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Vidumavi

2025-02-01T06:26:42Z

Pachyderminator: Restoring the external link after posting on the talk page and receiving no response. If anyone objects, the matter can be discussed there.

{{infobox character
| people=[[Northmen|Northman]]
| name=Vidumavi
| image=Matěj Čadil - Valacar of Gondor.jpg
| caption="Valacar of Gondor" by [[:Category:Images by Matěj Čadil|Matěj Čadil]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Galadwen'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Rhovanion]] [[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=before {{TA|1255}}<ref group=note>The year of birth of Vidumavi is not known. Based on the year of birth of her son Eldacar in {{TA|1255}}, Vidumavi must have been born before {{TA|1255}} and must have been at an age where she was able to conceive children that year.</ref><ref name=Elendil>{{PM|Elendil}}, manuscript C with corrections and expansions, The Southern Line of Gondor: the Anarioni, 21(a). Eldakar. born 1255</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|1332}} (aged 77+)<ref group=note>According to typescript D of the Heirs of Elendil "she lived to a great age, as such was reckoned among her people". In one copy of the typescript the year of her death was {{TA|1332}} and in another copy {{TA|1344}}. Based on the year of birth of her son Eldacar in {{TA|1255}}, Vidumavi died either 77 or 89 years after that. Considering the known age of death of other women of the Edain or the Rohirrim, and the possible earliest age when she could be fertile, this article chooses the earlier year as more realistic, as the other would make her more than 100 years old.</ref>
| deathlocation=[[Gondor]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Vidugavia]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Valacar]]
| children=[[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], at least one other child<ref>{{PM|Ai}}, typescript D of The Heirs of Elendil written in 1965 "Valakar returned to Gondor with his wife and children" and "which she imparted to her children", pp. 259.</ref>
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Vidumavi''', also known as '''Galadwen''',<ref name=PMA>{{PM|Ai}}, typescript D of The Heirs of Elendil, pp. 259</ref> was the daughter of [[Vidugavia]], the [[King of Rhovanion]].<ref name=Gondor>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for king Minalcar who took the name Rómendacil (II), p. 1046</ref>

== History ==
In {{TA|1248}} Vidugavia, who was the most powerful of the Northern princes and called himself King of Rhovanion, helped [[Minalcar]], the prince and [[Regent of Gondor]] in a war against the [[Easterlings]].<ref name=Gondor/>

Two years later, in {{TA|1250}}, Minalcar sent his son, prince [[Valacar]], to live for a while with Vidugavia as an ambassador to learn the language, manners and policies of the [[Northmen]]. Valacar loved the Northern lands and people and married Vidumavi, the daugther of Vidugavia, during his stay in Rhovanion.<ref name=Gondor/> In {{TA|1255}}<ref name=Elendil/> Vidumavi gave birth to a son, who was named ''Vinitharya'' in the language of his mother.<ref name=Gondor/>

In {{TA|1260}} Minalcar recalled Valacar back to Gondor to take part in the councils of the realm and the command of its armies. Vidumavi was brought by her husband to Gondor with her children and a household of noble men and women from Rhovanion. They were welcomed in Gondor and Vinitharya was given the name [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] for public use in [[Gondor]] and Vidumavi agreed to be called Galadwen, a translation of her name into [[Sindarin]].<ref name=PMA/>

Vidumavi learned the language and manners of Gondor well. Vidumavi was fair, noble and of high courage, which she passed on to her children.<ref name=PMA/> Although Vidumavi was short-lived compared to the longer lifespan of the [[Dúnedain]],<ref name=Gondor/> she died in {{TA|1332}} at a great age compared to the lifespan of her own people<ref name=PMA/> before Valacar became king.<ref>{{App|South}}, ''Kings of Gondor'', Rómendacil II died 1366, p. 1038</ref>

== Etymology ==
[[Christopher Tolkien]] suggests that ''Vidumavi'' is a Latinized spelling of the [[Gothic]] name ''Widumawi'', which means "wood-maiden".<ref>{{UT|8e}}, Note 6, p. 311</ref> [[Arden R. Smith]] proposes that the name is a combination of the Gothic elements ''*widus'' ("wood", "forest") and ''mawi'' ("maiden").<ref>[[Arden R. Smith]], Tolkienian Gothic, in [[Wayne G. Hammond]] & [[Christina Scull]], [[The Lord of the Rings 1954-2004]]: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder, pp. 268-269</ref>

''Galadwen'' is a [[Sindarin]] name with the same meaning.<ref name=PMA/> Paul Strack suggests that it is a compound of ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree") and the suffixal form of ''[[-wen|gwend]]'' ("maiden").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-336882159.html|articlename=S. ''Galadwen'' f.|dated=|website=eldamo.org|accessed=22 February 2022}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | VID | | ROM |VID=[[Vidugavia]] ''unknown''|ROM=[[Rómendacil II]] ''{{TA|1126|n}} - {{TA|1366|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | VID |y| VAL |VID='''VIDUMAVI''' ''d. {{TA|1332|n}}''|VAL=[[Valacar]] ''{{TA|1194|n}} - {{TA|1432|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | ELD | | |ELD=[[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] ''{{TA|1255|n}} - {{TA|1490|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | ORN | | ALD |ORN=[[Ornendil]] ''d. {{TA|1437|n}}''†|ALD=[[Aldamir]] ''{{TA|1330|n}} - {{TA|1540|n}}''†}}
{{familytree/end}}

==External links==
* [https://www.silmarillionwritersguild.org/node/8042 Vidumavi of the Northmen (Silmarillion Writers' Guild]

{{references|n}}
[[Category:Gothic names]]
[[Category:Northmen]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Vidumavi]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes du nord/vidumavi]]
[[fi:Vidumavi]]

Talk:Vidumavi

2025-01-31T04:05:19Z

Pachyderminator: /* External link */ new section

Eldacar is born in {{TA|1255}} and his mother Vidumavi died in {{TA|1344}}...which would make her well over 100 years at the time of her death...not that it is impossible of course, but not very likely...and she wasn't one of the Dúnedain...???

== External link ==

I think [https://www.silmarillionwritersguild.org/node/8042 this article] is worthy of inclusion as an external link. I think it's fairly substantial and contains a great deal of contextualizing information which is out of scope for the TG article, but could be useful to many readers. --[[User:Pachyderminator|Pachyderminator]] 04:05, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

Vidumavi

2025-01-29T16:18:57Z

Pachyderminator: restored one of the two deleted external links

Poisoned weapons

2025-01-29T16:11:03Z

Pachyderminator: restored external link; a link to one informative fansite is explicitly allowed in TG:MOS, and it shouldn't have been removed without discussion

'''Poisoned weapons''' were used by different races throughout the history of [[Middle-earth]].

==Orcs==
[[Orcs]] frequently used poisoned blades<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=LR 2.06.026}} p. 335</ref> and arrows. [[Huor]] of [[Dor-lómin|Dor Lomin]] was slain by a poisoned Orc-arrow that hit him in the eye.<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=S QS.20.026}}</ref> [[Andróg]] was wounded by poisoned Orc-arrow, but healed by [[Beleg]].<ref>{{CH|8}}</ref> Later [[Isildur]] was killed by several poisoned Orc-arrows that pierced his throat and his heart.<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> [[Celebrían|Celebrian]], wife of [[Elrond]], received a poisoned wound from the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] and, although Elrond healed her body, she lost all joy in Middle-earth and departed over the sea.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}, entry about Chieftain Arahad I, p. 1043</ref>

==Elves==
It is said that [[Eldar]] never used any poison against their enemies.<ref>{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref> However, there are some examples of [[Elves]] who used poisoned weapons. [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf had a poisoned javelin, which he threw at [[Maeglin]], but hit [[Aredhel]], who died from that wound shortly after.<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=S QS.16.035}}</ref> [[Elves of Nargothrond]] also used poisoned darts to protect their kingdom after the departure of [[Finrod]] and before the coming of [[Túrin]].<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=S QS.19.039}}</ref>

==Dwarves==
The chieftain of the [[Petty-dwarves]],<ref name="foundnargo">{{NM|P3vii}}, p. 305</ref> [[Mîm]], possessed a secret "long knife" that had "runes of venom" on it.<ref>{{CP|185}}</ref>

==Men==
[[Drúedain]] were famous for their use of poisoned arrows<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=LR 5.05.009}} p. 831</ref> and darts,<ref>{{UT|12b}}</ref> although they used poisoned weapons only when fighting against the Orcs<ref>{{UT|12c}}, Note 9</ref>.

==External links==
* [https://imgur.com/gallery/poisoned-weapons-middle-earth-g96USQ4 Poisoned weapons in Middle-earth] by Ngugi

{{References}}

[[Category:Weapons]]

A Elbereth Gilthoniel

2024-12-29T20:30:09Z

Pachyderminator: updated dead link

{{font|[https://online-fonts.com/fonts/tengwar-parmaite Tengwar Parmaite] by [[Måns Björkman]]}}
{{disambig-more|Elbereth|[[Elbereth (disambiguation)]]}}
'''A Elbereth Gilthoniel''' or '''Aerlinn in edhil o Imladris''' is an ''[[aerlinn]]'' (poem) of [[Rivendell]] addressed to [[Varda]], sung in [[Sindarin]] and in iambic tetrameter. The first stanza (the only one known) rhymes ''aababcc''.

==Poem==
{|
| ] ljwl7l3 s`j3h6`lj
| ''A Elbereth Gilthoniel
|-
| 8`j`r7l6 ql5] y`V7`lj
| ''silivren penna míriel
|-
| h yl6lj ]sj]7 ljl6]3Á
| ''o menel aglar elenath!
|-
| 6]d]Ý7l2 q]j]62`V7`lj
| ''Na-chaered palan-díriel
|-
| h s]j]47lt`6 l5h7]3=
| ''o galadhremmin ennorath,
|-
| e]6.Õjh8= jl j`5]3h6
| ''Fanuilos, le linnathon
|-
| 6lr ]Ý]7= 8`V 6lr ]Ý]7h6Á
| ''nef aear, sí nef aearon!
|}

===Translation===
:''O Elbereth Starkindler (white) glittering slants down sparkling like jewels from [the] firmament [the] glory [of] the star-host! To-remote distance far-having gazed from [the] tree-tangled middle-lands, [[Fanuilos]], to thee I will chant on this side of ocean, here on this side of the Great Ocean!''<ref>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref>

The rest of it is not saved but it is possible that ''[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth|Oh Snow-white]]'' is a [[Westron]] translation or variation of this aerlinn. Variations of this hymn are sung throughout the book, such as the very last one written down:

{{blockquote|...and as if in answer, from down below, coming up the road out of the valley, voices sang:

:A! Elbereth Gilthoniel! silivren penna míriel o menel aglar elenath, Gilthoniel, A! Elbereth! We still remember, we who dwell In this far land beneath the trees The starlight on the Western Seas.|[[Frodo Baggins]] in ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Grey Havens]]"}}

==Legacy==
[[Donald Swann]] wrote music for this song, which can be found in the book ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'' where Tolkien gives also a [[Tengwar]] text of the poem in the [[Mode of Beleriand]] given above;<ref>{{RGEO|7}}</ref> it is also found on the accompanying CD of the latest version.

A different musical version was recorded by the [[Tolkien Ensemble]]. The first version cited above can be found on their album ''[[A Night in Rivendell]]'', and takes the form of a chant sung by a female soloist. The second version can be found on the album ''[[At Dawn in Rivendell]]''.

Another musical version was composed by the Russian Tolkienite band [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79i12JMzzT4 Aire and Saruman].

[[Tolkien Journal (Vol.2, No.1)|''Tolkien Journal'' (Vol.2, No.1)]] 1966, included the poem and an English translation by Tolkien.<ref>''An Illustrated Tolkien Bibliography'', at Tolkienbooks.net</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Poems in The Fellowship of the Ring]]
[[Category:Sindarin texts]]
[[Category:Songs]]
[[de:A Elbereth Gilthoniel]]
[[fr:langues/langues elfiques/sindarin/elbereth gilthoniel]]
[[fi:A Elbereth Gilthoniel]]

Spiders

2024-12-28T06:05:03Z

Pachyderminator: /* Inspiration */

{{rewrite}}
{{race infobox
| name=Spiders
| image = John Howe - Spiders of Mirkwood.jpg
| caption="Spiders of Mirkwood" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Avathar]], [[Ered Gorgoroth]], [[Nan Dungortheb]], [[Torech Ungol]], [[Ephel Dúath]], [[Eastern hills]], [[Dol Guldur]], and [[Mirkwood]]
| affiliation=[[Ungoliant]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Westron]]
| people="''Lesser broods''" and "''spiders of Nan Dungortheb''"
| members="''Miserable mates''" and [[Shelob]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=Black or grey
| clothing=
| weapons=
| gallery=spiders
}}

The '''Spiders''' were eight-legged creatures that captured their prey in intricate webs. Many spiders of [[Middle-earth]] reached a colossal size.

==History==
There was a sinister side to the spiders of Middle-earth that entered it with the monstrous [[Ungoliant]] in the years before the [[First Age]]. A gigantic creature of spider-shape, it was she who destroyed the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]] of [[Valinor]] by sucking the light out of them, and escaped with [[Morgoth|Melkor]] into the lands of Middle-earth. There other great spiders already dwelt. Though Ungoliant disappeared into the far south, she left the northern lands infested with her offspring. During the First Age, the mountains of the [[Ered Gorgoroth]] were infested with these monsters, and became a place of dread.

[[Beren]] fought some of the spiders of [[Nan Dungortheb]], possibly [[Shelob]] herself, when he passed through to enter [[Doriath]].<ref>{{TT|Lair}}, p. 723</ref>

The most infamous of Ungoliant's children lived far to the south and east of the Ered Gorgoroth, on the borders of the land of [[Mordor]]. This was [[Shelob]], who haunted a network of tunnels watching the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]], making a living on hapless [[Orcs]] and anyone else who happened to come down the passage. She had offspring of her own, smaller than she but with a cruel intelligence, that spread throughout the [[Ephel Dúath]] and the [[Eastern hills]], spreading as far north as [[Dol Guldur]] and [[Mirkwood]]. The [[Sauron|return of the Necromancer]] seemed to have emboldened the spiders' hungry tendencies. It was creatures like these that [[Bilbo Baggins]] encountered in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and after fighting them he gave his sword its name [[Sting]].

Tolkien says of Shelob, "Most '''like''' a spider she was," [emphasis added], and the offspring of Ungoliant differed from normal spiders in respects beyond their enormous size. Bilbo sees the Mirkwood spiders' eyes as "Insect eyes,"<ref>{{H|8}}</ref> and Shelob's eyes are "clustered" and "many-windowed", with "a thousand facets", like insects' compound eyes.<ref name="TT|IV9">{{TT|IV9}}</ref> However, normal spiders do not have compound eyes. Tolkien may not have been over-concerned with the difference between spiders and insects, as in the same chapter of ''The Hobbit'' he refers to spiders as "hunting and spinning insects". Another difference is that when spiders grow, they moult their skins, but Shelob's hide was "ever thickened from within with layer on layer of evil growth."<ref name=Rateliff>John Rateliff. 2007. ''The History of the Hobbit: Mr. Baggins'', volume 1. Harper-Collins, p. 322</ref>

Shelob is consistently described as "stinging" and having a "sting".<ref name="TT|IV9"/><ref>{{TT|IV10}}</ref><ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> That has been taken to mean a sting like that of some insects, which normal spiders do not have.<ref name=Rateliff/> However, in the quotation from "Letter 163" in the "Inspiration" section below, Tolkien may have used the verb "sting" in the rare sense of a spider's bite; in *The Lord of the Rings*, however, Shelob is quite clearly depicted as stinging Frodo.

==Other names==
In [[Sindarin]], the word for "spider" is '''''ungol'''''.<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, p. 490</ref> It is found in such names as [[Shelob's Lair|Torech Ungol]], [[Ungoliant#Etymology|Ungoliant]], and [[Cirith Ungol]].

In [[Gnomish]], one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early conceptions of an [[Elvish|Elven]] language, the word for "spider" is ''cing'' or ''cingwin'' (a struck-out word was ''gung''). A deleted [[Qenya]] word for "spider" was ''ung-we''.<ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 26, 43</ref>

In a [[Old fat spider spinning in a tree!|song]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] taunted the spiders of [[Mirkwood]] with the name "Attercop" which the spiders found insulting.<ref>{{cite DTP|H 08.096}}</ref> "Attercop" is an obsolete English word for spider, and can figuratively mean a malignant, ill-natured person.

==Inspiration==
Tolkien made inconsistent comments on his feelings about spiders. In a letter to [[W. H. Auden]] (quoted more completely below), he wrote, "I do not dislike spiders particularly, and have no urge to kill them. I usually rescue those whom I find in the bath!"

However, in an interview with [[Jan Broberg]] in 1961, Tolkien said, as translated by John-Henri Holmberg, "I don't like spiders. It's not a pathological fear, but I rather won't have anything to do with them."<ref>Quoted by {{webcite|author=[[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]]|articlename=Addenda and Corrigenda to ''The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide'' (2006), Vol. 2: Reader's Guide: Arranged by Date|dated=Dec. 23, 2010|articleurl=https://www.hammondandscull.com/addenda/guide_by_date.html|website=hammondandscull.com}}. The Swedish version is "Jag tycker inte om spindlar. Det är ingen patologisk skräck, men jag vill helst inte ha med dem in att göra." "I would rather not" might be closer to what Tolkien said in English.</ref>

Likewise the writer Richard Lupoff asked Tolkien whether the giant spiders in Edgar Rice Burroughs' Barsoom books had inspired Shelob, and Tolkien replied in a [[Letter to Richard Lupoff|letter]]:

{{quote|Source hunting is a great entertainment but I myself do not find it particularly useful. I did read many of Edgar Rice Burroughs' earlier works, but I developed a dislike for his Tarzan even greater than '''my distaste for spiders'''. Spiders I had met long before Burroughs began to write, and I do not think he is in any way responsible for Shelob. At any rate I retain no memory of the Siths or the Apt.|[[Edgar Rice Burroughs: Master of Adventure]]}}

Tolkien was bitten by a spider (often said to be a tarantula, but tarantulas do not exist in that part of South Africa, according to John Rateliff) when he was a small boy in South Africa. Many writers have suggested that the incident underlies the horrifying and deadly giant spiders in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=Horne>Mark Horne. 2011. ''J. R. R. Tolkien''. Thomas Nelson Publishers, p. 2</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Emily Asher-Perrin
|articleurl=https://www.tor.com/2016/11/04/we-can-probably-blame-the-tarantula-that-bit-j-r-r-tolkien-for-most-giant-spiders-in-fantasy|articlename=We Can Probably Blame the Tarantula that Bit J. R. R. Tolkien for Most of the Spiders in Fantasy|dated=Nov. 4, 2016|website=Tor.com|accessed=March 22, 2016}}</ref>
Tolkien saw no reason to accept that explanation, and he specifically said that his purpose in putting spiders into ''The Hobbit'' was to scare his son Michael, who had a fear of them. But some commentators have avoided committing themselves to saying the analysis must be false,<ref name=Horne/><ref>Deborah Webster Rogers; Ivor I. Rogers. 1980. ''J. R. R. Tolkien''. "Tolkien had been bitten by a tarantula in South Africa, and Michael had a horror of spiders, as do many people; so the author could be drawing on either personal or public feeling in his portrayal of arachnids."</ref> as seen also in the quotation from Humphrey Carpenter's biography below, and Tolkien did not commit himself either.

{{quote|...when Ronald [Tolkien] was beginning to walk, he stumbled on a tarantula. It bit him, and he ran in terror across the garden until the nurse snatched him up and sucked out the poison. When he grew up he could remember a hot day and running in fear through long, dead grass, '''but the memory of the tarantula itself faded, and he said that the incident left him with no especial dislike of spiders.''' Nevertheless, he wrote more than once of monstrous spiders with venomous bites.|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]''}}

{{quote|I knew that the way [for Frodo, Sam, and Gollum] was guarded by a Spider. And if that has anything to do with my being stung by a tarantula when a small child, people are welcome to the notion (supposing the improbable, that any one is interested). I can only say that I remember nothing about it, should not know it if I had not been told; and '''I do not dislike spiders particularly, and have no urge to kill them.''' I usually rescue those whom I find in the bath!|{{L|163}}}}

Regarding the spiders in ''[[The Hobbit]]'':

{{quote|I put in the spiders largely because this was, you remember, primarily written for my children (at least I had them in mind), and one of my sons [Michael] in particular dislikes spiders with a great intensity. I did it to thoroughly frighten him and it did!|From an interview of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] on January 15, 1957 by Ruth Harshaw for the "Carnival of Books" radio show. (According to ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'')}}

{{quote|Throughout his life, Tolkien’s son Michael had what he called “a deep-rooted abhorrence of spiders.”|''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]''}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1980: [[Der Hobbit (1980 German radio series)|''Der Hobbit'' (1980 German radio series)]]:'''
:The spiders of Mirkwood are played by Uta Hallant and Lieselotte Rau.

