac=None
| next=Presumably, still Elrond
}}
{{seq
| prow=2
| pvac=None
| prev=Titles established
| list=Lord of [[Rivendell]]
| dates={{SA|1697}} - [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| nvac=None
| next=Titles abandoned
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=Vice-regent of [[Eriador]]
| dates={{SA|1701}} - {{SA|3441|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{councilofelrond}}
{{hobbitfilms}}
{{lordoftheringsfilms}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Ilkorin names]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Elrond]]
[[fi:Elrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/semi-elfes/elrond]]

Lord of Andúnië

2024-07-18T03:45:37Z

Mord: /* Name of House */

[[File:Ralph Damiani - Andunie.png|thumb|''Andúnië'' by [[:Category:Images by Ralph Damiani|Ralph Damiani]]]]
The '''Lord of Andúnië''' was the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] lord who ruled the shoreland region of [[Andustar]] in western [[Númenor]] from the great city of [[Andúnië]].<ref>{{UT|IMap}}</ref>

==Description==
As rulers of one of the major regions of [[Númenor]], the Lords of Andúnië were members of the [[Council of the Sceptre]]. Being the chief councellors of the [[Kings of Númenor]], they were the second most honourable lords in the kingdom.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, Note 23</ref><ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> From their beginning, these lords revered and were ever-loyal to the [[Kings of Númenor]]; in addition to this, they had great love for the [[Eldar]] and the [[Valar]].<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

Their symbol of office was a [[Sceptre of Annúminas|silver sceptre]] which was afterwards held by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> The house inherited the [[Ring of Barahir]] (given by [[Tar-Elendil]] to his daughter [[Silmarien]]),<ref name="note">{{UT|Numenor}}, Note 2</ref> the original [[Elendilmir]] from [[Silmariën]],<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> and the [[palantíri]] of [[Amandil]] (gifted by the [[Eldar]]).<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==History==
[[Tar-Elendil]], the fourth [[King of Númenor]], was the first King whose eldest child was a daughter. [[Silmariën]], as a woman, could not receive the [[Sceptre of Númenor]] at the time because of the [[Law of Succession in Númenor|law of succession]] that then existed in the realm; she could not succeed her father as [[Queen of Númenor]] and instead her younger brother, [[Tar-Meneldur]], took up the Sceptre.<ref name="UTWife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> Instead, Silmariën married [[Elatan|Elatan of Andúnië]] and their son was [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]], who became the first of the Lords of Andúnië.<ref name="UTWife"/>

When the [[Shadow]] fell on [[Númenor]], the Lords remained [[Faithful]] to the Valar and covertly gave aid to the other Faithful, but retained their office.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> They could not declare their true allegiance openly, but they attempted to dissuade the [[Kings of Númenor]] from their wickedness with wiser counsel.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

In these dark times, [[Lindórië]], daughter of the 14th Lord of Andúnië, wed [[Gimilzagar]], a descendant of [[Tar-Calmacil]]. Lindórië bore a daughter, [[Inzilbêth]], and raised her in the ways of the Faithful.

Once grown to womanhood Inzilbêth wed [[Ar-Gimilzôr]]<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, Ar-Gimilzôr</ref> and bore him two sons, [[Inziladûn]] and [[Gimilkhâd]]. She passed her Faithful ways on to her elder son Inziladûn, who took the throne as [[Tar-Palantir]]. He was the last Faithful King of Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

[[Amandil]] was the last Lord of Andúnië and a dear friend of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] in their youth. He was stripped of his titles for supporting the Faithful when [[Sauron]] came to power in Númenor. The Lordship of Andúnië was not revived before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]] claimed Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

Before the Downfall, a family of Faithful related to [[Elendil]] settled in [[Belfalas]]. After the Downfall Elendil granted the title [[Princes of Dol Amroth|Prince]] to the lord of that family who had a stronghold on the high promontory of Dol Amroth. From that ancient family arose the [[House of Dol Amroth]] and its hereditary Princes.<ref name="prince">{{UT|Cirion}}, Note 39</ref>

