Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Talk:Trolls

2014-08-04T00:05:29Z

Shadrak:

Doesn't ''[[The Return of the King]]'' say something about Olog-Hai being able to resist sunlight ''while [[Sauron|Sauron's]] will was focused on them''? --[[User:Ted C|Ted C]] 13:14, 2 November 2006 (EST)

:Appendix F says "(Olog-hai) could endure the Sun, so long as the will of Sauron held sway over them" (p. 1106)--[[User:Shadrak|Shadrak]] 00:05, 4 August 2014 (UTC)

I think that we should mention Tom Bert and William in the film section.. and is their any more info from trolls if the first age? [[User:Neumanjames 2010|Throrin Longbeard]] 19:01, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

:Tom, Bert and William are [[stone-trolls]], so relevant references can be found there. I think I recently moved such mention from this article to that. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 10:19, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

Talk:Trolls

2014-08-04T00:05:18Z

Shadrak:

Doesn't ''[[The Return of the King]]'' say something about Olog-Hai being able to resist sunlight ''while [[Sauron|Sauron's]] will was focused on them''? --[[User:Ted C|Ted C]] 13:14, 2 November 2006 (EST)

:Appendix F says "(Olog-hai) could endure the Sun, so long as the will of Sauron held sway over them" (p. 1106)

I think that we should mention Tom Bert and William in the film section.. and is their any more info from trolls if the first age? [[User:Neumanjames 2010|Throrin Longbeard]] 19:01, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

:Tom, Bert and William are [[stone-trolls]], so relevant references can be found there. I think I recently moved such mention from this article to that. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 10:19, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

Trolls

2014-08-04T00:01:20Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
|name= Trolls
|dominions=[[Mordor]], various others
|languages= [[Black Speech]]/Various Mannish tongues
|height=
|length=
|skincolor= grey, various others
|haircolor=
|feathers=
|distinctions=
|lifespan=
|members=
|}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but they could not endure sunlight.
==History==
[[Morgoth]] created Trolls at the end of the [[First Age]] (twilight of the [[Elder Days]]).<ref name=one>{{App|F1iv}}</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is stated by [[Treebeard|Treebeard]] that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the way that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]], Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

In the Third Age, Sauron created the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

==Kinds of Trolls==

* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Troll-men]] and [[Half-trolls]]
==Names==

The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref name=one/> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is posibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Wikipedia:Norse mythology|Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==

In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (disambiguation)|manuscript]] word ''wodwos'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbitt (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
}}
===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

===Games===
'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Trolls|Images of Trolls]]
{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Races]]

[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

Trolls

2014-08-03T23:59:52Z

Shadrak: /* Names */

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
|name= Trolls
|dominions=[[Mordor]], various others
|languages= [[Black Speech]]/Various Mannish tongues
|height=
|length=
|skincolor= grey, various others
|haircolor=
|feathers=
|distinctions=
|lifespan=
|members=
|}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but they could not endure sunlight.
==History==
[[Morgoth]] created Trolls at the end of the [[First Age]] (twilight of the Elder Days).<ref name=one>{{App|F1iv}}</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is stated by [[Treebeard|Treebeard]] that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the way that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]], Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

In the Third Age, Sauron created the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

==Kinds of Trolls==

* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Troll-men]] and [[Half-trolls]]
==Names==

The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref name=one/> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is posibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Wikipedia:Norse mythology|Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==

In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (disambiguation)|manuscript]] word ''wodwos'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbitt (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
}}
===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

===Games===
'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Trolls|Images of Trolls]]
{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Races]]

[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

Trolls

2014-08-03T23:59:10Z

Shadrak: /* Names */

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
|name= Trolls
|dominions=[[Mordor]], various others
|languages= [[Black Speech]]/Various Mannish tongues
|height=
|length=
|skincolor= grey, various others
|haircolor=
|feathers=
|distinctions=
|lifespan=
|members=
|}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but they could not endure sunlight.
==History==
[[Morgoth]] created Trolls at the end of the [[First Age]] (twilight of the Elder Days).<ref name=one>{{App|F1iv}}</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is stated by [[Treebeard|Treebeard]] that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the way that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]], Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

In the Third Age, Sauron created the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

==Kinds of Trolls==

* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Troll-men]] and [[Half-trolls]]
==Names==

The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref name=one/ref> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is posibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Wikipedia:Norse mythology|Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==

In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (disambiguation)|manuscript]] word ''wodwos'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbitt (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
}}
===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

===Games===
'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Trolls|Images of Trolls]]
{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Races]]

[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

Trolls

2014-08-03T23:58:44Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
|name= Trolls
|dominions=[[Mordor]], various others
|languages= [[Black Speech]]/Various Mannish tongues
|height=
|length=
|skincolor= grey, various others
|haircolor=
|feathers=
|distinctions=
|lifespan=
|members=
|}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but they could not endure sunlight.
==History==
[[Morgoth]] created Trolls at the end of the [[First Age]] (twilight of the Elder Days).<ref name=one>{{App|F1iv}}</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is stated by [[Treebeard|Treebeard]] that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the way that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]], Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

In the Third Age, Sauron created the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

==Kinds of Trolls==

* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Troll-men]] and [[Half-trolls]]
==Names==

The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref>{{App|Other}}</ref> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is posibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Wikipedia:Norse mythology|Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==

In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (disambiguation)|manuscript]] word ''wodwos'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbitt (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
}}
===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

===Games===
'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Trolls|Images of Trolls]]
{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Races]]

[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

Trolls

2014-08-03T23:56:51Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
|name= Trolls
|dominions=[[Mordor]], various others
|languages= [[Black Speech]]/Various Mannish tongues
|height=
|length=
|skincolor= grey, various others
|haircolor=
|feathers=
|distinctions=
|lifespan=
|members=
|}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but they could not endure sunlight.
==History==
[[Morgoth]] created Trolls at the end of the [[First Age]] (twilight of the Elder Days).<ref>{{App|F1iv}}</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is stated by [[Treebeard|Treebeard]] that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the way that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]], Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

In the Third Age, Sauron created the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

==Kinds of Trolls==

* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Troll-men]] and [[Half-trolls]]
==Names==

The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref>{{App|Other}}</ref> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is posibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Wikipedia:Norse mythology|Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==

In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (disambiguation)|manuscript]] word ''wodwos'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbitt (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
}}
===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

===Games===
'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Trolls|Images of Trolls]]
{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Races]]

[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

Wizards

2014-08-01T14:02:46Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{rewrite}}
{{race
| image=[[File:Angel Falto - The Istari.jpg|250px]]
| name=Wizards
| dominions=[[Orthanc]] (Saruman) [[Rhosgobel]] (Radagast)
| languages=
| height=
| length=
| skincolor=
| haircolor=
| feathers=
| distinctions=[[Maiar]] with great power sent to [[Middle-earth]] in the fight against [[Sauron]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| members=[[Saruman]], [[Gandalf]], [[Radagast]], [[Blue Wizards]]
}}
{{quote|Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.|[[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]]<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref>}}

The '''Wizards''' of [[Middle-earth]], also known as the '''[[Istari]]''' in [[Quenya]] and the '''[[Ithron|Ithryn]]''' in [[Sindarin]], were a small group of beings outwardly resembling [[Men]] but possessing much greater physical and mental power.

==History==
The wizards, also called [[Istari]], were originally spirits of the order of the [[Maiar]], the followers of the [[Valar]]. These were sent by the Valar to help and assist the peoples of Middle-earth against Sauron as he gathered his forces during the [[Third Age]].

The five known Istari were [[Curumo]], a Maia of [[Aulë]], [[Gandalf|Olórin]], a Maia of [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]], [[Radagast|Aiwendil]] a Maia of [[Yavanna]], and [[Blue Wizards|Alatar]] and [[Blue Wizards|Pallando]], both Maiar of [[Oromë]]. Alatar and Pallando, also known as [[Ithryn Luin]] the "Blue Wizards," went into the East and do not come into the main tales of Middle-earth. In the northwest of Middle-earth Curumo became known as [[Saruman]] to Men and [[Curunír]] to [[Elves]], Olórin was known as [[Gandalf]] to Men and [[Gandalf|Mithrandir]] to Elves, while Aiwendil became known as [[Radagast]].

The Istari came to Middle-earth around the year {{TA|1000}}. Each wizard was assigned with a colour for his clothes, white being indicative of the chief. The two that traveled to the East wore blue, hence their name Ithryn Luin, the "Blue Wizards." Similarly the other wizards often became known by their colours, often being refered to as "Saruman the White," "Gandalf the Grey," and "Radagast the Brown." It is not known if the colour had a special meaning concerning their rank, abilities or nature.

