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Glorfindel

2013-05-12T03:05:57Z

NoBT: fix red link

{{sources}}{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Glorfindel.jpg|250px]]
| name=Glorfindel
| othernames=''[[Laurefindil]]''
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Golden Flower]]
| position=
| location=[[Aman]], [[Gondolin]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=during [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Aman]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|510}}
| deathlocation=[[Gondolin]] (then re-embodied)
| age=6500+
| house=
| parentage= Unknown. See [[#Parentage|below]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Long golden<ref name="flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Asfaloth]]
}}
{{Pronounce|Glorfindel.mp3|Ardamir}}

{{quote|'''Glorfindel''' was tall and straight; his hair was of shining gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his hand was strength.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], ''[[Many Meetings]]''}}
'''Glorfindel''' ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden haired", pron. {{IPA|[ɡlorˈfindel]}})<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}, page 17.</ref> was one of the mightiest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. He was distinctive because of his return to [[Middle-earth]] after death, acting as an emissary of the [[Valar]], on a similar mission to the [[Istari]] who were to come several thousand years later.

==History==
===Early History===

Glorfindel was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]]. His parentage is unknown. He was of the host of [[Turgon]], who was one of the most determined and unrepentant followers of [[Fëanor]]. Nevertheless Glorfindel himself was reluctant; only for his allegiance and kinship with Turgon did he go, and had no part in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].

===Gondolin===

After the [[Exile of the Noldor]] Glorfindel’s history is obscure. As a great follower of Turgon he was appointed chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim|Twelve Houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. He was dearly loved by all the [[Gondolindrim]], and went about in a mantle embroidered in threads of gold, diapered with celandine "as a field in spring". His vambraces were [[Uncommon words#damask|damascened]] with "cunning gold".

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'', as drawn by [[Jenny Dolfen]].]]He witnessed the coming of [[Tuor]] and later the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. During the ensuing battle in the streets, Glorfindel chose (or was ordered) to hold the [[Great Market]] from the advancing [[orcs]]. He attempted to flank them, taking the enemy by surprise, but was himself ambushed and surrounded. Cut off, the House of the Golden Flower fought on fiercely for hours, until a fire-breathing [[Dragons|dragon]] came and leveled their ranks. Glorfindel, with some of the strongest of his followers, cut his way out, but the survivors of that battle were very few. Even then they were pursued and might have all been killed, but the [[House of the Harp]] arrived in time, after rebelling from their treacherous leader [[Salgant]], ambushing their pursuers. The Golden Flower arrived at the [[Square of the King]], one of the last of the Houses to be driven in.

As many of the lords had fallen, [[Ecthelion]] was wounded, [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]] was engaged, and [[Egalmoth]] had not yet arrived, Glorfindel joined Tuor in leading the defense of the King’s Square. When Egalmoth arrived, bringing with him many women and children, he took over Glorfindel’s job in going from place to place, strengthening the defenses. Glorfindel presumably threw himself once more into the thick of the fight. But even he could not prevent a dragon from coming down from the [[Alley of Roses]], breaking through their lines. The dragon was accompanied by orcs and balrogs, among them [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]. Even Tuor was thrown down, but Ecthelion sacrificed himself to kill Gothmog and buy the Gondolindrim a little more time. When the Gondolindrim fled southward, and King Turgon was slain, Glorfindel held the rear manfully, losing many more of his House in the process. After they had escaped Gondolin via [[Idril's Secret Way]], and passed through the [[Cirith Thoronath]], Glorfindel again held the rear with the largest number of the unwounded.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]It was at that time that a balrog and a contingent of orcs ambushed their company. Glorfindel there accomplished his greatest deed, for he saved the lives of Tuor, [[Idril]], and all the company when he defied the balrog. They fought long. According to ''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]'' Glorfindel stabbed it in the belly, but as the balrog fell it reached out and grabbed his long golden hair, pulling him back down over the edge of the cliff. He perished in the fall, but his body was borne up by [[Thorondor]], and buried him with a mound of stones in the pass. On that mound grew yellow flowers (possibly celandine), despite its remote location.

===Re-embodiment and Return===

Glorfindel’s spirit passed to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where he waited with the spirits of the other Noldor who had died during their war against [[Morgoth]]. But because of Glorfindel’s noble actions in life, his reluctance at the Exile, and his furthering of the purposes of the Valar by saving Tuor and Idril, he was re-embodied after only a short time. He had redeemed himself, and was purged of any guilt. Not only did his sacrifice get him an early pardon, it earned him great powers, so that he was almost an equal to the maiar.

Glorfindel spent several hundred years in Valinor, during which time he became a friend and follower of the [[Maia]] [[Gandalf|Olórin]]. Eventually, [[Manwë]] sent him across the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Middle-earth]], possibly as early as [[Second Age 1200]], but more likely in [[Second Age 1600|1600]] with the [[Blue Wizards]]. If the latter date, he arrived just after [[the One Ring]] had been forged, [[Barad-dûr]] built, and [[Celebrimbor]] dead or soon to be so. While the Blue Wizards were sent to the east, Glorfindel’s mission was to aid [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] in the struggle against [[Sauron]]. He played a prominent behind-the-scenes role in the war in [[Eriador]] and the other struggles of the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]]. His part, though great, was mostly overlooked by the histories, because his immense, angelic power was not usually displayed openly.

===Third Age===

[[File:Anna Lee - Glorfindel.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel'' by [[Anna Lee]].]] Glorfindel may have greeted his friend [[Gandalf|Olórin]] in [[Mithlond]] around [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the Third Age, who was on a similar mission of his own. Over time, as the few remaining great Elves of Middle-earth took ship to Aman or fell one by one, only [[Galadriel]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elrond]], and [[Círdan]] were left of the Wise. Glorfindel took a more active role, leading the Elven forces in the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Upon the humiliation of [[Eärnur]] before the [[Witch-king]], Glorfindel bade him not pursue, and prophesied that the wraith would not fall by the hand of man.

His next appearance in the histories was during the pre-[[War of the Ring]] struggles, after [[the One Ring]] had been brought into the light once more. He was one of the elves dispatched from [[Rivendell]] by Elrond to search for the [[Ring-bearer]]. Elrond had chosen him partially because Glorfindel did not fear the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], as he had great presence in both the [[Seen]] and [[Unseen]] worlds. While on his perilous mission the Ringwraiths avoided him; he met five of them, and they fled at his presence. It was Glorfindel indeed who accomplished his mission and found the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and his friend [[Aragorn]] with him. Glorfindel put Frodo on his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and upon the approach of the Ringwraiths ordered him to go on. The white horse bore Frodo to safety across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, in a rash act of attempted heroism, turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. Glorfindel, expecting the flood that protected Rivendell to come down and smite the riders, revealed his power to the Riders, and drove them (willingly or not) into the River, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.

After this adventure, he helped bear Frodo to Rivendell, where the wounded Ringbearer was tended to. Glorfindel attended the [[Council of Elrond]], playing an active role in the conversation, speaking prophetically of [[Tom Bombadil]] and other matters with authority. Glorfindel stood beside Elrond and Gandalf as the backbone of the Council, laying out clearly their options. At first Glorfindel suggested that the Ring would be safe in the depths of the Sea, but the far-sighted Gandalf noted the change of landscapes, and the unforeseen possibilities that could bring the Ring forth once more in a hundred or even a thousand years in the future. In a hasty note Tolkien suggested that Glorfindel could tell of his ancestry in Gondolin, but this idea was disbanded. He was briefly considered as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], but as his friend Gandalf said, Glorfindel's power would be of little use against the might of [[Mordor]], on a mission of secrecy.

[[File:Ulla Thynell - Glorfindel.jpg|300px|thumb|''Glorfindel'' by Ulla Thynell]]
During the [[War of the Ring]] nothing is said of Glorfindel. Doubtless he played as strong a role as he had in previous campaigns.{{fact}} It is possible that he went to [[Lothlórien]] and fought actively in the [[Rhovanion Campaign (WotR)|war of Rhovanion]], perhaps even aiding Celeborn in the [[Fall of Dol Guldur]]. Whatever his role, his next mention in the texts is the [[Aragorn|Wedding of Elessar]], to which he came from the north with Galadriel and Elrond. After that no more is said of him. Like Olórin, his task in Middle-earth was done, and the age of the [[Elves]] was over. He probably passed West, perhaps with the bearers of the [[Three Rings]] and [[the One Ring]]. Or he may have remained for a time in Middle-earth to oversee the cleanup after the war. It may even be speculated that he waited for the Blue Wizards, who were active in the east against Sauron, and departed with them even as he came.

==Attributes==

Glorfindel was an elf of great beauty, power, wisdom, and moral courage. He was clearly loved by the people of [[Gondolin]], who mourned his passing greatly. He acted most courageously during the Fall, his House being among those that suffered the greatest losses, and eventually giving his own life for the safety of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], accomplishing the designs of the Valar, though it was said that he "''would have defended them even had they been fugitives of any rank''". He was repentant of the rebellion of the Noldor, and took no part in the Kinslaying. His acts in the Third Age also show great presence and authority, as does the very fact that he was sent as an emissary of the Valar.

==Etymology==

''Glorfindel'' means ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden haired", pron. [ɡlorˈfindel]). It is the [[Sindarin]] calque of '''[[Laurefindil]]'''<ref name="PE17"/> ([[Quenya|Q]]: "golden head of hair", pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈfindil]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈɸindil]}}), which is made up of two components; ''[[laure]]'' means "golden color" and ''findil'' or ''findilë'' means "head of hair".

==Controversy==

Some have questioned whether Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same. While writing the ''Lord of the Rings'' Tolkien simply borrowed a name from his earlier [[legendarium]], something he was known to do. ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', published posthumously, cast some light on this issue. Among the ''[[Last Writings]]'' published in that volume, there are two long essays, ''Glorfindel I'' and ''Glorfindel II''. These were written later in life by Tolkien, and directly addressed whether the two Glorfindels were the same person. Both essays clearly indicated that they were the same person, and included a detailed discussion of 're-embodiment' in Tolkien's mythology.

{{quote|. . . At any rate what at first sight may seem the simplest solution must be abandoned: sc. that we have merely a reduplication of names, and that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were different persons. This repetition of so striking a name, though possible, would not be credible… Also it may be found that acceptance of the identity of Glorfindel of old and of the Third Age will actually explain what is said of him and improve the story. . .|''[[Last Writings]]'', Glorfindel II}}

{{quote|. . . After his purging of any guilt that he had incurred in the rebellion, he was released from Mandos, and Manwë restored him… We may then best suppose that Glorfindel returned during the Second Age, before the ‘shadow’ fell on [[Númenor]]. . .|Ibid.}}

As Tolkien's legendarium was an evolving work that he constantly updated and revised, there will always be some question of "final intent". Some may note that the above-quoted essays were private and not ever published, and thus should not be taken as decisive. Nevertheless the editors of the Tolkien Gateway believe that these essays, combined with Tolkien's published novels, clearly establish that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same person.

==Parentage==

Due to his apparent nobility, it is possible that he was the son of one of [[Finwë]]’s daughters, [[Findis]] or [[Írimë]]. This would account for his distinctive golden hair as well, as [[Indis]] their mother was a [[Vanyar|Vanya]]. It would also make Glorfindel the possible uncle of [[Voronwë]] (who may have been the grandson of Írimë), the only surviving mariner who sought [[Valinor]].

Also his name ''Glorfindel'' ("Golden-haired")<ref name="PE17"/><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> might be a hint to a possible Vanyarin heritage. [[Finarfin]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]] and [[Idril]] are examples of other Noldorin descendants of Vanyarin intermarriage who inherited the same trademark golden hair to varying degrees. Nevertheless, his parentage is unkown and it will always be a matter of speculation, unless new manuscripts turn up, as [[Tolkien]] never explored that matter very deeply.

==Earlier Versions of the Legendarium==

Glorfindel was originally planned to be part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], in a way taking the place of [[Legolas]]. Tolkien proposed three dates as to his return to Middle-earth: {{TA|1000}}, with [[Gandalf]], {{SA|1200}} and the years following, or {{SA|1600}}. He dropped the first one after some thought, and though he declared the second possible, he favored the last as the most probable.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
<gallery align="center">
File:Glorfindel viv lotr.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:BFME2 - Glorfindel.jpg|[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth II]].
File:Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

Glorfindel is rarely portrayed like in the book. His role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is too small to be introduced and forgotten - he basically does little else beyond providing fast transport to Rivendell. In the more popular works, his role has been filled by another Elf.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:In this adaptation, the role of Glorfindel was taken by [[Legolas]]. In a simplification of that character, and as a reason for ''his'' coming, he is portrayed as an Elf of Rivendell rather than [[Mirkwood]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears in his original role at the Last Bridge, voiced by [[John Webb]]. Because the part of [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] was cut, the heavily wounded Frodo says the [[Quenya]] greeting ''Elen síla lúmenn' omientielvo'' to him, and Glorfindel replies with Gildor's answer. Glorfindel keeps his two [[Sindarin]] lines, ''A na vedui, Dúnadan!'' and ''Noro lim, noro lim, Asfatloth!'', though he says them with a heavy English accent. His name is pronounced correctly in the adaptation, but in the credits, his name is pronounced "Glorfindle".

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:To limit the already large number of one-appearance characters, Glorfindel has been omitted in this adaptation as well. [[Peter Jackson]] decided, to have [[Arwen]] meet the travelers and then ride on [[Asfaloth]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears on the Last Bridge. He has several Sindarin lines: ''A na vedui, Dúnadan'', like in the book, and ''Mae govannen, mellon'' (which Frodo accurately translates as "Well met, friend"). He comes to the aid of the hobbits at the request of Elrond, who had received news from [[Gildor|a group of Elves travelling near the Shire]] - even though there is no mention of that group earlier in the gameplay. Glorfindel does so in a monotonous voice, and his speech continues without pause. He also uses the lines ''Noro lim, Asfaloth'', though he does not say them to his horse: he says them to Frodo. No actor is specified for this part.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:[[Decipher]] made two [[Decipher Card|card]] featuring extra [[Jarl Benzon]] as Glorfindel, one of them being at the Coronation of Elessar.

'''2006: ''[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Glorfindel played an important part in this video game, set during the [[War of the Ring]]. Together with [[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], Glorfindel fights in several places in northern [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion (Region)|Rhovanion]]. He is voiced by [[Jason Carter]], and portrayed as white haired. His design was changed to a more movie-accurate version in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. He serves as narrator throughout, and appears in the story itself after the death of [[Arvedui]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Glorfindel can be found in Rivendell just south of the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]]. He has long blonde hair and wears a white robe with purple belt. He is involved in some of the book quests for ''Shadows of Angmar''. The player also talks to him after defeating the balrog Thaurlach.

