Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection

2024-09-13T00:30:33Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Games */

=Collection=

===Lord of the Rings===

*[[Fellowship of the Ring]]
*[[The Two Towers]]
*[[The Return of the King]]

===Other Great Tales of Middle-Earth===

*[[The Silmarillion]]
*[[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]
*[[Beren and Lúthien]]
*[[The Fall of Gondolin]]
*[[The Children of Húrin]]
*[[The Book of Lost Tales: Part One]]
*[[The Book of Lost Tales: Part Two]]
*[[The War of the Jewels]]

===Miscellaneous===

*[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]
*[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]] (on Audible)

===[[David Day]]===

*The Battles of Tolkien, ISBN {{{isbn|9781645171317}}}
*The Illustrated World of Tolkien, ISBN {{{isbn|9781626868533}}}

===Games===

*[[Middle-earth: Shadow of War|<s>Middle-earth: Shadow of War</s>]]

User:QuickbeamTheGreen

2024-09-13T00:08:15Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="100%">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td width="100%">
==About Me==
Quickbeam The Green is my name, though my friends call me Hornbeam, and I am one of the last Ents to exist in [[Eä]], the world that is. I am the direct descendant of [[Quickbeam|Quickbeam (Bregalad)]]. I am typing to you from beyond the sight of men, in the Forests of [[Oromë]]. I love the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], though I still have much to learn, and I would like to learn it, and I am learning it. As of now, my knowledge is confined within the bounds of the [[Legendarium|Arda Legendarium]] (except for in [[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]). I hope we can get better service; the internet in Valinor sucks. In [[Eldamar]] it's fine, but if you're in the less populated area, there will be barely any internet. Valinorizon doesn't reach out here, so we have to use AT&ME. It sucks.
</td></tr></table>

===[[User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection|My Collection]]===
[[File:The Silmarillion 2013.jpeg|thumb]]
</td>
<td valign="top">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 300px; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left; clear:right;" align="right">
<tr><td style="padding-right: 15px;">
<center>
{{user infobox
|name=QuickbeamTheGreen
|image=
|othernames=Hornbeam (to friends)
|birth=S.A. 347
|death=If there is a Dagor Dagorath
|gender=Male
|height=15 feet
|hair=Bark
|eyes=Bright Green
| align="center" bgcolor="#d1d1d1"
|[[Tolkien Gateway:Userboxes|Userboxes]]
|userboxes={{user lore-2}} {{user dagor-yes}} {{user balrogwings2}} {{user evil2}} {{user feanor evil}} {{user singing orcs}} {{user wizards}} {{user en-N}} {{user fr-2}} {{ user aelfwine-no}} {{user entwives4}} {{user feanor evil}} {{user round world-no}} {{user opera}} {{user randompage}} {{user years}} {{user ref}} {{user userboxes}}
}}
<div style="float:left;border:solid #CC9000 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:250px;background:#990000"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FF0000;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" |'''{{Special:Editcount/QuickbeamTheGreen}}'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" |Edit Count
|}

User:QuickbeamTheGreen

2024-09-13T00:07:29Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

Elves of Rivendell

2024-05-07T23:20:14Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* History */ fixed typo

{{sources}}{{expansion}}
The '''Elves of Rivendell''' were, as their name suggests, [[Elves]] who dwelt in [[Rivendell]] between its founding in the [[Second Age]] and abandonment in the early [[Fourth Age]].

==History==
===Second Age===
Previously having been affiliated with either the [[Elves of Lindon]] or the [[Elves of Eregion]], the original Elves of Rivendell came together during the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]]. Under [[Elrond]], a host marched from [[Lindon]] to the help of the Elves of [[Eregion]]. However, the forces of [[Sauron]] drove this force and an allied host under [[Celeborn]] northward. Other survivors of the [[Sack of Eregion]] joined them in a dell, where Elrond oversaw the creation of a refuge.

The [[First Siege of Imladris]] saw the Elves encircled by a part of the might of Sauron. However, the rest of the force sent to invade [[Eriador]] fell before the combined might of [[Gil-galad]] and [[Tar-Minastir]] of [[Númenor]]. The Elves of Rivendell were then able to march against their beseigers, whom they defeated with the aid of reinforcements sent by Gil-galad.

[[Category:Elven peoples]]

Rhovanion

2024-04-10T06:57:44Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Second Age */ fixed link

{{expansion}}
{{location infobox
| name=Rhovanion
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Map of Wilderland.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Map of Wilderland" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Wilderland
| location=North-east [[Middle-earth]]
| type=Region
| description=Large, inhabited region focussed around [[Mirkwood]]
| regions=[[Eastern Eriador]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Mirkwood]], [[Vales of Anduin]]
| settlements=[[Caras Galadhon]], [[Dáin's Halls]], [[Dale]], [[Dol Guldur]], [[Elvenking's Halls]], [[Erebor]], [[Framsburg]], [[Lake-town]]
| inhabitants=[[Durin's Folk]], [[Elves]], [[Hobbits]], [[Northmen]], [[Orcs]], [[Eagles]], [[Dragons]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]] [[Great Plague|The Great Plague]] [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]] [[Sack of Erebor]] [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|The Fell Winter]] [[Battle of Five Armies]] [[Fall of Dol Guldur]] [[Battle of Dale]]
}}

'''Rhovanion''' or '''Wilderland''' was the name of the lands on the east side of the [[Misty Mountains]], but was often used to include the wild lands on the west side, [[Eastern Eriador]].<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Wilderland'', p. 14</ref> The Great River [[Anduin]] flowed through it, and the immense forest of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] was a part of it.<ref name=NWilderland>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Wilderland''', p. 779</ref><ref name=Wilderland>{{H|Wilderland}}</ref>

Many wild horses and wild kine roamed the plains of Rhovanion.<ref>{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed/|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|website=The Tolkien Society|accessed=5 August 2018}}</ref>

==Geography==
The boundaries of Rhovanion were probably:
*To the east: the [[River Running]],<ref name=NWilderland/><ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for king Narmacil I, "between Rhovanion and the Inland Sea"</ref>
*To the north: the [[Grey Mountains]],<ref name=Map/> and
*To the south: the line marked by the river [[Limlight]] and the river [[Anduin]] from its confluence with the Limlight<ref>{{FR|River}}, p. 381 "Ere long we shall come to the mouth of the Limlight that runs down from Fangorn to join the Great River. That is the north boundary of Rohan"</ref> to the [[Emyn Muil]]<ref>{{FR|River}}, p. 385 "the Emyn Muil, the southern march of Wilderland"</ref><ref>{{FR|River}}, p. 393 paddling on [[Nen Hithoel]] "Wilderland was behind them"</ref> and the [[Ered Lithui]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}, "the whole length of Wilderland, down even to the Mountains of Shadow and the fences of Mordor</ref><ref name=Map>{{FR|Map}}, the region to the east has the label Rhûn, the region to the north has the label Forodwaith and the region to the south of the Ered Lithui has the label Mordor</ref>

Important rivers were the [[Anduin]] or Great River and the [[River Running|Celduin]] or River Running.<ref name=Map/>

Major features were the forest of [[Mirkwood]], and the [[Long Lake]] of [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]].<ref name=Wilderland/>

==History==
=== First Age ===
After they had [[Awakening of the Elves|awakened]] in [[Cuiviénen]] in the far east of Middle-earth, some [[Elves]] passed through Rhovanion during their [[Great Journey]] to the west of Middle-earth. In {{YT|1115}}<ref name="Annals">{{AA|60-2}}</ref> the Elves travelled through [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] and reached the river [[Anduin]]. The [[Teleri]] stayed on the eastern side of the river for a long time and were afraid of the [[Misty Mountains]]. The [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor]] crossed the river and travelled over passes of the Misty Mountains with help from [[Oromë]]. A numerous part of the Teleri under the leadership of [[Lenwë]] abandoned] the march to the west, went [[Sundering of the Elves|away]] south down the river and became known as the [[Nandor]]. The rest of the Teleri continued their march to the west and passed over the Misty Mountains.<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref>

After the awakening of the Elves the ancestors of the [[Longbeards|Longbeard]] [[Dwarves]] awoke at [[Mount Gundabad]] at the northern end of the Misty Mountains. They expanded east to the [[Iron Hills]] where they mined for iron-ore and southwards down the [[Vales of Anduin]] where they founded their chief underground city [[Moria]] further south in the Misty Mountains. They also considered the Grey Mountains and the east vales of the Misty Mountains as their territory.<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}, pp. 302-303</ref>

After they had [[Awakening of Men|awakened]] in [[Hildórien]] in the far east of Middle-earth, some groups of [[Men]] travelled through Rhovanion on their way to the west of Middle-earth until they reached Greenwood the Great and then split into different groups. Some of them passed between the northern edge of Greenwood the Great and the Grey Mountains. Others passed south of the southern edge of Greenwood the Great until they reached the river Anduin and then migrated to the north up the Vales of Anduin. Only a small part of them moved on to Eriador and Beleriand. Most of those Men that remained in the north of Rhovanion were related to the House of Hador and became known as the Northmen. They were skilled riders and mostly lived in scattered farms, villages and small townships, which were fortified by wooden fences and dikes at best. The Longbeard Dwarves soon started to trade tools, weapons, arms and other items that required a lot of skill or were costly was well and their services as builders, miners and roadmakers in exchange for food produced by Men as farmers and herdsmen.<ref name=relations/>

The [[Orcs]] stopped harassing the region when most were concentrated to the [[War of the Jewels]] in [[Beleriand]], and Rhovanion existed in relative peace;<ref name=relations/> it was not otherwise mentioned until the [[Second Age]].

=== Second Age ===
After the destruction of [[Angband]] in the [[War of Wrath]], large well-armed hordes of Orcs fled to the east in search of new homes and attacked the Longbeard Dwarves. Initially the Men of Rhovanion were only lightly armed, primarily with bows, because they had little metal and only had few unskilled smiths. Early in the Second Age, the Longbeard Dwarves who were outnumbered by the Orcs formed an alliance with the Men of Rhovanion and provided them with arms and armour made from metal in exchange for the aid in the fight against the Orcs. The Men of Rhovanion acted as mounted scouts that kept watch for the movements of Orcs. Whenever they discovered groups of Orcs they gathered a large troop of mounted archers, surrounded them and destroyed them.<ref name=relations/> For many lives of Men the territory of the Longbeards included the east side of the Misty Mountains to the edge of [[Lothlórien]], the Grey Mountains, the [[Lonely Mountain]] and the Iron Hills. Then Men of Rhovanion lived adjacent to them all the way to the south to the [[Old Forest Road]] that led through Greenwood the Great to the Iron Hills.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, note 30</ref>

Rhovanion played host to two [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] Elf kingdoms ruled by [[Sindar]]in lords: Northern Greenwood and Lórinand (or [[Lothlórien|Lórien]]).

The great battlefield (or [[Dagorlad]]) of the [[War of the Last Alliance]] against the host of [[Sauron]] lay in the south of Rhovanion, and in the [[Gladden Fields]] of the Great River the High King of Gondor and [[Arnor]], [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], was killed.

=== Third Age ===
Sometime around {{TA|1050}}, due to the darkness around [[Dol Guldur]], the [[Harfoots]] left the [[Vales of Anduin]] westwards, beginning the [[Wandering Days]]. The [[Fallohides]] would follow, but the [[Stoors]] remained until {{TA|1150}}. Some Stoors would continue to dwell in the vales of the Anduin until at least the late Third Age.

In the mid-13th century there were many northern princes, the most prominent of them being [[Vidugavia]], who ruled between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[River Running]], although he called himself "[[King of Rhovanion]]"<ref name="AppGondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref> About this time [[Regent]] [[Minalcar]] of [[Gondor]] led a great expedition into Rhovanion in {{TA|1248}} and utterly defeated the [[Easterlings]], with substantial help from the [[Northmen]] and from Vidugavia in particular. Vidugavia became Gondor's strong ally.<ref name="AppGondor"/>

In {{TA|1248}}, [[Rómendacil II]], who as Minalcar served as Regent to his uncle of [[Atanatar II]] of Gondor, destroyed all camps of the Easterlings even beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]], and a strong alliance with Rhovanion was forged. The King of Rhovanion at this time was [[Vidugavia]] - ruling the lands between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[River Running]]<ref name="AppGondor"/> - and Prince [[Valacar]] of Gondor served in his army and integrated with their culture. Vidugavia's daughter [[Vidumavi]] married Valacar, and their son Vinitharya became King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] in {{TA|1432|n}}, which led to the [[Kin-strife]] in {{TA|1437|n}}. Eldacar fled to Rhovanion, and with a Rhovanion army, he reclaimed his Kingdom in {{TA|1447|n}}.

In {{TA|1636}}, the [[Great Plague]] devastated Rhovanion, killing more than half its people. This left Rhovanion weakened, and in {{TA|1851|n}} the [[Wainriders]] overran and enslaved Rhovanion. For 43 years Rhovanion was enslaved, but in {{TA|1899|n}} Rhovanion revolted, while Gondor attacked the Wainriders from the west. Rhovanion was freed but left extremely weakened. Many Men of Rhovanion left for Gondor, where they were welcomed as distant relatives.

In {{TA|1851}}, the [[Battle of the Plains]] was fought by Gondor and the Northmen against the Wainriders; [[Narmacil II|King Narmacil II]] of Gondor and the Northman [[Marhari]] (a descendant of Vidugavia)<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Northmen}}</ref> were both killed in this battle.<ref group=note>The [[Lord of the Eotheod|Lords of the Eotheod]] claimed descent from the '...kings of Rhovanion, whose realm lay beyond Mirkwood before the invasions of the Wainriders...' according to Appendix A to ''''The Lord of the Rings''''.</ref> Refugees from this defeat were reorganized as the [[Éothéod]] on the other side of Mirkwood in the lower [[Vales of Anduin]], under the leadership of [[Marhwini]], son of Marhari.<ref name="Cirion"/> Many of the Northmen remained in their old lands as a subject people of the Wainriders. Others fled north, with some mingling with the [[Men of Dale|people of Dale]].<ref name="Cirion"/>

====Later history====
In the later Third Age, in the north lay the [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] kingdoms of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and the Dwarf halls in the Ered Mithrin, the kingdom of [[Dale]], and in the north of the great river [[Anduin]] lay the realm of the [[Éothéod]]. In the north of Greenwood lived the Silvan Elves ruled by [[Thranduil]], and in the south of Greenwood and across the river in Lórinand ruled [[Amdír]] and later [[Amroth]]. In the far south, near the great falls of [[Sarn Gebir]], watched the northern guard of [[Gondor]], and in the valleys of the Anduin lived Stoors.

In around {{TA|2460}}, [[Sauron]] returned as the Necromancer he took residence at [[Dol Guldur]] in the south of Greenwood. And Greenwood became evil and was renamed Mirkwood. The Dwarves of Erebor and the Men of Dale were destroyed and scattered when the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]] took Erebor, and Gondor retreated from the Falls. Some Men still lived along the forest, notably the [[Beornings]] and the Men of [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] upon the [[Long Lake]]. The Men of Éothéod removed south at the invite of Gondor and settled the plains of [[Calenardhon]], later [[Rohan]]. After being driven out of Erebor the Dwarves relocated, some went to the Iron Hills, but most went to the [[Ered Luin]] in [[Eriador]].

At the end of the Third Age, the Kingdoms of Erebor and Dale were restored as a result of the death of Smaug and the [[Battle of Five Armies]], and Sauron was removed from Mirkwood by the wizard [[Gandalf]]. During the [[War of the Ring]], it held off an invasion by Sauron's forces, and after Sauron was defeated Mirkwood was clean again, and renamed ''Eryn Lasgalen'', or "Wood of Greenleaves". Some time during the [[Fourth Age]], the [[Reunited Kingdom]] claimed large parts of it.<ref name="AppGondor"/>

==Etymology==
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Rhovanion.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
''Rhovanion'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Wilderland", consisting of ''[[rhovan]]'' ("wild")<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 78, entry "Rhovanion"</ref> and the ending for names of regions ''[[-ion]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 42, entry "Eregion"; and p. 37, entry "Azanul-bizar"</ref>

''Wilderland'' is the translation of ''Rhovanion'' into the [[Common Speech]],<ref name=PE17/> which was also used by [[Hobbits]].<ref name=UI/> [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] made ''Wilderland'' based on [[Old English]] ''wilderness'' (a region inhabited by wild creatures, but not by Men)<ref name=PE17/> with a side-reference to the verbs ''wilder'', "wander astray" and ''bewilder''.<ref name=NWilderland/>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
{{companyroute}}
[[Category:Mannish realms]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rhovanion| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Rhovanion]]
[[fi:Rhovanion]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/rhovanion]]

Tarondor (King of Arnor)

2024-04-04T23:52:58Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* History */ added dates

{{disambig-two|the [[Kings of Arnor|King]] of [[Arnor]]|[[Kings of Gondor|King]] of [[Gondor]]|[[Tarondor (King of Gondor)]]}}
{{arnorian infobox
| name=Tarondor
| image=
| caption
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[King of Arnor]]
| position=
| location=[[Arnor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|372}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|515}} - {{TA|602|n}}
| death={{TA|602}}
| deathlocation=
| age=230
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Isildur]]
| parentage=[[Tarcil]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Valandur]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Tarondor''' ({{TA|372}}<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 292</ref>-{{TA|602|n}},<ref name="North">{{App|North}}</ref> died aged 230) was the seventh [[King of Arnor]].

==History==
Tarondor was the son of King [[Tarcil]], and succeeded his father when he died in [[Third Age 515]].

He ruled the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]] in a time of peace, long before the troubles came that would overwhelm and destroy it. He ruled for eighty-seven years, and was succeeded by his son, [[Valandur]], when he died in [[Third Age 602]].<ref name="North"/>

==Etymology==
''Tarondor'' is a [[Quenya]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it means "King of Stones" and is a compound of ''[[tar]]'' ("high", "king") and the plural form of ''[[ondo]]'' ("stone").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-426862149.html|articlename=Q. ''Tarondor'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=27 January 2022}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | ARA |ARA=[[Arantar]] ''{{TA|185|n}} - {{TA|435|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | TAR |TAR=[[Tarcil]] ''{{TA|280|n}} - {{TA|515|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | TAR |TAR='''TARONDOR''' ''{{TA|372|n}} - {{TA|602|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | TAR |TAR=[[Valandur]] ''{{TA|462|n}} - {{TA|652|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ELE |ELE=[[Elendur (King of Arnor)|Elendur]] ''{{TA|552|n}} - {{TA|777|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=arnorian
| house=[[House of Isildur]] Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]
| born={{TA|372}}
| died={{TA|602}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=2
| prev=[[Tarcil]]
| list=5th [[Heir of Isildur|Heir]] of [[Isildur]]
| dates={{TA|515}} - {{TA|602|n}}
| next=[[Valandur]]
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=7th [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]
| dates={{TA|515}} - {{TA|602|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{northernline}}

{{title}}
[[Category:House of Isildur]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Tarondor (König von Arnor)]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/dunedain_du_nord/tarondor]]
[[fi:Tarondor (Arnor)]]

Tarcil

2024-04-04T23:51:35Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* History */ added link for date

__NOTOC__
{{arnorian infobox
| name=Tarcil
| image=
| caption
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[King of Arnor]]
| position=
| location=[[Arnor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|280}}<ref name=PM>{{PM|VII}}, p. 192</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|435}} - {{TA|515|n}}
| death={{TA|515}}<ref name=App>{{App|A1iiN}}</ref>
| deathlocation=
| age=235
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Isildur]]
| parentage=[[Arantar]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Tarondor (King of Arnor)|Tarondor]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Tarcil''' ({{TA|280}}<ref name=PM/> – {{TA|515|n}},<ref name=App/> aged 235 years) was the sixth [[King of Arnor]].

==History==
Tarcil succeeded his father, [[Arantar]], when he died in [[Third Age 435]]. Tarcil was great-great-grandson of [[Isildur]].

Tarcil ruled uneventfully for eighty years, and was succeeded by his son, [[Tarondor (King of Arnor)|Tarondor]], upon his death in [[Third Age 515]].<ref name=App/>

== Etymology ==
''Tarcil'' is a [[Quenya]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but the spelling variant [[Tarkil]] also appears in early drafts of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' as the name of the sixth king of Arnor.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, manuscript C with corrections and expansions, The Northern Line of Arnor: the Isildurioni, 6. Tarkil, p. 192.</ref>

Based on its etymology, it means "[[High Man]]" or "Númenorean" and is a compound of ''[[tar|tar-]]'' ("high") and a shortened from of ''[[Hildo]]'' ("Man").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-788910631.html|articlename=Q. ''Tarcil'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=27 January 2022}}</ref> See ''[[tarkil]]'' for more.

In early drafts "the Tarkil" was a nickname for [[Aragorn]] before replaced by "the Dúnadan".<ref>{{TI|Gandalf}}, p. 8</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 603</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | ELD |ELD=[[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]] ''{{TA|87|n}} - {{TA|339|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ARA |ARA=[[Arantar]] ''{{TA|185|n}} - {{TA|435|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | TAR |TAR='''TARCIL''' ''{{TA|280|n}} - {{TA|515|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | TAR |TAR=[[Tarondor (King of Arnor)|Tarondor]] ''{{TA|372|n}} - {{TA|602|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | TAR |TAR=[[Valandur]] ''{{TA|462|n}} - {{TA|652|n}}''†}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=arnorian
| house=[[House of Isildur]] Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]
| born={{TA|280}}
| died={{TA|515}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=2
| prev=[[Arantar]]
| list=4th [[Heir of Isildur|Heir]] of [[Isildur]]
| dates={{TA|435}} - {{TA|515|n}}
| next=[[Tarondor (King of Arnor)|Tarondor]]
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=6th [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]
| dates={{TA|435}} - {{TA|515|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{northernline}}

[[Category:House of Isildur]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Arantar

2024-04-04T23:48:10Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* History */ added link for date

__NOTOC__
{{arnorian infobox
| name=Arantar
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[King of Arnor]]
| position=
| location=[[Annúminas]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{TA|185}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|339}} - {{TA|435|n}}
| death={{TA|435}}
| deathlocation=
| age=250
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Isildur]]
| parentage=[[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Tarcil]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Arantar''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[aˈrantar]}}; {{TA|185}}<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 192</ref> – {{TA|435|n}},<ref name="North">{{App|North}}</ref> died aged 250 years) was the fifth [[King of Arnor]].

==History==
Arantar succeeded his father, [[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]], when he died in [[Third Age 339]]. Arantar was the great-grandson of [[Isildur]], last [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of both [[Gondor]] and Arnor.

He ruled uneventfully for ninety-six years, and was succeeded by his son, [[Tarcil]], when he died in [[Third Age 435]].<ref name="North"/>

==Etymology==
''Arantar'' is a [[Quenya]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests its means "High King" and is a compound of ''[[aran]]'' ("king") and the affix ''[[tar|-tar]] ("high", "lord").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-981085157.html|articlename=Q. ''Arantar'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=27 January 2022}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | VAL |VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] ''{{SA|3430}} - {{TA|249}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ELD |ELD=[[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]] ''{{TA|87}} - {{TA|339|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ARA |ARA='''ARANTAR''' ''{{TA|185|n}} - {{TA|435|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | TAR |TAR=[[Tarcil]] ''{{TA|280|n}} - {{TA|515|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | TAR |TAR=[[Tarondor (King of Arnor)|Tarondor]] ''{{TA|372|n}} - {{TA|602|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=arnorian
| house=[[House of Isildur]] Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]
| born={{TA|185}}
| died={{TA|435}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=2
| prev=[[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]]
| list=3rd [[Heir of Isildur|Heir]] of [[Isildur]]
| dates={{TA|339}} - {{TA|435|n}}
| next=[[Tarcil]]
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=5th [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]
| dates={{TA|339}} - {{TA|435|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{northernline}}

[[Category:House of Isildur]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Arantar]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/dunedain_du_nord/arantar]]
[[fi:Arantar]]

Eöl

2024-04-04T02:23:49Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Of Eöl, Aredhel and their son */ fixed a space

{{disambig-two|Eöl the Dark Elf|name of the Dark Elves as a whole|[[Moriquendi]]}}
{{sindar infobox
| name=Eöl
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - Destiny.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Destiny" by [[Elena Kukanova]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''The Dark Elf''
| titles=
| position=Ruler of [[Nan Elmoth]]
| location=East of the [[Misty Mountains]]<ref name=Maeglin/>{{rp|322}} [[Forest of Region]] [[Nan Elmoth]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Common Telerin]][[Sindarin]]
| birth=Before {{YT|1115}}<ref name=Maeglin/>{{rp|322}}
| birthlocation=East of the [[Misty Mountains]]<ref name=Maeglin/>{{rp|322}}
| rule=
| death={{FA|400}}
| deathlocation=[[Caragdûr]] ([[Gondolin]])
| age=at least c. 4,089<ref group="note">[[Years of the Sun]]. Each [[Years of the Trees|Year of the Trees]] is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the [[Year of the Trees 1500|year 1500]].</ref>
| notablefor=Forging of [[Anglachel]] and [[Anguirel]] Inventing [[Galvorn]]
| house=
| parentage=Unknown (Eöl was a kinsman of [[Thingol]]<ref name=Maeglin/><ref>{{WJ|Editor}}, Note 33</ref>)
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Aredhel]]
| children=[[Maeglin]]
| gender=Male
| height=Tall, but stooped by smithwork
| hair=Dark-haired{{fact}}
| eyes=
| clothing=Clad in [[Galvorn]] whenever he went abroad<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>
| weapons=[[Anguirel]] and a poisoned javelin
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|You are of the house of Eöl, Maeglin, my son, and not of the Golodhrim. All this land is the land of the Teleri, and I will not deal nor have my son deal with the slayers of our kin, the invaders and usurpers of our homes. In this you shall obey me, or I will set you in bonds.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Maeglin]]"}}</center>

'''Eöl''', known as the '''Dark Elf''', was the great smith who dwelled within [[Nan Elmoth]]. He was akin to [[Thingol]] of the [[Teleri]] of the [[First Age]].<ref name=Maeglin/><ref name=SilmMaeglin/><ref group=note>[[Christopher Tolkien]] mentions that his father elaborated further on this kinship in that "''Eöl should not be one of [[Thingol|Thingol's]] kin, but one of the [[Teleri]] who refused to cross the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]]. But [later] he and a few others of like mood, averse to concourse of people, … [had] crossed the [Mts] long ago and come to [[Beleriand]]''". Despite this statement, a small note was written against it in [[1971]] saying that "''the relationship to Thingol would have point''". It might be possible that the "''few others of like mood''" became the servants of his house, as they were described as being as "''silent and secret as their master''".</ref>

His face was noble yet grim, "''and his eyes could see deep into shadows and dark places''", being night-sighted. Eöl built up a friendship with the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]]. That friendship gave him an insight into their craft, and he came to forge the swords [[Anguirel]] and [[Anglachel]], the latter of which became [[Túrin]]'s sword [[Gurthang]].