'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit (1982 text adventure game)'']]'''
:In the text adventure game, spiders don't make any explicit appearance, although you will see "Pale Bulbous Eyes" as you and your party travel along the [[Old Forest Road]]. If you stay on the road for too long, something will leap down from the trees and kill you.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:''See [[Shelob#Portrayal in adaptations|Shelob: Portrayal in adaptations]]''

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Non-player (NPC, computer controlled) spiders are found in a number of areas of Middle-earth. Players can play a spider in the Player-versus-Player (PvP) area of the [[Ettenmoors]] once the player reaches level ten. Spiders in ''The Lord of the Rings Online'' have the ability to root and spit poison from a distance.

:The appearance of spiders vary from zone to zone for NPC spiders and from rank to rank for player controlled spiders. They all look like very large spiders from the size of a cat up to the size of a large elephant.

'''2012-4: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]]:'''
:The spiders of Mirkwood are portrayed in the first two films, ''An Unexpected Journey'' and ''The Desolation of Smaug''. In the former, they attack [[Radagast]]'s dwelling in [[Rhosgobel]], but are driven away by him. Radagast discovers that they came from the ruins of [[Dol Guldur]] (implying that they are drawn to the power of [[Sauron|the Necromancer]] lurking there), and deduces that they are descendants of [[Ungoliant]]. In the latter film, their role is faithful to their portrayal in the novel. As in the book, they are capable of speech (although Bilbo is only capable of understanding them while wearing the [[One Ring|Ring]]). When one of the spiders screams about how Bilbo's Elvish blade "stings" it, it is then that Bilbo decides to give his weapon a name.

'''2017: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]'':'''
:''See [[Shelob#Portrayal in adaptations|Shelob: Portrayal in adaptations]]''

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of spiders|Images of spiders]]

{{references}}

[[Category:Animals]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Spiders| ]]

[[de:Spinnen]]
[[fi:Hämähäkit]]

Elladan and Elrohir

2024-12-27T17:09:34Z

Pachyderminator: "in their dens" isn't speculative; it's in the chapter "Many Meetings"

{{infobox character
| name=Elladan and Elrohir
| people=[[Half-elven|Half-elf]]
| image=Peter Xavier Price - The Rescue of Celebrían.jpg
| caption="The Rescue of Celebrían" by [[Peter Xavier Price]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=[[Grey Company]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]<ref name="Languages">{{App|Elves}}</ref> [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|130}}<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 130, p. 1085</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| heritage=
| parentage=[[Elrond]] and [[Celebrían]]
| siblings=[[Arwen]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Dark<ref name="Passing">{{RK|Company}}</ref>
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Passing"/>
| clothing=Bright mail, silver-grey cloak<ref name="Passing"/>
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{Quote|‘And have you marked the brethren Elladan and Elrohir? Less sombre is their gear than the others’, and they are fair and gallant as Elven-lords; and that is not to be wondered at in the sons of Elrond of Rivendell.’|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Passing of the Grey Company]]"}}</center>

'''Elladan''' and '''Elrohir''' were the [[Twins|twin]] sons, and eldest children, of [[Elrond]] and [[Celebrían]].

They were descended from the royal Houses of the [[Eldar]] through both their father and mother, but also from the noble Houses of the [[Edain]] through their father.

==Description==
The brothers were tall, dark-haired and grey-eyed, and so much alike that only those that knew them well could tell them apart. To [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]], their fair elven faces seemed neither old nor young. While in the [[Grey Company]], they wore cloaks of silver-grey over bright mail.<ref name="Passing" />

==History==
In the year {{TA|2509}} the twins' mother Celebrían went on a journey into the south to visit her own mother, [[Galadriel]], in the land of [[Lothlórien|Lórien]]. In the [[Redhorn Pass]], she was captured by the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]], and tortured in their dens.<ref>{{Cite DTP|LR 2.01.086}}</ref> The twins rode to rescue her, but by the time they reached her, she had received a poisonous wound. Though their father healed her, she would not remain in [[Middle-earth]], and sailed into the [[Aman|West]] the following year.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}, entry for Chieftain Arahad I, p. 1043</ref> After this loss, Elladan and Elrohir were filled with hatred of the [[orcs]], often riding against them with the [[Northern Dúnedain]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref>

In {{TA|2933|n}},<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2933, p. 1089</ref> they saw [[Arathorn II]] killed by orcs while hunting with him.<ref>{{App|Tale}}, p. 1057</ref>

===War of the Ring===
{{expansion}}
In the early part of the [[War of the Ring]], the brothers' main role was to scout the land and prepare the way for the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]]. Around [[November]] of {{TA|3018}}, they were sent by Elrond on a secret errand. They passed down the [[Silverlode]] into a "[[Lothlórien|strange country]]" and were the last to return to [[Rivendell]] in [[December]].<ref>{{FR|II3}}</ref>

Later, they took a more active part. When [[Halbarad]] rode to [[Aragorn]]'s aid with the [[Grey Company]], Elladan and Elrohir accompanied them and Elrohir gave counsel from [[Elrond|his father]] to Aragorn to "remember the [[Paths of the Dead]]"<ref name="Passing" />. They followed Aragorn through the [[Paths of the Dead]], fought with him at [[Pelargir]], and took part in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], where they fought with stars bound to their brows. Both were present at a council of Aragorn and his captains, and then accompanied the force that fought in the [[Battle of the Morannon]].

After the celebrations and the coronation of Aragorn, the brothers departed [[Minas Tirith]] on [[8 May]]. On [[14 June]] they met with the escort of their [[Arwen|sister]] on her way to [[Gondor]] to marry Aragorn, and together they went to [[Edoras]]. They stayed there for [[16 June|two days]] before setting out for Gondor. They arrived to the City on [[1 Lithe]]<ref>{{app|Chief}}</ref> and the brothers held a silver banner.<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref>

===Later fate===
After the War, little is known of the brothers' fate. They returned to their father's house at Rivendell and remained there even after their father had passed across the [[Belegaer|Sea]].<ref name="Rec">{{FR|Records}}</ref> Like their sister [[Arwen]], the sons of Elrond [[Half-elven]] were granted the choice of whether to leave [[Middle-earth]] for the [[Undying Lands]], or remain there and become [[Gift of Men|mortal]] as [[Men]]. They chose, for a time at least, to stay in Middle-earth for reasons unknown.<ref>{{L|153}}</ref> However, due to the fact that shortly before Aragorn died in {{FoA|120}}, he said to Arwen that 'none now walk' in the garden of Elrond, indicating that the last of the [[Eldar]] had departed to [[Valinor]],<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref> and that [[Celeborn]] dwelt in Rivendell for a while before he eventually departed over the Sea,<ref name="Rec" /> it seems likely that both twins had left Rivendell before or at the time of their grandfather's last trip for the Undying Lands.

==Etymology==
===Elladan===
''Elladan'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Elf-man", from ''[[el]]'' ("elf") + ''[[adan]]'' ("man"). It could also be translated as "Elf-Númenórean", as ''adan'' refers to the [[Edain]], who later became [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="twins">{{L|211}}, pp. 281-2</ref>

===Elrohir===
''Elrohir'' is Sindarin for "Elf-man" or "Elf-knight", from ''el'' ("elf") + ''[[rohir]]'' ("horse-lord").<ref name="twins" />

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| FIN |y| EAW | | GLN | | TUO |y| IDR | | DIO |y| NIM | |FIN=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]] ''b. {{YT}}''|GLN=[[Galadhon]] ''b. {{FA}}''|TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472}}''|IDR=[[Idril]] ''b. {{YT}}''|DIO=[[Dior]] ''{{FA|470}} - {{FA|506|n}}''|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | GAL |~|y|~| CEL | | | | EAR |~|~|y|~|~| ELW | | | |GAL=[[Galadriel]] ''b. {{YT|1362}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]] ''b. {{FA}}''|EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''|ELW=[[Elwing]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | CLB |~|~|~|y|~|~|~| ELR | | | ELS | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrían]] ''b. {{SA|300}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''|ELS=[[Elros]] ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |:| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |~|y|~| ARA | | | | | | |ELL='''ELLADAN''' ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO='''ELROHIR''' ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''|ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] ''{{TA|2931}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EDN | | DAU | | | | | | | |EDN=[[Eldarion]] ''b. {{FoA|1}}''|DAU=''unknown daughters''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Elladan and Elrohir in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200" heights="150">
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Elladan.jpg|Elladan in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Elladan.jpg|Elladan in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Elrohir.jpg|Elrohir in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Elrohir.jpg|Elrohir in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Elladan and Elrohir Born of Hope.jpeg|Elladan and Elrohir in [[Born of Hope|''Born of Hope'']]
</gallery>
'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:Elladan and Elrohir follow [[Halbarad]] and come to [[Aragorn]]'s aid. No actor is credited.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Elladan and Elrohir are not mentioned by name. However, two dark-haired individuals of similar dress and appearance appear at the council in Aragorn's tent, just as Elladan and Elrohir do in the novel.

'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:Despite not featuring in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card depicting the two characters.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Elladan and Elrohir are first met by Elven and Dwarven characters in {{TA|3016}} in [[Ered Luin]] where they travel to unravel the mystery of their father's prophetic dream. In {{TA|3018}} all players meet them in their camp in the [[Trollshaws]] from which they lead the search for the missing Black Rider and defend the [[Ford of Bruinen]] against an attack. Early next year they join the [[Grey Company]] and travel with the [[Dunedain]] Rangers from the wilds of [[Eregion]] all the way to the [[Pelennor Fields]]. Afterwards they travel with the Host of the West to [[Black Gate]] and fight in the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. They later attend their sister Arwen's wedding in [[Minas Tirith]].
2009: '''''[[Born of Hope]]:'''''
:In the late [[Third Age]], Elladan and Elrohir come to visit [[Arathorn II|Arathorn]], Chieftain of the [[Dúnedain of Arnor|Dúnedain]], to warn him about orcs approaching the village. Their advice is to bring Arathorn's son, [[Aragorn]], to [[Rivendell]], together with Arathorn's wife, [[Gilraen]]. However, the decision is delayed and the orcs attack the village. Elladan and Elrohir help in the battle, but later Arathorn and his [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] follow the orcs in the wood and Arathorn is mortally wounded. Elladan and Elrohir bring back him to the village and later will accompany Gilraen and her son to Rivendell.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Elladan and Elrohir were sent by their father, [[Elrond]], to [[Fornost]], to scout for the darkness in that city. They meet with [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]], who were sent by [[Aragorn]] to stop [[Agandaûr]]'s army from attacking. As they have the same goal, they collaborate and fight a way to the Citadel of the city.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Inner wards''</ref> There, Elladan and his brother remove the [[Magic|magic spell]] of the Citadel gate, which protects Agandaûr against intruders.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref> Inside the citadel, Eradan, Andriel and Farin kill [[Tharzog]] - chieftain of the [[Orcs]] of [[Mount Gram]] - while Elladan and Elrohir confront Agandaûr. Agandaûr has the upper hand in the battle, but flees when Eradan, Andriel and Farin arrive. Elladan and Elrohir return to [[Rivendell]], where they inform their father about the events in Fornost.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Citadel tower''</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elladan and Elrohir}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Elladan]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/semi-elfes/elladan]]
[[fi:Elladan]]

Attercop

2024-12-27T05:13:47Z

Pachyderminator: Redirected page to Spiders

#REDIRECT [[Spiders]]

Spiders

2024-12-27T05:12:04Z

Pachyderminator: /* Other names */ added reference to "attercop" in The Hobbit

{{rewrite}}
{{race infobox
| name=Spiders
| image = John Howe - Spiders of Mirkwood.jpg
| caption="Spiders of Mirkwood" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Avathar]], [[Ered Gorgoroth]], [[Nan Dungortheb]], [[Torech Ungol]], [[Ephel Dúath]], [[Eastern hills]], [[Dol Guldur]], and [[Mirkwood]]
| affiliation=[[Ungoliant]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Westron]]
| people="''Lesser broods''" and "''spiders of Nan Dungortheb''"
| members="''Miserable mates''" and [[Shelob]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=Black or grey
| clothing=
| weapons=
| gallery=spiders
}}

The '''Spiders''' were eight-legged creatures that captured their prey in intricate webs. Many spiders of [[Middle-earth]] reached a colossal size.

==History==
There was a sinister side to the spiders of Middle-earth that entered it with the monstrous [[Ungoliant]] in the years before the [[First Age]]. A gigantic creature of spider-shape, it was she who destroyed the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]] of [[Valinor]] by sucking the light out of them, and escaped with [[Morgoth|Melkor]] into the lands of Middle-earth. There other great spiders already dwelt. Though Ungoliant disappeared into the far south, she left the northern lands infested with her offspring. During the First Age, the mountains of the [[Ered Gorgoroth]] were infested with these monsters, and became a place of dread.

[[Beren]] fought some of the spiders of [[Nan Dungortheb]], possibly [[Shelob]] herself, when he passed through to enter [[Doriath]].<ref>{{TT|Lair}}, p. 723</ref>

The most infamous of Ungoliant's children lived far to the south and east of the Ered Gorgoroth, on the borders of the land of [[Mordor]]. This was [[Shelob]], who haunted a network of tunnels watching the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]], making a living on hapless [[Orcs]] and anyone else who happened to come down the passage. She had offspring of her own, smaller than she but with a cruel intelligence, that spread throughout the [[Ephel Dúath]] and the [[Eastern hills]], spreading as far north as [[Dol Guldur]] and [[Mirkwood]]. The [[Sauron|return of the Necromancer]] seemed to have emboldened the spiders' hungry tendencies. It was creatures like these that [[Bilbo Baggins]] encountered in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and after fighting them he gave his sword its name [[Sting]].

Tolkien says of Shelob, "Most '''like''' a spider she was," [emphasis added], and the offspring of Ungoliant differed from normal spiders in respects beyond their enormous size. Bilbo sees the Mirkwood spiders' eyes as "Insect eyes,"<ref>{{H|8}}</ref> and Shelob's eyes are "clustered" and "many-windowed", with "a thousand facets", like insects' compound eyes.<ref name="TT|IV9">{{TT|IV9}}</ref> However, normal spiders do not have compound eyes. Tolkien may not have been over-concerned with the difference between spiders and insects, as in the same chapter of ''The Hobbit'' he refers to spiders as "hunting and spinning insects". Another difference is that when spiders grow, they moult their skins, but Shelob's hide was "ever thickened from within with layer on layer of evil growth."<ref name=Rateliff>John Rateliff. 2007. ''The History of the Hobbit: Mr. Baggins'', volume 1. Harper-Collins, p. 322</ref>

Shelob is consistently described as "stinging" and having a "sting".<ref name="TT|IV9"/><ref>{{TT|IV10}}</ref><ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> That has been taken to mean a sting like that of some insects, which normal spiders do not have.<ref name=Rateliff/> However, in the quotation from "Letter 163" in the "Inspiration" section below, Tolkien may have used the verb "sting" in the rare sense of a spider's bite; in *The Lord of the Rings*, however, Shelob is quite clearly depicted as stinging Frodo.

==Other names==
In [[Sindarin]], the word for "spider" is '''''ungol'''''.<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, p. 490</ref> It is found in such names as [[Shelob's Lair|Torech Ungol]], [[Ungoliant#Etymology|Ungoliant]], and [[Cirith Ungol]].

In [[Gnomish]], one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early conceptions of an [[Elvish|Elven]] language, the word for "spider" is ''cing'' or ''cingwin'' (a struck-out word was ''gung''). A deleted [[Qenya]] word for "spider" was ''ung-we''.<ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 26, 43</ref>

In the song [[Old fat spider spinning in a tree!]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] taunted the spiders of [[Mirkwood]] with the name "Attercop," which the spiders found insulting.<ref>{{cite DTP|H 08.096}}</ref> "Attercop" is an obsolete English word for spider, and can figuratively mean a malignant, ill-natured person.

==Inspiration==
Tolkien made inconsistent comments on his feelings about spiders. In a letter to [[W. H. Auden]] (quoted more completely below), he wrote, "I do not dislike spiders particularly, and have no urge to kill them. I usually rescue those whom I find in the bath!"

However, in an interview with [[Jan Broberg]] in 1961, Tolkien said, as translated by John-Henri Holmberg, "I don't like spiders. It's not a pathological fear, but I rather won't have anything to do with them.<ref>Quoted by {{webcite|author=[[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]]|articlename=Addenda and Corrigenda to ''The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide'' (2006), Vol. 2: Reader's Guide: Arranged by Date|dated=Dec. 23, 2010|articleurl=https://www.hammondandscull.com/addenda/guide_by_date.html|website=hammondandscull.com}}. The Swedish version is "Jag tycker inte om spindlar. Det är ingen patologisk skräck, men jag vill helst inte ha med dem in att göra." "I would rather not" might be closer to what Tolkien said in English.</ref>

Likewise the writer Richard Lupoff asked Tolkien whether the giant spiders in Edgar Rice Burroughs' Barsoom books had inspired Shelob, and Tolkien replied in a [[Letter to Richard Lupoff|letter]]:

{{quote|Source hunting is a great entertainment but I myself do not find it particularly useful. I did read many of Edgar Rice Burroughs' earlier works, but I developed a dislike for his Tarzan even greater than '''my distaste for spiders'''. Spiders I had met long before Burroughs began to write, and I do not think he is in any way responsible for Shelob. At any rate I retain no memory of the Siths or the Apt.|[[Edgar Rice Burroughs: Master of Adventure]]}}

Tolkien was bitten by a spider (often said to be a tarantula, but tarantulas do not exist in that part of South Africa, according to John Rateliff) when he was a small boy in South Africa. Many writers have suggested that the incident underlies the horrifying and deadly giant spiders in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name=Horne>Mark Horne. 2011. ''J. R. R. Tolkien''. Thomas Nelson Publishers, p. 2</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Emily Asher-Perrin
|articleurl=https://www.tor.com/2016/11/04/we-can-probably-blame-the-tarantula-that-bit-j-r-r-tolkien-for-most-giant-spiders-in-fantasy|articlename=We Can Probably Blame the Tarantula that Bit J. R. R. Tolkien for Most of the Spiders in Fantasy|dated=Nov. 4, 2016|website=Tor.com|accessed=March 22, 2016}}</ref>
Tolkien saw no reason to accept that explanation, and he specifically said that his purpose in putting spiders into ''The Hobbit'' was to scare his son Michael, who had a fear of them. But some commentators have avoided committing themselves to saying the analysis must be false,<ref name=Horne/><ref>Deborah Webster Rogers; Ivor I. Rogers. 1980. ''J. R. R. Tolkien''. "Tolkien had been bitten by a tarantula in South Africa, and Michael had a horror of spiders, as do many people; so the author could be drawing on either personal or public feeling in his portrayal of arachnids."</ref> as seen also in the quotation from Humphrey Carpenter's biography below, and Tolkien did not commit himself either.

{{quote|...when Ronald [Tolkien] was beginning to walk, he stumbled on a tarantula. It bit him, and he ran in terror across the garden until the nurse snatched him up and sucked out the poison. When he grew up he could remember a hot day and running in fear through long, dead grass, '''but the memory of the tarantula itself faded, and he said that the incident left him with no especial dislike of spiders.''' Nevertheless, he wrote more than once of monstrous spiders with venomous bites.|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]''}}

{{quote|I knew that the way [for Frodo, Sam, and Gollum] was guarded by a Spider. And if that has anything to do with my being stung by a tarantula when a small child, people are welcome to the notion (supposing the improbable, that any one is interested). I can only say that I remember nothing about it, should not know it if I had not been told; and '''I do not dislike spiders particularly, and have no urge to kill them.''' I usually rescue those whom I find in the bath!|{{L|163}}}}

Regarding the spiders in ''[[The Hobbit]]'':

{{quote|I put in the spiders largely because this was, you remember, primarily written for my children (at least I had them in mind), and one of my sons [Michael] in particular dislikes spiders with a great intensity. I did it to thoroughly frighten him and it did!|From an interview of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] on January 15, 1957 by Ruth Harshaw for the "Carnival of Books" radio show. (According to ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'')}}

{{quote|Throughout his life, Tolkien’s son Michael had what he called “a deep-rooted abhorrence of spiders.”|''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]''}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1980: [[Der Hobbit (1980 German radio series)|''Der Hobbit'' (1980 German radio series)]]:'''
:The spiders of Mirkwood are played by Uta Hallant and Lieselotte Rau.

'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit (1982 text adventure game)'']]'''
:In the text adventure game, spiders don't make any explicit appearance, although you will see "Pale Bulbous Eyes" as you and your party travel along the [[Old Forest Road]]. If you stay on the road for too long, something will leap down from the trees and kill you.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:''See [[Shelob#Portrayal in adaptations|Shelob: Portrayal in adaptations]]''

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Non-player (NPC, computer controlled) spiders are found in a number of areas of Middle-earth. Players can play a spider in the Player-versus-Player (PvP) area of the [[Ettenmoors]] once the player reaches level ten. Spiders in ''The Lord of the Rings Online'' have the ability to root and spit poison from a distance.

:The appearance of spiders vary from zone to zone for NPC spiders and from rank to rank for player controlled spiders. They all look like very large spiders from the size of a cat up to the size of a large elephant.