'''2012: [[Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)|''Lego The Lord of the Rings'' (video game)]]:'''
:Glorfindel is purchasable as an optional player character in DLC character pack 2 for use in free play and on the open world. He is portrayed with light tan hair (rather than yellow blonde like Legolas), wears an outfit which is a mix of light blue robe parts and silver armour whilst wearing a light blue cape. He wields a bow of the Galadhrim and also carries a golden Elvish longsword (all Elvish longswords appear gold in the game). Glorfindel is one of the most proficient fighter characters in the game.

==Collectibles==
[[Gentle Giant]] produced a ''Glorfindel Mini Bust'' for [[Comic-Con 2007]], based on Glorfindel's appearance in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|EA's ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'']].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Glorfindel|Images of Glorfindel]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Glorfindel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/glorfindel]]
[[fi:Glorfindel]]
[[fa:گلورفیندل]]

Glorfindel

2013-05-12T02:49:32Z

NoBT: correct typo

{{sources}}{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Glorfindel.jpg|250px]]
| name=Glorfindel
| othernames=''[[Laurefindil]]''
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Golden Flower]]
| position=
| location=[[Aman]], [[Gondolin]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=during [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Aman]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|510}}
| deathlocation=[[Gondolin]] (then re-embodied)
| age=6500+
| house=
| parentage= Unknown. See [[#Parentage|below]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Long golden<ref name="flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Asfaloth]]
}}
{{Pronounce|Glorfindel.mp3|Ardamir}}

{{quote|'''Glorfindel''' was tall and straight; his hair was of shining gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his hand was strength.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], ''[[Many Meetings]]''}}
'''Glorfindel''' ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden haired", pron. {{IPA|[ɡlorˈfindel]}})<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}, page 17.</ref> was one of the mightiest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. He was distinctive because of his return to [[Middle-earth]] after death, acting as an emissary of the [[Valar]], on a similar mission to the [[Istari]] who were to come several thousand years later.

==History==
===Early History===

Glorfindel was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]]. His parentage is unknown. He was of the host of [[Turgon]], who was one of the most determined and unrepentant followers of [[Fëanor]]. Nevertheless Glorfindel himself was reluctant; only for his allegiance and kinship with Turgon did he go, and had no part in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].

===Gondolin===

After the [[Exile of the Noldor]] Glorfindel’s history is obscure. As a great follower of Turgon he was appointed chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim|Twelve Houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. He was dearly loved by all the [[Gondolindrim]], and went about in a mantle embroidered in threads of gold, diapered with celandine "as a field in spring". His vambraces were [[Uncommon words#damask|damascened]] with "cunning gold".

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'', as drawn by [[Jenny Dolfen]].]]He witnessed the coming of [[Tuor]] and later the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. During the ensuing battle in the streets, Glorfindel chose (or was ordered) to hold the [[Great Market]] from the advancing [[orcs]]. He attempted to flank them, taking the enemy by surprise, but was himself ambushed and surrounded. Cut off, the House of the Golden Flower fought on fiercely for hours, until a fire-breathing [[Dragons|dragon]] came and leveled their ranks. Glorfindel, with some of the strongest of his followers, cut his way out, but the survivors of that battle were very few. Even then they were pursued and might have all been killed, but the [[House of the Harp]] arrived in time, after rebelling from their treacherous leader [[Salgant]], ambushing their pursuers. The Golden Flower arrived at the [[Square of the King]], one of the last of the Houses to be driven in.

As many of the lords had fallen, [[Ecthelion]] was wounded, [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]] was engaged, and [[Egalmoth]] had not yet arrived, Glorfindel joined Tuor in leading the defense of the King’s Square. When Egalmoth arrived, bringing with him many women and children, he took over Glorfindel’s job in going from place to place, strengthening the defenses. Glorfindel presumably threw himself once more into the thick of the fight. But even he could not prevent a dragon from coming down from the [[Alley of Roses]], breaking through their lines. The dragon was accompanied by orcs and balrogs, among them [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]. Even Tuor was thrown down, but Ecthelion sacrificed himself to kill Gothmog and buy the Gondolindrim a little more time. When the Gondolindrim fled southward, and King Turgon was slain, Glorfindel held the rear manfully, losing many more of his House in the process. After they had escaped Gondolin via [[Idril's Secret Way]], and passed through the [[Cirith Thoronath]], Glorfindel again held the rear with the largest number of the unwounded.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]It was at that time that a balrog and a contingent of orcs ambushed their company. Glorfindel there accomplished his greatest deed, for he saved the lives of Tuor, [[Idril]], and all the company when he defied the balrog. They fought long. According to ''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]'' Glorfindel stabbed it in the belly, but as the balrog fell it reached out and grabbed his long golden hair, pulling him back down over the edge of the cliff. He perished in the fall, but his body was borne up by [[Thorondor]], and buried him with a mound of stones in the pass. On that mound grew yellow flowers (possibly celandine), despite its remote location.

===Re-embodiment and Return===

Glorfindel’s spirit passed to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where he waited with the spirits of the other Noldor who had died during their war against [[Morgoth]]. But because of Glorfindel’s noble actions in life, his reluctance at the Exile, and his furthering of the purposes of the Valar by saving Tuor and Idril, he was re-embodied after only a short time. He had redeemed himself, and was purged of any guilt. Not only did his sacrifice get him an early pardon, it earned him great powers, so that he was almost an equal to the maiar.

Glorfindel spent several hundred years in Valinor, during which time he became a friend and follower of the [[Maia]] [[Gandalf|Olórin]]. Eventually, [[Manwë]] sent him across the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Middle-earth]], possibly as early as [[Second Age 1200]], but more likely in [[Second Age 1600|1600]] with the [[Blue Wizards]]. If the latter date, he arrived just after [[the One Ring]] had been forged, [[Barad-dûr]] built, and [[Celebrimbor]] dead or soon to be so. While the Blue Wizards were sent to the east, Glorfindel’s mission was to aid [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] in the struggle against [[Sauron]]. He played a prominent behind-the-scenes role in the war in [[Eriador]] and the other struggles of the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]]. His part, though great, was mostly overlooked by the histories, because his immense, angelic power was not usually displayed openly.

===Third Age===

[[File:Anna Lee - Glorfindel.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel'' by [[Anna Lee]].]] Glorfindel may have greeted his friend [[Gandalf|Olórin]] in [[Mithlond]] around [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the Third Age, who was on a similar mission of his own. Over time, as the few remaining great Elves of Middle-earth took ship to Aman or fell one by one, only [[Galadriel]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elrond]], and [[Círdan]] were left of the Wise. Glorfindel took a more active role, leading the Elven forces in the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Upon the humiliation of [[Eärnur]] before the [[Witch-king]], Glorfindel bade him not pursue, and prophesied that the wraith would not fall by the hand of man.

His next appearance in the histories was during the pre-[[War of the Ring]] struggles, after [[the One Ring]] had been brought into the light once more. He was one of the elves dispatched from [[Rivendell]] by Elrond to search for the [[Ring-bearer]]. Elrond had chosen him partially because Glorfindel did not fear the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], as he had great presence in both the [[Seen]] and [[Unseen]] worlds. While on his perilous mission the Ringwraiths avoided him; he met five of them, and they fled at his presence. It was Glorfindel indeed who accomplished his mission and found the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and his friend [[Aragorn]] with him. Glorfindel put Frodo on his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and upon the approach of the Ringwraiths ordered him to go on. The white horse bore Frodo to safety across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, in a rash act of attempted heroism, turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. Glorfindel, expecting the flood that protected Rivendell to come down and smite the riders, revealed his power to the Riders, and drove them (willingly or not) into the River, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.

After this adventure, he helped bear Frodo to Rivendell, where the wounded Ringbearer was tended to. Glorfindel attended the [[Council of Elrond]], playing an active role in the conversation, speaking prophetically of [[Tom Bombadil]] and other matters with authority. Glorfindel stood beside Elrond and Gandalf as the backbone of the Council, laying out clearly their options. At first Glorfindel suggested that the Ring would be safe in the depths of the Sea, but the far-sighted Gandalf noted the change of landscapes, and the unforeseen possibilities that could bring the Ring forth once more in a hundred or even a thousand years in the future. In a hasty note Tolkien suggested that Glorfindel could tell of his ancestry in Gondolin, but this idea was disbanded. He was briefly considered as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], but as his friend Gandalf said, Glorfindel's power would be of little use against the might of [[Mordor]], on a mission of secrecy.

[[File:Ulla Thynell - Glorfindel.jpg|300px|thumb|''Glorfindel'' by Ulla Thynell]]
During the [[War of the Ring]] nothing is said of Glorfindel. Doubtless he played as strong a role as he had in previous campaigns.{{fact}} It is possible that he went to [[Lothlórien]] and fought actively in the [[Rhovanion Campaign (WotR)|war of Rhovanion]], perhaps even aiding Celeborn in the [[Fall of Dol Guldur]]. Whatever his role, his next mention in the texts is the [[Wedding of Elessar]], to which he came from the north with Galadriel and Elrond. After that no more is said of him. Like Olórin, his task in Middle-earth was done, and the age of the [[Elves]] was over. He probably passed West, perhaps with the bearers of the [[Three Rings]] and [[the One Ring]]. Or he may have remained for a time in Middle-earth to oversee the cleanup after the war. It may even be speculated that he waited for the Blue Wizards, who were active in the east against Sauron, and departed with them even as he came.

==Attributes==

Glorfindel was an elf of great beauty, power, wisdom, and moral courage. He was clearly loved by the people of [[Gondolin]], who mourned his passing greatly. He acted most courageously during the Fall, his House being among those that suffered the greatest losses, and eventually giving his own life for the safety of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], accomplishing the designs of the Valar, though it was said that he "''would have defended them even had they been fugitives of any rank''". He was repentant of the rebellion of the Noldor, and took no part in the Kinslaying. His acts in the Third Age also show great presence and authority, as does the very fact that he was sent as an emissary of the Valar.

==Etymology==

''Glorfindel'' means ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden haired", pron. [ɡlorˈfindel]). It is the [[Sindarin]] calque of '''[[Laurefindil]]'''<ref name="PE17"/> ([[Quenya|Q]]: "golden head of hair", pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈfindil]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈɸindil]}}), which is made up of two components; ''[[laure]]'' means "golden color" and ''findil'' or ''findilë'' means "head of hair".

==Controversy==

Some have questioned whether Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same. While writing the ''Lord of the Rings'' Tolkien simply borrowed a name from his earlier [[legendarium]], something he was known to do. ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', published posthumously, cast some light on this issue. Among the ''[[Last Writings]]'' published in that volume, there are two long essays, ''Glorfindel I'' and ''Glorfindel II''. These were written later in life by Tolkien, and directly addressed whether the two Glorfindels were the same person. Both essays clearly indicated that they were the same person, and included a detailed discussion of 're-embodiment' in Tolkien's mythology.

{{quote|. . . At any rate what at first sight may seem the simplest solution must be abandoned: sc. that we have merely a reduplication of names, and that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were different persons. This repetition of so striking a name, though possible, would not be credible… Also it may be found that acceptance of the identity of Glorfindel of old and of the Third Age will actually explain what is said of him and improve the story. . .|''[[Last Writings]]'', Glorfindel II}}

{{quote|. . . After his purging of any guilt that he had incurred in the rebellion, he was released from Mandos, and Manwë restored him… We may then best suppose that Glorfindel returned during the Second Age, before the ‘shadow’ fell on [[Númenor]]. . .|Ibid.}}

As Tolkien's legendarium was an evolving work that he constantly updated and revised, there will always be some question of "final intent". Some may note that the above-quoted essays were private and not ever published, and thus should not be taken as decisive. Nevertheless the editors of the Tolkien Gateway believe that these essays, combined with Tolkien's published novels, clearly establish that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same person.

==Parentage==

Due to his apparent nobility, it is possible that he was the son of one of [[Finwë]]’s daughters, [[Findis]] or [[Írimë]]. This would account for his distinctive golden hair as well, as [[Indis]] their mother was a [[Vanyar|Vanya]]. It would also make Glorfindel the possible uncle of [[Voronwë]] (who may have been the grandson of Írimë), the only surviving mariner who sought [[Valinor]].

Also his name ''Glorfindel'' ("Golden-haired")<ref name="PE17"/><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> might be a hint to a possible Vanyarin heritage. [[Finarfin]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]] and [[Idril]] are examples of other Noldorin descendants of Vanyarin intermarriage who inherited the same trademark golden hair to varying degrees. Nevertheless, his parentage is unkown and it will always be a matter of speculation, unless new manuscripts turn up, as [[Tolkien]] never explored that matter very deeply.

==Earlier Versions of the Legendarium==

Glorfindel was originally planned to be part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], in a way taking the place of [[Legolas]]. Tolkien proposed three dates as to his return to Middle-earth: {{TA|1000}}, with [[Gandalf]], {{SA|1200}} and the years following, or {{SA|1600}}. He dropped the first one after some thought, and though he declared the second possible, he favored the last as the most probable.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
<gallery align="center">
File:Glorfindel viv lotr.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:BFME2 - Glorfindel.jpg|[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth II]].
File:Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

Glorfindel is rarely portrayed like in the book. His role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is too small to be introduced and forgotten - he basically does little else beyond providing fast transport to Rivendell. In the more popular works, his role has been filled by another Elf.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:In this adaptation, the role of Glorfindel was taken by [[Legolas]]. In a simplification of that character, and as a reason for ''his'' coming, he is portrayed as an Elf of Rivendell rather than [[Mirkwood]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears in his original role at the Last Bridge, voiced by [[John Webb]]. Because the part of [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] was cut, the heavily wounded Frodo says the [[Quenya]] greeting ''Elen síla lúmenn' omientielvo'' to him, and Glorfindel replies with Gildor's answer. Glorfindel keeps his two [[Sindarin]] lines, ''A na vedui, Dúnadan!'' and ''Noro lim, noro lim, Asfatloth!'', though he says them with a heavy English accent. His name is pronounced correctly in the adaptation, but in the credits, his name is pronounced "Glorfindle".