In {{FA|316}}, [[Turgon]]'s sister, [[Aredhel]], strayed into his kingdom whom he took for his wife. Later, in {{FA|400}}, Aredhel and their son [[Maeglin]] fled Nan Elmoth for [[Gondolin]] but were pursued by Eöl. In Gondolin, he tried to kill Maeglin with a poisoned javelin, but instead killed Aredhel; for this crime he was executed by being thrown from the cliff of [[Caragdûr]]. The darkness in Eöl's heart was inherited by his son Maeglin and sowed the seeds for the [[Fall of Gondolin]].

== History ==
=== Early life ===
Eöl was of the kin of King [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]].<ref>{{WJ|Editor}}, Note 33 </ref><ref name=Maeglin/> He was "''restless and ill at ease in [[Doriath]]''",<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> and when the [[Girdle of Melian]] was raised around the kingdom, he left his dwelling in the [[Forest of Region]] to dwell in the dark forest of [[Nan Elmoth]], east of Doriath, where he had a smithy, dim halls, and servants similar to himself.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> Eöl's house was located in the middle of Nan Elmoth around fifteen miles from the northernmost edge where the [[Celon]] River ran.<ref name=Maeglin/> He had a preference for the land as it had been before the Sun, and "''he loved the night and twilight under the stars''". He had little love for the Noldor whom he blamed for the return of Morgoth.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

He was unique among the Elves of old in that he had befriended the [[Dwarves]]. Their travels into [[East Beleriand]] followed two roads, and the northern way would bring them close to Nan Elmoth. There he would meet with them. Eöl was interested in learning from them, and he shared a rare friendship with the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]]. As a guest in the many mansions of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]], he developed his great skill in metalwork while they learned "''much of what passed in the lands of the Eldar''" from him.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> From this great skill, he devised [[Galvorn]], a jet-black metal that was "''as hard as the steel of the Dwarves"'', yet extremely malleable to the point that it was thin and supple. It was from this metal that he forged armor of his own making which he wore whenever he went abroad from Nan Elmoth,<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> ''"and so escaped many wounds''"<ref name=Maeglin/> as the armor proved to be resistant to all darts and blades.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

Though Eöl was a skilled craftsman and a master sword-smith,<ref name=Quendi/> among his greatest works were the two swords made from the iron of a meteorite, [[Anglachel]] and [[Anguirel]]. Anglachel he gave to Thingol as a begrudged payment for dwelling in Nan Elmoth,<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref> and it would later become the sword borne by [[Beleg]], and after him, [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]].

=== Of Eöl, Aredhel and their son ===
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Nan-Elmoth.jpg|left|thumb|295px|''Nan Elmoth'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]
During the year {{FA|316|n}} of the First Age, Eöl saw [[Aredhel]], the sister of [[Turgon]] the King of [[Gondolin]], near the dim borders of Nan Elmoth. She was very fair and he desired her. Aredhel had become separated from her companions, and Eöl used his enchantments to draw her deeper into the woods and unable to find a way out, until she came, weary with wandering, to his home. He showed himself and welcomed her. She entered his home willingly and stayed. It was only then that he showed himself, to lead her into his home, taking her to wife, though Aredhel was not wholly unwilling. While Eöl forbade her to seek her [[Noldor]] kin and commanded that she shunned sunlight, "''they wandered far together under the stars or by the light of the sickle moon''", and he allowed her to even wander alone within the forest.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

During the year {{FA|320|n}} of the First Age, Aredhel bore him a son whom in her heart she named ''Lómion'' in the [[Quenya|forbidden tongue]] of the Noldor. Twelve years later, Eöl gave to his son the name of [[Maeglin]], perceiving that his son's eyes were more piercing than his own.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

When Maeglin reached adulthood, Eöl often took him along whenever he visited "''the cities of the [[Dwarves]] in the east of [[Blue Mountains|Ered Lindon]]''". Yet, unknown to Eöl, he loved his mother better as she told him tales of her kin, yet omitting how to get to them. When Maeglin told Eöl that he desired to see his mother's kin with his own eyes and speak to the [[Sons of Fëanor|sons]] of [[Fëanor]], Eöl forbade his request and became wrathful at the mere mention of the kinslayers, drilling into Maeglin that he was of the "''house of Eöl''" and threatening to set him in bonds should he disobey him. Though Maeglin obeyed the commands, the damage to their relationship was done, for now Eöl mistrusted him enough so much so that he no longer took him with him beyond Ered Lindon.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

=== The escape of Aredhel and Maeglin ===
During the summer of the year {{FA|400}}, the Dwarves, as per their custom, invited Eöl to a midsummer feast at [[Nogrod]], and he rode straight away to [[Blue Mountains|Ered Lindon]] in order to be on time to attend.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> However, he suspected that in his absence, his wife and son may seek to visit the sons of Fëanor. As such, "''he secretly ordered his servants to keep a close watch on his wife and son''" and he posted a watchman by the stream of [[Celon]] at the north-eaves of Nan Elmoth.<ref name=Maeglin/>
[[File:Catherine Chmiel - Tales of Gondolin.jpg|right|thumb|300px|''Tales of Gondolin'' by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel|Catherine Chmiel]]]]
During the first night of the three day feast, "''a dark shadow of ill foreboding''" came to Eöl in his sleep. As a consequence, he left Nogrod the next morning without ceremony, riding homeward with all speed. He returned home at nightfall of the next day, learning from his watchman that his wife and son had fled north less than two days earlier, passing into the [[Himlad]] towards the [[Pass of Aglon]]. Staying at his home only to mount a fresh horse, his swiftest steed, his wrath overcame him and he chased after them immediately.<ref name=Maeglin/>

Eöl regained control of his wrath as he entered into the Himlad, remembering the danger of [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]].<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> However, he was waylaid by the well-armed riders of Curufin before making it even halfway across the Himlad. The riders took Eöl by force with them to see their lord Curufin. It was around noon that day when the riders arrived at Curufin's camp where, with only a little courtesy, Eöl was greeted by Curufin.<ref name=Maeglin/> When the son of Fëanor questioned him, Eöl told him that Aredhel and Maeglin left Nan Elmoth to visit him and that he wished to join them in that errand. While Curufin told Eöl that they would have been welcomed coldly if he did accompany them, Curufin revealed that they never intended to visit him, and that they were seen passing the [[Arossiach]] riding swiftly westward almost two days before. Curufin suggested then that either Eöl was trying to deceive him or that he himself had been deceived.

After asking Curufin for his leave to depart the Himlad and to seek for the truth. Eöl thanked him, regarding him as kin by marriage. Curufin took offense to this since Aredhel's marriage was forced and he wished to have Eöl out of his sight ad he could not slay him according to the laws of the [[Eldar]].<ref name=SilmMaeglin/><ref group=note>[[Christopher Tolkien]] mentions that his father added a footnote to Curufin's line, explaining that "''the [[Eldar]] (which included the [[Sindar]]) were forbidden to slay one another in revenge for any grievance however great. Also at this time Eöl had ridden towards [[Pass of Aglon|Aglon]] with no ill intent, and it was not unjust that he should seek news of [[Aredhel|Aredel]] and [[Maeglin]]''".</ref><ref name=Maeglin/> Yet despite this anger, Curufin instead counseled Eöl to return home, foreseeing that if Eöl continued his pursuit after those who do not love him anymore, he would never return to Nan Elmoth again. Eöl did not heed him as the hatred of all the Noldor drove him on pass the [[Arossiach]], and he perceived then that his wife and son were fleeing to [[Gondolin]],<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> realizing that Curufin's purpose was to specifically delay him.<ref name=Maeglin/>

Upon reaching the [[Ford of Brithiach]], Eöl spotted his wife and son due to the betrayal of their horses. Now seeing Aredhel Eöl followed them closely, marking their paths. Eventually, Eöl found his way to the [[Dry River]], and the secret way led him by stealth to the [[Orfalch Echor]] and the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin]]. There, Eöl revealed himself to the [[Dark Guard]] at the [[Gate of Wood|Dark Gate]] and claimed Aredhel as his wife, demanding to be brought before the [[Turgon|King]].<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

=== Gondolin and Eöl's death ===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Eöl is Led to the Walls.jpg|right|thumb|290px|''Eöl is led to the Walls'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
At Aredhel's request, [[Turgon]] at first welcomed Eöl as a kinsman, but under the King's law, one who had found the way to the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]] was not permitted to leave. Eöl refused to acknowledge the law or the right of the Noldor to "''seize realms or to set bounds''" and claimed the land as Teleri. He blamed the Noldor for bringing war to a peaceful land. He then stated that he was only in Gondolin to claim his son, though he did not claim his wife since Aredhel was just as much Turgon's sister as she was Eöl's wife.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> However, it is possible that because he mentioned he referred to Gondolin as a cage that Aredhel sickened in, that he was hoping that Aredhel may leave Gondolin again a second time eventually.

Turgon pointed out that the borders of Eöl's own "''sunless woods''", Nan Elmoth, were defended by Noldor swords, and if it were not for their presence, he would be a thrall in the pits of Angband. Eöl was left with one choice only: abide in Gondolin or die in Gondolin. The same choice was left for his son.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

Enraged at the humiliation and the loss of his freedom, Eöl chose death, for himself and for his son, and after staring down Turgon, he cast a javelin, which he had hidden beneath his cloak, at Maeglin. Aredhel stepped in front of her son, and she was struck in the shoulder. Eöl Was taken by many, cast in bonds, and led away. The wound was treated and seemed minor, and Aredhel and Idril moved Turgon to mercy. Yet no one knew the point of the javelin had been poisoned until it was too late, and after Aredhel's wound sickened in the evening, she died that night.

Thus when Eöl came before Turgon he found no mercy, and was cast over the cliff of [[Caragdûr]] to his death. Before he was hurled over, he accused his son of forsaking his father and his kin, cursing him to fail at all his hopes and to share the same death as himself.<ref name=SilmMaeglin>{{S|Maeglin}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Eöl.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
The meaning of the name ''Eöl'' is unknown, and also to which language it pertains. The word is neither [[Quenya]] nor [[Sindarin]], but "''Another name from prim[itive] FG - meaningless then and now''" since "''it isn't really absolutely necessary that names should be significant''".<ref name=Maeglin/>

Usually the reference to a 'Dark Elf' (''Moredhel'' in Sindarin)<ref name=L297>{{L|297}}</ref><ref name=App>{{S|Appendix}}</ref> simply refers to an Elf who has not seen the light of Aman, but the concept of a darkened Elf would be one that may have been corrupted by Morgoth.<ref name=Maeglin/> Tolkien liked this concept as an explanation for his superb and insidious smith-craft, which was written in a margin note of Eöl's story,<ref name=Maeglin>{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref>{{rp|320}} but he chose instead to consider him more likely acquainted with the Dwarves.<ref name=Quendi/>{{rp|Note 9}}

=== Early etymology ===
In the early versions of the [[legendarium]] according to the linguistic materials related to ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', [[Tolkien]] considered the name ''Eöl'' (with variant spellings of ''Eol'' and ''Iol'') to be a [[Gnomish]] name, but without providing any etymology.<ref name=Iol>{{PE|15}}, ''[[Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin]]'', entry '''Eol or Iol''', p. 24</ref>

The [[Qenya]] cognate of ''Eol'' was ''Aiwala'',<ref name=Iol/> or alternatively ''Aiwl''<ref name=Aivala/><ref name=Iol/>.

However, in an another text, the Qenya cognate of ''Eol'' was given as ''Aival'' instead - but the reading of the second letter in ''Aival'' was unclear,<ref name=Aivala>{{PE|13}}, ''[[Official Name List]]'', Note 48, p. 104</ref> which led [[Christopher Tolkien]] to conclude that it was actually ''A'''r'''val''.<ref>{{LT2|IIIn}}, ''§3 Miscellaneous Matters'', '''(vi) Isfin and Eöl''', p. 220</ref>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| FNG |y| ANA | | | | | | | | | | | |FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|ANA=[[Anairë]]''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |F|~|~|~|~|7| | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |:| | | | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | ARE |y| EOL | | | THI |y| MEL |ARE=[[Aredhel]]''{{YT|1362}} - {{FA|400}}''|EOL='''EÖL'''''before {{YT|1115}} - {{FA|400}}''|MEL=[[Melian]]''createdbefore [[Eä]]''|THI=[[Thingol]]''d. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | MAE | | | | | | | LUT | | |MAE=[[Maeglin]]''{{FA|320}} - {{FA|510|n}}''|LUT=[[Lúthien]]''{{YT|1200}} - {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
=== ''The Book of Lost Tales'' ===
In the earliest version of the [[legendarium]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', Eöl was said to have been an ill-favored leader of the Minors "''of the [[House of the Mole|Mole-kin]] of the [[Gnomes]]''" who had the favor of [[Finwë|Fingolma]]. [[Isfin]] hated him, though he loved her from afar. [[Christopher Tolkien]] notes several parallels with [[Maeglin]].<ref>{{LT2|IIIn}}, pp. 22-1</ref>

=== Later legendarium ===
Tolkien does have other renditions of this character that include references to him as an [[Avar]] and even as a "''darkened Elf''".<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>{{rp|62}} At one point it is hinted that he could be one of the [[Laegil]].<ref name=Maeglin/>{{rp|322}} In note 9 of Tolkien's essay ''[[Quendi and Eldar]]'', another draft of Eöl's story appears, dated as written between 1959-1960. In this version, he is an Avar who had once been of the second clan of Elves, the [[Tatyar]]. This was later contradicted by Tolkien in a very late essay, where he is called an Elda. It is unknown if Tolkien changed this or simply forgot, but it is possible to reconcile them by noting that, according to ''Quendi and Eldar'', any rare Avar that joins the Sindar becomes an Elda. Eöl's marriage is a little different in this story as well. He found "''the sister of King Turgon, astray in the wild near his dwelling, and he took her to wife by force: a very wicked deed in the eyes of the Eldar''".<ref name=Quendi>{{WJ|Quendi}}</ref>{{rp|409}}

However, that incident contradicts his late 1950s writing on the Eldar included in his essay ''[[Laws and Customs Among the Eldar]]'' which states that another's spouse cannot be forced.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|Note 5}} It clearly implies that acts of lust are very rare and that an Elf can reject bodily life to thwart sexual assault.<ref name=Laws/> This conflict of what it meant when Eöl took Aredhel to wife is ameliorated in ''The Silmarillion'' with the simple explanation that Aredhel was not "''wholly unwilling''" nor that her life in Nan Elmoth was "''hateful to her for many years''".<ref name=SilmMaeglin/>

This essay on the Eldar also clarifies the idea that once Idril married Tuor, for example, Maeglin should have relinquished his desire for her because he could not physically have her regardless of Morgoth's promise. However, by this point, Maeglin was a darkened Elf.<ref name=Quendi/> It also is exemplified in another brief tale circa 1958 of [[Melkor]] attempting to marry and then ravish the [[Ainu]] maiden [[Árië]], but she released her spirit from [[Eä]] itself.<ref>{{MR|Myths}}</ref>{{rp|381}} Among the Eldar, and apparently among the Ainur, marriage could not be forced as it was among some Men (see: [[Aerin]] and [[Elmar]]).

In a [[1959]] essay, Tolkien radically altered the metaphysics of [[Middle-earth]]. One of these changes involved changing Eöl from a Telerin Elf to a Noldorin Elf who was born in [[Aman]]. Though he was a Noldo, he was among a select few who were "[[Avari]] at heart", yet joined the exiles because his people did.<ref group=note>Subsequently, Tolkien cryptically inserted next to this a vertical line, a check-mark, and a note saying "''Keep this''".</ref><ref name=Nature>{{NM|P1xi}}</ref>{{rp|Note 4}} Tolkien could not decide if Eöl already knew Isfin before the Noldor went to Aman and persuaded her to remain with him in [[Beleriand]], or if she also decided not to go to Aman at the last minute and wandered alone in Beleriand. Tolkien, however, quickly decides that this was impossible since Isfin was born in Aman. Tolkien also decided in that moment that Maeglin also needed to be born in Aman and that all three of them: Eöl, Isfin, and Maeglin were all extremely attracted to Melkor's lies, growing to dislike their kin and Aman, joining Fëanor's host, and becoming estranged from all of their immediate kin.<ref name=Nature/>{{rp|76, 81}}

{{references|notes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eol}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=sindar
|house=
|born=Before {{YT|1115}}
|died={{FA|400}}
}}
{{seq
|pvac=None
|prev=''[[Thingol]] as the overlord of all [[Beleriand]]''
|list=Ruler of [[Nan Elmoth]]
|dates=c. {{YT|1497}} – {{FA|400}}
|next=Unknown (if any)
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Avari]]
[[Category:Avarin words]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]
[[Category:Moriquendi]]
[[Category:Nandor]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Smiths]]
[[Category:Tatyar]]
[[de:Eol]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/eol]]
[[fi:Eöl]]

Elves

2024-04-04T00:57:24Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Life and customs */ added link for elena kukanova

{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Elves
| image=[[File:Janka Latečková - Vanyar.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Vanyar" by [[:Category:Images by Janka Latečková|Janka Latečková]]
| pronun=
| othernames=People of the Stars, Firstborn, Elder Children of Ilúvatar
| origin=Firstborn of the [[Children of Ilúvatar|Children]] of [[Ilúvatar]]
| location=[[Cuiviénen]], [[Tirion]], [[Taniquetil]], [[Formenos]], [[Alqualondë]], [[Tol Eressëa]], [[Doriath]], [[Falas]], [[Hithlum]], [[Ossiriand]], [[Vinyamar]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Gondolin]], [[Edhellond]], [[Mouths of Sirion]], [[Isle of Balar]], [[Lindon]], [[Eldalondë]], [[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Rivendell]], [[Mirkwood]], [[Ithilien]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=[[Orcs]], [[Dwarves]]
| language=Various [[Elvish]] languages, most notably [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]; [[Westron]]
| people=[[Vanyar]], [[Noldor]], [[Teleri]], [[Sindar]], [[Nandor]], [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]], [[Falmari]], [[Avari]]
| members=[[Ingwë]], [[Thingol]], [[Finwë]], [[Fëanor]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Galadriel]], [[Finrod]], [[Sons of Fëanor]], [[Lúthien]], [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Idril]], [[Maeglin]], [[Círdan]], [[Celeborn]], [[Celebrimbor]]
| lifespan=[[Arda]]'s existence; near [[immortality]]
| distinctions=
| height=Tall
| skin=Pale, occasionally ruddy
| hair=Blond, black, brown, red, and occasionally silver
| clothing=
| weapons=Typically swords and bows
}}
{{quote|But the Quendi shall be the fairest of all earthly creatures, and they shall have and shall conceive and bring forth more beauty than all my Children; and they shall have the greater bliss in this world|[[Ilúvatar]] in ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Beginning of Days]]"}}
The '''Elves''' (''[[Quendi]]'') were the first of the races of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], known also as the [[Firstborn]] for that reason. The Elves are distinguished from the other two races, the [[Men]] and the [[Dwarves]], especially by the fact of their near [[immortality]].

==History==
===Awakening===
{{main|Awakening of the Elves}}

[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]] About the same time that [[Varda]], Queen of the [[Valier]], ended her labours in creating the [[Stars]], the Elves awoke beside the lake [[Cuiviénen]]. The first things they saw were the stars, and henceforth they adored them. The first sound they heard was the flowing of water, the noise and splash of water on the stones. And henceforth they loved water as well.

They made speech then, and called themselves the ''[[Quendi]]''. [[Morgoth|Melkor]] was the first to be aware of them, and he caused evil spirits to go about among them. When one or a small group wandered abroad, they would often vanish. It is believed that Melkor may have created [[Orcs]] with the elves he captured.

[[Oromë]], the Huntsman of the [[Valar]], happened upon them when he heard their singing far-off. He was amazed to see them, and called them the ''Eldar'', "People of the Stars".

===Sundering===
{{main|Sundering of the Elves}}

[[File:Anke Eißmann - Oromë espies the first Elves.jpg |thumb|right|250px|''Oromë espies the first Elves'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]] Though at first the Quendi were afraid of Oromë, the noblest among them saw that he was no dark horseman, as the lies of Melkor claimed. He had the light of [[Aman]] in his eyes and face, and they were drawn to him.

After spending a while among the Quendi, Oromë returned to [[Valinor]] and took council with the other Valar and Valier. At the counsel of [[Ilúvatar]], [[Manwë]], King of the Valar, decided that they must go to war against Melkor to protect the Quendi from him, beginning the [[Battle of the Powers]]. After a great battle and a siege against [[Utumno]], which reshaped the earth itself, Melkor was bound and cast into the prison of [[Mandos]]. Then the Valar, pleased with the outcome, summoned the Elves to Valinor, seeking fellowship with them, they were captivated by the beauty of the elves.

At Oromë's urging, many of the Elves (especially the kindreds of [[Ingwë]], [[Finwë]], and [[Elwë]]) agreed. But others, henceforth called the [[Avari]], declared that they preferred starlight and the wide spaces of [[Middle-earth]]. So the Elves were first sundered. During the journey to [[Belegaer]], gradually the number of the Elves began to lessen as various groups dropped away. Some of the [[Teleri]] (kindred of Elwë) refused to cross the [[Misty Mountains]], and settled in [[Anduin]] under the leadership of [[Lenwë]], to be called later the [[Nandor]]. Elwë then went missing, and in dismay the rest of the Teleri remained behind, while the [[Noldor]] (kindred of Finwë) and [[Vanyar]] (kindred of Ingwë) used an island as a ship, and found at last Aman and Valinor.

After several years, Oromë returned to search for the Teleri. Some, under [[Olwë]], relented and followed. Others remained to continue to search for Elwë. Still others, under [[Círdan]], remained because in that time they had become devoted to [[Ossë]] and the Sea. Those Teleri that chose to remain were called the [[Sindar]]. Elwë, who had fallen asleep due to his enchantment with [[Melian]], returned to claim lordship and establish them in [[Doriath]]. The Noldor and some of the Teleri, however, built the great cities of [[Tirion]] and [[Alqualondë]] (respectively) in Aman. The Vanyar dwelt in [[Valimar]], for they were closest to the Valar of the kindreds.

===Exile of the Noldor===
{{main|Exile of the Noldor}}

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''The Coming of Fingolfin'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]] Melkor, having been released on the promise of good behavior, spread lies about the Valar among the Noldor. [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of Finwë and one of the greatest Elves to have ever lived, hated Melkor more than all the other Noldor, but was paradoxically one of the most influenced by his lies. He forged weapons, and his greatest works, the [[Silmarils]], captured the light of the [[Two Trees]] – and his own heart. After Melkor stole the Silmarils and killed Finwë, Fëanor stirred the Noldor to open disobedience to the Valar. In an epic journey filled with treachery, death, and deceit, the Noldor entered in to Exile, crossing over into [[Beleriand]].

===Battles of Beleriand===
{{main|Battles of Beleriand}}

There were five great battles fought in Beleriand. The [[First Battle]] was the result of an attack by Melkor on Círdan and Elwë (now known as [[Thingol]]). Though the Elves managed to resist the attack successfully, this left Melkor essentially with full reign of Beleriand. Upon the sudden and unanticipated [[Return of the Noldor]], the tables were reversed in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]]. The third battle (“[[Dagor Aglareb]]”) occurred when Melkor tried unsuccessfully to destroy the Elves, breaking forth from [[Angband]]. This only resulted in the vigilant [[Siege of Angband]]. Morgoth was more successful in the next battle, [[Dagor Bragollach]], which ended in the deaths of many Elven princes, among them [[Fingolfin]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. The siege was broken. Several decades later, [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, counterattacked in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. Although at first very successful, the tide turned against the Elves, and ended in the destruction of [[Hithlum]]. It was not half a century later that [[Gondolin]], the last real stronghold of the Noldor, was [[Fall of Gondolin|destroyed]]. [[Doriath]], the centre of the [[Sindar]]in realm, was sacked by [[Dwarves]].[[File:Ted Nasmith - Eärendil and the Battle of Eagles and Dragons.jpg|left|150px|thumb|''Eärendil and The Battle of Eagles and Dragons'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]

===Salvation===
{{main|War of Wrath}}

With the near destruction of the Elves, the last survivors were at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] and [[Isle of Balar|Balar]] and were led by Gil-galad and Círdan. Among them was [[Eärendil]], the son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]]. Eärendil made a miraculous voyage to [[Valinor]] to beg the pardon of the Valar. His request was granted. The Valar came across the Sea to [[Middle-earth]], and in the [[War of Wrath]] thrust Morgoth into the [[Void]] and purged Beleriand. They offered to let the Elves return with them to Valinor; some accepted, but many others, under [[Gil-galad]], chose to remain.

===Decline===

[[File:Angus McBride - Celebrimbor.gif|thumb|right|150px|''Celebrimbor'' by [[Angus McBride]]]] Though Morgoth was gone to trouble the world no longer, [[Sauron]], his greatest servant, was still there, and he made war on the remaining Elves who chose not to depart Middle-earth throughout the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.

During this time the Elves realized how [[Men]] were rising to take their place, and Sauron exploited their longing for the Undying Lands. [[Annatar]] corrupted [[Celebrimbor]], the grandson of Fëanor, to make the [[Rings of Power]], with the [[Three Rings]] being created specifically to preserve the Elves against the ravages of time. Annatar was a guise of Sauron who also forged a ring – [[the One Ring]]. However the Elves realised the deception and defied Sauron, who then [[War of the Elves and Sauron|waged War against them]]. In the following centuries Elves continued to heed the invitation of the Valar, desire the Sea and depart for the Undying Lands. Realms such as [[Dol Amroth]] were deserted and gave their place to Men.

It was not until the end of the Third Age that the One Ring was destroyed, marring the Three Rings at the same time. In the years that followed the last of the Elves departed across the Sea to Valinor, their mission against Sauron complete, never to return.

