Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

User:Murlo

2024-06-24T23:26:45Z

Murlo: Added {{User lotro}}

I'm the creator and maintainer of the [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning project], currently hosted by GitHub.com.

I was only a casual fan of [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]], until I learned about the [[Shire Calendar]] just before the [[Peter Jackson]] Hobbit films were released. I quickly became fascinated by the Shire Reckoning, and shortly after by all the calendars described in [[Appendix D]], which have been one of my main hobbies ever since.

My username comes from one of my hobbit characters in [[The Lord of the Rings Online]], which I chose because it not only looks like a Hobbit name, but it's also very close to the Italian word ''merlo'', which means "blackbird".

{{User lotro}}

Rethe

2024-06-21T17:00:20Z

Murlo: /* Etymology */ Added "Storm-month" meaning.

{{shiremonths}}
The third month of the [[Shire Calendar]], lying between [[Solmath]] and [[Astron]], and approximately corresponding to modern [[21 February]] through [[22 March]].<ref>{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name represents a [[Hobbitish|modernization]] of the [[Old English]] name for March, ''[[wiktionary:hreþmonaþ|Hreþmōnaþ]]'', meaning "rough-month".<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.forodrim.org/daeron/md_smn.html|articlename=The Shire month-names|author=[[Arden R. Smith]]|website=[http://www.forodrim.org/daeron Mellonath Daeron - The Language Guild of the Forodrim]}}</ref>

Alternatively, the name could mean "Storm-month", according to Dr. Eleanor Parker's reading of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien's]] commentary on the word "Hreðmanna" in [[Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDqeq_Iiba0&t=525s|articlename=Tolkien and the Anglo-Saxon Calendar|author=Dr. Eleanor Parker|website=[https://www.youtube.com/@TolkienOxford50 Tolkien 50th Anniversary Seminar Series on YouTube]|accessed=20 June 2024}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbit Calendar]]

[[de:Auenland-Kalender#Monate]]
[[fr:langues/langues_humaines/hobbitique/noms_mois_comte]]
[[fi:Rethe]]

Mid-year's Day

2022-06-13T16:15:27Z

Murlo: Gandalf met with Radagast before meeting with Butterbur.

{{sources}}
'''Mid-year's Day''' is the middle day of the year that roughly corresponds with the summer solstice or '''Midsummer'''.

In the context of the [[Elves|Elven]] calendars, the middle day of the [[loa]] (year) is named ''[[Loëndë]]'' in [[Quenya]], and is the second of the three [[Enderi]].

In the context of the [[Shire-reckoning]], the middle day is the second of the [[Lithedays]], falling between [[1 Lithe]] and [[2 Lithe]], and (as the [[Overlithe]]) had no weekday name. In [[the Shire]], the [[Free Fair]] is held on the [[White Downs]] during these Lithedays.

Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}:
;{{FA|472}}: Beginning of the Fifth [[Battles of Beleriand|Battle of Beleriand]]: [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad|Nirnaeth Arnœdiad]]
;{{FA|498}}: [[Túrin]] weds [[Níniel]] in [[Brethil]].
;{{FA|510}}: The [[Fall of Gondolin]]
;{{TA|2941}}: [[Thorin and Company]] depart from [[Rivendell]].
;{{TA|3013}}: [[Will Whitfoot]] is elected (or re-elected) to the post of [[Mayor of Michel Delving]] at the Free Fair held on the White Downs.
;{{TA|3018}}: [[Gandalf]] meets [[Radagast]], then leaves [[Gandalf's letter|a letter]] with [[Barliman Butterbur]] to be sent to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], and tells him to expect a [[Mr. Underhill]]. Gandalf leaves for [[Orthanc]], Barliman forgets to mail the letter.

;{{TA|3019}}: Wedding of [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] and [[Arwen]].<ref name=chief>{{App|Chief}}</ref>
;{{TA|3020}}: Frodo resigns office of Deputy Mayor and [[Will Whitfoot]] is restored as a Mayor.<ref name=chief/>
;{{FoA|6}}: Will Whitfoot resigns as Mayor of Michel Delving, and [[Samwise Gamgee]] is elected in his place.
;{{FoA|55}}:At the [[Free Fair]] on the [[White Downs]], Samwise Gamgee resigns as Mayor of the Shire.
;{{FoA|61}}:Death of [[Rose Cotton]], the wife of Samwise Gamgee.
{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbit Calendar]]
[[fi:Keskivuoden päivä]]

22 June

2022-06-13T16:08:45Z

Murlo: Gandalf met Radagast on Mid-year's Day, which was 10 days after Shire June 22.

<noinclude>{{month|June|hide31=yes}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1911]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and several other cadets of [[King Edward's School]]'s Officer Training Corps line the route at the Coronation of [[wikipedia:George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]. Tolkien stands near Buckingham Palace.<noinclude><ref>{{L|306}}, 2nd footnote</ref></noinclude>
* '''[[1920]]''' - Voice actor [[Paul Frees]] is born.
* '''[[1932]]''' - Actress [[Prunella Scales]] is born.
* '''[[1952]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 133]].
* '''[[2007]]''' - "Age's End", the seventeenth and last set in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'', is released.
* '''[[2009]]''' - ''[[Tolkien's Bag End]]'' is published.
* '''[[2010]]''' - The [[RiffTrax]] commentary of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' is released online.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2942}}:
** [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] returns to [[Bag End]]<Ref>{{FR|Finding}}</ref> and learns he has been declared dead.
{{references}}
[[Category:Dates|174]]
[[fi:22. kesäkuuta]]
</noinclude>

Fourth Age 1

2022-03-24T08:02:22Z

Murlo: /* Note */ Added New Reckoning link.

{{ardayearheader|Third Age 3019|Third Age 3020|Third Age 3021|1|2|4|6}}__NOTOC__
*The beginning of the [[Fourth Age]] in the [[Shire Calendar|reckoning]] of [[the Shire]].<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>
*Birth of [[Eldarion]], son of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] and Queen [[Arwen]].<ref>{{NM|P1xi}}, p. 78</ref>

==Note==
In the [[New Reckoning|reckoning]] of [[Gondor]], Fourth Age 1 began on [[25 March]] of [[Third Age 3021]].<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Fourth Age years|0, Fourth Age 0001]]

14 February

2022-02-24T21:36:56Z

Murlo: Undo revision 342656 by 162.158.75.4 (talk) - The 15th is the correct date as of the 50th Anniversary edition

<noinclude>{{month|February|hide30=yes|hide31=yes}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1896]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] dictates [[Letter to Arthur Tolkien|a letter to his father]].
* '''[[1896]]''' - [[E.V. Gordon]], a later colleague of Tolkien, is born.
* '''[[1914]]''' - Translator [[Britt G. Hallqvist]] is born.
* '''[[1938]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] gives an invitational speech at the Lovelace Society, the essay club of [[wikipedia:Worcester College, Oxford|Worcester College, Oxford.]] He reads them ''The Legend of Worming Hall'', a story that would become ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]''.
* '''[[1977]]''' - ''[[The Mythology of Middle-earth]]'' is published.
* '''[[2008]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]: [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'', "The Ashen Wastes" is released in Europe.

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3019}}:
** {{Cal Rest-Company}}<noinclude> ''[[#Note|See note]]''.

==Note==
In editions prior to the ''[[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|50th Anniversary Edition]]'', the [[Appendix B|Tale of Years]] mentions two events on this day in {{TA|3019}}: [[Gandalf]] returning to life, and the [[Mirror of Galadriel]]-sequence. Since it is clear from the narrative that the latter event occurred one day before departure on [[16 February]], this causes a problem in the chronology. [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]] decided to fix the Tale of Years so that the [[Mirror of Galadriel]]-sequence happened on [[15 February]]. The return to life of Gandalf was also moved to this date, for reasons unclear.
[[Category:Dates|045]]
[[de:14. Februar]]
[[fi:14. helmikuuta]]</noinclude>

15 February

2022-02-24T21:36:29Z

Murlo: Undo revision 342655 by 162.158.75.4 (talk) - This is the correct date as of the 50th Anniversary edition

<noinclude>{{month|February|hide30=yes|hide31=yes}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1896]]''' - [[Arthur Tolkien]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s father, dies.
* '''[[1934]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s poem "[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (poem)|The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]" is published in ''The Oxford Magazine''.
* '''[[1949]]''' - Scholar [[Alexei Kondratiev]] is born.
* '''[[1991]]''' – The first "Colloquium on the Languages of Middle-earth" starts at the house of [[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship|E.L.F.]] member [[Bill Welden]]. It lasts until the [[18 February]].
* '''[[2008]]''' - ''[[The Lord of the Rings and the Western Narrative Tradition]]'' is published

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3019}}:
** {{Cal Rest-Company}}
** [[Galadriel]] shows [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] the [[Mirror of Galadriel]].
** After his fight with the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]], [[Gandalf]] returns to life.
** Last quarter of the Moon<noinclude><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xlix</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In earlier editions the [[Appendix B|Tale of Years]] lists the two events of {{TA|3019}} at [[14 February]]. Since it is clear from the narrative that the latter event occurred one day before departure on [[16 February]], this causes a problem in the chronology. In the ''[[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|50th Anniversary Edition]]'', [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]] decided to fix the Tale of Years so that the [[Mirror of Galadriel]]-sequence happened on 15 February. The return to life of [[Gandalf]] was also moved to today, for reasons unclear.
{{references}}
[[Category:Dates|046]][[fi:15. helmikuuta]]
</noinclude>

Frogmorton

2021-10-21T15:19:28Z

Murlo: The Travellers were arrested on 1 November

{{location infobox
| name=Frogmorton
| image=[[Image:Matěj Čadil - The Floating Log.jpg|250px]]
| caption="The Floating Log" by [[:Category:Images by Matěj Čadil|Matěj Čadil]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[Eastfarthing]], [[the Shire]]
| type=Village
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=arrest of the [[Travellers|four Hobbits of the Fellowship]] by the [[First Eastfarthing Troop]]
}}
'''Frogmorton''' was a village in the [[Eastfarthing]] of [[the Shire]]. It stood on the [[East Road]], between the [[Three-Farthing Stone]] (fourteen miles to the west) and the [[Brandywine Bridge]] (twenty-two miles to the east). Immediately to the north of the village, the stream known as [[The Water]] broke into two, creating a wide watery region.<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref>

Until the [[War of the Ring]], the village seems to have been most notable for its inn, [[The Floating Log]]. During the brief time when [[Saruman]] took over the Shire, though, it became the home of the [[First Eastfarthing Troop]] of Shirriffs, and it was here that the returning [[Travellers]] were "arrested" on [[1 November]] {{TA|3019}}<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> and brought to the [[Shirriff-house]] of the village on their journey back to [[Hobbiton]].<ref>{{RK|VI8}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name is analysed as ''frog'' + ''moor'' ("marshy land") and ''ton'' ("town, village")<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 771</ref> obviously referring to a marshy land at the division of [[The Water]]. Based on this, [[David Salo]] has suggested a speculative [[Old English]] etymology from *''Froggameretun'' meaning "town by the frog-pool".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/elfling/message/121|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref>

There is a [[wikipedia:Frogmore|Frogmore]] in [[wikipedia:Buckinghamshire|Buckinghamshire]], which contains an estate (and burial ground) of the [[wikipedia: British Royal Family| British Royal Family]].
{{references}}

[[Category:Cities, towns and villages of the Shire]]

[[de:Froschmoorstetten]]
[[fi:Sammakkosuo]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/comte/lagrenouillere]]

The Scouring of the Shire

2021-10-19T15:42:35Z

Murlo: They arrived at Brandywine Bridge on the evening of October 30 (and there is no October 31 in the Shire Calendar)

{{chapter
| image=Alan Lee - Homeward Bound.jpg
| title=The Scouring of the Shire
| book=The Return of the King
| number=18
| event=[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and his companions help the [[Hobbits|hobbits]] overthrow the [[Men|men]]; [[Saruman]] and [[Gríma]] die.
| date=[[30 October]]-[[3 November]] {{TA|3019|n}}
| location=[[The Shire]]
| previous=Homeward Bound
| next=The Grey Havens
}}
'''The Scouring of the Shire''' is the eighth chapter of the second book in ''[[The Return of the King]]''.

==Summary==
The [[Hobbits]] found the bridge at [[Brandywine]] closed with a large spiked gate. When they demanded entrance, a frightened gatekeeper informed them that he was under orders from the Chief at [[Bag End]] to let no one enter between sundown and sunrise. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] guessed that the Chief must be [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins|Lotho]], his greedy relative. [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] climbed over the gate. The four hobbits set out for [[Hobbiton]] and encountered a large group of Hobbit [[Shirriffs]], who informed them they were under arrest. The four hobbits laughed and moved on. One of the Shirriffs quietly warned [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] that the Chief had many [[Men]] in his service.

Leaving the Shirriffs behind, the four hobbits found a half-dozen Men who claimed they did not answer to Lotho, the Hobbit Chief, but to another mysterious boss named [[Sharkey]]. The men threatened Frodo, but the other three hobbits drew swords. The men turned and fled. Sam rode on to find [[Tolman Cotton Senior|Tom Cotton]], the oldest hobbit in the region. Farmer Cotton and his sons gathered the entire village to fight. The band of Men returned, but surrendered after a brief fight.

After the battle, Farmer Cotton explained that shortly after the Hobbits first left, Lotho had begun to purchase farmland, causing a shortage of food in Hobbiton. Cotton said that a gang of Men from the south had taken over the town. The next morning, a band of nearly one hundred Men approached Hobbiton. Pippin arrived with his [[Took Family|relatives]], and a fierce battle ensued. Seventy of the Men died in the [[Battle of Bywater]], as the conflict was forever remembered.

The three remaining companions led an envoy to Frodo's home, Bag End, to deal with the new Chief. To their surprise, the hobbits found [[Saruman]] standing at the gate to Bag End. Saruman—who, it turned out, was the mysterious boss Sharkey—pronounced a curse upon the Shire if any hobbit should harm him. Frodo assured his friends that Saruman had no power, but he forbid them to kill the wizard. As Saruman passed by Frodo, he drew a knife and stabbed Frodo, but Frodo's armor shielded him.

Frodo again demanded that his companions show mercy on the old wizard. Frodo's clemency, however, enraged Saruman. Frodo asked about his relative Lotho, and Saruman informed Frodo that his servant, [[Gríma|Wormtongue]], had killed Lotho in his sleep. Wormtongue, standing nearby, cried out that Saruman had ordered him to do so. Saruman kicked Wormtongue, but Wormtongue stabbed the old [[Wizards|wizard]]. Wormtongue fled with a yell, but three Hobbit arrows killed him. From Saruman's corpse, a grey mist rose and blew away.
==Composition==
[[Christopher Tolkien]] considers that already in [[August]] [[1939]], J.R.R. Tolkien had thought that during the [[War of the Ring]], there is also some war in the Shire, caused by the [[Sackville-Bagginses]], and later thought to make Saruman's ruffians responsible. The chapter was being written in summer [[1948]] when finally Tolkien decided that Sharkey was Saruman himself.<ref>{{HM|RS}}, p. 380</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. lxxviii</ref>

When ''[[The Return of the King]]'' was published, the chapter was interpreted as being a commentary on the situation in England, which Tolkien denied in the [[The Lord of the Rings Foreword|Foreword]] to the second edition, stating that the idea had come to him since much earlier.<ref>{{FR|Foreword|50}}, p. xxiv</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:The Return of the King chapters|Scouring of the Shire]]
[[fi:Konnun puhdistus (TSH)]]

Dawnless Day

2021-03-06T19:50:58Z

Murlo: In the chapter "The Land of Shadow", it was said to be a south-west wind that cleared the gloom.