[[Elendil]], son of [[Amandil]], escaped Númenor before the Downfall with his sons and followers. He and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] founded the kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] when they arrived in [[Middle-earth]]. Though the Lordship of Andúnië would never return, the House of its Lords lived on into the [[Fourth Age]] in the distant descendants of Elendil, [[Aragorn]] and his son [[Eldarion]].<ref name="note"/>

==Name of House==
All known descendants of Silmariën and Elatan are also descendants of Valandil, whose male-line descendants were known as the "House of Valandil."<ref>{{PM|V}}, ''Note on the marriage of Míriel and Pharazôn'', Text ''a'', pp. 159-160</ref> Later generations of the male-line descendants of Silmariën and Elatan were also named as members of the "House of the Lords of Andúnië."<ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1</ref><ref>{{UT|3a}}, Note 2</ref><ref>{{UT|5}}, "XXIII Ar-Gimilzôr (Tar-Telemnar)"</ref>

==List of Lords==
*1. [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]] ({{SA|630}} – c. {{SA|870|n}})
*2-14. Unknown (''dates unknown'')
*15. [[Eärendur (Lord of Andúnië)|Eärendur]] (''dates unknown'')
*16. Unknown (''dates unknown'')
*17. [[Númendil]] (''dates unknown'')
*18. [[Amandil]] (sailed West {{SA|3316|n}})

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of Andunie}}
{{numenor}}

[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:House of Valandil| ]]
[[Category:Mannish titles]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[fi:Andúniën ruhtinaat]]

Lord of Andúnië

2024-07-18T03:44:35Z

Mord: /* Name of House */ yeah, that goes too far

[[File:Ralph Damiani - Andunie.png|thumb|''Andúnië'' by [[:Category:Images by Ralph Damiani|Ralph Damiani]]]]
The '''Lord of Andúnië''' was the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] lord who ruled the shoreland region of [[Andustar]] in western [[Númenor]] from the great city of [[Andúnië]].<ref>{{UT|IMap}}</ref>

==Description==
As rulers of one of the major regions of [[Númenor]], the Lords of Andúnië were members of the [[Council of the Sceptre]]. Being the chief councellors of the [[Kings of Númenor]], they were the second most honourable lords in the kingdom.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, Note 23</ref><ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> From their beginning, these lords revered and were ever-loyal to the [[Kings of Númenor]]; in addition to this, they had great love for the [[Eldar]] and the [[Valar]].<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

Their symbol of office was a [[Sceptre of Annúminas|silver sceptre]] which was afterwards held by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> The house inherited the [[Ring of Barahir]] (given by [[Tar-Elendil]] to his daughter [[Silmarien]]),<ref name="note">{{UT|Numenor}}, Note 2</ref> the original [[Elendilmir]] from [[Silmariën]],<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> and the [[palantíri]] of [[Amandil]] (gifted by the [[Eldar]]).<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==History==
[[Tar-Elendil]], the fourth [[King of Númenor]], was the first King whose eldest child was a daughter. [[Silmariën]], as a woman, could not receive the [[Sceptre of Númenor]] at the time because of the [[Law of Succession in Númenor|law of succession]] that then existed in the realm; she could not succeed her father as [[Queen of Númenor]] and instead her younger brother, [[Tar-Meneldur]], took up the Sceptre.<ref name="UTWife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> Instead, Silmariën married [[Elatan|Elatan of Andúnië]] and their son was [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]], who became the first of the Lords of Andúnië.<ref name="UTWife"/>

When the [[Shadow]] fell on [[Númenor]], the Lords remained [[Faithful]] to the Valar and covertly gave aid to the other Faithful, but retained their office.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> They could not declare their true allegiance openly, but they attempted to dissuade the [[Kings of Númenor]] from their wickedness with wiser counsel.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

In these dark times, [[Lindórië]], daughter of the 14th Lord of Andúnië, wed [[Gimilzagar]], a descendant of [[Tar-Calmacil]]. Lindórië bore a daughter, [[Inzilbêth]], and raised her in the ways of the Faithful.