Well into the [[Fourth Age]] and the [[Dominion of Men]], most Elves apparently had left the [[Westlands]], with most populations remaining at least in [[Mirkwood]] and [[Lindon]]. [[Rivendell]] and [[Lothlórien]] appeared abandoned around the time of [[King Elessar]]'s and [[Arwen]]'s death.<ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref> The [[Last Ship]] of the Elves, carrying [[Cirdan]] and [[Celeborn]],<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> apparently sailed early in the [[Fourth Age]].<ref name=AppTale/>

The remaining Elves in [[Middle-earth]] eventually faded, as their spirits overwhelmed and consumed their bodies. By the end of the world, all Elves will have become invisible to mortal eyes, known as ''Lingerers'', except to those to whom they wish to manifest themselves.<ref>{{MR|Laws}}</ref> [[Ilúvatar]] had not revealed the role of the Elves after [[the End]].<ref>{{S|1}}</ref>

==Life and customs==
:''Main articles: ''[[Elven characteristics]], [[Elven life cycle]], and [[Elven customs]]''

Besides being considered more beautiful than men, Elves were also generally taller. Their hair colour varied; but the basic rules were that the [[Noldor]] generally had dark hair (brown or black), the [[Vanyar]] golden, and the [[Teleri]] silver or dark. Their eyes are usually described as grey or blue.
[[File:Elena Kukanova - A child of the Elder Race.jpg|thumb|''A child of the Elder Race'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]
Their lives were counted to begin at conception rather than birth, and though their minds sharpened much earlier in life than in the race of Men, their bodies grew more slowly. They were considered fully-grown at about a century. They married usually only once in their lives, and their children were often few and far-between.

Their most distinguishing characteristic from the [[Mortals|Mortal]] races was the fact that they were invulnerable to age or disease; unless they were killed by sword or sorrow, they would live to the end of the world. Unlike Men whose [[fëar]] (spirits) left Arda when their bodies died, Elves' fëar were bound to Arda until its ending. If an Elf's hröa (body) died, its fëa would be summoned to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where the Valar could re-embody the Elf in a hröa that was identical to the Elf's previous hröa. However, if an Elf committed evil acts during their lifetime and refused to repent, the Valar could delay the Elf's re-embodiment, impose conditions on it, or refuse it altogether.<ref name=P4i>{{MR|P4i}}, p. 339</ref><ref>{{PM|Last}}, pp. 380, 389</ref> An Elf could refuse the summons to Mandos or choose to remain disembodied,<ref name=P4i></ref><ref>{{PM|XI2}}, p. 334</ref> but the Elf's houseless fëa would still be unable to leave Arda.

==Arts, crafts, powers and magic==
{{Main|Magic}}
Other races often spoke of 'Elf magic', or of objects made by Elves as if they contained enchantments. It is unclear how accurate it is to call Elvish arts and crafts 'magic' or 'enchanted'. Elves themselves only used these words when attempting to simplify or clarify how elvish-made things seemed to have a special quality that no other races were able to achieve. Powerful Elves seemed to have control over nature and the elements, their clothes seemed to shine with their own light, their blades seemed to never lose their sharpness. Less educated folks could not explain these effects, so they simply called them 'magic'.

Elf-minstrels had the gift to make visions of the things they sung before their audiences.<Ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

==Major divisions==
{{familytree/start|align=center}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |QUE| | | | | | | | | | | | QUE=[[Quendi]] All Elves }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | |ELD| | | || AVA| | | | | | ELD=[[Eldar]] West-elves|AVA=[[Avari]] The Unwilling }}
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | |VAN| | |NOL| | |TEL| | | | | | | | | VAN=[[Vanyar]] Fair-elves|NOL=[[Noldor]] Deep-elves|TEL=[[Teleri]] The Hindmost }}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |AMA| | | |EXI|!| | | | | | | | | | | AMA=Amanyar Noldor Noldor of [[Aman]]|EXI=[[Exile of the Noldor|Etyañgoldi]] Exiled Noldor }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | |FAL| | |SIN| | |NAN| | | | | | FAL=[[Falmari]] Sea-elves of [[Aman]]|SIN=[[Sindar]] Grey-elves of [[Beleriand]]|NAN=[[Nandor]] Followers of [[Lenwë]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |LAQ| | | |SIL| | LAQ=[[Laiquendi]] Green-elves of [[Ossiriand]]|SIL=[[Silvan Elves]] Wood-elves }}
{{familytree/end}}

When Oromë invited the Elves to Valinor, those who followed him on the Great Journey were called the Eldar,<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|374}} while those who refused were called the Avari.<ref name=S3>{{S|3}}</ref> The Eldar were divided into three clans−the Vanyar, the Noldor, and the Teleri.<ref name=S3 /> All of the Vanyar and Noldor reached Aman. Two groups of Teleri abandoned the Great Journey: the Nandor, who came to live in the [[Vale of Anduin]],<ref name=S3 /> and the Sindar, who remained in Beleriand.<ref>{{S|4}}</ref> The Nandor eventually split into the Laiquendi, who migrated into Beleriand and settled in [[Ossiriand]], and the Silvan Elves, who established realms in [[Mirkwood]] and [[Lothlórien]]. Those Teleri who completed the Great Journey and settled in Aman were called the Falmari.<ref name=S3 /> Those Noldor who later returned to Middle-earth in exile were called the ''Etyañgoldi''.<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|374}}

==Languages==
{{main|Elvish}}

[[File:Donato Giancola - Lore.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|''Lore'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]
The term ''quendi'' refers to all Elves, meaning "speakers", calling themselves so at Cuiviénen before having contact with any other race<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|372}} as they were the first speaking beings. Their ancient language was divided in other languages and dialects after their sundering.

The Elves also invented the [[Cirth]] and [[Tengwar]] scripts to write them.
*'''[[Primitive Quendian]]'''
**'''[[Avarin]]'''
***'''Various Avarin languages''' (some later merged with Nandorin)
**'''[[Common Eldarin]]''' (the early language of all the [[Eldar]] of the Great Journey)
***'''[[Quenya]]''' (the language of the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]])
****''' ''[[Quendya]]'' (also ''Vanyarin Quenya'') ''' (daily tongue of the Vanyar: closest to archaic Quenya)
****''' ''Noldorin Quenya'' (also ''[[Exilic Quenya]]'') ''' (the "Elven Latin" of Middle-earth)
***'''[[Common Telerin]]''' (the early language of all the [[Lindar]])
****'''[[Telerin]]''' (the language of the [[Falmari]] who reached the [[Undying Lands]])
****'''[[Nandorin]]''' (languages of the [[Nandor]] — some were influenced by Avarin)
*****'''Original language of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]'''
*****'''Original language of [[Lothlórien|Lórinand]]'''
****'''[[Sindarin]]''' (language of the [[Sindar]])
*****'''[[Doriathrin]]''' (dialect of [[Doriath]])
*****'''[[Falathrin]]''' (dialect of the [[Falas]] and [[Nargothrond]])
*****'''[[North Sindarin]]''' (dialects of [[Dorthonion]] and [[Hithlum]])
******'''[[Gondor Sindarin]]''' (dialect of [[Gondor]])

==Inspiration==
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Beleg.jpg|thumb|right|Detail of a [[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Fangorn Forest.jpg|drawing]] with [[Beleg]], a rare depiction of an Elf made by Tolkien]]
===Languages===
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] developed the Elves (and his whole [[legendarium]]) to serve as a setting for his languages that he constructed according to his [[lámatyávë|personal sense of beauty]]. His Elven languages are of special interest to many Tolkien scholars. His most developed are [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]], along with more obscure dialects for which he invented (at best) a small vocabulary, usually in earlier stages of his creation.

===Germanic influence===
In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', a diminutive fairy-like race of elves had once been a great and mighty people who had "diminished" as Men took over the world.<ref name="bolt1" /><ref>{{HM|LT2}}</ref><ref name="Fimi">[[Dimitra Fimi]], [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_2_117/ai_n16676591 "Mad" Elves and "elusive beauty": some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology] in ''Folklore'', vol. 117, iss. 2, August 2006, pp. 156–170</ref> They were influenced by the [[Wikipedia:Elf|Elves]] of Northern European mythologies, especially the god-like and human-sized ''[[Wikipedia:Light elf|Ljósálfar]]'' of Norse mythology,<ref>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]''</ref> also appearing in medieval works such as ''[[Sir Orfeo]]'', the Welsh [[Pwyll Prince of Dyved|Mabinogion]], [[The Fall of Arthur|Arthurian romances]] and the legends of the [[Wikipedia:Tuatha Dé Danann|Tuatha Dé Danann]].<ref name="Anderson1">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Douglas A. Anderson]] (ed.), ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'', p. 120</ref>

Terry Gunnell also claims that the relationship between beautiful ships and the Elves is reminiscent of Njörðr and Skíðblaðni, Freyr's ship.<ref name="Articles"/>

===Celtic influence===
Tolkien expressed a dislike in Celtic legends and denied that his legendarium is "Celtic",<ref>{{HM|Bio}}, p. 26</ref> however it is believed that Celtic Mythology had a great influence on Tolkien's writings on Elves <ref>[[John Garth]], ''[[Tolkien and the Great War]]'', p. 222</ref><ref name="Articles">Terry Gunnell, "[http://www.hi.is/Apps/WebObjects/HI.woa/wa/dp?detail=1004509&name=nordals_en_greinar_og_erindi ''Tívar'' in a Timeless Land: Tolkien's Elves]" conference lecture delivered on 13 September 2002</ref> and some of the stories Tolkien wrote as their 'legends' are directly influenced by it.<ref name="Fimi"/> For example, the [[Noldor]] are based on the Tuatha Dé Danann in the ''Lebor Gabála Érenn'', and their migratory nature comes from early Irish/Celtic history.<ref name="Fimi"/> John Garth has also referenced the Tuatha Dé Danann in suggesting Tolkien was essentially rewriting Irish fairy traditions.

Tolkien also retains the usage of the Celtic and popular term 'fairy' for the same creatures.<ref>[[Marjorie J. Burns]], ''[[Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' ([[2005]]), p. 22</ref> The Elves are also called fair folk (based on [[Welsh]] ''Tylwyth teg'' 'the beautiful kindred' = fairies)<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 757 cf. "Fair folk"</ref> although they are unrelated to fairies.

===Eschatology===
The larger Elves are also inspired by Tolkien's [[Christianity|Christian theology]] — as representing the state of Men in Eden who have not yet "[[Wikipedia:Fall of Man|fallen]]" — similar to humans but fairer and wiser, with greater spiritual powers, keener senses, and a closer empathy with nature, freed from human limitations, immortal, with wills directly effective for the achievement of imagination and desire.<ref name="Carpenter"/>

===Fairies===
Traditional "Victorian" dancing [[fairies]] and elves appear in Tolkien's early poetry,<ref name = "bolt1">{{HM|LT1}}</ref> and have influence upon his later works<ref>[[Dimitra Fimi]], "[http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/working_with_english/Fimi_31_05_06.pdf Come sing ye light fairy things tripping so gay: Victorian Fairies and the Early Work of J. R. R. Tolkien]". ''Working With English: Medieval and Modern Language, Literature and Drama''. Retrieved 11/01/08</ref> in part due to the influence of a production of J.M. Barrie's ''Peter Pan'' in [[Birmingham]] in 1910<ref name="Carpenter">[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]''</ref> and his familiarity with the work of Catholic mystic poet, Francis Thompson<ref name="Carpenter" /> whose work Tolkien had acquired in 1914.<ref name="bolt1" />

In ''The Book of Lost Tales'' Tolkien includes both the more serious 'medieval' type of elves such as [[Fëanor]] and [[Turgon]] alongside the frivolous, "Jacobean-era" type of elves such as the [[Solosimpi]] and [[Lúthien|Tinúviel]].<ref name="Anderson1" />

Tolkien also developed the idea of children visiting [[Valinor]] in their sleep. Elves would also visit and comfort chided or upset children at night. This theme was largely abandoned.<ref>{{LT1|I}}</ref>

However after the publication of ''The Lord of the Rings'', Tolkien repeatedly expressed his misgivings concerning the undesirable associations of the name "elf" like those of ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'', the Victorian notions of fairies or mischievous imps, the imaginations of Michael Drayton or the fanciful beings with butterfly wings.

He proposed that in [[translations of The Lord of the Rings|translations]] the "oldest available form of the name" be used for more elevated notions of beings "supposed to possess formidable magical powers in early Teutonic mythology" ([[OED]] viz. the [[Old English]] ''ælf'', from Proto-Germanic ''*albo-z''). Tolkien warned against associations to the debased English notion of ''elfin'' and suggested that Germans would not translate his ''Elves'' as ''Elfen'', which might retain the undesirable images.

He rather suggested words such as ''Alp'' or ''Alb'', historically the more normal form and true cognate of English ''elf''.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 756, s.v. "Elven-smiths".</ref> [[Margaret Carroux]] chose the word ''Elben'' (singular ''Elb'') in her translation.

{{references}}
{{elves}}
[[Category:Elves]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Elben]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/elfes]]
[[fi:Haltiat]]

-n

2024-04-04T00:47:00Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added needs more sources

{{Sources}}

'''''-n''''' is a [[Quenya]] suffix that has three meanings.

==-n1==
Used as a dative ending, in '''nin''', '''enyalien'''.{{fact}}

==-n2==
'''-n''' or '''-nye''' is a pronominal ending, 1st person singular "I". '''Utúlien''', seen in ''Elendil's Oath''.{{fact}}

==-n3==
Used as a plural sign used of the cases.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 407</ref>{{examples}}

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:n}}
[[Category:Quenya suffixes]]

Captain of the King's Ships

2024-03-20T02:26:14Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added accent for Vëantur link

{{incomplete}}

The '''Captain of the King's Ships''' was naval title often given the commander of [[Númenor]]'s fleets, and was often the [[King of Númenor|King]]'s Heir of Númenor.

This title was especially associated with [[Vëantur]]. He served as Captain during the reign of [[Tar-Elendil]].<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref>. He was the first [[Númenórean]] to make the sea-voyage back to [[Middle-earth]], on his flagship [[Entulessë]]. His grandson [[Tar-Aldarion]] became known as the Great Captain, and founded the [[Guild of Venturers]] in Númenor.

{{numenor}}
{{references}}
[[category:Mannish titles]]
[[fi:Kuninkaan Laivojen komentaja]]

Ea (verb)

2024-03-20T00:10:48Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

__NOTOC__{{disambig-two|verb|universe|[[Eä]]''', and for the games developer see '''[[EA]]}}'''ea''' is a [[Quenya]] verb meaning "to exist".
==Etymology==
The word is said to be spoken by [[Ilúvatar|Eru]] creating and giving name to the universe, named after this utterance, [[Eä]].

It is not known if the word comes from Him, or if it is mentioned symbolically.

==Other forms==
*''ea'' "let it be" (imperative), spoken by Eru to create the universe.<ref>{{S|Ainu}}</ref>
*''euva'' "will be" (future)<ref>{{VT|49}}, p. 29</ref>
*''enge'' "existed" (past)<ref>{{VT|43}}</ref>
*''éye/engie'' "had been" (perfect)
*''[[ëalar|eala]]'' "being" (present participle)
{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya verbs]]

User talk:QuickbeamTheGreen

2024-03-19T03:38:55Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Edit on the Gilmith page */ Reply

'''{{PAGENAME}}, welcome!'''

Hello and [[Tolkien Gateway:Welcome|welcome]] to '''[[Tolkien Gateway]]'''. I hope you like the place and choose to join our work. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
*Internal pages:
**[[Tolkien Gateway:To-do|To-do list]]
**[[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style|Standards]]
**[[Forums:Council|Council forums]]
**[[Special:Recentchanges|Recent changes]]
*External Wikipedia pages:
**[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]]
**[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Tutorial|Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial]]
**[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Picture tutorial|Picture tutorial]]
**[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:How to write a great article|How to write a great article]]

I hope you enjoy editing here and we look forward to your future edits. By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~<nowiki>~~</nowiki>. Four tildes (~~<nowiki>~~</nowiki>) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the [[Help:Contents|help pages]], add a question to the [[Forums:Council|Council forums]] or ask me on [[User talk:Hyarion|my talk page]]. Keep up the great work! — [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]

== Edit on the Gilmith page ==

Thank you for your interest in Tolkien Gateway and for trying to help to improve the content on Tolkien Gateway. I checked your edit on the Gilmith page and noticed that you made some errors in your edit and that you did not include a reference that supports the statements that you made. I already corrected those problems on the Gilmith page and also changed the existing references to be more precise to make it easier for readers to find the information in the sources in the references. To speak at bit like Treebeard, I advise you not to be so "hasty" in the future and to use the preview function to check whether there are any errors and whether all the statements that you added are supported by a reference. You misspelled Gilmith as Gimlith (probably a typo) at the beginning of the etymology section. In addition you used capitalized versions of pages for the Sindarin words gil and mith, which have uncapitalized page names (but the links to those pages worked anyhow). Furthermore you only used the code for italics for the alternative text in the links instead of using italics outside the links (which is usually done, but your method creates the same result). The most important problem is that you did not include a reference that supports your statement that Gilmith is probably a Sindarin name and that it probably consists of the compounds gil ("star") and mith ("grey"). We ususually first check publications, which were written by J.R.R. Tolkien or his son Christopher Tolkien if they ever wrote anything about which language a name is in, if they ever provided the meaning of the name in english and if they ever provided the components of the name. Many entries in etymology sections on Tolkien Gateway use an entry in eldamo.org as a reference, which is a high quality dictionary for names/words in Sindarin (or Quenya, etc.) and which in turn discloses which publications written by J.R.R. Tolkien or others it uses as a reference for its translations. Furthermore you did not provide a translation for the name, although eldamo.org does provide a probable translation "Grey Star". I hope that this feedback helps you with future edits. [[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 08:15, 8 March 2024 (UTC)

:Thank you very much. I understand my errors entirely and I will try to not move too hastily through edits. There is one thing I am confused about though, and that is italics in links. I am not sure what you meant by having italics outside the link. Anyways, thank you again for helping me with some amateur errors, and I have already bookmarked eldamo.org. [[User:QuickbeamTheGreen|QuickbeamTheGreen]] ([[User talk:QuickbeamTheGreen|talk]]) 03:38, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Sauron

2024-03-19T03:33:05Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Infobox */ new section

__TOC__

I've linked '''Utter West''' to [[Uttermost West|West]], or should there be a seperate article for '''Utter West'''? --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 05:32, 9 March 2006 (EST)

:'''Utter West''' I believe is just another name for [[Aman]]. If it is used by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] then we can link it directly to {{redlink|[[Utter West]]}}, if not then we probably should have two Wests, one for West of [[Middle-earth]] and one for West of [[Arda]] or something, what do you think? --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 11:45, 9 March 2006 (EST)

::Agreed on the '''Utter West''' referring to [[Aman]], but so does [[Uttermost West|The West]], generally speaking. --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 16:35, 9 March 2006 (EST)

-----
I disagree with the first part of the following paragraph in the entry and I think it should be deleted. What do the rest of you think? --[[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]] 15:53, 4 May 2006 (EDT)

<blockquote>''By doing so, Sauron actually became more powerful than his master Morgoth at the end of the First Age, whose [[Fëa and hröa|fëa]] ("soul" or "spirit"), while stronger, was dispersed into the matter of Arda. When Sauron put on the One Ring and tried to dominate the Elves, they resisted, and Sauron came upon them in the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] and, if not for the intervention of [[Númenor]], might have defeated them.''</blockquote>

:I agree with you Ebakunin, more powerful than [[Morgoth]] is a stretch as [[Sauron]] is simply a [[Maia]] while Morgoth is [[Valar|Vala]]. I'll look into it just to double check [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] never stated such a thing, but I think it would be safe to remove it. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 18:18, 4 May 2006 (EDT)

::Actually, I do recall having read something to that extend. Will have to look further into it, though. It's probably somewhere in the depths of HoMe. --[[User:Earendilyon|Earendilyon]] 03:54, 5 May 2006 (EDT)

-----
In the entry there's a comment on his title, '''the Nameless Enemy''':

<blockquote>''He is also called '''the Nameless Enemy''', which is hardly accurate (but perhaps an effort to lessen his psychological impact), whereas Morgoth is the Dark Enemy.''</blockquote>

Is Sauron only referred to as the Nameless Enemy during the [[Third Age]], in the time before he had declared himself openly? The [[White Council]] knew there was a villian in [[Dol Guldur]], but until 2850 they didn't know it was Sauron. If this was the time when the Nameless Enemy was used, it would make perfect sense. Any know more about use of the title? Thanks. --[[User:Ebakunin|Ebakunin]] 16:28, 6 May 2006 (EDT)

-----

Should we create a new article for '''[[Thû]]'''? I would like to have placed a note near the title concerning it, but there are so many names for Sauron as Tolkien's legendarium evolved... --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 20:44, 4 June 2006 (EDT)

:Sounds good to me. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 20:47, 4 June 2006 (EDT)

==Balrog :-s==
I remember reading somewhere a while ago that Sauron was a Balrog (or something associated with them) I kinda doubt this to be true but i would like to know if anybody else knows anything about this. Thanks. [[User:Jasca Ducato|Jasca Ducato]] 15:12, 3 September 2006 (EDT)

:Hm, maybe you read that they were both [[Maia]] (as was [[Gandalf]]) but [[Sauron]] was definitely not a Balrog nor even remotely close to being considered one. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 15:23, 3 September 2006 (EDT)
*Actually, i think it was that the Balrog was a [[Maiar]]. [[User:Jasca Ducato|Jasca Ducato]] 15:57, 3 September 2006 (EDT)

::Balrogs were lesser Maiar (by the way, ''Maia'' is the singular). Sauron was also a Maia, though of a more powerful order. --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 18:17, 3 September 2006 (EDT)

== timo vihola picture for sauron ==

someone please upload that timo vihola picture for sauron into the images of sauron category?.

:Great suggestion, you can now find the image in [[:Category:Images of Sauron]] and {{Redlink|[[:Category:Images by Timo Vihola]]}} --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 03:34, 26 November 2006 (EST)

== Name edit ==

Hi! I just wanted to say that I added a bit of extra information regarding Saurons original name.
Ârzan ([[User:Ârzan|Ârzan]] 03:53, 15 April 2008 (EDT))

:Yeah, noticed it. I actually wanted to include that for some time, but forgot. Well, that's the purpose of a Wiki! Keep up the good work. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 04:55, 15 April 2008 (EDT)

==Quenya/Sindarin ambiguity==

Cf. [[Talk:Tauron#Which language?]] --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 13:59, 27 February 2011 (UTC)

==Removed information?==
Morgan, why have you cleared the Appearances and Abilities section? --[[User:Reallyfat|Reallyfat Trollion]] 09:02, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

:The recent addition included a mix of Tolkien's writings and PJ's films. Furthermore, no sources were included.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 09:57, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

::Oh. Maybe you should tell the fellow who wrote it though.{{Unsigned|Reallyfat}}

:::It was an anonymous edit.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 10:35, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

::::Can I try restoring the info, with sources and all, and removing the non-canonical stuff?