The '''Dawnless Day''' refers to [[10 March]], {{TA|3019}},<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> when fumes from [[Mordor]] veiled the [[Sun]] in an attempt by [[Sauron]] to discourage or misguide his enemies. The veil of [[The Darkness|Darkness]] blacked out most of [[Gondor]]<ref>{{RK|V4}}</ref> and [[Rohan]],<ref name="Muster">{{RK|V5}}</ref> though some beams of light could pass through it.

Along with the Darkness, a host from [[Minas Morgul]] set forth toward [[Minas Tirith]], as witnessed by [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Gollum]] who passed the [[Cross-roads]].<ref>{{TT|IV7}}</ref> Later [[Orcs]] from the [[Morannon]] took [[Cair Andros]] and passed into [[Anórien]].<ref name="Great"/>

The Darkness was also observed by the [[Rohirrim]] who were mustering their Riders and rode from [[Harrowdale]].<ref name="Muster"/>

On this day [[Faramir]] was rescued by [[Gandalf]] and [[Imrahil]] outside the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith]] and [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] led the [[Oathbreakers|Dead Men]] and the [[Grey Company]], across the river [[Ringló]].<ref name="Great"/>

The Darkness was eventually driven away by a south-west wind<ref group=note>Perhaps sent from [[Manwë]]</ref> on the morning of [[15 March|March 15]]<ref>{{RK|VI2}}</ref>, when [[Aragorn]] and his companions came to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref>
{{references|note}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawnless Day, The}}
[[Category: Events]]

Dawnless Day

2021-03-06T18:56:36Z

Murlo: Aragorn's fleet arrived at mid-morning (9 o'clock as they would call it in the Shire) and the sun was already shining.

The '''Dawnless Day''' refers to [[10 March]], {{TA|3019}},<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> when fumes from [[Mordor]] veiled the [[Sun]] in an attempt by [[Sauron]] to discourage or misguide his enemies. The veil of [[The Darkness|Darkness]] blacked out most of [[Gondor]]<ref>{{RK|V4}}</ref> and [[Rohan]],<ref name="Muster">{{RK|V5}}</ref> though some beams of light could pass through it.

Along with the Darkness, a host from [[Minas Morgul]] set forth toward [[Minas Tirith]], as witnessed by [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Gollum]] who passed the [[Cross-roads]].<ref>{{TT|IV7}}</ref> Later [[Orcs]] from the [[Morannon]] took [[Cair Andros]] and passed into [[Anórien]].<ref name="Great"/>

The Darkness was also observed by the [[Rohirrim]] who were mustering their Riders and rode from [[Harrowdale]].<ref name="Muster"/>

On this day [[Faramir]] was rescued by [[Gandalf]] and [[Imrahil]] outside the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith]] and [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] led the [[Oathbreakers|Dead Men]] and the [[Grey Company]], across the river [[Ringló]].<ref name="Great"/>

The Darkness was eventually driven away by a Western wind (perhaps sent from [[Manwë]]) on the morning of [[15 March|March 15]], when [[Aragorn]] and his companions came to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref>
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawnless Day, The}}
[[Category: Events]]

Category talk:Middle-earth Calendars

2021-03-03T05:57:21Z

Murlo: But it looks like that category is already in use.

==Rename==
I suggest we rename it just into [[:Category:Calendars]]. We don't need "Middle-earth" as this wiki is about Middle-earth, and we don't distinguish these calendars from real-world calendars (and actually we include the Numenorean calendar).

On a second note, its subcategories should be renamed and restructured, as they are a bit inconsistent and chaotic. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 07:13, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

:I agree. The wiki's policy is to be mainly about the Legendarium, so real-world calendars should be in a category called "Calendars (real-world)". --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 12:24, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

:Makes sense to me. If a category on real-world calendars is needed, the suggested name above sounds good as well. [[User:Murlo|Murlo]] 05:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::I responded before checking that a [[:Category:Calendars]] already exists, and it seems to be for physical calendars, either real-world with a Middle-earth theme, or physical copies of Middle-earth calendars ([[Shire_Calendar_1982]] for example). It could also be renamed, to "Calendars (real-world)" or maybe even "Calendars (physical)", perhaps. [[User:Murlo|Murlo]] 05:57, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

Category talk:Middle-earth Calendars

2021-03-03T05:45:03Z

Murlo: Sounds good

Enquië

2021-01-28T16:14:06Z

Murlo:

'''''Enquië''''' is the [[Quenya]] word for ''week''. The word derives from the Quenya word for "six", ''[[enquë]]'', because in the [[Reckoning of Rivendell]] the week had six days.

An Elvish [[yén]] (144 [[coranar|solar years]]) contains 8,766 enquier. The observation of the ''week'' was more for ritual than for practical purposes; the chief day was Valanya, the last day ordinally.<ref>{{App|D2}}</ref>

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Dedication
|-
|[[Elenya]]||[[Orgilion]]||[[Stars]]
|-
|[[Anarya]]||[[Oranor]]||[[Sun]]
|-
|[[Isilya]]||[[Orithil]]||[[Moon]]
|-
|[[Aldúya]]||[[Orgaladhad]]||[[Two Trees]]
|-
|[[Menelya]]||[[Ormenel]]||[[Heavens]]
|-
|[[Valanya]] or [[Tárion]]||[[Orbelain]] or [[Rodyn]]||[[Valar]] or [[Powers]]
|}

{{week}}
{{references}}
[[category:Middle-earth Calendars]]
[[category:Quenya words]]
[[fr:essais/calendriers/calendriers#les_jours]]
[[fi:Enquië]]

Battle of the Peak

2021-01-15T15:52:31Z

Murlo: The Battle of the Peak was a 3-day battle, from the 23rd to the 25th, inclusive.

{{quote| ...Those that looked up from afar thought that the mountain was crowned with storm. Thunder they heard, and lightning, they said, smote upon Celebdil, and leaped back broken into tongues of fire.|''[[The Two Towers]]'', [[The White Rider]]}}
The '''Battle of the Peak''' was [[Gandalf|Gandalf's]] name for his climactic battle with the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] known as [[Durin's Bane]], on the peak of the mountain called [[Celebdil|Silvertine]].

Gandalf pursued the Balrog from the depths of [[Moria]].<ref name="White">{{TT|III5}}</ref> On the peak they fought for three days and two nights from [[23 January|23]] to [[25 January]] {{TA|3019}}.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> During the battle, [[Durin's Tower]] was destroyed and the entrance to the [[Endless Stair]] was blocked. In the end, the Balrog was cast down and it broke the mountain-side as it fell. Gandalf himself died following this ordeal, but was later sent back to [[Middle-earth]] with even greater powers as Gandalf the White.<ref name="White"/>
{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the War of the Ring]]
[[fi:Ylhäinen Taistelu]]

Durin's Bane

2021-01-15T15:51:29Z

Murlo: /* During the War of the Ring */ The Battle of the Peak was a 3-day battle, from the 23rd to the 25th, inclusive.

{{cleanup}}
{{evil infobox
| name=Durin's Bane
| image=[[File:Donato Giancola - The Balrog of Moria.jpg|250px]]
| caption="The Balrog of Moria" by [[Donato Giancola]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Flame of Udûn<ref name="bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref> Nameless Terror
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Morgoth]]'s dominions (early) [[Moria]] (after)
| affiliation=[[Morgoth]]
| language=
| birth=[[Creation of the Ainur]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=[[25 January]] {{TA|3019}}
| deathlocation=[[Celebdil|Zirakzigil]]
| age=
| notablefor=Killing [[Durin VI]] and ruining [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| race=[[Maiar|Maia]] ([[Balrog]])
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Whip and a flaming sword
| steed=
}}
'''Durin's Bane''' refers to a specific [[Balrogs|Balrog]] who was not otherwise named. He survived the [[War of Wrath]] and slept deep within the [[Misty Mountains]] for thousands of years afterward. After his long hibernation, he was awoken by the [[Dwarves]] in the [[Third Age]] and encountered by the [[Fellowship of the Ring]].

==History==
===Before Hibernation===
Durin's Bane was created as a [[Maia]], and followed [[Morgoth]] to [[Arda]] soon after its creation, like the other [[Balrogs]]. There he most likely fought in all major battles until the end of the [[First Age]]. When the [[Host of the Valar]] defeated the hosts of Morgoth in the War of Wrath, Durin's Bane managed to flee and escaped into the east from the ruins of [[Angband]], burying himself in the roots of the Misty Mountains beneath [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].

===Awakening and Third Age===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dwarves Delve Too Deep.jpg|thumb|left|"The Dwarves Delve Too Deep" by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
For more than five millennia, the Balrog hibernated in his deep hiding place at the roots of the mountains in Khazad-dûm. He remained undisturbed throughout the [[Second Age]] and most of the Third, before the ''[[mithril]]''-miners of dwarf-King [[Durin VI]] awoke him in {{TA|1980}}. Durin was slain by the creature, at which point he became known as ''Durin's Bane''.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

The Dwarves attempted to fight the Durin's Bane, but his power was far too great. Despite their efforts to hold Khazad-dûm against it, King Náin and many of the Dwarves were killed and the survivors were forced to flee. This disaster appears to have also reached the [[Silvan Elves]] of [[Lothlórien]], many of whom also fled the "'''Nameless Terror'''" (it was not recognized as a Balrog at the time). The elves began to call the place ''Moria'', "The Black Pit".

For five hundred years, Moria was left to the Balrog.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix B]]</ref>

[[Sauron]] began to put his plans for war into effect around the year [[Third Age 2480|2480]] of the Third Age. As part of these plans, he sent [[Orcs]] and [[Trolls]] to the Misty Mountains to bar all of the passes. Some of these creatures came to Moria. It is unclear whether the Balrog would still submit to Sauron as Melkor's chief lieutenant, but it is probable that he would have been cooperative at the very least. The Balrog did allow the Orcs and trolls to remain in Moria while he dwelt there, and although they doubtlessly feared him, some worshipped him as a spiritual being.

The [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] was the climactic battle in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]. It took place before the eastern gate of Moria in [[Third Age 2799|2799]] and was a victory for the Dwarves. However, the victors did not conquer Moria because [[Dáin Ironfoot]], having slain the Orc [[Azog]], felt the terror of the Balrog at the gate. Despite a failed attempt to recolonise Moria by [[Balin]] in [[Third Age 2989|2989]], Durin's Bane remained a menace in the ancient kingdom of the Dwarves whose nature was hidden to the outside world.

===During the War of the Ring===
In January of 3019, the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] travelled through Moria on the way to [[Mount Doom]]. There they encountered Durin's Bane at the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. The Elf [[Legolas]] instantly recognised the Balrog, despite having never seen one before. More importantly, the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] was there (perhaps for this very purpose); and knowing that it was far more powerful than even the greatest of his companions, he challenged it.<ref name="bridge" />

Since Gandalf and the Balrog were both Maiar, they were beings of the same order. As they faced each other, Gandalf broke the Bridge in front of him, but as the Balrog fell he wrapped his whip around Gandalf's knees, which dragged him to the brink. Gandalf staggered and fell, sliding into the abyss, crying "Fly, you fools!" and was gone. Neither he nor the Balrog was killed by the fall, and Gandalf pursued the creature for eight days until they climbed to the peak of [[Celebdil|Zirakzigil]]. Here they [[Battle of the Peak|fought]] for three days and two nights. In the end, the Balrog was cast down and his body broke the mountain-side as it fell. Gandalf himself died following this ordeal, but was later sent back to Middle-earth with even greater powers as Gandalf the White.<ref>{{TT|White}}</ref>

===Beyond the Third Age===
Durin's Bane is the only Balrog mentioned after the War of Wrath, and the only one of two ever given a name, the other being [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]. It is unknown how many, if any, other Balrogs still lived on or where they dwelled, hibernating or awakened.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery>File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Balrog.jpg|Durin's Bane in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Balrog.jpg|Durin's Bane in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]</gallery>

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Balrog has wings and appears capable of limited flight. The head resembles a lion but the rest of the body was rendered in matte black, a technique commonly used for shadowy surreal effect in rotoscope animation.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Durin's Bane has wings. Jackson's Demon of Might was indistinct, a real blend of shadow and fire. Only his horned head, cloven feet, and clawed hands could clearly be seen.
:In the film continuity, the Orcs of Moria (here specified as "goblins") have crafted their armor and weapons to match the fiery appearance of the Balrog, apparently worshipping it as a deity.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:The Balrog is the boss of the level "Abyss Fight". He cannot be harmed except when he is stunned with Gandalf's lightning.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'':'''
:The players assist Gandalf in his fight with the Balrog.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Many of the Evil factions can summon a Balrog, specifically Durin's Bane, for a short period of time. He is one of the mightiest units in the game, only able to be summoned with experience points. He is similar in design to the Balrog in the movie.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Like in the previous installment, the Balrog can be summoned by evil factions.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Durin's Bane can be observed in two "session plays" (player character not present): one depicts the awakening of the Balrog by Dwarves under [[Durin]] VI, the other depicts dwarves of Balin's company fleeing from the ancient evil. After Gandalf defeats him, the lifeless body of Durin's Bane can be found on the slopes of Zirakzigil. Despite the players knowing that the Balrog is dead, another Servant of Sauron tests their will and fears by portraying an illusion of him. In the illusion, the fight between Gandalf and the Balrog on the [[Endless Stair]] is recreated, until it ends the opposite way of the actual event: the Balrog defeats the Wizard, throwing his lifeless body from Zirakzigil. Players have to defeat the Balrog in order to combat the illusion.