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:To limit the already large number of one-appearance characters, Glorfindel has been omitted in this adaptation as well. [[Peter Jackson]] decided, to have [[Arwen]] meet the travelers and then ride on [[Asfaloth]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears on the Last Bridge. He has several Sindarin lines: ''A na vedui, Dúnadan'', like in the book, and ''Mae govannen, mellon'' (which Frodo accurately translates as "Well met, friend"). He comes to the aid of the hobbits at the request of Elrond, who had received news from [[Gildor|a group of Elves travelling near the Shire]] - even though there is no mention of that group earlier in the gameplay. Glorfindel does so in a monotonous voice, and his speech continues without pause. He also uses the lines ''Noro lim, Asfaloth'', though he does not say them to his horse: he says them to Frodo. No actor is specified for this part.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:[[Decipher]] made two [[Decipher Card|card]] featuring extra [[Jarl Benzon]] as Glorfindel, one of them being at the Coronation of Elessar.

'''2006: ''[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Glorfindel played an important part in this video game, set during the [[War of the Ring]]. Together with [[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], Glorfindel fights in several places in northern [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion (Region)|Rhovanion]]. He is voiced by [[Jason Carter]], and portrayed as white haired. His design was changed to a more movie-accurate version in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. He serves as narrator throughout, and appears in the story itself after the death of [[Arvedui]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Glorfindel can be found in Rivendell just south of the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]]. He has long blonde hair and wears a white robe with purple belt. He is involved in some of the book quests for ''Shadows of Angmar''. The player also talks to him after defeating the balrog Thaurlach.

'''2012: [[Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)|''Lego The Lord of the Rings'' (video game)]]:'''
:Glorfindel is purchasable as an optional player character in DLC character pack 2 for use in free play and on the open world. He is portrayed with light tan hair (rather than yellow blonde like Legolas), wears an outfit which is a mix of light blue robe parts and silver armour whilst wearing a light blue cape. He wields a bow of the Galadhrim and also carries a golden Elvish longsword (all Elvish longswords appear gold in the game). Glorfindel is one of the most proficient fighter characters in the game.

==Collectibles==
[[Gentle Giant]] produced a ''Glorfindel Mini Bust'' for [[Comic-Con 2007]], based on Glorfindel's appearance in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|EA's ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'']].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Glorfindel|Images of Glorfindel]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Glorfindel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/glorfindel]]
[[fi:Glorfindel]]
[[fa:گلورفیندل]]

Radagast

2012-12-11T04:31:48Z

NoBT: fix typo

{{maiar infobox
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Radagast.jpg|250px]]
| name=Radagast
| othernames=[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<ref name="UTIstari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref> Radagast the Brown<ref name="FRCouncil">{{FR|Council}}</ref> Radagast the Bird-tamer<ref group="note" name="note1">[[Saruman]] gave him this name to mock him.</ref><ref name="FRCouncil"/> Radagast the Simple<ref group="note" name="note1"/><ref name="FRCouncil"/> Radagast the Fool<ref group="note" name="note1"/><ref name="FRCouncil"/>
| coming=
| duty=[[Wizards|Wizard]]
| robes=Brown
| gender=Male
| appearance=An old man clad in earthen brown<ref name="UTIstari"/>
| hair=
}}
{{Pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
<center>{{Quote|Radagast the Brown! [...] Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]]<ref name="FRCouncil"/>}}</center>

'''Radagast the Brown''', also known as '''Aiwendil''', was one of the [[wizards]] sent to [[Middle-earth]] to contest the will of [[Sauron]]. Originally a [[Maiar|maia]] of [[Yavanna]], he had a strong affinity for animals. He dwelt, for a time, at [[Rhosgobel]] on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<ref name="UTIstari"/><ref name="FRCouncil"/>

==History==
[[File:Jef Murray - Mage of Rhosgobel.jpg|thumb|left|''Mage of Rhosgobel'' by [[Jef Murray]]]]
Still concerned for the fate of [[Middle-earth]], [[Manwë]] summoned a council of the [[Valar]]. Here it was decided that they would send emissaries to [[Middle-earth]]. [[Aulë]] chose [[Saruman|Curumo]], Oromë chose [[Blue Wizards|Alatar]], and Manwë chose [[Gandalf|Olórin]]. [[Yavanna]] subsequently begged Curumo to take [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]] with him. In c. {{TA|1000}}, the [[wizards]] arrived upon the shores of Middle-earth. However, it is said that Saruman arrived first and alone, and that Radagast arrived at the same time as Gandalf.<ref name="UTIstari"/>

According to Gandalf, Radagast was never much of a traveller.<ref name="FRCouncil"/> It is known that he eventually settled down and dwelt, for a time at least, at [[Rhosgobel]]. This meant that he lived on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]], somewhere between the [[Carrock]] and the [[Old Forest Road]].<ref name="UTIstari"/> It is likely that he became acquainted with the inhabitants of that region. It is clear that he was friends with the [[eagles|great eagles]].<ref name="FRCouncil"/> He also knew and was thought highly of by (the unsociable) [[Beorn]]:<ref name="HQueer">{{H|Queer}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|Yes; not a bad fellow as Wizards go, I believe. I used to see him now and again|[[Beorn]]<ref name="HQueer"/>}}

Following the {{TA|2851}} meeting of the [[White Council]], Saruman began to search the [[Gladden Fields]] for the [[One Ring]].<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> Knowing nothing of Saruman's treachery, Radagast aided him with birds and beasts who acted as spies. Radagast did this in good faith for he believed this would help watch and hinder the [[Sauron|Enemy]].<ref name="SRings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

[[File:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|''Radagast'' by Angelo Montanini]]Radagast's part in the [[War of the Ring]] was small, albeit important. In {{TA|3018}} on Midsummer, on his way to [[Bree]], Gandalf found Radagast sitting on the side of the [[Greenway]]. Radagast informed Gandalf that Saruman had sent him. He told Gandalf that the [[Nazgûl]] were abroad, disguised as riders in black, and that they were seeking news of [[the Shire]]. Radagast said that Saruman was willing to help Gandalf but that he had to seek him out at once. Before Radagast rode away, he agreed to help Gandalf by getting beasts and birds to send news to [[Orthanc]]. With that he rode away back towards Mirkwood. Whilst Gandalf was imprisoned by Saruman, he did not believe that Radagast too had fallen. Indeed, it was thanks to Radagast that Gandalf was able to escape from the pinnacle of Orthanc upon the wings of [[Gwaihir]].<ref name="FRCouncil"/>

Following the conclusion of the [[Council of Elrond]], many scouts were sent out from [[Rivendell]] to many different locations. Some passed over the [[Misty Mountains]] and eventually came to [[Rhosgobel]], but they found that Radagast was not there.<ref name="FRSouth">{{FR|South}}</ref>

==Did Radagast fail?==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] feelings on whether or not Radagast, and indeed the two [[Blue Wizards|"Blue Wizards"]], failed changed over time. The [[wizards]] that were sent to [[Middle-earth]] were tasked by the [[Valar]] to help the [[Free Peoples]] defeat [[Sauron]]. There is no question that, through his treachery and fall into evil, [[Saruman]] failed. There is also no question that [[Gandalf]] succeeded. But it was in emphasising this latter point that Tolkien denigrated the role of Radagast and the Blue Wizards.

In his efforts to produce an Index for ''[[The Return of the King]]'' in [[1954]], Tolkien wrote an essay on the [[Wizards|Istari]]. Therein he explicitly stated that Radagast had failed:
{{Blockquote|Indeed, of all the Istari, one only remained faithful [Gandalf], and he was the last-comer. For Radagast, the fourth, became enamoured of the many beasts and birds that dwelt in [[Middle-earth]], and forsook [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and spent his days among wild creatures.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="UTIstari"/>}}

He even went as far as suggesting that only Gandalf returned to the [[Valinor|Uttermost West]]:
{{Blockquote|Wilt thou learn the lore <nowiki>||</nowiki> that was long secret of the Five that came <nowiki>||</nowiki> from a far country? One only returned. <nowiki>||</nowiki> Others never again|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="UTIstari"/>}}

Under these terms, then, Radagast failed. However, not only does Tolkien's criticism of Radagast seem harsh in light of what is revealed in ''The Lord of the Rings'', Tolkien's attitude towards Radagast and the Blue Wizards seems to have changed following the publication of ''[[The Return of the King]]''. In the Istari essay and in [[Letter 211]] Tolkien wrote that he was unsure what happened to the Blue Wizards and speculated that they possibly failed. In a later writing he turned this upside down and noted that they 'must have had very great influence on the history of the Second Age and Third Age in weakening and disarraying the forces of East ... who would ... otherwise have ... outnumbered the West.'<ref name="PM">{{PM|Last}}, p. 385</ref>

According to [[John D. Rateliff]], Tolkien's feeling on Radagast's success or failure must have changed too. He speculates that Radagast had taken the area of and around [[Mirkwood]] under his protection (like the Blue Wizards had taken the east under their protection). He provides more solid evidence when he argues that Radagast and Gandalf were much alike:
*Radagast and Gandalf arrived at the same time in [[Middle-earth]];
*both were friends with the eagles (beings of [[Manwë]] and who would associate with few but the very important);
*both were considered closely linked from the outset - they were 'cousins' in ''The Hobbit''.

Indeed both were quite different creatures from Saruman:
{{Blockquote|His [Sauron's] cynicism ... seemed fully justified in Saruman. Gandalf he did not understand. But certainly he [Sauron] had already become evil, and therefore stupid, enough to imagine that his [Gandalf's] different behaviour [from Saruman's] was due simply to weaker intelligence and lack of firm masterful purpose. He [Gandalf] was only [in Sauron's view] a rather cleverer Radagast - cleverer, because it is more profitable (more productive of power) to become absorbed in the study of people than of animals.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref group="note">The pronouns in square brackets are as interpreted by John D. Rateliff in {{HH|Medwed}}, "(vi) Radagast"</ref><ref>{{MR|Myths}}, p. 397</ref>}}

Rateliff thus concludes that Radagast was much like Gandalf; both were good wizards. But Radagast was weaker and his role overshadowed by Gandalf's achievements.<ref name="HHMedwed">{{HH|Medwed}}, "(vi) Radagast"</ref>

Therefore it is difficult to conclude whether or not Radagast failed. But it is clear that Tolkien had doubts following his criticism of him in the Istari essay and Radagast certainly did not fall into evil. Indeed Radagast is such an elusive character that it is difficult to make any bold conclusions, such as whether or not he returned to [[Valinor]].

Tolkien gave a brief account of a council of the [[Valar]] where they decided to send emissaries to Middle-earth to contest the will of Sauron. Therein it is told 'that each Istar were chosen by each Valar for his innate characteristics'.<ref name="UTIstari"/> This is significant because it suggests [[Yavanna]] chose Aiwendil (Radagast) for his love of wild creatures, and that perhaps he was sent to [[Middle-earth]] by Yavanna to serve this purpose.<ref name="UTIstari"/> If this was Radagast's appointed mission then it would be inappropriate to claim that he failed. However, it is difficult to gauge how far the fulfilment of this task facilitated the downfall of [[Sauron]].

Perhaps the most explicit snapshot of Tolkien's feelings about Radagast can be be found in this quotation:
{{Blockquote|He [Gandalf] differed from Radagast and Saurman in that he never turned aside from his appointed mission ('I was the Enemy of Sauron') and was unsparing of himself. Radagast was fond of beasts and birds, and found them easier to deal with; he did not become proud and domineering, but neglectful and easygoing, and he had very little to do with Elves or Men although obviously resistance to Sauron had to be sought chiefly in their cooperation.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="RC.245">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] (eds), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 245</ref>}}

Here it is stated that both Saruman and Radagast turned away from the ultimate task of defeating Sauron. But where Saruman was proud and power-hungry (characteristics which brought about his own ruin), Radagast was neglectful and sought companionship with birds and beasts over co-operation with the Free Peoples of Middle-earth. Thus Radagast's innate characteristics meant that he could play no more than a small part in the downfall of the Lord of the Rings.

==Characteristics==
{{Blockquote|Radagast is, of course, a worthy wizard, a master of shapes and changes of hue; and he has much lore of herbs and beasts, and birds are especially his friends.|[[Gandalf]]<ref name="FRCouncil"/>}}
Little is known about Radagast apart from certain defining characteristics. Saruman was the chief of the Order of Wizards and Gandalf came next in the order; Radagast meanwhile held much less power and wisdom.<ref name="UTIstari"/>

As one of the [[maiar]] of [[Yavanna]], Radagast had a great interest in the [[kelvar]] and [[olvar]] of [[Middle-earth]] and was a friend to beasts and birds.<ref name="UTIstari"/><ref name="FRCouncil"/>
Gandalf, however, held greater respect from, and knowledge about, birds and beasts than Radagast.<ref name="RC.245"/>

==Etymology==
===Radagast===
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] in [[1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref name="UTIstari"/> However, in a later note Tolkien said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref>

As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref>

===Aiwendil===
The name ''Aiwendil'' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}) is [[Quenya]] for "lover of birds".<ref name="UTIndex">{{UT|Index}}</ref> It is perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref>

==Names==
It appears that in [[Valinor]] Radagast was known as "Aiwendil".<ref name="UTIstari"/>

As one of the [[wizards]] sent to [[Middle-earth]], he was known as "Radagast [[the Brown]]". [[Saruman]], when talking to [[Gandalf]], mocked Radagast by calling him "Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]", "Radagast [[the Simple]]", and "Radagast [[the Fool]]".<ref name="FRCouncil"/>

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
From the first drafts of ''The Hobbit'', [[Gandalf|Bladorthin]] identifies Radagast as a fellow wizard and as his 'cousin'. [[John D. Rateliff]] notes that, at this stage in the development of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] there was no reason why a wizard could not have a cousin. Rateliff also suggests that it is likely that Tolkien considered explaining Gandalf's absence (following the departure of Thorin and Company from Beorn's house) by saying that he went to visit Radagast (who lived close by) to plan the attack on the [[Sauron|Necromancer]].<ref name="HHMedwed"/>

Early in the process of writing ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', it is clear that [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] envisaged some role for Radagast in the tale.<ref>{{RS|New}}, p. 379;{{RS|Elrond}}, p. 397</ref> He eventually decided that he would use Radagast as the means of getting Gandalf to Isengard.<ref name="TIC1.130-140">{{TI|C1}}, pp. 130-140</ref>

Initially Gandalf describes Radagast as his 'cousin',<ref>{{TI|C1}}, p. 131</ref> as he did in ''[[The Hobbit]]'',<ref name="HQueer"/> but in a subsequent draft he becomes his 'kinsman'.<ref>{{TI|C2}}, p. 149</ref> In the final version Gandalf merely says that Radagast is 'one of my order'.<ref name="FRCouncil"/>

Tolkien initially called him "Radagast the Grey", but in pencil he changed this to "Brown" and subsequently Saruman refers to him as "Radagast the Brown".<ref name="TIC1.130-140"/>

When Tolkien finished writing the story up till Moria, he made notes on the future story development; therein he considered handing over Isengard to Radagast.<ref>{{TI|Story}}, p. 212</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Radagast in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|Radagast as a [[Mithril Miniatures|Mithril Miniature]]
|File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|Radagast in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
|File:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|Radagast in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
|File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|Radagast in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''
|File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|Radagast in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|Radagast in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit films - Radagast.jpg|Radagast in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
}}
===Films===
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Radagast was entirely omitted. Without Radagast's involvement, [[Gandalf]] goes to [[Isengard]] of his own accord (because he wanted council form [[Saruman]]) and is able to escape from the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]] by speaking to a moth who sends for the help of the [[eagles]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Although Radagast is only briefly mentioned in ''The Hobbit'', Radagast will feature in ''The Hobbit'' films and will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]].<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

===Radio series===
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is, however, not the person who sends the [[Eagles|eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].