:::::Sure, go ahead.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 10:55, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

::::::Ederchil, that edit had some useful information. Is it OK if I add sources to it and restore it? The guy did have a lot of good information.
==Pictures==
I was bold and changed the article's profile picture. I am aware that a notification must be given when changing the main picture in important articles. I thought Tolkien's unfinished sketch did not do justice to this topic, and I think it was "tolerated" because it was Tolkien's. So I moved it down. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 05:16, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

:I prefer Tolkien's sketch. ;) I don't mind you changing the featured image - the only thing I'd say is pick one we have permission to use.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 13:55, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

== Nazgul ==

The human lords did not just suddenly turn, they slowly degraded over time. This was due to the slow degrading power of the rings that they were given. Also, the human rings were the weakest of all the rings made, which is kind of funny that they had the weakest rings yet were seduced by the power first

== Sauron main image change ==

I thought the image made by Elena Kukanova was better than the one by Alais. We are never told how Sauron's face was like in any of his assumed guises. Having him almost masked leaves mystery of how did he look behind the veil. The golden colour of the mask shows greed, thirst for power and arrogance - befitting of how he views himself a "God-King". --[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 12:55, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

:Although I respect your interpretations, I disagree. It forces the reader to focus on a masked form, whereas a mask was never a definite characteristic of Sauron in canon. I preferred the other image of ms. Kukanova and did another rearrangement of the images. Also I saw that you replaced the "seduction" pic with an armored pic, for unclear reasons; the seduction is a historical event that fits the text where it is placed, whereas the armored pic is not artistically or contextually significant. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 19:07, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

:Agreed with Sage. [[User:Gaetano|Gaetano]] 10:03, 1 June 2020 (UTC)

:I understand what you're saying but there are two things I want to point out: in J.R.R. Tolkien's unfinished sketch he seemed fairly masked. I know it's unfinished ... but it is art by the author himself, his vision; secondly, Sauron's features in any of his fair forms are not described. Doesn't an image showing his 'face' (be it him as Mairon or Annatar...) force the reader to focus on that visage? There is no mention of reddish, golden, brownish hair in any of Tolkien's works. The only details of his forms are that he has daunting eyes, he has nine fingers (Third Age), he was terrible to look at and greater in stature than a man, but not gigantic (Second Age). If you see the face of Lucifer or another demon ... do you fear him/it as much? Don't you fear more that which you haven't seen, only heard of or know of? Something enigmatic is far more frightening. Giving Sauron a face humanizes him and he is far from being a Man or Elf. He only takes fair forms because they suit him at the moment. But that is not his body. But, nevermind, do as as you think is best. --[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 10:23, 1 June 2020 (UTC)

:I still feel that the current image looks like an impish teenager (sorta priest-like) rather than what Sauron would look like. Tolkien's unfinished sketch (even though it's unfinished), the unmasked image by Ms. Kukanova or Ted Nasmith's "The Shadow of Sauron" would look better, more accurate in my opinion (especially the first and third options). What do you think?--[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 12:08, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

::Both Tolkien and Nasmith's pictures depict the great shadow that rose with Sauron's fall (no way that could have a mask, tbh). Maybe I'm wrong, but was that shadow actually Sauron? Anycase, that is a very ethereal depiction to be considered for the main image. I think a good humanoid picture is the best choice, be it the current one or that one of [[:File:Elena Kukanova - Mairon.jpg|Kukanova's]]. You are really concerned with this article aren't you? xd --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 19:39, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

::The current image has neither the daunting gaze Sauron is said to have, neither a sense of agelesness. And the style looks off compared to other main images here. Some good points for the ethereal form are that it leaves Sauron's exact appearance vague, much like how Tolkien left his description in any physical form and it also doesn't force the reader to focus on any concrete visage (it's also menacing which would ne in accordance with him being "terrible to look upon"). On the other hand, Kukanova's image I think gets the "boundless pride" of the character and that headdress he has looks kingly which also might go well with his god-king ambition. So does anyone else have any opinion whether to choose from Nasmith's ethereal "Shadow of Sauron" or Kukanova's humanoid "Mairon", or maybe neither? Since the content of the article is in good shape, a potential final touch concerning the main image I think isn't a bad addition at all (I mean if it looks a bit better, why not xd).--[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 08:06, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

:::In my opinion the current image (Annatar by Alaïs) is better than the image of Mairon by Kukanova and better than the image of The Shadow of Sauron by Ted Nasmith. The current image succeeds in portraying a being that is both "fair" to Look upon (Tolkien said that he had a fair form as Annatar), but also has an "evil" expression in his face. In addition Land people probably only know the images of Sauron in his not "fair" looking, but terrible looking form from the Peter Jackson Films, so it is probably interesting to see a fair looking form with a hint of evil for a change. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 08:43, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

:::Interesting take, although I am not fan of the image itself the point with a fairer look combined with evil is a good one (even though the fair part is in Kukanova's image as well where it ia combined rather with hubris). It would have been nice if there was an option to have 2 main images (between which the reader could switch like in some wikis) one fair and one terrible (it would have worked well on the Morgoth article as well), but I don't think we have that option here, do we? So far the common ground is something humanoid (whether Alais's or Kukanova's) and not ethereal. I think 1-2 more opinions would sum the topic up. --[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 09:11, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

::::I also prefer the humanoid take for the main image, although Sauron is certainly a difficult character to pin down a single image to represent. Personally I prefer the current image. I feel that it conveys the darker side of Sauron more clearly (and, a bit trivial, but the color scheme seems to fit the infobox better). I am not strongly opposed to the image by Kukanova, but it appears to lean more heavily on the single aspect of the fair form, and touches less on the darker, more terrible side of the character. I would vote to keep the main image as is, although I do appreciate Kukanova's image. --[[User:Grace18|Grace18]] 16:48, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

:::::My vote is to keep the current image where it is. I may not know art, but I know what I like. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 03:18, 4 June 2021 (UTC)

:::::Very well then. Given the majority of votes we are keeping the current image as the main one. (Too bad there can't be multiple main images between which the reader could switch in the infobox: 1 Mairon, 2 Annatar, 3 Terrible form; it would have looked great). Guess that's settled then. Thank you all for your opinions (and the interesting interpretations of images)!--[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 08:33, 4 June 2021 (UTC)

== Sauron in the Evil category ==

Sauron was renowned as the Dark Lord of the Second and Third Ages of Middle-earth, as he strove to conquer Arda. Before that, he originally was the most gifted of the Vala Aule's people and then the first lieutenant of the rebellious Morgoth. There are some who argue that he belongs to the Servants of Melkor category because during the First Age he had served under Morgoth. True, he did. He was by far the mightiest of Aule's Maia students and the greatest of Morgoth's servants, certainly. '''But he abandoned both of those allegiances. When the War of Wrath ended, Sauron came to Eonwe and seemed to repent (how genuine this plea was we may never know). He forsook Morgoth and asked forgiveness for his deeds, but refused to humble himself before the Valar and returned to gnaw his old plots.''' Saying that just because in the beginning he had been the First Dark Lord's servant means he is always a servant makes no sense. Why? Because there are two others who were affiliated with Morgoth as well and ultimately left him: Osse and Ungoliant.

Morgoth ensnared Osse for a brief time, promising him much that rightfully belonged to Ulmo. He was seduced by his willpower and he raged in storms on the Sea until his spouse Uinen turned him back to Ulmo. There is still some violence and darkness in Osse's nature, but despite this he is no longer affiliated with Morgoth. Now Ungoliant had served Morgoth as well up until the Age of Trees. She disowned him and dwelled in Avathar. Morgoth sought her aid once more to destroy the Two Trees and the alliance between them was renewed ..... for a time. The Dark Lord had promised to reward her by feeding her many of the gems he had stolen from the Noldor, but when he denied her the Silmarils she betrayed him and attempted to devour him. She was driven back by Balrogs and she settled in Ered Gorgoroth.

Both Osse and Ungoliant had for a time served Morgoth. Osse, much like Sauron, was attracted to the apparent power of Morgoth. Osse and Sauron forsook him (the former resumed his place as Ulmo's vassal, while the latter rose as a Dark Lord on his own), while Ungoliant outright betrayed him. All three of them served Morgoth at a given time. Yet neither Osse nor Ungoliant are put into the category for Servants of Melkor. Why should Sauron be? Not only did he abandon him in the end, but as a Dark Lord he did not pick up from where Morgoth left, rather he pursued his own agenda.

I'll give some canonical quotes:

"Sauron had never reached this stage of nihilistic madness. '''He did not object to the existence of the world, so long as he could do what he liked with it. He still had the relics of positive purposes, that descended from the good of the nature in which he began: it had been his virtue (and therefore also the cause of his fall, and of his relapse) that he loved order and co-ordination, and disliked all confusion and wasteful friction. It was the apparent will and power of Melkor to effect his designs quickly and masterfully that had first attracted Sauron to him.) Sauron had, in fact, been very like Saruman, and so still understood him quickly and could guess what he would be likely to think and do, even without the aid of the palantíri or of spies'''

"'''Sauron was not a ‘sincere’ atheist, but he preached atheism, because it weakened resistance to himself (and he had ceased to fear God’s action in Arda)'''. As was seen in the case of Ar-Pharazon. ...he spoke of Melkor in Melkor’s own terms: as a god, or even as God. This may have been the residue of a state which was in a sense a shadow of good: the ability once in Sauron at least to admire or admit the superiority of a being other than himself. '''Melkor, and still more Sauron himself afterwards, both profited by this darkened shadow of good and services of ‘worshippers’. But it may be doubted whether even such a shadow of good was still sincerely operative in Sauron by that time. His cunning motive is probably best expressed thus. To wean one of the God-fearing from their allegiance it is best to propound another unseen object of allegiance and another hope of benefits; propound to him a Lord who will sanction what he desires and not forbid it. Sauron, apparently a defeated rival for world-power, now a mere hostage, can hardly propound himself; but as the former servant and disciple of Melkor, the worship of Melkor will raise him from hostage to high priest.''' But though Sauron’s whole true motive was the destruction of the Númenóreans, this was a particular matter of revenge upon Ar-Pharazon, for humiliation."

'''Sauron was not a beginner of discord; and he probably knew more of the ‘Music’ than did Melkor''', whose mind had always been filled with his own plans and devices, and gave little attention to other things. The time of Melkor’s greatest power, therefore, was in the physical beginnings of the World; a vast demiurgic lust for power and the achievement of his own will and designs, on a great scale. And later after things had become more stable, Melkor was more interested in and capable of dealing with a volcanic eruption, for example, than with (say) a tree."

"Morgoth had no ‘plan’: unless destruction and reduction to nil of a world in which he had only a share can be called a ‘plan’. But this is, of course, a simplification of the situation. '''Sauron had not served Morgoth, even in his last stages...'''"

"First, '''Sauron followed Morgoth because he adored the latter's strength''' ... Second, '''after the Valar defeated Morgoth, Sauron betrayed his alliance'''..."

"In my story '''Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly evil will''' as is possible. He had gone the way of all tyrants: beginning well, at least on the level that while desiring to order all things according to his own wisdom he still at first considered the (economic) well-being of other inhabitants of the Earth. But he went further than human tyrants in pride and the lust for domination, being in origin an immortal (angelic) spirit.* In The Lord of the Rings the conflict is not basically about 'freedom', though that is naturally involved. It is about God, and His sole right to divine honour. The Eldar and the Númenóreans believed in The One, the true God, and held worship of any other person an abomination. '''Sauron desired to be a God-King, and was held to be this by his servants; if he had been victorious he would have demanded divine honour from all rational creatures and absolute temporal power over the whole world.'''

(Tolkien himself says Sauron represents the "wholly '''evil''' will". Also, in the paragraph telling that Sauron was not a "sincere atheits" he reffers to him as the end as the "former servant" of Morgoth. To evade the wrath of the victorious Host of Valinor he forsook his ties to him to save his own skin. Tolkien also says he had been very "much like Saruman". Saruman was a double-faced vassal, he mostly committed to serving Sauron, but he also conducted a search for the One Ring to gain it for himself. If the author says that Sauron is evil, then he should be in the evil category (on the page of the category itself it says that "this includes Dark Lords"; Sauron is a Dark Lord). I want someone else's opinion. Someone other than Sage, if possible (if it where him I doubt he would even read this and stop to think that someone else may be right). If you think that for some odd reason these paragraphs I've listed above mean absolutely nothing and he belongs to the Servants of Melkor category, then Osse and Ungoliant should also be put there. By Sage's logic about Sauron Osse should also be put there. Both were his servants for a time. Both were seduced. As Sage said "He was ensnared by Melkor, he was one of the Maiar of Melkor" --[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 13:32, 8 June 2020 (UTC)

:Sauron must go in both 'Servant of Melkor' and 'Evil' categories. He was a servant, but he became a Dark Lord. And no, LordoftheEarth, the fact that Sauron left Morgoth's service is not a good reason to remove the category: it's like removing Eärendil from 'Half-elf' because he later chosed to become an Elf. Stop this nonsense edit war, there are better things to do. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 13:51, 8 June 2020 (UTC)

:By your logic Osse should go into the Servants of Melkor category as well. "the fact that Sauron left Morgoth's service is not a good reason to remove the category". "Stop this nonsense edit war, there are better things to do" --- If Sage would have left it as it is, I would. But since he he doesn't I felt appropiate to add it on the article's talk page. Sauron can't be in both Servants of Melkor and Evil. Tolkien said "Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly '''evil''' will" and I'm going to stick to what the author said. If no one else has something to add, I suggest we leave the article as it is. There is no other information that can be added here and there are lots of other articles that could use mine and Sage's contribution. --[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 14:37, 8 June 2020 (UTC)

::I agree with LorenzoCB that Sauron should be in both categories, which makes perfect sense. The categories exist for the convenience of the wiki, and this feels most convenient to me. Do others agree? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 16:00, 8 June 2020 (UTC)

:::Full agreement with LorenzoCB and Mith. -- {{User:Holdwine Meriadoc/sig}} 01:42, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

== Other names for Sauron ==

There are some slight variations on "the Shadow" such as ''the Shadow in the Forest'' or the ''Shadow in the East''. I believe that ''Overlord'' (found in the chapter The Black Gate is Closed of The Two Towers) could also be added. In addition, I am not certain whether ''the One Enemy''(found in the chapter Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit of The Two Towers; near the end of the chapter if I remember correctly) refers to Morgoth or Sauron. I don't think that a hobbit like Frodo Baggins (who makes the statement) would necessarily remember Morgoth, the First Enemy. Sauron is the Enemy of the Free Peoples in the Second and Third Ages, however, and has been an adversary of good ever since he descended into evil (in the beginning as Morgoth's lieutenant and then as his heir). What do you think?--[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 14:47, 9 January 2021 (UTC)

:Variations can be included, of course, with their respective references. Feel free to include any other name missing. About "One Enemy", Frodo is adressing Faramir when he says: "Think what you will, I am a friend of all enemies of the One Enemy", so he obviously refers to the current enemy they are fighting with. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 19:39, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

== Who's directly responsible for the original corruption of Men ==

In ''The Peoples of Middle-earth'' (from what I've seen on wikis and reddit articles at least; I don't own the full HoMe series yet) it seems that Morgoth was the one who came among Men as a fair-seeming prophet/god and tainted their hearts with his teachings and deceits, turning some away from Eru's grace and to his own worship. However, in ''The Nature of Middle-earth'' (which I own) it says on page 35 that "The arising and fall of Men took place during the Captivity of Melkor, and was achieved not by Melkor in person but by Sauron". Is the latter source more canonical than the first? Should Sauron be credited as notable for the Corruption of Men, or is it still Morgoth even if entirely indirectly according to this? --[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] 19:13, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

:That info from TNOME should definitely be included in OVOTL. Even if it is a later concept, it is an isolated mention and Tolkien was clearly shuffling ideas he never developed (it is interesting that he mentions a text about this: ''Sauron: Arising and Fall of Men'', which seems he never wrote). In the other hand, there are many other detailed accounts of Morgoth as the one who corrupted Men, notably the [[Tale of Adanel]], but most important: ''The Silmarillion'', which is the basis for what we include in the History sections (or """canon""" if you wish calling it by that). --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 20:43, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

== Sauron’s Death? ==
I just found a video of some lost recordings of Tolkien, and at one point (28:28-29:00), Tolkien was said to have mentioned that he would not have wanted to meet Sauron after the ring was destroyed, which implies that Sauron survived the ring’s destruction, though it is clarified that there is not that much left of Sauron since he invested so much power within the ring. I think that all of this should be mentioned in the Sauron article. Here is the source: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=IHxP0JMn484. While this part about Sauron comes near the end of the video, I recommend watching the whole video to get all of the context. --[[User:Dour1234| Dour1234]], 18 April 2022 (UTC)

== Sauron wasn't in Almaren? ==
''[[Annals of Aman]]'': "Therefore Manwe ordained a great feast, and summoned all the Valar and the queens of the Valar unto Almaren, together '''with all their folk'''. And they came at his bidding; <...> Now Melkor knew of all that was done; for even then '''he had secret friends and spies among the Maiar whom he had converted to his cause, and of these the chief, as after became known, was Sauron''', a great craftsman of the household of Aule." Can we suppose that Sauron lived in Almaren, where he spied for Melkor, and openly joined Melkor during chaos and disaster that were caused by the desruction of the Lamps, and only after that time he came to Utumno at the Dark Lord's service? [[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] 10:18, 28 June 2022 (UTC)

:Ok, let me check that info and if we can include it in the own article, and then I'll see if having it in the infobox. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 19:40, 28 June 2022 (UTC)

== Sauron's fate ==
*The Silmarillion, the Valaquenta chapter, clearly says: "But in after years he rose like a shadow of Morgoth [...], and walked behind him in the same ruinous path down into the Void."* But apparently Mord disagrees with me and it only results in edit clashes and some animosity. *How does that paragraph, from a published work (not something I took from the pocket) contradict TLotR: TRotK which Mord cited, where it only just mentions that after his defeat Sauron is a spirit of impotent malice and none can foresee his arising again (which doesn't clash with him staying in the Void).* I see no need to justify something that is mentioned in a published work, something which I don't think is some hyperbolic metaphor needing philosophers' interpretation, but maybe it is so what's your POVs? I know it's a small thing for the entire legendarium, but for the sake of fair reasoning, your final thoughts, please. *Is that paragraph from Valaquenta canonical or not?* --[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] ([[User talk:LordoftheEarth|talk]]) 12:56, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

:Yes, I agree that passage deserves to be included, carefully tho. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] ([[User talk:LorenzoCB|talk]]) 13:39, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

::Can you expand on this? I took the paragraph to mean that Sauron too went into the Void because it says the "path down into the Void" not the path of villainy or something like that (nowhere does it say that one must *physically* be expelled into the Void; Gandalf's spirit, for one, may have passed through it after his initial death, but yeah, that may not be the most solid argument for Sauron's ousting there) I mean why would J.R.R. or Christopher mention descent into the Void in that condensing of Sauron's career? But anyway, what is your interpretation, Lorenzo, and again how do you think it should be included? --[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] ([[User talk:LordoftheEarth|talk]]) 15:04, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

:::Regarding the passage in question and why I did not include it in the first place:
:::1. It must be weighed against several statements that I've cited, not just from ROTK, but also the Letters and HOME, that Sauron's spirit was not dismissed "from the world to which it was bound until the end" (as JRRT put it in Letter 200). Lordoftheearth seems to be focusing exclusively on the words of Gandalf quoted in the paragraph and not the citations to the other sources.
:::2. It seems to me to be not literal but literary; note the simile "like a shadow" and the obviously metaphorical sense of "path." Unless we are to understand also that Sauron was ''literally'' a ghost of Morgoth's malice and ''literally'' tread in Morgoth's very footsteps.
:::3. It is now included in full twice in the article: once as the header and once at the end of the history section. In its second instance, I contextualized it as what I understand it to be: a metaphorical summary of Sauron's whole career of evil and ultimate downfall, not a literal statement of his spirit's final disposition.

:::Providing more rationale for why we have reason to believe that the post-death condition of Sauron's spirit is different to Melkor's:
:::The 1977 ''Silmarillion'' states that Melkor was "thrust through the Door of Night beyond the Walls of the World, into the Timeless Void." ''Morgoth's Ring'', Text VII (p. 403) clarifies the meaning of this. The entire page is relevant here, but in brief:
::::"[Morgoth was] taken out of the Blessed Realm and ''executed'' [...] We read that he was then thrust out into the Void. That should mean that he was put outside Time and Space, outside Eä altogether; but if that were so this would imply a direct intervention of Eru (with or without supplication of the Valar). It may however refer inaccurately to the extrusion or flight of his spirit from Arda." [emphasis original]
:::The significance of this is that it establishes that it was necessary for powerful divine forces to take specific and direct action to expel Morgoth's spirit from Arda (or possibly Creation itself) after the death of his body. In Morgoth's case we are explicitly told that they did so.
:::Compare this to the death of Sauron: in the narrative Gandalf said nothing to suggest that the Valar or Eru have taken such an action, and JRRT explicitly stated in external commentary (as cited in the article and quoted above) that Sauron's spirit was not "dismiss[ed]" from the world to which it was bound.
:::The passage from the Valaquenta has validity, as does everything else JRRT wrote, but it must not be understood in a vacuum or as a totalizing statement that supersedes all else.
:::Lordoftheearth, in your edit summary you expressed your ungenerous belief that I was ignorant of the Valaquenta when I described Sauron's fate. I hope that the foregoing demonstrates that your belief was mistaken. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 17:32, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

::::You didn't cite the Letter last time, nor before. But your point's taken now, I'll remove Sauron being in the Void on the Void article.--[[User:LordoftheEarth|LordoftheEarth]] ([[User talk:LordoftheEarth|talk]]) 17:50, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

== Does Sauron qualify as a shapeshifter? ==

I know he takes different forms, but is it like a glamour, or is he physically changing shape?
I think I read somewhere that he changed shape with the power of the ring, but he shapeshifted in the Silmarillion before the forging of the ring, so... is he just a shapeshifter or what?
- Lúme Corelion, 23:37, 3 December 2022 (ET)

:Check '''[[fana]]'''. As a [[Maia]], Sauron could change his physical form at will, by nature. However, from we know he is probably the one who changed forms most times. He could also make a new body, but having his body destroyed several times make it hard, to the point he could not have a fair form again. Wearing his Ring (a source of his power) would help him a lot to make a new form, but the mere existence of the object allowed it, hence he already had a physical form at the time of the War of the Ring. That's why the destruction of the One was vital. I guess he can be called a shapeshifter, outstading among other Valar and Maiar. Please, avoid the talkpages for mere lore discussion. Use the channels [[Chat|in Discord]] devoted for that. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] ([[User talk:LorenzoCB|talk]]) 09:42, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

== Halbrand ==

Hello.It has been revealed in episode ''Alloyed'' of ''The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power'' series that Sauron and Halbrand are the same person.That is why I suggest the page Halbrand be merged with Sauron. Should the page Halbrand be merged with Sauron or not?And if not, then why? Here, the page Annatar is merged with page Sauron.Why the same thing is not done with the page Halbrand?Is it a matter of adaptation? I mean this happens because we see it only in adaptation and not in writings of J.R.R. Tolkien? Here,the page Mordirith was once a standalone page, and now it is merged with the page Eärnur.And this is something that does not happen in writings of J.R.R. Tolkien, and this is something we see it only in ''The Lord of the Rings Online''.Is it understood what I am saying? --[[User:Γιάννης Ευαγγελίου]] [[User talk:Γιάννης Ευαγγελίου|talk]], 12.04, 03 December 2022 (UTC)

:We will discuss this when the Second Season comes out. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] ([[User talk:LorenzoCB|talk]]) 14:08, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

::And what will happen for now? --[[User:Γιάννης Ευαγγελίου]] [[User talk:Γιάννης Ευαγγελίου|talk]], 12.11, 03 December 2022 (UTC)

:::If you want, you can help improving all the ROP articles, or the hundred of artiles in TG waiting for it. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] ([[User talk:LorenzoCB|talk]]) 14:18, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

::::I don't understand.Why the page Halbrand is not merged with Sauron page? This can happens now.Then, why this is not happening? --[[User:Γιάννης Ευαγγελίου]] [[User talk:Γιάννης Ευαγγελίου|talk]], 12.26, 03 December 2022 (UTC)

:::::Because Halbrand is not revealed as Sauron till the last episode. There is too much info to be included in a section within the Sauron article. Also, it is the "big reveal" of the first season, which finished too recently. It is fair to wait to the second season to do that. Having this article makes no harm and you are being rude by insisting so much when I already made it clear from the beginning we have to wait. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] ([[User talk:LorenzoCB|talk]]) 14:47, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

I didn't merge the page Halbrand with Sauron page.I just suggested it. Nothing more. --[[User:Γιάννης Ευαγγελίου]] [[User talk:Γιάννης Ευαγγελίου|talk]], 12.58, 03 December 2022 (UTC)

== Infobox ==

I think the Evil infobox fits the Sauron page much better than the Maiar infobox. The black of the box goes perfectly with the image and it is specified in said box that Sauron is of the Maiar. The Maiar infobox is not inaccurate in any way; however, it does not fit the feel of the rest of the page. Sauron is evil; he should be depicted so. There are very many places in the Legendarium where Tolkien makes darkness a sign of evil. Of course, there is nothing wrong with the Maiar infobox, and this is a very small complaint, but I do think the page might look much better if the infobox is set back to Evil. [[User:QuickbeamTheGreen|QuickbeamTheGreen]] ([[User talk:QuickbeamTheGreen|talk]]) 03:33, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection

2024-03-19T03:18:10Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Other Great Tales of Middle-Earth */

= Collection =

=== Lord of the Rings ===

* [[Fellowship of the Ring]]
* [[The Two Towers]]
* [[The Return of the King]]

=== Other Great Tales of Middle-Earth ===

* [[The Silmarillion]]
* [[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]
* [[Beren and Lúthien]]
* [[The Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[The Children of Húrin]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part One]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part Two]]
* [[The War of the Jewels]]

=== Miscellaneous ===

* [[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]
* [[Tales from the Perilous Realm]] (on Audible)

=== [[David Day]] ===

* The Battles of Tolkien, ISBN {{{isbn|9781645171317}}}
* The Illustrated World of Tolkien, ISBN {{{isbn|9781626868533}}}

=== Games ===

* [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]

Old Forest Road

2024-03-19T03:15:22Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* History */ added link for elf path

{{disambig-two|the Dwarf-road through Mirkwood|Dwarf-road of the First Age|[[Dwarf-road of Beleriand]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Old Forest Road
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Way of the Dwarves (translation), Men-i-Naugrim, Forest Road
| location=Running from the [[Misty Mountains]] through central [[Mirkwood]] to the [[River Running|Celduin]]
| type=
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=Used by [[Dwarves]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
The '''Old Forest Road''', also called the '''Men-i-Naugrim''', or just the '''Forest Road''',<ref name=UT>{{UT|7a}}, Note 14</ref> was the main route through the great forest originally known as [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] and later as [[Mirkwood]].

== Route ==
The road ran from the [[Great Gates|east gate]] of the underground dwarven city originally known as [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and later as Moria north along the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains]] over the upper course of the river [[Gladden]] to the lowest point where a bridge over the [[Anduin]] could be built and then straight east across the vale of the Anduin and through Mirkwood forest to a bridge across the [[River Running]] and then north-east over open land to the iron mines<ref name=NM>{{NM|P3xx}}</ref> in the [[Iron Hills]]<ref name=note>{{PM|XNotes}}, note 30</ref>. This part of the road eventually fell into disrepair and the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]] lost contact with [[Moria]]. A road that descended from the [[Pass of Imladris]] was also part of the Dwarf Road.<ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Roads'' (2) (v)</ref> The latitude of the eastern part of the road was halfway between the ancient Dwarven meeting-place at [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] to the north, and Moria to the south.<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref>

== History ==
The stone-bridge over the Anduin and the first miles of the road through Greenwood were built by the [[Longbeards|Longbeard]] [[dwarves of Moria]] and the bridge over the River Running was built by [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills|their kin]] from the Iron Hills in the [[First Age]]. The road was completed during the early [[Second Age]] when [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains|many dwarves]] emigrated from the [[Blue Mountains]] to Moria and to the Iron Hills.<ref name=NM/>

The road enjoyed a large amount of traffic until the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]],<ref name=NM/> which began in {{SA|1693}}.<ref>{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 1693, p. 1083</ref>

Near the end of the [[Second Age]], probably between {{SA|3431}} and {{SA|3434|n}},<ref>{{App|SA}}, entries for the years 3431 and 3434, p. 1084</ref> the stone bridge across the Anduin was specially enlarged and strengthened to carry the armies of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]].<ref name=UT/>

By the time of the [[Quest of Erebor]] in {{TA|2941}}<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2941, p. 1089</ref> the stone bridge over the Anduin had been lost and the river was crossed at the [[Old Ford]]. [[Thorin and Company]] intended to use the Old Forest Road to travel through Mirkwood, but [[Beorn]] warned them that the road from the Pass of Imladris to the entrance of the Old Forest Road at the western edge of Mirkwood was often used by [[Orcs|Goblins]] and that he had heard that the road was overgrown and disused at the eastern end and led to impassable [[Long Marshes|marshes]] near the River Running where the paths had long been lost.<ref name=lodg>{{H|Queer}}</ref> He instead recommended they use the [[Elf-path]], a secret path made by the [[Elves of Mirkwood]].