They were clothed in the bodies of old men, restricting their powers so that they would only assist to the peoples of Middle-earth and not seek domination like Sauron, who was also a Maia. By inhabiting the bodies of Men they were ordered by the Valar to assist the people of Middle-earth through persuasion and encouragement, not force or fear. Being clothed in the bodies of Men they also became susceptible to all the weaknesses of a physical body, they felt hunger, pain, greed, sorrow, joy, and all other emotions and pains of Men.

Their spirits remained immortal, and they aged only very slowly; however, their bodies could be killed: Gandalf did indeed die from his duel with the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Moria]] and only through the intervention of [[Ilúvatar|Eru]] himself was he restored to his body. Saruman also was killed by his servant [[Wormtongue]].

[[File:John Howe - Gandalf 01.jpg|thumb|left|[[John Howe]] - ''Gandalf'']]
Very few of Middle-earth's inhabitants knew who the Wizards really were; the Istari did not share this information. Most believed they were Elves or wise Men (''Gandalf'' represents this interpretation, meaning ''Wand-elf'', because the Men who gave him the nickname believed he was an Elf). They attracted few questions due to their gentle nature and dislike of direct interference with other people's affairs. In spite of their specific and unambiguous goal, the Wizards were nevertheless capable of mortal feelings; thus [[Gandalf]] felt great affection for the [[Hobbits]]. On the other hand, they could feel negative mortal emotions like greed, jealousy, and lust for power. Saruman himself fell victim to these emotions, and it is hinted in the essay in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' that the Blue Wizards (see below) may have fallen prey to these temptations during their journeys in the East.

Saruman was originally gifted with the greatest power of the five Istari and was named the head of the White Council, a group of the Wise in opposition to Sauron. In {{TA|2759}}, he was invited by the rulers of Gondor and Rohan to settle in [[Isengard]], and the impenetrable tower of [[Orthanc]]. Saruman was learned in the lore of the [[Rings of Power]], gradually becoming corrupted by the desire for the Rings and by Sauron's direct influence on him through the ''[[Palantíri|palantír]]'' of [[Orthanc]]. Eventually he became ensnared in Sauron's power, and assisted him in the War of the Ring until he was defeated by the [[Ents]] and Gandalf, who broke his staff and cast him out of the White Council. Saruman's death came at the hands of his servant [[Gríma|Wormtongue]] in [[The Shire]], after the destruction of [[the One Ring]]. His spirit was then dispersed by a wind from the West, becoming similar to Sauron in his destruction.

When Saruman fell to the temptation of the Ring and after the defeat of the Balrog of Moria, Gandalf was reborn and given the title of Gandalf the White. Gandalf, who had originally been nominated for leadership of the White Council by the Elf-Lady [[Galadriel]], assumed leadership both of the White Council and the Order of the Istari. He then cast Saruman from the order and led the West to victory over Sauron, advising the [[Ringbearer]] [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and the new king of [[Gondor]] [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]]. After the defeat of Sauron and Saruman, Gandalf traveled across the Sea with the Ringbearers, revealing that he himself was the bearer of [[Narya]] one of the Elven Rings of Power.

Radagast stayed true to his mission for a while, even serving as a messenger to Gandalf from Saruman, convincing Gandalf to meet with Saruman. Radagast also gave the birds in his service to the service of Saruman and Gandalf. Radagast himself dwelt at [[Rhosgobel]] near the borders of [[Mirkwood]]. Eventually, Radagast is said to have become enamoured of the beasts and birds and to have ultimately failed to complete his mission.

The [[Blue Wizards]] went into the East and do not come into the tales of northwestern Middle-earth. It is sometimes thought that the Blue Wizards failed in their mission and fell to the temptations that had corrupted Saruman. It is also said that their fall gave rise to magical cults in the East. It is also thought that they possibly succeeded in their mission and that the victories of the West would have been impossible had it not been for the Blue Wizards success in the East.

== Etymology ==
Tolkien's Istari were not wizards in the common sense of the word, but rather more like 'wise men' or even 'messengers.' [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]], a lifelong philologist and devoted Catholic, deliberately used the word wizard, as it connoted 'wisdom' and conveniently conveyed to the reader the 'other worldly' powers of the characters. These sentiments were best worded by Tolkien himself in the first paragraph of the essay ''The Istari'' in the [[Unfinished Tales]]:

<blockquote>Wizard ''is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''): one of the members of an "order" (as they call it), claiming to possess, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World. The translation (through suitable in its relation to "wise" and other ancient words of knowing, similar to that of ''istar'' in Quenya) is not perhaps happy, since ''Heren'' Istarion or "Order of Wizards" was quite distinct from "wizards" and "magicians" of later legend; they belonged solely to the Third Age and then departed, and none save maybe Elrond, Círdan and Galadriel discovered of what kind they were or whence they came.''</blockquote>

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In [[Gnomish]], one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early conceptions of an [[Elvish|Elven]] language, the word for "wizard" is ''curug'' (and "witch" is ''curus''). An alternative word is ''thothweg'', also translated as "wizard".<ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 27, 73</ref>

==Other fiction==
A wizard, who puts a spell on the dog Rover, appears in Tolkien's story ''[[Roverandom]]''. The bewitchement turns Rover into a toy.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:In Peter Jackson's film version of ''The Lord of the Rings'', two of the five Wizards (Saruman and Gandalf) were portrayed and featured heavily in the film trilogy (as the characters do in the books.)

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Although Radagast has a small role in ''The Lord of the Rings'', his role was omitted in Peter Jackson's film trilogy. However, Radagast had a substantial supporting role in ''The Hobbit'' films, and Saruman had a brief appearance.

{{references}}
{{ainur}}
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]

[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari]]

Wizards

2014-08-01T14:01:40Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{rewrite}}
{{race
| image=[[File:Angel Falto - The Istari.jpg|250px]]
| name=Wizards
| dominions=[[Orthanc]] (Saruman) [[Rhosgobel]] (Radagast)
| languages=
| height=
| length=
| skincolor=
| haircolor=
| feathers=
| distinctions=[[Maiar]] with great power sent to [[Middle-earth]] in the fight against [[Sauron]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| members=[[Saruman]], [[Gandalf]], [[Radagast]], [[Blue Wizards]]
}}
{{quote|Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.|[[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]]<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref>}}

The '''Wizards''' of [[Middle-earth]], also known as the '''[[Istari]]''' in [[Quenya]] and the '''[[Ithron|Ithryn]]''' in [[Sindarin]], were a small group of beings outwardly resembling [[Men]] but possessing much greater physical and mental power.

==History==
The wizards, also called [[Istari]], were originally spirits of the order of the [[Maiar]], the followers of the [[Valar]]. These were sent by the Valar to help and assist the peoples of Middle-earth against Sauron as he gathered his forces during the [[Third Age]].

The five known Istari were [[Curumo]], a Maia of [[Aulë]], [[Gandalf|Olórin]], a Maia of [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]], [[Radagast|Aiwendil]] a Maia of [[Yavanna]], and [[Blue Wizards|Alatar]] and [[Blue Wizards|Pallando]], both Maiar of [[Oromë]]. Alatar and Pallando, also known as [[Ithryn Luin]] the "Blue Wizards," went into the East and do not come into the main tales of Middle-earth. In the northwest of Middle-earth Curumo became known as [[Saruman]] to Men and [[Curunír]] to [[Elves]], Olórin was known as [[Gandalf]] to Men and [[Gandalf|Mithrandir]] to Elves, while Aiwendil became known as [[Radagast]].

The Istari came to Middle-earth around the year {{TA|1000}}. Each wizard was assigned with a colour for his clothes, white being indicative of the chief. The two that traveled to the East wore blue, hence their name Ithryn Luin, the "Blue Wizards." Similarly the other wizards often became known by their colours, often being refered to as "Saruman the White," "Gandalf the Grey," and "Radagast the Brown." It is not known if the colour had a special meaning concerning their rank, abilities or nature.

They were clothed in the bodies of old men, restricting their powers so that they would only assist to the peoples of Middle-earth and not seek domination like Sauron, who was also a Maia. By inhabiting the bodies of Men they were ordered by the Valar to assist the people of Middle-earth through persuasion and encouragement, not force or fear. Being clothed in the bodies of Men they also became susceptible to all the weaknesses of a physical body, they felt hunger, pain, greed, sorrow, joy, and all other emotions and pains of Men.

Their spirits remained immortal, and they aged only very slowly; however, their bodies could be killed: Gandalf did indeed die from his duel with the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Moria]] and only through the intervention of [[Ilúvatar|Eru]] himself was he restored to his body.

[[File:John Howe - Gandalf 01.jpg|thumb|left|[[John Howe]] - ''Gandalf'']]
Very few of Middle-earth's inhabitants knew who the Wizards really were; the Istari did not share this information. Most believed they were Elves or wise Men (''Gandalf'' represents this interpretation, meaning ''Wand-elf'', because the Men who gave him the nickname believed he was an Elf). They attracted few questions due to their gentle nature and dislike of direct interference with other people's affairs. In spite of their specific and unambiguous goal, the Wizards were nevertheless capable of mortal feelings; thus [[Gandalf]] felt great affection for the [[Hobbits]]. On the other hand, they could feel negative mortal emotions like greed, jealousy, and lust for power. Saruman himself fell victim to these emotions, and it is hinted in the essay in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' that the Blue Wizards (see below) may have fallen prey to these temptations during their journeys in the East.