===Games===
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref>

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.

'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref>

'''2011-2010: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:A Decipher card was made by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]], with Weta's John Harding posing as Radagast.<ref>{{webcite|author=Kathy McCracken|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080906171452/http://www.decipher.com/content/2004/07/072204lotrwetacasting.html|articlename=The Making of the Weta "Book Cards": Casting and Costuming|dated=22-July-2004|website=[http://archive.org/ Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]|accessed=30-June-2012}}</ref>

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the [[Eglain]], and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref>

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood in search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]

{{References|n}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[Category:Names]]
[[Category:Wizards]]

[[de:Radagast]]
[[fa:راداگاست]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]
[[fi:Radagast]]

Sting

2012-07-27T04:57:19Z

NoBT: oops, capitalization. fix red link

{{rewrite}}
[[Image:John Howe - Sting.jpg|thumb|''Sting'' by [[John Howe]].]]
'''Sting''' was an [[Elvish]] knife that was probably made in [[Gondolin]] in the [[First Age]]. Its maker and original bearer are unknown.

==History==
During the [[Quest of Erebor]], in [[May]] [[Third_Age_2941|2941]]<ref name="Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref>, [[Thorin and Company]] happened upon a trio of nasty, hungry [[Trolls]] named [[Tom]], [[Bert]], and [[William Huggins]] who nearly ate them for supper. Only the intervention of [[Gandalf]] the Grey saved the company from such a horrible fate. <ref name="Mutton"/>

During the scuffle, William dropped the key to their troll-cave, which contained all manner of treasure plundered from the trolls' victims. [[Bilbo Baggins]] recovered the key, allowing the company to claim the treasure in its entirety, including several fine [[Elves|Elvish]] blades. [[Glamdring]] went to Gandalf, while its mate [[Orcrist]] was claimed by [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]]. Bilbo, too, claimed a blade: merely a dagger by the standards of [[Men]] or its original Elvish makers, and but a tiny pocket-knife for the trolls whose hoard it was found in, but it made an excellent short sword for a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]. <ref name="Mutton"/>

When Bilbo was captured by [[Orcs|goblins]] while crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], the goblins failed to notice the weapon simply because Bilbo wore it inside his breeches.<ref name="Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> When Bilbo was separated from the others during their escape, this allowed him to rely on the dagger's glowing blade to light his way, as well as use it to keep a hungry [[Gollum]] at bay while he tried to find his way out of the labyrinthine tunnels in the roots of the mountains.<ref name="Riddles"/>

The weapon remained nameless until the company reached [[Mirkwood]] and, deep in the darkness, Bilbo and his companions were beset by the forest's [[Spider|spiders]]. Awakening to find himself half-cocooned, Bilbo used the dagger to free himself and slay his attacker, the first time he had used it in battle. The act prompted him to name the weapon with the words, "I will give you a name, and I will call you ''Sting''." <ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref> Bilbo used the newly-christened Sting to cut the spiders' silk to free his companions, and during the ensuing battle, utilized it in combination with the [[The One Ring|magic ring]] he had found in Gollum's cave, thrown rocks, and hurled insults to help the venom-weakened dwarves fight their way out of the spiders' nest. <ref name="Flies"/>

When Bilbo returned to [[the Shire]] in [[Third_Age_2942|2942]], he brought his little dagger with him. He displayed it above the mantleplace, where it most likely was when Gandalf and [[Balin]] visited him seven years later in [[Third_Age_2949|2949]] <ref>{{H|19}}</ref>After the [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]] on [[22 September|September 22]], [[Third_Age_3001|3001]], Bilbo took Sting with him when he left [[Hobbiton]], and it resided with the aged hobbit in [[Rivendell]] for the next 17 years. In [[Third_Age_3018|3018]], just before the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] set off from Rivendell, Bilbo gave Sting to his nephew [[Frodo Baggins]], as well as his wondrous coat of [[Mithril]] mail, as a gift to protect him on the perilous journey to [[Mount Doom]] that lay ahead.

As a consequence of his centuries of corruption under The One Ring's influence, Gollum feared weapons of Elvish make like Sting, which made the knife a factor in aiding Frodo in temporarily taming the wretched creature. It also helped Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee]] escape from the lair of the terrible [[Shelob]] in [[Cirith Ungol]], and during the ensuing battle, even after paralyzing Frodo, the massive spider met its match in a determined Samwise Gamgee and learned how the Elvish weapon earned its name. Still armed with Sting, Sam stormed the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] in order to rescue Frodo, though he found little in the way of a fight, as the tower had seen a battle between its own forces over Frodo's mithril-mail coat.

After the defeat of Sauron at the end of the [[Third Age]], when both Bilbo and Frodo sailed across the sea to the [[Undying Lands]], Sting remained with Sam. He may have taken it with him when he, at last, followed them as was his right as the last remaining [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]], or it may have remained as an heirloom of the [[Gardner Family]].

==Special Properties==

Sting had the (apparently) magic ability to detect the presence of goblins in its vicinity. When Orcs were nearby, it glowed blue, as Bilbo noticed when alone in the dark just prior to meeting Gollum.<ref name="Riddles"/> This ability was used several times by Frodo and the Fellowship such as when the group encountered Orcs in the mines of [[Moria]] and by [[Aragorn]] upon the Fellowship's arrival at [[Parth Galen]].<ref>{{FR|Journey}}; {{FR|Breaking}}</ref>

Sting also performed better than ordinary weapons in combat and against odd materials; it cut through the webs of giant spiders easily, whereas the [[Daggers of Westernesse|blade]] that Sam brought from the [[Barrow-downs]] failed to cut through Shelob's webs.<ref>{{H|Flies}}; {{TT|Lair}}</ref>

==Portrayal in Adaptions==
<center>
<gallery>
Image:StingRB1977.JPG|<center>''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]''</center>
Image:StingRB1980.JPG|<center>''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]''</center>
File:The Hobbit-An Unexpected Journey-Bilbo&Sting1.png|<center>[[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]</center>
</gallery></center>
'''[[1977]]: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Sting has a distinctive shape, with a vaguely leaf-shaped blade, round, ball-shaped pommel, featureless black hilt, and a unique guard sporting a ring in the front that the wielder's finger slips into when grasping the hilt. This version of Sting glows bright white, not blue as in the books and most other adaptations. Notably, following the Rankin/Bass adaptations' pattern of not explicitly showing violence, Sting is not shown stabbing or slashing its victims; instead, a strange fly-eye like effect is shown when Bilbo slays the giant spiders in Mirkwood, an effect that is oddly repeated when he knocks another spider off of a branch with a rock.<ref>''The Hobbit (1977 film)''</ref>

'''[[1980]]: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Sting's appearance is broadly similar to that in Rankin/Bass' earlier film, with some alterations; notably, the shape of the blade is changed from vaguely leaf-shaped to stout and straight-bladed, and the hilt is no longer a featureless black, but is now adorned with intricate designs.<ref>''The Return of the King (1980 film)''</ref>

'''[[2001]]-[[2003|3]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Sting is leaf-shaped. Upon its crossguard are engraved the [[Sindarin]] words:

:[[image:sting_engraved.png]] 
::''Maegnas aen estar nin dagnir in yngyl im''

:Which is translated "Maegnas is my name, I am the spider's bane" (Maegnas is [[neo-Sindarin]] for "Sting")

Since the sword was given a name by Bilbo and the inscription mentions Bilbo's adventure, it can be supposed that the Elves engraved the letters on the ancient sword while Bilbo was in Rivendell. This is supported by a released still fro [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] where the Sting appears plain, without any writing.

'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Unlike the book, Sting is first seen in the Dream World stage, a sort of tutorial wherein Bilbo, after fainting during the Unexpected Party, dreams he is at the Battle of Five Armies and must fight his way through a few waves of goblins before being overwhelmed by [[Bolg]] and his guard, startling awake, and continuing the story.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Dream World"</ref> After Bilbo awakens, Sting is not seen again until the end of the Troll-Hole stage, which takes place after the encounter with Tom, Bill, and Bert like in the book. Unlike in the book, where Bilbo does not name Sting until he is in [[Mirkwood]], he gives it a name almost immediately.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Troll-hole"</ref>

{{references}}
{{weapons}}

[[Category:Swords]]

[[de:Stich]]
[[fr:encyclo:artefacts:armes:dard]]
[[fi:Piikki]]

Sting

2012-07-27T04:55:41Z

NoBT: Fix red link

{{rewrite}}
[[Image:John Howe - Sting.jpg|thumb|''Sting'' by [[John Howe]].]]
'''Sting''' was an [[Elvish]] knife that was probably made in [[Gondolin]] in the [[First Age]]. Its maker and original bearer are unknown.

==History==
During the [[Quest of Erebor]], in [[May]] [[Third_Age_2941|2941]]<ref name="Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref>, [[Thorin and Company]] happened upon a trio of nasty, hungry [[Trolls]] named [[Tom]], [[Bert]], and [[William Huggins]] who nearly ate them for supper. Only the intervention of [[Gandalf]] the Grey saved the company from such a horrible fate. <ref name="Mutton"/>

During the scuffle, William dropped the key to their troll-cave, which contained all manner of treasure plundered from the trolls' victims. [[Bilbo Baggins]] recovered the key, allowing the company to claim the treasure in its entirety, including several fine [[Elves|Elvish]] blades. [[Glamdring]] went to Gandalf, while its mate [[Orcrist]] was claimed by [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]]. Bilbo, too, claimed a blade: merely a dagger by the standards of [[Men]] or its original Elvish makers, and but a tiny pocket-knife for the trolls whose hoard it was found in, but it made an excellent short sword for a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]. <ref name="Mutton"/>

When Bilbo was captured by [[Orcs|goblins]] while crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], the goblins failed to notice the weapon simply because Bilbo wore it inside his breeches.<ref name="Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> When Bilbo was separated from the others during their escape, this allowed him to rely on the dagger's glowing blade to light his way, as well as use it to keep a hungry [[Gollum]] at bay while he tried to find his way out of the labyrinthine tunnels in the roots of the mountains.<ref name="Riddles"/>

The weapon remained nameless until the company reached [[Mirkwood]] and, deep in the darkness, Bilbo and his companions were beset by the forest's [[Spider|spiders]]. Awakening to find himself half-cocooned, Bilbo used the dagger to free himself and slay his attacker, the first time he had used it in battle. The act prompted him to name the weapon with the words, "I will give you a name, and I will call you ''Sting''." <ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref> Bilbo used the newly-christened Sting to cut the spiders' silk to free his companions, and during the ensuing battle, utilized it in combination with the [[The One Ring|magic ring]] he had found in Gollum's cave, thrown rocks, and hurled insults to help the venom-weakened dwarves fight their way out of the spiders' nest. <ref name="Flies"/>

When Bilbo returned to [[the Shire]] in [[Third_Age_2942|2942]], he brought his little dagger with him. He displayed it above the mantleplace, where it most likely was when Gandalf and [[Balin]] visited him seven years later in [[Third_Age_2949|2949]] <ref>{{H|19}}</ref>After the [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]] on [[22 September|September 22]], [[Third_Age_3001|3001]], Bilbo took Sting with him when he left [[Hobbiton]], and it resided with the aged hobbit in [[Rivendell]] for the next 17 years. In [[Third_Age_3018|3018]], just before the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] set off from Rivendell, Bilbo gave Sting to his nephew [[Frodo Baggins]], as well as his wondrous coat of [[Mithril]] mail, as a gift to protect him on the perilous journey to [[Mount Doom]] that lay ahead.

As a consequence of his centuries of corruption under The One Ring's influence, Gollum feared weapons of Elvish make like Sting, which made the knife a factor in aiding Frodo in temporarily taming the wretched creature. It also helped Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee]] escape from the lair of the terrible [[Shelob]] in [[Cirith Ungol]], and during the ensuing battle, even after paralyzing Frodo, the massive spider met its match in a determined Samwise Gamgee and learned how the Elvish weapon earned its name. Still armed with Sting, Sam stormed the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] in order to rescue Frodo, though he found little in the way of a fight, as the tower had seen a battle between its own forces over Frodo's mithril-mail coat.

After the defeat of Sauron at the end of the [[Third Age]], when both Bilbo and Frodo sailed across the sea to the [[Undying Lands]], Sting remained with Sam. He may have taken it with him when he, at last, followed them as was his right as the last remaining [[Ring-Bearers|Ring-Bearer]], or it may have remained as an heirloom of the [[Gardner Family]].

==Special Properties==

Sting had the (apparently) magic ability to detect the presence of goblins in its vicinity. When Orcs were nearby, it glowed blue, as Bilbo noticed when alone in the dark just prior to meeting Gollum.<ref name="Riddles"/> This ability was used several times by Frodo and the Fellowship such as when the group encountered Orcs in the mines of [[Moria]] and by [[Aragorn]] upon the Fellowship's arrival at [[Parth Galen]].<ref>{{FR|Journey}}; {{FR|Breaking}}</ref>

Sting also performed better than ordinary weapons in combat and against odd materials; it cut through the webs of giant spiders easily, whereas the [[Daggers of Westernesse|blade]] that Sam brought from the [[Barrow-downs]] failed to cut through Shelob's webs.<ref>{{H|Flies}}; {{TT|Lair}}</ref>

==Portrayal in Adaptions==
<center>
<gallery>
Image:StingRB1977.JPG|<center>''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]''</center>
Image:StingRB1980.JPG|<center>''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]''</center>
File:The Hobbit-An Unexpected Journey-Bilbo&Sting1.png|<center>[[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]</center>
</gallery></center>
'''[[1977]]: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Sting has a distinctive shape, with a vaguely leaf-shaped blade, round, ball-shaped pommel, featureless black hilt, and a unique guard sporting a ring in the front that the wielder's finger slips into when grasping the hilt. This version of Sting glows bright white, not blue as in the books and most other adaptations. Notably, following the Rankin/Bass adaptations' pattern of not explicitly showing violence, Sting is not shown stabbing or slashing its victims; instead, a strange fly-eye like effect is shown when Bilbo slays the giant spiders in Mirkwood, an effect that is oddly repeated when he knocks another spider off of a branch with a rock.<ref>''The Hobbit (1977 film)''</ref>

'''[[1980]]: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Sting's appearance is broadly similar to that in Rankin/Bass' earlier film, with some alterations; notably, the shape of the blade is changed from vaguely leaf-shaped to stout and straight-bladed, and the hilt is no longer a featureless black, but is now adorned with intricate designs.<ref>''The Return of the King (1980 film)''</ref>

'''[[2001]]-[[2003|3]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Sting is leaf-shaped. Upon its crossguard are engraved the [[Sindarin]] words:

:[[image:sting_engraved.png]] 
::''Maegnas aen estar nin dagnir in yngyl im''

:Which is translated "Maegnas is my name, I am the spider's bane" (Maegnas is [[neo-Sindarin]] for "Sting")

Since the sword was given a name by Bilbo and the inscription mentions Bilbo's adventure, it can be supposed that the Elves engraved the letters on the ancient sword while Bilbo was in Rivendell. This is supported by a released still fro [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] where the Sting appears plain, without any writing.