'''2013: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Durin's Bane is only seen as a light that chases the player(s) through Moria. When they reach the Bridge of Khazad-dûm, he appears in a cutscene where Gandalf destroys the bridge and the Balrog pulls him down. Then, the player is Gandalf and has to grab Glamdring and land on Durin's Bane, where he has to stab it while avoiding the Balrog's firey breath. When this is over, the game starts another cutscene that ends the level. Later, Gandalf appears on a snowy mountain with a tower on top. When he reaches the top of the tower, the Balrog climbs on. The Balrog repeatedly sweeps his fiery whip and strikes the ground with his sword. Then lighting begins to strike at one place and the Balrog breathes fire and is weakened. Gandalf uses his sword to direct the lightning at Durin's Bane and his health goes down. The lightning will strike at three different places, and when the Balrog loses all of his health by being hit three times, he will fall off the mountain and die.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Balrogs|Images of Balrogs]]

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Balrogs]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]
[[de:Durins Fluch]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:ainur:maiar:balrogs:fleau_de_durin]]
[[fi:Durinin Turma]]

Fourth Age

2020-12-28T17:47:10Z

Murlo:

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Fourth Age''' began after [[Sauron]] was finally defeated, when his [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]] was destroyed, and the [[Keepers of the Three Rings]] left Middle-earth for the [[Valinor|Uttermost West]].
==Start of the Fourth Age==
The [[Third Age]] was held to have ended when Master Elrond left Middle-earth on [[29 September]] of {{TA|3021}}.<ref name=Calendars>{{App|Calendars}}</ref> However, not all calendars in use in Middle-earth at that time reset their count of years to {{FoA|1}} in the same year, on the same date, or indeed at all. As such, years given for certain events in the Fourth Age differ according to the calendar used.<ref group=note> The discrepancy is noted in the [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/f/fourthage.html Encyclopedia of Arda]</ref> [[Tolkien Gateway]] follows [[Shire]] usage for all Fourth Age dates.

==Reckoning of years==
The [[Shire Reckoning]] is the calendar system used for all dates in the [[Red Book]]; its epoch {{SR|1}} corresponds to {{TA|1601}}.<ref name=Hobbits>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> The Shire Reckoning did not reset its count of years with the end of the Third Age, rather it continued uninterrupted from {{SR|1421}} to {{SR|1422}}, and "in so far as the Hobbits took any account of the change of Age, they maintained that it began with [[2 Yule]] 1422."<ref name=Calendars/> This means that S.R. 1422 is also {{TA|3022}} and Fo.A. 1 as far as dates in the Red Book are concerned.

In [[Gondor]] and the rest of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] outside the Shire, the [[New Reckoning]] calendar entered use starting in {{TA|3019}}. Under this calendar, the year that began on [[25 March]] as T.A. 3021 is also Fo.A. 1.<ref name=Calendars/> As such, T.A. 3022 corresponds to {{FoA|2}} in the New Reckoning, so for roughly three-quarters of the year, a given date in the Shire will be accounted part of the following year elsewhere in the Reunited Kingdom.<ref group=note>The Shire Reckoning project's [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/Middle-earth-simulation.html Middle-earth calendar simulations] can be used to calculate years in both the Shire Reckoning and New Reckoning for various dates during the Fourth Age, demonstrating the discrepancies described in this section.</ref>

This partial overlap is due to the fact that the [[Shire Calendar]] and the [[New Reckoning]] begin their years on different days: 2 Yule for the Shire and 25 March for the rest of the Reunited Kingdom (as these days are named in the Shire Calendar; their New Reckoning equivalents are 7 [[Narvinyë]] and [[Yestarë]] respectively). Dates on or after 2 Yule and before 25 March count as taking place in the same year of the Fourth Age according to either calendar, but dates on and after 25 March belong to the next year outside the Shire. As such, the death of King [[Elessar]] recorded in the Red Book on [[1 March]] {{SR|1541}} is accounted as having taken place in {{FoA|120}} in both calendars (the New Reckoning names that day 8 [[Súlimë]]).

There are few dates given in the [[Legendarium]] that require the reader to account for this difference, because most dates of the Fourth Age are already explicitly expressed in terms of the Shire Reckoning. For example, [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]]'s departure from Middle-earth is given as S.R. 1541,<ref name="Later"/> so it can be stated with confidence that their departure took place in Fo.A. 120. (There is ambiguity when determining the year of their departure under the New Reckoning because the day is unknown, but we have no need to make that determination.) The exceptions are both from the [[Note on the Shire Records]] and are as follows:
* Tolkien explains that the text of ''The Lord of the Rings'' descends from a copy of the Red Book made in Gondor that bore the note "Findegil, King’s Writer, finished this work in IV 172."<ref name=Records>{{FR|Records}}</ref> The accompanying text notes the equivalent year {{SR|1592}}, which is {{FoA|171}} in the Shire Reckoning, so this note must have been written with regard to the New Reckoning calendar before 7 Narvinyë.
* In the same paragraph, Tolkien refers to [[Peregrin Took]]'s retirement to Gondor in "IV 64."<ref name=Records>{{FR|Records}}</ref> We are told elsewhere that Peregrin and his companion [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] arrived in Gondor sometime between the autumn and the ending of {{SR|1484}}, which is {{FoA|63}} in the Shire Reckoning.<ref name="Later">{{App|Later}}</ref> As such, the stated "IV 64" must be in reference to the New Reckoning calendar, again, prior to 7 Narvinyë.

==History==
There is no information on more than the first few centuries of this age, so it is not known when it ended, if it ever did, although it was probably shorter than 3 millennia.<ref name="Letter211"/>

This age was (presumably) marked by the recovery of the [[Númenor]]ean kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], and a flourishing of their subjects, including [[the Shire]] and the [[Hobbits]], while the [[House of Durin]] retook [[Moria]] until the race of [[Dwarves]] failed.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> Eventually that would lead to the final [[Dominion of Men]] over [[Arda]], coming together with the total waning of the [[Elves]] and other dwindling races, such as the [[Ents]] and probably the Dwarves.

The [[Last Ship]] of the [[Elves]], carrying [[Círdan]], [[Celeborn]], and all remaining Elves of the [[First Age]] left Middle-earth some time after {{FoA|171}}.<ref name=Records/>

In a 1972 letter concerning ''[[The New Shadow]]'', Tolkien mentioned that Eldarion's reign would have lasted for about 100 years after the death of Aragorn.<ref name="L338">{{L|338}}</ref>

==Further future?==
Tolkien said that he thought the distance between the end of the Third Age and the 20th century A.D. was about 6000 years, and that in [[1958]] it should have been around the end of the Fifth Age if the Fourth and Fifth Ages were about the same length as the Second and Third Ages. He said, however, in a letter written in 1958 that he believed the Ages had quickened and that it was about the end of the Sixth Age/beginning of the Seventh.<ref name="Letter211">{{L|211}}.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Timeline/Fourth Age|Timeline of the Fourth Age]]
* ''[[The New Shadow]]''

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Ages]]
[[de:Das Vierte Zeitalter]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/quatrieme_age]]
[[fi:Neljäs Aika]]

Fourth Age

2020-12-27T17:56:42Z

Murlo: Added External links to the Shire Reckoning project calendar simulations

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Fourth Age''' began after [[Sauron]] was finally defeated, when his [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]] was destroyed, and the [[Keepers of the Three Rings]] left Middle-earth for the [[Valinor|Uttermost West]].
==Start of the Fourth Age==
The [[Third Age]] was held to have ended when Master Elrond left Middle-earth on [[29 September]] of {{TA|3021}}.<ref name=Calendars>{{App|Calendars}}</ref> However, not all calendars in use in Middle-earth at that time reset their count of years to {{FoA|1}} in the same year, on the same date, or indeed at all. As such, years given for certain events in the Fourth Age differ according to the calendar used.<ref group=note> The discrepancy is noted in the [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/f/fourthage.html Encyclopedia of Arda]</ref> [[Tolkien Gateway]] follows [[Shire]] usage for all Fourth Age dates.

==Reckoning of years==
The [[Shire Reckoning]] is the calendar system used for all dates in the [[Red Book]]; its epoch {{SR|1}} corresponds to {{TA|1601}}.<ref name=Hobbits>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> The Shire Reckoning did not reset its count of years with the end of the Third Age, rather it continued uninterrupted from {{SR|1421}} to {{SR|1422}}, and "in so far as the Hobbits took any account of the change of Age, they maintained that it began with [[2 Yule]] 1422."<ref name=Calendars/> This means that S.R. 1422 is also {{TA|3022}} and Fo.A. 1 as far as dates in the Red Book are concerned.

In [[Gondor]] and the rest of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] outside the Shire, the [[New Reckoning]] calendar entered use starting in {{TA|3019}}. Under this calendar, the year that began on [[25 March]] as T.A. 3021 is also Fo.A. 1.<ref name=Calendars/> As such, T.A. 3022 corresponds to {{FoA|2}} in the New Reckoning, so for roughly three-quarters of the year, a given date in the Shire will be accounted part of the following year elsewhere in the Reunited Kingdom.<ref group=note>The Shire Reckoning project's [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/Middle-earth-simulation.html Middle-earth calendar simulations] can be used to calculate Fourth Age years in both the Shire Reckoning and New Reckoning for various dates, demonstrating the discrepancies described in this section.</ref>

This partial overlap is due to the fact that the [[Shire Calendar]] and the [[New Reckoning]] begin their years on different days: 2 Yule for the Shire and 25 March for the rest of the Reunited Kingdom (as these days are named in the Shire Calendar; their New Reckoning equivalents are 7 [[Narvinyë]] and [[Yestarë]] respectively). Dates on or after 2 Yule and before 25 March count as taking place in the same year of the Fourth Age according to either calendar, but dates on and after 25 March belong to the next year outside the Shire. As such, the death of King [[Elessar]] recorded in the Red Book on [[1 March]] {{SR|1541}} is accounted as having taken place in {{FoA|120}} in both calendars (the New Reckoning names that day 8 [[Súlimë]]).

There are few dates given in the [[Legendarium]] that require the reader to account for this difference, because most dates of the Fourth Age are already explicitly expressed in terms of the Shire Reckoning. For example, [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]]'s departure from Middle-earth is given as S.R. 1541,<ref name="Later"/> so it can be stated with confidence that their departure took place in Fo.A. 120. (There is ambiguity when determining the year of their departure under the New Reckoning because the day is unknown, but we have no need to make that determination.) The exceptions are both from the [[Note on the Shire Records]] and are as follows:
* Tolkien explains that the text of ''The Lord of the Rings'' descends from a copy of the Red Book made in Gondor that bore the note "Findegil, King’s Writer, finished this work in IV 172."<ref name=Records>{{FR|Records}}</ref> The accompanying text notes the equivalent year {{SR|1592}}, which is {{FoA|171}} in the Shire Reckoning, so this note must have been written with regard to the New Reckoning calendar before 7 Narvinyë.
* In the same paragraph, Tolkien refers to [[Peregrin Took]]'s retirement to Gondor in "IV 64."<ref name=Records>{{FR|Records}}</ref> We are told elsewhere that Peregrin and his companion [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] arrived in Gondor sometime between the autumn and the ending of {{SR|1484}}, which is {{FoA|63}} in the Shire Reckoning.<ref name="Later">{{App|Later}}</ref> As such, the stated "IV 64" must be in reference to the New Reckoning calendar, again, prior to 7 Narvinyë.

==History==
There is no information on more than the first few centuries of this age, so it is not known when it ended, if it ever did, although it was probably shorter than 3 millennia.<ref name="Letter211"/>

This age was (presumably) marked by the recovery of the [[Númenor]]ean kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], and a flourishing of their subjects, including [[the Shire]] and the [[Hobbits]], while the [[House of Durin]] retook [[Moria]] until the race of [[Dwarves]] failed.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> Eventually that would lead to the final [[Dominion of Men]] over [[Arda]], coming together with the total waning of the [[Elves]] and other dwindling races, such as the [[Ents]] and probably the Dwarves.

The [[Last Ship]] of the [[Elves]], carrying [[Círdan]], [[Celeborn]], and all remaining Elves of the [[First Age]] left Middle-earth some time after {{FoA|171}}.<ref name=Records/>

In a 1972 letter concerning ''[[The New Shadow]]'', Tolkien mentioned that Eldarion's reign would have lasted for about 100 years after the death of Aragorn.<ref name="L338">{{L|338}}</ref>

==Further future?==
Tolkien said that he thought the distance between the end of the Third Age and the 20th century A.D. was about 6000 years, and that in [[1958]] it should have been around the end of the Fifth Age if the Fourth and Fifth Ages were about the same length as the Second and Third Ages. He said, however, in a letter written in 1958 that he believed the Ages had quickened and that it was about the end of the Sixth Age/beginning of the Seventh.<ref name="Letter211">{{L|211}}.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Timeline/Fourth Age|Timeline of the Fourth Age]]
* ''[[The New Shadow]]''

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Ages]]
[[de:Das Vierte Zeitalter]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/quatrieme_age]]
[[fi:Neljäs Aika]]

Fourth Age 171

2020-12-27T02:22:14Z

Murlo: 1 Yule actually equates with 6 Narvinyë

{{ardayearheader|91|95|120|121|171|185|220}}
* A copy of the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] is completed in [[Gondor]] by [[Findegil]], the [[King's Writer]].<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref>
==Note==
The ''[[Note on the Shire Records]]'' gives this date as "F.A. 17'''2'''" and "IV 17'''2'''," but also states its [[Shire Reckoning]] equivalent to be S.R. 1592. Since S.R. 1592 is equivalent to Fo.A. 171 under the Shire Reckoning, the year number 172 must refer to the [[New Reckoning]] of Gondor. The New Reckoning count of years in the Fourth Age is [[Fourth Age#Reckoning of years|ahead of the Shire count]] by one for all days of the year between 25 [[March]] and 1 [[Yule]] (these days are named [[Yestarë]] and 6 [[Narvinyë]] respectively in the New Reckoning).
{{references}}
[[Category:Fourth Age years|0, Fourth Age 0171]]

Reckoning of Rivendell

2020-12-22T06:31:00Z

Murlo: Undo revision 324542 by Turumbar (talk): There is no 31 May in the Shire Calendar

The '''Calendar of Imladris''' or '''Reckoning of Rivendell''' (in the [[Red Book]]) is an [[Elves|Elvish]] calendar, and perhaps the only Elvish calendar known to the [[Hobbits]].

==Structure==

The [[Eldar]] measured time on two scales:
#Long periods of time were reckoned in ''[[yén]]i'', which corresponded to 144 solar years<ref group=note>The number 144 (12x12) is 100 in the [[Wikipedia:duodecimal|duodecimal system]]; in other words a ''yén'' is a duodecimal century.</ref> containing 8,766 ''[[enquië|enquier]]'' (six-day weeks) or 52,596 days.
#A single solar year was called a ''[[Coranar]]'' ("sun-round") or ''[[Loa]]'' ("growth"); this was divided into six long "months", or rather short "seasons", of irregular length.

In addition to the six seasons, a ''coranar'' had additional days inserted into the calendar to bring the total to 365 days. The first day of the year was ''[[yestarë]]'', which preceded ''Tuilë'', and the last day of the year was ''[[mettarë]]'', which followed ''Coirë''. Between ''yávië'' and ''quellë'' were three ''[[enderi]]'' ("middle-days") which were doubled every twelve years as leap days.