Once grown to womanhood Inzilbêth wed [[Ar-Gimilzôr]]<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, Ar-Gimilzôr</ref> and bore him two sons, [[Inziladûn]] and [[Gimilkhâd]]. She passed her Faithful ways on to her elder son Inziladûn, who took the throne as [[Tar-Palantir]]. He was the last Faithful King of Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

[[Amandil]] was the last Lord of Andúnië and a dear friend of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] in their youth. He was stripped of his titles for supporting the Faithful when [[Sauron]] came to power in Númenor. The Lordship of Andúnië was not revived before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]] claimed Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

Before the Downfall, a family of Faithful related to [[Elendil]] settled in [[Belfalas]]. After the Downfall Elendil granted the title [[Princes of Dol Amroth|Prince]] to the lord of that family who had a stronghold on the high promontory of Dol Amroth. From that ancient family arose the [[House of Dol Amroth]] and its hereditary Princes.<ref name="prince">{{UT|Cirion}}, Note 39</ref>

[[Elendil]], son of [[Amandil]], escaped Númenor before the Downfall with his sons and followers. He and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] founded the kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] when they arrived in [[Middle-earth]]. Though the Lordship of Andúnië would never return, the House of its Lords lived on into the [[Fourth Age]] in the distant descendants of Elendil, [[Aragorn]] and his son [[Eldarion]].<ref name="note"/>

==Name of House==
All known descendants of Silmariën and Elatan are also descendants of Valandil, whose male-line descendants were known as the "House of Valandil."<ref>{{PM|V}}, ''Note on the marriage of Míriel and Pharazôn'', Text ''a'', pp. 159-160</ref> However, later generations of the male-line descendants of Silmariën and Elatan were named as members of the "House of the Lords of Andúnië."<ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1</ref><ref>{{UT|3a}}, Note 2</ref><ref>{{UT|5}}, "XXIII Ar-Gimilzôr (Tar-Telemnar)"</ref>

==List of Lords==
*1. [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]] ({{SA|630}} – c. {{SA|870|n}})
*2-14. Unknown (''dates unknown'')
*15. [[Eärendur (Lord of Andúnië)|Eärendur]] (''dates unknown'')
*16. Unknown (''dates unknown'')
*17. [[Númendil]] (''dates unknown'')
*18. [[Amandil]] (sailed West {{SA|3316|n}})

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of Andunie}}
{{numenor}}

[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:House of Valandil| ]]
[[Category:Mannish titles]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[fi:Andúniën ruhtinaat]]

Lord of Andúnië

2024-07-18T02:30:32Z

Mord: /* Name */ header change

[[File:Ralph Damiani - Andunie.png|thumb|''Andúnië'' by [[:Category:Images by Ralph Damiani|Ralph Damiani]]]]
The '''Lord of Andúnië''' was the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] lord who ruled the shoreland region of [[Andustar]] in western [[Númenor]] from the great city of [[Andúnië]].<ref>{{UT|IMap}}</ref>

==Description==
As rulers of one of the major regions of [[Númenor]], the Lords of Andúnië were members of the [[Council of the Sceptre]]. Being the chief councellors of the [[Kings of Númenor]], they were the second most honourable lords in the kingdom.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, Note 23</ref><ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> From their beginning, these lords revered and were ever-loyal to the [[Kings of Númenor]]; in addition to this, they had great love for the [[Eldar]] and the [[Valar]].<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

Their symbol of office was a [[Sceptre of Annúminas|silver sceptre]] which was afterwards held by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> The house inherited the [[Ring of Barahir]] (given by [[Tar-Elendil]] to his daughter [[Silmarien]]),<ref name="note">{{UT|Numenor}}, Note 2</ref> the original [[Elendilmir]] from [[Silmariën]],<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> and the [[palantíri]] of [[Amandil]] (gifted by the [[Eldar]]).<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==History==
[[Tar-Elendil]], the fourth [[King of Númenor]], was the first King whose eldest child was a daughter. [[Silmariën]], as a woman, could not receive the [[Sceptre of Númenor]] at the time because of the [[Law of Succession in Númenor|law of succession]] that then existed in the realm; she could not succeed her father as [[Queen of Númenor]] and instead her younger brother, [[Tar-Meneldur]], took up the Sceptre.<ref name="UTWife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> Instead, Silmariën married [[Elatan|Elatan of Andúnië]] and their son was [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]], who became the first of the Lords of Andúnië.<ref name="UTWife"/>

When the [[Shadow]] fell on [[Númenor]], the Lords remained [[Faithful]] to the Valar and covertly gave aid to the other Faithful, but retained their office.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> They could not declare their true allegiance openly, but they attempted to dissuade the [[Kings of Númenor]] from their wickedness with wiser counsel.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

In these dark times, [[Lindórië]], daughter of the 14th Lord of Andúnië, wed [[Gimilzagar]], a descendant of [[Tar-Calmacil]]. Lindórië bore a daughter, [[Inzilbêth]], and raised her in the ways of the Faithful.