Saruman was originally gifted with the greatest power of the five Istari and was named the head of the White Council, a group of the Wise in opposition to Sauron. In {{TA|2759}}, he was invited by the rulers of Gondor and Rohan to settle in [[Isengard]], and the impenetrable tower of [[Orthanc]]. Saruman was learned in the lore of the [[Rings of Power]], gradually becoming corrupted by the desire for the Rings and by Sauron's direct influence on him through the ''[[Palantíri|palantír]]'' of [[Orthanc]]. Eventually he became ensnared in Sauron's power, and assisted him in the War of the Ring until he was defeated by the [[Ents]] and Gandalf, who broke his staff and cast him out of the White Council. Saruman's death came at the hands of his servant [[Gríma|Wormtongue]] in [[The Shire]], after the destruction of [[the One Ring]]. His spirit was then dispersed by a wind from the West, becoming similar to Sauron in his destruction.

When Saruman fell to the temptation of the Ring and after the defeat of the Balrog of Moria, Gandalf was reborn and given the title of Gandalf the White. Gandalf, who had originally been nominated for leadership of the White Council by the Elf-Lady [[Galadriel]], assumed leadership both of the White Council and the Order of the Istari. He then cast Saruman from the order and led the West to victory over Sauron, advising the [[Ringbearer]] [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and the new king of [[Gondor]] [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]]. After the defeat of Sauron and Saruman, Gandalf traveled across the Sea with the Ringbearers, revealing that he himself was the bearer of [[Narya]] one of the Elven Rings of Power.

Radagast stayed true to his mission for a while, even serving as a messenger to Gandalf from Saruman, convincing Gandalf to meet with Saruman. Radagast also gave the birds in his service to the service of Saruman and Gandalf. Radagast himself dwelt at [[Rhosgobel]] near the borders of [[Mirkwood]]. Eventually, Radagast is said to have become enamoured of the beasts and birds and to have ultimately failed to complete his mission.

The [[Blue Wizards]] went into the East and do not come into the tales of northwestern Middle-earth. It is sometimes thought that the Blue Wizards failed in their mission and fell to the temptations that had corrupted Saruman. It is also said that their fall gave rise to magical cults in the East. It is also thought that they possibly succeeded in their mission and that the victories of the West would have been impossible had it not been for the Blue Wizards success in the East.

== Etymology ==
Tolkien's Istari were not wizards in the common sense of the word, but rather more like 'wise men' or even 'messengers.' [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]], a lifelong philologist and devoted Catholic, deliberately used the word wizard, as it connoted 'wisdom' and conveniently conveyed to the reader the 'other worldly' powers of the characters. These sentiments were best worded by Tolkien himself in the first paragraph of the essay ''The Istari'' in the [[Unfinished Tales]]:

<blockquote>Wizard ''is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''): one of the members of an "order" (as they call it), claiming to possess, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World. The translation (through suitable in its relation to "wise" and other ancient words of knowing, similar to that of ''istar'' in Quenya) is not perhaps happy, since ''Heren'' Istarion or "Order of Wizards" was quite distinct from "wizards" and "magicians" of later legend; they belonged solely to the Third Age and then departed, and none save maybe Elrond, Círdan and Galadriel discovered of what kind they were or whence they came.''</blockquote>

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In [[Gnomish]], one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early conceptions of an [[Elvish|Elven]] language, the word for "wizard" is ''curug'' (and "witch" is ''curus''). An alternative word is ''thothweg'', also translated as "wizard".<ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 27, 73</ref>

==Other fiction==
A wizard, who puts a spell on the dog Rover, appears in Tolkien's story ''[[Roverandom]]''. The bewitchement turns Rover into a toy.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:In Peter Jackson's film version of ''The Lord of the Rings'', two of the five Wizards (Saruman and Gandalf) were portrayed and featured heavily in the film trilogy (as the characters do in the books.)

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Although Radagast has a small role in ''The Lord of the Rings'', his role was omitted in Peter Jackson's film trilogy. However, Radagast had a substantial supporting role in ''The Hobbit'' films, and Saruman had a brief appearance.

{{references}}
{{ainur}}
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]

[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari]]

Talk:Palantíri

2014-08-01T13:55:34Z

Shadrak: /* References */

After I edited this article, I discovered that, in the [[:Category:Palantíri]], five of the seven (and the "[[Masterstone]]") have already been given articles, under different names than I gave. I know Tolkien has a writing somewhere specifically about the ''palantíri'', but I can't remember where it is. My question is this: what does Tolkien call the individual stones in the texts? --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 17:10, 14 January 2008 (EST)
:I don't know the answer to your question, but the writing is found at the end of Unfinished Tales [[User:Ælfwine|Ælfwine228]] 16:42, 22 July 2008 (EDT)

== References ==
This is a pretty strong article, but it's badly in need of some references.--[[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] 14:03, 1 August 2008 (EDT)
:I agree. I think references are needed for one point in particular: the article notes that there were originally 28 palantiri made, but I've never found any such number indicated in canon text. While I believe that it has been stated in some of Tolkien's (earlier) writings that smiths other than Feanor could make palantiri, I believe we're only introduced to the seven granted to Amandil by the Eldar, and the Masterstone at Tol Eressea. I've never seen a reference to the other twenty mentioned here. It's entirely possible I just haven't come across the reference in Tolkien's writings, but if there were a citation here, I'd feel more confident in the information as presented. Does anyone know anything about this? [[User:Corsair Caruso|Corsair Caruso]] 03:50, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

::Thanks for spotting this, Corsair. Looking at the page history, the number was added by a User:Noldor2. This user made a couple of other questionable edits -- I'll have a look at what escaped attention.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:44, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

:No worries, glad I could help. [[User:Corsair Caruso|Corsair Caruso]] 22:53, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

:Just wanted to make one more suggestion. There might have been other Palantiri given to the Numenoreans, but the only ones I've encountered in canon were those given directly to Amandil by the Eldar. "The stones were gifts of the Eldar to Amandil, father of Elendil, for the comfort of the Faithful of Numenor in their dark days, when the Elves might come no longer to that land under the shadow of Sauron." (The Silmarillion: Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age.) This seems to indicate that only Amandil, and subsequently his descendants, had palantiri, rather than a number of them being given as gifts to the Numenoreans in general. [[User:Corsair Caruso|Corsair Caruso]] 00:00, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

:One more issue I've spotted. In this article it is stated that Aragorn took control of the Orthanc stone "upon the downfall of Sauron". I believe that happened ''before'' his downfall (Return of the King, The Passing of the Grey Company), so I changed it to "in the last weeks of the War". Also, it states Aragorn thereby broke the stone's connection to the one in Sauron's possession, implying there ''was'' a connection in the first place. I believe Tolkien suggests that those with very strong will can control the stones and exert some kind of influence over those with weaker will who attempt to use the stones, and that is why ordinary people who looked into the Orthanc stone would be ensnared, and not because there was an intrinsic connection between the two stones. --[[User:Shadrak|Shadrak]] 13:55, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

Talk:Palantíri

2014-08-01T13:54:37Z

Shadrak: /* References */

Talk:Palantíri

2014-08-01T13:49:27Z

Shadrak: /* References */

After I edited this article, I discovered that, in the [[:Category:Palantíri]], five of the seven (and the "[[Masterstone]]") have already been given articles, under different names than I gave. I know Tolkien has a writing somewhere specifically about the ''palantíri'', but I can't remember where it is. My question is this: what does Tolkien call the individual stones in the texts? --[[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil Palùrfalas]] 17:10, 14 January 2008 (EST)
:I don't know the answer to your question, but the writing is found at the end of Unfinished Tales [[User:Ælfwine|Ælfwine228]] 16:42, 22 July 2008 (EDT)

== References ==
This is a pretty strong article, but it's badly in need of some references.--[[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] 14:03, 1 August 2008 (EDT)
:I agree. I think references are needed for one point in particular: the article notes that there were originally 28 palantiri made, but I've never found any such number indicated in canon text. While I believe that it has been stated in some of Tolkien's (earlier) writings that smiths other than Feanor could make palantiri, I believe we're only introduced to the seven granted to Amandil by the Eldar, and the Masterstone at Tol Eressea. I've never seen a reference to the other twenty mentioned here. It's entirely possible I just haven't come across the reference in Tolkien's writings, but if there were a citation here, I'd feel more confident in the information as presented. Does anyone know anything about this? [[User:Corsair Caruso|Corsair Caruso]] 03:50, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