The names of the six seasons and additional days of the ''coranar'' were:
{| class="TGtable"
![[Quenya]] name
![[Sindarin]] name
!English Translation
!Length in Days
!Relationship to the [[Shire Calendar]], more or less<ref group=note>Based on the statement in [[Appendix D]] that [[Yestarë]] in the Calendar of Imladris "corresponded more or less with Shire April 6". Since [[Appendix_B|The Tale of Years]] lists the "Meeting of Celeborn and Thranduil" on [[6 April]] in {{TA|3019}}, which is said to have taken place on the "New Year of the Elves", this relationship applies to the years around the end of the Third Age.</ref>
|-
|[[Yestarë]] || ||First Day || 1 || [[6 April]]
|-
|[[Tuilë]] || [[Ethuil]] || Spring || 54 || [[7 April]] through [[30 May]]
|-
|[[Lairë]] || [[Laer]] || Summer || 72 || [[1 June]] through [[9 August]]
|-
|[[Yávië]] || [[Iavas]] || Autumn || 54 || [[10 August]] through [[3 October]]
|-
|[[Enderi]] || ||Middle Days || 3 or 6 || [[4 October]] through [[6 October]]
|-
|[[Quellë]] || [[Firith]] || Fading || 54 || [[7 October]] through [[30 November]]
|-
|[[Hrívë]] || [[Rhîw]] || Winter || 72 || [[1 December]] through [[10 February]]
|-
|[[Coirë]] || [[Echuir]] || Stirring || 54 || [[11 February]] through [[4 April]]
|-
|[[Mettarë]] || ||Last Day || 1 || [[5 April]]
|}
''Quellë'' was also known as ''[[Lasse-lanta]]'' ("leaf-fall") or, in Sindarin, [[Narbeleth]] ("Sun-waning").

A ''yén'' would be over 1 day too long when compared to the length of 144 [[wikipedia:Tropical year|solar year]]s.<ref group=note>144 years multiplied by the length of a [[wikipedia:Tropical year|solar year]] (given in [[Appendix D]] as 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46 seconds) results in approximately 52594.8767 days.</ref> There is a note in the [[Red Book]] on the '''Reckoning of Rivendell''' that the last year of every third ''yén'' omitted the doubling of its ''enderi''; in other words, every 432nd year only had 3 ''enderi'' and omitted the 3 leap days due in that year (see: ''[[haranyë]]''). The note also mentions that the omission of the 3 leap days every 432 years 'has not happened in our time' (the time of the writing of the [[Red Book]]). Any further methods of adjustment are unknown.<ref name="D2">{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

==Days of the week==

The Eldar (who preferred to reckon in sixes and twelves where possible) observed a week of six days, but more for ritual than for practical purposes.<ref name="D2" />

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Dedication
|-
|[[Elenya]]||[[Orgilion]]||[[Stars]]
|-
|[[Anarya]]||[[Oranor]]||[[Sun]]
|-
|[[Isilya]]||[[Orithil]]||[[Moon]]
|-
|[[Aldúya]]||[[Orgaladhad]]||[[Two Trees]]
|-
|[[Menelya]]||[[Ormenel]]||[[Heavens]]
|-
|[[Valanya]] or [[Tárion]]||[[Orbelain]] or [[Rodyn]]||[[Valar]] or [[Powers]]
|}

==Observations==

The number of days in a leap year cycle of the Calendar of Imladris is very close to number of days in a leap year cycle of the modern [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]], since 3 leap days every 12 years in the Calendar of Imladris is the same average as 1 leap day every 4 years in the Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar, however, omits 3 leap days every 400 years (the last year of a century except in centuries divisible by 400), whereas the Calendar of Imladris omits 3 leap days every 432 years.<ref name="psarandoSR">{{webcite|author=Paul Sarando|articleurl=https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/#rivendell-reckoning-notes|articlename=Rivendell Reckoning Notes|website=[https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/ Shire Reckoning: A visualization of the calendars described in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings Appendix D]|accessed=15 May 2018}}</ref>

The only correlation between this calendar and any other is a statement in [[Appendix D]] that [[Yestarë]] in the Calendar of Imladris "corresponded more or less with Shire April 6", and [[Appendix_B|The Tale of Years]] lists the "Meeting of Celeborn and Thranduil" on [[6 April]] in {{TA|3019}}, which is said to have taken place on the "New Year of the Elves".<ref name="AppB4">{{App|B4}}</ref>

Note that due to the differences in the leap year rules between the Calendar of Imladris and the [[Shire Calendar]], even if the Yestarë of the Calendar of Imladris fell on a Shire April 6 in one year, that does not mean it would fall on Shire April 6 in every year. Within 4 years, after the Shire Calendar adds its leap day, Yestarë would start falling a day earlier in the Shire Calendar (April 5). This continues every 4 years until the Calendar of Imladris has a leap year and adds its 3 leap days. This would cause Yestarë to re-sync with with Shire April 6 once again; or, depending on when the Calendar of Imladris started reckoning, it could actually start falling on a day or more after Shire April 6. So Yestarë could fall anywhere from Shire April 4, 5, and 6, or April 5, 6, and 7, or April 6, 7, and 8; and if the leap years in these calendars are not in sync, that adds the possibility of Yestarë falling on a Shire April 3 or 9 in leap years of the Calendar of Imladris. Any of these may be possible, with the only known restriction that Yestarë of the Calendar of Imladris should fall on [[6 April]] in {{TA|3019}}.<ref name="psarandoSR" />

Although it's not stated when the Calendar of Imladris was established or from what year it started reckoning, Paul Sarando suggests one possibility in the [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/#rivendell-reckoning-notes Shire Reckoning project's "Rivendell Reckoning Notes"], which seems to fit the restrictions listed above: if the Calendar of Imladris started reckoning from the first [[Years of the Sun|Year of the Sun]] in the [[First Age]] ({{FA|1}}), then it would have started a new 432-year cycle just before the birth of [[Bilbo Baggins]], and its next would not be due until well after the [[Red Book]] was copied in [[Gondor]]. Also, since the Yestarë of the Calendar of Imladris should fall on [[6 April]] in {{TA|3019}}, then reckoning from {{FA|1}} means its Yestarë would generally fall on Shire April 5, 6, or 7 around the end of the [[Third Age]], which appears to fit nicely with Tolkien's statement that it "corresponded more or less with Shire April 6".<ref name="psarandoSR" /> Note that reckoning from {{FA|1}} does not necessarily mean that the calendar was already invented and in use in that year. It could have been invented anytime later, but it may have calculated its rules and leap days retroactively starting with {{FA|1}}.

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Middle-earth Calendars]]

Durin's Day

2020-11-15T16:25:29Z

Murlo: /* Upcoming */ Undo Oct 15, 2020, since the new moon was the 16th and is no longer upcoming

[[File:Eric Fraser - Durin's Day.jpg|[[Eric Fraser]] - ''Durin's Day''|thumb]]

'''Durin's Day''' is a rare event noted by [[Dwarves]].

The new year of their calendar was the last cycle of the [[Moon]] to begin in autumn, or in [[Thorin]]'s words "the first day of the last moon of Autumn on the threshold of Winter"<ref>{{H|Rest}}</ref>. When on this day both the [[Sun]] and Moon may be seen in the sky together, it is called '''Durin's Day'''.

The [[Moon-letters]] written on [[Thrór's Map]] predicted that on Durin's Day the last light of the Sun as night fell would reveal the [[Back Door|secret door]] into the [[Lonely Mountain]].
==Calculation==
Unlike ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] left no precise timetable for the events of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. However, in ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'', Tolkien set [[19 October]] as the date of that year's [[Durin's Day]].<ref name="The History of The Hobbit">{{HH|T3}}, pp. 826,828</ref>

Before the ''History'' some calculations were made. According to [[Andreas Möhn]], the Durin's Day of {{TA|2941}} occurred on [[22 October]] of the [[Shire Calendar]]. This is based in the assumption that the orbital period of the moon, as described in ''The Lord of the Rings'', was about 20 minutes shorter/faster than today.<ref>{{webcite|author=Andreas Möhn|articleurl=http://pages.citebite.com/b3g6a9v1lflq|articlename=The Moon and Durin's Day|dated=|website=lalaithmesp.blogspot.com|accessed=15-02-2018}}</ref>

[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] made a rough estimation based purely on the traveling times and distances, without any astronomical calculations. She puts the Durin's Day on [[30 October]].<ref>{{HM|AME}}, "The Hobbit", p. 100</ref>

==Upcoming==
Upcoming dates of Dwarven new year are:{{fact}}
*Oct 6, 2021
*Oct 25, 2022
*Oct 15, 2023
*Oct 3, 2024
*Oct 21, 2025
{{references}}

[[Category: Events]]
[[de:Durins Tag]]
[[fi:Durinin päivä]]

Durin's Day

2020-11-06T15:48:46Z

Murlo: /* Upcoming */ fix {{fact}} tag

Shire Calendar

2020-06-30T17:57:32Z

Murlo: /* Days of the week */ Undo "Note". This is not correct. Sterrenday etc. were archaic forms of those words and were no longer pronounced that way. See http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Sterday for example.

The '''Shire Calendar''' was used by the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]]. It was different from that used by the [[Men]], [[Dwarves]] and [[Elves]]. Use of this calendar in Middle-earth is referred to as '''[[Shire-reckoning]]'''.

The calendar featured 12 months, all 30 days long, plus 5 or 6 named days added to round out 365 days (or 366 for leap years). Two of the named days were [[Yuledays]]; one was the first day of the year and the other was the last day of the year. Between June and July were the [[Lithedays]]. In common years (not leap years) there were three: 1 Lithe, [[Mid-year's Day]], and 2 Lithe. In leap years (every fourth year except in the last year of a century) an extra [[Overlithe]] Day was added after Mid-year's Day. All of the named days were major holidays (and a reason for feasting) with Overlithe being a day of special merrymaking.<ref name="D1">{{App|Shire}}</ref><ref name="D2">{{App|Calendars}}</ref> The two Yuledays were actually a portion of Yuletide, which included the last three and first three days of each year.<ref name="D2" />

In ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', the names of months and days are given in modern equivalents. For instance, [[Afteryule]] is called ''January'' and [[Sterday]] is called ''Saturday''.<ref name="D2" />

==History==
When the [[Hobbits]] were still a [[Wandering Days|wandering]] people, their calendaric unit was not a 'week', but a 'month', governed more or less by the [[Moon]]. In their old calendar, the new year began after harvest. This can be seen in the name of the month [[Winterfilth]] meaning "filling (of the year) before winter".

However, through contact with alien peoples (perhaps the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]]) they adopted the notion of weeks which formed the [[Shire Reckoning]]. It was based on the [[King's Reckoning]] but with several minor alterations to fit their customs.

One innovation introduced by the [[Shire-hobbits]] was the '''[[Shire-reform]]''' (also eventually adopted in the [[Bree Calendar]]). In the time of Thain [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]] they arranged that Mid-year’s Day (and the Overlithe) would not have a weekday name, which stopped the shifting of weekday names in relation to dates. This change made the first day of the year always correspond to the first day of the week, and the last day of the year always correspond to the last day of the week. Over time, since the same date in any year had the same weekday name as in any other year, the Shire-folk ceased to record the weekday in letters and diaries. Since no month began on a Friday this arrangement also birthed a jesting idiom in the Shire: "On Friday the first" referred to a non-existent day or one on which impossible things would occur (the full expression was "on Friday the first of [[Summerfilth]]").<ref name="D2" />

==Months of the year and special days==
The Shire calendar's year was divided into 12 months of 30 days. Five additional days were added to create a 365-day year.

The twelve months of the [[Shire Calendar]] were: [[Afteryule]], [[Solmath]], [[Rethe]], [[Astron]], [[Thrimidge]], [[Forelithe]], [[Afterlithe]], [[Wedmath]], [[Halimath]], [[Winterfilth]], [[Blotmath]], and [[Foreyule]]. Solmath was usually pronounced and sometimes written as Somath. Thrimidge was often written Thrimich and Blotmath was pronounced as Blodmath or Blommath.

In the [[Eastfarthing]] the names of Afteryule, Astron, and Foreyule, were [[Frery]], [[Chithing]], and [[Yulemath]], respectively. These correspond for the names used in [[Bree]] for those months.<ref name="D2" />

{|border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Shire Name
!Bree Name
!Translation in ''The Lord of the Rings''
!Approximate relationship to [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]]<ref name="psarandoSR">{{webcite|author=Paul Sarando|articleurl=https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/#reckoning-start-dates|articlename=Shire Reckoning Notes|website=[https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/ Shire Reckoning: A visualization of the calendars described in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings Appendix D]|accessed=19 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ||''[[2 Yule]]''||||||22nd of December
|-
|align=center|1||''[[Afteryule]]''||''[[Frery]]''||January||23rd December to 21st January
|-
|align=center|2||''[[Solmath]]''||''Solmath''||February||22nd January to 20th February
|-
|align=center|3||''[[Rethe]]''||''Rethe''||March||21st February to 22nd March
|-
|align=center|4||''[[Astron]]''||''[[Chithing]]''||April||23rd March to 21st of April
|-
|align=center|5||''[[Thrimidge]]''||''Thrimidge''||May||22nd April to 21st May
|-
|align=center|6||''[[Forelithe]]''||''[[Lithe]]''||June||22nd May to 20th June
|-
|align=center| ||''[[Lithedays|1 Lithe]]''||rowspan="4"|''The Summerdays''||||21st June
|-
|align=center| ||''[[Mid-year's Day]]''||||22nd June
|-
|align=center| ||''[[Overlithe]]''||||Leap day
|-
|align=center| ||''[[Lithedays|2 Lithe]]''||||23rd June
|-
|align=center|7||''[[Afterlithe]]''||''[[Mede]]''||July||24th June to 23rd July
|-
|align=center|8||''[[Wedmath]]''||''Wedmath''||August||24th July to 22nd August
|-
|align=center|9||''[[Halimath]]''||''[[Harvestmath]]''||September||23rd August to 21st September
|-
|align=center|10||''[[Winterfilth]]''||''[[Wintring]]''||October||22nd September to 21st October
|-
|align=center|11||''[[Blotmath]]''||''[[Blooting]]''||November||22nd October to 20th November
|-
|align=center|12||''[[Foreyule]]''||''[[Yulemath]]''||December||21st November to 20th December
|-
|align=center| ||''[[1 Yule]]''||||||21st of December
|}

The ''[[Yuledays]]'' were the days that mark the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one, so 2 Yule was the first day of the year. The ''Lithedays'' (referred to as the ''Summerdays'' in Bree) are the three days in the middle of the year, 1 Lithe, Mid-year's Day, and 2 Lithe. In leap years (every fourth year except centennial years) a day was added after Mid-year's Day called ''Overlithe''. All these days were placed outside of any month. These days were primarily holidays and feast days. ''Mid-year's Day'' is meant to correspond to the [[wikipedia:Solstice|summer solstice]], being approximately 10 days earlier than the middle day of our year.<ref name="D2" />

== Days of the week ==

The seven weekdays of the Shire Calendar (at the time of the [[War of the Ring]]) were [[Sterday]], [[Sunday]], [[Monday]], [[Trewsday]], [[Hevensday]] (or Hensday), [[Mersday]], and [[Highday]]. The last day of the week, Highday, was the chief day, a post-noon holiday and time for evening feasts.

The Mid-year's Day and, when present, Overlithe had no weekday assignments. This arrangement was used because it caused every day to have the same weekday designation from year to year (instead of changing as in the [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]]).