It is possible that the Old Forest Road was repaired and used again after the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 25, p. 1094</ref> because the host of [[Lórien]] destroyed [[Dol Guldur]], the forest was cleansed and all the wide forest between the [[Mountains of Mirkwood]] in the north and the [[Narrows of the Forest]] in the south was given to the [[Beornings]] and the [[Woodmen]] by [[Thranduil]] and [[Celeborn]].<ref>{{App|Great}}, p. 1094</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Men-i-Naugrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name.<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-729506707.html|articlename=S. ''Men-i-Naugrim'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=09 March 2022}}</ref> It means "Way of the Dwarves" or "Dwarf Road".<ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Men-i-Naugrim''</ref> It is a compound of ''[[men (Elvish)|men]]'' ("road, way"), ''[[i]]'' ("the") and ''[[Naugrim]]'' ("dwarves").<ref name=Eldamo/>

== External links ==
* [http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/06/27/where-did-the-old-forest-road-in-mirkwood-lead-to/ Where Did the Old Forest Road in Mirkwood Lead To?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{references}}

[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Roads and streets]]

[[de:Alte Waldstraße]]
[[fi:Vanha Metsätie]]

Gilmith

2024-03-08T03:05:38Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Etymology */ Italicized the g

{{gondorian infobox
| name=Gilmith
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Dol Amroth]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=c. {{TA|2000}} (exact date unknown)
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Dol Amroth]]
| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, [[Elves|Elven]] mother
| parentage=[[Imrazôr]] and [[Mithrellas]]
| siblings=[[Galador]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Gilmith''' was the daughter of [[Imrazôr]], a man of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent, and [[Mithrellas]], a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] [[Elves|Elf]]-maiden who accompanied [[Nimrodel]] before getting lost. Imrazôr took Mithrellas in. They married and had two children, Gilmith and [[Galador]]. Mithrellas later ran away and was never seen again. Galador would later become the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 220-2</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Gimlith'' is probably a [[Sindarin]] name. It likely means "Grey Star," and is a compound of [[Gil|''gil'']] ("star") and [[Mith|''mith'']] ("grey").

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | IMR |y| MIT |IMR=[[Imrazôr]] ''{{TA|1950}} - {{TA|2076|n}}''|MIT=[[Mithrellas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | GAL | | GIL |GAL=[[Galador]] ''{{TA|2004|n}} - {{TA|2129|n}}''|GIL='''GILMITH''' ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | DOL | | | | |DOL=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|''Princes of Dol Amroth'']]}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Gilmith]]
[[fi:Gilmith]]

Gilmith

2024-03-08T03:04:59Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: Added probable etymology. If this is wrong please change it

{{gondorian infobox
| name=Gilmith
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Dol Amroth]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=c. {{TA|2000}} (exact date unknown)
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Dol Amroth]]
| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, [[Elves|Elven]] mother
| parentage=[[Imrazôr]] and [[Mithrellas]]
| siblings=[[Galador]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Gilmith''' was the daughter of [[Imrazôr]], a man of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent, and [[Mithrellas]], a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] [[Elves|Elf]]-maiden who accompanied [[Nimrodel]] before getting lost. Imrazôr took Mithrellas in. They married and had two children, Gilmith and [[Galador]]. Mithrellas later ran away and was never seen again. Galador would later become the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 220-2</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Gimlith'' is probably a [[Sindarin]] name. It likely means "Grey Star," and is a compound of [[Gil|g''il'']] ("star") and [[Mith|''mith'']] ("grey").

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | IMR |y| MIT |IMR=[[Imrazôr]] ''{{TA|1950}} - {{TA|2076|n}}''|MIT=[[Mithrellas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | GAL | | GIL |GAL=[[Galador]] ''{{TA|2004|n}} - {{TA|2129|n}}''|GIL='''GILMITH''' ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | DOL | | | | |DOL=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|''Princes of Dol Amroth'']]}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Gilmith]]
[[fi:Gilmith]]

Dûn

2024-03-05T00:22:52Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Cognates */ changed nume to numen

'''''dûn''''' is a noun meaning "west" in [[Sindarin]].

==Etymology==
[[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[NDÚ]].

==See also==
* [[Dúnedain]] = "Men of the West"
* [[Nan Dungortheb]] = "Valley of the Horrible West"
* [[Annûn|annún]]

==Cognates==
*[[Quenya]]: ''[[númen]]''
*[[Adûnaic]]: ''[[adûn]]''

{{references}}
* ''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' by [[Ruth S. Noel]]
* [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]
{{title|lowercase}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dun}}
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

Angmar conflict

2024-02-27T16:03:32Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: Undo revision 386503 by QuickbeamTheGreen (talk)

{{unnamed}}{{sources}}{{cleanup}}
{{War
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]
| next=[[War of the Ring]]
| name=Angmar war
| image=
| begin={{TA|1356}}
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})
| place=Throughout [[Eriador]] (last conflict occurred in the upper [[Vales of Anduin]])
| result=Victory for the [[Free Peoples]]
*Destruction of [[Angmar]]
*Ruin of the successor realms of [[Arnor]]
*Remaining [[Northern Dúnedain]] become [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]]
*The [[Eótheód]] settle the upper [[Vales of Anduin]]
| battles= First Invasion of Angmar, [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], Weather Hills skirmishes, [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], Eótheód Incursion
|side1=[[Men of Arnor]] [[Gondorians]] [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] [[Eotheod|Eótheód]] Forces of [[Rivendell]] [[Galadhrim]] [[Elves of Lindon]] [[Shire-hobbits]]
|side2=Forces of [[Angmar]]
|commanders1=
* [[Argeleb I]]†
* [[Arveleg I]]†
* [[Araval]]
* [[Araphor]]
* [[Arvedui]]
* [[Eärnur]]
* [[Frumgar]]
* [[Círdan]]
* [[Elrond]]
* [[Glorfindel]]
|commanders2=
* [[Witch-king of Angmar]]
|}}

The '''Angmar war''' was a centuries-long struggle between the [[Men of Arnor]] and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].

==Background==
After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], due to tension between Eärendur's sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' of [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

==History==
===Prelude===
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']]
During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), the realm of [[Angmar]] was established by the [[Witch-king]], beyond the [[Ettenmoors]], with the intention of weakening the Northern Dunedain. It was not yet known that the Witch-king was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain (which also extended into the upper [[Vales of Anduin]]) with [[Orcs]], evil Men, and fell creatures.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Early Conflicts===
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan, this claim was recognized; however, Rhudaur resisted the claim for an evil lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance lay with Angmar, seized power since the Dúnedain there were few. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]], but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the forces of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Fall of Cardolan===
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its ''palantír'' was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the [[last prince of Cardolan]] perished.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Fog on the Barrow-downs", pp. 144-5; Index, 'Cardolan, [[Last prince of Cardolan|last prince of]]' </ref> The remaining Dúnedain in Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Círdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was subdued for centuries.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire|the Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss, but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] with [[Elves of Lindon]] and [[Rivendell]] won a battle in [[Cardolan]] ({{TA|1851}})<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210</ref> but was unable to reoccupy it; in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

===Alliance with Gondor===
Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Soon Ondoher was slain in battle and hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and chose [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] as their king. Eärnil nonetheless maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor's strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing its final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from [[Vales of Anduin]], under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Fall of the North-kingdom===
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running out, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King's whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the ''palantíri'' of Fornost and Amon Sûl.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Defeat of Angmar===
{{main|Battle of Fornost}}
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king's palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor's strength. Once Círdan summoned the [[Elves of Lindon]] and what remained of the [[Men of Arnor]], the allied host marched across the [[Lune]] to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]. The Host came down from [[Hills of Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the forces of Angmar began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the forces of Angmar and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to [[Carn Dûm]] but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince [[Eärnur]]. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from [[Rivendell]] and the remnants of Angmar's army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay [[Eärnur]], but fled upon the appearance of [[Glorfindel]]. So utterly was the host of Angmar crushed that not a single Man or Orc of that realm remained west of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern [[Vales of Anduin]], and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, thus being the final act of the centuries-long conflict.<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref>

===Aftermath===
The destruction brought about by the war left Eriador heavily depopulated and the North-kingdom in shambles. Arvedui's son [[Aranarth]] would not take any kingship but took the title of [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] for his people, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], were too few and took to a [[Ranger of the North|secretive, nomadic lifestyle]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

The [[Shire-folk]] survived, though war swept over them and most of them fled into hiding. Afterwards in the peace that followed the Shire-folk ruled themselves and prospered. They chose a [[Thain]] to take the place of the King, and were content; though for a long time many still looked for the return of the [[King of Arnor|King]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the [[Men of Bree]], who called it [[Deadmen's Dike]]. Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] was [[Arnor]] and its great cities, [[Annúminas]] and [[Fornost Erain]], restored under King [[Aragorn II Elessar]].<ref>{{RK|VI7}}</ref><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.<ref>{{UT|9}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[Category:Wars]]

Angmar conflict

2024-02-27T16:00:25Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: Changed the next war

{{unnamed}}{{sources}}{{cleanup}}
{{War
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]
| next=[[Kin-Strife]]
| name=Angmar war
| image=
| begin={{TA|1356}}
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})
| place=Throughout [[Eriador]] (last conflict occurred in the upper [[Vales of Anduin]])
| result=Victory for the [[Free Peoples]]
*Destruction of [[Angmar]]
*Ruin of the successor realms of [[Arnor]]
*Remaining [[Northern Dúnedain]] become [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]]
*The [[Eótheód]] settle the upper [[Vales of Anduin]]
| battles= First Invasion of Angmar, [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], Weather Hills skirmishes, [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], Eótheód Incursion
|side1=[[Men of Arnor]] [[Gondorians]] [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] [[Eotheod|Eótheód]] Forces of [[Rivendell]] [[Galadhrim]] [[Elves of Lindon]] [[Shire-hobbits]]
|side2=Forces of [[Angmar]]
|commanders1=
* [[Argeleb I]]†
* [[Arveleg I]]†
* [[Araval]]
* [[Araphor]]
* [[Arvedui]]
* [[Eärnur]]
* [[Frumgar]]
* [[Círdan]]
* [[Elrond]]
* [[Glorfindel]]
|commanders2=
* [[Witch-king of Angmar]]
|}}

The '''Angmar war''' was a centuries-long struggle between the [[Men of Arnor]] and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].

==Background==
After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], due to tension between Eärendur's sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' of [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

==History==
===Prelude===
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']]
During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), the realm of [[Angmar]] was established by the [[Witch-king]], beyond the [[Ettenmoors]], with the intention of weakening the Northern Dunedain. It was not yet known that the Witch-king was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain (which also extended into the upper [[Vales of Anduin]]) with [[Orcs]], evil Men, and fell creatures.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Early Conflicts===
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan, this claim was recognized; however, Rhudaur resisted the claim for an evil lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance lay with Angmar, seized power since the Dúnedain there were few. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]], but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the forces of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Fall of Cardolan===
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its ''palantír'' was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the [[last prince of Cardolan]] perished.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Fog on the Barrow-downs", pp. 144-5; Index, 'Cardolan, [[Last prince of Cardolan|last prince of]]' </ref> The remaining Dúnedain in Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Círdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was subdued for centuries.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire|the Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss, but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] with [[Elves of Lindon]] and [[Rivendell]] won a battle in [[Cardolan]] ({{TA|1851}})<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210</ref> but was unable to reoccupy it; in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

===Alliance with Gondor===
Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Soon Ondoher was slain in battle and hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and chose [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] as their king. Eärnil nonetheless maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor's strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing its final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from [[Vales of Anduin]], under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Fall of the North-kingdom===
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running out, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King's whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the ''palantíri'' of Fornost and Amon Sûl.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

===Defeat of Angmar===
{{main|Battle of Fornost}}
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king's palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor's strength. Once Círdan summoned the [[Elves of Lindon]] and what remained of the [[Men of Arnor]], the allied host marched across the [[Lune]] to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]. The Host came down from [[Hills of Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the forces of Angmar began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the forces of Angmar and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to [[Carn Dûm]] but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince [[Eärnur]]. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from [[Rivendell]] and the remnants of Angmar's army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay [[Eärnur]], but fled upon the appearance of [[Glorfindel]]. So utterly was the host of Angmar crushed that not a single Man or Orc of that realm remained west of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern [[Vales of Anduin]], and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, thus being the final act of the centuries-long conflict.<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref>

===Aftermath===
The destruction brought about by the war left Eriador heavily depopulated and the North-kingdom in shambles. Arvedui's son [[Aranarth]] would not take any kingship but took the title of [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] for his people, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], were too few and took to a [[Ranger of the North|secretive, nomadic lifestyle]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

The [[Shire-folk]] survived, though war swept over them and most of them fled into hiding. Afterwards in the peace that followed the Shire-folk ruled themselves and prospered. They chose a [[Thain]] to take the place of the King, and were content; though for a long time many still looked for the return of the [[King of Arnor|King]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the [[Men of Bree]], who called it [[Deadmen's Dike]]. Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] was [[Arnor]] and its great cities, [[Annúminas]] and [[Fornost Erain]], restored under King [[Aragorn II Elessar]].<ref>{{RK|VI7}}</ref><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.<ref>{{UT|9}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[Category:Wars]]

Primitive Quendian

2024-02-25T00:15:55Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: Changed Tt to It

{{expansion}}
'''Primitive Quendian''' is the proto-language of the '''[[Quendi]]''', or [[Elves]], which they spoke soon after their [[Awakening of the Elves|Awakening]].

==History==
It is said traditionally that the first Elves who awoke at [[Cuiviénen]], they first looked at the [[stars]] and immediately exclaimed ''ele''! ("behold"); from this first word came the word for star, ''[[elen]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 360</ref>

Then the first Elves began to devise names for the various things they encountered in the world. For this reason, they referred to themselves as Quendi ("speakers") as they had not met any other creatures that spoke or sang. In time, the speech of the Elves began to develop into a form of language. The Elves were later discovered by the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Oromë]], who dubbed them the [[Eldar]] (meaning "star-folk" in their tongue). He invited the Elves to live with the Valar in [[Valinor]], the Uttermost West, where they would be protected from the monstrous creatures of [[Melkor]].

Those who undertook the [[Great Journey]] to the West adopted the Eldar name, while others chose to remain in their original homelands in the East. This latter group was known as the [[Avari]] ("unwilling"). The sundering of the Elven kindreds led to the first split in their language's development. During the long years of the Journey, the language of the Eldar changed and evolved into a form known as [[Common Eldarin]]. The language of the Avari however developed along different lines in the eastern lands, eventually splitting into the various [[Avarin]] tongues. As the ages passed and the languages of the Elves continued to change amid migrations, war, and the rise and fall of kingdoms, there were few (if any) of the [[Firstborn]] left in [[Middle-earth]] who still remembered the earliest form of their speech.

==Use within the legendarium==
Primitive Quendian is a retroactive term used by the loremasters for the earliest ancestor of the Elvish languages. The etymologies published in ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' and later etymological essays often derived terms common to [[Eldar]]in languages from Primitive Quendian bases, and a list of some Primitive Quendian words is given in an essay ''[[Quendi and Eldar]]'' (in ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'').

'''See also: [[Languages]]'''

==Inspiration==
According to [[Ross Smith]], the description of how [[Elves]] created languages encapsulates Tolkien's notions about the birth of language. In that primitive stage, there was an original semantic unity among sign, signifier, and signified, which then fragmented into more complex systems, resulting in speech and naming. According to Smith, Tolkien's views coincide with those of [[Owen Barfield]].<ref>Ross Smith, "Linguistic and Aesthetic Theory in Tolkien" [[Cormarë Series]] No. 12</ref>
{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/primelv.htm Primitive Quendian page at Ardalambion]

{{languages}}
[[Category:Primitive Elvish]]
[[Category:Primitive Quendian| ]]
[[fi:Alkuhaltiakieli]]

Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan

2024-02-15T04:51:37Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: Changed incomplete to expansion because their hasn't been an edit for almost 8 years, made some grammatical fixes

{{expansion}}
{{ut-chapters}}
'''''Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan''''' is a chapter in the book ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published posthumously by his son, [[Christopher Tolkien]].

==Synopsis==
The chapter explores the friendship between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]]. [[Cirion]], worried about the [[Balchoth]] threat, sends [[Borondir|Borondir Udalraph]] to seek help from the [[Éothéod]]. Borondir meets [[Eorl]] and presents him the [[Red Arrow]]; their band eventually came to the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]].

We see then see oath of Cirion about the alliance of the two people over the [[Tomb of Elendil]], the gifting of [[Calenardhon]] to the Éothéod for their new home as [[Rohan]]. Then there is a discussion about the [[Tradition of Isildur]] concerning the Tomb of Elendil.

The text is part of another essay of Tolkien, "[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]" which was published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'', Number 42]].

[[fi:Cirion ja Eorl (KTK)]]

Herumor

2024-02-09T02:00:02Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added see also

__NOTOC__
{{disambig-two|the [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]]|character in ''[[The New Shadow]]''|[[Herumor (The New Shadow)]]}}
{{numenorean infobox
| name=Herumor
| image=[[File:Isabella Pavani - Herumor.png|250px]]
| caption="Herumor" by [[:Category:Images by Isabella Pavani|Isabella Pavani]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Harad]]
| affiliation=[[Black Númenóreans]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=Late [[Second Age]]
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Herumor''' was a [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]] who lived in the late [[Second Age]].<ref group=note>Based on the ordering of events in the chapter [[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]], he appears to have been a lord among the [[Haradrim]] at some point after the [[Downfall of Númenor]], dating him to {{SA|3319}} or later. The order of events is not entirely clear, and an argument could be made that he lived slightly earlier, but he certainly belonged to the closing centuries of the [[Second Age]].</ref> Herumor was among those [[Númenóreans]] who sailed east from [[Númenor]] to establish fortresses and dwellings along the coasts during Sauron's stay in [[Númenor]] (from {{SA|3262}} to {{SA|3319}}) and were already bent to Sauron's will. Herumor rose to power among the [[Haradrim]]. It is possible that Herumor was among those Númenórean servants from the south that Sauron gathered to him when he prepared to attack [[Gondor]] in {{SA|3429}} after he had taken shape again after the [[Downfall of Númenor]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
{{Pronounce|Herumor.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Herumor'' is [[Quenya]]. Its meaning is not glossed, but as Paul Strack explains, it seems to mean "Black Lord", being a compound of
''[[heru]]'' ("lord") + ''[[morë]]'' ("dark, black").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=http://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3301232385.html|articlename=Q. ''Herumor'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=25 November 2021}}</ref> [[Christopher Tolkien]] also suggests that the initial element of this name is Q. ''[[heru]]'' ("lord").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''heru''</ref>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
In the defunct [[Middle-earth Role Playing]] game from the 1980s, Herumor is given an extended history. [[Fuinur]] is then his older brother. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]], however, had nothing to do with writing this history.

{{notes}}

== See Also ==

* [[Fuinur]]
{{References}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Black Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]

[[de:Herumor]]
[[fi:Herumor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens_noirs/herumor]]

House of Haleth

2024-01-31T20:16:49Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* In Beleriand */ changed brothers to sons

{{Noble House infobox
| name=House of Haleth
| image=[[File:LorenzoCB - Haleth device.png|250px]]
| caption=
| othernames='''People:''' ''Haladin'' ([[Mannish|M]]) ''Halethrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) Folk of Haleth, Men of Brethil, Men of Haleth, People of Haleth
| founder=[[Haleth]] took command of her people after her father [[Haldad]] was slain by [[Orcs]]
| leader=[[Halad]]
| location=[[Thargelion]], [[Brethil]], later [[Númenor]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| destroyed={{FA|501}}
| language=[[Mannish]] tongue ([[Halethian]]); [[Sindarin]] (rarely)
| members=[[Haldad]], [[Haleth]], [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]], [[Brandir]], [[Dorlas]]
| race=[[Edain]]
| distinctions=
| height=Smaller than the [[Bëorians]]
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=Axes
| heirlooms=
| gallery=Haladin
}}
The [[House of Haleth]] was the second House of the [[Edain]] to come over the [[Blue Mountains|Ered Luin]] into [[Beleriand]] and survived longest of all three houses, owing to their defensive strategy during the [[Wars of Beleriand]].

The followers of [[Haldad]] and his descendants would become the '''Folk of Haleth''', the '''Haladin''', the '''Halethrim''', '''Men of Brethil''', '''Men of Haleth''', and the '''People of Haleth'''.

==History==
=== Origins ===
{{main|Pre-Númenóreans}}
The [[pre-Númenóreans|ancestors]] of the Haladin moved from [[Hildórien]] to the [[Westlands|West]]. During their migration they joined the [[Drúedain]] near the [[White Mountains]] and stayed with them on friendly terms.{{fact}}

When the core of their team was pressed to wander on, some Drúedain accompanied them northwards{{fact}}, passing through the [[Gap of Rohan|opening between]] the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[White Mountains]]. Many stayed behind because of the dense forest covering the [[Minhiriath]] and the western half of [[Enedwaith]] between the [[Greyflood]] and the [[Isen]] and became herd-tenders. Their descendants were peoples in the forests of the shore-lands south of the [[Blue Mountains]], especially in Minhiriath<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>

Their kin of the White Mountains apparently were later driven off (from the most part) by [[Men of Darkness]] during the [[Dark Years]], removed to the southern dales of the [[Misty Mountains]] and thence some passed into the empty lands until the [[Barrow-downs]], from whom came the [[Men of Bree]].<ref name=F>{{App|Men}}</ref>

===In Beleriand===
[[File:Steamey - Funeral of Haldad and Haldar.jpg|thumb|''Funeral of Haldad and Haldar'' by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]]]
The Haladin entered Beleriand in {{FA|312}}.<ref>{{WJ|14}}, p. 227</ref> They came secretly in small parties in the woods of [[Ossiriand]], and were in strife among themselves. The [[Laegil]] were unfriendly to them. Their numbers are not known, but they were probably more than 2000.<ref name=atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

Unlike The [[House of Bëor]] before them and the [[House of Hador]] after, they did not advance to [[Estolad]] but instead dwelt without leave in the south of [[Caranthir]]'s realm of [[Thargelion]].<ref name=guide/> The Haladin had no overall leader and so settled in scattered groups in that region.

[[Morgoth]] already knew about the coming of hostile Men to Beleriand and sent his servants to afflict the Haladin.<ref name=atani/> So their style of living came to an end in {{FA|375}} when a host of orcs assaulted their territory. In answer to this [[Haldad]] took command of the people, building [[Gelion-Ascar Stockade|a stockade between]] the angle of the rivers [[Gelion]] and [[Ascar]] south of [[Sarn Athrad]]. There he led the [[Battle of the Gelion-Ascar Stockade|defence of his people]] until he and his son [[Haldar]] were slain whereupon his daughter [[Haleth]] took up the leadership of the house and held out for a week until Caranthir's army could relieve them.<ref name=guide/>

In honour of the valiance of Haleth, Caranthir offered the House of Haleth a feif in his lands but Haleth declined and instead led her people away passing through Estolad and [[Nan Dungortheb]] before temporarily inhabiting [[Talath Dirnen]]. King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] granted to Haleth the [[Forest of Brethil]] on condition that she defended the [[Crossings of Teiglin]]. She led then her people (now known as the '''Halethrim''', the '''House of Haleth''' in her honour) and they settled as woodsmen centered around the capital of [[Amon Obel]]. For the following years they guarded the northern flank of [[Nargothrond]].<ref name=guide/> Both Doriath and Brethil refused to play any great part in [[War of the Jewels|the war]] of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and their allies and only seldom did the Haladin march to war alongside them.

Eventually Haleth died but as she had produced no heirs the title of [[Chieftain of the Haladin]] returned to her brother Haldar's line and to his son [[Haldan]]. During his rule, in {{FA|436}}<ref>{{GA|161|note}}</ref> there was a great feast of the Edain, when two of his grandchildren married into the [[House of Hador]]; [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]], his heir married Hador's daughter [[Glóredhel]], while [[Hareth]] married Hador's son [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]].<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> Hareth's famed sons [[Húrin]] and [[Huor]] were fostered for a while by Haldir in Brethil.

Haldan ruled for 31 years before dying leaving the leadership of the house to his son [[Halmir]]. Four years after in {{FA|455}}, [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]] in the [[Dagor Bragollach]]. As usual, the Halethrim played no active part in the battle but fought the hosts of orcs that threatened their realm with the aid of the [[Sindar]] of Doriath under [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]].

After the loss of [[Dorthonion]], their numbers were joined by refugees from the [[House of Bëor|First House]].<ref name=guide/>

After the fall of [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]], the Haladin were harassed by frequent Orc-raids in the Crossings from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]].<ref name=guide/>

When the [[Union of Maedhros]] was formed, Halmir offered the aid of the House of Haleth and made preparations for war but a year prior to the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] he died and the promise was left for his son Haldir to fulfill. Haldir took part in the battle where the Haladin covered the retreat of [[Fingon]] and suffered heavy losses on [[Anfauglith]]. Haldir was slain alongside his brother [[Hundar]].<ref name=guide/>

The son of Haldir [[Handir]] took up the leadership but he himself was slain in one of the many orc raids on Brethil at that time and the position passed to his son [[Brandir]]. Their defeat allowed the forces of the enemy to access and [[sack of Nargothrond|sack Nargothrond]].<ref name=guide/>

=== Decline ===
After the death of [[Handir]] the Haladin dwindled and became more reclusive but survived on. They remained in their woods, occasionally ambushing Orcs at the Crossings.<ref name=guide/>

It was during the reign of Brandir that [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] son of Húrin came to Brethil and became in all but name its leader, leading them in warfare in much the same manner as he had the elves of [[Nargothrond]]. Túrin's presence brought the dragon [[Glaurung]] to Brethil and though Túrin succeeded in slaying the beast, he slew Brandir in a rage as the final threads sparing him from his doom unravelled. Túrin's suicide ended that period in the history of the Haladin.