::Thanks for spotting this, Corsair. Looking at the page history, the number was added by a User:Noldor2. This user made a couple of other questionable edits -- I'll have a look at what escaped attention.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:44, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

:No worries, glad I could help. [[User:Corsair Caruso|Corsair Caruso]] 22:53, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

:Just wanted to make one more suggestion. There might have been other Palantiri given to the Numenoreans, but the only ones I've encountered in canon were those given directly to Amandil by the Eldar. "The stones were gifts of the Eldar to Amandil, father of Elendil, for the comfort of the Faithful of Numenor in their dark days, when the Elves might come no longer to that land under the shadow of Sauron." (The Silmarillion: Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age.) This seems to indicate that only Amandil, and subsequently his descendants, had palantiri, rather than a number of them being given as gifts to the Numenoreans in general. [[User:Corsair Caruso|Corsair Caruso]] 00:00, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

:One more issue I've spotted. In this article it is stated that Aragorn took control of the Orthanc stone "upon the downfall of Sauron". I believe that happened ''before'' his downfall, so I changed it to "in the last weeks of the War". Also, it states Aragorn thereby broke the stone's connection to the one in Sauron's possession, implying there ''was'' a connection in the first place. I believe Tolkien suggests that those with very strong will can control the stones and exert some kind of influence over those with weaker will who attempt to use the stones, and that is why ordinary people who looked into the Orthanc stone would be ensnared, and not because there was an intrinsic connection between the two stones.

Palantíri

2014-08-01T13:42:16Z

Shadrak: /* Third Age and beyond */

{{disambig-more|Palantír|[[Palantir (disambiguation)]]}}
{{objects
| image=[[File:Raphael Rau - Palantir.jpg|250px]]
| name=Palantíri
| othernames=Seeing Stones
| derivation=
| location=Various locations in [[Endor]]
| ownedby=[[Elendil]] and his line, [[Ruling Stewards]], [[Saruman]]
| maker=[[Fëanor]]<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}</ref>
| appearance=Smooth, round, dark stones
| references=
}}
{{quote|The ''palantír'' replied to each, but all those in [[Gondor]] were ever open to the view of [[Osgiliath]]. Now it appears that, as the [[Orthanc|rock of Orthanc]] has withstood the storms of time, so there the ''palantír'' of that tower has remained. But alone it could do nothing but see small images of things far off and days remote. Very useful, no doubt, that was to [[Saruman]]; yet it seems that he was not content. Further and further abroad he gazed, until he cast his gaze upon [[Barad-dûr]]. Then he was caught!|[[Gandalf]], ''[[The Palantír]]''}}
The '''''palantíri''''' (sometimes translated as "''Seeing Stones''") were stones that could be used in communication with one another, and also to see many things across the face of the world. When its master looked in it, he could communicate with other Stones and anyone who might be looking into them; people of great power can manipulate the Stones to see virtually any part of the world.

==History==
===Origin and early history===
The ''palantíri'' were made by [[Fëanor]] in the [[Uttermost West]].<ref name="SIndex"/> Many ''palantíri'' were made, but the number is not known. Some of these were given to the [[Dúnedain]] of [[Númenor]] by [[Gil-galad]] as a gift during the [[Second Age]]. Of these, [[Elendil]] took seven with him in his flight to [[Middle-earth]] upon the [[Downfall of Númenor]], and in time they were distributed to seven different locations: four in [[Gondor]] and three in [[Arnor]].<ref name="SRings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> They were used largely for communication, but also to see what was occurring throughout the respective realms. Their existence was common knowledge, but no-one was allowed easy access to them save for kings and rulers, appointed wardens, or by royal command.

===Third Age and beyond===
One by one the stones vanished from public knowledge or were lost. The [[Osgiliath-stone]] fell into [[Anduin]] during the [[Kin-strife]] and burning of that city in {{TA|1437}}. When [[Arvedui]], [[King of Arnor]], was shipwrecked and his line ended in {{TA|1975|n}}, he drowned with the ''palantíri'' of [[Amon Sûl-stone|Amon Sûl]] and [[Annúminas-stone|Annúminas]], the only communicating stones of Arnor. When [[Minas Ithil]] fell in {{TA|2002|n}}, the stone was assumed destroyed in general. The wiser and more foresighted men of Gondor decided that in case Sauron had seized the Stone, they would stop using the [[Anor-stone]] to prevent any contact with the [[Dark Lord]]. As the [[Elostirion-stone]] was locked away and could not answer the other stones anyway, the only remaining stone was the [[Orthanc-stone]], which became useless to the Gondorians. When [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]] gave [[Saruman]] the deserted but secure [[Orthanc]] in {{TA|2759|n}}, he likely assumed that Saruman, head of the leading order against Sauron, would keep it safe.

Several of these hidden or lost stones came to light during the [[War of the Ring]]. Previous to this, Saruman used his ''palantír'' to gain knowledge, and eventually was caught when he dared to look toward [[Mordor]]. Thus, the above war was greatly affected by these stones. Later, in the final weeks of the War, its rightful master [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] wrested it to his will, so that it no longer had a connection with the stolen Ithil stone. {{fact}}

The second ''palantír'' to be revealed was that of Minas Anor. Denethor, too, had glanced toward Mordor with it, but his great hate of incarnate evil and power of will prevented him from being snared, though it taxed him greatly. Partially because of what he saw he eventually committed suicide in the darkest hour. This stone was later used by King [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], though it is said that anyone of weaker will who looked into it would see the writhing hands of Denethor in his final agony.

The final fate of most of the stones is unknown. The Elostirion-stone was taken west with the [[Ringbearer]]s in {{TA|3021|n}} of the [[Third Age]], severing the last link of [[Middle-earth]] to [[Valinor]]. The stones of Anor and Orthanc are believed to have been reinstated in the [[Reunited Kingdom]] and used officially once more. The Ithil-stone may have been destroyed in the fall of Barad-dûr, but it is also possible that it too was found and reused in the Reunited Kingdom. Whether or not the other three lost stones were ever found is never indicated; the Osgiliath-stone may have rolled into the Sea, or it may have lain still in the Anduin. The stones of Arnor, however, were lost in the frozen seas of [[Forochel]], and therefore it is highly unlikely that they could ever be recovered.

==Timeline==
*{{SA|3319}} - [[Downfall of Númenor]]; seven Stones are taken to [[Middle-earth]] by the [[Faithful]]
*{{TA|861}} - Division of [[Arnor]]; the [[Amon Sûl-stone]] is contested by [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]].
*{{TA|1409}} - The watchtower of [[Amon Sûl]] is destroyed by [[Angmar]]'s forces; the Amon Sûl-stone is taken to [[Fornost]]
*{{TA|1437}} - Burning of [[Osgiliath]]; the [[Osgiliath-stone]] falls into [[Anduin]]
*{{TA|1974}} - Fall of [[Arthedain]]; [[Arvedui]] salvages the Amon Sûl and [[Annúminas-stone]]s and takes them with him.
*{{TA|1975}} - Amon Sûl and Annúminas-stones sink in [[Forochel]]
*{{TA|2002}} - Sauron seizes the [[Ithil-stone]]. Gondorians stop using the [[Anor-stone]] and [[Orthanc-stone]].
*{{TA|2759}} - [[Saruman]] assumes the Orthanc-stone.
*c. {{TA|3000}} - Saruman is corrupted by the Stone.
*{{TA|3019}} - The Stone is thrown by [[Wormtongue]]; [[Aragorn]] twists the stone to his will.
*{{TA|3021}} - The [[Elostirion-stone]] is taken West on the [[White Ship]]

==Appearance==
They were perfect spheres, appearing to be made of solid glass or deep black crystal. The smallest stones were one foot in diameter; the larger stones too large for a single man to bear. They were unbreakable save, some thought, by the fires of [[Orodruin]].

==The Stones==
[[File:John Howe - Saruman's Palantir.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Saruman's Palantír'']]
* The '''[[Master-stone]]''' was not one of the seven, but remained in the [[Tower of Avallonë]] in [[Tol Eressëa]]. It was the master stone. It apparently could not communicate with the stones of [[Middle-earth]], or at least is not mentioned having done so.

* The '''[[Osgiliath-stone]]''' was the largest stone among the seven, and chief among them. It was placed in a prominent building in [[Osgiliath]], the capital city of the kingdom of [[Gondor]]. The ceiling of its chamber was painted to resemble a starry sky, and gave its name (''[[ost]]-[[gil]]iath'', the [[Dome of Stars]]) to the city itself. It was too large for one man to carry.