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Day Name
!Meaning
!Translation in ''The Lord of the Rings''
!Relationship to Gregorian calendar
|-
|''[[Sterday]]''||Stars of [[Varda]]||Saturday||Monday
|-
|''[[Sunday]]''||[[Sun]]||Sunday||Tuesday
|-
|''[[Monday]]''||[[Moon]]||Monday||Wednesday
|-
|''[[Trewsday]]''||[[Two Trees]] of Valinor||Tuesday||Thursday
|-
|''[[Hevensday]]''||[[Ilmen|Heavens]]||Wednesday||Friday
|-
|''[[Mersday]]''||[[Belegaer|Sea]]||Thursday||Saturday
|-
|''[[Highday]]''||[[Valar]]||Friday||Sunday
|}

Highday was a holiday with evening feasts.

All days of the week were translated in ''The Lord of the Rings'' according to the table above, except in Bilbo's Song where Saturday and Sunday were used in place of Mersday and Highday, to preserve the "weekend" meaning those week days have in the modern Gregorian calendar.<ref name="D2" />

==Inspiration==
The names of the months of the Shire Calendar are highly based on the [[wikipedia:Germanic calendar|Germanic calendar]].

{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://shire-reckoning.com/ The Shire-reckoning] website, dedicated to detailed analysis of the Hobbit Calendar.
*The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Hobbit Calendar]]

[[de:Auenland-Kalender]]
[[fi:Konnun kalenteri]]

Kings' Reckoning

2019-11-21T14:39:19Z

Murlo: Removed {{sources}} tag (see notes in Talk page).

The name given to the calendar system used in [[Númenor]] throughout the [[Second Age]], and in [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] throughout much of the [[Third Age]]. It divided the year into twelve months (properly called [[astar]]), and included three days that did not belong to any month: [[yestarë]], [[loëndë]] and [[mettarë]]. The King's Reckoning lasted until the loss of [[Eärnur]] the last [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]. It was revised by [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]], the first [[Ruling Steward]], who replaced it with the system known as the [[Stewards' Reckoning]].<ref name="D2">{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Structure==
The year was divided into twelve months, with three days outside the months. These divisions are given in the table below.

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Length
!English translation
!Relationship to the [[Shire Calendar]]<ref group=note>Based on the statement in [[Appendix D]] that the day of the destruction of the [[One Ring]], Shire [[25 March]] in {{TA|3019}}, "was, however, March 25 in both Kings' and Stewards' Reckoning." This may only apply around the end of the Third Age, since it is unknown if the [[Shire Calendar]] incorporated the Kings' Reckoning 2-day "millennial additions" or any of the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] additional adjustments.</ref>
|-
| ||[[Yestarë]]|| || 1 || First day || [[2 Yule]]
|-
|1||[[Narvinyë]]||Narwain|| 30 ||New sun || [[Afteryule]]
|-
|2||[[Nénimë]] || Nínui || 30 ||Watery || [[Solmath]]
|-
|3||[[Súlimë]] || Gwaeron || 30 || Windy / wind month<ref name="Silm_sul">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''sul''</ref> || [[Rethe]]
|-
|4||[[Víressë]] || Gwirith || 30 || New / young / budding?<ref name="salo">{{HM|GS}}, Appendix 6</ref> || [[Astron]]
|-
|5||[[Lótessë]] || Lothron || 30 || Flower month || [[Thrimidge]]
|-
|6 || [[Nárië]] || Nórui || 31 || Sunny<ref name="salo" /> || 1 [[Forelithe]] through [[Lithedays|1 Lithe]]
|-
| ||[[Loëndë]]/[[Enderi]]|| || 1/2 || Year-middle<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2953281353.html|articlename=Q. ''loëndë'' n.|website=[http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]|accessed=25 September 2019}}</ref> (Middle days) || [[Mid-year's Day]]/[[Overlithe]]
|-
|7||[[Cermië]] || Cerveth || 31 ||Cutting?<ref name="allan_29">{{HM|IE}}, p. 29</ref> || [[Lithedays|2 Lithe]] through 30 [[Afterlithe]]
|-
|8||[[Úrimë]] || Urui || 30 ||Hot<ref name="Silm_ur">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''ur''</ref> || [[Wedmath]]
|-
|9||[[Yavannië]] || Ivanneth || 30 || Fruit giving || [[Halimath]]
|-
|10||[[Narquelië]] || Narbeleth || 30 || Sun-fading || [[Winterfilth]]
|-
|11||[[Hísimë]] || Hithui || 30 || Misty<ref name="Silm_hith">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''hith''</ref> || [[Blotmath]]
|-
|12||[[Ringarë]] || Girithron || 30 || Cold / shivering month || [[Foreyule]]
|-
| ||[[Mettarë]]|| || 1 || Last day || [[1 Yule]]
|}

In leap years, [[loëndë]] was replaced with two [[enderi]]; this occurred in years divisible by 4 but not by 100 (''[[haranyë]]''), resulting in a 366-day year, similar to modern [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] leap years. In addition, in years divisible by 1000 loëndë was replaced by three enderi{{fact}}, resulting in a 367-day year. These leap year rules held throughout the [[Second Age]] and continued based on the restarted numbering of [[Third Age]] years, and the 2-day "millennial additions" continued through {{TA|2000}}. This calendar was replaced by the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] in {{TA|2060}}.<ref name="D2" />

According to [[Jim Allan]] in ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', each of the elvish month names has a correspondence to the months of the [[Wikipedia:French Republican Calendar|French Republican Calendar]]; for example, Nénimë/Pluviôse mean "Rainy", Súlìmë/Ventôse mean "Windy". Jim Allan suggests that Tolkien used this similarity because the French Republican Calendar was based on earlier unrecorded Germanic month names.<ref name="allan">{{HM|IE}}, p. 151</ref>

==Days of the week==
When the Kings' Reckoning was first implemented the Númenóreans used the [[Elven]] week of six days. At unspecified points of the [[Second Age]] two changes were made; the first being to rename the fourth day Aldúya to Aldëa (Orgaladh in Sindarin) in order to change the dedication to the [[White Tree]], and the second being to insert an extra day, Eärenya (Oraearon), after the fifth day Menelya.<ref name="D2" /> Thus, the eventual Númenórean week was as follows:

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Dedication
|-
|[[Elenya]]||[[Orgilion]]||[[Stars]]
|-
|[[Anarya]]||[[Oranor]]||[[Sun]]
|-
|[[Isilya]]||[[Orithil]]||[[Moon]]
|-
|[[Aldëa]]||[[Orgaladh]]||[[White Tree]]
|-
|[[Menelya]]||[[Ormenel]]||[[Heavens]]
|-
|[[Eärenya]]||[[Oraearon]]||[[Sea]]
|-
|[[Valanya]]||[[Orbelain]]||[[Valar]]
|}

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category: Middle-earth Calendars]]

Talk:Kings' Reckoning

2019-09-25T14:55:28Z

Murlo: {{sources}} tag can be removed now?

The <nowiki>{{sources}}</nowiki> tag was first added when this article was only stub and the table with English translations was added. All other references appear to be properly cited now. If we could get sources for the English translations of the following Quenya/Sindarin words, then I think the <nowiki>{{sources}}</nowiki> tag could be removed:
* [[Narvinyë]] / [[Narwain]]
* [[Nénimë]] / [[Nínui]]
* [[Víressë]] / [[Gwirith]] (we have a source for a "freshness" or "youth" translation, but not budding)
* [[Nárië]] / [[Nórui]]
* [[Loëndë]]
* [[Cermië]] / [[Cerveth]]
-- [[User:Murlo|Murlo]] 15:19, 23 July 2019 (UTC)

:Some more sources have been added, so the remaining translations that need a source are now as follows:
:* [[Víressë]] / [[Gwirith]] (we have a source for a "freshness" or "youth" translation, but not budding)
:* [[Nárië]] / [[Nórui]]
:* [[Loëndë]]
:* [[Cermië]] / [[Cerveth]]
:-- [[User:Murlo|Murlo]] 15:11, 7 August 2019 (UTC)

:I've found references for the rest of these English translations. I think that should be enough to remove the <nowiki>{{sources}}</nowiki> tag now.
:-- [[User:Murlo|Murlo]] 14:55, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

Kings' Reckoning

2019-09-25T14:47:16Z

Murlo: /* Structure */ Added remaining references for English translations in table.

{{Sources}}

The name given to the calendar system used in [[Númenor]] throughout the [[Second Age]], and in [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] throughout much of the [[Third Age]]. It divided the year into twelve months (properly called [[astar]]), and included three days that did not belong to any month: [[yestarë]], [[loëndë]] and [[mettarë]]. The King's Reckoning lasted until the loss of [[Eärnur]] the last [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]. It was revised by [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]], the first [[Ruling Steward]], who replaced it with the system known as the [[Stewards' Reckoning]].<ref name="D2">{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Structure==
The year was divided into twelve months, with three days outside the months. These divisions are given in the table below.

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Length
!English translation
!Relationship to the [[Shire Calendar]]<ref group=note>Based on the statement in [[Appendix D]] that the day of the destruction of the [[One Ring]], Shire [[25 March]] in {{TA|3019}}, "was, however, March 25 in both Kings' and Stewards' Reckoning." This may only apply around the end of the Third Age, since it is unknown if the [[Shire Calendar]] incorporated the Kings' Reckoning 2-day "millennial additions" or any of the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] additional adjustments.</ref>
|-
| ||[[Yestarë]]|| || 1 || First day || [[2 Yule]]
|-
|1||[[Narvinyë]]||Narwain|| 30 ||New sun || [[Afteryule]]
|-
|2||[[Nénimë]] || Nínui || 30 ||Watery || [[Solmath]]
|-
|3||[[Súlimë]] || Gwaeron || 30 || Windy / wind month<ref name="Silm_sul">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''sul''</ref> || [[Rethe]]
|-
|4||[[Víressë]] || Gwirith || 30 || New / young / budding?<ref name="salo">{{HM|GS}}, Appendix 6</ref> || [[Astron]]
|-
|5||[[Lótessë]] || Lothron || 30 || Flower month || [[Thrimidge]]
|-
|6 || [[Nárië]] || Nórui || 31 || Sunny<ref name="salo" /> || 1 [[Forelithe]] through [[Lithedays|1 Lithe]]
|-
| ||[[Loëndë]]/[[Enderi]]|| || 1/2 || Year-middle<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2953281353.html|articlename=Q. ''loëndë'' n.|website=[http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]|accessed=25 September 2019}}</ref> (Middle days) || [[Mid-year's Day]]/[[Overlithe]]
|-
|7||[[Cermië]] || Cerveth || 31 ||Cutting?<ref name="allan_29">{{HM|IE}}, p. 29</ref> || [[Lithedays|2 Lithe]] through 30 [[Afterlithe]]
|-
|8||[[Úrimë]] || Urui || 30 ||Hot<ref name="Silm_ur">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''ur''</ref> || [[Wedmath]]
|-
|9||[[Yavannië]] || Ivanneth || 30 || Fruit giving || [[Halimath]]
|-
|10||[[Narquelië]] || Narbeleth || 30 || Sun-fading || [[Winterfilth]]
|-
|11||[[Hísimë]] || Hithui || 30 || Misty<ref name="Silm_hith">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''hith''</ref> || [[Blotmath]]
|-
|12||[[Ringarë]] || Girithron || 30 || Cold / shivering month || [[Foreyule]]
|-
| ||[[Mettarë]]|| || 1 || Last day || [[1 Yule]]
|}

In leap years, [[loëndë]] was replaced with two [[enderi]]; this occurred in years divisible by 4 but not by 100 (''[[haranyë]]''), resulting in a 366-day year, similar to modern [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] leap years. In addition, in years divisible by 1000 loëndë was replaced by three enderi{{fact}}, resulting in a 367-day year. These leap year rules held throughout the [[Second Age]] and continued based on the restarted numbering of [[Third Age]] years, and the 2-day "millennial additions" continued through {{TA|2000}}. This calendar was replaced by the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] in {{TA|2060}}.<ref name="D2" />

According to [[Jim Allan]] in ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', each of the elvish month names has a correspondence to the months of the [[Wikipedia:French Republican Calendar|French Republican Calendar]]; for example, Nénimë/Pluviôse mean "Rainy", Súlìmë/Ventôse mean "Windy". Jim Allan suggests that Tolkien used this similarity because the French Republican Calendar was based on earlier unrecorded Germanic month names.<ref name="allan">{{HM|IE}}, p. 151</ref>

==Days of the week==
When the Kings' Reckoning was first implemented the Númenóreans used the [[Elven]] week of six days. At unspecified points of the [[Second Age]] two changes were made; the first being to rename the fourth day Aldúya to Aldëa (Orgaladh in Sindarin) in order to change the dedication to the [[White Tree]], and the second being to insert an extra day, Eärenya (Oraearon), after the fifth day Menelya.<ref name="D2" /> Thus, the eventual Númenórean week was as follows:

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Dedication
|-
|[[Elenya]]||[[Orgilion]]||[[Stars]]
|-
|[[Anarya]]||[[Oranor]]||[[Sun]]
|-
|[[Isilya]]||[[Orithil]]||[[Moon]]
|-
|[[Aldëa]]||[[Orgaladh]]||[[White Tree]]
|-
|[[Menelya]]||[[Ormenel]]||[[Heavens]]
|-
|[[Eärenya]]||[[Oraearon]]||[[Sea]]
|-
|[[Valanya]]||[[Orbelain]]||[[Valar]]
|}

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category: Middle-earth Calendars]]

User:Murlo

2019-08-22T16:09:12Z

Murlo: Initial introduction

Talk:Kings' Reckoning

2019-08-07T15:11:22Z

Murlo: Updated list of {{sources}} still needed.

User talk:Mith/2019

2019-07-25T15:39:03Z

Murlo: Restore my last comment.