But their dealings with Húrin and his cursed kin were not yet over for Húrin himself came among them after twenty eight years of captivity in Angband. Now a broken man he succeeded in sparking a civil war in the House of Haleth owing to his perception of the treatment of his [[Morwen|wife]] whom he found at the [[Stone of the Hapless|grave of their children]]. [[Obel Halad]] was burnt and all potential heirs slain or driven away in the anarchy that followed.<ref>{{WJ|Hurin}}, pp. 291-4</ref> In that way did the House of Haleth cease to be in the year {{FA|500}}. The Drúedain who had dwelt in Beleriand were reduced to a few families of mainly women and children, who fled to the [[Mouths of Sirion]].<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}, third paragraph</ref>

Few of the Folk of Haleth had survived the [[War of Wrath]] and the ruin of Beleriand,<ref>{{PM|Ros}}, Note 17</ref> and in the [[Second Age]] some of them, with the Drúedain living with them, settled the island of [[Númenor]] with the other Edain.<ref>{{UT|12c}}, note 7</ref>

==Characteristics==
[[File:Turner Mohan - Haleth and guardswomen.jpg|thumb|''Haleth and guardswomen'' by [[:Category:Images by Turner Mohan|Turner Mohan]]]]
Little information is given as to the physical characteristics of the House of Haleth, save for the fact that they were shorter in stature than those of the House of Bëor.<ref name=Druedain>{{UT|12c}}, note 2</ref><ref name=West>{{S|West}}</ref> The were described as being similar in appearance to members of the House of Bëor, suggesting dark or brown hair and grey eyes.<ref name=West/>

The Haladin belonged to a different branch than the other Edain of the west, and differed in a number of ways. They spoke [[Halethian]], an unrelated dialect of [[Mannish]],<ref name="guide" /> and although some of them learned [[Sindarin]] to communicate with the [[Eldar]] and the other Edain, they were not fluent in it.<ref name=atani/>

Their numbers were fewer<ref name=guide/> and their birth rates were slightly enough to compensate for their losses to the war; women were fewer than men, and many remained unwed.<ref name=atani/><ref name=note>{{PM|XNotes}}, #50</ref>

They were secretive and conservative, unwilling to adopt new things and customs, remaining apart, preferring solitude and to protect their woodlands instead of allying themselves with the [[Elves]] and participating to the greater events. They had their own customs and practices that seemed strange to the Elves and Edain alike, like their ancient practice of having women warriors and amazons (like Haleth, who had a picked bodyguard of women),<ref name=atani/> perhaps owing to their small numbers.<ref name=note/>

Indeed, they excelled in forest warfare, and Orcs, even especially trained for this, dared not to cross their borders. They had a few dealings with the outsiders except their participation to the War where they proved loyal allies; reflecting their population, they sent small companies (rarely women<ref name=note/>) beyond their borders, who were esteemed as redoubtable warriors.<ref name=atani/>

In battle they bore axes.<ref name="guide">{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Haladin"</ref>

==Other names==
'''''Haladin''''' is the [[Mannish]] term for this house, literally meaning "Wardens".<ref name=Wardens>{{WJ|I}}, p. 270</ref> '''''Halethrim''''' is the rarely seen [[Sindarin]] rendering for "People of Haleth".<ref>{{CH|17}}, p. 247</ref>

==Terminology==
In the notes to the ''[[Wanderings of Húrin]]'', [[Christopher Tolkien]] points out an interesting usage of the term ''Haladin''. It would seem that [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] at some point intended ''Haladin'' to refer only to the House of Haleth and not the Folk of Haleth as a whole.<ref name=Wardens/> In an isolated slip, headed ''Names'', Tolkien also considered changing the term for a ruler of the People of Haleth from ''Halad'' to ''Halbar'', meaning "Chieftain."<ref>{{WJ|I}}, p. 309</ref>

Whether this definition of ''Haladin'' would have survived into the final intent is questionable. This article takes the more widely used definition of referring to the entire People of Haleth.

==Genealogy==
A dagger symbol '†' signifies those who did not die of old age. A name preceded by '#*' indicates a ruler of the house, with the number specifying the order.

<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HDD| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HDD=1* [[Haldad]] ''315-375'' † <ref group="note">Haldad was slain in the [[Battle of the Gelion-Ascar Stockade]].</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HTH| |HDR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HTH=2* [[Haleth]] ''341-420''|HDR=[[Haldar]] ''341-375'' † <ref group="note">While trying to recover his father's body at the Battle of the Gelion-Ascar Stockade, Haldar was slain.</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HDN| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HDN=3* [[Haldan]] ''366-451''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HMR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HMR=4* [[Halmir]] ''390-471''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |GAL|y|HRT| | | | | |HLD|y|GLO| |HUN| |HIR|y|ENT| | |GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]] ''417-462'' †|HRT=[[Hareth]] ''b. 420''|HLD=5* [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]] ''414-472'' † <ref group="note">Haldir died in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]].</ref>|GLO=[[Glóredhel]] ''415-472'' †|HUN=[[Hundar]] ''418-472'' † <ref group="note">Hundar was a member of Haldir's army and died in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.</ref>|HIR=[[Hiril]] ''b. c. 422''|ENT=[[Enthor]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |RIA|y|HUO| |HUR|y|MOR| | | |HAN| |HUL| |HDD| |MEL|y|AGA|RIA=[[Rían]] ''450-472'' †|MOR=[[Morwen]] ''441-501''|HUO=[[Huor]] ''444-472'' †|HUR=[[Húrin]] ''441-502'' †|HAN=6* [[Handir]] ''441-495'' † <ref group="note">Handir died in an attack by [[Orcs]] north of the [[Forest of Brethil]].</ref>|HUL=[[Hunleth]] ''b. 443''|HDD=[[Hundad]] ''b. 447''|MEL=[[Meleth]] ''unknown''|AGA=[[Agathor]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;|IDR|y|TUO| |TUR| |LAL| |NIE| |BRA| | | | | |HDG| |HTR| |MTR|IDR=[[Idril]] ''b. Y.T.''|TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. 472''|TUR=[[Túrin]] ''464-499'' †|LAL=[[Lalaith]] ''466-469'' †|NIE=[[Nienor]] ''473-499'' †|BRA=7* [[Brandir]] ''465-499'' † <ref group="note">In wrath [[Túrin]] slew Brandir, refusing to believe Brandir's words about [[Nienor|Níniel's]] being Túrin's sister.</ref>|HDG=8* [[Hardang]] ''470-501'' † <ref group="note">The Folk of Brethil were angered by Hardang actions and burned the [[Hall of the Chieftains]]. Hardang attempted to escape but was hit with a spear in his back and he perished.</ref>|HTR=[[Hunthor]] ''467-499'' † <ref group="note">Just after Hunthor saved Túrin from falling into the river, a stone struck Hunthor's head and he was lost in the [[Taeglin]].</ref>|MTR=[[Manthor]] ''469-501'' † <ref group="note">While returning from giving [[Morwen]], [[Húrin|Húrin's]] wife, a proper burial, Manthor was shot with an arrow by [[Avranc]].</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |EAR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''b. 503''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

===Notes===
<references group="note"/>
{{References}}
[[Category:House of Haleth| ]]
[[Category:Mannish noble houses|Haleth]]
[[de:Haus Haleth]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:peuple_de_haleth]]
[[fi:Halethin kansa]]

Dag

2024-01-27T01:03:50Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added a stub

__NOTOC__{{Stub}}

'''dag''' "slay"
==Etymology==
[[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[NDAK]]<ref>{{HM|LR}}, [[The Etymologies]] p. 375</ref>
==Other forms==
*''degi'' (inf)
*''danc'' pa. t.
*''dangen'' p.p.
==See also==
*''[[dagnir]]
*''[[dagor]]
*[[Dagmor]]

==Cognates==
*[[Quenya]] ''[[nahta]]'' (not direct cognate since it has the ending ''-ta'')
{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Sindarin verbs]]

21 March

2024-01-13T23:12:54Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: Corrected the year from 3018 to 3017

<noinclude>{{month|March}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1923]]''' – Voice actor [[Peter Pratt]] is born.
* '''[[1956]]''' – [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to E. Rasdall|a letter to E. Rasdall]].
* '''[[1957]]''' – [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 196]].
* '''[[1966]]''' – [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to George Sayer (21 March 1966)| a letter to George Sayer]].
* '''[[1967]]''' – [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Humphrey Carpenter|a letter to Humphrey Carpenter]].
* '''[[1968]]''' – Actor [[Greg Ellis]] is born.
* '''[[1974]]''' – Actor [[Joseph Mawle]] is born.
* '''[[2007]]''' – ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]: [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'', "The City of Kings" is released in North America.
* '''[[2011]]''' – [[The Lord of the Rings Online#Update 2: Echoes of the Dead|Update 2: Echoes of the Dead]], the second update of ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'', is released in North America.
* '''[[2011]] – Principal photography for [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]'' begins.'''

==In Arda==
* {{TA|2510}}:
** [[Borondir]] is on his way in search of the [[Éothéod]].
* {{TA|3017}}:
** [[Aragorn]] delivers [[Gollum]] as a prisoner to [[Thranduil]] of Mirkwood.
* {{TA|3019}}:
** {{Cal Travel-Host}}
** [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] continue their journey along the road to [[Barad-dûr]].
** New Moon<noinclude><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. xlix</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Dates|081]]
[[de:21. März]]
[[fi:21. maaliskuuta]]
</noinclude>

Girdley Island

2023-12-14T18:03:08Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added an image to show where it is

[[File:Christopher Tolkien - A Part of the Shire.jpg|thumb|[[A Part of the Shire]] by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]
'''Girdley Island''' was an island located in the [[Brandywine]] River, north of the [[Brandywine Bridge]].<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref>
==Etymology==
[[David Salo]] suggests a possible [[Old English|Old Hobbitish]] etymology from *''Gyrdlieg'' "girdle-island".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c35b63ee6a6c41e9862d6|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]|accessed=20 March 2013}}</ref> "Girdle" probably refers to its being 'girdled' (enclosed) between the river-branches.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. lviii</ref>

As in [[Rushey]], the ending ''[[Wiktionary:ey#Old_Norse|-ey]]'' means "island" in [[Old Norse]] and is found in English island names (cf. [[Wikipedia:Gurnsey#Etymology|Gurnsey]]).
{{References}}
[[Category:Islands]]
[[Category:The Shire]]

[[de:Gürtelinsel]]
[[fi:Paulasaari]]

User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection

2023-12-12T05:40:38Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

= Collection =

=== Lord of the Rings ===

* [[Fellowship of the Ring]]
* [[The Two Towers]]
* [[The Return of the King]]

=== Other Great Tales of Middle-Earth ===

* [[The Silmarillion]]
* [[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]
* [[Beren and Lúthien]]
* [[The Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[The Children of Húrin]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part One]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part Two]]

=== Miscellaneous ===

* [[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]
* [[Tales from the Perilous Realm]] (on Audible)

=== [[David Day]] ===

* The Battles of Tolkien, ISBN {{{isbn|9781645171317}}}
* The Illustrated World of Tolkien, ISBN {{{isbn|9781626868533}}}

=== Games ===

* [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]

User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection

2023-12-12T05:39:53Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: Undo revision 383572 by QuickbeamTheGreen (talk)

= Collection =

=== Lord of the Rings ===

* [[Fellowship of the Ring]]
* [[The Two Towers]]
* [[The Return of the King]]

=== Other Great Tales of Middle-Earth ===

* [[The Silmarillion]]
* [[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]
* [[Beren and Lúthien]]
* [[The Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[The Children of Húrin]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part One]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part Two]]

=== Miscellaneous ===

* [[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]
* [[Tales from the Perilous Realm]] (on Audible)

=== [[David Day]] ===

* The Battles of Tolkien, {{{isbn|9781645171317}}}
* The Illustrated World of Tolkien, {{{isbn|9781626868533}}}

=== Games ===

* [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]

User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection

2023-12-12T05:39:23Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

= Collection =

=== Lord of the Rings ===

* [[Fellowship of the Ring]]
* [[The Two Towers]]
* [[The Return of the King]]

=== Other Great Tales of Middle-Earth ===

* [[The Silmarillion]]
* [[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]
* [[Beren and Lúthien]]
* [[The Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[The Children of Húrin]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part One]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part Two]]

=== Miscellaneous ===

* [[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]
* [[Tales from the Perilous Realm]] (on Audible)

=== [[David Day]] ===

* The Battles of Tolkien, {{isbn|9781645171317}}
* The Illustrated World of Tolkien, {{isbn|9781626868533}}

=== Games ===

* [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]

User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection

2023-12-12T05:38:45Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added more books

= Collection =

=== Lord of the Rings ===

* [[Fellowship of the Ring]]
* [[The Two Towers]]
* [[The Return of the King]]

=== Other Great Tales of Middle-Earth ===

* [[The Silmarillion]]
* [[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]
* [[Beren and Lúthien]]
* [[The Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[The Children of Húrin]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part One]]
* [[The Book of Lost Tales: Part Two]]

=== Miscellaneous ===

* [[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]
* [[Tales from the Perilous Realm]] (on Audible)

=== [[David Day]] ===

* The Battles of Tolkien, {{{isbn|9781645171317}}}
* The Illustrated World of Tolkien, {{{isbn|9781626868533}}}

=== Games ===

* [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]

Cape Balar

2023-12-09T00:46:55Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

{{stub}}
'''Cape Balar''' was the small cape that lay to the south-west of [[Arvernien]], and marked the northern limit of the [[Bay of Balar]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Capes]]
[[fi:Balarinniemi]]

Eilenach

2023-12-02T21:55:01Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added link for beacon hills

[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Eilenach.jpg|thumb|[[Matěj Čadil]] - ''Eilenach'']]
'''Eilenach''' was the second of the seven [[beacon-hills]] of [[Gondor]], after [[Amon Dîn]] in the east, and it was the highest point of the [[Drúadan Forest]]. It had a sharp summit, incapable of sustaining a large fire. Its main purpose was to relay the fire of Amon Dîn to [[Nardol]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref name=VT42/><ref name=RC/>

On the night of [[7 March]] {{TA|3019}} [[Gandalf]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], riding east on [[Shadowfax]], saw the beacons being lit to call for aid from [[Rohan]].<ref>{{RK|V1}}</ref>

==Etymology==
On the origin of the name, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] wrote ''Eilenach'' is "probably an alien name, not [[Sindarin]], not [[Númenor|Númenórean]], or [[Westron|Common speech]]."<ref name=VT42>{{VT|42a}}, p. 19</ref><ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, p. 510</ref> Perhaps it was [[pre-Númenórean]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Eilenach.jpg|thumb|left|Eilenach in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
: King [[Théoden]] and his riders make a stop beneath Eilenach on their way through the [[Drúadan Forest]]. The player and [[Herefara]] patrol Eilenach to make sure it is clear of enemies.

{{references}}
{{beacons}}
[[Category:Mannish words]]
[[Category:White Mountains]]
[[de:Eilenach]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:montagnes_blanches:eilenach]]
[[fi:Eilenach]]

Misty Mountains

2023-11-21T01:22:03Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Other versions of the legendarium */ added ambarkanta

{{location infobox
| name=Misty Mountains
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Misty Mountains looking West from the Eyrie towards Goblin Gate.jpg|250px]]
| caption="The Misty Mountains looking West from the Eyrie towards Goblin Gate" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Hithaeglir'' ([[Sindarin|S]])The Mountains of MistTowers of Mist Line of Misty Peaks
| location=Between [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]
| type=Mountain range
| description=
| regions=
| towns=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], numerous [[Orc-holds]] including [[Goblin-town]]
| inhabitants=[[Dwarves]][[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|Orcs ]][[Trolls]][[Giants]][[Eagles]]
| created=[[Years of the Trees]]
| destroyed=
| events=The [[Great Journey]] of the Elves, awakening of [[Durin|Durin I]], awakening of the [[Balrogs|Balrog]], dominion of the Orcs, [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]
| gallery=the Misty Mountains
}}
<center>{{quote|Far over the misty mountains cold To dungeons deep and caverns old We must away ere break of day To seek the pale enchanted gold.|''[[Far over the misty mountains cold]]'' by [[Thorin and Company]]}}</center>
The '''Misty Mountains''', '''Mountains of Mist''' or '''Towers of Mist'''<ref name=s3/> ('''''Hithaeglir''''' in [[Sindarin]]<ref group="note">The Hithaeglir were misspelled as "Hithaiglin" on the original ''[[The Lord of the Rings|Lord of the Rings]]'' map. </ref> as a plural; translated also '''Line of Misty Peaks'''<ref>{{S|Index}} s.v. ''Hithaeglir''</ref>) was a great mountain range that lay between [[Eriador]] in the west and the Great River [[Anduin]] in the east.

==Geographic features==
In the far north, the Misty Mountains met the [[Grey Mountains]] and the [[Mountains of Angmar]], forming a '''T'''; The Mountains of Angmar comprising the western "arm", the Grey Mountains the Eastern "arm", and the Misty Mountains the stem.<ref name=map/> They ran 900 miles (1,448 kilometres)<ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', Regional maps, "The Misty Mountains"</ref> to the [[Gap of Rohan]] in the south, where they approached the [[White Mountains]]. The Gap was a valley between the southernmost peak of the Misty Mountains and the northernmost of the White Mountains, creating an important pass.<ref group="note">[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimates in the ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' that some of the peaks may have been as high as 12,000 feet (3,660 meters), comparable to the Alps in Europe. Tolkien had visited the Alps in his youth and was greatly impressed by them.</ref>

The lands around the Misty Mountains included several notable forests, rivers and kingdoms, such as [[Angmar]], [[Eregion]], [[Dunland]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Fangorn]].<ref name=map/> While Elves guarded both sides of the Misty Mountains, few ever crossed over them.

===Important peaks===
The northernmost peak of the Misty Mountains can be considered Mount [[Gundabad]],<ref name=map/> where according to legend, [[Durin]], eldest of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], awoke. Later it became a [[Orc-holds|haven for Orcs]].

The greatest [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] realm in Middle-Earth, [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], was located at the midpoint of the Misty Mountains. The city was built under three peaks, called the [[Mountains of Moria]]: Redhorn (''[[Caradhras]]'' in Sindarin), Silvertine (''[[Celebdil]]'') and Cloudyhead (''[[Fanuidhol]]'').<ref name=south>{{FR|South}}</ref> Inside Silvertine the Dwarves built the [[Endless Stair]], a stairway from the depths of the mountain to its peak.

The southernmost mountain was [[Methedras]], which was Sindarin for "Last Peak".<ref name=map>{{FR|Map}}</ref>

===Passes===
[[Image:Alan Lee - The Pass of Caradhras.jpg|thumb|250px|''The Pass of Caradhras'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
The most important passes were the [[High Pass]] and the [[Redhorn Pass]]. The former was used by [[Bilbo Baggins]] on his way to [[Erebor]], and the latter was used by [[Frodo]], in an attempt to pass over the mountains. There was also a pass at the source of the [[Gladden River]].<ref name=south/>

===Rivers===
Many rivers had their sources issuing from the Misty Mountains.

On the Eastern facing (from North to South);
* [[Langwell]]
* [[Rhimdath]]
* [[Gladden]]
* [[Celebrant]]
* [[Nimrodel]]
* [[Limlaith]]
* [[Entwash]]
On the Western facing (from North to South);
* [[Mitheithel]]
* [[Bruinen]]
* [[Sirannon]]
* [[Glanduin]]
On the Southern facing;
* [[Isen]]

==History==
===Origins===
The Misty Mountains were created by the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Morgoth|Melkor]] during the [[Years of the Trees]] as a hindrance for [[Oromë]], who would hunt his fell creatures. They would later serve as a deterrent for the Elves during the [[Great Journey]], causing some to turn south. The Elves that would not cross the Misty Mountains would become the [[Nandor]].<ref name=s3>{{S|Captivity}}</ref><ref>{{AA|60-2}}, pp. 82-83</ref>

===Inhabitants===
It is said that ancient [[bears]] lived in the Mountains until [[Giants]] arrived and the bears left to the lowlands.<ref name=queer>{{H|Queer}}</ref>

The great Dwarven city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] (later called the "Black Pit" of [[Moria]]) was located near the middle of the mountain chain. There [[Durin's folk]] lived for thousands of years with a kingdom which spread as far north as Gundabad and as far east as the [[Iron Hills]].

At the southern tip of the Misty Mountains, beneath Methedras, was [[Isengard]], which was originally a [[Gondor|Gondorian]] fortress but was later given to [[Saruman]].

Around {{TA|1050|n}}, the [[Harfoots]] migrated west across the Misty Mountains, fleeing the ever more numerous Men and the Shadow growing in [[Mirkwood]], thus the [[Hobbits]] entered history. Later the other two groups of Hobbits, the [[Stoors]] and [[Fallohides]], migrated west as well, until by 2500 no Hobbits could be found east of the mountains.

When the Dwarves were strong, the mountains were generally free of Orcs, but when the [[Shadow]] was strong, Orcs bred in Mount Gundabad, in [[Goblin-town]], later in Moria itself, and everywhere in between. In {{TA|1300}} the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] started increasing and harassing the [[Dwarves]].<ref name=b2>{{App|B2}}</ref>

The awakening of [[Durin's Bane]] drove the Dwarves from their city. It also seems that some Dwarves, either before or after the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], dwelt on the eastern side of the mountains near Goblin-town.

In {{TA|2480}} the Orcs began establishing secret strongholds in the Mountains barring all the passes to [[Eriador]] from [[Rhovanion]], while Sauron populated Moria with his creatures.<ref name=b2/>

Near the east exit of Goblin-town the Eagles kept an [[Eagle's Eyrie|eyrie]] to keep watch on the Orcs.<ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref><ref>{{FR|South}}</ref>

[[Gandalf]] believed that it was the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] that had driven the people of [[Beorn]] away, and he promised to return there.<ref name=queer/>

[[Thorin and Company]] used the High Pass to cross the Misty Mountains, and witnessed the mysterious [[Giants]]. Later they were captured by the Orcs of Goblin-town.<ref>{{H|Hill}}</ref>

It seems that Beorn's people returned to the Mountains. Once the Orcs were decimated, the [[Beornings]] kept open the passages of the [[Ford of Carrock]] and the [[High Pass]] in return for tolls.<ref name=council/>

The [[Fellowship of the Ring]] faced the challenge to pass the Mountains. They decided to avoid the High Pass or the Gap of Rohan because of the threat of Orc patrols and Saruman's forces. They attempted to cross Redhorn Pass, but a powerful blizzard blocked it, forcing them to journey through Moria. There [[Gandalf]] was lost trying to stop Durin's Bane, and after falling into the abyss, he chased him up to the Dwarven [[Endless Stair]] and [[Battle of the Peak|fought on the peak]] of Silvertine.<ref>{{TT|White}}</ref>

It is said that in the [[Fourth Age]] [[Durin VII]] led the Dwarves back to Moria.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name of the Misty Mountains, '''''hithaeglir''''', consists of ''[[hîth]]'' ("mist") and ''aeglir'' ("line of peaks").<ref>{{L|180}}</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In the [[The Ambarkanta]] [[Ambarkanta maps|maps]] the Misty Mountains are not present, but the [[Great Journey]] map is present. The Misty Mountains would have to be in the North-Lands, between the [[Blue Mountains]] and [[Orocarni|Red Mountains (Orocarni)]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The Misty Mountains are renamed the Barricade Mountains, and encircle Mirkwood, which in turn encircles Dale and the Lonely Mountain.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The Fellowship decides to take the [[Caradhras|Pass of Caradhras]] over the Misty Mountains after learning that the passage South was being watched. A blizzard caused by Saruman forces the Company to go under the Mountains, through [[Moria]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Misty Mountains appear as both a major game region and within other game areas. The region of "Misty Mountains" consists of the part of the mountain range adjacent to Rivendell Valley, including both [[High Pass]] and [[Goblin-town]]. The mountain range in a broader sense can also be accessed from other in-game regions, including the pass Caradhras in [[Eregion]], former settlement of Dwarves under [[Thrór]] in eastern [[Enedwaith]], a village on the slopes of mount [[Methedras]] in [[Dunland]], the cliffs of [[Zirakzigil]] in Moria and the eastern slopes of the Mountains in [[Lothlórien]].

'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''
:While travelling across the Misty Mountains [[Thorin and Company]] are impeded by Stone Giants during a storm. They take refuge in a cave, which leads them to fall into [[Goblin-town]] and are rescued by Gandalf, eventually escaping out onto the East side of the mountain.

{{references|notes}}

[[Category:Misty Mountains]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]

[[de:Nebelgebirge]]
[[fi:Sumuvuoret]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/monts_brumeux]]

Ambarkanta maps

2023-11-21T01:21:17Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Later Details */ added link for chasm of ilmen

The '''''Ambarkanta'' maps''' refer to a set of five maps and diagrams drawn by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and associated with his work "[[Ambarkanta|''Ambarkanta'': The Shape of the World]]" (a text attributed to [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]). The maps were reproduced in ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' ([[1986]]).