* The '''[[Elostirion-stone]]''', also known as the '''[[Elendil Stone]]''', was placed by [[Elendil]] in the tower of [[Elostirion]] in the [[Emyn Beraid]], just west of [[The Shire]]. The tower and stone were maintained and guarded by [[Círdan]] and the [[Lindon]]-[[elves]]. Elendil used it to look back along the [[Straight Road]] to [[Eressëa]] and even the [[Tower of Avallonë]] and the [[Master-stone]], and though it is indicated that he tried, he could not see the fallen Númenor. It could not be used in communication with the other stones, and was unique in this respect.

* The '''[[Amon Sûl-stone]]''' was placed in the watch-tower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. It was the largest and most powerful of the [[Arnor]]ian ''palantíri'' and the one most used in communication with [[Gondor]]. Like the Osgiliath-stone, it "could not be lifted by one man."

* The '''[[Annúminas-stone]]''' was also placed in Arnor, in the city of [[Annúminas]].

* The '''[[Ithil-stone]]''' was placed in [[Minas Ithil]], in the mountains that came to be known as the [[Ephel Dúath]]. When Minas Ithil fell to the [[Nazgûl]], the Ithil-stone was taken to [[Barad-dûr]] and used by [[Sauron]].

* The '''[[Orthanc-stone]]''' was placed in the great tower built by the [[Dúnedain]] in the Second Age at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains]], [[Orthanc]]. It fell into the hands of the wizard [[Saruman]], who used it to garner information on his neighbors and their activities. The stone was also partially responsible for Saruman's fall from grace, as he was using it when he came upon [[Sauron]], and was ensnared by him. After the [[War of the Ring]], the Orthanc-stone remained in the custody of the Kings of Gondor in the [[Fourth Age]].

* The '''[[Anor-stone]]''' was placed at [[Minas Anor]], later renamed [[Minas Tirith]] and made the capital of [[Gondor]]. It was kept an unused secret by the Ruling Stewards until it was ultimately used by Steward [[Denethor|Denethor II]] to watch his land, and he eventually even challenged Sauron in a battle of wills. Denethor did not become corrupted, but the great effort of will that this required of him led him to age quickly. [[Denethor]] was holding the stone when he committed suicide on a funeral pyre, and after this, only people of exceeding power could see in it anything other than two flaming hands.

==Usage==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Saruman using Palantír.jpg|250px|thumb|Saruman with a ''palantír'' from Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]The purpose of the stones in general was dual: to communicate with one another, and to see afar. All the stones save for the Elostirion-stone could be used in communication with one another, although the bigger and more powerful stones were favored for this use over long distances. The great Osgiliath-stone could spy on communication by the lesser stones, and a few others apparently also had special abilities. The stones' gaze could penetrate beyond any solid object, such as into deep caverns, but required light to see anything. A technique called ''[[shrouding]]'' was used when something was to be kept secret from any possible watchers using the stones. Knowledge of this technique was lost in time, although Sauron probably knew of it.

The user or "surveyer" of a ''palantír'' would first assure himself that the stone was oriented properly. Usually the stones were held firmly so that this did not have to occur at each viewing. Then the surveyer would take up a position facing the direction he would want to look; for instance, if he wished to look west, he would stand on the eastern side of the stone. The major stones, however, could be rotated, and thus did not require moving about. The stones were apparently controlled by will power; although chance largely dictated precisely upon what the gaze of the stones lay, the surveyer could manipulate and shift the gaze by merely concentrating, even when not touching the stone. This concentrating, however, was quite taxing, and so was not generally used save in urgent situations. Zooming in could be accomplished through the same methods, and standing three feet away from the stone achieved the best clarity and widest scope. Stronger and more skilled surveyers could generally see more easily and with less difficulty than others.

To communicate with another stone, the viewer would orient himself and look toward the location of that stone, and the two stones would automatically connect with one another unless one was being used in another conversation. The surveyer would transmit his thoughts to the other stone by thinking, but the person on the other end would hear it in his head. The surveyer and his contact would see one another, but sounds could not be transmitted save through the above method of thought.

The stones were generally placed in bowls or depressions in tables of black marble, oriented through trial and error so that the poles of the stone aligned with the center of the world. The kings usually appointed deputies to look in the stone regularly, or on command, or in times of emergency. Others not authorized by the king could use them, but it took a great amount of willpower, and things were often less clear.

==Etymology==
The name '''''palantír''''' (pl. '''''palantíri''''') is [[Quenya]], meaning "Far-seer",<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quen-eng.htm|articlename=Quettaparma Quenyallo|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=14 October 2013}}</ref> containing the element ''[[palan]]'' ("far and wide").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''palan''</ref>

The [[Sindarin]] name for the seeing-stones is '''''Gwahaedir'''''.<ref>{{PM|Second}}, p. 186 (n. 15)</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Didier Willis]]|articleurl=http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en-strict.html|articlename=Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary|dated=|website=[http://www.jrrvf.com/haut.shtml Jrrvf.com]|accessed=14 October 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of palantíri|Images of palantíri]]

{{Palantiri}}

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palantiri}}
[[Category:Palantíri| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Palantíri]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/palantiri]]
[[fi:Palantíri]]

Hornburg

2014-07-08T19:10:15Z

Shadrak:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jeremy Bennett - Helm's Deep.jpg|''Helm's Deep'' by Jeremy Bennett|thumb|right]]
The '''Hornburg''' (originally '''[[Súthburg]]''') was a great [[Gondor]]ian fortress built on [[Hornrock|a rock]], connected to the [[Deeping Wall]]. It guarded [[Helm's Deep|a deep valley]] nestled in the northeastern [[White Mountains]]. It was built by [[Númenóreans]] in the days of the glory of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{TT|Deep}}</ref>

In later years whole regions of Gondor, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated or evacuated. Therefore it came into the possession of [[Rohan]] and the master of [[Westfold]] dwelt there.

During the [[Dunlendings]]' occupation and [[Wulf]]'s usurpation, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] sought refuge there. It was renamed '''Hornburg''' because a horn shouted from its tower, could be heard in the whole Deep.

During the [[War of the Ring]] it was commanded by [[Gamling]] the Old, and defended off a large-scale attack from [[Isengard]] during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. It was said among the Rohirrim that "no enemy has yet taken the Hornburg", and it was considered the strongest point in Rohan, stronger than [[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

Hornburg

2014-07-08T19:09:56Z

Shadrak:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jeremy Bennett - Helm's Deep.jpg|''Helm's Deep'' by Jeremy Bennett|thumb|right]]
The '''Hornburg''' (originally '''[[Súthburg]]''') was a great [[Gondor]]ian fortress built on [[Hornrock|a rock]], connected to the [[Deeping Wall]]. It guarded [[Helm's Deep|a deep valley]] nestled in the northeastern [[White Mountains]]. It was built by [[Númenóreans]] in the days of the glory of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{TT|}}</ref>

In later years whole regions of Gondor, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated or evacuated. Therefore it came into the possession of [[Rohan]] and the master of [[Westfold]] dwelt there.

During the [[Dunlendings]]' occupation and [[Wulf]]'s usurpation, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] sought refuge there. It was renamed '''Hornburg''' because a horn shouted from its tower, could be heard in the whole Deep.

During the [[War of the Ring]] it was commanded by [[Gamling]] the Old, and defended off a large-scale attack from [[Isengard]] during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. It was said among the Rohirrim that "no enemy has yet taken the Hornburg", and it was considered the strongest point in Rohan, stronger than [[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

Hornburg

2014-07-08T19:09:21Z

Shadrak:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jeremy Bennett - Helm's Deep.jpg|''Helm's Deep'' by Jeremy Bennett|thumb|right]]
The '''Hornburg''' (originally '''[[Súthburg]]''') was a great [[Gondor]]ian fortress built on [[Hornrock|a rock]], connected to the [[Deeping Wall]]. It guarded [[Helm's Deep|a deep valley]] nestled in the northeastern [[White Mountains]]. It was built by [[Númenóreans]] in the days of the glory of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{FR|}}</ref>

In later years whole regions of Gondor, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated or evacuated. Therefore it came into the possession of [[Rohan]] and the master of [[Westfold]] dwelt there.

During the [[Dunlendings]]' occupation and [[Wulf]]'s usurpation, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] sought refuge there. It was renamed '''Hornburg''' because a horn shouted from its tower, could be heard in the whole Deep.

During the [[War of the Ring]] it was commanded by [[Gamling]] the Old, and defended off a large-scale attack from [[Isengard]] during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. It was said among the Rohirrim that "no enemy has yet taken the Hornburg", and it was considered the strongest point in Rohan, stronger than [[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

Hornburg

2014-07-08T19:07:42Z

Shadrak:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jeremy Bennett - Helm's Deep.jpg|''Helm's Deep'' by Jeremy Bennett|thumb|right]]
The '''Hornburg''' (originally '''[[Súthburg]]''') was a great [[Gondor]]ian fortress built on [[Hornrock|a rock]], connected to the [[Deeping Wall]]. It guarded [[Helm's Deep|a deep valley]] nestled in the northeastern [[White Mountains]]. It was built by [[Númenóreans]] in the days of the glory of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{FR|Deep}}</ref>

In later years whole regions of Gondor, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated or evacuated. Therefore it came into the possession of [[Rohan]] and the master of [[Westfold]] dwelt there.