{{talkarchive|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010|2011|2012|2013|2014|2015|2016|2017|2018}}
<table style="border: 1px solid #c0c090; background-color: #f8eaba; width:80%; margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto;"><tr><td rowspan="2">[[Image:Nuvola apps edu languages.png|none|50px|link=]]</td><td><div id="talk" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; clear: both;><big>'''''Welcome to [[User:Mith|Mith]]'s talk page.'''''</big></div></td></tr><tr><td><ul><li>Please [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new}} post your new topic at the ''bottom''] of this page, including a '''<nowiki>==Descriptive heading==</nowiki>'''.</li><li>You should sign and date your posts by inserting "'''<nowiki>~~</nowiki>~~'''" at the end of them.</li><li>Please indent your posts with "''':'''" if replying to an existing topic (or "'''::'''" if replying to a reply, etc.).</li><li>I will generally respond ''here'' to comments that are posted here, rather than replying via your talk page (or the article talk page, if you are writing to me about an article), so you may want to [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=watch}} watch this page].</li><li>If I have left a message on ''your'' talk page, please continue the discussion there; '''DO NOT''' reply here. This is ensure that discussions do not become fragmented over several talk pages.</li></ul>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new}} '''⇒ Start a new talk topic.''']</td></tr></table>


==Enormous New Tolkien Exhibit!==

Hey Mith, check this out! This is huge!
http://www.openculture.com/2019/01/the-largest-j-r-r-tolkien-exhibit-in-generations-is-coming-to-the-u-s.html

--{{User:Holdwine Meriadoc/sig}}

:Check the location on my profile. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 21:26, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

::Wow. I'm such a Took. Sorry. --{{User:Holdwine Meriadoc/sig}}

== Hobitit ==

Why didn't anyone edit this page before? You could have added these information before me. {{unsignedanon|80.107.134.88}}

:I could, but I didn't. There is no commissioning editor for Tolkien Gateway, so each user edits what they want to edit. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 16:13, 7 June 2019 (UTC)

== Middle-earτh Shadow of War ==

Hello.Can you upload at least one image related to the videogame [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War|Middle-earth Shadow of War]]?I don't have the ability to upload images on Tolkien Gateway but you do. {{unsignedanon|94.64.73.128}}

:I do, but I don't want to do it! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:31, 8 June 2019 (UTC)

::Only one image and nothing more. {{unsignedanon|94.64.73.128}}

:::Nope. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 20:48, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

== Reverts to [[Kings' Reckoning]] edits? ==

Is there a particular reason why ''all'' my edits over the past year to the [[Kings' Reckoning]] have been reverted? I tried to keep my revisions contained so if there was some problem with one of them, that 1 revision could easily be reverted, but why revert them all? Even adding a ''fact'' tag and a link to [[Elven]] had to be reverted? --[[User:Murlo|Murlo]] 07:08, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

:Apologies, I only saw the latest edit and I only intended to revert that rather than the, all. The reason for wanting to revert the last one is we generally use <nowiki>{{sources}}</nowiki> over repeated <nowiki>{{fact}}</nowiki>s. Sorry about that; I was rushing and must have missed that you had other edits there. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:50, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

::OK, I see now. Thanks for the clarification. Maybe I'll make note of the translations that still need sources in that article's talk page instead. --[[User:Murlo|Murlo]] 21:25, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

User talk:Mith/2019

2019-07-23T15:21:47Z

Murlo: Issue resolved.

Talk:Kings' Reckoning

2019-07-23T15:19:29Z

Murlo: Discussion on removing the {{sources}} tag.

Narvinyë

2019-07-23T15:12:53Z

Murlo: Added {{fact}} tag for English translation.

'''Narvinyë''' ([[Narwain]] in [[Sindarin]]) was the first month of the year in the [[Kings' Reckoning]] and the [[Stewards' Reckoning]]. In both calendars, ''Narvinyë'' followed the first day of the year, [[yestarë]], preceded the month of [[Nénimë]], and was 30 days long, lasting from the 2nd through the 31st days of the year. In the [[New Reckoning]] it was the tenth month of the year, immediately following [[Ringarë]].<ref name="D2">{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

''Narvinyë'' in the Kings' and Stewards' Reckoning corresponded to [[Afteryule]] in the [[Shire Calendar]] (approximately modern [[23 December]] through [[21 January]]).<ref name="D2" /> Its name meant 'new year' (or, literally, 'new sun'){{fact}}.

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Narvinye}}
[[Category:Months]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

Shire-reckoning

2019-07-23T14:45:13Z

Murlo: Shire-reckoning counts years from T.A. 1601.

The '''Shire-reckoning''' ([[Gondor Sindarin]]: '''''Genediad Drannail'''''<ref>{{SD|Epilogue}}</ref>) was the calendar system used by the [[Hobbits]] in [[the Shire]] and (eventually) in [[Bree]].

In Bree, Year 1 corresponded to {{TA|1300}}, however the Shire-reckoning Year 1 corresponded to {{TA|1601}}: the year that colonization of the Shire began by the [[Bree-hobbits]] [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]]. Therefore, years of the Third Age can be converted to Shire-years by subtracting 1600.

The last year of the Third Age was year {{SR|1421}}. In the [[New Reckoning]] of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]], the year {{FoA|1}} began on [[March 25]], old style. The Hobbits mostly ignored the change and so for them the first year of the [[Fourth Age]] was just {{SR|1422}}.

==See also==
*[[Shire Calendar]]

{{references}}

[[Category: Middle-earth Calendars]]
[[de:Auenland-Kalender]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/comput_de_la_comte]]
[[fi:Konnunlasku]]

User talk:Mith/2019

2019-06-11T21:25:27Z

Murlo: /* Reverts to Kings' Reckoning edits? */

User talk:Mith/2019

2019-06-11T07:08:57Z

Murlo: /* Reverts to Kings' Reckoning edits? */ new section

Yavannië

2019-04-07T04:34:53Z

Murlo: Summarized the New Reckoning correspondence of Yavannië to the Shire Calendar, and added a {{seealso}} tag to Cormarë.

'''Yavannië''' ([[Ivanneth]] in [[Sindarin]]) was the ninth month of the year in the [[King's Reckoning]] and the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] of [[Gondor]], following [[Úrimë]], and preceding the month of [[Narquelië]]. In the Stewards' Reckoning, ''Yavannië'' preceded the autumn feast of [[Yáviérë]]. In the [[New Reckoning]], ''Yavannië'' was the sixth month of the year (still following ''Úrimë'') and preceded the New Reckoning's ''[[Enderi]]''.<ref name="D2">{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

''Yavannië'' in the Kings' Reckoning (and for the most part in the Stewards' Reckoning) corresponded to [[Halimath]] in the [[Shire Calendar]]<ref name="D2" /> (approximately modern [[23 August]] through [[21 September]]). In the New Reckoning, 30 Yavannië corresponded with the birthday of [[Frodo Baggins]], [[22 September|22 Halimath]] in the [[Shire Calendar]], and was made a festival.<ref name="D2" />

{{seealso|Cormarë}}
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yavannie}}
[[Category:Months]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

New Reckoning

2019-04-07T04:27:13Z

Murlo: More clarifications on "30 Yavannië" vs. "Cormarë"

[[Aragorn]] the [[King Elessar]]'s '''New Reckoning''' was the calendar system introduced in [[Gondor]] shortly after the [[War of the Ring]] and intended to replace the [[Stewards' Reckoning]]. It became the common calendar of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] during the [[Fourth Age]], except in [[The Shire]] where the use of the [[Shire Calendar]] continued.

The chief feature of the '''New Reckoning''' calendar was that the year began on the anniversary of the destruction of [[the One Ring]].

Its other notable feature was that the birthday of [[Frodo Baggins]], 30 [[Yavannië]] in the '''New Reckoning''' which corresponded with [[22 September|22 Halimath]] in the [[Shire Calendar]], was made a festival in honor of the [[Ring-bearer]]. In leap-years 30 Yavannië corresponded with 21 Halimath in the Shire Calendar (due to its [[Overlithe]] leap-day at midsummer), so the '''New Reckoning''' leap-day was inserted between ''Yavannië'' and the ''[[Enderi]]'', and Frodo's birthday feast, called ''[[Cormarë]]'' or "Ringday", was doubled in leap-years.<ref name="D2">{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Structure==

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Relationship to [[Shire Calendar]]
|-
| ||[[Yestarë]]|| || 25 [[Rethe]]
|-
|1||[[Víressë]] || Gwirith || 26 Rethe to 25 [[Astron]]
|-
|2||[[Lótessë]] || Lothron || 26 Astron to 25 [[Thrimidge]]
|-
|3 || [[Nárië]] || Nórui || 26 Thrimidge to 25 [[Forelithe]]
|-
|4||[[Cermië]] || Cerveth || 26 Forelithe to 22 [[Afterlithe]] (21 in leap years)
|-
|5||[[Úrimë]] || Urui || 23 (22) Afterlithe to 22 (21) [[Wedmath]]
|-
|6||[[Yavannië]] || Ivanneth || 23 (22) Wedmath to 22 (21) [[Halimath]]
|-
| ||[[Cormarë]]|| || 22 Halimath<ref group=note>It's not clear if the last day of Yavannië was still referred to as "30 Yavannië", or if this day, and the leap-day, were simply called ''Cormarë''.</ref>
|-
| ||1 [[Enderi|Enderë]]|| || 23 Halimath
|-
| ||[[Loëndë]]|| || 24 Halimath
|-
| ||2 Enderë|| || 25 Halimath
|-
|7||[[Narquelië]] || Narbeleth || 26 Halimath to 25 [[Winterfilth]]
|-
|8||[[Hísimë]] || Hithui || 26 Winterfilth to 25 [[Blotmath]]
|-
|9||[[Ringarë]] || Girithron || 26 Blotmath to 25 [[Foreyule]]
|-
|10||[[Narvinyë]]||Narwain|| 26 Foreyule to 23 [[Afteryule]]
|-
|11||[[Nénimë]] || Nínui || 24 Afteryule to 23 [[Solmath]]
|-
|12||[[Súlimë]] || Gwaeron || 24 Solmath to 23 Rethe
|-
| ||[[Mettarë]]|| || 24 Rethe
|}

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Middle-earth Calendars]]
[[de:Neue Zeitrechnung]]
[[fi:Uusi lasku]]

Cormarë

2019-04-07T04:07:46Z

Murlo: More clarifications on "30 Yavannië" vs. "Cormarë"

__NOTOC__
{{disambig-two|a day of celebration in the [[legendarium]]|series of books published by [[Walking Tree Publishers]]|[[Cormarë Series]]}}

'''Cormarë''' or '''Ringday''' was a day of celebrations in the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of the [[Fourth Age]] to celebrate the birthday of [[Frodo Baggins]], destroyer of [[the One Ring]].

In [[Aragorn]] the [[King Elessar]]'s [[New Reckoning]] calendar, 30 [[Yavannië]] was made a festival in honor of the [[Ring-bearer]], since it corresponded with Frodo's birthday, [[22 September]] in the [[Shire Calendar]]. Except in leap-years 30 Yavannië corresponded with 21 September in the Shire Calendar (due to its [[Overlithe]] leap-day at midsummer), so the New Reckoning's leap-day was inserted between ''Yavannië'' and its [[Enderi]] and Frodo's birthday feast was doubled in leap-years.<ref>{{App|D2}}</ref> It's not clear if the last day of the month of ''Yavannië'' was still referred to as "30 Yavannië", or if this day, and the leap-day, were simply called ''Cormarë''.

==Etymology==

''Cormarë'' is a [[Quenya]] word glossed as "Ringday", apparently containing the unattested word ''[[corma]]'' ("ring").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/eng-quen.rtf|articlename=English-Quenya Wordlist (Quettaparma Quenyanna)|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=25 June 2011}}</ref>
==Uses outside the legendarium==
22 September is a popular "ceremonial" date for founding [[:Category:Tolkien Societies|Tolkien societies]]. [[Unquendor]] (the Netherlands), [[Eredain]] (Switzerland), [[Imladris, Danmarks Tolkienforening|Imladris]] (Denmark) and several others were founded on this day. Another ceremonial day is [[3 January]], the birthday of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

Among [[Tolkien fandom|fans]], 22 September is also commonly observed as the [[Hobbit Day]].

==External links==
*[http://www.americantolkiensociety.org/hobbit_day_and_tolkien_week.htm Hobbit Day and Tolkien Week]

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cormare}}
[[Category:Middle-earth Calendars]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Neue_Zeitrechnung#Beschreibung]]
[[fi:Cormarë]]

Kings' Reckoning

2019-04-06T19:06:27Z

Murlo: Removed {{sources}} tag by adding appropriate {{fact}} tags: Tag was first added when this article was only stub and the table with English translations was added. All other references appear to be properly cited.

The name given to the calendar system used in [[Númenor]] throughout the [[Second Age]], and in [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] throughout much of the [[Third Age]]. It divided the year into twelve months (properly called [[astar]]), and included three days that did not belong to any month: [[yestarë]], [[loëndë]] and [[mettarë]]. The King's Reckoning lasted until the loss of [[Eärnur]] the last [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]. It was revised by [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]], the first [[Ruling Steward]], who replaced it with the system known as the [[Stewards' Reckoning]].<ref name="D2">{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Structure==
The year was divided into twelve months, with three days outside the months. These divisions are given in the table below.

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Length
!English translation
!Relationship to the [[Shire Calendar]]<ref group=note>Based on the statement in [[Appendix D]] that the day of the destruction of the [[One Ring]], Shire [[25 March]] in {{TA|3019}}, "was, however, March 25 in both Kings' and Stewards' Reckoning." This may only apply around the end of the Third Age, since it is unknown if the [[Shire Calendar]] incorporated the Kings' Reckoning 2-day "millennial additions" or any of the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] additional adjustments.</ref>
|-
| ||[[Yestarë]]|| || 1 || First Day<ref name="D2" /> || [[2 Yule]]
|-
|1||[[Narvinyë]]||Narwain|| 30 || New sun{{fact}} || [[Afteryule]]
|-
|2||[[Nénimë]] || Nínui || 30 || Watery{{fact}} || [[Solmath]]
|-
|3||[[Súlimë]] || Gwaeron || 30 || Windy / wind month<ref name="Silm_sul">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''sul''</ref> || [[Rethe]]
|-
|4||[[Víressë]] || Gwirith || 30 || New / young / budding?{{fact}} || [[Astron]]
|-
|5||[[Lótessë]] || Lothron || 30 || Flower month || [[Thrimidge]]
|-
|6 || [[Nárië]] || Nórui || 31 || Sunny{{fact}} || 1 [[Forelithe]] through [[Lithedays|1 Lithe]]
|-
| ||[[Loëndë]]/[[Enderi]]|| || 1/2 || Year-middle{{fact}} (Middle-days<ref name="D2" />) || [[Mid-year's Day]]/[[Overlithe]]
|-
|7||[[Cermië]] || Cerveth || 31 || Cutting?{{fact}} || [[Lithedays|2 Lithe]] through 30 [[Afterlithe]]
|-
|8||[[Úrimë]] || Urui || 30 ||Hot<ref name="Silm_ur">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''ur''</ref> || [[Wedmath]]
|-
|9||[[Yavannië]] || Ivanneth || 30 || Fruit giving || [[Halimath]]
|-
|10||[[Narquelië]] || Narbeleth || 30 || Sun-fading || [[Winterfilth]]
|-
|11||[[Hísimë]] || Hithui || 30 || Misty<ref name="Silm_hith">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''hith''</ref> || [[Blotmath]]
|-
|12||[[Ringarë]] || Girithron || 30 || Cold / shivering month || [[Foreyule]]
|-
| ||[[Mettarë]]|| || 1 || Last Day<ref name="D2" /> || [[1 Yule]]
|}

In leap years, [[loëndë]] was replaced with two [[enderi]]; this occurred in years divisible by 4 but not by 100 (''[[haranyë]]''), resulting in a 366-day year, similar to modern [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] leap years. In addition, in years divisible by 1000 loëndë was replaced by three enderi{{fact}}, resulting in a 367-day year. These leap year rules held throughout the [[Second Age]] and continued based on the restarted numbering of [[Third Age]] years, and the 2-day "millennial additions" continued through {{TA|2000}}. This calendar was replaced by the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] in {{TA|2060}}.<ref name="D2" />

According to [[Jim Allan]] in ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', each of the elvish month names has a correspondence to the months of the [[Wikipedia:French Republican Calendar|French Republican Calendar]]; for example, Nénimë/Pluviôse mean "Rainy", Súlìmë/Ventôse mean "Windy". Jim Allan suggests that Tolkien used this similarity because the French Republican Calendar was based on earlier unrecorded Germanic month names.<ref name="allan">{{HM|IE}}, p. 151</ref>

==Days of the week==
When the Kings' Reckoning was first implemented the Númenóreans used the [[Elven]] week of six days. At unspecified points of the [[Second Age]] two changes were made; the first being to rename the fourth day Aldúya to Aldëa (Orgaladh in Sindarin) in order to change the dedication to the [[White Tree]], and the second being to insert an extra day, Eärenya (Oraearon), after the fifth day Menelya.<ref name="D2" /> Thus, the eventual Númenórean week was as follows:

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Dedication
|-
|[[Elenya]]||[[Orgilion]]||[[Stars]]
|-
|[[Anarya]]||[[Oranor]]||[[Sun]]
|-
|[[Isilya]]||[[Orithil]]||[[Moon]]
|-
|[[Aldëa]]||[[Orgaladh]]||[[White Tree]]
|-
|[[Menelya]]||[[Ormenel]]||[[Heavens]]
|-
|[[Eärenya]]||[[Oraearon]]||[[Sea]]
|-
|[[Valanya]]||[[Orbelain]]||[[Valar]]
|}

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category: Middle-earth Calendars]]

Nínui

2019-04-06T18:55:15Z

Murlo: Add {{fact}} tag for English translation.