'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Unlike the book, Sting is first seen in the Dream World stage, a sort of tutorial wherein Bilbo, after fainting during the Unexpected Party, dreams he is at the Battle of Five Armies and must fight his way through a few waves of goblins before being overwhelmed by [[Bolg]] and his guard, startling awake, and continuing the story.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Dream World"</ref> After Bilbo awakens, Sting is not seen again until the end of the Troll-Hole stage, which takes place after the encounter with Tom, Bill, and Bert like in the book. Unlike in the book, where Bilbo does not name Sting until he is in [[Mirkwood]], he gives it a name almost immediately.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Troll-hole"</ref>

{{references}}
{{weapons}}

[[Category:Swords]]

[[de:Stich]]
[[fr:encyclo:artefacts:armes:dard]]
[[fi:Piikki]]

Third Age 2600

2012-07-25T06:48:50Z

NoBT: Added page for broken link

* [[Ecthelion I]] is born.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 205</ref>

{{References}}

[[Category:Third Age years]]

Third Age 2698

2012-07-25T06:44:59Z

NoBT: update references formatting

* [[Ecthelion I]] rebuilds the [[Tower of Ecthelion|White Tower]] in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Third Age years]]

User talk:KingAragorn/2012

2012-07-21T22:44:39Z

NoBT:

<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #C0C090; padding:5px; background-color:#F9F9F9;">[[File:Archive.png|50px|center]]
<center>'''Archives'''</center>
*[[User talk:KingAragorn/2007|2007]]
*[[User talk:KingAragorn/2008|2008]]
*[[User talk:KingAragorn/2009|2009]]
*[[User talk:KingAragorn/2010|2010]]
*[[User talk:KingAragorn/2011|2011]]
</div>
{{Usertalk}}

== Images ==

Hi KA! If understand it correctly, the sorting of the artists by their last name disappeared when the category "Images by Artist" was changed to "Images by artist". Should they still be listed under their last name? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 17:41, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

:Ah yes, I remember breaking that now (if it's any consolation, it was because the bot did it). They should still be listed alphabetically. I'll get round to fixing it at some point. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:44, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

::I got round to it. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 21:10, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

Any idea on which copyright template to use on images of publications where the publisher no longer exists? For example, [[:File:Show Volume 1 Number 1.png|Show Volume 1 Number 1.png]].--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:01, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

:Yes, it's difficult to tell what happens to copyrights when businesses go bankrupt. However, just to be sure, I would use the fairuse template and attribute "H & R Publications" as the copyright holder. --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 21:10, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

==Lego Fair-use==
Hi KA, would it be possible if you could create a fair-use template for the Lego Group. As we already have many Lego images, and probally will have more in the future. Their site is: http://www.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx Thanks! --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 20:19, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

:Certainly. I've made [[Template:Fairuse-Lego|the template]], but we'll have to ask one of those nice admins to add it to the [[MediaWiki:Licenses|licensing list]].--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 22:02, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

== Bot ==

Thanks for the help!--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 17:52, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

:No problem!--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:35, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

== Mandos ==

I'll leave this with you to sort out, but [[Talk:Námo (Mandos)]] didn't move because [[Talk:Mandos]] already existed. I don't know if you want to keep one/both/neither. Up to you. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 15:28, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

:They can probably just stay as they are.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 16:13, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

== Thanks ==

Why thank you for the welcome, King Aragorn, or shall I call you Strider? {{Unsigned|OlorinTheWhite}}

:You can call me Strider if you want! --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 22:05, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

== Fair-use Cover ==

We need to do something about this: [[Template:Fairuse-cover]]. It's used ''a lot'' and does seem moderately useful. Do we need, e.g. "Fairuse-HarperCollins", "Fairuse-HoughtonMifflin" etc etc? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:04, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

:Yes. Whenever I attempt to sort it out, I quickly give up because of all the work involved. From the start of June I will be able to help you with all of this work.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 10:27, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

::Come in chat or FB! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:38, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

== Deleting things ==

{{blockquote|I only delete things that [[Special:WhatLinksHere/File:2nd age flat.png|have no other articles linking to them]].|{{User:Mith/sig}} 20:40, 11 December 2011 (UTC)}}

My policy [[Special:WhatLinksHere/File:Quentin Lowagie - Arda in the First Age.gif|has]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/File:Quentin Lowagie - Arda in the Second Age.gif|not]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/File:Quentin Lowagie - Arda in the Third Age.gif|changed]]. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 22:48, 21 May 2012 (UTC)

:Will I ever learn?!--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 08:50, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

::Apparently not! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 11:12, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

I am not going to delete any more of the 66 candidates for speedy deletion unless you can assure me that [[Special:WhatLinksHere/File:Doors of Night.jpg|there is no more of these]]. You consistently do this and it is beginning to annoy a bit. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 21:43, 14 June 2012 (UTC)

==Z==
Hi! Can you please add Z to Portal:Languages? The code on the page was too complicated for me... --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:08, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

:Done!--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 10:10, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

== Locations category ==

I'm trying to name a category for such [[:Category:Sites of civilisation|Sites of Civilations]] referring to courtyards, markets, squares, etc. How about "Spaces", or is too vague? Articles include [[Court of the Fountain (Minas Tirith)]] and [[Square of the Palace]]. Or can we use an existing category?--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 21:27, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

:How about "Squares"?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 22:05, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

::Sounds good.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:47, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

== Change cat ==

Don't forget to change to [[:Category:Gatekeepers with over 10000 edits|Category:Gatekeepers with over 10000 edits]]! ;) --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 21:06, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

:Many thanks!--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 12:22, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

== Image/File ==

What's the difference? Do we need to change [http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Help:Images#How_to this]?--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:34, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

:It's the old way of doing it. Of course, both will work. But you'll usually find that articles that use "Image:" are very old and haven't been updated in a long time. It just bugs me! --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 20:53, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

::It bugs me that you change <nowiki>{{references}}</nowiki> to <nowiki>{{References}}</nowiki>, for example, it's not necessary and we should be consistent! File: is preferable (because we have sound clips that are files and certainly not images), but I don't think it's worth editing a page to specifically change. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 12:08, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

== Radagast/Decipher ==
I tagged Radagast's Decipher Card appearance with a {fact} because I've been meaning to check out the source. It was an article on Weta's site ([http://www.decipher.com/content/2004/07/072204lotrwetacasting.html]). It's dead, but it's still accessible with Wayback Machine - [http://web.archive.org/web/20080906171452/http://www.decipher.com/content/2004/07/072204lotrwetacasting.html]. How would we source that? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 16:22, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

:I wasn't sure myself, but Mith suggests that we should just reference the archive.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 16:30, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

::Yep, nothing strange about that -- give the Wayback Machine page as the reference.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 19:01, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

== Tom and Goldberry ==
Which Infobox? We don't know what they are, do we? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:58, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

:Exactly. They're legitimate characters and it's a shame that they don't have an infobox just because we don't know what they are. How about an infobox for "enigmas"?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:01, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

::I have no problem with that. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:43, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

== Copyright license ==

I talked to Mans Bjorkman and he said that we have his permission to use [[:Category:Flags_and_Devices|his heraldic devices]] provided that we mention:
#A link to the source (http://www.forodrim.org/gobennas/heraldry/heraldry.htm)
#A disclaimer that they are based on Tolkien's own images and descriptions.
[[User:Sage|Sage]] 17:28, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

Ah, will you proceed to add the copyright notice, templates etc? [[User:Sage|Sage]] 17:51, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

:Thanks for getting permission from Mans Bjorkman. As they're not all by Bjorkman in the [[:Category:Flags and Devices|Flags and Devices category]], I can't bot it. Could you add the the info to each page? Just put the source URL as the website (i.e. <nowiki>[http://www.forodrim.org/gobennas/heraldry/heraldry.htm Source]</nowiki>), and put the disclaimer under <nowiki>==Summary==</nowiki>.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 17:57, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

== Thanks! ==

Thanks for fixing my goof up on the Third Age:2644 page. I meant to add Third Age:2665 which was a broken link on most of the Náin genealogy pages (including the Thorin page), but edited the existing 2644 instead. When I went back to the Thorin page later, I couldn't understand at first why the link was still red. --[[User:NoBT|NoBT]] 22:44, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Sting

2012-07-21T22:38:03Z

NoBT:

I added a note that Sting glows in the vicinity of giant spiders. In the Hobbit, the spiders were able to track Bilbo while he wore the Ring, because they could still see the light shed by Sting. Sting also glowed when [Frodo] and Sam faced Shelob in her cave, and when Sam later fought Shelob in the pass.

Sting also cut through Shelob's webs and the webs of the spiders of Mirkwood without difficulty, while Sam's blade from the Barrow Downs (made in Arnor for use against Angmar) wouldn't cut Shelob's webs.

:I disagree with the claim that Sting would glow in the vicinity of spiders. In the Hobbit, the spiders track Bilbo while he is invisible primarily because of his singing and rock throwing. There is a line that says, "the spiders saw the sword, although I don't suppose they knew what it was", however it's not clear from this description that the reason they saw the sword was because of glowing. In Shelob's lair, the glow is most likely the result of the presence of the Orcs in the Tower of Cirith Ungol. If there is consensus that I am incorrect in my interpretation, or if there is a clear reference to glowing in the presence of spiders, then certainly we should change the text back. --[[User:NoBT|NoBT]] 22:38, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

==Maegnas==

What is the origin of the name ''Maegnas''? I was not aware that Sting had any name before Bilbo gave it one; there was no mention of runes on the blade when Thorin and Company had Elrond read the runes on Glamdring and Orcrist during their stopover in Rivendell. It seems a tad convenient that runes on the blade (that no one noticed in ''The Hobbit'') just happen to have almost the same meaning as the name Bilbo gave the blade. --[[User:Ted C|Ted C]] 13:20, 21 November 2006 (EST)

:My best guess is, that this came out of one of those money-sucking producs accompanying PJ's "adaptation" of the LotR. --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 13:36, 21 November 2006 (EST)

::'Maegnas' sounds [[Sindarin]]. "''[[maeg]]''" means "sharp" (as in ''[[Maeglin]]'', "sharp glance"). I'll have to look up ''[[nas]]'', but I've seen it before. --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 18:01, 21 November 2006 (EST)

:::Oh, the article says that already. Anyway, I should be back. . . --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 18:03, 21 November 2006 (EST)

::::''[[Nass]]'' means "point". So I guess "''Maegnas''" simply means "sharp point". --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 18:16, 21 November 2006 (EST)

:My problem is not with the translation; is there any legitimate source for the name, or was it made up to help peddle merchandise like "Sting" replicas? As I said, there was no mention of runes on this dagger in ''The Hobbit'' or ''The Lord of the Rings'', so where is this Elvish name coming from? It seems to me that the authenticity of the whole first paragraph is dubious. --[[User:Ted C|Ted C]] 09:53, 22 November 2006 (EST)

::It was in the original draft of the article by Hyarion (which was large), so I'm guessing it was originally copy-pasted from Wikipedia (which seems to have a tendancy towards movie-fan editors). I'll give it twenty-four hours, but if there is no evidence found by then (I don't have the HoME at the moment, so someone else would need to do that) I'll delete the statements. --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 13:33, 22 November 2006 (EST)

:::I looked at the Wikipedia article. It states that this is movie fanon. I'll move it to that. --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 13:35, 22 November 2006 (EST)

Talk:Sting

2012-07-21T22:32:49Z

NoBT: Reason for removing Special Property of glowing near spiders and Shelob

I added a note that Sting glows in the vicinity of giant spiders. In the Hobbit, the spiders were able to track Bilbo while he wore the Ring, because they could still see the light shed by Sting. Sting also glowed when [Frodo] and Sam faced Shelob in her cave, and when Sam later fought Shelob in the pass.

Sting also cut through Shelob's webs and the webs of the spiders of Mirkwood without difficulty, while Sam's blade from the Barrow Downs (made in Arnor for use against Angmar) wouldn't cut Shelob's webs.

:I disagree with the claim that Sting would glow in the vicinity of spiders. In the Hobbit, the spiders track Bilbo while he is invisible primarily because of his singing and rock throwing. There is a line that says, "the spiders saw the sword, although I don't suppose they knew what it was", however it's not clear from this description that the reason they saw the sword was because of glowing. In Shelob's lair, the glow is most likely the result of the presence of the Orcs in the Tower of Cirith Ungol. If there is consensus that I am incorrect in my interpretation, or if there is a clear reference to glowing in the presence of spiders, then certainly we should change the text back.