'''2012-4: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]]:'''
:The spiders of Mirkwood are portrayed in the first two films, ''An Unexpected Journey'' and ''The Desolation of Smaug''. In the former, they attack [[Radagast]]'s dwelling in [[Rhosgobel]], but are driven away by him. Radagast discovers that they came from the ruins of [[Dol Guldur]] (implying that they are drawn to the power of [[Sauron|the Necromancer]] lurking there), and deduces that they are descendants of [[Ungoliant]]. In the latter film, their role is faithful to their portrayal in the novel. As in the book, they are capable of speech (although Bilbo is only capable of understanding them while wearing the [[One Ring|Ring]]). When one of the spiders screams about how Bilbo's Elvish blade "stings" it, it is then that Bilbo decides to give his weapon a name.

'''2017: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]'':'''
:''See [[Shelob#Portrayal in adaptations|Shelob: Portrayal in adaptations]]''

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of spiders|Images of spiders]]

{{references}}

[[Category:Animals]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Spiders| ]]

[[de:Spinnen]]
[[fi:Hämähäkit]]

Cormarë Series

2024-12-22T06:34:40Z

Pachyderminator: added gallery of books in the series

{{disambig-two|series of books published by [[Walking Tree Publishers]]|a festival honoring [[Frodo Baggins]] within the [[legendarium]]|[[Cormarë]]}}

The '''''Cormarë Series''''' is a series of scholarly books and essays by [[Walking Tree Publishers]]. The series is named after ''[[Cormarë]]'', or "Ring-day", [[22 September|September 22]]th. This name was chosen because the initiative for this series came on the 10th anniversity of the Swiss [[Tolkien Societies|Tolkien Society]] ''[[Eredain]]'' (founders of Walking Tree Publishers), who named their Anniversary meetings (in 1996, 2001 and 2006) "Cormarë", even though it fell on [[25 March|March 25]].

==Books in the series==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="150px" heights="200px">
File:News from the Shire and Beyond - Studies on Tolkien.jpg|[[News from the Shire and Beyond - Studies on Tolkien]]
File:Root and Branch — Approaches towards Understanding Tolkien.jpg|[[Root and Branch - Approaches towards Understanding Tolkien]]
File:Four Christian Fantasists.jpg|[[Four Christian Fantasists]]
File:Tolkien in Translation.jpg|[[Tolkien in Translation]]
File:Tolkien Through Russian Eyes.jpg|[[Tolkien Through Russian Eyes]]
File:Translating Tolkien - Text and Film.jpg|[[Translating Tolkien: Text and Film]]
File:Recovery and Transcendence for the Contemporary Mythmaker.jpg|[[Recovery and Transcendence for the Contemporary Mythmaker]]
File:Reconsidering Tolkien.jpg|[[Reconsidering Tolkien]]
File:Tolkien and Modernity 1.jpg|[[Tolkien and Modernity 1]]
File:Tolkien and Modernity 2.jpg|[[Tolkien and Modernity 2]]
File:Rootsandbranches.jpg|[[Roots and Branches]]
File:Inside Language.jpg|[[Inside Language]]
File:How We Became Middle-earth.jpg|[[How We Became Middle-earth]]
File:Myth and Magic - Art according to the Inklings.jpg|[[Myth and Magic: Art according to the Inklings]]
File:The Silmarillion Thirty Years On.jpg|[[The Silmarillion: Thirty Years On]]
File:The Lord of the Rings and the Western Narrative Tradition.jpg|[[The Lord of the Rings and the Western Narrative Tradition]]
File:Tolkien's Shorter Works.jpg|[[Tolkien's Shorter Works]]
File:Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings - Sources of Inspiration.jpg|[[Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings – Sources of Inspiration]]
File:Tolkiens View Windows into his World.png|[[Tolkien's View]]
File:Music in Middle-earth.jpg|[[Music in Middle-earth]]
File:Ecological Augury.png|[[The Ecological Augury in the Works of JRR Tolkien]]
File:The Loss and the Silence.png|[[The Loss and the Silence]]
File:Hobbit Place-names.png|[[Hobbit Place-names]]
File:Tolkien and Wagner.png|[[Tolkien and Wagner]]
File:Wagner and Tolkien.png|[[Wagner and Tolkien]]
File:The Broken Scythe.jpg|[[The Broken Scythe]]
File:Sub-creating Middle-earth.jpg|[[Sub-creating Middle-earth]]
File:Tolkien's Poetry.png|[[Tolkien's Poetry]]
File:O What a Tangled Web.jpg|[[O What a Tangled Web]]
File:In the Nameless Wood.png|[[In the Nameless Wood]]
File:From Peterborough to Faëry.jpg|[[From Peterborough to Faëry]]
File:Tolkien and Philosophy.jpg|[[Tolkien and Philosophy]]
File:Deep Roots in a Time of Frost.jpg|[[Deep Roots in a Time of Frost]]
File:Representations of Nature in Middle-earth.jpg|[[Representations of Nature in Middle-earth]]
File:Laughter in Middle-earth.jpg|[[Laughter in Middle-earth]]
File:J.R.R. Tolkien- Romanticist and Poet.jpg|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Romanticist and Poet]]
File:Binding Them All.jpg|[[Binding Them All]]
File:Pagan Saints in Middle-earth.jpg|[[Pagan Saints in Middle-earth]]
File:Music in Tolkien's Work and Beyond.jpg|[[Music in Tolkien's Work and Beyond]]
File:Sub-creating Arda.jpg|[[Sub-creating Arda]]
File:Something Has Gone Crack.jpg|[["Something Has Gone Crack"]]
File:Tolkien and the Classics.jpg|[[Tolkien and the Classics]]
File:Law, Government, and Society in J.R.R. Tolkien's Works.jpg|[[Law, Government, and Society in J.R.R. Tolkien's Works]]
File:Middle-earth, or There and Back Again.jpg|[[Middle-earth, or There and Back Again]]
File:Tolkien and the Classical World.jpg|[[Tolkien and the Classical World]]
File:The Gallant Edith Bratt.jpg|[[The Gallant Edith Bratt]]
File:Nólë Hyarmenillo.jpg|[[Nólë Hyarmenillo]]
File:The Songs of the Spheres.jpg|[[The Songs of the Spheres]]
File:Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate.jpg|[[Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate]]
File:Tweaking Things a Little.jpg|[[Tweaking Things a Little]]
File:The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien.jpg|[[The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien]]
File:Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg|[[Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy]]
</gallery>

== External links ==
* [http://www.walking-tree.org/cormare.php Official site]

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]
[[de:Cormarë Series]]
[[fr:tolkien/sur-tolkien/cormare series]]
[[fi:Cormarë Series]]

Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy

2024-12-21T03:36:43Z

Pachyderminator: added precededby link

{{book
|image=Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg
|author=Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|series=Cormarë Series
|pages=324
|date=[[26 September]] [[2024]]
|isbn=9783905703528
|precededby=[[The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien]]
}}
'''''Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy''''' is a collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe on Tolkien's life in relation to his fiction and possible future directions for the field of [[Tolkien studies]]. It is No. 52 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|
It has been just over fifty years since the death of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. This collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe celebrates his achievement by looking at two aspects of the legacy of the founder of modern fantasy. First, Tolkien's own history in relation to his fiction and, second, the likely future direction of Tolkien studies. It reassesses his achievement; suggests some fruitful ways forward in scholarship; and examines the complex history of Tolkien's relation to the genres of fiction and epic.The first section, "Biographical Explorations," focuses on the milieu in which Tolkien grew up. It consists of seven essays. The first essay looks at the importance of a likely 1904 excursion by the Tolkien brothers to Kinver. The second discusses the parallels between Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and Tolkien's description of Bilbo Baggins's "long-expected" party in The Lord of the Rings. The third introduces the life of Tolkien's aunt, Edith Mary "May" Incledon (née Suffield), immortalized as one of the "three remarkable daughters of the Old Took" in The Hobbit. The fourth argues for an important connection between Tolkien's having been ambidextrous and his distinctive imagination and rare command of languages. The next essay looks at how attempts to document Tolkien's life have run an obstacle course beginning with Tolkien's own attitude to biography. The Tolkien family and the unstinting efforts to guard their father's extraordinary achievement complicate the situation. The essay then offers possible remedies for the accidents of history and circumstance that have so far dominated how Tolkien is remembered. Chapter Six homes in on the last year in the life of Tolkien's mother, Mabel Tolkien. The last chapter in the first section offers a deeply biographical interpretation of "Smith of Wootton Major." People important to Tolkien's life appear in the story along with those lifelong themes of exile and loss, but these latter appear without the blessing of eucatastrophe.

The second, "New Directions," consists of two essays. The first proposes, first, that in the process of developing his mythology, Tolkien created a number of pocket eutopias and dystopias-communities of betterment or deterioration -- within a larger, even epic, landscape. It then goes on to argue that such a utopian vision can be traced throughout the sixty-year life of the legendarium. The second ponders how Christopher Tolkien, the literary executor of his father's estate, was caught among the conflicting demands and duties of editor, guardian of his father's reputation, and custodian of his family's estate. The essay chronologically traces Christopher's changing editorial choices and the results of those choices that have produced a range of problems-not the least of these being the Tolkien Estate's tight control over the scholarly study and publication of Tolkien's Middle-earth manuscripts. This control is something about which most Tolkien readers are likely wholly unaware.

This collection of essays comes at an important time. With the death of [[Priscilla Tolkien]] in 2022, all of Tolkien's children have passed on. Scholars now have an opportunity to recast discussion of Tolkien's achievement in a new era even as they are aware of how much that achievement must be viewed in light of its increasingly obvious and increasingly inaccurate cinematic and televisual re-presentation. Primacy should necessarily belong to Tolkien's written achievement and, hence, to the sort of scholarship this celebratory collection represents.}}

==Contents==
* Series Editors’ Preface
* Acknowledgements
* List of Illustrations
* Introduction by Toby Widdicombe
* Preface
===Past: Biographical Explorations===
# "Tea in Hay" by Nancy Bunting
# "The 1897 Diamond Jubilee and the Long Awaited Party" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "May Incledon, the Other Suffield Aunt" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "J.R.R. Tolkien: Ambidexter" by Nancy Bunting
# "For Want of a Biography, the Story Was Lost" by Toby Widdicombe
# "1904: Mabel Tolkien, Living and Dying" by Nancy Bunting
# "The Interlace of Autobiography and Faërian Imagery in ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''" by Nancy Bunting

===Future: New Directions in Tolkien Studies===
# <li value="8">"Tolkien as Forgotten Utopian" by Toby Widdicombe</li>
# "[[Christopher Tolkien]] as Editor: The Perils of Kinship" by Toby Widdicombe
* List of Abbreviations
* Bibliography
* About the authors
* Index

==External links==
* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/celebrating_tolkiens_legacy.php?openmenuitems=publ Official product page]
{{cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
[[C:Scholarly books]]
[[C:Publications by title]]

The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien

2024-12-21T03:36:04Z

Pachyderminator: added followedby link

{{book
|title=The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien
| image = The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien.jpg
|editor=[[Will Sherwood]] and Julian Eilmann
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|date=[[17 March]] [[2024]]
|format=Paperback
|pages=422
|isbn=9783905703511
|series=[[Cormarë Series]]
|precededby=[[Tweaking Things a Little]]
|followedby=[[Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy]]
}}
'''''The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien''''' is an anthology of essays edited by [[Will Sherwood]] and Julian Eilmann on how [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] took inspiration from the [[WikiPedia:Romanticism|Romantic movement]]. It is No. 51 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==Contents==

* '''Introduction''' by Will Sherwood
* '''Nationalism, History, and the Other
** "'Anglo-Saxons on Horseback' or 'Mail-Shirted Sioux or Cheyenne'? Romantic Native Americans and Tolkien's Rohirrim" by Valentina P. Aparicio and Elliott Greene
** "Tolkien, Medieval Romances and the Romantic Spirit" by Lynn Forest-Hill
** "J.R.R. Tolkien, Walter Scott, and Scott-ish Romanticism" by Sharin Schroeder
** "A Dark Romantic Gaze: Otherness and Evil in Hoffmann and Tolkien" by Mariana Rios Maldonado
* '''Language, Art, and Music'''
** "Words, Words, Words: Tolkien, [[Owen Barfield|Barfield]] and Romanticism" by [[Verlyn Flieger]]
** "Horns, Bullets, and Rings: Tolkien's 'extreme fondness' for Carl Maria von Weber" by Chiara Bertoglio
** "Indirect Artistic Influences: The Visual Art of J.R.R. Tolkien and William Blake" by Annise Rogers
** "'Living shapes that move from mind to mind': Tolkien's Visual Romanticism" by David Smith
* '''Imagination, Desire, and Sensation'''
** "Tolkien’s Romantic Gusto" by Kacie L. Wills and Christopher Hagan
** "Tolkien and Coleridge: Act and Desire in ''[[The Silmarillion]]''" by Adam Neikirk
** "Romantic Imagination, Fancy, and kalymma in Tolkien’s ‘[[On Fairy-stories]]’" by John R. Holmes
** "‘The Backs of Trees’: Tolkien, the British Theological Romantics, & the Fantastic Imagination" by Austin M. Freeman
** "'His songs are stronger songs': Aesthetic Creation, Enchantment, and the Wordsworthian Sublime in Tolkien" by Brandon Wernette
* '''Nature and Travel'''
** "Walking into Mordor: Tolkien and Romantic Travel Writing" by Eva Lippold
** "'The Ghostly Language of the Ancient Earth': Tolkien, Geology, and Romantic Lithology" by Nick Groom

==Publisher's description==

{{blockquote| J.R.R. Tolkien's Arda illustrates how he incorporated and built on aesthetics, ideals, and philosophies that were, during his lifetime, associated with the Romantics of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien is a celebration of Romanticism's multiplicity, offering fresh perspectives on Tolkien's relationship with English, Scottish, German, transatlantic, musical, and artistic Romanticisms, working in concert to open up our discussions of Tolkien's Romantic Spirit.

By embracing this approach, the volume avoids generalisations or vague definitions of Romanticism and the Romantic, paving the way for future scholarship that seeks to understand Tolkien's stylistic and thematic connections with Romanticism.

The contributions to this volume by no means exhaust the discussion on Tolkien's Romanticism. Rather, they aim to ignite further exploration by embracing Romanticism's ever-growing cast of voices and spirits.}}

==External links==

* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/the_romantic_spirit.php Official product page]

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

Letter 316

2024-12-21T03:13:08Z

Pachyderminator: blockquote formatting

{{letter infobox
|#=316
|to=[[Wikipedia:Robert Burchfield|R.W. Burchfield]]
|date=[[11 September]] [[1970]]
|subject=The word ''hobbit''
|}}
{{letter|316}}
==Summary==
[[Image:Robert Burchfield 11 September 1970.jpg|left|thumb]]
The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' staff, compiling an entry for ''hobbit'' in their second supplement, asked about the origin of the word and whether it was from an earlier story. Tolkien acknowledged a personal interest in it and wanted his meaning to be clear. He did warn them that looking into things was looking for trouble.

He was having the etymology "invented by J.R.R. Tolkien" investigated by experts. He knew his claim was not clear but he had not troubled about it until the Second Supplement inclusion came up. He then provided a definition, assuming that the etymology could stand:

{{blockquote|One of an imaginary people, a small variety of the human race, that gave themselves the name (meaning "hole-dweller") but were called by others ''halflings'', since they were half the height of normal men.<ref group="note">This was the definition used, prefaced with "In the tales of J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973)" in the 1976 Supplement.</ref>}}

If the etymology did not stand, they should substitute after "race": 'in the tales of J.R.R. Tolkien said to have given themselves this name, though others called them…'

==Note==
<references group="note"/>
{{letters}}
[[de:Brief 316]]
[[Category:Letters to R.W. Burchfield]]

The Complete Tolkien Companion

2024-12-21T03:01:19Z

Pachyderminator: /* From the Publisher */ blockquote formatting

{{book
| title=The Tolkien Companion| image = tolkien_companion.jpg
| author=[[J.E.A. Tyler]]
| isbn=517146487
| publisher=Gramercy
| date=[[1976]]
| format=Hardcover; paperback
| pages= 544
}}
'''The Tolkien Companion''' is a reference book by [[J.E.A. Tyler]], first published in [[1976]]. Due to it was published before ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', this first edition contained numerous errors that were partly corrected in later editions.

It was revised and enlarged in [[1979]], published as '''The New Tolkien Companion''', incorporating information from ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', and again in [[2002]] as '''The Complete Tolkien Companion''', incorporating also selected information from ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''. In [[2000]], a reprint of the first edition was released under the original title. Newer editions were released in [[2012]] and in September [[2022]].

Unlike [[Robert Foster]]'s ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', this book does not provide references to its entries.

==From the Publisher==
{{blockquote|
Between [[1932]] and [[1953]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Professor John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]], of [[Oxford]], England, translated four volumes compiled by the renowned [[Hobbits]] [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and [[Frodo Baggins]], written during the [[Third Age]] of [[Middle-earth|Middle Earth]] ''(sic)'', far longer ago than the [[Celtic]], Germanic and Icelandic manuscripts Professor Tolkien was used to deciphering. The result was ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and readers have never been the same since.

In [[1954]], seventeen years after The Hobbit first appeared, its sequel, ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' was published, and it became the centerpiece of Tolkien's work. The Ring Epic covers approximately ten thousand years, and contains a vast amount of information as well as a huge variety of words and names which Tolkien translated from the [[Elvish]] and [[Mannish]] tongues. ''The Tolkien Companion'' is an impressive endeavor to guide one through the world of Middle Earth ''(sic)'', compiling every fact, name, word, and date from all the works into one comprehensive and accessible volume.

Here, in one source, is the High History of the Elven peoples. The origins of [[Morgoth]] the Enemy is clarified, as is his Fall, and the subsequent rise to power of [[Sauron]] the Great, Lord of the Rings. The heroic epic of how the [[Free peoples]] -- [[Elves]], [[Men]], [[Ents]], [[Dwarves]], and [[Hobbits]]—survived against the Peril of the Ancient World is meticulously detailed. And a guide to the various Elvish writing systems, together with explanatory maps, charts, even genealogical tables, bring the remarkable genius of Tolkien and the unforgettable world and wonder of Middle Earth to life with focus and accuracy. Presented in alphabetical order for quick and easy reference, ''The Tolkien Companion'' is an indispensable accompaniment for anyone who embarks on the reading journey of a lifetime.}}

==Publishers==
In the United Kingdom the various editions were first published by Pan Books,
and in the United States by St. Martin's Press (with the ''Complete'' Companion under St. Martin's "Thomas Dunne Books" imprint).
The first St. Martin's edition was published without indicating an ISBN,the ''New'' with ISBN 0-312-57066-X,and the ''Complete'' with ISBN 0-312-31545-7.
Despite being issued after,and its Foreword citing,the entire ''History of Middle-Earth'' series,the early printings at least of the Thomas Dunne Books ''Complete Tolkien Companion'' have only a 1976 copyright date.

{{title|italic}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien Companion}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Reference books]]

Tolkien studies

2024-12-21T02:55:12Z

Pachyderminator: grammar/wording in lede

{{stub}}
{{disambig-two|the field of study|the annual journal|[[Tolkien Studies (journal)]]}}
{{quote|Most people want more (and better) maps; some wish more for geological indications than place-names; many want more specimens of Elvish, with structural and grammatical sketches; others ask for metrics and prosodies, [...] musicians want tunes and musical notations. Archaeologists enquire about ceramics, metallurgy, tools and architecture. Botanists desire more accurate descriptions of ''mallorn'' [...] and of ''symbelmynë''. Historians require more details about the social and political structure of Gondor, and the contemporary monetary system; and the generally inquisitive wish to be told more about Drúadan, the Wainriders, the Dead Men, Harad, Khand, Dwarvish origins, the Beornings, and especially the missing two wizards.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[1956]]<ref>[[Letter to H. Cotton Minchin (16 April 1956)]]</ref>}}
'''Tolkien studies''' is the scholarly research of the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. This includes his fictional literature and languages and his philological work.

==History==
===Tolkien's Scholarship===
Tolkien's own academic research has had a great impact within the field of philology.