'''Nínui''' is the second month of the calendar of the [[Dúnedain]]. It was also called [[Nénimë]] in [[Quenya]].<ref>{{App|Calendars}}</ref> Both words mean as much as "Wet"{{fact}} - presumably a reference to the late winter rains and their results.

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ninui}}
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Months]]

Narwain

2019-04-06T18:53:56Z

Murlo: Added {{fact}} tag for English translation.

'''Narwain''' ([[Narvinyë]] in [[Quenya]]) was the first month of the year in the [[Kings' Reckoning|Kings']] and [[Stewards' Reckoning]], and the tenth month in the [[New Reckoning]]. ''Narwain'' in the Kings' and Stewards' Reckoning corresponded to [[Afteryule]] in the [[Shire Calendar]] (approximately modern [[23 December]] through [[21 January]]).<ref>{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

''Narwain'' translates to 'new sun'.{{fact}}

{{References}}
[[Category:Months]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]
[[de:Narvinyë]]
[[fi:Narwain]]

Kings' Reckoning

2019-04-06T18:35:17Z

Murlo: /* Days of the week */ Punctuation and proper casing of "Elven".

{{Sources}}

The name given to the calendar system used in [[Númenor]] throughout the [[Second Age]], and in [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] throughout much of the [[Third Age]]. It divided the year into twelve months (properly called [[astar]]), and included three days that did not belong to any month: [[yestarë]], [[loëndë]] and [[mettarë]]. The King's Reckoning lasted until the loss of [[Eärnur]] the last [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]. It was revised by [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]], the first [[Ruling Steward]], who replaced it with the system known as the [[Stewards' Reckoning]].<ref name="D2">{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Structure==
The year was divided into twelve months, with three days outside the months. These divisions are given in the table below.

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Length
!English translation
!Relationship to the [[Shire Calendar]]<ref group=note>Based on the statement in [[Appendix D]] that the day of the destruction of the [[One Ring]], Shire [[25 March]] in {{TA|3019}}, "was, however, March 25 in both Kings' and Stewards' Reckoning." This may only apply around the end of the Third Age, since it is unknown if the [[Shire Calendar]] incorporated the Kings' Reckoning 2-day "millennial additions" or any of the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] additional adjustments.</ref>
|-
| ||[[Yestarë]]|| || 1 || First day || [[2 Yule]]
|-
|1||[[Narvinyë]]||Narwain|| 30 ||New sun || [[Afteryule]]
|-
|2||[[Nénimë]] || Nínui || 30 ||Watery || [[Solmath]]
|-
|3||[[Súlimë]] || Gwaeron || 30 || Windy / wind month<ref name="Silm_sul">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''sul''</ref> || [[Rethe]]
|-
|4||[[Víressë]] || Gwirith || 30 || New / young / budding? || [[Astron]]
|-
|5||[[Lótessë]] || Lothron || 30 || Flower month || [[Thrimidge]]
|-
|6 || [[Nárië]] || Nórui || 31 || Sunny || 1 [[Forelithe]] through [[Lithedays|1 Lithe]]
|-
| ||[[Loëndë]]/[[Enderi]]|| || 1/2 || Year-middle (Middle days) || [[Mid-year's Day]]/[[Overlithe]]
|-
|7||[[Cermië]] || Cerveth || 31 ||Cutting? || [[Lithedays|2 Lithe]] through 30 [[Afterlithe]]
|-
|8||[[Úrimë]] || Urui || 30 ||Hot<ref name="Silm_ur">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''ur''</ref> || [[Wedmath]]
|-
|9||[[Yavannië]] || Ivanneth || 30 || Fruit giving || [[Halimath]]
|-
|10||[[Narquelië]] || Narbeleth || 30 || Sun-fading || [[Winterfilth]]
|-
|11||[[Hísimë]] || Hithui || 30 || Misty<ref name="Silm_hith">{{HM|S}}, Appendix, s.v. ''hith''</ref> || [[Blotmath]]
|-
|12||[[Ringarë]] || Girithron || 30 || Cold / shivering month || [[Foreyule]]
|-
| ||[[Mettarë]]|| || 1 || Last day || [[1 Yule]]
|}

In leap years, [[loëndë]] was replaced with two [[enderi]]; this occurred in years divisible by 4 but not by 100 (''[[haranyë]]''), resulting in a 366-day year, similar to modern [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] leap years. In addition, in years divisible by 1000 loëndë was replaced by three enderi{{fact}}, resulting in a 367-day year. These leap year rules held throughout the [[Second Age]] and continued based on the restarted numbering of [[Third Age]] years, and the 2-day "millennial additions" continued through {{TA|2000}}. This calendar was replaced by the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] in {{TA|2060}}.<ref name="D2" />

According to [[Jim Allan]] in ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', each of the elvish month names has a correspondence to the months of the [[Wikipedia:French Republican Calendar|French Republican Calendar]]; for example, Nénimë/Pluviôse mean "Rainy", Súlìmë/Ventôse mean "Windy". Jim Allan suggests that Tolkien used this similarity because the French Republican Calendar was based on earlier unrecorded Germanic month names.<ref name="allan">{{HM|IE}}, p. 151</ref>

==Days of the week==
When the Kings' Reckoning was first implemented the Númenóreans used the [[Elven]] week of six days. At unspecified points of the [[Second Age]] two changes were made; the first being to rename the fourth day Aldúya to Aldëa (Orgaladh in Sindarin) in order to change the dedication to the [[White Tree]], and the second being to insert an extra day, Eärenya (Oraearon), after the fifth day Menelya.<ref name="D2" /> Thus, the eventual Númenórean week was as follows:

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Dedication
|-
|[[Elenya]]||[[Orgilion]]||[[Stars]]
|-
|[[Anarya]]||[[Oranor]]||[[Sun]]
|-
|[[Isilya]]||[[Orithil]]||[[Moon]]
|-
|[[Aldëa]]||[[Orgaladh]]||[[White Tree]]
|-
|[[Menelya]]||[[Ormenel]]||[[Heavens]]
|-
|[[Eärenya]]||[[Oraearon]]||[[Sea]]
|-
|[[Valanya]]||[[Orbelain]]||[[Valar]]
|}

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category: Middle-earth Calendars]]

Cormarë

2019-04-06T18:18:59Z

Murlo: Attempted to clarify the definition of Cormarë as given in Appendix D, including some description of the New Reckoning calendar.

__NOTOC__
{{disambig-two|a day of celebration in the [[legendarium]]|series of books published by [[Walking Tree Publishers]]|[[Cormarë Series]]}}

'''Cormarë''' or '''Ringday''' was a day of celebrations in the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of the [[Fourth Age]] to celebrate the birthday of [[Frodo Baggins]], destroyer of [[the One Ring]].

In [[Aragorn]] the [[King Elessar]]'s [[New Reckoning]] calendar, 30 [[Yavannië]] was made a festival in honor of the [[Ring-bearer]], since it corresponded with Frodo's birthday, [[22 September]] in the [[Shire Calendar]]. Except in leap-years 30 Yavannië corresponded with 21 September in the Shire Calendar, so the New Reckoning's leap-day was inserted between ''Yavannië'' and its [[Enderi]], and was called ''Cormarë'' or "Ringday"<ref group=note>It's not clear whether Frodo's birthday festival on 30 Yavannië was also called ''Cormarë'', or if that was only the name of the leap-day.</ref>, and Frodo's birthday feast was doubled in leap-years.<ref>{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Etymology==

''Cormarë'' is a [[Quenya]] word glossed as "Ringday", apparently containing the unattested word ''[[corma]]'' ("ring").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/eng-quen.rtf|articlename=English-Quenya Wordlist (Quettaparma Quenyanna)|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=25 June 2011}}</ref>
==Uses outside the legendarium==
22 September is a popular "ceremonial" date for founding [[:Category:Tolkien Societies|Tolkien societies]]. [[Unquendor]] (the Netherlands), [[Eredain]] (Switzerland), [[Imladris, Danmarks Tolkienforening|Imladris]] (Denmark) and several others were founded on this day. Another ceremonial day is [[3 January]], the birthday of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

Among [[Tolkien fandom|fans]], 22 September is also commonly observed as the [[Hobbit Day]].

==External links==
*[http://www.americantolkiensociety.org/hobbit_day_and_tolkien_week.htm Hobbit Day and Tolkien Week]

{{References|note}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cormare}}
[[Category:Middle-earth Calendars]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Neue_Zeitrechnung#Beschreibung]]
[[fi:Cormarë]]

New Reckoning

2019-04-06T18:17:00Z

Murlo: Expanded the description of the New Reckoning calendar and removed the {{stub}} tag (I don't think there is much more that can be said).

[[Aragorn]] the [[King Elessar]]'s '''New Reckoning''' was the calendar system introduced in [[Gondor]] shortly after the [[War of the Ring]] and intended to replace the [[Stewards' Reckoning]]. It became the common calendar of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] during the [[Fourth Age]], except in [[The Shire]] where the use of the [[Shire Calendar]] continued.

The chief feature of the '''New Reckoning''' calendar was that the year began on the anniversary of the destruction of [[the One Ring]].

Its other notable feature was that the birthday of [[Frodo Baggins]], 30 Yavannië in the '''New Reckoning''' which corresponded with [[22 September|22 Halimath]] in the [[Shire Calendar]], was made a festival in honor of the [[Ring-bearer]]. In leap-years 30 Yavannië corresponded with 21 Halimath in the Shire Calendar, so a leap-day was inserted between [[Yavannië]] and the [[Enderi]], and was called ''[[Cormarë]]'' or "Ringday"<ref group=note>It's not clear whether Frodo's birthday festival on 30 Yavannië was also called ''Cormarë'', or if that was only the name of the leap-day.</ref>, and Frodo's birthday feast was doubled in leap-years.<ref name="D2">{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Structure==

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Relationship to [[Shire Calendar]]
|-
| ||[[Yestarë]]|| || 25 [[Rethe]]
|-
|1||[[Víressë]] || Gwirith || 26 Rethe to 25 [[Astron]]
|-
|2||[[Lótessë]] || Lothron || 26 Astron to 25 [[Thrimidge]]
|-
|3 || [[Nárië]] || Nórui || 26 Thrimidge to 25 [[Forelithe]]
|-
|4||[[Cermië]] || Cerveth || 26 Forelithe to 22 [[Afterlithe]] (21 in leap years)
|-
|5||[[Úrimë]] || Urui || 23 (22) Afterlithe to 22 (21) [[Wedmath]]
|-
|6||[[Yavannië]] || Ivanneth || 23 (22) Wedmath to 22 (21) [[Halimath]]
|-
| ||[[Cormarë]]|| || 22 Halimath, but only in leap years
|-
| ||1 [[Enderi|Enderë]]|| || 23 Halimath
|-
| ||[[Loëndë]]|| || 24 Halimath
|-
| ||2 Enderë|| || 25 Halimath
|-
|7||[[Narquelië]] || Narbeleth || 26 Halimath to 25 [[Winterfilth]]
|-
|8||[[Hísimë]] || Hithui || 26 Winterfilth to 25 [[Blotmath]]
|-
|9||[[Ringarë]] || Girithron || 26 Blotmath to 25 [[Foreyule]]
|-
|10||[[Narvinyë]]||Narwain|| 26 Foreyule to 23 [[Afteryule]]
|-
|11||[[Nénimë]] || Nínui || 24 Afteryule to 23 [[Solmath]]
|-
|12||[[Súlimë]] || Gwaeron || 24 Solmath to 23 Rethe
|-
| ||[[Mettarë]]|| || 24 Rethe
|}

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Middle-earth Calendars]]
[[de:Neue Zeitrechnung]]
[[fi:Uusi lasku]]

Yavannië

2019-04-06T17:33:59Z

Murlo: Added more descriptions of the New Reckoning's Yavannië, including Cormarë.

'''Yavannië''' ([[Ivanneth]] in [[Sindarin]]) was the ninth month of the year in the [[King's Reckoning]] and the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] of [[Gondor]], following [[Úrimë]], and preceding the month of [[Narquelië]]. In the Stewards' Reckoning, ''Yavannië'' preceded the autumn feast of [[Yáviérë]]. In the [[New Reckoning]], ''Yavannië'' was the sixth month of the year (still following ''Úrimë'') and preceded the New Reckoning's ''[[Enderi]]''.<ref name="D2">{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

''Yavannië'' in the Kings' Reckoning (and for the most part in the Stewards' Reckoning) corresponded to [[Halimath]] in the [[Shire Calendar]]<ref name="D2" /> (approximately modern [[23 August]] through [[21 September]]). In the New Reckoning, 30 Yavannië corresponded with Frodo's birthday, [[22 September|22 Halimath]] in the [[Shire Calendar]], and was made a festival.<ref name="D2" /> In leap-years 30 Yavannië corresponded with 21 Halimath in the Shire Calendar, so a leap-day was inserted between ''Yavannië'' and the ''Enderi'', and was called ''[[Cormarë]]'' or "Ringday"<ref group=note>It's not clear whether Frodo's birthday festival on 30 Yavannië was also called ''Cormarë'', or if that was only the name of the leap-day.</ref>, and Frodo's birthday feast was doubled in leap-years.<ref name="D2" />

{{references|note}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yavannie}}
[[Category:Months]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

New Reckoning

2019-03-31T17:54:03Z

Murlo: Added description of Cormarë.