During the [[Dunlendings]]' occupation and [[Wulf]]'s usurpation, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] sought refuge there. It was renamed '''Hornburg''' because a horn shouted from its tower, could be heard in the whole Deep.

During the [[War of the Ring]] it was commanded by [[Gamling]] the Old, and defended off a large-scale attack from [[Isengard]] during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. It was said among the Rohirrim that "no enemy has yet taken the Hornburg", and it was considered the strongest point in Rohan, stronger than [[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

Hornburg

2014-07-08T19:01:11Z

Shadrak:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jeremy Bennett - Helm's Deep.jpg|''Helm's Deep'' by Jeremy Bennett|thumb|right]]
The '''Hornburg''' (originally '''[[Súthburg]]''') was a great [[Gondor]]ian fortress built on [[Hornrock|a rock]], connected to the [[Deeping Wall]]. It guarded [[Helm's Deep|a deep valley]] nestled in the northeastern [[White Mountains]]. It was built by [[Númenóreans]] in the days of the glory of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{FR|Deep}}</ref>

In later years whole regions of Gondor, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated or evacuated. Therefore it came into the possession of [[Rohan]] and the master of [[Westfold]] dwelt there.

During the [[Dunlendings]]' occupation and [[Wulf]]'s usurpation, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] sought refuge there. It was renamed '''Hornburg''' because a horn shouted from its tower, could be heard in the whole Deep.

During the [[War of the Ring]] it was commanded by [[Gamling]] the Old, and defended off a large-scale attack from [[Isengard]] during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. It was said among the Rohirrim that "no enemy has yet taken the Hornburg", and it was considered the strongest point in Rohan, stronger than [[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]].

[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

{{references}}

Hornburg

2014-07-08T19:01:00Z

Shadrak:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jeremy Bennett - Helm's Deep.jpg|''Helm's Deep'' by Jeremy Bennett|thumb|right]]
The '''Hornburg''' (originally '''[[Súthburg]]''') was a great [[Gondor]]ian fortress built on [[Hornrock|a rock]], connected to the [[Deeping Wall]]. It guarded [[Helm's Deep|a deep valley]] nestled in the northeastern [[White Mountains]]. It was built by [[Númenóreans]] in the days of the glory of [[Gondor]].

In later years whole regions of Gondor, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated or evacuated. Therefore it came into the possession of [[Rohan]] and the master of [[Westfold]] dwelt there.

During the [[Dunlendings]]' occupation and [[Wulf]]'s usurpation, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] sought refuge there. It was renamed '''Hornburg''' because a horn shouted from its tower, could be heard in the whole Deep.

During the [[War of the Ring]] it was commanded by [[Gamling]] the Old, and defended off a large-scale attack from [[Isengard]] during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. It was said among the Rohirrim that "no enemy has yet taken the Hornburg", and it was considered the strongest point in Rohan, stronger than [[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]].

[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

{{references}}

Hornburg

2014-07-08T18:58:36Z

Shadrak:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jeremy Bennett - Helm's Deep.jpg|''Helm's Deep'' by Jeremy Bennett|thumb|right]]
The '''Hornburg''' (originally '''[[Súthburg]]''') was a great [[Gondor]]ian fortress built on [[Hornrock|a rock]], connected to the [[Deeping Wall]]. It guarded [[Helm's Deep|a deep valley]] nestled in the northeastern [[White Mountains]]. It was built by Númenóreans in the days of the glory of Gondor.<ref>{{FR|Deep}}</ref>

In later years whole regions of Gondor, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated or evacuated. Therefore it came into the possession of [[Rohan]] and the master of [[Westfold]] dwelt there.

During the [[Dunlendings]]' occupation and [[Wulf]]'s usurpation, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] sought refuge there. It was renamed '''Hornburg''' because a horn shouted from its tower, could be heard in the whole Deep.

During the [[War of the Ring]] it was commanded by [[Gamling]] the Old, and defended off a large-scale attack from [[Isengard]] during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. It was said among the Rohirrim that "no enemy has yet taken the Hornburg", and it was considered the strongest point in Rohan, stronger than [[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]].

[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

{{references}}

Hornburg

2014-07-08T18:57:51Z

Shadrak:

{{Expansion}}
[[File:Jeremy Bennett - Helm's Deep.jpg|''Helm's Deep'' by Jeremy Bennett|thumb|right]]
The '''Hornburg''' (originally '''[[Súthburg]]''') was a great [[Gondor]]ian fortress built on [[Hornrock|a rock]], connected to the [[Deeping Wall]]. It guarded [[Helm's Deep|a deep valley]] nestled in the northeastern [[White Mountains]]. It was built by Númenóreans in the days of the glory of Gondor.<ref>{{FR|Deep}}</ref>

In later years whole regions of Gondor, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated or evacuated. Therefore it came into the possession of [[Rohan]] and the master of [[Westfold]] dwelt there.

During the [[Dunlendings]]' occupation and [[Wulf]]'s usurpation, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] sought refuge there. It was renamed '''Hornburg''' because a horn shouted from its tower, could be heard in the whole Deep.

During the [[War of the Ring]] it was commanded by [[Gamling]] the Old, and defended off a large-scale attack from [[Isengard]] during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. It was said among the Rohirrim that "no enemy has yet taken the Hornburg", and it was considered the strongest point in Rohan, stronger than [[Edoras]] and [[Dunharrow]].

[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

Gil-galad

2014-07-08T18:52:19Z

Shadrak: /* Second Age */

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Gil-galad at the Last Alliance.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gil-galad
| pronun=
| othernames=''Artanáro''/''Rodnor'' ([[Quenya|Q]]/[[Sindarin|S]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Ereinion'' ([[Sindarin|S]], [[Epessë|epessë]])
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| position=
| location=[[Havens of Sirion]]; [[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=c. {{FA|450}}
| birthlocation=Unknown
| rule={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| death={{SA|3441}}
| deathlocation=[[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| age=c. 3581
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Fingolfin]] ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[House of Finarfin]] (later notes)
| parentage=[[Fingon]] ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[Orodreth]] (later notes)
| siblings=none ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[Finduilas]] (later notes)
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]]
| steed=
}}
{{Pronounce|Ereinion Gil-galad.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|Gil-galad was an Elven-king Of him the harpers sadly sing The last whose realm was fair and free Between the Mountains and the Sea.|From [[The Fall of Gil-galad]], as translated by [[Bilbo Baggins]]}}</center>
'''Ereinion Gil-galad''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[eˈreɪnjon ˈɡilɡalad]}}) was the sixth and last [[High King of the Noldor]].

== History ==
===First Age===
The exact date and place of Gil-galad's birth is not given.

He was still a child at the time of the [[Dagor Bragollach]] when [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]]. As a result his father<ref group=note>In the [[Silmarillion]], Gil-galad's father was [[Fingon]]; in later notes [[Tolkien]] changed him to [[Orodreth]], but never incorporated this change in a narrative. See [[#Other Versions of the Legendarium]]</ref> sent him (and his mother<ref name="Ruin">{{WJ|Ruin}}</ref>) to [[Círdan]] at the [[Havens of the Falas]] for safekeeping.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> After the fall of Minas Tirith, the [[Pass of Sirion]] was open to Morgoth's hosts although they were still kept at bay by the still mighty realm of [[Hithlum]] and also the power of Nargothrond. Hithlum was destroyed after the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] and thus there was now power left that could withstand the enemies and the ports at the Falas were besieged and captured. Yet Círdan, Gil-galad and many other Elves could flee from death on ship and etablished a refuge upon the [[Isle of Balar]] and a small haven at the [[Mouths of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

In the Nirnaeth Arnoediad [[Fingon]], High King of the Noldor, was slain, and the crown passed to his brother [[Turgon]] in Gondolin. When Gondolin was lost, Gil-galad received the Kingship of the Noldor.<ref>{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> He and Círdan maintained the refuge upon Balar and the small port at the Sirion estuary until the [[War of Wrath]] and the end of the First Age.

===Second Age===
After the destruction of [[Beleriand]] during the [[War of Wrath]], Gil-galad founded a kingdom in [[Lindon]] in the far northwest of Middle-earth, roughly between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] around the [[Gulf of Lhûn]] and the havens [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]] and [[Mithlond]] were founded.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> Many Elves, both [[Sindar]] and [[Noldor]] joined him. But soon there was again unrest among the Noldor, and many of them left Lindon and led by [[Celebrimbor]] founded the realm of [[Eregion]], probably also stirred up by the finding of ''[[mithril]]'' in [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Also some Sindar and many of the [[Nandor]] did not wish to live with the Noldor, who had done them [[Sack of Doriath|great evil]], and migrated eastwards to [[Lothlórien]] or [[Greenwood the Great]].