Tolkien wrote many of the entries under "W" in the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' and many of those entries still survive this day as he originally wrote them.<ref>[[Peter Gilliver]], [[Jeremy Marshall]], [[Edmund Weiner]], ''[[The Ring of Words]]''</ref>
He also wrote the groundbreaking ''[[A Middle English Vocabulary]]'' which looked at common words instead of exotic words.<ref>Margaret L. Lee, "Middle English", published in ''[[The Year's Work in English Studies]]'', vol II (1922), pp. 41-53, esp. 42-3</ref>

His lecture titled ''[[Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics]]'' changed scholars understanding of the epic poem. During his time it was largely viewed as a historical document, but Tolkien argued that it should be examined as a literay work of art. This method of studying Beowulf is now popular today.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics]]'', "Introduction"</ref>

===Age of Innocence===
Generally, the history of Tolkien scholarship is divided into four time periods:
* the book reviews
* the cult period and the fierce reactions to it
* the acceptance of Tolkien as a literary agent
* and lastly, the post-[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|movie]] phase, featuring expanded volumes, reprints, and a wide variety of subjects.<ref name="ScholOverview">[[Brian Rosebury]], "Tolkien Scholarship: An Overview", published in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia]]'' (edited by [[Michael D.C. Drout]]), pp. 653-654</ref>

The first two periods have been summarized by [[Tom Shippey]] as the "Age of Innocence": the time before the publishing of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' and ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''. After the publishing of at least some of those, many musings, theories and guesses were flattened by additional information.<ref name="CompFore">[[Tom Shippey]], "Foreword" published in ''[[A Tolkien Compass]]'' (third edition) (edited by [[Jared Lobdell]]), pp. vii-xi</ref> The field of literary critics taking interest was still thin, and serious academic research was rare. The first conference on Tolkien's literature was held in [[1966]]; before that, only collected works on children's literature had picked up serious attention for ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''.<ref name="ScholFirst">[[Richard C. West]], "Tolkien Scholarship: First Decades: 1954-1980", published in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia]]'' (edited by [[Michael D.C. Drout]]), pp. 654-656</ref>

===1,800 New Entries===
A major turn in scholarship was the publishing of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]]. The book included the history of things that were previously no more than a "background-word", such as [[Beren]]<ref>{{FR|I11}}, "[[Song of Beren and Lúthien]]"</ref> or [[Gondolin]].<ref>{{H|3}}, [[Elrond]] explaining the origin of [[Glamdring]] and [[Orcrist]]</ref> Apart from many expanded entries, the second edition of [[J.E.A. Tyler]]'s ''[[The Tolkien Companion]]'' included some 1,800 new entries.<ref>[[Colin Duriez]], ''[[Tolkien and the Lord of the Rings]]'', p. 47</ref> A landmark publication of this time was Shippey's ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]''.<ref name="ScholOverview"/>

==Fields==
===Linguistics===
====Invented languages====
{{main|Languages}}

====Philology====
===Literature===
===Christianity===
===Philosophy===

==Courses==
{{expansion}}
There are a number of universities and colleges that offer course work in Tolkien studies. This is a listing of some of the courses devoted solely to Tolkien studies. There are some institutions that offer Tolkien studies as part of another course.
* [[wikipedia:Bethel University|Bethel University]] offers a course on the theology of [[Middle-earth]].
* [[wikipedia:Bradley University|Bradley Unviersity]] offers a course taught by J.R.R. Tolkien scholar [[Mike Foster]] on ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.
* Cardiff Centre for Lifelong Learning offers a course on the literature of Tolkien and how it relates to his understanding of earlier fantasy literature.<ref>[http://www.cf.ac.uk/learn/english/exploring_tolkien.php Exploring Tolkien: There and Back Again]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Rice University|Rice University]] offers a course on ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Hobbit]]'' as a mythology for England.<ref>[http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~jchance/tol2002.htm English 318: J. R. R. Tolkien]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Rutgers University|Rutgers University]] offers a course on Christian elements found in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>[http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~wcd/tolkien.htm English 321: Tolkien & Oxford Christianity]</ref>
* [[wikipedia:Victoria University of Wellington|Victoria University of Wellington]] offers a course on ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and how it relates to medieval literature.<ref>[http://www.victoria.ac.nz/home/study/subjects/coursecatalogue.aspx?course=ENGL-227 ENGL 227 – Tolkien and Medieval Literature]</ref>

==See also==
* {{WP|Tolkien research}}
* [[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]]
* [[Omentielva]]
* [[The Tolkien Society]]
* ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]''

{{references}}
[[Category:Tolkien studies| ]]

J.R.R. Tolkien Timeline

2024-12-21T01:22:02Z

Pachyderminator: added more events

{{Incomplete}}
This article intends to list the main events of the life of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] in a chronological order.

==[[1892]]==
*[[3 January]]: J.R.R. Tolkien is born in [[Bloemfontein]], [[Orange Free State]] (modern South Africa).
*[[31 January]]: Tolkien is baptized at the Anglican cathedral in Bloemfontein.
==[[1894]]==
*[[17 February]]: Tolkien's younger brother [[Hilary Tolkien|Hilary]] is born.
==[[1895]]==
*[[April]]: Tolkien's mother [[Mabel Tolkien|Mabel]] moves with her sons from South Africa to [[Birmingham]], England.
==[[1896]]==
*[[15 February]]: Tolkien's father [[Arthur Tolkien]] dies of rheumatic fever.
* Summer: Tolkien's mother moves with her sons to [[Sarehole]].
==[[1900]]==
* June: Tolkien's mother is received into the Catholic Church.
* September: Tolkien begins attending [[King Edward's School]].
==[[1902]]==
* Tolkien begins attending St. Philip's School.
* Father [[Francis Morgan]] of the [[Birmingham Oratory]] becomes a family friend of the Tolkiens.
==[[1903]]==
* [[January]] : Tolkien returns to King Edward's School, having won a Foundation Scholarship.
==[[1904]]==
* [[April]]: Mabel Tolkien is hospitalized with diabetes. Tolkien is sent to live with his aunt [[Jane Neave]].
* [[June]]: Mabel Tolkien partially recovers and goes, with her sons, to Rednal in Worcestershire to convalesce.
* [[14 November]]: Tolkien's mother dies after a relapse.
==[[1905]]==
* Tolkien and his brother go to live with their aunt Beatrice Suffield.
* Autumn: Tolkien meets his friend [[Christopher Wiseman]] at King Edward's.

==[[1908]]==
* Beginning of the year: Tolkien and Hilary move to the home of Louis Faulkner at [[37 Duchess Road]] in [[Birmingham]], where Tolkien meets [[Edith Bratt]].

==[[1909]]==
* Summer: Tolkien and Edith Bratt fall in love.
* [[December]]: Father [[Francis Morgan]] learns of Tolkien and Edith's relationship and demands that it cease. Tolkien fails to win a University scholarship at [[Oxford]].

==[[1910]]==
* [[January]]: Tolkien and his brother move into the home of Thomas Macsherry at 4 Highfield Road.
* [[21 January]]: Tolkien and Edith have a clandestine meeting, which Father Francis learns of. He forbids Tolkien from any contact with Edith until he turns 21.
* [[December]]: Tolkien wins a scholarship to Exeter College, Oxford.

== [[1911]] ==
* Summer: Tolkien and several friends form the [[T.C.B.S.]]
* [[October]]: Tolkien begins studying at Exeter College, [[Oxford]].

== [[1915]] ==

* Tolkien graduates Oxford University with first-class honours.
* [[15 July]]: Tolkien is commissioned as second lieutenant in the Lancashire Fusiliers

==[[1916]]==
*[[22 March]]: Tolkien marries [[Edith Tolkien|Edith Bratt.]]
==[[1917]]==
* [[16 November]]: Birth of Tolkien's oldest son [[John Tolkien|John]].
==[[1920]]==

* Autumn: Tolkien becomes a reader in English language at the [[University of Leeds]].

* [[22 October]]: Birth of Tolkien's second son [[Michael Tolkien|Michael]].
* [[November]]: Tolkien leaves the army retaining his rank of lieutenant.
==[[1924]]==
* [[21 November]]: Birth of Tolkien's third son [[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher]].

== [[1925]] ==

* Return to Oxford as [[Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon]] and then Merton Professor of English Language and Literature

==[[1929]]==
* [[18 June]]: Birth of Tolkien's daughter [[Priscilla Tolkien|Priscilla]].
==[[1937]]==
*[[21 September]]: Publication of ''[[The Hobbit]]''.
==[[1954]]==
*[[29 July]]: Publication of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.
*[[11 November]]: Publication of ''[[The Two Towers]]''.
==[[1955]]==
*[[20 October]]: Publication of ''[[The Return of the King]]''.

== [[1959]] ==

* Tolkien retires from Oxford.

==[[1971]]==
*[[29 November]]: Tolkien's wife Edith dies at the age of 82.

== [[1972]] ==

* Tolkien is made a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]]
* Tolkien receives an honorary Doctorate of Letters from Oxford University.

==[[1973]]==
*[[2 September]]: J.R.R. Tolkien dies at the age of 81.

[[Category:Events (real-world)]]

Orange Free State

2024-12-21T00:34:54Z

Pachyderminator: category: South African locations

{{expansion}}
[[File:Orange-Freecountry-Flag-.png|thumb|200px|The flag of Orange Free State.]][[File:Orange-Freecountry-2-.png|thumb|200px|Orange Free State in [[1899]].]]'''Orange Free State''' (Dutch: ''Oranje-Vrijstaat'') was an independent [[wikipedia:Boer|Boer]] republic in southern Africa where [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] was born.

Originally founded as ''Transorangia'' (''Transoranje'') on 17 February 1854 by the ''Voortrekkers'' (Dutch for "pioneers"), former Dutch colonists of the Cape Colony. [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] was born there in [[1892]] as his father, [[Arthur Tolkien]], headed the [[Bloemfontein]] branch of a British bank, but returned to England with his mother at the age of three.

During 1899 and 1902 the Orange Free Country and the [[wikipedia:South African Republic|South African Republic]], a Boer Republic in the current South-African provinces [[wikipedia:Gauteng|Gauteng]], [[wikipedia:Limpopo|Limpopo]] and [[wikipedia:Mpumalanga|Mpumalanga]], fought the Second Boer War with the [[wikipedia:British Empire|British Empire]]. In the [[wikipedia:Treaty of Vereeniging|Treaty of Vereeniging]] it was decided that Orange Free Country would become part of the British Empire as the '''Orange River Colony'''. In 1910 it joined the Union of South-Africa under its former name, Orange Free Country.

In [[1944]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] spent time in Free State Province, training for the Royal Air Force. During this stay he [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|corresponded]] extensively with his father about the elder Tolkien's reminiscences of South Africa, as well as newly written chapters of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

Today, the area of the former Orange Free State is now the '''[[wikipedia:Free State|Free State]]''' (Afrikaans: ''Vrystaat'') province of [[wikipedia:Republic of South Africa|South Africa]].

==External links==
* {{WP|Orange Free State|Orange Free State}}

[[Category:Countries]]
[[C:South African locations]]
[[de:Südafrika]]
[[fi:Oranjen vapaavaltio]]

Oxford Mail

2024-12-20T21:09:35Z

Pachyderminator: corrected template name

'''''Oxford Mail''''' is a magazine based in [[Oxford]], [[England]].
==Notable issues==
===1956===
[[15 December]] [[1956]] features the article "Deddington Court Now Library" (p. 1) with parts of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s speech held at the opening of the library on [[14 December]] [[1956]] (slightly different from the quotes appearing in the [[The Banbury Advertiser 19 December 1956|''The Banbury Advertiser'' 19 December 1956]]).<ref>{{CG|C}}, pp. 497-8</ref>

:See also: ''[[The Banbury Advertiser 19 December 1956|''The Banbury Advertiser'' 19 December 1956]], [[Letter to Miss Stanley-Smith (22 November 1956)]] and [[Letter to Miss Stanley-Smith (19 December 1956)]]''
===1957===
[[11 September]] [[1957]] features the article "Fantasy of the Year" (p. 4). This article, reporting from the International Fantasy award luncheon held on [[10 September]] [[1957]], includes a brief quote by Tolkien who had attended and won the award.<ref>{{CG|C}}, pp. 510-1, 892</ref>

{{Seealso|The Bookseller, 14 September 1957|l1=''The Bookseller'', 14 September 1957}}

===1966===
The [[3 August]] [[1966]] issue features an interview by Tolkien to [[John Ezard]] (p. 4).<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. lxxviii</ref>
{{References}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Oxford Mail''}}
[[Category:Magazines]]

Primitive Quendian

2024-12-20T21:09:12Z

Pachyderminator: corrected template name

{{expansion}}
'''Primitive Quendian''' is the proto-language of the '''[[Quendi]]''', or [[Elves]], which they spoke soon after their [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]].

==History==
It is said traditionally that the first Elves who awoke at [[Cuiviénen]], they first looked at the [[stars]] and immediately exclaimed ''ele''! ("behold"); from this first word came the word for star, ''[[elen]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 360</ref>

Then the first Elves began to devise names for the various things they encountered in the world. For this reason, they referred to themselves as Quendi ("speakers") as they had not met any other creatures that spoke or sang. In time, the speech of the Elves began to develop into a form of language. The Elves were later discovered by the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Oromë]], who dubbed them the [[Eldar]] (meaning "star-folk" in their tongue). He invited the Elves to live with the Valar in [[Valinor]], the Uttermost West, where they would be protected from the monstrous creatures of [[Melkor]].

Those who undertook the [[Great Journey]] to the West adopted the Eldar name, while others chose to remain in their original homelands in the East. This latter group was known as the [[Avari]] ("unwilling"). The sundering of the Elven kindreds led to the first split in their language's development. During the long years of the Journey, the language of the Eldar changed and evolved into a form known as [[Common Eldarin]]. The language of the Avari however developed along different lines in the eastern lands, eventually splitting into the various [[Avarin]] tongues. As the ages passed and the languages of the Elves continued to change amid migrations, war, and the rise and fall of kingdoms, there were few (if any) of the [[Firstborn]] left in [[Middle-earth]] who still remembered the earliest form of their speech.

==Use within the legendarium==
Primitive Quendian is a retroactive term used by the loremasters for the earliest ancestor of the Elvish languages. The etymologies published in ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' and later etymological essays often derived terms common to [[Eldar]]in languages from Primitive Quendian bases, and a list of some Primitive Quendian words is given in an essay ''[[Quendi and Eldar]]'' (in ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'').

{{Seealso|Languages}}

==Inspiration==
According to [[Ross Smith]], the description of how [[Elves]] created languages encapsulates Tolkien's notions about the birth of language. In that primitive stage, there was an original semantic unity among sign, signifier, and signified, which then fragmented into more complex systems, resulting in speech and naming. According to Smith, Tolkien's views coincide with those of [[Owen Barfield]].<ref>Ross Smith, "Linguistic and Aesthetic Theory in Tolkien" [[Cormarë Series]] No. 12</ref>
{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/primelv.htm Primitive Quendian page at Ardalambion]

{{languages}}
[[Category:Primitive Elvish]]
[[Category:Primitive Quendian| ]]
[[fi:Alkuhaltiakieli]]

Nimphelos

2024-12-20T21:08:49Z

Pachyderminator: corrected template name

[[File:Kimberly - Doriath.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Thingol and [[Melian]] with Nimphelos. Art by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]]]
'''Nimphelos''' was a huge pearl said to have been the size of a dove's egg (that is, an inch or more in diameter) that was found along the shores of the [[Isle of Balar]] by the [[Falathrim]]. [[Círdan]] gave it, along with many lesser pearls, to his friend and ally [[Thingol]]. When Thingol called on the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] to aid in the building of [[Menegroth]], Nimphelos was among the rewards he gave them, and the [[Lord of Belegost]] was said to have prized the pearl over a mountain of wealth.<ref>{{S|Sindar}}</ref><ref>{{WJ|P1}}, pp. 11, 108 (§22)</ref>
==Etymology==
The name is [[Sindarin]] and contains the element ''[[nim]]-'' ("white").<ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''nim''</ref>

In a linguistic writing, ''nimphelos'' is said to be a plant name (mentioned along with ''[[niphredil]]'').<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 168</ref>

{{Seealso|loss}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

Calacirian

2024-12-20T21:08:08Z

Pachyderminator: corrected template name

'''Calacirian''' was a region of [[Eldamar]] near the entrance to the ravine of [[Calacirya]]. The hill of [[Túna]] stood there, with the city of [[Tirion]] built upon it. The light of the [[Two Trees]] was the strongest there in all Eldamar.

The name appears in [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] ''[[Eärendillinwë]]'' in [[Rivendell]]:<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref><ref name=RGEO>{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 70</ref>

:''and seven lights before him sent, as through the Calacirian to hidden land forlorn he went.''
==Etymology==
The [[Quenya]] name ''Calacirian'' is a simplified ("anglicized") form of ''Kalakiryan'' (full ''Kalakiryandë'', derived from ''Kalakirya'').<ref name=RGEO/><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 73</ref>

{{Seealso|-nd|l1=-andë}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Eldamar]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]

[[fi:Calacirian]]

Dimitra Fimi

2024-12-18T07:37:07Z

Pachyderminator: added review of Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth

{{author infobox
| image = Dimitra Fimi (2).jpg
| name=Dimitra Fimi
| born=[[2 June]] [[1978]]
| died=
| education=[[Wikipedia:Cardiff University|Cardiff University]]
| occupation=Professor of Fantasy and Children's Literature
| location=
| website=[http://www.dimitrafimi.com/ Official website]
}}
'''Dimitra Fimi''' (born [[2 June]] [[1978]]) is Professor of Fantasy and Children's Literature at the [[wikipedia:University of Glasgow|University of Glasgow]]. She teaches and researches on many fantasy authors. She is also co-Director of the Centre for Fantasy and the Fantastic at Glasgow. Fimi is currently on the [[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]] editorial team.<ref>[https://journals.tolkiensociety.org/mallorn/about/editorialTeam ''Editorial Team''] at journals.tolkiensociety.org (accessed 18 June 2023)</ref>
==Bibliography, selected==
===Books===
* [[2008]]: ''[[Tolkien, Race and Cultural History|Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits]]''
* [[2016]]: ''[[A Secret Vice (book)|A Secret Vice]]'' (co-editor with Andrew Higgins)
* [[2019]]: ''[[Sub-creating Arda]]'' (co-editor with [[Thomas M. Honegger]])
* [[2021]]: ''Επιδράσεις της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής Γραμματείας στο Έργο του Τζ.Ρ.Ρ. Τόλκιν = Echoes of Ancient Greek Literature in the Work of J.R.R. Tolkien'' (co-editor with Dimitrios Kolovos)

===Articles===
* [[2006]]: ''Working with English: Medieval and Modern Language, Literature and Drama''
** (issue 2): "[https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/documents/working-with-english/volume-2/fimi-come-sing-ye-light-fairy-things-tripping-so-gay-victorian-fairies-and-the-early-work-of-j.-r.-r.-tolkien.pdf 'Come Sing ye Light Fairy Things Tripping so Gay': Victorian Fairies and the Early Work of J.R.R. Tolkien]"
* [[2006]]: ''Folklore''
** (issue 117): [http://dimitrafimi.com/teaching/mad-elves-and-elusive-beauty-some-celtic-strands-of-tolkiens-mythology/ "'Mad Elves' and 'Elusive Beauty': Some Celtic Strands of Tolkien's Mythology"]
* [[2006]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]''
** Fairyology, Victorian
**Greece: Reception of Tolkien
* [[2007]]: [[Tolkien Studies: Volume 4|''Tolkien Studies'': Volume 6]]
** "Tolkien's '"Celtic" type of legends': Merging Traditions"
* [[2007]]: ''[[Silver Leaves]]''
**"A Note on Túrin and Oedipus"
* [[2007]]: ''Old Norse Made New: Essays on the Post-Medieval Reception of Old Norse Literature and Culture''
** "Tolkien and Old Norse Antiquity: Real and Romantic Links in Material Culture"
* [[2008]]: ''[[The Ring Goes Ever On: Proceedings of the Tolkien 2005 Conference]]''
** "Material Culture and Materiality in Middle-earth: Tolkien and Archaeology"
* [[2008]]: [[Mallorn 46|''Mallorn'' 46]]:
** "Teaching and Studying Tolkien"
* [[2011]]: [[Picturing Tolkien|''Picturing Tolkien: Essays on Peter Jackson's'' The Lord of the Rings ''Film Trilogy'']]
** "Filming Folklore: Adapting Fantasy for the Big Screen through Peter Jackson's ''The Lord of the Rings''"
* [[2012]]: ''Critical Insights: The Fantastic''
**"Tolkien and the Fantasy Tradition",
* [[2013]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: the Forest and the City]]''
**"Wildman of the Woods': Inscribing Tragedy on the Landscape of Middle-earth in ''The Children of Húrin''"
* [[2014]]: [[Mallorn 55|''Mallorn'' 55]]:
** "Tolkien and Folklore: ''[[Sellic Spell]]'' and ''[[The Lay of Beowulf]]''"
* [[2017]]: ''The Times Literary Supplement''
** "[http://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/how-to-invent-a-language-tolkien-burgess/ Inventing a whole language]"
** "[https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/fantasy-writers-create-new-realities-and-cultures-essay-dimitra-fimi/ Why build new worlds]"
* [[2017]]: ''[[Death and Immortality in Middle-earth]]''
** "'Tears are the very wine of blessedness': joyful sorrow in J.R.R. Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings''"
* [[2018]]: ''[[Journal of Tolkien Research]]'': Volume 5
** "[https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol5/iss1/2/ Language as Communication vs. Language as Art: J.R.R. Tolkien and early 20th-century radical linguistic experimentation]"
* [[2018]]: ''The Conversation''
** "[https://theconversation.com/was-tolkien-really-racist-108227 Was Tolkien really racist?]"
* [[2022]]: ''The Conversation''
** "[https://theconversation.com/lord-of-the-rings-debunking-the-backlash-against-non-white-actors-in-amazons-new-adaption-177791 Lord of the Rings: debunking the backlash against non-white actors in Amazon’s new adaption]"

===Reviews===
* [[2005]]: ''[[Tolkien Studies: Volume 3]]'':
** Review of ''[[Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' by [[Marjorie Burns]]
* [[2008]]: ''Folklore''
** Review of ''[[Ents, Elves, and Eriador]]'' by [[Matthew Dickerson]] and [[Jonathan Evans]]
* [[2022]]: ''[[Journal of Tolkien Research]]'' Vol. 15, Issue 1
** Review of ''[[Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth]]'' by Robert Stuart