{{stub}}

The '''New Reckoning''' was the calendar system introduced in [[Gondor]] shortly after the [[War of the Ring]] and intended to replace the [[Stewards' Reckoning]]. Its chief feature was that the year began on the anniversary of the destruction of the Ring. Its other notable feature was that Frodo's birthday, 30 Yavannië in the New Reckoning which corresponded with 22 [[Halimath]] in the [[Shire Calendar]], was made a festival. In leap-years 30 Yavannië corresponded with 21 Halimath in the Shire Calendar, so a leap-day was inserted between [[Yavannië]] and the [[Enderi]], and was called ''[[Cormarë]]'' or "Ringday"<ref group=note>It's not clear whether Frodo's birthday festival on 30 Yavannië was also called ''Cormarë'', or if that was only the name of the leap-day.</ref>, and Frodo's birthday feast was doubled in leap-years.<ref name="D2">{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Structure==

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Relationship to [[Shire Calendar]]
|-
| ||[[Yestarë]]|| || 25 [[Rethe]]
|-
|1||[[Víressë]] || Gwirith || 26 Rethe to 25 [[Astron]]
|-
|2||[[Lótessë]] || Lothron || 26 Astron to 25 [[Thrimidge]]
|-
|3 || [[Nárië]] || Nórui || 26 Thrimidge to 25 [[Forelithe]]
|-
|4||[[Cermië]] || Cerveth || 26 Forelithe to 22 [[Afterlithe]] (21 in leap years)
|-
|5||[[Úrimë]] || Urui || 23 (22) Afterlithe to 22 (21) [[Wedmath]]
|-
|6||[[Yavannië]] || Ivanneth || 23 (22) Wedmath to 22 (21) [[Halimath]]
|-
| ||[[Cormarë]]|| || 22 Halimath, but only in leap years
|-
| ||1 [[Enderi|Enderë]]|| || 23 Halimath
|-
| ||[[Loëndë]]|| || 24 Halimath
|-
| ||2 Enderë|| || 25 Halimath
|-
|7||[[Narquelië]] || Narbeleth || 26 Halimath to 25 [[Winterfilth]]
|-
|8||[[Hísimë]] || Hithui || 26 Winterfilth to 25 [[Blotmath]]
|-
|9||[[Ringarë]] || Girithron || 26 Blotmath to 25 [[Foreyule]]
|-
|10||[[Narvinyë]]||Narwain|| 26 Foreyule to 23 [[Afteryule]]
|-
|11||[[Nénimë]] || Nínui || 24 Afteryule to 23 [[Solmath]]
|-
|12||[[Súlimë]] || Gwaeron || 24 Solmath to 23 Rethe
|-
| ||[[Mettarë]]|| || 24 Rethe
|}

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Middle-earth Calendars]]
[[de:Neue Zeitrechnung]]
[[fi:Uusi lasku]]

Stewards' Reckoning

2019-03-30T17:28:12Z

Murlo: Removed {{sources}} tag: All references should now be properly cited, fanon removed, and 3rd-party interpretations clearly indicated as such.

'''Stewards' Reckoning''', also known as the '''Revised Calendar''', was the calendar system introduced in [[Gondor]] by its first [[Ruling Steward]], [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]], in [[Third Age 2060]]. It replaced the previous system known as the [[Kings' Reckoning]] and, following the [[War of the Ring]], it was replaced by the [[New Reckoning]].<ref name="D2">{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Background==
[[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] used a [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] calendar called the Kings' Reckoning. Even after the fall of [[Númenor]] near the end of the [[Second Age]], the old calendar was maintained by the [[Exiles of Númenor]] in [[Middle-earth]] well into the [[Third Age]]. When the era of the Kings passed with the [[Battle of Fornost|fall of Arnor]] and the loss of King [[Eärnur]], the Kings' Reckoning presented (due to resetting the "[[Kings' Reckoning#Structure|millennial additions]]" with the new count of Third Age years) an offset of about 2 days<ref name="RC">[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', "Appendix D", p. 729</ref> out of synchronicity with the [[wikipedia:Tropical year|solar year]].<ref group=note>The length of the [[wikipedia:Tropical year|solar year]] given in [[Appendix D]] was 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46 seconds.</ref>

==History==
To correct the accumulating deficit of the calendar, Steward Mardil inserted two leap days into {{TA|2059}}. In addition, he reformed the calendar, to take effect in {{TA|2060|n}}, by making all months of equal length at 30 days and arranging the two extra days as holidays outside of the months. In {{TA|2360|n}} Steward [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]] added 1 day to that year. There were no millennial additions in {{TA|3000|n}}, but by the end of the [[Third Age]] the calendar was in deficit by less than 1 day.

The Stewards' Reckoning was eventually adopted by most speakers of [[Westron]].

In {{TA|3019}}, the calendar was replaced by the [[New Reckoning]].<ref name="D2" />

==The Calendar==
The Revised Calendar consisted of twelve months, each of thirty days, and five additional days that belonged to no month. The months were taken from those of the Kings' Reckoning, with the change that the seventh and eighth months were shortened to thirty days, and the two days placed outside the months as [[tuilérë]], meaning Spring-day, and [[yáviérë]], meaning Autumn-day.

{|class="TGtable"
|-
!Month number
!Quenya
!Sindarin
!Length
!Relationship to the [[Shire Calendar]]<ref group=note>Based on the statement in [[Appendix D]] that the day of the destruction of the [[One Ring]], Shire [[25 March]] in {{TA|3019}}, "was, however, March 25 in both Kings' and Stewards' Reckoning." This may only apply around the end of the Third Age, since it is unknown if the [[Shire Calendar]] incorporated the [[Kings' Reckoning]] 2-day "millennial additions" or any of the Stewards' Reckoning additional adjustments.</ref>
|-
| ||[[Yestarë]]|| || 1 || [[2 Yule]]
|-
|1||[[Narvinyë]]||Narwain|| 30 || [[Afteryule]]
|-
|2||[[Nénimë]] || Nínui || 30 || [[Solmath]]
|-
|3||[[Súlimë]] || Gwaeron || 30 || [[Rethe]]
|-
| ||[[Tuilérë]] || || 1 || 1 [[Astron]]
|-
|4||[[Víressë]] || Gwirith || 30 || 2 [[Astron]] through 1 [[Thrimidge]]
|-
|5||[[Lótessë]] || Lothron || 30 || 2 [[Thrimidge]] through 1 [[Forelithe]]
|-
|6 || [[Nárië]] || Nórui || 30 || 2 [[Forelithe]] through [[Lithedays|1 Lithe]]
|-
| ||[[Loëndë]]/[[Enderi]]|| || 1/2 || [[Mid-year's Day]]/[[Overlithe]]
|-
|7||[[Cermië]] || Cerveth || 30 || [[Lithedays|2 Lithe]] through 29 [[Afterlithe]]
|-
|8||[[Úrimë]] || Urui || 30 || 30 [[Afterlithe]] through 29 [[Wedmath]]
|-
|9||[[Yavannië]] || Ivanneth || 30 || 30 [[Wedmath]] through 29 [[Halimath]]
|-
| ||[[Yáviérë]] || || 1 || 30 [[Halimath]]
|-
|10||[[Narquelië]] || Narbeleth || 30 || [[Winterfilth]]
|-
|11||[[Hísimë]] || Hithui || 30 || [[Blotmath]]
|-
|12||[[Ringarë]] || Girithron || 30 || [[Foreyule]]
|-
| ||[[Mettarë]]|| || 1 || [[1 Yule]]
|}

The names of the months and days were popularly used in [[Quenya]], though the [[Dúnedain]] adhered to [[Sindarin]] versions.<ref name="D2" />

==Observations==
*Yestarë: approximately the Winter Solstice
*Tuilérë: near or just after the Vernal Equinox
*Loëndë: approximately the Summer Solstice
*Yáviérë: near or just before the Autumnal Equinox

==Controversy==
Tolkien stated that the deficit remaining after [[Mardil|Steward Mardil]]'s 2-day addition to {{TA|2059}} was "about 8 hours".<ref name="D2" /> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' states that the remaining deficit at the end of {{TA|2059|n}} should have amounted to "2 hours, 16 minutes, 40 seconds".<ref name="RC" />

Some have suggested (including ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion|The Reader's Companion]]'') that Tolkien's "about 8 hours" deficit refers to the end of {{TA|2060|n}}, but only if the leap day in {{TA|2060|n}} was dropped in consequence.<ref name="RC" /><ref name="TLvAR">{{webcite|articleurl=http://rinsanity.weebly.com/tolkien.html|articlename=Tolkien's Legendarium versus Astronomical Reality|dated=5 March 2016|website=[http://rinsanity.weebly.com/ Redirected Insanity]|author=Aaron Chong|accessed=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="lal">{{webcite|articleurl=http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Time.html|articlename=The Reckoning of Time|author=[[Andreas Möhn]]|website=Lalaith|accessed=30 April 2006}}</ref>

[[Andreas Möhn]] goes further in his blog post "[https://lalaithmesp.blogspot.de/2018/03/tolkien-has-reckoned-correct-after-all.html Tolkien has reckoned correct after all]", speculating that Tolkien "failed to specify" additional Stewards' Reckoning rules, which would explain the deficit figures published in [[Appendix D]].<ref name="lalaithmesp">{{webcite|articleurl=https://lalaithmesp.blogspot.de/2018/03/tolkien-has-reckoned-correct-after-all.html|articlename=Tolkien has reckoned correct after all|author=[[Andreas Möhn]]|dated=9 March 2018|website=Lalaith's Middle-earth Science Pages|accessed=15 May 2018}}</ref>

[https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/Kings_Reckoning_Rules_and_Deficit.html Paul Sarando] suggests instead that a simpler explanation for
Tolkien's puzzling "about 8 hours" may have been the result of a mathematical shortcut of using the deficit calculation for the end of [[Second Age]] 5501 (which would have been the same year as {{TA|2060}} if the count of Second Age years had continued) instead of correctly calculating the deficit for {{SA|3441}} plus the end of {{TA|2060}}.<ref name="psarandoKR">{{webcite|author=Paul Sarando|articleurl=https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/Kings_Reckoning_Rules_and_Deficit.html|articlename=The Kings’ Reckoning Rules and the ''Deficit''|website=[https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning/ Shire Reckoning: A visualization of the calendars described in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings Appendix D]|accessed=15 May 2018}}</ref>

{{References|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Middle-earth Calendars]]
[[de:Truchsessen-Zeitrechnung]]
[[fi:Käskynhaltijain lasku]]

Yule

2018-12-24T16:27:16Z

Murlo: Corresponding modern dates are not so exact

'''Yule''' was the two days in the calendars of the [[Hobbits]] that marked the end of one year and the beginning of the next.<ref name="Shire">{{App|Shire}}</ref><ref group=note>On a modern calendar, they fell approximately on 21 and 22 December.</ref> Around them, the six-day festival of [[Yuledays|Yuletide]] was held, running from [[29 December|29]] [[Foreyule]] through [[2 January|2]] [[Afteryule]].<ref>{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

Due to a peculiarity of the [[Shire Calendar]], the Yuledays always fell on the same days of the week. The last day of the year, [[1 Yule]], was always a [[Highday]] (Friday), while the first day of the following year, [[2 Yule]], was always a [[Sterday]] (Saturday).<ref name="Shire"/>

The formal use of Yule in the Shire calendar cannot, by definition, predate the foundation of [[the Shire]] in {{TA|1601}}. However, its appearance there represents a survival of an older tradition, and the name 'Yule' for a midwinter festival was known as far from the Shire as [[Rohan]] and [[Gondor]].
==Etymology==
{{quote|Very best wishes for Yule - J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien to [[Richard Jeffery]]<ref>{{L|347}}</ref>}}
Yule is a translation of a [[Hobbitish]] word, not occurring in [[Westron]].<ref name="Nomen"/>

However it's possible that it derives from a form of [[Northern Mannish]] and later used in [[Rohirric]]. Since [[Gondorians]] of the [[Third Age]] were in part [[Northmen]], the word was recognisable as a 'northern name' for the midwinter festival.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 781</ref>

In [[Gnomish]], one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early conceptions of an [[Elvish|Elven]] language, the word for "Yule(night), i.e. Log-night" is ''durufui''. ''Tanfui'' means "Yule night".<ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 31, 69</ref>

{{references|note}}
[[Category:Hobbit Calendar]]

Mid-year's Day

2018-06-24T18:13:55Z

Murlo: It's not clear if the Free Fair was held every year and only the election of Mayor was every seven years.

'''Mid-year's Day''' is the middle day of the year that roughly corresponds with the summer solstice or '''Midsummer'''.

In the context of the [[Elves|Elven]] calendars, the middle day of the [[loa]] (year) is named ''[[Loëndë]]'' in [[Quenya]], and is the second of the three [[Enderi]].

In the context of the [[Shire-reckoning]], the middle day is the second of the [[Lithedays]], falling between 1 [[Lithe]] and 2 Lithe. In [[the Shire]], the [[Free Fair]] is held on the [[White Downs]] during these Lithedays.

Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}:
;{{FA|498}}: [[Túrin]] weds [[Níniel]] in [[Brethil]].
;{{TA|2778}} (circa): [[Thrór]] draws his [[Thrór's Map|Map]]
;{{TA|2941}}: [[Thorin and Company]] depart from [[Rivendell]].
;{{TA|3013}}: [[Will Whitfoot]] is elected (or re-elected) to the post of [[Mayor of Michel Delving]] at the Free Fair held on the White Downs.
;{{TA|3018}}: [[Gandalf]] leaves [[Gandalf's letter|a letter]] to [[Barliman Butterbur]] to be sent to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], and tells him to expect a [[Mr. Underhill]]. Gandalf leaves for [[Orthanc]], Barliman forgets to mail the letter.
;{{TA|3019}}: Wedding of [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] and [[Arwen]].
;{{TA|3020}}: Frodo resigns office of Deputy Mayor and [[Will Whitfoot]] is restored as a mayor
;{{FoA|6}}: Will Whitfoot resigns as Mayor of Michel Delving, and [[Samwise Gamgee]] is elected in his place.
;{{FoA|55}}:At the Free Fair on the White Downs, Samwise Gamgee resigns as Mayor of the Shire.
;{{FoA|61}}:Death of [[Rose Cotton]], the wife of Samwise Gamgee.
[[Category:Hobbit Calendar]]
[[fi:Keskivuoden päivä]]

Free Fair

2018-06-24T18:01:19Z

Murlo: It's not clear if the Free Fair was held every year and only the election of Mayor was every seven years.

The '''Free Fair''' was a festival that the [[Hobbits]] held during the three days of [[Lithedays|Lithe]]. It took place in the [[White Downs]] near [[Michel Delving]] and among the attractions was the election of the [[Mayor of Michel Delving]] held every seven years. It was called 'Free' because anyone could set up a stall without charge.<ref>{{FR|Ordering}}</ref>

At the Free Fair of {{SR|1420}} [[Frodo Baggins]] resigned as Deputy Mayor and [[Will Whitfoot]] returned to office for seven years.<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> In {{SR|1427|n}} Will Whitfoot resigned and [[Samwise Gamgee]] was elected Mayor, beginning the first of seven terms in office.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category: Festivals and Feasts]]
[[de:Freimarkt]]
[[fi:Valkovaarojen vapaamarkkinat]]