When Prince [[Aldarion]] of [[Númenor]] came to [[Middle-earth]], they established friendship with the [[Elves]]. In {{SA|882}} Gil-galad gave him [[Gil-galad's letter|a letter for his father]], the [[King of Númenor]], [[Tar-Meneldur]]. He warned him that a new shadow was arisen in the [[East]] and beseeched him for aid.<ref>{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref>

[[File:Lelia - Gil-Galad.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Lelia - ''Gil-galad'']]Around the year 1000 of the Second Age, [[Sauron]] tried to make contact with the Elves under the name [[Annatar]], the "Lord of Gifts". But Gil-galad and Círdan did not trust him and rejected his proposals. Sauron though, was welcomed in Eregion and the [[Rings of Power]] were forged.<ref name="Rings"/> Around {{SA|1600}} Sauron had forged [[the One Ring]], and in {{SA|1695}} he invaded [[Eriador]], the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] began.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Second}}</ref> Celebrimbor had rescued the Three Rings of the Elves in time, sending [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]] to Gil-galad, while the third ring [[Nenya]] was given to [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

Sauron conquered [[Eregion]] quickly and the forces from Lindon that Gil-galad had sent under command of [[Elrond]] came too late and were too small and fled far north, where Elrond etablished the stronghold of [[Rivendell|Imladris]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> While Sauron sent most of his army west to attack [[Lindon]] he had to leave a strong detachment behind to contain Elrond.<ref name=UTC>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

The war lasted on, until a great fleet of the [[Númenóreans]] arrived at Lindon. With united forces, Sauron's army was driven back and defeated near [[Sarnford]] and withdrew to [[Tharbad]] were he was reinforced. But the Númenórean's Admiral [[Tar-Minastir]] had send a fleet up river Gwathló and Sauron's army was [[Battle of the Gwathló|attacked in the rear and utterly defeated]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> After this war, the Elves were not further troubled by Sauron for a long time. During this time, Gil-galad passed the rings Narya and Vilya to Círdan and Elrond, whom appointed his vice-regent.<ref name="Galadriel"/>.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his sons came to Middle-earth and founded the realms of [[Gondor]] in the south and [[Arnor]] in the north. Gondor was soon attacked by Sauron and Elendil's son [[Isildur]] had to flee, and sailed north to his father, where the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] was formed with Gil-galad.

It took several years for the Allies to gather their forces but ultimately they marched on Mordor and defeated a great army in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]]. They broke through [[Cirith Gorgor]] and besieged [[Sauron]]'s [[Dark Tower]].

When the siege had lasted seven years, it became so pressing that Sauron himself sallied forth. By his power the siege was broken and his army advanced to the slopes of [[Orodruin]]. There he was engaged by Elendil and Gil-galad in single combat. Sauron was defeated but both Gil-galad and Elendil were killed in the act. Gil-galad was the last High King of Noldor. In the scroll he left in [[Minas Tirith]] before riding north, Isildur wrote that Gil-galad was killed by the heat of Sauron's hand.<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p.246</ref>

Gil-galad's weapon was the spear [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]].

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==

Gil-galad was originally, and briefly, conceived as a descendant of [[Fëanor]].

Later, and through the writing of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', he was considered a son of [[Finrod Felagund]], until Tolkien decided that Felagund was unmarried and childless.

A marginal note by Tolkien from around this time (the late 1950s) suggested that Gil-galad might be the son of [[Fingon]]. This suggestion was taken up by Tolkien's son and literary executor [[Christopher Tolkien]] in the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', which states that Gil-galad is the son of [[Fingon]]. This parentage is also mentioned in ''[[Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife]]''. [[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher]] later stated in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' that this decision to make Gil-galad a son of Fingon was an editorial mistake on his part, and did not represent his father's conception of the character. He suggested that it would have been better to have left Gil-galad's parentage obscure.

Tolkien's final decision for Gil-galad's parentage appears to have been that he was a son of [[Orodreth]], who was at the same time changed from being a son of [[Finarfin]] to a son of [[Angrod]].<ref>The Shibboleth of Fëanor (History of Middle Earth vol.XII)</ref> This conception, however, was never incorporated into the written stories of ''The Silmarillion'', and aspects of it — notably the downgrading of Orodreth into a son of Angrod — would have required considerable reworking of the existing text.

== Etymology ==

''Gil-galad'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, meaning "Star of bright light". The name consists of the elements ''[[gil]]'' ("star") + ''[[galad]]'' ("radiance")<ref name=RGEO>{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 73</ref>. According to a note this name was given to him because of the brightness of his eyes <ref name="Ruin"/>.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Gil-galad.jpg|thumb|[[Mark Ferguson]] as Gil-galad in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]
''Gil-galad ''was his [[Amilessë|mother-name]], and it was his preferred name in his youth. His [[father-name]] was '''''Rodnor''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈrodnor]}}), or in [[Quenya]], '''''Artanáro''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌartaˈnaːro]}}).

As High King of the Noldor, his [[epessë]] was '''''Ereinion''''', "Scion of Kings" (from ''[[erain]]'' = "kings" and ''[[ion]]'' = "son").

== Revised genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ARF |y| EAR | | | | | | |ARF=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | FIN | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |FIN=[[Finrod]]|ANG=[[Angrod]]|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | | | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | GIL | | | | FIN | | | | | | | |GIL='''GIL-GALAD'''|FIN=[[Finduilas]] }}
{{familytree/end}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=noldor
| house=[[Fingolfin|House of Fingolfin]]
| born=c. {{FA|450}}
| died={{SA|3441}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=
| prev=[[Turgon]]
| list=6th [[High King of the Noldor]]
| dates={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| next=Abandoned
| nvac=None
| nrow=
}}
{{seq-end}}

== Portrayals in adaptations==
'''2001''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:In the prologue, Gil-galad can be seen holding one of the three Elven rings. Later, he is seen wielding his spear Aeglos in the Battle of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. His death is not shown, and he does not take down Sauron. He is played by [[Mark Ferguson]].

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Gil-galad|Images of Gil-galad]].
{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:amilessi]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[de:Gil-galad]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:gil-galad]]
[[fi:Gil-galad]]

Gil-galad

2014-07-08T18:47:56Z

Shadrak: /* Second Age */

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Gil-galad at the Last Alliance.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gil-galad
| pronun=
| othernames=''Artanáro''/''Rodnor'' ([[Quenya|Q]]/[[Sindarin|S]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Ereinion'' ([[Sindarin|S]], [[Epessë|epessë]])
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| position=
| location=[[Havens of Sirion]]; [[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=c. {{FA|450}}
| birthlocation=Unknown
| rule={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| death={{SA|3441}}
| deathlocation=[[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| age=c. 3581
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Fingolfin]] ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[House of Finarfin]] (later notes)
| parentage=[[Fingon]] ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[Orodreth]] (later notes)
| siblings=none ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[Finduilas]] (later notes)
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]]
| steed=
}}
{{Pronounce|Ereinion Gil-galad.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|Gil-galad was an Elven-king Of him the harpers sadly sing The last whose realm was fair and free Between the Mountains and the Sea.|From [[The Fall of Gil-galad]], as translated by [[Bilbo Baggins]]}}</center>
'''Ereinion Gil-galad''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[eˈreɪnjon ˈɡilɡalad]}}) was the sixth and last [[High King of the Noldor]].

== History ==
===First Age===
The exact date and place of Gil-galad's birth is not given.

He was still a child at the time of the [[Dagor Bragollach]] when [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]]. As a result his father<ref group=note>In the [[Silmarillion]], Gil-galad's father was [[Fingon]]; in later notes [[Tolkien]] changed him to [[Orodreth]], but never incorporated this change in a narrative. See [[#Other Versions of the Legendarium]]</ref> sent him (and his mother<ref name="Ruin">{{WJ|Ruin}}</ref>) to [[Círdan]] at the [[Havens of the Falas]] for safekeeping.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> After the fall of Minas Tirith, the [[Pass of Sirion]] was open to Morgoth's hosts although they were still kept at bay by the still mighty realm of [[Hithlum]] and also the power of Nargothrond. Hithlum was destroyed after the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] and thus there was now power left that could withstand the enemies and the ports at the Falas were besieged and captured. Yet Círdan, Gil-galad and many other Elves could flee from death on ship and etablished a refuge upon the [[Isle of Balar]] and a small haven at the [[Mouths of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

In the Nirnaeth Arnoediad [[Fingon]], High King of the Noldor, was slain, and the crown passed to his brother [[Turgon]] in Gondolin. When Gondolin was lost, Gil-galad received the Kingship of the Noldor.<ref>{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> He and Círdan maintained the refuge upon Balar and the small port at the Sirion estuary until the [[War of Wrath]] and the end of the First Age.