===Interviews===
* [[2012]]: [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/1057-interview-dimitra-fimi.php Interview with Dr. Dimitra Fimi on lecturing online Tolkien courses] on [[Tolkien Library]]
* [[2019]]: [https://www.tolkcast.de/episode/017-das-interview-mit-dimitra-fimi-shaun-gunnar Episode 17] of [[TolkCast]]
===Talks/Lectures===
* [[2019]]: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAAYOnkVnwk&ab_channel=TheTolkienSociety ''Tolkien, Folklore, and Foxes: a thoroughly vulpine talk in which there may be singing!''] at [[Tolkien 2019]]
* [[2023]]: ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usDl-qgsPEA&ab_channel=UniversityofBirmingham "I hold the key": J. R. R. Tolkien through interviews and reminiscences]'' at the [[wikipedia: University of Birmingham|University of Birmingham]]

===Other appearances===
*[[2009]]: Clash of the Gods
**''[[Tolkien's Monsters]]''
*[[2014]]: [[Beowulf Launch Party]]
*[[2014]]: BBC - iWonder
**''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zgr9kqt How was The Lord of The Rings incluenced by World War One?]''
*[[2014]]: BBC - iWonder
**''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/z2hthyc Why do the Elves in The Hobbit sound Welsh?]''
*[[2016]]: BBC Radio 4 - Archive on 4
**''[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07mvd5z Tolkien: The Lost Recordings]''
*[[2020]]: BBC Radio 4 - Archive on 4
**''[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000p60n Our Sacred Story]''

==Awards==
*[[2010]]: '''[[Mythopoeic Society|Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inkling Studies]]''', ''[[Tolkien, Race and Cultural History|Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits]]''
*[[2017]]:'''[[The Tolkien Society Awards|Tolkien Society Award]]: Best Book''', ''[[A Secret Vice: Tolkien on Invented Languages]]'' (co-editor with [[Andrew Higgins]])
*[[2018]]: '''[[The Tolkien Society Awards|Tolkien Society Award]]: Best Article''', ''"Tears are the very wine of blessedness": joyful sorrow in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings''
*[[2019]]: '''[[The Tolkien Society Awards|Tolkien Society Award]]: Best Article''', ''[https://theconversation.com/was-tolkien-really-racist-108227 Was Tolkien really racist?]''
*[[2019]]: '''[[Mythopoeic Society|Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for General Myth and Fantasy Studies]]''', ''Celtic Myth in Contemporary Children’s Fantasy: Idealization, Identity, Ideology''
*[[2021]]: '''[[The Tolkien Society Awards|Tolkien Society Award]]: Outstanding Contribution'''

==External links==
* '''[http://www.dimitrafimi.com/ Official website]'''
* [https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/critical/staff/dimitrafimi/ Dimitra Fimi] at the [https://www.gla.ac.uk/ University of Glasgow]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fimi, Dimitra}}
[[Category:Academics]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:JRRTE contributors]]
[[Category:Greek people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

User:Pachyderminator

2024-12-18T07:30:23Z

Pachyderminator: /* Palgrave Macmillan */

{{user infobox
| location=United States
| gender=male
| userboxes=
{{user lore-2}} 
{{user USA}} 
{{user 2y}} 
{{user firefox}} 
}}

Hello all! I'm a Tolkien fan with an interest in wikis, especially subject-matter wikis that have the freedom to cover topics in more depth than Wikipedia. I hope to be able to improve the coverage on this site in collaboration with other editors.

==Current projects==

Note: I am ''not'' trying to "claim" any of these projects! This is work that anyone can help with.

===Tolkien books with no articles===

I'm including here only books that are ''primarily'' about Tolkien and his work, or about Tolkien in conjunction with one or two other writers. There are many other books that touch on Tolkien studies in some way, which may or may not merit their own articles. Multiple ISBNs are included for different print editions if applicable, but not electronic editions.

====Palgrave Macmillan====

*[[Fantasies of Time and Death: Dunsany, Eddison, Tolkien|Fantasies of Time and Death]]
** By Anna Vaninskaya
** ISBN 9781137518378
*[[Tolkien: A Critical Assessment]]
** By Brian Rosebury
** ISBN 9781349221356 (paperback)
** ISBN 9780333538968 (hardcover)
*[[Tolkien as a Literary Artist|Tolkien as a Literary Artist: Exploring Rhetoric, Language and Style in The Lord of the Rings]]
** By Thomas Kullmann and Dirk Siepmann
** ISBN 9783030692988
*[[Tolkien, Self and Other: "This Queer Creature"]]
** By Jane Chance
** ISBN 9781349679867
*[[Tolkien and Alterity]]
** Edited by Christopher Vaccaro and Yvette Kisor
** ISBN 9783319869858
* [[Following the Formula in Beowulf, Örvar-Odds saga, and Tolkien]]
** By Michael Fox
** ISBN 9783030481339
** ISBN 9783030481360
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit"|J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit": Realizing History Through Fantasy: A Critical Companion]]
** By Robert T. Tally Jr.
** ISBN 9783031112652
* [[Ethics and Form in Fantasy Literature|Ethics and Form in Fantasy Literature: Tolkien, Rowling and Meyer]]
** By Lykke Guanio-Uluru
** ISBN 9781137469687

====Luna Press Publishing====
*[[Aragorn: Tolkien's Undervalued Hero]]
** By Angela P. Nicholas
** ISBN 9781911143130 (second edition; first edition was self-published)
*[[Echoes of Truth: Christianity in The Lord of the Rings]]
** By Michael C. Haldas
** ISBN 9781911143611
** ISBN 9781911143536 (illustrated edition)
*[[On Eagles' Wings: An Exploration of Eucatastrophe in Tolkien's Fantasy]]
** By Anna Thayer
** ISBN 9781911143079
*[[The Lord of the Grins|The Lord of the Grins by U.R.R. Jokin]]
** By Mark Eggington
** ISBN 9781911143062

====Kent State University Press====

*[[Tolkien's Cosmology: Divine Beings and Middle-earth]]
** By Sam McBride
** ISBN 9781606353967
*[[Tolkien, Enchantment, and Loss: Steps on the Developmental Journey]]
** By John Rosegrant
** ISBN 9781606354353
*[[ A Sense of Tales Untold: Exploring the Edges of Tolkien’s Literary Canvas]]
** By Peter Grybauskas
** ISBN 9781606354308
*[[The Sweet and the Bitter: Death and Dying in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings]]
** By Amy Amendt-Raduege
** ISBN 9781606353059
*[[The Map of Wilderland|The Map of Wilderland: Ecocritical Reflections on Tolkien's Myth of Wilderness]]
** By Amber Lehning
** ISBN 9781606354421
* [[Pity, Power, and Tolkien’s Ring|Pity, Power, and Tolkien’s Ring: To Rule the Fate of Many]]
** By Thomas P. Hillman
** ISBN 9781606354711

====Pegasus Books====

*[[Hobbit Virtues|Hobbit Virtues: Rediscovering Virtue Ethics Through J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings]]
** By Christopher A. Snyder
** ISBN 9781643134109
* [[Tolkien in the Twenty-First Century|Tolkien in the Twenty-First Century: The Meaning of Middle-Earth Today]]
** By Nick Groom
** ISBN 9781639365036

====Lexington Books====

*[[Utopian and Dystopian Themes in Tolkien’s Legendarium]]
** By Mark Doyle
** ISBN 9781498598675 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9781498598699 (paperback)
* [[Theology and Tolkien: Constructive Theology]]
** Edited by Douglas Estes
** ISBN 9781978712638
* [[Myth, Magic, and Power in Tolkien’s Middle-earth|Myth, Magic, and Power in Tolkien’s Middle-earth: Developing a Model for Understanding Power and Leadership]]
** By James E. Siburt
** ISBN 9781666932669

====Ahvô Braiths====

*[[Gleanings from Tolkien's Garden|Gleanings from Tolkien's Garden: Selected Essays]]
** By Renée Vink
** ISBN 9789492469212

====Bloomsbury====

*[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Utopianism and the Classics]]
** By Hamish Williams
** ISBN 9781350241459 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9781350241466 (paperback)
* [[Reading Tolkien in Chinese|Reading Tolkien in Chinese: Religion, Fantasy and Translation]]
** By Eric Reinders
** ISBN 9781350374645
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Guide for the Perplexed]]
** By Toby Widdicombe
** ISBN 9781350092136 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9781350092143 (paperback)
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien (New Casebooks series)]]
** By Peter Hunt
** ISBN 9781137264008 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9781137263995 (paperback)
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien: Six Decades of Criticism]]
** By Judith A. Johnson
** ISBN 9780313250057

====Lexham Press====

*[[Tolkien Dogmatics|Tolkien Dogmatics: Theology through Mythlogy in Middle-earth]]
** By Austin Freeman
** ISBN 9781683596677

===Movie scenes===

Pages exist for every scene (actually every DVD chapter) in the Peter Jackson ''Lord of the Rings'' movies, but most them are bare stubs. I think they would actually be useful if filled in with a synopsis, list of differences from the books, etc. [[User:Turiannerevarine]] has already made a start on this.

*[[:Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring scenes]]
*[[:Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers scenes]]
*[[:Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King scenes]]

In theory, someone should do the same for the ''Hobbit'' trilogy, but those movies are so bad that I can't work up any enthusiasm for the job. In any case, ''The Lord of the Rings'' should be done first.

===Amon Hen===

Ensure that all issues of [[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]] have articles, and all articles have an infobox and table of contents.

==Long-term plans==

Coverage of Tolkien studies as a field should be improved.

Articles that need to be rewritten and/or expanded:
* [[Tolkien studies]]
* [[Racism]]
* [[Eucatastrophe]]
* [[Canon]]
* [[Fandom]]
* [[Inklings]]

Articles that need to be created:
* Something on sex and gender in Tolkien's work (title, IMO, should be something neutral like "Gender", not "Sexism")

Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth

2024-12-18T07:29:34Z

Pachyderminator: Created page

{{book
|image={{PAGENAME}}.webp
|author=Robert Stuart
|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan
|date=[[2022]]
|format=Hardcover and paperback
|isbn=9783030974770
|isbn2=9783030974749
}}'''''Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth''''' is a book by Robert Stuart on the theme of [[racism]] in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work. It was published by [[Palgrave Macmillan]] in [[2022]].

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|''Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth'' is the first systematic examination of how Tolkien understood racial issues, how race manifests in his oeuvre, and how race in Middle-earth, his imaginary realm, has been understood, criticized, and appropriated by others. This book presents an analysis of Tolkien’s works for conceptions of race, both racist and anti-racist. It begins by demonstrating that Tolkien was a racialist, in that his mythology is established on the basis of different races with different characteristics, and then poses the key question “Was Tolkien racist?” Robert Stuart engages the discourse and research associated with the ways in which racism and anti-racism relate Tolkien to his fascist and imperialist contemporaries and to twenty-first-century neo-Nazis and White Supremacists—including White Supremacy, genocide, blood-and-soil philology, anti-Semitism, and aristocratic racism. Addressing a major gap in the field of Tolkien studies,Stuart focuses on race, racisms and the Tolkien legendarium.}}

==Contents==
# Introduction: Reflections on Writing About Tolkien and Race
#* Bibliography
# Tolkien, Race, and the Critics: Debating Racism in Middle-earth
#* ‘The way in which the Nazis saw the world’? The Racialisation of Middle-earth
#* ‘A foul people’: From Racialism to Racism?
#* ‘The State of the Soul’: Race and Spirituality in Middle-earth
#* ‘I’d go back to trees’: Tolkien, Anti-Modernity, and Modern Racism
#* ‘Always historicise!’: Tolkien and Race in Context
#* Bibliography
# Manichean Racism? Black and White and Blacks and Whites
#* ‘An unwitting defence of racial separatism’: Apartheid in Middle-earth?
#* ‘Black and hideous’: Tolkien and White Racism
#* ‘The Colour of Salvation’: Tolkien and Spiritual Colouration
#* Bibliography
# Race War in Middle-earth: The Orcs, Genocide, and Ethnic Cleansing
#* ‘The only good Orc is a dead Orc’: Race War in Middle-earth
#* ‘Other Makings’: Orcs as Animals, Automatons, or Twisted Elves
#* ‘Orcs aren’t monsters. We are.’ The Orcs and the Critics
#* ‘The Inner War of Allegory’: Orcs and the War for the Soul
#* Bibliography
# Blood and Soil: Language, Myth, and Their Racial Roots
#* ‘His country of the heart’: Home and Heimat
#* ‘Sacred Geography’ and ‘Rooted Sustenance’: Grounding the Race
#* ‘Things of racial and linguistic significance’: A Racial Philology?
#* ‘Native Language’ and ‘Cradle-Tongue’: Racial Memory in Tolkien’s Thought
#* ‘Voices so fair to hear’: Phonaesthetics and Race
#* Bibliography
# Tolkien and Anti-Semitism: The Jewish Question and the Question of the Dwarves
#* ‘That Gifted People’: Debating Tolkien, Racism, and the Jews
#* ‘Dwarves like Jews’: Philo-Semitism or Anti-Semitism?
#* ‘The War against the West’: Historicising Tolkien’s Texts
#* Bibliography
# Aristocratic Racism: Gobineau in Gondor
#* ‘A man of the Middle Ages’: Gobineau’s Aristocratic Racism
#* ‘Tipping your hat to the Squire’: Tolkien and Racial Aristocracy
#* ‘The Race of the Kings’: Númenóreans and the Dúnedain
#* ‘As Tall as Lords’: Stature and Status
#* Lords of ‘the lesser kindreds’: High Elves, Fallohides, and Aristocratic Animals
#* Bibliography
# Conclusion
#* Bibliography
* Index

==External links==
* [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-97475-6 Official product page]
* [https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol15/iss1/3/ Review by Dimitra Fimi] in ''[[Journal of Tolkien Research]]''
* [https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol41/iss1/16/ Review by Robert T. Tally Jr.] in ''[[Mythlore]]''

[[C:Scholarly books]]
[[C:Publications by title]]

File:Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth.webp

2024-12-18T07:27:35Z

Pachyderminator: formatting

== Summary ==
Cover of ''[[Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth]]'' by Robert Stuart, published by Palgrave Macmillan.

Cover illustration: © AF archive / Alamy Stock Photo 
Cover image caption: Peter Jackson’s envisaging of Tolkien’s ‘uruks, black orcs of great strength’
{{fairuse-cover}}
[[C:Images of books]]

File:Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth.webp

2024-12-18T07:26:57Z

Pachyderminator: Cover of ''Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth'' by Robert Stuart, published by Palgrave Macmillan. Cover illustration: © AF archive / Alamy Stock Photo Cover image caption: Peter Jackson’s envisaging of Tolkien’s ‘uruks, black orcs of great strength’ {{fairuse-cover}} C:Images of books

== Summary ==
Cover of ''[[Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth]]'' by Robert Stuart, published by Palgrave Macmillan.
Cover illustration: © AF archive / Alamy Stock Photo
Cover image caption: Peter Jackson’s envisaging of Tolkien’s ‘uruks, black orcs of great
strength’
{{fairuse-cover}}
[[C:Images of books]]

User:Pachyderminator/Free and open-access Tolkien journals

2024-12-17T23:29:53Z

Pachyderminator: Created page

* ''[[Journal of Tolkien Research]]'' ([https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/ website])
* ''[[Journal of Inklings Studies]]'' ([https://www.euppublishing.com/loi/ink website])
* ''[[Mythlore]]'' ([https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/ website])
* ''[[Mallorn]]'' ([https://journals.tolkiensociety.org/mallorn/index website]) - free two years after publication

Tolkien, Race and Cultural History

2024-12-17T23:02:19Z

Pachyderminator: added links to reviews

{{book
| title=Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits
| image = Tolkien, Race and Cultural History.jpg
| author=[[Dimitra Fimi]]
| illustrator=
| publisher=Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
| date=[[20 November]] [[2008]] (28 July 2010)
| format=Hardcover (Paperback)
| pages=252 (256)
| isbn=9780230219519
}}
'''''Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits''''' is a [[2008]] book by [[Dimitra Fimi]].

The book was the winner of the Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies for 2010 ([[Mythopoeic Society]], USA), and was shortlisted for the Katharine Briggs Folklore Award for 2009 (Folklore Society, London).<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Dimitra Fimi]]|articleurl=https://dimitrafimi.com/books/tolkien-race-and-cultural-history-2/|articlename=Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits|dated=|website=[https://dimitrafimi.com/ DimitraFimi.com]|accessed=9 December 2022}}</ref>

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|'Tolkien, Race and Cultural History' explores the evolution of Tolkien's mythology by examining how it changed as a result of Tolkien's life story and contemporary cultural and intellectual history. The book considers Tolkien's creative writing as an ever-developing 'legendarium': an interconnected web of stories, poems and essays, from his early poems in the 1910s to his latest writings in the early 1970s. Consequently, the book is not restricted to a discussion of Tolkien's best-known works only ('The Hobbit', 'The Lord of the Rings' and 'The Silmarillion') but examines the whole corpus of his legendarium, including the 12-volume History of Middle-earth series, which has received little attention from critics. This new approach and scope brings to light neglected aspects of Tolkien's imaginative vision and addresses key features of Tolkien's creativity: the centrality of the Elves and the role of linguistic invention in his legendarium, as well as race and material culture in Middle-earth.}}

==Contents==
*List of Figures
*Acknowledgements
*Conventions and Abbreviations
# Introduction
#* His 'private and beloved nonsense': ''The Silmarillion'' and the 'Silmarillion'
#*A Victorian beginning and a modern end
#*'I hold the key': constructing a 'biographical legend'

===Part I. How It All Began...===
#<li value="2">In the Beginning Were the Fairies...</li>
#* Fairy-things and fairylands
#* The creation of a saga
#* Fairies and elves in Tolkien's children's literature
# 'Fluttering Sprites with Antennae': Victorian and Edwardian Fancies
#* 'Flower-and-Butterfly Minuteness': the fairy painting imagery
#* ''Peter Pan'' and the ''Cottage of Lost Play''
#* Fading, passing, departing: the fairies' farewell
# The Fairies, Faith and Folklore
#* 'Natural' fairies and romantic religion
#* Brownies, nymphs, mermaids and the 'elementals'
#* Fairies, folklore and the 'mythology for England'

===Part II. Ideal Beings, Ideal Languages===
# <li value="5">The Cat and the Whiskers: Tolkien's Linguistic Creation</li>
#* A multi-lingual novel
#* Examining the corpus
# 'Linguistic Aesthetic': Sounds, Meaning and the Pursuit of Beauty
#* Theorizing language invention: ''A Secret Vice''
#* The theory of 'inherent linguistic predilections': ''English and Welsh''
#* Language attitudes
#* Sound symbolism and sound experiments
# Ideal Language and Phonetic Spelling
#* The myth of an universal language
#* Aspects of linguistic creativity: language change and language decay
#* Invented alphabets, universal alphabets and phonetic spelling

===Part III. From Myth to History===
# <li value="8">The Claim to History</li>
#* A changing cosmology: from a flat to a round world
#* Reconsidering the 'framework' of the mythology
# A Hierarchical World
#* 'Race' and racial anthropology
#* Tolkien's views on Nazi Germany, race and language
#* Focusing on Middle-earth: constructing new hierarchies
#* Racial mixture: the problem of the Half-Elven
#* The face of evil: the origin and appearance of the Orcs
#* Tolkien and the change of racism
# Visualising Middle-earth: Real and Imagined Material Cultures
#* The idea of European prehistory and historical 'cultures'
#* The culture of Gondor: ship burials and winged helmets
#* 'Chambers', 'Windows' and the Anglo-Saxons
#* Victorian countryside and relics of the industrial revolution: the material culture of the Shire
#* Romancing archaelogy
# Epilogue: From Fairies to Hobbits
#* Mistakes and inconsistencies
#* The rise of the hobbits and the fairies' fate
*Appendix: 'And the Wither Then?': Stepping into the Road
*Notes
*Bibliography
*Index

==External links==
*[https://link.springer.com/book/9780230219519 ''Tolkien, Race and Cultural History''] at SpringerLink.com
* [https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol29/iss1/13/ Review by Jason Fisher] in ''[[Mythlore]]''
* [https://journals.tolkiensociety.org/mallorn/issue/view/48/ Review by Henry Gee] in ''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]''
{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

Tolkien, Race and Cultural History

2024-12-17T22:45:03Z

Pachyderminator: TOC formatting

{{book
| title=Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits
| image = Tolkien, Race and Cultural History.jpg
| author=[[Dimitra Fimi]]
| illustrator=
| publisher=Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
| date=[[20 November]] [[2008]] (28 July 2010)
| format=Hardcover (Paperback)
| pages=252 (256)
| isbn=9780230219519
}}
'''''Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits''''' is a [[2008]] book by [[Dimitra Fimi]].