==Maegnas==

What is the origin of the name ''Maegnas''? I was not aware that Sting had any name before Bilbo gave it one; there was no mention of runes on the blade when Thorin and Company had Elrond read the runes on Glamdring and Orcrist during their stopover in Rivendell. It seems a tad convenient that runes on the blade (that no one noticed in ''The Hobbit'') just happen to have almost the same meaning as the name Bilbo gave the blade. --[[User:Ted C|Ted C]] 13:20, 21 November 2006 (EST)

:My best guess is, that this came out of one of those money-sucking producs accompanying PJ's "adaptation" of the LotR. --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 13:36, 21 November 2006 (EST)

::'Maegnas' sounds [[Sindarin]]. "''[[maeg]]''" means "sharp" (as in ''[[Maeglin]]'', "sharp glance"). I'll have to look up ''[[nas]]'', but I've seen it before. --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 18:01, 21 November 2006 (EST)

:::Oh, the article says that already. Anyway, I should be back. . . --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 18:03, 21 November 2006 (EST)

::::''[[Nass]]'' means "point". So I guess "''Maegnas''" simply means "sharp point". --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 18:16, 21 November 2006 (EST)

:My problem is not with the translation; is there any legitimate source for the name, or was it made up to help peddle merchandise like "Sting" replicas? As I said, there was no mention of runes on this dagger in ''The Hobbit'' or ''The Lord of the Rings'', so where is this Elvish name coming from? It seems to me that the authenticity of the whole first paragraph is dubious. --[[User:Ted C|Ted C]] 09:53, 22 November 2006 (EST)

::It was in the original draft of the article by Hyarion (which was large), so I'm guessing it was originally copy-pasted from Wikipedia (which seems to have a tendancy towards movie-fan editors). I'll give it twenty-four hours, but if there is no evidence found by then (I don't have the HoME at the moment, so someone else would need to do that) I'll delete the statements. --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 13:33, 22 November 2006 (EST)

:::I looked at the Wikipedia article. It states that this is movie fanon. I'll move it to that. --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 13:35, 22 November 2006 (EST)

Sting

2012-07-21T22:18:31Z

NoBT: Removed claim that sting glowed for spiders and Shelob. See discussion. Cleaned up and added references

{{rewrite}}
[[Image:John Howe - Sting.jpg|thumb|''Sting'' by [[John Howe]].]]
'''Sting''' was an [[Elvish]] knife that was probably made in [[Gondolin]] in the [[First Age]]. Its maker and original bearer are unknown.

==History==
During the [[Quest of Erebor]], in [[May]] [[Third_Age_2941|2941]]<ref name="Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref>, [[Thorin and Company]] happened upon a trio of nasty, hungry [[Trolls]] named [[Tom]], [[Bert]], and [[William Huggins]] who nearly ate them for supper. Only the intervention of [[Gandalf]] the Grey saved the company from such a horrible fate. <ref name="Mutton"/>

During the scuffle, William dropped the key to their troll-cave, which contained all manner of treasure plundered from the trolls' victims. [[Bilbo Baggins]] recovered the key, allowing the company to claim the treasure in its entirety, including several fine [[Elves|Elvish]] blades. [[Glamdring]] went to Gandalf, while its mate [[Orcrist]] was claimed by [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]]. Bilbo, too, claimed a blade: merely a dagger by the standards of [[Men]] or its original Elvish makers, and but a tiny pocket-knife for the trolls whose hoard it was found in, but it made an excellent short sword for a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]. <ref name="Mutton"/>

When Bilbo was captured by [[Orcs|goblins]] while crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], the goblins failed to notice the weapon simply because Bilbo wore it inside his breeches.<ref name="Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> When Bilbo was separated from the others during their escape, this allowed him to rely on the dagger's glowing blade to light his way, as well as use it to keep a hungry [[Gollum]] at bay while he tried to find his way out of the labyrinthine tunnels in the roots of the mountains.<ref name="Riddles"/>

The weapon remained nameless until the company reached [[Mirkwood]] and, deep in the darkness, Bilbo and his companions were beset by the forest's [[Spider|spiders]]. Awakening to find himself half-cocooned, Bilbo used the dagger to free himself and slay his attacker, the first time he had used it in battle. The act prompted him to name the weapon with the words, "I will give you a name, and I will call you ''Sting''." <ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref> Bilbo used the newly-christened Sting to cut the spiders' silk to free his companions, and during the ensuing battle, utilized it in combination with the [[The One Ring|magic ring]] he had found in Gollum's cave, thrown rocks, and hurled insults to help the venom-weakened dwarves fight their way out of the spiders' nest. <ref name="Flies"/>

When Bilbo returned to [[the Shire]] in [[Third_Age_2942|2942]], he brought his little dagger with him. He displayed it above the mantleplace, where it most likely was when Gandalf and [[Balin]] visited him seven years later in [[Third_Age_2949|2949]] <ref>{{H|19}}</ref>After the [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]] on [[22 September|September 22]], [[Third_Age_3001|3001]], Bilbo took Sting with him when he left [[Hobbiton]], and it resided with the aged hobbit in [[Rivendell]] for the next 17 years. In [[Third_Age_3018|3018]], just before the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] set off from Rivendell, Bilbo gave Sting to his nephew [[Frodo Baggins]], as well as his wondrous coat of [[Mithril]] mail, as a gift to protect him on the perilous journey to [[Mount Doom]] that lay ahead.

As a consequence of his centuries of corruption under The One Ring's influence, Gollum feared weapons of Elvish make like Sting, which made the knife a factor in aiding Frodo in temporarily taming the wretched creature. It also helped Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee]] escape from the lair of the terrible [[Shelob]] in [[Cirith Ungol]], and during the ensuing battle, even after paralyzing Frodo, the massive spider met its match in a determined Samwise Gamgee and learned how the Elvish weapon earned its name. Still armed with Sting, Sam stormed the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] in order to rescue Frodo, though he found little in the way of a fight, as the tower had seen a battle between its own forces over Frodo's mithril-mail coat.

After the defeat of Sauron at the end of the [[Third Age]], when both Bilbo and Frodo sailed across the sea to the [[Undying Lands]], Sting remained with Sam. He may have taken it with him when he, at last, followed them as was his right as the last remaining [[Ring-Bearer]], or it may have remained as an heirloom of the [[Gardner Family]].

==Special Properties==

Sting had the (apparently) magic ability to detect the presence of goblins in its vicinity. When Orcs were nearby, it glowed blue, as Bilbo noticed when alone in the dark just prior to meeting Gollum.<ref name="Riddles"/> This ability was used several times by Frodo and the Fellowship such as when the group encountered Orcs in the mines of [[Moria]] and by [[Aragorn]] upon the Fellowship's arrival at [[Parth Galen]].<ref>{{FR|Journey}}; {{FR|Breaking}}</ref>

Sting also performed better than ordinary weapons in combat and against odd materials; it cut through the webs of giant spiders easily, whereas the [[Daggers of Westernesse|blade]] that Sam brought from the [[Barrow-downs]] failed to cut through Shelob's webs.<ref>{{H|Flies}}; {{TT|Lair}}</ref>

==Portrayal in Adaptions==
<center>
<gallery>
Image:StingRB1977.JPG|<center>''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]''</center>
Image:StingRB1980.JPG|<center>''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]''</center>
File:The Hobbit-An Unexpected Journey-Bilbo&Sting1.png|<center>[[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]</center>
</gallery></center>
'''[[1977]]: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Sting has a distinctive shape, with a vaguely leaf-shaped blade, round, ball-shaped pommel, featureless black hilt, and a unique guard sporting a ring in the front that the wielder's finger slips into when grasping the hilt. This version of Sting glows bright white, not blue as in the books and most other adaptations. Notably, following the Rankin/Bass adaptations' pattern of not explicitly showing violence, Sting is not shown stabbing or slashing its victims; instead, a strange fly-eye like effect is shown when Bilbo slays the giant spiders in Mirkwood, an effect that is oddly repeated when he knocks another spider off of a branch with a rock.<ref>''The Hobbit (1977 film)''</ref>

'''[[1980]]: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Sting's appearance is broadly similar to that in Rankin/Bass' earlier film, with some alterations; notably, the shape of the blade is changed from vaguely leaf-shaped to stout and straight-bladed, and the hilt is no longer a featureless black, but is now adorned with intricate designs.<ref>''The Return of the King (1980 film)''</ref>

'''[[2001]]-[[2003|3]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Sting is leaf-shaped. Upon its crossguard are engraved the [[Sindarin]] words:

:[[image:sting_engraved.png]] 
::''Maegnas aen estar nin dagnir in yngyl im''

:Which is translated "Maegnas is my name, I am the spider's bane" (Maegnas is [[neo-Sindarin]] for "Sting")

Since the sword was given a name by Bilbo and the inscription mentions Bilbo's adventure, it can be supposed that the Elves engraved the letters on the ancient sword while Bilbo was in Rivendell. This is supported by a released still fro [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] where the Sting appears plain, without any writing.

'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Unlike the book, Sting is first seen in the Dream World stage, a sort of tutorial wherein Bilbo, after fainting during the Unexpected Party, dreams he is at the Battle of Five Armies and must fight his way through a few waves of goblins before being overwhelmed by [[Bolg]] and his guard, startling awake, and continuing the story.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Dream World"</ref> After Bilbo awakens, Sting is not seen again until the end of the Troll-Hole stage, which takes place after the encounter with Tom, Bill, and Bert like in the book. Unlike in the book, where Bilbo does not name Sting until he is in [[Mirkwood]], he gives it a name almost immediately.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Troll-hole"</ref>

{{references}}
{{weapons}}

[[Category:Swords]]

[[de:Stich]]
[[fr:encyclo:artefacts:armes:dard]]
[[fi:Piikki]]

Third Age 2665

2012-07-21T21:37:03Z

NoBT: Added page for broken link

* [[Náin_(son_of_Grór)|Náin]] is born.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

{{References}}

[[Category:Third Age years]]

Third Age 2644

2012-07-21T17:53:39Z

NoBT: Added page for broken link

* [[Náin]] is born.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Third Age years]]

Third Age 2644

2012-07-21T17:50:38Z

NoBT: Update reference

* [[Thráin II]] is born.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Third Age years]]

Fall of Nargothrond

2012-07-21T08:15:33Z

NoBT: correct date format

{{disambig-more|The Fall|[[The Fall (disambiguation)]]}}
{{expansion}}
{{battle
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - Finduilas is Led Past Túrin at the Sack of Nargothrond.jpg|250px]]
| name=Fall of Nargothrond
| conflict=[[War of the Jewels]]
| date=[[First Age 494|F.A. 494]]
| place=[[Nargothrond]]
| result=Utter destruction of Nargothrond
| side1=Elves
| side2=Orcs
| commanders1=*[[Orodreth]]
*[[Húrin]]
| commanders2=[[Glaurung]]
| forces1=Thousands of [[Noldor]] warriors{{fact}}
| forces2=Thousands of Orcs{{fact}}
| casual1=The Elves of Nargothrond are annihilated, survivors are enslaved {{fact}}
| casual2=Mild{{fact}}
}}
The '''Fall of Nargothrond''' was the overthrow and destruction of the city by that name, wrought by [[Glaurung]] and his hordes, in {{FA|494}}.

==Prelude==

Since its foundation by [[Finrod]], the [[Elves of Nargothrond]] had pursued a secretive war against [[Morgoth]], hunting their enemies by stealth and ambush rather than going to open war. When [[Túrin]] was led there by [[Gwindor]], though, he counselled a different strategy to [[Orodreth]], who had by that time succeeded his brother Finrod as King in Nargothrond. Orodreth therefore built a bridge from his doors across the [[Narog]], and went to open war with Morgoth.

This was a foolhardy strategy. In centuries of searching, Morgoth had been unable to find the fortress of [[Nargothrond]], but now not only was its location revealed, but the new bridge removed the defense of the River Narog. [[Glaurung]] was sent out from [[Angband]] with an army of [[Orcs]] to capture the city.

==The Battle==

The army of Nargothrond went out to meet Glaurung on the field of [[Tumhalad]], some miles north of the citadel. They were routed, and those [[Elves]] left in the city awaiting their return, instead found the [[Dragons|Dragon]] and his Orcs crossing their bridge and entering the citadel. These people, including Orodreth's daughter [[Finduilas]], were captured by the Orcs and driven northward.

Coming late to the sack were Túrin and some few other survivors of the [[Battle of Tumhalad]]. At the sight of the Dragon, Túrin's companions fled, but Túrin himself was placed under Glaurung's dragon-spell, and forced to watch as the captives were driven away. Then Glaurung released Túrin, knowing the evils this would cause, and settled to enjoy his newly-sacked domain.

[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]

Nargothrond

2012-07-21T08:11:10Z

NoBT: Updating grammer. Not sure what was meant by "where they were conceived as one of them"

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Nargothrond (II) (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| name = Nargothrond
| meaning =
| type =
| headofstate = King of Nargothrond
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Nargothrond
| language = Sindarin
| location = The meeting of the rivers [[Ringwil]] and [[Narog]], beneath the [[High Faroth]]
| populace= Noldorin elves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = [[First Age 52|F.A. 52]]
| established =
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = [[First Age 495|F.A. 495]]
| restored =
}}

'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] to dwell in, delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]]. This was the base of Felagund's realm that included the lands to the north (the ''[[Talath Dirnen]]'') and surrounding.

==History==
===Creation===
The Caverns of Narog beneath the forested hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] on the western bank of the river were known as [[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]], first inhabited by the [[Petty-dwarves]] before they were driven out.

Inspired by [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]], and seeking a hidden place from which to be safe from the forces of [[Morgoth]], Finrod established Nargothrond in the caves in the early years of the [[First Age]]. He was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Ered Luin]], who also made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves.

===Days of Power===

Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and handed rule to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], the sons of [[Fëanor]], were defeated and retreated to Nargothrond where they were received as one of them. Although the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher. Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.

===Fall===
[[Image:Alan Lee - Túrin in Nargothrond.jpg|thumb|left|''Túrin in Nargothrond'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
(''Main article: [[Fall of Nargothrond]]'')

[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the bridge was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].

===Afterwards===
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen horde until he went Northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Túrin, and after being killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]] he never returned. Then, [[Mîm]] the Petty Dwarf settled there reclaiming his people's ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. The realm remained deserted for the rest of the first age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of the Beleriand.

==Etymology==
From its first conception, the name '''Nargothrond''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).<ref>{{WJ|10}}</ref>

However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name ''Nar(u)kathan'' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Nargothrond|Images of Nargothrond]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Nargothrond]]
[[fi:Nargothrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]

Khuzd

2012-07-21T07:54:35Z

NoBT: /* Etymology */

__NOTOC__
{{main|Dwarves}}
'''''Khuzd''''' pl. '''''Khazâd''''' was the [[Khuzdul]] word for the "[[Dwarves]]".
==Etymology==
The word comes from the [[Sundocarmë|Root]] Kh-Z-D; it is also visible in the words ''[[Khuzdul]]'' and perhaps ''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''.

==Derivatives==
The plural form ''Khazâd'' is the basis of [[Quenya]] ''[[casar]]'' and [[Sindarin]] ''[[hadhod]]''.