Once grown to womanhood Inzilbêth wed [[Ar-Gimilzôr]]<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, Ar-Gimilzôr</ref> and bore him two sons, [[Inziladûn]] and [[Gimilkhâd]]. She passed her Faithful ways on to her elder son Inziladûn, who took the throne as [[Tar-Palantir]]. He was the last Faithful King of Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

[[Amandil]] was the last Lord of Andúnië and a dear friend of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] in their youth. He was stripped of his titles for supporting the Faithful when [[Sauron]] came to power in Númenor. The Lordship of Andúnië was not revived before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]] claimed Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

Before the Downfall, a family of Faithful related to [[Elendil]] settled in [[Belfalas]]. After the Downfall Elendil granted the title [[Princes of Dol Amroth|Prince]] to the lord of that family who had a stronghold on the high promontory of Dol Amroth. From that ancient family arose the [[House of Dol Amroth]] and its hereditary Princes.<ref name="prince">{{UT|Cirion}}, Note 39</ref>

[[Elendil]], son of [[Amandil]], escaped Númenor before the Downfall with his sons and followers. He and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] founded the kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] when they arrived in [[Middle-earth]]. Though the Lordship of Andúnië would never return, the House of its Lords lived on into the [[Fourth Age]] in the distant descendants of Elendil, [[Aragorn]] and his son [[Eldarion]].<ref name="note"/>

==Name of House==
All known descendants of Silmariën and Elatan are also descendants of Valandil, whose male-line descendants were known as the "House of Valandil."<ref>{{PM|V}}, ''Note on the marriage of Míriel and Pharazôn'', Text ''a'', pp. 159-160</ref> However, later generations of the male-line descendants of Silmariën and Elatan were named as members of the "House of the Lords of Andúnië."<ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1</ref><ref>{{UT|3a}}, Note 2</ref><ref>{{UT|5}}, "XXIII Ar-Gimilzôr (Tar-Telemnar)"</ref>

It is not clear whether these are alternative names for the same genealogical House founded by Valandil, or if Silmariën and Elatan founded the House of the Lords of Andúnië, of which Valandil and his own House were members.

==List of Lords==
*1. [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]] ({{SA|630}} – c. {{SA|870|n}})
*2-14. Unknown (''dates unknown'')
*15. [[Eärendur (Lord of Andúnië)|Eärendur]] (''dates unknown'')
*16. Unknown (''dates unknown'')
*17. [[Númendil]] (''dates unknown'')
*18. [[Amandil]] (sailed West {{SA|3316|n}})

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of Andunie}}
{{numenor}}

[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:House of Valandil| ]]
[[Category:Mannish titles]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[fi:Andúniën ruhtinaat]]

Lord of Andúnië

2024-07-18T02:30:14Z

Mord: one house, two names? not clear, explained

[[File:Ralph Damiani - Andunie.png|thumb|''Andúnië'' by [[:Category:Images by Ralph Damiani|Ralph Damiani]]]]
The '''Lord of Andúnië''' was the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] lord who ruled the shoreland region of [[Andustar]] in western [[Númenor]] from the great city of [[Andúnië]].<ref>{{UT|IMap}}</ref>

==Description==
As rulers of one of the major regions of [[Númenor]], the Lords of Andúnië were members of the [[Council of the Sceptre]]. Being the chief councellors of the [[Kings of Númenor]], they were the second most honourable lords in the kingdom.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, Note 23</ref><ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> From their beginning, these lords revered and were ever-loyal to the [[Kings of Númenor]]; in addition to this, they had great love for the [[Eldar]] and the [[Valar]].<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