The book was the winner of the Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies for 2010 ([[Mythopoeic Society]], USA), and was shortlisted for the Katharine Briggs Folklore Award for 2009 (Folklore Society, London).<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Dimitra Fimi]]|articleurl=https://dimitrafimi.com/books/tolkien-race-and-cultural-history-2/|articlename=Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits|dated=|website=[https://dimitrafimi.com/ DimitraFimi.com]|accessed=9 December 2022}}</ref>

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|'Tolkien, Race and Cultural History' explores the evolution of Tolkien's mythology by examining how it changed as a result of Tolkien's life story and contemporary cultural and intellectual history. The book considers Tolkien's creative writing as an ever-developing 'legendarium': an interconnected web of stories, poems and essays, from his early poems in the 1910s to his latest writings in the early 1970s. Consequently, the book is not restricted to a discussion of Tolkien's best-known works only ('The Hobbit', 'The Lord of the Rings' and 'The Silmarillion') but examines the whole corpus of his legendarium, including the 12-volume History of Middle-earth series, which has received little attention from critics. This new approach and scope brings to light neglected aspects of Tolkien's imaginative vision and addresses key features of Tolkien's creativity: the centrality of the Elves and the role of linguistic invention in his legendarium, as well as race and material culture in Middle-earth.}}

==Contents==
*List of Figures
*Acknowledgements
*Conventions and Abbreviations
# Introduction
#* His 'private and beloved nonsense': ''The Silmarillion'' and the 'Silmarillion'
#*A Victorian beginning and a modern end
#*'I hold the key': constructing a 'biographical legend'

===Part I. How It All Began...===
#<li value="2">In the Beginning Were the Fairies...</li>
#* Fairy-things and fairylands
#* The creation of a saga
#* Fairies and elves in Tolkien's children's literature
# 'Fluttering Sprites with Antennae': Victorian and Edwardian Fancies
#* 'Flower-and-Butterfly Minuteness': the fairy painting imagery
#* ''Peter Pan'' and the ''Cottage of Lost Play''
#* Fading, passing, departing: the fairies' farewell
# The Fairies, Faith and Folklore
#* 'Natural' fairies and romantic religion
#* Brownies, nymphs, mermaids and the 'elementals'
#* Fairies, folklore and the 'mythology for England'

===Part II. Ideal Beings, Ideal Languages===
# <li value="5">The Cat and the Whiskers: Tolkien's Linguistic Creation</li>
#* A multi-lingual novel
#* Examining the corpus
# 'Linguistic Aesthetic': Sounds, Meaning and the Pursuit of Beauty
#* Theorizing language invention: ''A Secret Vice''
#* The theory of 'inherent linguistic predilections': ''English and Welsh''
#* Language attitudes
#* Sound symbolism and sound experiments
# Ideal Language and Phonetic Spelling
#* The myth of an universal language
#* Aspects of linguistic creativity: language change and language decay
#* Invented alphabets, universal alphabets and phonetic spelling

===Part III. From Myth to History===
# <li value="8">The Claim to History</li>
#* A changing cosmology: from a flat to a round world
#* Reconsidering the 'framework' of the mythology
# A Hierarchical World
#* 'Race' and racial anthropology
#* Tolkien's views on Nazi Germany, race and language
#* Focusing on Middle-earth: constructing new hierarchies
#* Racial mixture: the problem of the Half-Elven
#* The face of evil: the origin and appearance of the Orcs
#* Tolkien and the change of racism
# Visualising Middle-earth: Real and Imagined Material Cultures
#* The idea of European prehistory and historical 'cultures'
#* The culture of Gondor: ship burials and winged helmets
#* 'Chambers', 'Windows' and the Anglo-Saxons
#* Victorian countryside and relics of the industrial revolution: the material culture of the Shire
#* Romancing archaelogy
# Epilogue: From Fairies to Hobbits
#* Mistakes and inconsistencies
#* The rise of the hobbits and the fairies' fate
*Appendix: 'And the Wither Then?': Stepping into the Road
*Notes
*Bibliography
*Index

==External links==
*[https://link.springer.com/book/9780230219519 ''Tolkien, Race and Cultural History''] at SpringerLink.com
{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

Cities and Strongholds of Middle-earth

2024-12-16T06:58:10Z

Pachyderminator: Created page

{{book
|image=Cities and Strongholds of Middle-earth.jpg
|editor=Cami D. Agan
|isbn=9781887726306
|date=[[July]] [[2024]]
|pages=322
|publisher=Mythopoeic Press
|format=Paperback}}
'''''Cities and Strongholds of Middle-earth: Essays on the Habitations of Tolkien’s Legendarium''''' is a collection of essays edited by Cami D. Agan and published by Mythopoeic Press in 2024.

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|The 13 essays in Cities and Strongholds of Middle-earth foreground processes of making and constructing Arda — either within the Secondary world or for readers/viewers — and thus continually assert that the habitations form a vital part of the tales within that world. Because they assume a complex arrangement complete with social, familial, artistic, and political relations, cities and strongholds often define their inhabitants as crafting boundaries between themselves and the outside, the visitor, and the unknown. These essays reveal that all cities and strongholds of the legendarium function as makers of meaning, containers of relations, outposts of history, and evocations of the Past.}}

==Contents==
* Dedication
* Introduction by Cami D. Agan
* Acknowledgments
* Abbreviations
# "Tolkien’s Cities of the First Age as Mythic Infrastructure" by Maria K. Alberto
# "Grounding and Traversing the Great Tales: Elven Strongholds of Beleriand" by Cami D. Agan
# "A Fallen Woman of Arda: The Battle over Wills and Desire of Aredhel of Gondolin" by Emily Venkatesan
# "Re-Enchanting Built Spaces: On Dwarves and Dwarven Places" by Kenton Sena and Kaelyn Harris
# "Fair and Perilous: Nature Enchanted in Lothlórien" by Rebecca Davis
# "'But the Beauty of Mithril Did not Tarnish': Tolkien, Material Culture, and the Mathom" by Nicholas Birns
# "Tolkien’s Panopticon and Foucault’s Towers: A Study on the Limits and Nature of Power" by Craig A. Boyd and Joanna Boyd-Wilhite
# "'Within Bounds That He Has Set': A Stylistic Analysis of Cities and Strongholds in The Lord of the Rings" by Robin Anne Reid
# "'It Mourns for Beleg even as You Do': ‘Living’ Swords in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Legendarium" by Birgitte Breemerkamp
# "'Forgot Even the Stones': Stone Monuments and Imperfect Cultural and Personal Memories in The Lord of the Rings" by [[Kristine Larsen]]
# "The Many Faces of Lake-Town" by Marie Bretagnolle
# "Architecture as Cultural Signifier: Building Identities of Middle-earth on Screen" by Mina D. Lukić
# "'The Stories That Stayed with You': Rivendell and Memory, Trauma, and Nostalgia for the American Millennial" by Danny Saldana
* About the Contributors
* Index

==External links==
* [https://www.mythsoc.org/press/cities-and-strongholds.htm Official product page]
* [https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol20/iss1/6/ Review by Marilyn R. Pukkila in ''Journal of Tolkien Research'']

[[C:Scholarly books]]
[[C:Publications by title]]

File:Cities and Strongholds of Middle-earth.jpg

2024-12-16T06:42:52Z

Pachyderminator: Cover of ''Cities and Strongholds of Middle-earth'', published by Mythopoeic Press. Cover design by Megan Kornreich. {{fairuse-cover}} C:Images of books

== Summary ==
Cover of ''[[Cities and Strongholds of Middle-earth]]'', published by Mythopoeic Press. Cover design by Megan Kornreich.
{{fairuse-cover}}
[[C:Images of books]]

Tweaking Things a Little

2024-12-16T06:28:26Z

Pachyderminator: added link to review

{{book
|title=Tweaking Things a Little: Essays on the Epic Fantasy of J.R.R. Tolkien and G.R.R. Martin
| image = Tweaking Things a Little.jpg
|author=[[Thomas Honegger]]
|foreword=Carolyne Larrington
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|date=[[2 July]] [[2023]]
|format=Paperback
|pages=
|isbn=9783905703504
|series=[[Cormarë Series]]
|precededby=[[Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate]]
|followedby=[[The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien]]
}}
'''''Tweaking Things a Little: Essays on the Epic Fantasy of J.R.R. Tolkien and G.R.R. Martin''''' is a book by [[Thomas Honegger]] on the relationship between [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s fantasy and that of [[George R. R. Martin]]. It is No. 50 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==Contents==

* Author's Preface
* Acknowledgements
* Foreword by Carolyne Larrington
* Part 1: Worldbuilding, Icebergs, Depth, and Enchantment
* Part 2: Names, Onomastics, and Onomaturgy
* Part 3: Languages
* Part 4: Riders, Chivalry, and Knighthood
* Part 5: Ethics
* Conclusion

==Publisher's description==

{{blockquote|World-building, name-finding, language-crafting; the flaws in chivalric practice, and the ethics (Machiavellian and otherwise) that produce the moral complexities of Middle-earth and the Known World are thus the topics that Tweaking Things a Little considers. The modest title belies what lies within these covers: nimble readings, profound knowledge of the medieval world, original and provocative reading of both books and the TV show await the reader here. Pointing both back in time to the medieval underpinnings of Tolkien’s creation and outwards to the contemporary world that informs Martin’s pragmatic and politically astute thinking, these essays enthral, astonish and challenge. Best of all, they encourage us to journey back into Middle-earth and the Known World, with newly opened eyes and ears, to rediscover their wonders anew.|Carolyne Larrington, Professor of Medieval European Literature (University of Oxford), author of ''Winter is Coming: The Medieval World of <nowiki>'Game of Thrones'</nowiki>'' (2015) and ''All Men Must Die: Power and Passion in 'Game of Thrones''' (2021).}}

==External links==

* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/tweaking_things_a_little.php Official product page]
* [https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol18/iss1/7/ Review by Andrew Higgins in ''Journal of Tolkien Research'']

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

Tweaking Things a Little

2024-12-16T06:22:38Z

Pachyderminator: removing quotation marks from blockquote since they're already added by the template (still that's not sure that's a good idea though)

{{book
|title=Tweaking Things a Little: Essays on the Epic Fantasy of J.R.R. Tolkien and G.R.R. Martin
| image = Tweaking Things a Little.jpg
|author=[[Thomas Honegger]]
|foreword=Carolyne Larrington
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|date=[[2 July]] [[2023]]
|format=Paperback
|pages=
|isbn=9783905703504
|series=[[Cormarë Series]]
|precededby=[[Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate]]
|followedby=[[The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien]]
}}
'''''Tweaking Things a Little: Essays on the Epic Fantasy of J.R.R. Tolkien and G.R.R. Martin''''' is a book by [[Thomas Honegger]] on the relationship between [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s fantasy and that of [[George R. R. Martin]]. It is No. 50 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==Contents==

* Author's Preface
* Acknowledgements
* Foreword by Carolyne Larrington
* Part 1: Worldbuilding, Icebergs, Depth, and Enchantment
* Part 2: Names, Onomastics, and Onomaturgy
* Part 3: Languages
* Part 4: Riders, Chivalry, and Knighthood
* Part 5: Ethics
* Conclusion

==Publisher's description==

{{blockquote|World-building, name-finding, language-crafting; the flaws in chivalric practice, and the ethics (Machiavellian and otherwise) that produce the moral complexities of Middle-earth and the Known World are thus the topics that Tweaking Things a Little considers. The modest title belies what lies within these covers: nimble readings, profound knowledge of the medieval world, original and provocative reading of both books and the TV show await the reader here. Pointing both back in time to the medieval underpinnings of Tolkien’s creation and outwards to the contemporary world that informs Martin’s pragmatic and politically astute thinking, these essays enthral, astonish and challenge. Best of all, they encourage us to journey back into Middle-earth and the Known World, with newly opened eyes and ears, to rediscover their wonders anew.|Carolyne Larrington, Professor of Medieval European Literature (University of Oxford), author of ''Winter is Coming: The Medieval World of <nowiki>'Game of Thrones'</nowiki>'' (2015) and ''All Men Must Die: Power and Passion in 'Game of Thrones''' (2021).}}

==External links==

* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/tweaking_things_a_little.php Official product page]

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

The Gallant Edith Bratt

2024-12-16T06:15:42Z

Pachyderminator: added links to academic reviews

{{book
| title=The Gallant Edith Bratt
| image = The Gallant Edith Bratt.jpg
| foreword=
| introduction=
| author=Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
| editor=
| illustrator=
| publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
| date=[[19 August]] [[2021]]
| format=Paperback
| pages=258
| isbn= 978-3-905703-46-7
| series=[[Cormarë Series]]
| precededby=[[Tolkien and the Classical World]]
| followedby=[[Nólë Hyarmenillo]]
}}
'''''The Gallant Edith Bratt''''' is a biographical work on [[Edith Tolkien]] by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays. The book re-examines Edith's role in J.R.R. Tolkien's life, looking at documentary evidence and the role Edith played in Tolkien's literary creation. It was published as No. 46 in the ''[[Cormarë Series]]''.

==Contents==

* Series' Editors Preface
* Acknowledgements
* Introduction
* Chapter 1: In the Beginning
* Chapter 2: Childhood
* Chapter 3: Dresden House, 1903-1907
* Chapter 4: The Faulkners', Birmingham, 1908-1910
* Chapter 5: Charlton Kings, 1910-1913
* Chapter 6: Waiting in Warwick, 1913-1915
* Chapter 7: Waiting in Warwick, 1915-1916
* Chapter 8: Edith Bratt Tolkien Confronts the War, 1916
* Chapter 9: Edith Bratt Tolkien's Wanderings, 1917
* Chapter 10: Edith: Creation, Subcreation, and Tinúviel/Lúthien
* Epilogue
* Appendix Concerning Tolkien and Sanskrit

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|Who was Edith Bratt? Millions saw Hollywood's fantasy version of J.R.R. Tolkien's one and only love, Edith Bratt, in the 2019 movie, ''Tolkien''. Fact, though, is stranger than fiction, and more interesting. Edith's story reveals a gallant heroine suffering under "The Shadow of the Past." Edith was Ronald's "lover," and much like her mother, Edith risked all for the man she loved. New research finds a financially independent and strong woman who was not only John Ronald's equal, but his muse, his anchor of stability in the present, and his hope for the future. Admirers, enthusiasts, and students of Tolkien will find much new material to enrich their understanding and appreciation of Tolkien. Placing the development of John Ronald Tolkien's Elvish languages, mythology, and art during the crucial years of 1916-18 in a new biographical context that includes the importance and significance of Edith Bratt culminates in the pivotal story of Lúthien and Beren with new unsuspected sources and the complementary artwork of ''The Fair Towns of Holy Tol Eressëa''. A fresh awareness of the compelling and pervasive influence and effect of Tolkien's biography on his oeuvre suggests new views and possibilities for further investigations. }}

==Reception==
The book was reviewed by [[Shaun Gunner]], Chair of [[The Tolkien Society]] in the journal ''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]''. In reviewing the book, Gunner said he felt had done a "genuinely thorough job in looking into Edith’s early life and upbringing, teaching about her family, education, wealth and accommodation." However, he critiqued the book as "incomplete" for only covering her life from her birth to 1917, for making their own suppositions, and for "pointed" critiques of [[Humphrey Carpenter]]'s [[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography|biography of Tolkien]]. He concluded he could only "partially" recommend the work.<ref>[[Shaun Gunner]], review of ''The Gallant Edith Bratt'' in [[Mallorn 63|''Mallorn'' 63]], ed. Luke Shelton, pp. 47-8</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.walking-tree.org/books/gallant_edith_bratt.php Official product page]
* [https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/full/10.3366/ink.2022.0140 Review by Giovanni Carmine Costabile for ''Journal of Inklings Studies'']
* [https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol41/iss2/26/ Review by María Fernández Portaencasa in ''Mythlore'']
* [https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol14/iss2/1/ Review by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull in ''Journal of Tolkien Research'']

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gallant Edith Bratt}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]
[[fi:The Gallant Edith Bratt]]

User:Pachyderminator

2024-12-16T06:01:03Z

Pachyderminator: /* Luna Press Publishing */

{{user infobox
| location=United States
| gender=male
| userboxes=
{{user lore-2}} 
{{user USA}} 
{{user 2y}} 
{{user firefox}} 
}}

Hello all! I'm a Tolkien fan with an interest in wikis, especially subject-matter wikis that have the freedom to cover topics in more depth than Wikipedia. I hope to be able to improve the coverage on this site in collaboration with other editors.

==Current projects==

Note: I am ''not'' trying to "claim" any of these projects! This is work that anyone can help with.

===Tolkien books with no articles===

I'm including here only books that are ''primarily'' about Tolkien and his work, or about Tolkien in conjunction with one or two other writers. There are many other books that touch on Tolkien studies in some way, which may or may not merit their own articles. Multiple ISBNs are included for different print editions if applicable, but not electronic editions.

====Palgrave Macmillan====

*[[Fantasies of Time and Death: Dunsany, Eddison, Tolkien|Fantasies of Time and Death]]
** By Anna Vaninskaya
** ISBN 9781137518378
*[[Tolkien: A Critical Assessment]]
** By Brian Rosebury
** ISBN 9781349221356 (paperback)
** ISBN 9780333538968 (hardcover)
*[[Tolkien as a Literary Artist|Tolkien as a Literary Artist: Exploring Rhetoric, Language and Style in The Lord of the Rings]]
** By Thomas Kullmann and Dirk Siepmann
** ISBN 9783030692988
*[[Tolkien, Self and Other: "This Queer Creature"]]
** By Jane Chance
** ISBN 9781349679867
*[[Tolkien and Alterity]]
** Edited by Christopher Vaccaro and Yvette Kisor
** ISBN 9783319869858
* [[Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth]]
** By Robert Stuart
** ISBN 9783030974749 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9783030974770 (paperback)
* [[Following the Formula in Beowulf, Örvar-Odds saga, and Tolkien]]
** By Michael Fox
** ISBN 9783030481339
** ISBN 9783030481360
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit"|J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit": Realizing History Through Fantasy: A Critical Companion]]
** By Robert T. Tally Jr.
** ISBN 9783031112652
* [[Ethics and Form in Fantasy Literature|Ethics and Form in Fantasy Literature: Tolkien, Rowling and Meyer]]
** By Lykke Guanio-Uluru
** ISBN 9781137469687

====Luna Press Publishing====
*[[Aragorn: Tolkien's Undervalued Hero]]
** By Angela P. Nicholas
** ISBN 9781911143130 (second edition; first edition was self-published)
*[[Echoes of Truth: Christianity in The Lord of the Rings]]
** By Michael C. Haldas
** ISBN 9781911143611
** ISBN 9781911143536 (illustrated edition)
*[[On Eagles' Wings: An Exploration of Eucatastrophe in Tolkien's Fantasy]]
** By Anna Thayer
** ISBN 9781911143079
*[[The Lord of the Grins|The Lord of the Grins by U.R.R. Jokin]]
** By Mark Eggington
** ISBN 9781911143062

====Kent State University Press====

*[[Tolkien's Cosmology: Divine Beings and Middle-earth]]
** By Sam McBride
** ISBN 9781606353967
*[[Tolkien, Enchantment, and Loss: Steps on the Developmental Journey]]
** By John Rosegrant
** ISBN 9781606354353
*[[ A Sense of Tales Untold: Exploring the Edges of Tolkien’s Literary Canvas]]
** By Peter Grybauskas
** ISBN 9781606354308
*[[The Sweet and the Bitter: Death and Dying in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings]]
** By Amy Amendt-Raduege
** ISBN 9781606353059
*[[The Map of Wilderland|The Map of Wilderland: Ecocritical Reflections on Tolkien's Myth of Wilderness]]
** By Amber Lehning
** ISBN 9781606354421
* [[Pity, Power, and Tolkien’s Ring|Pity, Power, and Tolkien’s Ring: To Rule the Fate of Many]]
** By Thomas P. Hillman
** ISBN 9781606354711

====Pegasus Books====

*[[Hobbit Virtues|Hobbit Virtues: Rediscovering Virtue Ethics Through J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings]]
** By Christopher A. Snyder
** ISBN 9781643134109
* [[Tolkien in the Twenty-First Century|Tolkien in the Twenty-First Century: The Meaning of Middle-Earth Today]]
** By Nick Groom
** ISBN 9781639365036

====Lexington Books====

*[[Utopian and Dystopian Themes in Tolkien’s Legendarium]]
** By Mark Doyle
** ISBN 9781498598675 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9781498598699 (paperback)
* [[Theology and Tolkien: Constructive Theology]]
** Edited by Douglas Estes
** ISBN 9781978712638
* [[Myth, Magic, and Power in Tolkien’s Middle-earth|Myth, Magic, and Power in Tolkien’s Middle-earth: Developing a Model for Understanding Power and Leadership]]
** By James E. Siburt
** ISBN 9781666932669

====Ahvô Braiths====

*[[Gleanings from Tolkien's Garden|Gleanings from Tolkien's Garden: Selected Essays]]
** By Renée Vink
** ISBN 9789492469212

====Bloomsbury====

*[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Utopianism and the Classics]]
** By Hamish Williams
** ISBN 9781350241459 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9781350241466 (paperback)
* [[Reading Tolkien in Chinese|Reading Tolkien in Chinese: Religion, Fantasy and Translation]]
** By Eric Reinders
** ISBN 9781350374645
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Guide for the Perplexed]]
** By Toby Widdicombe
** ISBN 9781350092136 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9781350092143 (paperback)
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien (New Casebooks series)]]
** By Peter Hunt
** ISBN 9781137264008 (hardcover)
** ISBN 9781137263995 (paperback)
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien: Six Decades of Criticism]]
** By Judith A. Johnson
** ISBN 9780313250057

====Lexham Press====

*[[Tolkien Dogmatics|Tolkien Dogmatics: Theology through Mythlogy in Middle-earth]]
** By Austin Freeman
** ISBN 9781683596677

===Movie scenes===

Pages exist for every scene (actually every DVD chapter) in the Peter Jackson ''Lord of the Rings'' movies, but most them are bare stubs. I think they would actually be useful if filled in with a synopsis, list of differences from the books, etc. [[User:Turiannerevarine]] has already made a start on this.