The [[Adûnaic]] word ''[[hazad]]'', meaning "seven", is presumably also related.
==Examples==
* [[Khazad-dûm]]
* [[Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!]]
==Other versions==
In earlier versions, the plural was ''Khuzûd'' <ref>{{HM|LR}} pp.274, 278</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Khuzdul words]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/khazad]]

Nargothrond

2012-07-21T07:53:59Z

NoBT: /* use same optional spelling for link as later in the page */

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Nargothrond (II) (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| name = Nargothrond
| meaning =
| type =
| headofstate = King of Nargothrond
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Nargothrond
| language = Sindarin
| location = The meeting of the rivers [[Ringwil]] and [[Narog]], beneath the [[High Faroth]]
| populace= Noldorin elves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = [[First Age 52|F.A. 52]]
| established =
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = [[First Age 495|F.A. 495]]
| restored =
}}

'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] to dwell in, delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]]. This was the base of Felagund's realm that included the lands to the north (the ''[[Talath Dirnen]]'') and surrounding.

==History==
===Creation===
The Caverns of Narog beneath the forested hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] on the western bank of the river were known as [[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]], first inhabited by the [[Petty-dwarves]] before they were driven out.

Inspired by [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]], and seeking a hidden place from which to be safe from the forces of [[Morgoth]], Finrod established Nargothrond in the caves in the early years of the [[First Age]]. He was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Ered Luin]], who also made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves.

===Days of Power===

Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and gave it to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] the sons of [[Fëanor]], [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]] were defeated and had to retreat to Nargothrond, where they were conceived as one of them, but though the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher.
Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed Nargothrond with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.

===Fall===
[[Image:Alan Lee - Túrin in Nargothrond.jpg|thumb|left|''Túrin in Nargothrond'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
(''Main article: [[Fall of Nargothrond]]'')

[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the bridge was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].

===Afterwards===
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen horde until he went Northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Túrin, and after being killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]] he never returned. Then, [[Mîm]] the Petty Dwarf settled there reclaiming his people's ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. The realm remained deserted for the rest of the first age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of the Beleriand.

==Etymology==
From its first conception, the name '''Nargothrond''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).<ref>{{WJ|10}}</ref>

However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name ''Nar(u)kathan'' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Nargothrond|Images of Nargothrond]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Nargothrond]]
[[fi:Nargothrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]

Nargothrond

2012-07-21T07:51:35Z

NoBT: correct spelling and relink Nulukkizdîn

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Nargothrond (II) (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| name = Nargothrond
| meaning =
| type =
| headofstate = King of Nargothrond
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Nargothrond
| language = Sindarin
| location = The meeting of the rivers [[Ringwil]] and [[Narog]], beneath the [[High Faroth]]
| populace= Noldorin elves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = [[First Age 52|F.A. 52]]
| established =
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = [[First Age 495|F.A. 495]]
| restored =
}}

'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] to dwell in, delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]]. This was the base of Felagund's realm that included the lands to the north (the ''[[Talath Dirnen]]'') and surrounding.

==History==
===Creation===
The Caverns of Narog beneath the forested hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] on the western bank of the river were known as [[Nulukkizdîn]], first inhabited by the [[Petty-dwarves]] before they were driven out.

Inspired by [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]], and seeking a hidden place from which to be safe from the forces of [[Morgoth]], Finrod established Nargothrond in the caves in the early years of the [[First Age]]. He was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Ered Luin]], who also made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves.

===Days of Power===

Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and gave it to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] the sons of [[Fëanor]], [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]] were defeated and had to retreat to Nargothrond, where they were conceived as one of them, but though the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher.
Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed Nargothrond with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.

===Fall===
[[Image:Alan Lee - Túrin in Nargothrond.jpg|thumb|left|''Túrin in Nargothrond'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
(''Main article: [[Fall of Nargothrond]]'')

[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the bridge was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].

===Afterwards===
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen horde until he went Northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Túrin, and after being killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]] he never returned. Then, [[Mîm]] the Petty Dwarf settled there reclaiming his people's ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. The realm remained deserted for the rest of the first age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of the Beleriand.

==Etymology==
From its first conception, the name '''Nargothrond''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).<ref>{{WJ|10}}</ref>

However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name ''Nar(u)kathan'' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Nargothrond|Images of Nargothrond]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Nargothrond]]
[[fi:Nargothrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]

Nargothrond

2012-07-21T07:45:35Z

NoBT: /* grammar, spelling, and remove broken link */

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Nargothrond (II) (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| name = Nargothrond
| meaning =
| type =
| headofstate = King of Nargothrond
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Nargothrond
| language = Sindarin
| location = The meeting of the rivers [[Ringwil]] and [[Narog]], beneath the [[High Faroth]]
| populace= Noldorin elves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = [[First Age 52|F.A. 52]]
| established =
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = [[First Age 495|F.A. 495]]
| restored =
}}

'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] to dwell in, delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]]. This was the base of Felagund's realm that included the lands to the north (the ''[[Talath Dirnen]]'') and surrounding.

==History==
===Creation===
The Caverns of Narog beneath the forested hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] on the western bank of the river were known as Nulukkhizdîn, first inhabited by the [[Petty-dwarves]] before they were driven out.

Inspired by [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]], and seeking a hidden place from which to be safe from the forces of [[Morgoth]], Finrod established Nargothrond in the caves in the early years of the [[First Age]]. He was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Ered Luin]], who also made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves.

===Days of Power===

Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and gave it to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] the sons of [[Fëanor]], [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]] were defeated and had to retreat to Nargothrond, where they were conceived as one of them, but though the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher.
Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed Nargothrond with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.

===Fall===
[[Image:Alan Lee - Túrin in Nargothrond.jpg|thumb|left|''Túrin in Nargothrond'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
(''Main article: [[Fall of Nargothrond]]'')

[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the bridge was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].

===Afterwards===
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen horde until he went Northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Túrin, and after being killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]] he never returned. Then, [[Mîm]] the Petty Dwarf settled there reclaiming his people's ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. The realm remained deserted for the rest of the first age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of the Beleriand.

==Etymology==
From its first conception, the name '''Nargothrond''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).<ref>{{WJ|10}}</ref>

However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name ''Nar(u)kathan'' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Nargothrond|Images of Nargothrond]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Nargothrond]]
[[fi:Nargothrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]

User talk:NoBT

2012-07-19T03:42:02Z

NoBT: /* Welcome! */

{{Template:Welcome|realName=Steven Bush|name=NoBT}}

-- [[User:Mith|'''Mith''']] ([[User talk:Mith|'''Talk''']]/[[Special:Contributions/Mith|Contribs]]/[[Special:Editcount/Mith/Edits|Edits]]) 05:45, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

== Welcome! ==

Welcome to TG! Many thanks for your edits. I was just wondering, why would the inclusion of single square brackets mess up Wiki formatting? As a matter of style, I think square brackets are important.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 11:00, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

No problem. I'm not quite sure about the square brackets as I've only just started editing in wikis, but I'm fairly certain it has to do with the use of square braces in tags. If you can figure it out, go for the edit. Otherwise, I'll spend some time reading up on wiki formatting and when I find out, I'll let you know. Cheers! [[User:NoBT|NoBT]] 03:42, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Buckland

2012-07-14T06:20:11Z

NoBT: Cleaned up links and wiki formatting: note... i changed the square braces in the block quote to parenthesis to avoid wiki formatting issues

{{sources}}
{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image =[[File:Buckland.png|250px]]
| name = Buckland
| meaning = Goat- or Deer-land
| type = Hereditary clanship
| hidep=yes
| headofstate = [[Master of Buckland]]
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = [[Bucklebury]] (de facto)
| language = [[Hobbitish]] ([[Stoorish]] variant)
| location = between the Brandywine River and the Old Forest, east of the Shire, Central [[Eriador]]
| populace= [[Hobbits]], mostly of the eponymous Brandybuck clan
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = colonization by [[Brandybuck]] Hobbits of the Shire, led by [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]] ({{TA|2340}})
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved =
| restored =
}}

'''Buckland''' is a small but densely populated sliver of land between the [[Old Forest]] and the east bank of the [[Brandywine]] river, inhabited by [[Hobbits]] from the Shire, mostly of the Brandybuck family, who colonized it. Buckland was thus technically not part of the Shire itself, and was effectively a tiny independent country.

==History==
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Brandy Hall.jpg|left|thumb|[[Brandy Hall]] by Matěj Čadil]]
740 years after the founding of [[the Shire]], in {{TA|2340}}, [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]] crossed the River [[Brandywine]] from the [[Eastfarthing]] and started the building of [[Brandy Hall]] in [[Buck Hill]], in a land hitherto unpopulated by hobbits.

As Gorhendad's family grew, the Hall also expanded, and soon there was a flourishing community in the land between the River and the Old Forest. From that time, Buckland was ruled by the [[Brandybuck Family|Brandybuck]]s (as Gorhendad renamed his family to reflect their new relationship with the river), who were given the title '[[Master of Buckland]]'.

The village of [[Bucklebury]], lying close by [[Buck Hill]], was Buckland's chief village, but with the expanding population, many other villages soon grew up in the region, the largest of which were [[Newbury]], [[Crickhollow]] and [[Standelf]]. The growing power of the Master of Buckland gained respect from those close by in the Eastfarthing, too; the lands of the [[Marish]] between [[Stock]] and [[Rushey]] also acknowledged themselves under the sway of Brandy Hall.

The Bucklanders soon found themselves threatened by the strange trees of the Forest, and so built a vast hedge, the [[High Hay]], stretching twenty miles along the eastern border of their land. This was not the only danger to threaten Buckland - in {{TA|2911}}), the year of the [[Fell Winter]], the Brandywine froze and Buckland was invaded by white wolves.
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Crickhollow.jpg|thumb|''Crickhollow'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
Buckland was also the childhood home of [[Frodo Baggins]], who returned here on his journey to [[Bree]] in {{TA|3018}}. He bought a house in [[Crickhollow]], and claimed that he would be living there, but instead entered the [[Old Forest]] through the old private gate of the [[Brandybuck Family|Brandybucks]] through the [[High Hay]], and left the Shire.

==Status==
Buckland was technically not part of the Shire (as granted by the [[King of Arthedain]]), and was indeed formed over 300 years after Arthedain ceased to exist. Buckland may actually have been in what used to be considered part of [[Cardolan]] and may never have belonged to Arthedain, further making its colonization an independent action by the Hobbits. Thus, Buckland was essentially a small independent country of Hobbits, mostly of the Brandybuck family.

However it was effectively not much different from other Hobbit family homelands (such as the [[Tookland]], which the [[Took Family|Tooks]] were effectively controlling). Authority in the Shire had become so bucolic and decentralized, that simply no one took the time to assert these rival claims. Parts of the [[Marish]], part of the Shire-proper, acknowledge the authority of the [[Master of Buckland]] and not the [[Thain]] of the Shire.

In practice, Hobbits from the Shire-proper seem to have considered Buckland an odd frontier of "the Shire" more than as a separate country.

==Culture==
Although similar in many ways to other hobbits, the Bucklanders did have certain peculiarities. Due no doubt in part to the [[Fallohides|Fallohidish]] blood of the Brandybucks, the hobbits of Buckland were somewhat more adventurous than their cousins in the Shire (while still conservative by the measure of many other races in Middle-earth). The Bucklanders are characterized as being of predominantly [[Stoors|Stoor]] ancestry, and were thus a people accustomed to riversides. They enjoyed boating, an activity frowned upon by Shire-hobbits, and some of them could even swim. Due to the often muddy nature of the land near the river, it was not uncommon for Bucklanders to wear boots, making them the only Hobbits known to wear shoes.
When the [[Bree-folk]] ventured to the Shire, Buckland was their usual destination (though some ventured as far as the Eastfarthing), and so was rather more cosmopolitan (in hobbit terms) than the rest of the land.

There were some minor linguistic regional differences between Buckland and the Shire. The Brandybucks of Buckland are noted as having a particularly high concentration of Stoorish blood. Thus there were some minor linguistic anomalies in the place-names of Buckland and perhaps the accent of its speech. Also, Hobbits of Stoorish blood are noted as being the only Hobbits who are known to normally grow facial hair.

Living under constant danger from the Old Forest, the Bucklanders were hardier and more suspicious than the usual Shire-hobbit. They were organised to deal with danger (through the famous Horn-call of Buckland), and they kept their doors locked at night, which was unusual in the Shire.

Due to these cultural differences, there was an ubiquitous sentiment in other regions of the Shire (such as [[Hobbiton]] and [[Bywater]]) that "there's queer folk in Buckland".
==Part of the Shire?==
The ''[[Prologue]]'' to the ''[[Fellowship of the Ring]]'' [[Tolkien]] states:
:{{Blockquote|Outside the Farthings were the East and West Marches: the Buckland''';''' and the [[Westmarch]] added to the Shire in {{SR|1452}} ({{SR|1462}} in the earlier edition).}}

The sentence seems to imply that both Westmarch and Buckland were added to the Shire in {{FoA|32}} (or {{FoA|42}} according to the old edition).

Several reference works seem to interpret the phrase in a way that Buckland was joined to the Shire, and refer to it as "Eastmarch", whereas such a name is not mentioned in Tolkien's text.

[[Robert Foster]] says: ''Buckland was officially added to [[the Shire]] by the gift of King [[Elessar]] in FO 42 and was then known as the East March.''<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'' p. 57 entry "Buckland"</ref>. Note also that his dating of FO 42 mirrors the earlier uncorrected date of the ''Prologue''.

[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] also says: ''Two adjacent areas were added to the Shire: the Eastmarch (Buckland) and...''<ref>[[Karen Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', p. 69, The Shire</ref>

However these interpretations ignore the semi-colon in the above quote, which separates Buckland from Westmarch, showing that only "the [[Westmarch]] added to the Shire". Furthermore, the [[Appendix B]] mentions the creation of the Westmarch in {{FoA|31}}, but there is no reference to Buckland or an "Eastmarch".

==Etymology==
The word "Buck" means "goat" or "deer", and comes from the family name [[Oldbucks]].

''Buckland'' and ''Little Buckland'' are real places in England, located just to the south of [[Evesham]].<ref>[[Mark T. Hooker]], ''[[The Hobbitonian Anthology]]'', pp. 97, 112.</ref> The etymology of these towns comes from ''book'' (i.e. The Bible), referring to a land that was owned by a church or a written charter.<ref name="Nomen">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings|Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings]]" in [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] (eds), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 754</ref>

==Inspiration==
Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of [[Celtic]] elements in England.