===Diagram I===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map I.jpg|thumb|Diagram I]]
Diagram I of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the [[Changing of the World]], from West to East and from zenith to nadir. The great mass of land making up much of [[Arda]] is named here as '''[[Ambar]]''', the earth. The farthest reaches of Ambar are designated ''[[Númen]]'' and ''[[Rómen]]'', West and East. The central landmass of Ambar is here named '''[[Middle-earth|Pelmar]]''' as well as ''Ambarendya''. The midmost point is named ''[[Endor]]''. To the [[Belegaer|west]] and [[East Sea|east]] of the central landmass is written '''Ear''', the seas. Spanning from the west shore of the west sea to the east shore of the east sea is '''[[Vista]]''', the lower airs. In these airs is written ''Aiwenore'', "Bird-land", and above it is ''Fanyamar'', "Cloud-home". Above Vista and all around Ambar is '''[[Ilmen]]''', the upper airs. These can be seen to cover the lands of [[Aman]] and the [[Uttermost East]], spanning also beneath '''[[Martalmar]]''', the roots of the Earth. Written in the span of Ilmen are its other names, ''Tinwë-mallë'' and ''Elenarda'', meaning "Star-street" and "Stellar Kingdom" respectively. Surrounding all of Ambar is '''[[Vaiya]]''', the [[Ekkaia|Encircling Seas]]. Beyond Vaiya there is only '''Kúma''' and '''Ava-Kúma''', the near and outer [[Void]]. Separating Vaiya from Kúma are the '''[[Ilurambar]]''', the Walls of the World pierced at Ando Lómen, the '''[[Door of Night]]''' in the West. At the very bottom of the diagram is written '''Ilu''', an early name for the world of Arda.<ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}}

Vaiya, that flows completely around the world, forms a sea below it. [[Ulmo]] the Lord of Waters dwells in Vaiya, below the Martalmar.<ref>{{SM|5b}}</ref> Much later, some pencilled changes and additions give ''Earambar'' for '''[[Ilurambar]]''', ''[[Hidden Half]]'' right under '''[[Martalmar]]''' and Arda for '''Ilu''' in the title. Pencilled notes at the right-hand bottom corner is too faint to make out after the words "Alter story of Sun" ; that on the left reads : "Make world always a globe but larger than now. Mountains of East and West prevent anyone from going to Hidden Half". <ref name=Ambar>{{SM|Ambar}}</ref>{{rp|242 - 243}}

===Diagram II===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram II.jpg|thumb|Diagram II]]
Diagram II of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda before the Changing of the World, from North to South. Once again, '''Ambar''' is shown to consist of '''Endor''' at its upper regions and '''Martalmar''' in its lowermost depths. '''Vista''' covers Endor from the north to south, with '''Ilmen''' surrounding all of Ambar, though much less so in the north and south than in the west and east as shown before. '''Vaiya''' encircles all the world of '''Ilu''', separated from '''Kúma''' by the '''Earambar'''. To the farthest reaches of either end of the world there is written ''[[Formen]]'' and '''[[Hyarmen|Harmen]]''', North and South.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|244 - 245}}
 
===Diagram III===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Diagram III.jpg|thumb|Diagram III]]
Diagram III of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the shape of Arda after the Changing of the World. Here the entirety of '''Ambar''' is made round: the '''Old Lands''' of the flat Arda now make up one half of Arda made round, and the '''New Lands''' are made to form Arda's other half. '''Vista''' becomes the lower atmospheres, while '''Ilmen''' becomes the upper atmospheres and the regions of outer space. '''Valinor''' and '''Eressëa''' are shown here to dwell within Ilmen. Beyond Ilmen there is still '''Vaiya''', and the voids beyond it. Passing away from the curvature of the earth and into Valinor within Ilmen is the '''[[Straight Road|Straight Path]]'''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|246 - 247}}
 
===Map IV===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map IV.jpg|thumb|Map IV]]
Map IV of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]] and before the [[Battle of the Powes|War of the Gods]]. The waters and airs of '''Vaiya''' and '''Ilmen''' can be seen encircling the lands, with the '''[[Chasm of Ilmen]]''' separating the earth from Vaiya. In the region designated ''"West - Númen"'' lies '''Valinor''', and the city of '''[[Valmar]]'''. The far northeast and southeast regions of Valinor are named here as '''[[Araman|Eruman]]''' and '''[[Avathar|Arvalin]]'''. Along the coasts is written ''Westland or Westerness''. In the middle of Valinor on the east coast is the city of '''[[Tirion|Tún]]''', near to the mountain of '''[[Taniquetil|Taniqetil]]'''. Running to the north and south of Taniquentil are the '''[[Pelóri|Mountains of Valinor]]''', and on the coast of the '''Bay of Elfland''' is ''Eldaros (Elvenhome)''. A string of islands called '''[[Enchanted Isles|The Enchanted Magic Isles]]''' and the '''Shadowy Isles''' lie to the east of Valinor within the '''Belegaer or Great West Sea'''.

Valinor is separated from '''Pelmar''' or '''Middle-earth''' in the east by the '''Straits of Ice''' in the south and the '''[[Helcaraxë|Helkarakse]]''' in the north. In the very northernmost regions of Middle-earth near to the Helkarakse is '''[[Falas|Falasse]]''', the western coast of '''[[Beleriand]]'''. Running along the northern regions of Middle-earth are the '''[[Iron Mountains]]''', barring '''[[Utumno|Utumna]]''' from the rest of the world. On Beleriand's eastern borders run the '''[[Blue Mountains]]''', mirrored on Middle-earth's eastern side across the ''Northlands'' by the '''[[Orocarni|Red Mountains]]'''. In the south of the Northlands between the Blue and Red Mountains lies the '''[[Sea of Helcar|Sea of Helkar]]''', and on its eastern end there is '''[[Cuiviénen|Kuivienen]]'''. In the very center of Ambar near the west of the ''Mid-land'' there is written ''Earth-middle'' and ''Endor''. East of the Mid-land are the '''[[Mountains of the Wind]]''', the western border of '''[[Hildórien]]'''. In the ''Southland'' of Middle-earth is the '''[[Sea of Ringil]]''', between the '''[[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains]]''' in the west and the '''[[Yellow Mountains]]''' in the east. The southernmost point of Middle-earth is marked ''South'' and ''Harmen''.

To the east of Middle-earth are the '''[[Uttermost East|Lands of the Sun]]''', called also the ''Eastlands or Easterness''. Separating the two continents is the '''East Sea''', two more Straits of Ice lying at the northernmost and southernmost ends. In these lands lie the '''[[Walls of the Sun|Mountains or Walls of the Sun]]'''. The farthest east point of Ambar is designated ''"East - Rómen"''.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|248 - 249}}
 

===Map V===
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map V.png|thumb|Map V]]
Map V of the ''Ambarkanta'' maps details the lands of Arda after the War of the Gods and before the Changing of the World. Surrounding the lands of Arda are the '''Outer Seas''' of ''Utgarsecg''', the Old English name of Vaiya. Here '''Aman''' and the '''Outer Lands (Valinor)''' are shown again in the west of the world, with the regions of '''Araman''' in the north and '''Arvalin''' in the south. A little south of Araman are the havens of '''[[Alqualondë|Alflon]]'''. In the center regions of Aman are the '''[[Two Trees]]''', '''Tún''', '''Valmar''', and '''Taniquetil'''. To the east of the shores of Valinor lies the '''Bay of Faery'''. At its northernmost point, the lands of Aman are still linked to the '''Hither Lands''' by the '''Helkaraksë''', leading across the northern regions of '''Belegar''' the ''Great Seas''. Given here also is the Great Sea's Old English name ''Ingarsecg''.

In this map, details of the lands of '''Beleriand''' can now be seen. The lands of '''[[Hithlum]]''' and the fortress of '''[[Angband]]''' and '''[[Thangorodrim]]''' lie to the north near '''[[Dor Daedeloth|Daidelos]]''', the northern wastes. Dividing the northern and southern regions of Middle-earth is the '''[[Great Gulf]]''' (possibly named here also as ''Beleglorn''), with the '''[[Straits of the World]]''' linking the Gulf to the '''Inland Sea'''.

To the southwest of the world lie the '''[[Dark Land|Dark Land (South Land)]]''', separated from Middle-earth by the expanded '''East Sea'''. In the far east of the world lie the '''Burnt Lands of the Sun''', along with the '''Walls of the Sun''' near to the western shores.<ref name=Ambar/>{{rp|250 - 251}}

==Later Details==
In ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' ([[1987]]), [[Christopher Tolkien]] provided additional, redrawn versions of the regions of the furthest North in Map V, in order to "enlarge and clarify..., adding letters to make references to it plainer." Here can be seen the closeness of '''Hithlum''' and the '''Helkaraksë''' to the '''[[Chasm of Ilmen]]''' at the edge of the world. Also shown is the river '''[[Sirion]]''' and the firth of '''[[Drengist]]''' cutting into the mountains of Hithlum. Not far to the northeast of Hithlum lies '''Angband''' and '''Thangorodrim''', and to Hithlum's southeast lies the realm of '''[[Dorthonion]]''' and the hidden city of '''[[Gondolin]]'''.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 270 - 271</ref>
<gallery>
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 1.jpg|Christopher Tolkien's First Map
File:Christopher Tolkien - Northern Beleriand 2.jpg|Christopher Tolkien's Second Map
</gallery>

{{references}}
{{maps}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ambarkanta'' maps}}
[[Category:Maps of Arda]]
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram I]]
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram II]]
[[fi:The Ambarkanta:Diagram III]]
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map IV]]
[[fi:The Ambarkanta: Map V]]

Timeline of Galadriel

2023-11-20T03:37:29Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* 1981 */ added link for silvan elves

[[File:John Howe - Galadriel 01.jpg|thumb|250px|''Galadriel'' by [[John Howe]]]]
A timeline of the life of '''[[Galadriel]]''' throughtout the [[Ages]]. Important dates of close relatives are also included. Many dates and events here presented were not clearly defined, but they follow the narrative proposed in the main article.
==[[First Age]]: [[Years of the Trees]]==
==={{YT|1362|n}}===
* [[Galadriel]] is born in [[Eldamar]].<ref>{{AA|86|note}}, p. 106</ref>

==={{YT|1490|n}}===
* Unrest of the Noldor.<ref>{{AA|§99-100}}</ref> Galadriel loses her inner peace forever.<ref name=Case>{{PM|Case}}, pp. 337-8</ref>

==={{YT|1495|n}}===
* [[Darkening of Valinor]] and speech of [[Fëanor]] in [[Tirion]]. Galadriel supports the [[Exile of the Noldor]].<ref>{{AA|§129-135}}</ref>
* [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]].<ref>{{AA|§149-150}}</ref> Galadriel fights against Fëanor defending her kin.<ref name=Case/>

==={{YT|1496|n}}===
* [[Doom of Mandos]].<ref>{{AA|§151-156}}</ref> [[Finarfin]] retreats to [[Valinor]], but Galadriel keeps forward, wishing to make Fëanor's life impossible.<ref name=Case/>

==={{YT|1497|n}}===
* Fëanor and [[House of Fëanor|his followers]] abandone the rest of the Noldorin hosts in Aman, burning the stolen ships. Galadriel leads her people along with [[Finrod]], and [[Fingolfin]] and his sons, and they begin their hard travel through [[Helcaraxë]].<ref>{{AA|§162-163}}</ref>

==={{YT|1500|n}}===
* The [[Moon]] rises for the first time, lighting the hosts of Fingolfin when reaching the Northern Lands.<ref>{{AA|173}}</ref>

==[[First Age]]: [[Years of the Sun]]==
==={{FA|52|n}}===
* Galadriel and [[Finrod]] are guests in [[Doriath]]. Finrod soon departs to the [[Caves of Narog]], but she stays.<ref>{{GA|75}}</ref> She befriends [[Celeborn]] and [[Melian]].<ref name=Noldor>{{S|15}}</ref>

==={{FA|66|n}}===
* Galadriel is enquired by Melian, and the rebelious nature of the Exile of the Noldor is exposed.<ref>{{GA|§91-99}}</ref>

==={{FA|67|n}}===
* Galadriel is visited by her brothers in Doriath, and [[Thingol]] reproaches them having concealed the story of the [[Kinslaying]] from him. They depart, but she stays.<ref>{{GA|§101-107}}</ref>

==={{FA|102|n}}===
* [[Nargothrond]] is finished and the [[children of Finarfin]], are reunited in a feast there, including Galadriel coming from Doriath. She stays there for a while and asks Finrod about his love life.<ref>{{GA|§108-109}}</ref>

==={{FA|420|n}}===
* Melian foretells Galadriel about [[Beren|a Man]] who shall cross into Doriath moved by a doom greater than the [[Girdle of Melian]].<ref>{{GA|129}}</ref>

==={{FA|455|n}}===
* [[Dagor Bragollach]]. Deaths of [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]].<ref>{{GA|§145-146}}</ref>

==={{FA|465|n}}===
* Autumn: Death of Finrod while being in captivity by [[Sauron]].<ref>{{GA|§198-199}}</ref>

==={{FA|495|n}}===
* Autumn: [[Fall of Nargothrond]]. Death of [[Orodreth]].<ref>{{GA|275}}</ref>

==={{FA|545|n}}===
* The [[Host of the Valar]] arrives to [[Beleriand]],<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 346</ref> Finarfin leading the Noldor for the [[War of Wrath]].<ref>{{S|24}}</ref>

==[[Second Age]]==
===c. {{SA|1|n}}===
* Galadriel and Celeborn are married "soon after the overthrow of Morgoth".<ref name=Scales>{{NM|P1ix}}, pp. 65-6</ref>

===1-20===
* Galadriel and Celeborn leave [[Lindon]] before [[Gil-galad]] becomes its king, apparently thanks to her influence.<ref>{{NM|P1xi}}, p. 81</ref> They settled at [[Lake Nenuial]] along with many followers.<ref name=Concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>{{rp|235}}

===c. {{SA|300|n}}===
* Her daughter [[Celebrían]] is born.<ref name=Scales/>

===c. {{SA|500|n}}===
* [[Sauron]] begins to stir Middle-earth.<ref name=Second>{{App|B1}}, pp. 1083-4</ref> Galadriel pervices this evil coming from the East.<ref name=Concerning/>{{rp|235}}

===c. {{SA|700|n}}===
* Galadriel and Celeborn move eastwards and establish themselves in [[Eregion]] near [[Moria]]. She seeks the friendship of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the [[Nandor]] of [[Lórinand]].<ref name=Concerning/>{{rp|236}}

==={{SA|750|n}}===
* The realm of Eregion is founded,<ref name=Second/> and the building of its chief city, [[Ost-in-Edhil]], is begun.<ref name=Concerning/>{{rp|236}}

==={{SA|883|n}}===
* She has a meeting with King [[Aldarion]] when he came to [[Tharbad]].<ref>{{UT|4}}, ''The further course of the narrative'', pp. 205-6</ref>

==={{SA|1200|n}}===
* Sauron tries to seduce the Eldar,<ref name=Second/> but finds in Galadriel his main adversary.<ref name=Concerning/>{{rp|237}}

==={{SA|1350|n}}-1400===
* Sauron moves [[Celebrimbor]] and the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] against Galadriel, who leaves Eregion via Moria to Lórinand.<ref name=Concerning/>{{rp|237}}

===c. {{SA|1600|n}}===
* The treachery of Sauron is discovered when he forges [[the One Ring]].<ref name=Second/>

==={{SA|1693|n}}===
* The [[Three Rings]] are hidden<ref name=Second/> by counsel of Galadriel. Celebrimbor gives her [[Nenya]].<ref name=Concerning/>{{rp|237}}

==={{SA|1700|n}}===
* Sauron is defeated with the help of [[Númenor]] after the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] and the [[Sack of Eregion]].<ref name=Second/>

===c. {{SA|1701|n}}===
* "Soon after" the war, she is affected with [[Sea-longing]] and decides to dwell near the Sea. Instead she first travels to Imladris with Celebrían, seeking for Celeborn.<ref name=Concerning/>{{rp|240}}
* In Imladris she attends the [[White Council|first Council]].<ref name=Concerning/>{{rp|239}}

==[[Third Age]]==
==={{TA|109|n}}===
* Celebrían and [[Elrond]] are married.<ref name=Third>{{App|TA}}</ref>{{rp|1085}}

===c. {{TA|1100|n}}===
* The [[Wise]] (including Galadriel, who is one of the chief Eldar), discover an evil dwelling in [[Dol Guldur]] and they believed it is one of the [[Nazgûl]].<ref name=Third/>{{rp|1085}}

==={{TA|1981|n}}===
* After the apparition of [[Durin's Bane]], Moria is emptied. Many [[Silvan Elves]] of Lórien fly south.<ref name=Third/>{{rp|1087}}
* Around this time, Galadriel and Celeborn become the [[Lord and Lady of Lórien]].<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, pp. 243-5</ref>

==={{TA|2463|n}}===
* The [[White Council]] is formed.<ref name=Third/>{{rp|1087}}

==={{TA|2510|n}}===
* Celebrían departs to the West.<ref name=Third/>{{rp|1087}}
* She aids [[Eorl]] and his [[Rohirrim|riders]] in the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], creating a white mist that drives out the shadows from Dol Guldur.<ref>{{UT|8b}}, pp. 298-9</ref>

==={{TA|2851|n}}===
* The White Council meets. The idea of attacking [[Dol Guldur]] is rejected by [[Saruman]].<ref name=Third/>{{rp|1088}}

==={{TA|2941|n}}===
* The White Council meets and [[Attack on Dol Guldur|attack Dol Guldur]], expelling Sauron.<ref name=Third/>{{rp|1089}}

==={{TA|2953|n}}===
* The White Council meets for last time, debating about the [[Rings of Power]].<ref name=Third/>{{rp|1089}}

==={{TA|2980|n}}===
* Aragorn enters [[Lothlórien]] after many travels,<ref name=Third>{{App|TA}}</ref>{{rp|1090}} admitted by Galadriel, who bades him to change his worn out clothes and dresses him like a proper prince.<ref>{{App|A1v}}, p. 1060</ref>

==={{TA|3019|n}}===
* [[17 January]]: Galadriel and Celeborn receive the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in Lothlórien.<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}, pp. 1092-4</ref>

* [[15 February]]:<ref name=Great/> Galadriel shows [[Mirror of Galadriel|her Mirror]] to Frodo Baggins. She is tempted with the [[One Ring]], but rejects it.<ref>{{FR|Mirror}}, pp. 365-6</ref>
* [[16 February]]:<ref name=Great/> Galadriel gives [[Gifts of Galadriel|gifts]] and [[lembas]] to the Fellowship, and gives them farewell reciting the ''[[Namárië]]''.<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}, pp. 367-78</ref>
* [[17 February]]: Resurrected Gandalf is beared to Lórien by [[Gwaihir]],<ref name=Great/> who was sent by Galadriel. Gandalf is received in [[Caras Galadhon]] and cloathed in white. Galadriel gives him [[Galadriel's messages|some prophetic messages]] for [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]].<ref name="White">{{TT|III5}}, pp. 502-3</ref>

* [[28 March]]: After the [[assaults on Lothlórien]], Celeborn crosses the Anduin and the [[Fall of Dol Guldur|destruction of Dol Guldur]] begins.<ref name=Chief>{{App|B4}}, pp. 1095-6</ref> Soon after Galadriel throws down the walls of Dol Guldur.<ref name=Great/>

* [[20 May]]: Elrond and Arwen come to Lórien in their way to [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name=Chief/>
* [[27 May]]: The escort of Arwen leaves Lórien.<ref name=Chief/>

* [[6 September]]: Celeborn and Galadriel, Gandalf and the [[travellers|four Hobbits]] halt under the [[Mountains of Moria]].<ref name=Chief/>
* [[13 September]]: Celeborn and Galadriel go their way.<ref name=Chief/>

==={{TA|3021|n}}===
* [[22 September]]: The [[Last Riding of the Keepers]] of the Rings meets Frodo and Sam in [[Woody End]].<ref name=Chief/>
* [[29 September]]: The company arrives to the [[Grey Havens]]. The [[Three Keepers]], Bilbo and Frodo leave Middle-earth.<ref name=Chief/>

==[[Fourth Age]]==
==={{FoA|120|n}}===
* It is said that [[Gimli]] sailed West with [[Legolas]],<ref>{{App|Later}}, p. 1098</ref> maybe thanks to Galadriel.<ref>{{App|A3}}, p. 1081</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Timelines]]

Nurtalë Valinóreva

2023-11-20T02:59:49Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added link for changing of the world

'''Nurtalë Valinóreva''', [[Quenya]] for the "Hiding of Valinor", was the time and action taken by the [[Valar]] to render [[Valinor]] unassailable by [[Morgoth]]. It was prompted by Morgoth's attack upon [[Tilion]], the [[Maia]] charged with guidance of the [[Moon]]. [[Evil spirits|Shadowy spirits]] had been sent against Tilion and there had been a battle in [[Ilmen]] that Tilion had won. But although Morgoth had failed in this assault the Valar feared the damage he might yet contrive against Valinor.

To permanently thwart any attack they caused the [[Pelóri]] to rise up to new and dreadful heights, with outer walls as smooth as glass. In the [[Calacirya]], the only pass permitted through the mountains, strong towers were set. In the ocean the [[Enchanted Isles]] were strewn in the [[Shadowy Seas]] north, east, and south of [[Tol Eressëa]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref>

Additionally [[Varda]], lifting her hands palms eastward in a gesture of rejection, summoned the vast mists and shadows that made it impossible for any living thing to find again the way westward to the shores of Valinor.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 175}}</ref> In these waters were dark rocks, and in the twilight any mariner would grow weary and loath the sea. If a sailor reached one of the isles he would sleep until the [[Changing of the World|world was changed]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref>

These defenses held fast until [[Eärendil]] with a [[Silmaril]] overcame all obstacles on his voyage to Valinor.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nurtale Valinoreva}}
[[Category:Events]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Verhüllung von Valinor]]
[[fi:Valinorin vetäytyminen]]

Fourth Age

2023-11-20T02:41:39Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* History */ added link for elrond

{{History of Arda}}
The '''Fourth Age''' began after [[Sauron]] was finally defeated, when his [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]] was destroyed, and the [[Keepers of the Three Rings]] left Middle-earth for the [[Valinor|Uttermost West]].

==History==
The [[Third Age]] was held to have ended when [[Elrond]] left Middle-earth on [[29 September]] of {{TA|3021}}.<ref name=Calendars>{{App|Calendars}}</ref> There is no information on more than the first few centuries of this age, so it is not known when it ended, if it ever did, although it was probably shorter than 3 millennia.<ref name="Letter211"/>

This age was marked by the recovery of the [[Númenor]]ean kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], while the [[House of Durin]] retook [[Moria]] until the race of [[Dwarves]] failed.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> The [[Last Ship]] of the [[Elves]], carrying [[Círdan]], [[Celeborn]], and all remaining Elves of the [[First Age]] left Middle-earth some time after {{FoA|171}}.<ref name=Records/> Eventually that would lead to the final [[Dominion of Men]] over [[Arda]], coming together with the total waning of the [[Elves]] and other dwindling races, such as the [[Ents]] and probably the Dwarves.

[[Eldarion]]'s reign would have lasted for about 100 years after the death of [[Aragorn]].<ref name="L338">{{L|338}}</ref>

==Further future?==
A footnote in a letter written by Tolkien in [[1958]] suggests that the Fourth and [[Ages#Further future|later Ages]] had quickened, so Tolkien lived in the end of the Sixth Age or in the Seventh rather than in the end of the Fifth.<ref name="Letter211">{{L|211}}.</ref>

==Reckoning of years==
Not all calendars in Middle-earth reset their count of years to {{FoA|1}} in the same year, on the same date, or indeed at all. As such, years given for certain events in the Fourth Age differ according to the calendar used.

The [[Shire-reckoning]] is the calendar system used for all dates in the [[Red Book]], with {{SR|1}} corresponding to {{TA|1601}}.<ref name=Hobbits>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> Years in Shire-reckoning did not restart at the end of the Third Age; they continued uninterrupted from {{SR|1421}} to {{SR|1422}}, and "in so far as the Hobbits took any account of the change of Age, they maintained that it began with [[2 Yule]] 1422."<ref name=Calendars/> This means that {{SR|1422}} is also {{TA|3022}} and {{FoA|1}} as far as dates in the Red Book are concerned.

However, in [[Gondor]] and the rest of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] outside the Shire, the [[New Reckoning]] calendar entered use starting in {{TA|3019}}. Under this calendar, [[25 March]] {{TA|3021}} is the first day of {{FoA|1}}, some 9 months earlier than the new year in the Shire.<ref name=Calendars/> The [[Shire Calendar]] and the [[New Reckoning]] begin their years on different days: 2 Yule for the Shire and 25 March for the rest of the Reunited Kingdom.<ref group="note">As these days are named in the Shire Calendar; their New Reckoning equivalents are 7 [[Narvinyë]] and [[Yestarë]] respectively.</ref>

There are few dates given in the [[legendarium]] that require the reader to account for this difference, because most dates of the Fourth Age are already explicitly expressed in terms of the Shire Reckoning. For example, [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]]'s departure from Middle-earth is given as {{SR|1541}}.<ref name="Later"/> The exceptions are both from the [[Note on the Shire Records]] and are as follows:

* Tolkien explains that the text of ''The Lord of the Rings'' descends from a copy of the Red Book made in Gondor that bore the note "Findegil, King’s Writer, finished this work in IV 172."<ref name=Records>{{FR|Records}}</ref> The accompanying text notes the equivalent year {{SR|1592}}, which is {{FoA|171}} in the Shire Reckoning, so this note must have been written with regard to the New Reckoning calendar before 7 Narvinyë.
* In the same paragraph, Tolkien refers to [[Peregrin Took]]'s retirement to Gondor in "IV 64."<ref name=Records>{{FR|Records}}</ref> We are told elsewhere that Peregrin and his companion [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] arrived in Gondor sometime between the autumn and the ending of {{SR|1484}}, which is {{FoA|63}} in the Shire Reckoning.<ref name="Later">{{App|Later}}</ref> As such, the stated "IV 64" must be in reference to the New Reckoning calendar, again, prior to 7 Narvinyë.

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
The Prologue of the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' mistakenly mentions that the [[Third Age]] "ended with the great years {{SR|1418|n}} and {{SR|1419|n}} of the Shire."<ref>{{HM|FR}}, p. "Foreword", p. 8</ref> whereas the Age ended in {{SR|1421|n}} and {{SR|1422|n}}. This reference was removed in the second edition.
==See also==
* [[Timeline/Fourth Age|Timeline of the Fourth Age]]
* ''[[The New Shadow]]''

{{references|note}}

==External links==

* The [https://psarando.github.io/shire-reckoning Shire Reckoning] project, dedicated to simulations and detailed analysis of all the calendars of ''The Lord of the Rings'' [[Appendix D]].

[[Category:Ages]]
[[Category:Fourth Age]]
[[de:Das Vierte Zeitalter]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/quatrieme_age]]
[[fi:Neljäs Aika]]

Lofar

2023-11-17T03:38:15Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: added link for bilbos party

{{dwarves infobox
| name=Lofar
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=[[Third Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Lofar''' was one of the four Dwarves that stayed at [[Bag End]] after [[Bilbo Baggins]]' [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|birthday party]].<ref>{{RS|Return}}</ref>

== History ==
In the early writings of the chapter "[[A Long-expected Party]]", Lofar was given some dialogue and a bit more development. However, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] later changed his mind, and did not disclose his name in the book nor gave him any dialogue.{{fact}}

== Etymology ==
''Lofarr'' is a dwarf from the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. It can mean either "Stooper" or "Praiser".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Norse names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Bofur

2023-11-17T03:34:36Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Later life */ Added a source for the death of Dwalin

{{dwarves infobox
| name=Bofur
| image=[[File:Andy Smith - Bofur.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Bofur" by [[:Category:Images by Andy Smith|Andy Smith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Thorin's Halls]] [[Lonely Mountain]]
| affiliation=[[Thorin and Company]] [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] and [[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor= [[Quest of Erebor|The Quest of Erebor]]
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=[[Bombur]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Larger than [[Bifur]]<ref>{{HH|7iv}} p. 900</ref>
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing= Yellow hood
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Bofur''' most likely lived in the [[Blue Mountains]] with [[Thorin]] after the loss of [[Thráin|Thráin II]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> Bofur was one of the thirteen [[Dwarves]] of [[Thorin and Company|Thorin's company]] who journeyed to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] to challenge the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]]. After the death of Smaug, Bofur lived at the Lonely Mountain in great wealth.<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|II1}}</ref>

==History==
Bofur's parentage is unknown; the only familial connections mentioned are that [[Bombur]] is his brother and [[Bifur]] is his cousin.<ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref> He was not of Durin's line although he was descended from Dwarves of [[Moria]].<ref name="Durin"/> His birth year is also unknown. However, from [[Bilbo Baggins]]' account of the quest to Erebor it is known that the brothers [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]] were the youngest of the thirteen "by some fifty years"<ref name="Hill">{{H|Hill}}</ref> and that after Thorin had been captured, [[Balin]] was "the eldest left".<ref>{{H|Barrels}}</ref> Since Fíli was born in {{TA|2859}} and Balin was born in {{TA|2763|n}},<ref name="Durin"/> this would put Bofur's birth between 2809 and {{TA|2763|n}}, and he would have been between 132 and 178 years old during the quest to Erebor.