*[[:Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring scenes]]
*[[:Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers scenes]]
*[[:Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King scenes]]

In theory, someone should do the same for the ''Hobbit'' trilogy, but those movies are so bad that I can't work up any enthusiasm for the job. In any case, ''The Lord of the Rings'' should be done first.

===Amon Hen===

Ensure that all issues of [[Amon Hen (journal)|Amon Hen]] have articles, and all articles have an infobox and table of contents.

==Long-term plans==

Coverage of Tolkien studies as a field should be improved.

Articles that need to be rewritten and/or expanded:
* [[Tolkien studies]]
* [[Racism]]
* [[Eucatastrophe]]
* [[Canon]]
* [[Fandom]]
* [[Inklings]]

Articles that need to be created:
* Something on sex and gender in Tolkien's work (title, IMO, should be something neutral like "Gender", not "Sexism")

Nólë Hyarmenillo

2024-12-14T05:02:09Z

Pachyderminator: added another review

{{book
|title=Nólë Hyarmenillo: An Anthology of Iberian Scholarship on Tolkien
| image = Nólë Hyarmenillo.jpg
|editor=Nuno Simões Rodrigues, Martin Simonson, Angélica Varanda
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|date=[[30 April]] [[2022]]
|format=Paperback
|pages=206
|isbn=9783905703474
|series=[[Cormarë Series]]
|precededby=[[The Gallant Edith Bratt]]
|followedby=[[The Songs of the Spheres]]
}}
'''''Nólë Hyarmenillo: An Anthology of Iberian Scholarship on Tolkien''''' is an anthology of essays by Spanish and Portuguese Tolkien scholars. It is No. 47 in the [[Cormarë Series]]. "''[[Nólë]] [[hyarmen]]illo''" is a [[Quenya]] phrase meaning "Lore from the south."

==Contents==

* '''PART I'''
** "I didn't see the films, but I read the posters"
*** By Miguel Moiteiro Marques
** Facing Hope: ''The Lord of the Rings'', ''Beowulf'' and the Anglo-Saxon Elegiac Tradition
*** By Angélica Varandas
** ‘I See Fire': Adapting ''The Hobbit'' beyond the Image
*** By Ana Daniela Coelho
** Asgard and Valinor: Worlds in Comparison
*** By Hélio Pires
* '''PART II'''
** The Voice of Nature in Middle-earth through the Lens of Testimony
*** By Andoni Cossio
** "Nonetheless They Will Have Need of Wood": Aesthetic and Utilitarian Approaches to Trees in ''The Silmarillion'' and ''Unfinished Tales''
***By Martin Simonson
** Boromir: a Character Doomed to Die
*** By Alejandro Martínez-Sobrino
** Shadows of Middle-earth: Tolkien in Subculture, Counterculture and Exploitation
*** By Mónica Sanz
** "Aren't You Going to Search My Trousers?": Gender and the Representation of the Dwarves in Peter Jackson's Adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's ''The Hobbit''
*** By Amaya Fernández Menicucci

==From the publisher==

{{blockquote|The present collection, ''Nólë Hyarmenillo'' (‘Lore from the South’ in Quenya), features essays written by Spanish and Portuguese scholars on diverse topics related to Tolkien and his legendarium, ranging from an analysis of film posters and adaptations, to studies of comparative literature, ecocritical analysis and the role and impact of Tolkien's works in contemporary subculture. As such, the anthology also reflects the growing bonds between two national communities of scholars, who over the past decade have consolidated research on Tolkien's legendarium at various large universities on the Iberian peninsula.}}

==External links==

* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/nole_hyarmenillo.php Official product page]
* [https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol15/iss2/10/ Review by Marjorie Burns in ''Journal of Tolkien Research'']
* [https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol42/iss1/27/ Review by Nancy Martsch in ''Mythlore'']
* [http://journal.finfar.org/articles/book-review-nole-hyarmenillo/ Review by José Manuel Ferrández Bru in ''Nordic Journal of Science Fiction and Fantasy Research'']

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nole Hyarmenillo}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

Binding Them All

2024-12-14T04:56:39Z

Pachyderminator: added links to reviews

{{book
| title=Binding Them All
| image = Binding Them All.jpg
| foreword=
| introduction=
| author=
| editor= Monika Kirner-Ludwig, Stephan Köser and Sebastian Streitberger
| illustrator=
| publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
| date=[[8 October]] [[2017]]
| format=Paperback
| pages=339
| isbn=978-3-905703-37-5
| series=[[Cormarë Series]]
| precededby=[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Romanticist and Poet]]
| followedby=[[Pagan Saints in Middle-earth]]
}}
'''''Binding Them All: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on J.R.R. Tolkien and His Works''''' is a collection of essays edited by Monika Kirner-Ludwig, Stephan Köser and Sebastian Streitberger. It was published as No. 37 in the ''[[Cormarë Series]]''.

==Contents==

* "The Tolkien Journey at the University of Augsburg" by Stephan Köser (with Monika Kirner-Ludwig & Sebastian Streitberger)
* "'Meet the Professor' A Present-day Colleague's View of Tolkien's Academic Life and Work" by [[Thomas M. Honegger|Thomas Honegger]]
* "A Meta-pragmatic and Discourse-analytical Approach to Tolkien's 'Beowulf The Monsters and the Critics': A Deliberate Look at its Edges, not its Center" by Monika Kirner-Ludwig
* "'One trailer to bring them all and in the darkness bind them?' Lord of the Rings Trailers and their Communicative Functions" by Heike Krebs
* "Searching 'For a Better Rhythm, or a Better Word or Phrase': Tolkien's Re-Telling of the Legend of King Arthur in Alliterative Metre" by Birgit Schwan
* "Wounds That Can(not) Be Wholly Cured: Ecopsychology, Solastalgia and Mental Substainability in J.R.R. Tolkien's ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''" by Heike Schwarz
* "Ethereal Elvish and Horrid Orkish: An Attempt to Capture J.R.R. Tolkien's Controversial Theory of Linguistic Aesthetics and Phonetic Fitness" by Magdalena Spachmann
* "Concepts of Space in [[Middle-earth]]'s Landscapes or the Potential of Fantasy and Film for School Geography" by Sebastian Streitberger
* "Insights into Mapping the Imagined World of J.R.R. Tolkien" by Sabine Timpf
* "How J.R.R. Tolkien Used Kennings to Make ''The Lord of the Rings'' into a Medieval Epic for the 20th Century" by Carolin Tober
* "Exploring the Linguistic Past through the Work(s) of J.R.R. Tolkien: Some Points of Orientation from English Language History" by Oliver M. Traxel
* "Tolkien's Green Man: The Racialised Cultural Other Within and Green Spaces in ''The Lord of the Rings''" by Christine Vogt-William

==From the publisher==

{{blockquote|This volume "binds" a collection of selected papers that emerged from the J.R.R. Tolkien-lecture-series initiated at the University of Augsburg in 2014. Each of the papers is representative of the editors' interest in the interdisciplinary potentials of Tolkien's works and the joint venture to make his legacy visible and accessible from the viewpoint of numerous academic disciplines. Our contributors are experts as well as junior scholars from the fields of Literature and Linguistics, Geography, History, as well as Communications and Cultural Studies. }}

==External links==
*[http://www.walking-tree.org/books/binding_them_all.php Official product page]
* [https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol43/iss1/32/ Review by Troels Forchammer in ''Mythlore]
* [https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol7/iss1/2/ Review by Anna Smol in ''Journal of Tolkien Research'']
* [http://journal.finfar.org/articles/book-review-binding-them-all/ Review by Jyrki Korpua in ''Fafnir: Nordic Journal of Science Fiction and Fantasy Research'']

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]
[[fi:Binding Them All]]

Nólë Hyarmenillo

2024-12-14T04:09:00Z

Pachyderminator: added links to academic reviews

{{book
|title=Nólë Hyarmenillo: An Anthology of Iberian Scholarship on Tolkien
| image = Nólë Hyarmenillo.jpg
|editor=Nuno Simões Rodrigues, Martin Simonson, Angélica Varanda
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|date=[[30 April]] [[2022]]
|format=Paperback
|pages=206
|isbn=9783905703474
|series=[[Cormarë Series]]
|precededby=[[The Gallant Edith Bratt]]
|followedby=[[The Songs of the Spheres]]
}}
'''''Nólë Hyarmenillo: An Anthology of Iberian Scholarship on Tolkien''''' is an anthology of essays by Spanish and Portuguese Tolkien scholars. It is No. 47 in the [[Cormarë Series]]. "''[[Nólë]] [[hyarmen]]illo''" is a [[Quenya]] phrase meaning "Lore from the south."

==Contents==

* '''PART I'''
** "I didn't see the films, but I read the posters"
*** By Miguel Moiteiro Marques
** Facing Hope: ''The Lord of the Rings'', ''Beowulf'' and the Anglo-Saxon Elegiac Tradition
*** By Angélica Varandas
** ‘I See Fire': Adapting ''The Hobbit'' beyond the Image
*** By Ana Daniela Coelho
** Asgard and Valinor: Worlds in Comparison
*** By Hélio Pires
* '''PART II'''
** The Voice of Nature in Middle-earth through the Lens of Testimony
*** By Andoni Cossio
** "Nonetheless They Will Have Need of Wood": Aesthetic and Utilitarian Approaches to Trees in ''The Silmarillion'' and ''Unfinished Tales''
***By Martin Simonson
** Boromir: a Character Doomed to Die
*** By Alejandro Martínez-Sobrino
** Shadows of Middle-earth: Tolkien in Subculture, Counterculture and Exploitation
*** By Mónica Sanz
** "Aren't You Going to Search My Trousers?": Gender and the Representation of the Dwarves in Peter Jackson's Adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's ''The Hobbit''
*** By Amaya Fernández Menicucci

==From the publisher==

{{blockquote|The present collection, ''Nólë Hyarmenillo'' (‘Lore from the South’ in Quenya), features essays written by Spanish and Portuguese scholars on diverse topics related to Tolkien and his legendarium, ranging from an analysis of film posters and adaptations, to studies of comparative literature, ecocritical analysis and the role and impact of Tolkien's works in contemporary subculture. As such, the anthology also reflects the growing bonds between two national communities of scholars, who over the past decade have consolidated research on Tolkien's legendarium at various large universities on the Iberian peninsula.}}

==External links==

* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/nole_hyarmenillo.php Official product page]
* [https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol15/iss2/10/ Review by Marjorie Burns in ''Journal of Tolkien Research'']
* [https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol42/iss1/27/ Review by Nancy Martsch in ''Mythlore'']

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nole Hyarmenillo}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy

2024-12-14T03:58:30Z

Pachyderminator: added Cormare template

{{book
|image=Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg
|author=Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|series=Cormarë Series
|pages=324
|date=[[26 September]] [[2024]]
|isbn=9783905703528
}}
'''''Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy''''' is a collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe on Tolkien's life in relation to his fiction and possible future directions for the field of [[Tolkien studies]]. It is No. 52 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|
It has been just over fifty years since the death of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. This collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe celebrates his achievement by looking at two aspects of the legacy of the founder of modern fantasy. First, Tolkien's own history in relation to his fiction and, second, the likely future direction of Tolkien studies. It reassesses his achievement; suggests some fruitful ways forward in scholarship; and examines the complex history of Tolkien's relation to the genres of fiction and epic.The first section, "Biographical Explorations," focuses on the milieu in which Tolkien grew up. It consists of seven essays. The first essay looks at the importance of a likely 1904 excursion by the Tolkien brothers to Kinver. The second discusses the parallels between Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and Tolkien's description of Bilbo Baggins's "long-expected" party in The Lord of the Rings. The third introduces the life of Tolkien's aunt, Edith Mary "May" Incledon (née Suffield), immortalized as one of the "three remarkable daughters of the Old Took" in The Hobbit. The fourth argues for an important connection between Tolkien's having been ambidextrous and his distinctive imagination and rare command of languages. The next essay looks at how attempts to document Tolkien's life have run an obstacle course beginning with Tolkien's own attitude to biography. The Tolkien family and the unstinting efforts to guard their father's extraordinary achievement complicate the situation. The essay then offers possible remedies for the accidents of history and circumstance that have so far dominated how Tolkien is remembered. Chapter Six homes in on the last year in the life of Tolkien's mother, Mabel Tolkien. The last chapter in the first section offers a deeply biographical interpretation of "Smith of Wootton Major." People important to Tolkien's life appear in the story along with those lifelong themes of exile and loss, but these latter appear without the blessing of eucatastrophe.

The second, "New Directions," consists of two essays. The first proposes, first, that in the process of developing his mythology, Tolkien created a number of pocket eutopias and dystopias-communities of betterment or deterioration -- within a larger, even epic, landscape. It then goes on to argue that such a utopian vision can be traced throughout the sixty-year life of the legendarium. The second ponders how Christopher Tolkien, the literary executor of his father's estate, was caught among the conflicting demands and duties of editor, guardian of his father's reputation, and custodian of his family's estate. The essay chronologically traces Christopher's changing editorial choices and the results of those choices that have produced a range of problems-not the least of these being the Tolkien Estate's tight control over the scholarly study and publication of Tolkien's Middle-earth manuscripts. This control is something about which most Tolkien readers are likely wholly unaware.

This collection of essays comes at an important time. With the death of [[Priscilla Tolkien]] in 2022, all of Tolkien's children have passed on. Scholars now have an opportunity to recast discussion of Tolkien's achievement in a new era even as they are aware of how much that achievement must be viewed in light of its increasingly obvious and increasingly inaccurate cinematic and televisual re-presentation. Primacy should necessarily belong to Tolkien's written achievement and, hence, to the sort of scholarship this celebratory collection represents.}}

==Contents==
* Series Editors’ Preface
* Acknowledgements
* List of Illustrations
* Introduction by Toby Widdicombe
* Preface
===Past: Biographical Explorations===
# "Tea in Hay" by Nancy Bunting
# "The 1897 Diamond Jubilee and the Long Awaited Party" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "May Incledon, the Other Suffield Aunt" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "J.R.R. Tolkien: Ambidexter" by Nancy Bunting
# "For Want of a Biography, the Story Was Lost" by Toby Widdicombe
# "1904: Mabel Tolkien, Living and Dying" by Nancy Bunting
# "The Interlace of Autobiography and Faërian Imagery in ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''" by Nancy Bunting

===Future: New Directions in Tolkien Studies===
# <li value="8">"Tolkien as Forgotten Utopian" by Toby Widdicombe</li>
# "[[Christopher Tolkien]] as Editor: The Perils of Kinship" by Toby Widdicombe
* List of Abbreviations
* Bibliography
* About the authors
* Index

==External links==
* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/celebrating_tolkiens_legacy.php?openmenuitems=publ Official product page]
{{cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
[[C:Scholarly books]]
[[C:Publications by title]]

Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate

2024-12-14T03:50:36Z

Pachyderminator: added links to academic reviews

{{book
|title=Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate: Northern Narratives of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Legendarium
| image = Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate.jpg
|author=Richard Z. Gallant
|foreword=[[Tom Shippey]]
|introduction=[[Thomas Honegger]]
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|date=[[17 March]] [[2024]]
|format=Paperback
|pages=251
|isbn=9783905703498
|series=[[Cormarë Series]]
|precededby=[[The Songs of the Spheres]]
|followedby=[[Tweaking Things a Little]]
}}
'''''Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate: Northern Narratives of J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium''''' is a book by Richard Z. Gallant on the theme of "Northern Courage" (as modelled in Germanic heroic legend, such as [[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]) in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work. It is No. 49 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==Contents==

* Foreword by [[Tom Shippey]]: "Tolkien’s Thought and Tolkien’s Inner World"
* Introduction by [[Thomas Honegger]]
* Chapter 1: "The ‘Germanic’: Our World – Tolkien’s World"
* Chapter 2: "Original Sin in Heorot and Valinor"
* Chapter 3: "The Dance of Authority in Arda"
* Chapter 4: "The ‘Wyrdwrīteras’ of Elvish History"
* Chapter 5: "The Noldorization of the Edain"
* Chapter 6: "Discontinuity of Heroic Ethos"
* Chapter 7: "Wergild, Heirlooms and Monuments"
* Chapter 8: "Northern Courage in the Dúnedain Successor States"
* Chapter 9: "Galadriel and Wyrd"
* Chapter 10: "Elessar Telcontar Magnus, Rex Pater Gondor, Restitutor Imperii"
* Conclusion

==Publisher's description==

<blockquote>
The theory of Northern Courage was J.R.R. Tolkien’s designation for the heroic ethos found in ‘Germanic’ or Northern heroic lays and epics. Tolkien admired the nobility of the old heroes, such as Beowulf, but wrestled with the inherent cruelty of the Welands, Ingelds, and Gunnars that is also expressed within this heroic framework. This volume explores the means in which this conflict of nobility and cruelty, virtue and vice, expresses itself in Tolkien’s narrative fiction. Such means include the use of secondary-world chroniclers narrating a secondary-world history and tales to a secondary-world audience through illustrative narratives that dramatize the moral and ideological views of the narrators themselves. The narratives are often tragic, but they serve to highlight the different aspects of Northern courage through the examples of the Fingolfians, Fëanorians, and subsequently the Edain and Dúnedain. The moral and ideological views expressed by these secondary-world narrators parallel Tolkien’s own personal correspondence and academic essays, which also criticized the vices and praised the virtues of Northern courage.

Gallant’s study is the winner of the 2024 Inklings-Prize in the category ‘best scholarly publication (PhD/Habilitation)’ of the Inklings-Gesellschaft e.V.
</blockquote>

==External links==

* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/germanic_heroes-courage_and_fate.php Official product page]
* [https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/full/10.3366/ink.2024.0237 Review by Anine Olsen Englund in ''Journal of Inklings Studies'']
* [https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol19/iss1/9/ Review by Andrew Higgins in ''Journal of Tolkien Research'']

{{Cormarë}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy

2024-12-13T06:27:00Z

Pachyderminator: publication date

{{book
|image=Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg
|author=Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|series=Cormarë Series
|pages=324
|date=[[26 September]] [[2024]]
|isbn=9783905703528
}}
'''''Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy''''' is a collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe on Tolkien's life in relation to his fiction and possible future directions for the field of [[Tolkien studies]]. It is No. 52 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|
It has been just over fifty years since the death of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. This collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe celebrates his achievement by looking at two aspects of the legacy of the founder of modern fantasy. First, Tolkien's own history in relation to his fiction and, second, the likely future direction of Tolkien studies. It reassesses his achievement; suggests some fruitful ways forward in scholarship; and examines the complex history of Tolkien's relation to the genres of fiction and epic.The first section, "Biographical Explorations," focuses on the milieu in which Tolkien grew up. It consists of seven essays. The first essay looks at the importance of a likely 1904 excursion by the Tolkien brothers to Kinver. The second discusses the parallels between Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and Tolkien's description of Bilbo Baggins's "long-expected" party in The Lord of the Rings. The third introduces the life of Tolkien's aunt, Edith Mary "May" Incledon (née Suffield), immortalized as one of the "three remarkable daughters of the Old Took" in The Hobbit. The fourth argues for an important connection between Tolkien's having been ambidextrous and his distinctive imagination and rare command of languages. The next essay looks at how attempts to document Tolkien's life have run an obstacle course beginning with Tolkien's own attitude to biography. The Tolkien family and the unstinting efforts to guard their father's extraordinary achievement complicate the situation. The essay then offers possible remedies for the accidents of history and circumstance that have so far dominated how Tolkien is remembered. Chapter Six homes in on the last year in the life of Tolkien's mother, Mabel Tolkien. The last chapter in the first section offers a deeply biographical interpretation of "Smith of Wootton Major." People important to Tolkien's life appear in the story along with those lifelong themes of exile and loss, but these latter appear without the blessing of eucatastrophe.

The second, "New Directions," consists of two essays. The first proposes, first, that in the process of developing his mythology, Tolkien created a number of pocket eutopias and dystopias-communities of betterment or deterioration -- within a larger, even epic, landscape. It then goes on to argue that such a utopian vision can be traced throughout the sixty-year life of the legendarium. The second ponders how Christopher Tolkien, the literary executor of his father's estate, was caught among the conflicting demands and duties of editor, guardian of his father's reputation, and custodian of his family's estate. The essay chronologically traces Christopher's changing editorial choices and the results of those choices that have produced a range of problems-not the least of these being the Tolkien Estate's tight control over the scholarly study and publication of Tolkien's Middle-earth manuscripts. This control is something about which most Tolkien readers are likely wholly unaware.