{{references}}
[[Category:Buckland| ]]
[[de:Bockland]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/comte/pays_de_bouc]]
[[fi:Bukinmaa]]

Glorfindel

2012-07-14T05:52:31Z

NoBT: removed broken links

{{sources}}{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Glorfindel.jpg|250px]]
| name=Glorfindel
| othernames=''[[Laurefindil]]''
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Golden Flower]]
| position=
| realm=[[Aman]], [[Gondolin]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=during [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Aman]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|510}}
| deathlocation=[[Gondolin]] (then re-embodied)
| age=6500+
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Long golden<ref name="flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Asfaloth]]
}}
{{Pronounce|Glorfindel.mp3|Ardamir}}

{{quote|'''Glorfindel''' was tall and straight; his hair was of shining gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his hand was strength.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], ''[[Many Meetings]]''}}
'''Glorfindel''' ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden head of hair", pron. {{IPA|[ɡlorˈfindel]}}) was one of the mightiest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. He was distinctive because of his return to [[Middle-earth]] after death, acting as an emissary of the [[Valar]], on a similar mission to the [[Istari]] who were to come several thousand years later.

==History==
===Early History===

Glorfindel was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]]. His parentage is unknown; due to his apparent nobility and a note that he was kin of [[Turgon]] it is possible that he was the son of one of [[Finwë]]’s daughters, [[Findis]] or [[Irimë]]. This would account for his distinctive golden hair as well, as [[Indis]] their mother was a [[Vanya]]. It would also make Glorfindel the possible uncle of [[Voronwë]] (who may have been the grandson of Irimë), the only surviving mariner who sought Valinor. Nevertheless, his parentage is and always will be a matter of speculation, unless new manuscripts turn up, as [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] never explored that matter very deeply.

He was of the host of [[Turgon]], who was one of the most determined and unrepentant followers of [[Fëanor]]. Nevertheless Glorfindel himself was reluctant; only for his allegiance and kinship with Turgon did he go, and had no part in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].

===Gondolin===

After the [[Exile of the Noldor]] Glorfindel’s history is obscure. As a great follower of Turgon he was appointed chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim|Twelve Houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. He was dearly loved by all the [[Gondolindrim]], and went about in a mantle embroidered in threads of gold, diapered with celandine “as a field in spring”. His vambraces were [[Uncommon words#damask|damascened]] with "cunning gold".

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'', as drawn by [[Jenny Dolfen]].]]He witnessed the coming of [[Tuor]] and later the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. During the ensuing battle in the streets, Glorfindel chose (or was ordered) to hold the [[Great Market]] from the advancing [[orcs]]. He attempted to flank them, taking the enemy by surprise, but was himself ambushed and surrounded. Cut off, the House of the Golden Flower fought on fiercely for hours, until a fire-breathing [[Dragons|dragon]] came and leveled their ranks. Glorfindel, with some of the strongest of his followers, cut his way out, but the survivors of that battle were very few. Even then they were pursued and might have all been killed, but the [[House of the Harp]] arrived in time, after rebelling from their treacherous leader [[Salgant]], ambushing their pursuers. The Golden Flower arrived at the [[Square of the King]], one of the last of the Houses to be driven in.

As many of the lords had fallen, [[Ecthelion]] was wounded, [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]] was engaged, and [[Egalmoth]] had not yet arrived, Glorfindel joined Tuor in leading the defense of the King’s Square. When Egalmoth arrived, bringing with him many women and children, he took over Glorfindel’s job in going from place to place, strengthening the defenses. Glorfindel presumably threw himself once more into the thick of the fight. But even he could not prevent a dragon from coming down from the [[Alley of Roses]], breaking through their lines. The dragon was accompanied by orcs and balrogs, among them [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]. Even Tuor was thrown down, but Ecthelion sacrificed himself to kill Gothmog and buy the Gondolindrim a little more time. When the Gondolindrim fled southward, and King Turgon was slain, Glorfindel held the rear manfully, losing many more of his House in the process. After they had escaped Gondolin via [[Idril's Secret Way]], and passed through the [[Cirith Thoronath]], Glorfindel again held the rear with the largest number of the unwounded.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]It was at that time that a balrog and a contingent of orcs ambushed their company. Glorfindel there accomplished his greatest deed, for he saved the lives of Tuor, [[Idril]], and all the company when he defied the balrog. They fought long. According to ''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]'' Glorfindel stabbed it in the belly, but as the balrog fell it reached out and grabbed his long golden hair, pulling him back down over the edge of the cliff. He perished in the fall, but his body was borne up by [[Thorondor]], and buried him with a mound of stones in the pass. On that mound grew yellow flowers (possibly celandine), despite its remote location.

===Re-embodiment and Return===

Glorfindel’s spirit passed to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where he waited with the spirits of the other Noldor who had died during their war against [[Morgoth]]. But because of Glorfindel’s noble actions in life, his reluctance at the Exile, and his furthering of the purposes of the Valar by saving Tuor and Idril, he was re-embodied after only a short time. He had redeemed himself, and was purged of any guilt. Not only did his sacrifice get him an early pardon, it earned him great powers, so that he was almost an equal to the maiar.

Glorfindel spent several hundred years in Valinor, during which time he became a friend and follower of the [[Maia]] [[Gandalf|Olórin]]. Eventually, [[Manwë]] sent him across the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Middle-earth]], possibly as early as [[Second Age 1200]], but more likely in [[Second Age 1600|1600]] with the [[Blue Wizards]]. If the latter date, he arrived just after [[the One Ring]] had been forged, [[Barad-dûr]] built, and [[Celebrimbor]] dead or soon to be so. While the Blue Wizards were sent to the east, Glorfindel’s mission was to aid [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] in the struggle against [[Sauron]]. He played a prominent behind-the-scenes role in the war in [[Eriador]] and the other struggles of the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]]. His part, though great, was mostly overlooked by the histories, because his immense, angelic power was not usually displayed openly.

===Third Age===

[[File:Anna Lee - Glorfindel.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel'' by [[Anna Lee]].]] Glorfindel greeted his friend [[Gandalf|Olórin]] (to be known as [[Gandalf]]) in [[Mithlond]] in [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the Third Age, who was on a similar mission to his own. As the great Elves of Middle-earth fell one by one, only [[Galadriel]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elrond]], and [[Círdan]] were left of the Wise. Glorfindel took a more active role, leading the Elven forces in the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Upon the humiliation of [[Eärnur]] before the [[Witch-king]], Glorfindel bade him not pursue, and prophesied that the wraith would not fall by the hand of man.

His next appearance in the histories was during the pre-[[War of the Ring]] struggles, after [[the One Ring]] had been brought into the light once more. He was one of the elves dispatched from [[Rivendell]] by Elrond to search for the [[Ring-bearer]]. Elrond had chosen him partially because Glorfindel did not fear the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], as he had great presence in both the [[Seen]] and [[Unseen]] worlds. While on his perilous mission the Ringwraiths avoided him; he met five of them, and they fled at his presence. It was Glorfindel indeed who accomplished his mission and found the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and his friend [[Aragorn]] with him. Glorfindel put Frodo on his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and upon the approach of the Ringwraiths ordered him to go on. The white horse bore Frodo to safety across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, in a rash act of attempted heroism, turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. Glorfindel, expecting the flood that protected Rivendell to come down and smite the riders, revealed his power to the Riders, and drove them (willingly or not) into the River, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.

After this adventure, he helped bear Frodo to Rivendell, where the wounded Ringbearer was tended to. Glorfindel attended the [[Council of Elrond]], playing an active role in the conversation, speaking prophetically of [[Tom Bombadil]] and other matters with authority. Glorfindel stood beside Elrond and Gandalf as the backbone of the Council, laying out clearly their options. At first Glorfindel suggested that the Ring would be safe in the depths of the Sea, but the far-sighted Gandalf noted the change of landscapes, and the unforeseen possibilities that could bring the Ring forth once more in a hundred or even a thousand years in the future. In a hasty note Tolkien suggested that Glorfindel could tell of his ancestry in Gondolin, but this idea was disbanded. He was briefly considered as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], but as his friend Gandalf said, Glorfindel's power would be of little use against the might of [[Mordor]], on a mission of secrecy.

During the [[War of the Ring]] nothing is said of Glorfindel. Doubtless he played as strong a role as he had in previous campaigns. It is possible that he went to [[Lothlórien]] and fought actively in the [[Rhovanion Campaign (WotR)|war of Rhovanion]], perhaps even aiding Celeborn in the [[Fall of Dol Guldur]]. Whatever his role, his next mention in the texts is the [[Wedding of Elessar]], to which he came from the north with Galadriel and Elrond. After that no more is said of him. Like Olórin, his task in Middle-earth was done, and the age of the [[Elves]] was over. He probably passed West, perhaps with the bearers of the [[Three Rings]] and [[the One Ring]]. Or he may have remained for a time in Middle-earth to oversee the cleanup after the war. It may even be speculated that he waited for the Blue Wizards, who were active in the east against Sauron, and departed with them even as he came.

==Attributes==

Glorfindel was an elf of great beauty, power, wisdom, and moral courage. He was clearly loved by the people of [[Gondolin]], who mourned his passing greatly. He acted most courageously during the Fall, his House being among those that suffered the greatest losses, and eventually giving his own life for the safety of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], accomplishing the designs of the Valar, though it was said that he "''would have defended them even had they been fugitives of any rank''". He was repentant of the rebellion of the Noldor, and took no part in the Kinslaying. His acts in the Third Age also show great presence and authority, as does the very fact that he was sent as an emissary of the Valar.
==Etymology==
''Glorfindel'' is the [[Sindarin]] calque of '''[[Laurefindil]]'''<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}, page 17.</ref> ([[Quenya|Q]]: "golden head of hair", pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈfindil]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈɸindil]}}), which is made up of two components; ''[[laure]]'' means "golden color" and ''findil'' or ''findilë'' means "head of hair". The name is in reference to Glorfindel's golden hair, hinting to a possible [[Vanyar]]in heritage. As a prince of the [[Noldor]], it is highly probable that Glorfindel is descended from any one of the children born to [[Finwë]] by the Vanya [[Indis]]. [[Finarfin]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]] and [[Idril]] were also Noldorin descendants of Vanyarin intermarriage who inherited the same trademark golden hair to varying degrees.
==Controversy==

Some have questioned whether Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same. While writing the ''Lord of the Rings'' Tolkien simply borrowed a name from his earlier [[legendarium]], something he was known to do. ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', published posthumously, cast some light on this issue. Among the ''[[Last Writings]]'' published in that volume, there are two long essays, ''Glorfindel I'' and ''Glorfindel II''. These were written later in life by Tolkien, and directly addressed whether the two Glorfindels were the same person. Both essays clearly indicated that they were the same person, and included a detailed discussion of 're-embodiment' in Tolkien's mythology.

{{quote|. . . At any rate what at first sight may seem the simplest solution must be abandoned: sc. that we have merely a reduplication of names, and that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were different persons. This repetition of so striking a name, though possible, would not be credible… Also it may be found that acceptance of the identity of Glorfindel of old and of the Third Age will actually explain what is said of him and improve the story. . .|''[[Last Writings]]'', Glorfindel II}}

{{quote|. . . After his purging of any guilt that he had incurred in the rebellion, he was released from Mandos, and Manwë restored him… We may then best suppose that Glorfindel returned during the Second Age, before the ‘shadow’ fell on [[Númenor]]. . .|Ibid.}}

As Tolkien's legendarium was an evolving work that he constantly updated and revised, there will always be some question of "final intent". Some may note that the above-quoted essays were private and not ever published, and thus should not be taken as decisive. Nevertheless the editors of the Tolkien Gateway believe that these essays, combined with Tolkien's published novels, clearly establish that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same person.

==Earlier Versions of the Legendarium==

Glorfindel was originally planned to be part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], in a way taking the place of [[Legolas]]. Tolkien proposed three dates as to his return to Middle-earth: {{TA|1000}}, with [[Gandalf]], {{SA|1200}} and the years following, or {{SA|1600}}. He dropped the first one after some thought, and though he declared the second possible, he favored the last as the most probable.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
<gallery align="center">
File:Glorfindel viv lotr.JPG|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:BFME2 - Glorfindel.jpg|[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth II]].
File:Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

Glorfindel is rarely portrayed like in the book. His role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is too small to be introduced and forgotten - he basically does little else beyond providing fast transport to Rivendell. In the more popular works, his role has been filled by another Elf.

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:In this adaptation, the role of Glorfindel was taken by [[Legolas]]. In a simplification of that character, and as a reason for ''his'' coming, he is portrayed as an Elf of Rivendell rather than [[Mirkwood]].

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Glorfindel appears in his original role at the Last Bridge, voiced by [[John Webb]]. Because the part of [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] was cut, the heavily wounded Frodo says the [[Quenya]] greeting ''Elen síla lúmenn' omientielvo'' to him, and Glorfindel replies with Gildor's answer. Glorfindel keeps his two [[Sindarin]] lines, ''A na vedui, Dúnadan!'' and ''Noro lim, noro lim, Asfatloth!'', though he says them with a heavy English accent. His name is pronounced correctly in the adaptation, but in the credits, his name is pronounced "Glorfindle".

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:To limit the already large number of one-appearance characters, Glorfindel has been omitted in this adaptation as well. [[Peter Jackson]] decided, to have [[Arwen]] meet the travelers and then ride on [[Asfaloth]].

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Glorfindel appears on the Last Bridge. He has several Sindarin lines: ''A na vedui, Dúnadan'', like in the book, and ''Mae govannen, mellon'' (which Frodo accurately translates as "Well met, friend"). He comes to the aid of the hobbits at the request of Elrond, who had received news from [[Gildor|a group of Elves travelling near the Shire]] - even though there is no mention of that group earlier in the gameplay. Glorfindel does so in a monotonous voice, and his speech continues without pause. He also uses the lines ''Noro lim, Asfaloth'', though he does not say them to his horse: he says them to Frodo. No actor is specified for this part.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:[[Decipher]] made two [[Decipher Card|card]] featuring extra [[Jarl Benzon]] as Glorfindel, one of them being at the Coronation of Elessar.

'''2006: ''[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Glorfindel played an important part in this video game, set during the [[War of the Ring]]. Together with [[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], Glorfindel fights in several places in northern [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion (Region)|Rhovanion]]. He is voiced by [[Jason Carter]], and portrayed as white haired. His design was changed to a more movie-accurate version in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. He serves as narrator throughout, and appears in the story itself after the death of [[Arvedui]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Glorfindel can be found in Rivendell just south of the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]]. He has long blonde hair and wears a white robe with purple belt. He is involved in some of the book quests for ''Shadows of Angmar''. The player also talks to him after defeating the balrog Thaurlach.

==Collectibles==
[[Gentle Giant]] produced a ''Glorfindel Mini Bust'' for [[Comic-Con 2007]], based on Glorfindel's appearance in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|EA's ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'']].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Glorfindel|Images of Glorfindel]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
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[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/glorfindel]]
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