Their symbol of office was a [[Sceptre of Annúminas|silver sceptre]] which was afterwards held by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> The house inherited the [[Ring of Barahir]] (given by [[Tar-Elendil]] to his daughter [[Silmarien]]),<ref name="note">{{UT|Numenor}}, Note 2</ref> the original [[Elendilmir]] from [[Silmariën]],<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> and the [[palantíri]] of [[Amandil]] (gifted by the [[Eldar]]).<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==History==
[[Tar-Elendil]], the fourth [[King of Númenor]], was the first King whose eldest child was a daughter. [[Silmariën]], as a woman, could not receive the [[Sceptre of Númenor]] at the time because of the [[Law of Succession in Númenor|law of succession]] that then existed in the realm; she could not succeed her father as [[Queen of Númenor]] and instead her younger brother, [[Tar-Meneldur]], took up the Sceptre.<ref name="UTWife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> Instead, Silmariën married [[Elatan|Elatan of Andúnië]] and their son was [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]], who became the first of the Lords of Andúnië.<ref name="UTWife"/>

When the [[Shadow]] fell on [[Númenor]], the Lords remained [[Faithful]] to the Valar and covertly gave aid to the other Faithful, but retained their office.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> They could not declare their true allegiance openly, but they attempted to dissuade the [[Kings of Númenor]] from their wickedness with wiser counsel.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

In these dark times, [[Lindórië]], daughter of the 14th Lord of Andúnië, wed [[Gimilzagar]], a descendant of [[Tar-Calmacil]]. Lindórië bore a daughter, [[Inzilbêth]], and raised her in the ways of the Faithful.

Once grown to womanhood Inzilbêth wed [[Ar-Gimilzôr]]<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, Ar-Gimilzôr</ref> and bore him two sons, [[Inziladûn]] and [[Gimilkhâd]]. She passed her Faithful ways on to her elder son Inziladûn, who took the throne as [[Tar-Palantir]]. He was the last Faithful King of Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

[[Amandil]] was the last Lord of Andúnië and a dear friend of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] in their youth. He was stripped of his titles for supporting the Faithful when [[Sauron]] came to power in Númenor. The Lordship of Andúnië was not revived before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]] claimed Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

Before the Downfall, a family of Faithful related to [[Elendil]] settled in [[Belfalas]]. After the Downfall Elendil granted the title [[Princes of Dol Amroth|Prince]] to the lord of that family who had a stronghold on the high promontory of Dol Amroth. From that ancient family arose the [[House of Dol Amroth]] and its hereditary Princes.<ref name="prince">{{UT|Cirion}}, Note 39</ref>

[[Elendil]], son of [[Amandil]], escaped Númenor before the Downfall with his sons and followers. He and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] founded the kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] when they arrived in [[Middle-earth]]. Though the Lordship of Andúnië would never return, the House of its Lords lived on into the [[Fourth Age]] in the distant descendants of Elendil, [[Aragorn]] and his son [[Eldarion]].<ref name="note"/>

==Name==
All known descendants of Silmariën and Elatan are also descendants of Valandil, whose male-line descendants were known as the "House of Valandil."<ref>{{PM|V}}, ''Note on the marriage of Míriel and Pharazôn'', Text ''a'', pp. 159-160</ref> However, later generations of the male-line descendants of Silmariën and Elatan were named as members of the "House of the Lords of Andúnië."<ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1</ref><ref>{{UT|3a}}, Note 2</ref><ref>{{UT|5}}, "XXIII Ar-Gimilzôr (Tar-Telemnar)"</ref>

It is not clear whether these are alternative names for the same genealogical House founded by Valandil, or if Silmariën and Elatan founded the House of the Lords of Andúnië, of which Valandil and his own House were members.

==List of Lords==
*1. [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]] ({{SA|630}} – c. {{SA|870|n}})
*2-14. Unknown (''dates unknown'')
*15. [[Eärendur (Lord of Andúnië)|Eärendur]] (''dates unknown'')
*16. Unknown (''dates unknown'')
*17. [[Númendil]] (''dates unknown'')
*18. [[Amandil]] (sailed West {{SA|3316|n}})

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of Andunie}}
{{numenor}}

[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:House of Valandil| ]]
[[Category:Mannish titles]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[fi:Andúniën ruhtinaat]]