This collection of essays comes at an important time. With the death of [[Priscilla Tolkien]] in 2022, all of Tolkien's children have passed on. Scholars now have an opportunity to recast discussion of Tolkien's achievement in a new era even as they are aware of how much that achievement must be viewed in light of its increasingly obvious and increasingly inaccurate cinematic and televisual re-presentation. Primacy should necessarily belong to Tolkien's written achievement and, hence, to the sort of scholarship this celebratory collection represents.}}

==Contents==
* Series Editors’ Preface
* Acknowledgements
* List of Illustrations
* Introduction by Toby Widdicombe
* Preface
===Past: Biographical Explorations===
# "Tea in Hay" by Nancy Bunting
# "The 1897 Diamond Jubilee and the Long Awaited Party" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "May Incledon, the Other Suffield Aunt" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "J.R.R. Tolkien: Ambidexter" by Nancy Bunting
# "For Want of a Biography, the Story Was Lost" by Toby Widdicombe
# "1904: Mabel Tolkien, Living and Dying" by Nancy Bunting
# "The Interlace of Autobiography and Faërian Imagery in ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''" by Nancy Bunting

===Future: New Directions in Tolkien Studies===
# <li value="8">"Tolkien as Forgotten Utopian" by Toby Widdicombe</li>
# "[[Christopher Tolkien]] as Editor: The Perils of Kinship" by Toby Widdicombe
* List of Abbreviations
* Bibliography
* About the authors
* Index

==External links==
* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/celebrating_tolkiens_legacy.php?openmenuitems=publ Official product page]

{{title|italics}}
[[C:Scholarly books]]
[[C:Publications by title]]

Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy

2024-12-13T06:25:26Z

Pachyderminator: added {{title|italics}}

{{book
|image=Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg
|author=Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|series=Cormarë Series
|pages=324
|date=[[2024]]
|isbn=9783905703528
}}
'''''Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy''''' is a collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe on Tolkien's life in relation to his fiction and possible future directions for the field of [[Tolkien studies]]. It is No. 52 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|
It has been just over fifty years since the death of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. This collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe celebrates his achievement by looking at two aspects of the legacy of the founder of modern fantasy. First, Tolkien's own history in relation to his fiction and, second, the likely future direction of Tolkien studies. It reassesses his achievement; suggests some fruitful ways forward in scholarship; and examines the complex history of Tolkien's relation to the genres of fiction and epic.The first section, "Biographical Explorations," focuses on the milieu in which Tolkien grew up. It consists of seven essays. The first essay looks at the importance of a likely 1904 excursion by the Tolkien brothers to Kinver. The second discusses the parallels between Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and Tolkien's description of Bilbo Baggins's "long-expected" party in The Lord of the Rings. The third introduces the life of Tolkien's aunt, Edith Mary "May" Incledon (née Suffield), immortalized as one of the "three remarkable daughters of the Old Took" in The Hobbit. The fourth argues for an important connection between Tolkien's having been ambidextrous and his distinctive imagination and rare command of languages. The next essay looks at how attempts to document Tolkien's life have run an obstacle course beginning with Tolkien's own attitude to biography. The Tolkien family and the unstinting efforts to guard their father's extraordinary achievement complicate the situation. The essay then offers possible remedies for the accidents of history and circumstance that have so far dominated how Tolkien is remembered. Chapter Six homes in on the last year in the life of Tolkien's mother, Mabel Tolkien. The last chapter in the first section offers a deeply biographical interpretation of "Smith of Wootton Major." People important to Tolkien's life appear in the story along with those lifelong themes of exile and loss, but these latter appear without the blessing of eucatastrophe.

The second, "New Directions," consists of two essays. The first proposes, first, that in the process of developing his mythology, Tolkien created a number of pocket eutopias and dystopias-communities of betterment or deterioration -- within a larger, even epic, landscape. It then goes on to argue that such a utopian vision can be traced throughout the sixty-year life of the legendarium. The second ponders how Christopher Tolkien, the literary executor of his father's estate, was caught among the conflicting demands and duties of editor, guardian of his father's reputation, and custodian of his family's estate. The essay chronologically traces Christopher's changing editorial choices and the results of those choices that have produced a range of problems-not the least of these being the Tolkien Estate's tight control over the scholarly study and publication of Tolkien's Middle-earth manuscripts. This control is something about which most Tolkien readers are likely wholly unaware.

This collection of essays comes at an important time. With the death of [[Priscilla Tolkien]] in 2022, all of Tolkien's children have passed on. Scholars now have an opportunity to recast discussion of Tolkien's achievement in a new era even as they are aware of how much that achievement must be viewed in light of its increasingly obvious and increasingly inaccurate cinematic and televisual re-presentation. Primacy should necessarily belong to Tolkien's written achievement and, hence, to the sort of scholarship this celebratory collection represents.}}

==Contents==
* Series Editors’ Preface
* Acknowledgements
* List of Illustrations
* Introduction by Toby Widdicombe
* Preface
===Past: Biographical Explorations===
# "Tea in Hay" by Nancy Bunting
# "The 1897 Diamond Jubilee and the Long Awaited Party" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "May Incledon, the Other Suffield Aunt" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "J.R.R. Tolkien: Ambidexter" by Nancy Bunting
# "For Want of a Biography, the Story Was Lost" by Toby Widdicombe
# "1904: Mabel Tolkien, Living and Dying" by Nancy Bunting
# "The Interlace of Autobiography and Faërian Imagery in ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''" by Nancy Bunting

===Future: New Directions in Tolkien Studies===
# <li value="8">"Tolkien as Forgotten Utopian" by Toby Widdicombe</li>
# "[[Christopher Tolkien]] as Editor: The Perils of Kinship" by Toby Widdicombe
* List of Abbreviations
* Bibliography
* About the authors
* Index

==External links==
* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/celebrating_tolkiens_legacy.php?openmenuitems=publ Official product page]

{{title|italics}}
[[C:Scholarly books]]
[[C:Publications by title]]

Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy

2024-12-13T06:21:49Z

Pachyderminator: Created page

{{book
|image=Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg
|author=Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe
|publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]]
|series=Cormarë Series
|pages=324
|date=[[2024]]
|isbn=9783905703528
}}
'''''Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy''''' is a collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe on Tolkien's life in relation to his fiction and possible future directions for the field of [[Tolkien studies]]. It is No. 52 in the [[Cormarë Series]].

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|
It has been just over fifty years since the death of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. This collection of essays by Nancy Bunting, Seamus Hamill-Keays, and Toby Widdicombe celebrates his achievement by looking at two aspects of the legacy of the founder of modern fantasy. First, Tolkien's own history in relation to his fiction and, second, the likely future direction of Tolkien studies. It reassesses his achievement; suggests some fruitful ways forward in scholarship; and examines the complex history of Tolkien's relation to the genres of fiction and epic.The first section, "Biographical Explorations," focuses on the milieu in which Tolkien grew up. It consists of seven essays. The first essay looks at the importance of a likely 1904 excursion by the Tolkien brothers to Kinver. The second discusses the parallels between Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and Tolkien's description of Bilbo Baggins's "long-expected" party in The Lord of the Rings. The third introduces the life of Tolkien's aunt, Edith Mary "May" Incledon (née Suffield), immortalized as one of the "three remarkable daughters of the Old Took" in The Hobbit. The fourth argues for an important connection between Tolkien's having been ambidextrous and his distinctive imagination and rare command of languages. The next essay looks at how attempts to document Tolkien's life have run an obstacle course beginning with Tolkien's own attitude to biography. The Tolkien family and the unstinting efforts to guard their father's extraordinary achievement complicate the situation. The essay then offers possible remedies for the accidents of history and circumstance that have so far dominated how Tolkien is remembered. Chapter Six homes in on the last year in the life of Tolkien's mother, Mabel Tolkien. The last chapter in the first section offers a deeply biographical interpretation of "Smith of Wootton Major." People important to Tolkien's life appear in the story along with those lifelong themes of exile and loss, but these latter appear without the blessing of eucatastrophe.

The second, "New Directions," consists of two essays. The first proposes, first, that in the process of developing his mythology, Tolkien created a number of pocket eutopias and dystopias-communities of betterment or deterioration -- within a larger, even epic, landscape. It then goes on to argue that such a utopian vision can be traced throughout the sixty-year life of the legendarium. The second ponders how Christopher Tolkien, the literary executor of his father's estate, was caught among the conflicting demands and duties of editor, guardian of his father's reputation, and custodian of his family's estate. The essay chronologically traces Christopher's changing editorial choices and the results of those choices that have produced a range of problems-not the least of these being the Tolkien Estate's tight control over the scholarly study and publication of Tolkien's Middle-earth manuscripts. This control is something about which most Tolkien readers are likely wholly unaware.

This collection of essays comes at an important time. With the death of [[Priscilla Tolkien]] in 2022, all of Tolkien's children have passed on. Scholars now have an opportunity to recast discussion of Tolkien's achievement in a new era even as they are aware of how much that achievement must be viewed in light of its increasingly obvious and increasingly inaccurate cinematic and televisual re-presentation. Primacy should necessarily belong to Tolkien's written achievement and, hence, to the sort of scholarship this celebratory collection represents.}}

==Contents==
* Series Editors’ Preface
* Acknowledgements
* List of Illustrations
* Introduction by Toby Widdicombe
* Preface
===Past: Biographical Explorations===
# "Tea in Hay" by Nancy Bunting
# "The 1897 Diamond Jubilee and the Long Awaited Party" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "May Incledon, the Other Suffield Aunt" by Nancy Bunting and Seamus Hamill-Keays
# "J.R.R. Tolkien: Ambidexter" by Nancy Bunting
# "For Want of a Biography, the Story Was Lost" by Toby Widdicombe
# "1904: Mabel Tolkien, Living and Dying" by Nancy Bunting
# "The Interlace of Autobiography and Faërian Imagery in ''[[Smith of Wootton Major]]''" by Nancy Bunting

===Future: New Directions in Tolkien Studies===
# <li value="8">"Tolkien as Forgotten Utopian" by Toby Widdicombe</li>
# "[[Christopher Tolkien]] as Editor: The Perils of Kinship" by Toby Widdicombe
* List of Abbreviations
* Bibliography
* About the authors
* Index

==External links==
* [http://www.walking-tree.org/books/celebrating_tolkiens_legacy.php?openmenuitems=publ Official product page]

[[C:Scholarly books]]
[[C:Publications by title]]

File:Cc52 560.jpg

2024-12-13T06:05:03Z

Pachyderminator: Pachyderminator moved page File:Cc52 560.jpg to File:Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg

#REDIRECT [[File:Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg]]

File:Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg

2024-12-13T06:05:03Z

Pachyderminator: Pachyderminator moved page File:Cc52 560.jpg to File:Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg

== Summary ==
Cover of ''[[Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy]]'', published by [[Walking Tree Publishers]].
{{fairuse-cover}}
[[C:Images of Cormarë Series covers]]

File:Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy.jpg

2024-12-13T06:00:05Z

Pachyderminator: Cover of ''Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy'', published by Walking Tree Publishers. {{fairuse-cover}} C:Images of Cormarë Series covers

== Summary ==
Cover of ''[[Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy]]'', published by [[Walking Tree Publishers]].
{{fairuse-cover}}
[[C:Images of Cormarë Series covers]]

Template:Cormarë

2024-12-13T05:56:42Z

Pachyderminator: added link to #52

{| style="margin:0 auto;" class="toccolours" align="center";
|align="center" colspan="2" style="background:var(--tg-color-surface-5)" | '''''[[Cormarë Series]]'' volumes'''
|-
|style="font-size: 90%" align="center"; | [[News from the Shire and Beyond - Studies on Tolkien|1]] · [[Root and Branch - Approaches towards Understanding Tolkien|2]] · [[Four Christian Fantasists|3]] · [[Tolkien in Translation|4]] · [[Tolkien Through Russian Eyes|5]] · [[Translating Tolkien: Text and Film|6]] · [[Recovery and Transcendence for the Contemporary Mythmaker|7]] · [[Reconsidering Tolkien|8]] · [[Tolkien and Modernity 1|9]] · [[Tolkien and Modernity 2|10]] · [[Roots and Branches|11]] · [[Inside Language|12]] · [[How We Became Middle-earth|13]] · [[Myth and Magic: Art according to the Inklings|14]] · [[The Silmarillion: Thirty Years On|15]] · [[The Lord of the Rings and the Western Narrative Tradition|16]] · [[Tolkien's Shorter Works|17]] · [[Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings – Sources of Inspiration|18]] · [[Tolkien's View|19]] · [[Music in Middle-earth|20]] · [[The Ecological Augury in the Works of JRR Tolkien|21]] · [[The Loss and the Silence|22]] · [[Hobbit Place-names|23]] · [[Tolkien and Wagner|24]] · [[Wagner and Tolkien|25]] · [[The Broken Scythe|26]] · [[Sub-creating Middle-earth|27]] · [[Tolkien's Poetry|28]] · [[O What a Tangled Web|29]] · [[In the Nameless Wood|30]] · [[From Peterborough to Faëry|31]] · [[Tolkien and Philosophy|32]] · [[Deep Roots in a Time of Frost|33]] · [[Representations of Nature in Middle-earth|34]] · [[Laughter in Middle-earth|35]] · [[J.R.R. Tolkien: Romanticist and Poet|36]] · [[Binding Them All|37]] · [[Pagan Saints in Middle-earth|38]] · [[Music in Tolkien's Work and Beyond|39]] · [[Sub-creating Arda|40]] · [["Something Has Gone Crack"|41]] · [[Tolkien and the Classics|42]] · [[Law, Government, and Society in J.R.R. Tolkien's Works|43]] · [[Middle-earth, or There and Back Again|44]] · [[Tolkien and the Classical World|45]] · [[The Gallant Edith Bratt|46]] · [[Nólë Hyarmenillo|47]] · [[The Songs of the Spheres|48]] · [[Germanic Heroes, Courage, and Fate|49]] · [[Tweaking Things a Little|50]] · [[The Romantic Spirit in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien|51]] · [[Celebrating Tolkien's Legacy|52]]
|}

<noinclude>[[Category:Published materials templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude>

Friendship in The Lord of the Rings

2024-12-13T05:50:58Z

Pachyderminator:

{{book
| title=Friendship in The Lord of the Rings
| image=Friendship in The Lord of the Rings cover.jpg
| author=Cristina Casagrande
| foreword=[[Ronald Kyrmse]]
| introduction=
| editor=
| contributors=
| translator=Eduardo Boheme
| illustrator=
| publisher=Luna Press Publishing
| publisherUK=
| publisherUS=
| date=[[March 15]], [[2022]]
| dateUK=
| dateUS=
| format=Paperback
| pages=216
| isbn=1913387933
| isbn2=978-1913387938
| noisbn=
| issn=
| ice=
| series=
| precededby=
| followedby=
| usablenext=
| gallery=
}}
'''''Friendship in The Lord of the Rings''''' is a book by Cristina Casagrande. It was released in the original Portuguese by Martin Claret in [[2019]], and in English by [[Luna Press Publishing]] in [[2022]].
==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|
The Lord of The Rings, by J. R. R. Tolkien, involves many characters with a common goal: the destruction of the Ring of Power. They connect with each other through their individual journeys and become friends.

This book analyses how friendship in Tolkien's seminal work collaborates in the development of the characters, as well as contributing to the success of their final goal.

Using Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica as a reading lens for Tolkien's book, the work also considers Peter Jackson's movie adaptations and their reading of the connection between the characters. Cristina Casagrande's comparative analysis brings together different elements to the study of friendship in Tolkien's narrative, contributing to the development of the reader's and viewer's own ethical thinking and character.}}

==Contents==
* Seed-gift by Cesar Machado
* Foreword - Fantasy Friend by [[Ronald Kyrmse]]
* Preface
* Chapter 1: Nice to meet you. A brief introduction
* Chapter 2: Ethics and aesthetics in Tolkien's imagination
* Chapter 3: Corruption and division: the self, the double and the other
* Chapter 4: United by the same ideal
* Chapter 5: Equals in virtue
* Chapter 6: Our leave-taking
* Acknowledgements
* Bibliography

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vjp56l4bikY Book Launch Video]
* [https://www.lunapresspublishing.com/product-page/friendship-in-the-lord-of-the-rings Luna Press Publishing Product Page]
* [https://www.amazon.com.br/Amizade-Senhor-dos-An%C3%A9is/dp/8544002048 Portuguese version]
* [https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Cristina-Casagrande/dp/9878898326 Spanish translation]

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]

Friendship in The Lord of the Rings

2024-12-13T05:50:05Z

Pachyderminator: additions to infobox and corrections to lede

{{book
| title=Friendship in The Lord of the Rings
| image=Friendship in The Lord of the Rings cover.jpg
| author=Cristina Casagrande
| foreword=[[Ronald Kyrmse]]
| introduction=
| editor=
| contributors=
| translator=Eduardo Boheme
| illustrator=
| publisher=Luna Press Publishing
| publisherUK=
| publisherUS=
| date=[[March 15]], [[2022]]
| dateUK=
| dateUS=
| format=Paperback
| pages=216
| isbn=1913387933
| isbn2=978-1913387938
| noisbn=
| issn=
| ice=
| series=
| precededby=
| followedby=
| usablenext=
| gallery=
}}
'''''Friendship in The Lord of the Rings''''' is a book by Cristina Casagrande. It was released in the original Portuguese by Martin Claret in [[2019]], and in English by [[Luna Press Publishing]] in [[2022]].
==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|
The Lord of The Rings, by J. R. R. Tolkien, involves many characters with a common goal: the destruction of the Ring of Power. They connect with each other through their individual journeys and become friends.

This book analyses how friendship in Tolkien's seminal work collaborates in the development of the characters, as well as contributing to the success of their final goal.

Using Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica as a reading lens for Tolkien's book, the work also considers Peter Jackson's movie adaptations and their reading of the connection between the characters. Cristina Casagrande's comparative analysis brings together different elements to the study of friendship in Tolkien's narrative, contributing to the development of the reader's and viewer's own ethical thinking and character.}}

==Contents==
* Seed-gift by Cesar Machado
* Foreword - Fantasy Friend by [[Ronald Kyrmse]]
* Preface
* Chapter 1: Nice to meet you. A brief introduction
* Chapter 2: Ethics and aesthetics in Tolkien's imagination
* Chapter 3: Corruption and division: the self, the double and the other
* Chapter 4: United by the same ideal
* Chapter 5: Equals in virtue
* Chapter 6: Our leave-taking
* Acknowledgements
* Bibliography

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vjp56l4bikY Book Launch Video]
* [https://www.lunapresspublishing.com/product-page/friendship-in-the-lord-of-the-rings Luna Press Publishing Product Page]
* [https://www.amazon.com.br/Amizade-Senhor-dos-An%C3%A9is/dp/8544002048 Portuguese translation]
* [https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Cristina-Casagrande/dp/9878898326 Spanish translation]

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]

Friendship in The Lord of the Rings

2024-12-13T05:42:39Z

Pachyderminator: added contents

{{book
| title=Friendship in The Lord of the Rings
| image=Friendship in The Lord of the Rings cover.jpg
| author=Cristina Casagrande
| foreword=
| introduction=
| editor=
| contributors=
| translator=
| illustrator=
| publisher=Luna Press Publishing
| publisherUK=
| publisherUS=
| date=[[March 15]], [[2022]]
| dateUK=
| dateUS=
| format=Paperback
| pages=216
| isbn=1913387933
| isbn2=978-1913387938
| noisbn=
| issn=
| ice=
| series=
| precededby=
| followedby=
| usablenext=
| gallery=
}}
'''Friendship in The Lord of the Rings''' is a book by Cristina Casagrande published in [[2022]]. It has been translated into multiple languages, including Portuguese and Spanish.
==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|
The Lord of The Rings, by J. R. R. Tolkien, involves many characters with a common goal: the destruction of the Ring of Power. They connect with each other through their individual journeys and become friends.

This book analyses how friendship in Tolkien's seminal work collaborates in the development of the characters, as well as contributing to the success of their final goal.

Using Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica as a reading lens for Tolkien's book, the work also considers Peter Jackson's movie adaptations and their reading of the connection between the characters. Cristina Casagrande's comparative analysis brings together different elements to the study of friendship in Tolkien's narrative, contributing to the development of the reader's and viewer's own ethical thinking and character.}}

==Contents==
* Seed-gift by Cesar Machado
* Foreword - Fantasy Friend by [[Ronald Kyrmse]]
* Preface
* Chapter 1: Nice to meet you. A brief introduction
* Chapter 2: Ethics and aesthetics in Tolkien's imagination
* Chapter 3: Corruption and division: the self, the double and the other
* Chapter 4: United by the same ideal
* Chapter 5: Equals in virtue
* Chapter 6: Our leave-taking
* Acknowledgements
* Bibliography

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vjp56l4bikY Book Launch Video]
* [https://www.lunapresspublishing.com/product-page/friendship-in-the-lord-of-the-rings Luna Press Publishing Product Page]
* [https://www.amazon.com.br/Amizade-Senhor-dos-An%C3%A9is/dp/8544002048 Portuguese translation]
* [https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Cristina-Casagrande/dp/9878898326 Spanish translation]

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]