===The Quest of Erebor===
In {{TA|2941}}, Bofur was one of the four Dwarves in the fifth group to arrive at [[Bag End]], wearing a yellow hood along with his cousin Bifur. He asked for mince pies and cheese as also stating what Bifur and Bombur wanted also. During the evening when Thorin called for music, Bofur (along with [[Bifur]]) played a clarinet.<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref>

After escaping the Goblins, the company was chased by wolves into a glade, Bofur shared a pine tree with Bifur, [[Bombur]], and Thorin, and later was rescued by the [[Eagles]]<ref>{{H|Pan}}</ref>. When [[Gandalf]] was telling the story of the company's adventures to [[Beorn]], Bofur, Bifur, and Bombur were the last of the Dwarves to show up. The following morning, Bilbo realizes Bofur had fallen over him and then told him about breakfast left for Bilbo from the skin-changer<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref>

Later on in [[Mirkwood]] when Bombur needed support to escape the spiders, Bifur and Bofur helped him. Then after the barrel ride down the [[River Running]] both Bofur and Bifur came out fairly dry and not very knocked about, but they lay down and refused to do anything.<ref>{{H|Welcome}}</ref>. Later Bofur and Bombur would stay down to take care of the ponies, nearly killed by Smaug, though saved.

Bofur fought in and survived the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. He was given his share of the treasure by [[Dáin Ironfoot]], Thorin's cousin and now king under the mountain after Thorin's death, and made his home in Erebor along with Bifur and Bombur and the other survivors of the Battle.<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>

===Later life===
At [[Rivendell]] in {{TA|3018}}, [[Glóin]] told [[Frodo Baggins]] that Bofur was still alive and living in Erebor, along with Bifur and Bombur <ref name="Meetings"/>. It is possible that Bofur fought in the [[Battle of Dale]] against [[Sauron]]'s forces the [[Easterlings]]. His death date is unknown though it would have been before [[Dwalin]] as he was the last dwarf of the company to pass away in {{foA|91}}.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], "Durin's Folk"</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Bǫvurr'' appears in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. Its meaning is unknown.<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |}}
{{familytree| UNK | | | | | | UNN | | | |UNK=''unknownparent''|UNN=''unknownparent''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree| BIF | | | | BOF | | BOM | |BIF=[[Bifur]]''fl. {{TA|2941}}''|BOF='''BOFUR'''''fl. {{TA|2941}}''|BOM=[[Bombur]]''fl. {{TA|2941}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In one of the earliest manuscript fragments of ''The Hobbit'', Bofur and Bifur went into the hall and came back with their walking sticks, which they ''turned into'' clarinets.<ref>{{HH|Bladorthin}}, p. 36</ref> In the published text the two Dwarves came back from the hall with clarinets that they ''had left'' with their walking sticks.<ref name="Party"/> [[John Rateliff]] (author of ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'') said that in the earliest phase Tolkien had added fairy tale touches of Dwarven magic to emphasize the uncanny, other-worldly nature of the Dwarves as opposed to Bilbo.<ref>{{HH|Bladorthin}}, (iii) ''Dwarven Magic'', p. 54</ref>

Originally, when Bombur needed propping up in [[Mirkwood]] after being cut from the spiders' webbing, it was ''his cousins'' Bofur and Bifur who provided support.<ref>{{HH|Mirkwood}}, p. 313</ref> In the published story this was changed to Bombur's cousin Bifur and brother Bofur.<ref name="Flies"/> Also, in the earlier version, when [[Smaug]] first came out and the Dwarves in the valley had to be hauled up to the [[Back Door]], Bifur cried out to save Bombur and Bofur, who were both his ''brothers''.<ref>{{HH|Conversations}}</ref> In the published text Bifur cried out for his two ''cousins''.<ref>{{H|Inside}}</ref>

In Tolkien's unfinished [[1960]] rewrite of ''The Hobbit'', Bifur, Bofur and Bombur were Thorin's attendants.<ref>{{HH|5}}, "[[A Well-Planned Party]]", p. 774</ref> [[John D. Rateliff]] assumes this made them either courtiers or honor-guard.<ref>{{HH|5}}, "[[Arrival in Rivendell]]", note 32</ref>

==Notes==
In the earliest partial manuscript of ''The Hobbit'' more of the dialog later assigned to a few of the Dwarves is more evenly distributed. In the opinion of John Rateliff this streamlining strengthened the story through simplification, but at the cost of relegating some of the Dwarves to obscurity since they barely speak at all. Bofur is one of these "silenced" members of the company.<ref>{{HH|Pryftan}}, (i) ''The Lost Opening'', p. 14</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Bofur in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Bofur.png|Bofur in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Bofur.jpg|Bofur in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Bofur.jpg|Bofur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
}}

===Films===
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:Bofur is omitted. [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]] only travels with an unnamed guard and the princess of Dale.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:No actor is specified for the role of Bofur. If he does speak, it is only ever in unison with the rest of the Dwarves.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Bofur was portrayed by [[James Nesbitt]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> A description of Bofur in ''The Hobbit'' films was released by the studio:

:{{Blockquote|Endearing and likeable, Bofur has a disastrous tendency to state the obvious and blurt out things without thinking. With a love of music and a fine singing voice, Bofur delights in good food and good company and is unfailingly optimistic. Though not especially brave, he will do his best to help those in need, especially those he counts as friends. Along with his brother Bombur and his cousin Bifur, Bofur joined the Quest for the Lonely Mountain partly to seek his fortune – and partly because he was told the beer was free.|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref name="HobbitApp">{{webcite|author=[[Warner Bros.]]|articleurl=http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hobbit-movies/id545808528|articlename=Hobbit Movies|dated=7-September-2012|website=[http://itunes.apple.com/ Apple iPhone/iPad App]|accessed=19-September-2012}}</ref>}}
:In ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', due to excessive partying the night before, Bofur ends up oversleeping and being left behind in [[Lake-town]] when the other Dwarves finally head up to the Lonely Mountain. With [[Óin]] and [[Fíli]] also having stayed behind to tend to the sickly [[Kíli]] (due to having been struck by a poisoned arrow), he joins them in doing so. He is ultimately assigned with the task of finding some [[Athelas|Kingsfoil]] to help heal Kíli's wound, which he does.

===Radio series===
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:Bofur is played by [[Denis McCarthy]].

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:No actor is specified for the role of Bofur.

'''1989: [[Hobit (1989 Slovak radio series)|''Hobit'' (1989 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:Bofur is present, but no actor is specified for the role of Bofur.

===Games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:Bofur is omitted; Thorin is the only companion of the player, [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref>''[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ZX Computing]'', 8304 (April/May 1983), p. 76, accessed [[24 April|April 24]] [[2011]]</ref>

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:No actor is credited for the role of Bofur.

'''2013: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Bofur, the official "Master of Chisels" in Erebor, appears alongside his cousin [[Bifur]] to brief the player in the "The Fires of Smaug" raid at [[Ravenhill]]. Later, he appears in various locations in [[Erebor]], and journeys to the [[Ered Mithrin]] as part of [[Dori]]'s Expedition to rescue [[Nori]].

{{references}}
{{Thorin and Company}}
{{companyroute}}
{{hobbitfilms}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[Category:Norse names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Bofur]]
[[fi:Bofur]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:bofur]]

Elfwine

2023-11-17T02:21:20Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: Added a not to be confused with

''Not to be confused with: [[Ælfwine]], the mariner who found the [[Straight Road]] and [[Tol Eressëa]] millennia after the [[War of the Ring]].''{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Elfwine
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Sons of Rohan.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Sons of Rohan" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames="the Fair"
| titles=[[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohanese]]
| birth=Early [[Fourth Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule={{FoA|63}} - ''unknown''
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=[[Éomer]] and [[Lothíriel]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Elfwine the Fair''' was the second [[Kings of Rohan|King of the Third Line of Rohan]], ruling in the early [[Fourth Age]].

==History==
Elfwine was the son of King [[Éomer]] of Rohan and [[Lothíriel]] of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref> He was said to bear a striking likeness to his maternal grandfather, [[Imrahil]], [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Elfwine means "[[Elf-friend]]" in [[Old English]] and is a translation of the [[Quenya]] name [[Elendil]]. Also, it is a reference to the earlier character of Tolkien's legendarium, [[Ælfwine]] of England.

==Genealogy==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | THE |y| MOR | | | | | | | | |THE=[[Thengel]] ''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]] ''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELF |y| THE | | DAU | | THW |y| EOM | | |ELF=[[Elfhild]] ''d. {{TA|2978|n}}''|THE=[[Théoden]] ''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|DAU=''three daughters'' ''unknown''|THW=[[Théodwyn]] ''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''|EOM=[[Éomund]] ''d. {{TA|3002|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | THE | | LOT |y| EOM | | EOW |y| FAR |THE=[[Théodred]] ''{{TA|2978|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†|LOT=[[Lothíriel]] ''b. {{TA|2999|n}}''|EOM=[[Éomer]] ''{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}''|EOW=[[Éowyn]] ''b. {{TA|2995|n}}''|FAR=[[Faramir]] ''{{TA|2983|n}} - {{FoA|82}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | ELF | | | | | | ELB | | |ELF='''ELFWINE''' ''unknown''|ELB=[[Elboron]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born=Early [[Fourth Age]]
| died=unknown
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Éomer]]
| list=19th [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| dates={{FoA|63}} – ??
| next=unknown
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Kings of Rohan]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[de:Elfwine]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/4a/rohirrim/elfwine]]
[[fi:Elfwine]]

User:QuickbeamTheGreen

2023-11-16T03:54:56Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="100%">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td width="100%">
==About Me==
Quickbeam The Green is my name, though my friends call me Hornbeam, and I am one of the last Ents to exist in [[Eä]], the world that is. I am the direct descendant of [[Quickbeam|Quickbeam (Bregalad)]]. I am typing to you from beyond the sight of men, in the Forests of [[Oromë]]. I love the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], though I still have much to learn, and I would like to learn it, and I am learning it. As of now, my knowledge is confined within the bounds of the [[Legendarium|Arda Legendarium]] (except for in [[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]). I hope we can get better service; the internet in Valinor sucks. In [[Eldamar]] it's fine, but if you're in the less populated area, there will be barely any internet. Valinorizon doesn't reach out here, so we have to use AT&ME. It sucks.
</td></tr></table>

===[[User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection|My Collection]]===
[[File:The Silmarillion 2013.jpeg|thumb]]
</td>
<td valign="top">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 300px; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left; clear:right;" align="right">
<tr><td style="padding-right: 15px;">
<center>
{{user infobox
|name=QuickbeamTheGreen
|image=
|othernames=Hornbeam (to friends)
|birth=S.A. 347
|death=If there is a Dagor Dagorath
|gender=Male
|height=15 feet
|hair=Bark
|eyes=Bright Green
| align="center" bgcolor="#d1d1d1"
|[[Tolkien Gateway:Userboxes|Userboxes]]
|userboxes={{user lore-2}} {{user dagor-yes}} {{user balrogwings2}} {{user evil2}} {{user feanor evil}} {{user singing orcs}} {{user wizards}} {{user en-N}} {{user fr-2}} {{ user aelfwine-no}} {{user entwives4}} {{user feanor evil}} {{user opera}} {{user randompage}} {{user ref}} {{user userboxes}}
}}
<div style="float:left;border:solid #CC9000 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:250px;background:#990000"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FF0000;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" |'''{{Special:Editcount/QuickbeamTheGreen}}'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" |This user tries to be as helpful as posible with his intermediate knowledge.
|}

Amon

2023-11-16T02:32:33Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Examples */ Added definitions

'''''amon''''' is a noun meaning "hill" or "steep-sided mount" in [[Sindarin]]; the plural is '''''emyn'''''.<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''amon''</ref> Compare with ''[[ambo]]'' in [[Quenya]].

==Examples==
* [[Amon Hen]] = "Hill of the Eye"
* [[Amon Rûdh]] = "Bald Hill"
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] = [[Weathertop]]
* [[Amon Ereb]] = "Lonely Hill"
* [[Amon Ethir]] = "Spyhill"
* [[Amon Gwareth]] = "Hill of Watch"
* [[Amon Lanc]] = "Naked Hill"
* [[Amon Lhaw]] = "Hill of Hearing"
* [[Amon Obel]] = "Fortified Hill"
* [[Emyn Muil]] = "Drear Hills"
* [[Emyn Arnen]]

==External links==
* [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}

[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

Dorwinion

2023-11-15T03:42:47Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* History */ added link for the wainrider war

{{location infobox
| name=Dorwinion
| image=[[File:InDeepBlue - The Great Gardens of Dorwinion.jpg|225px]]
| caption="The Great Gardens of Dorwinion" by [[:Category:Images by InDeepBlue|InDeepBlue]]
| pronun={{respell|dor|win|i-on}}
| othernames=
| location=North-western shores of the [[Sea of Rhûn]]
| type=Region
| description=Land of vineyards
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=Possibly [[Elves]] ([[Nandor]] and/or [[Avari]]) or [[Men]]
| created=Long before {{TA|2941}}
| destroyed=
| events=
}}

'''Dorwinion''' was a land which lay on the north-western shores of the [[Sea of Rhûn]] south of the [[River Running]].<ref name=Map>{{webcite|website=TS|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|accessed=11 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{HM|Map}}</ref> In Dorwinion a heady wine was made, which was strong enough to let even [[Elves]] get drunk and fall asleep.

==History==
In the [[Third Age]] [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Turambar (King of Gondor)|Turambar]] of [[Gondor]] defeated the [[Easterlings]] and conquered a large territory in the [[East]], so the lands that were or would be Dorwinion probably became part of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Turambar, p. 1044</ref> By the time of [[Hyarmendacil I]] Gondor had reached its greatest extent in all its history and extended east to the Sea of Rhûn.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Ciryaher, p. 1045</ref> In {{TA|1248}} King [[Minalcar]] and [[Vidugavia]] of the [[Northmen]] also campaigned in the lands between Rhovanion and the Sea of Rhûn.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Minalcar, p. 1046</ref> In the following centuries the [[Great Plague]] had hit those lands,<ref name=Northmen>{{UT|Northmen}}</ref> although it is not known how much Dorwinion was affected.

During the [[Wainrider/Balchoth War|war]] with the [[Wainriders]] ({{TA|1856|n}}), Gondor abandoned its territories east of the river [[Anduin]],<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Narmacil II, pp. 1048-9</ref><ref name=Northmen/> thus possibly excluding Dorwinion from its withdrawing borders. It is possible that Gondor continued to no longer extend east of the Anduin to the Sea of Rhûn, because Steward [[Cirion]] of Gondor sent scouts and spies to the area between [[Mirkwood]] and [[Dagorlad]] and put a few men in the old forts along the Anduin, because he was always concerned about the threat of invasion from the North via the wide lands from the [[Brown Lands]] to the Sea of Rhûn.<ref>{{UT|Ride}}</ref><ref>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Cirion, p. 1053</ref>

By {{TA|2941}} the heady wine for the feasts of [[Thranduil]] came from the great gardens of Dorwinion.<ref name=Barrels>{{H|Barrels}}</ref>

==Inhabitants==
Despite its location in the outskirts of [[Rhûn]], the [[Sindarin]] name Dorwinion for the country indicated that it had been given this name by Elves or [[Gondorians]] whose influence reached as far north as the lands between the River Running and the river [[Carnen]].<ref name=Atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

[[File:Lori Deitrick - Men of Dorwinion.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Men of Dorwinion'' by [[:Category:Images by Lori Deitrick|Lori Deitrick]]]]
It is not known, who inhabited Dorwinion. It is possible that it was inhabited by [[Men]]. Since the late [[First Age]], many Men wandered or settled the empty lands between the [[Iron Hills]], the [[Greenwood]] and the Sea of Rhûn.<ref name=Atani/> The wine of the great gardens of Dorwinion for the Elves of the [[Woodland Realm]], especially for their king and other goods were brought from far away from their kinsfolk in the South or from the vineyards of Men in distant lands.<ref name=Barrels/> Dorwinion was located a long distance away from the Woodland Realm south of the River Running where the River Running flowed into the Sea of Rhûn.<ref name=Map/> Trade goods came up the River Running and were carted past the falls at the southern end of the [[Long Lake]] and Men came from the South to the shoreward end of the bridge that connected [[Lake-town]] with the shore of the Long Lake to take some empty barrels that had been returned by the Elves with them or to fill some with goods to be transported back up the [[Forest River]] to the [[Elvenking's Halls]]<ref name=Welcome>{{H|Welcome}}</ref> and Dorwinion was located south of Lake-town and the Woodland Realm.

It is also possible that it was inhabited by [[Nandor]] or [[Avari]] [[Elves]] who had later learned the cultivation of vines from people who spoke [[Sindarin]], because its name was a testimony to the spread of Sindarin and the cultivation of vines was originally not known to the Nandor or Avari<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, entry S '''yrch''', p. 54</ref> and because the Nandor were a group of the [[Teleri]] who stayed long on the shores of the Sea of Rhûn<ref>{{PM|Last}}, Notes, note 29</ref>. However, in the beginning of the [[Second Age]] before the building of [[Barad-dûr]] many of the [[Sindar]] left [[Lindon]] and went eastwards and some founded realms in the forests far away where their people were mostly [[Silvan Elves]],<ref>{{App|SA}}, p. 1082</ref> but there is no forest in Dorwinion<ref name=Map/>.

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Dorwinion.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Dorwinion'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, which means "Young-land country" or "Land of Gwinion".<ref name=PE17/> [[Paul Strack]] suggests that it is a combination of ''[[dôr]]'' ("country") and ''Gwinion'' ("Young-land")<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-1249511953.html|articlename=S. ''Dorwinion'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=30 March 2023}}</ref> and that the latter is a combination of ''gwain'' ("young") and and the suffix ''-ion'' ("land").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-554627243.html|articlename=S. ''Gwinion'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=30 March 2023}}</ref>

[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] commented that its "Sindarin name" was "a testimony to the spread of Sindarin: in this case expectable since the cultivation of vines was not known originally to the Nandor or Avari".<ref name=PE17/>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
''Dor'''v'''inion'' or ''Dor-Winion'' is mentioned in the ''[[The Lay of the Children of Húrin]]''; its wine was famous among the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] and [[Menegroth]]. It is said there to lie in the "Burning south" (of [[Beleriand]])<ref>{{LB|1b}} lines 223, 425</ref>, which might suggest it was a different "Dorwinion", or may just have referred to the fact it came from the more southern lands of [[Rhovanion]] by way of the [[Dwarf-road of Beleriand]].

While writing the [[Quenta Silmarillion]], Tolkien once mentioned Dorwinion as a location of [[Tol Eressëa]].<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 338</ref> Tolkien reused the name and the wines in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', establishing thus that it is somewhere in or near [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]].

In annotations to [[Pauline Baynes]], Tolkien suggested the name ''Mildor'' meaning "Land of wines", and it was struck out.<ref>{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed/|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|website=The Tolkien Society|accessed=24 March 2018}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
Based on the meaning of its name, [[John Rateliff]] suggests that the name is a reference to the Irish legend of [[Wikipedia:Tír na nÓg|Tír na nÓg]] "Land of the Young". However this similarity rather applies to the earlier phase where Dorwinion was mentioned as a part of Tol Eressea.<ref>{{HH|Halls}}, (v) ''The Wine of Dorwinion''</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:While Dorwinion itself does not appear in the game, [[Easterlings]] from that land are encountered as refugees in the [[Dale]]-lands. The Men of Dorwinion are said to have fled from a disaster in the East that occurred following the downfall of [[Sauron]]. They are notably more friendly towards the Westlands than other Easterling tribes and have had trade relations in the past with Dale and the Woodland Realm. No explanation is given for Dorwinion's Sindarin name or whether Elves also live in the region.

==External links==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2011/10/19/was-dorwinion-an-elf-kingdom/ Was Dorwinion an Elf-kingdom?] by [[Michael Martinez]]
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20160405213604/http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=36 Dorwinion, pays de cépages] by [[Didier Willis]] and Bertrand Bellet

{{references}}
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Rhûn]]

[[de:Dorwinion]]
[[fi:Dorwinion]]

User:QuickbeamTheGreen

2023-11-15T02:13:27Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="100%">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td width="100%">
== About Me ==
Quickbeam The Green is my name, though my friends call me Hornbeam, and I am one of the last Ents to exist in [[Eä]], the world that is. I am the direct descendant of [[Quickbeam|Quickbeam (Bregalad)]]. I am typing to you from beyond the sight of men, in the Forests of [[Oromë]]. I love the works of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], though I still have much to learn, and I would like to learn it, and I am learning it. As of now, my knowledge is confined within the bounds of the [[Legendarium|Arda Legendarium]] (except for in [[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]). I hope we can get better service; the internet in Valinor sucks. In [[Eldamar]] it's fine, but if you're in the less populated area, there will be barely any internet. Valinorizon doesn't reach out here, so we have to use AT&ME. It sucks.
</td></tr></table>

=== [[User:QuickbeamTheGreen/Collection|My Collection]] ===
[[File:The Silmarillion 2013.jpeg|thumb]]
</td>
<td valign="top">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 300px; border: 0px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left; clear:right;" align="right">
<tr><td style="padding-right: 15px;">
<center>
{{user infobox
|name=QuickbeamTheGreen
|image=
|othernames=Hornbeam (to friends)
|birth=S.A. 347
|death=If there is a Dagor Dagorath
|gender=Male
|height=15 feet
|hair=Bark
|eyes=Bright Green
| align="center" bgcolor="#d1d1d1"
|[[Tolkien Gateway:Userboxes|Userboxes]]
|userboxes={{user lore-2}} {{user dagor-yes}} {{user balrogwings2}} {{user evil2}} {{user feanor evil}} {{user singing orcs}} {{user wizards}} {{user en-N}} {{user fr-2}} {{ user aelfwine-no}} {{user entwives4}} {{user feanor evil}} {{user opera}} {{user randompage}} {{user ref}}
}}
<div style="float:left;border:solid #CC9000 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:250px;background:#EFC35B"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#CC9000;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''{{Special:Editcount/QuickbeamTheGreen}}'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user tries to be as helpful as posible with his intermediate knowledge.
|}

Amon

2023-11-09T20:21:33Z

QuickbeamTheGreen: /* Examples */

'''''amon''''' is a noun meaning "hill" or "steep-sided mount" in [[Sindarin]]; the plural is '''''emyn'''''.<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''amon''</ref> Compare with ''[[ambo]]'' in [[Quenya]].

==Examples==
* [[Amon Hen]] = "Hill of the Eye"
* [[Amon Rûdh]] = "Bald Hill"
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] = [[Weathertop]]
* [[Amon Ereb]]
* [[Amon Ethir]]
* [[Amon Gwareth]]
* [[Amon Lanc]]
* [[Amon Lhaw]]
* [[Amon Obel]]
* [[Emyn Muil]] = "Drear Hills"
* [[Emyn Arnen]]

==External links==
* [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}

[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

Amon

2023-11-09T02:06:39Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

'''''amon''''' is a noun meaning "hill" or "steep-sided mount" in [[Sindarin]]; the plural is '''''emyn'''''.<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''amon''</ref> Compare with ''[[ambo]]'' in [[Quenya]].

==Examples==
* [[Amon Hen]] = "Hill of the Eye"
* [[Amon Rûdh]] = "Bald Hill"
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] = [[Weathertop]]
* [[Amon Ereb]]
* [[Amon Ethir]]
* [[Amon Gwareth]]
* [[Amon Lanc]]
* [[Amon Lhaw]]
* [[Amon Obel]]
* [[Emyn Muil]] = "Drear Hills"

==External links==
* [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}

[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

Chaining of Melkor

2023-11-09T02:00:27Z

QuickbeamTheGreen:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - The Captivity of Morgoth.jpg|250px|thumb|''The Captivity of Morgoth'' by [[:Category:Images by Jacek Kopalski|Jacek Kopalski]]]]
The '''Chaining of Melkor''' refers to his imprisonment for "three ages" after the [[Battle of the Powers]]. After their final victory, [[Tulkas]] captured [[Morgoth|Melkor]] and bound him with the great chain [[Angainor]]. He was carried by to [[Valinor]] and sentenced to his long term of incarceration in the [[Halls of Mandos]] by [[Manwë]], his brother and the chief of the [[Valar]].<ref name="Captivity">{{S|Captivity}}</ref>

During this period between {{YT|1100}} and {{YT|1400|n}},<ref>{{MR|P2g}}, entry 1100, §§ 51-2, p. 80</ref><ref>{{MR|P2j}}, entry 1400, §§ 87-8, p. 93</ref> which is divided in three ages of 100 [[Valian Years]] each, the [[Years of the Trees|Days of Bliss]] occurred:
* During the first age, the [[Elves]] were able to undertake the [[Great Journey]] to [[Aman]] unmolested, and the cities of [[Eldamar]] were built.<ref name="Captivity"/>
* During the second, many princes of the Elves were born in [[Eldamar]], and [[Fëanor]] devised the [[Tengwar]].<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>
* During the third, [[Menegroth]] was built in [[Doriath|Eglador]] and the [[Nandor]] reached [[Beleriand]], while in Valinor, Fëanor wrought the [[Silmarils]], his greatest and most precious creation.<ref>{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

At the end of the third age of his captivity, [[Manwë]] pardoned Melkor and released him from his bondage,<ref>{{S|Feanor}}</ref> but he turned back to darkness, destroying the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]] and fleeing back to his [[Angband|strongholds in the north]] of [[Middle-earth]] with the stolen [[Silmarils]].<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:First Age]]
[[Category:Periods]]