===Second Age===
After the destruction of [[Beleriand]] during the [[War of Wrath]], Gil-galad founded a kingdom in [[Lindon]] in the far northwest of Middle-earth, roughly between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] around the [[Gulf of Lhûn]] and the havens [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]] and [[Mithlond]] were founded.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> Many Elves, both [[Sindar]] and [[Noldor]] joined him. But soon there was again unrest among the Noldor, and many of them left Lindon and led by [[Celebrimbor]] founded the realm of [[Eregion]], probably also stirred up by the finding of ''[[mithril]]'' in [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Also some Sindar and many of the [[Nandor]] did not wish to live with the Noldor, who had done them [[Sack of Doriath|great evil]], and migrated eastwards to [[Lothlórien]] or [[Greenwood the Great]].

When Prince [[Aldarion]] of [[Númenor]] came to [[Middle-earth]], they established friendship with the [[Elves]]. In {{SA|882}} Gil-galad gave him [[Gil-galad's letter|a letter for his father]], the [[King of Númenor]], [[Tar-Meneldur]]. He warned him that a new shadow was arisen in the [[East]] and beseeched him for aid.<ref>{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref>

[[File:Lelia - Gil-Galad.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Lelia - ''Gil-galad'']]Around the year 1000 of the Second Age, Sauron tried to make contact with the Elves under the name [[Annatar]], the "Lord of Gifts". But Gil-galad and Círdan did not trust him and rejected his proposals. Sauron though, was welcomed in Eregion and the [[Rings of Power]] were forged.<ref name="Rings"/> Around {{SA|1600}} Sauron had forged [[the One Ring]], and in {{SA|1695}} he invaded [[Eriador]], the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] began.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Second}}</ref> Celebrimbor had rescued the Three Rings of the Elves in time, sending [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]] to Gil-galad, while the third ring [[Nenya]] was given to [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

Sauron conquered [[Eregion]] quickly and the forces from Lindon that Gil-galad had sent under command of [[Elrond]] came too late and were too small and fled far north, where Elrond etablished the stronghold of [[Rivendell|Imladris]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> While Sauron sent most of his army west to attack [[Lindon]] he had to leave a strong detachment behind to contain Elrond.<ref name=UTC>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

The war lasted on, until a great fleet of the [[Númenóreans]] arrived at Lindon. With united forces, Sauron's army was driven back and defeated near [[Sarnford]] and withdrew to [[Tharbad]] were he was reinforced. But the Númenórean's Admiral [[Tar-Minastir]] had send a fleet up river Gwathló and Sauron's army was [[Battle of the Gwathló|attacked in the rear and utterly defeated]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> After this war, the Elves were not further troubled by Sauron for a long time. During this time, Gil-galad passed the rings Narya and Vilya to Círdan and Elrond, whom appointed his vice-regent.<ref name="Galadriel"/>.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his sons came to Middle-earth and founded the realms of [[Gondor]] in the south and [[Arnor]] in the north. Gondor was soon attacked by Sauron and Elendil's son [[Isildur]] had to flee, and sailed north to his father, where the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] was formed with Gil-galad.

It took several years for the Allies to gather their forces but ultimately they marched on Mordor and defeated a great army in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]]. They broke through [[Cirith Gorgor]] and besieged [[Sauron]]'s [[Dark Tower]].

When the siege had lasted seven years, it became so pressing that Sauron himself sallied forth. By his power the siege was broken and his army advanced to the slopes of [[Orodruin]]. There he was engaged by Elendil and Gil-galad in single combat. Sauron was defeated but both Gil-galad and Elendil were killed in the act. Gil-galad was the last High King of Noldor. In the scroll he left in Minas Tirith before riding north, Isildur wrote that Gil-galad was killed by the heat of Sauron's hand.<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p.246</ref>

Gil-galad's weapon was the spear [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]].

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==

Gil-galad was originally, and briefly, conceived as a descendant of [[Fëanor]].

Later, and through the writing of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', he was considered a son of [[Finrod Felagund]], until Tolkien decided that Felagund was unmarried and childless.

A marginal note by Tolkien from around this time (the late 1950s) suggested that Gil-galad might be the son of [[Fingon]]. This suggestion was taken up by Tolkien's son and literary executor [[Christopher Tolkien]] in the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', which states that Gil-galad is the son of [[Fingon]]. This parentage is also mentioned in ''[[Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife]]''. [[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher]] later stated in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' that this decision to make Gil-galad a son of Fingon was an editorial mistake on his part, and did not represent his father's conception of the character. He suggested that it would have been better to have left Gil-galad's parentage obscure.

Tolkien's final decision for Gil-galad's parentage appears to have been that he was a son of [[Orodreth]], who was at the same time changed from being a son of [[Finarfin]] to a son of [[Angrod]].<ref>The Shibboleth of Fëanor (History of Middle Earth vol.XII)</ref> This conception, however, was never incorporated into the written stories of ''The Silmarillion'', and aspects of it — notably the downgrading of Orodreth into a son of Angrod — would have required considerable reworking of the existing text.

== Etymology ==

''Gil-galad'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, meaning "Star of bright light". The name consists of the elements ''[[gil]]'' ("star") + ''[[galad]]'' ("radiance")<ref name=RGEO>{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 73</ref>. According to a note this name was given to him because of the brightness of his eyes <ref name="Ruin"/>.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Gil-galad.jpg|thumb|[[Mark Ferguson]] as Gil-galad in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]
''Gil-galad ''was his [[Amilessë|mother-name]], and it was his preferred name in his youth. His [[father-name]] was '''''Rodnor''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈrodnor]}}), or in [[Quenya]], '''''Artanáro''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌartaˈnaːro]}}).

As High King of the Noldor, his [[epessë]] was '''''Ereinion''''', "Scion of Kings" (from ''[[erain]]'' = "kings" and ''[[ion]]'' = "son").

== Revised genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ARF |y| EAR | | | | | | |ARF=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | FIN | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |FIN=[[Finrod]]|ANG=[[Angrod]]|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | | | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | GIL | | | | FIN | | | | | | | |GIL='''GIL-GALAD'''|FIN=[[Finduilas]] }}
{{familytree/end}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=noldor
| house=[[Fingolfin|House of Fingolfin]]
| born=c. {{FA|450}}
| died={{SA|3441}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=
| prev=[[Turgon]]
| list=6th [[High King of the Noldor]]
| dates={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| next=Abandoned
| nvac=None
| nrow=
}}
{{seq-end}}

== Portrayals in adaptations==
'''2001''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:In the prologue, Gil-galad can be seen holding one of the three Elven rings. Later, he is seen wielding his spear Aeglos in the Battle of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. His death is not shown, and he does not take down Sauron. He is played by [[Mark Ferguson]].

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Gil-galad|Images of Gil-galad]].
{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:amilessi]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[de:Gil-galad]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:gil-galad]]
[[fi:Gil-galad]]

Gil-galad

2014-07-08T18:47:17Z

Shadrak: /* Second Age */

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Gil-galad at the Last Alliance.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gil-galad
| pronun=
| othernames=''Artanáro''/''Rodnor'' ([[Quenya|Q]]/[[Sindarin|S]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Ereinion'' ([[Sindarin|S]], [[Epessë|epessë]])
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| position=
| location=[[Havens of Sirion]]; [[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=c. {{FA|450}}
| birthlocation=Unknown
| rule={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| death={{SA|3441}}
| deathlocation=[[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| age=c. 3581
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Fingolfin]] ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[House of Finarfin]] (later notes)
| parentage=[[Fingon]] ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[Orodreth]] (later notes)
| siblings=none ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[Finduilas]] (later notes)
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]]
| steed=
}}
{{Pronounce|Ereinion Gil-galad.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|Gil-galad was an Elven-king Of him the harpers sadly sing The last whose realm was fair and free Between the Mountains and the Sea.|From [[The Fall of Gil-galad]], as translated by [[Bilbo Baggins]]}}</center>
'''Ereinion Gil-galad''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[eˈreɪnjon ˈɡilɡalad]}}) was the sixth and last [[High King of the Noldor]].

== History ==
===First Age===
The exact date and place of Gil-galad's birth is not given.

He was still a child at the time of the [[Dagor Bragollach]] when [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]]. As a result his father<ref group=note>In the [[Silmarillion]], Gil-galad's father was [[Fingon]]; in later notes [[Tolkien]] changed him to [[Orodreth]], but never incorporated this change in a narrative. See [[#Other Versions of the Legendarium]]</ref> sent him (and his mother<ref name="Ruin">{{WJ|Ruin}}</ref>) to [[Círdan]] at the [[Havens of the Falas]] for safekeeping.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> After the fall of Minas Tirith, the [[Pass of Sirion]] was open to Morgoth's hosts although they were still kept at bay by the still mighty realm of [[Hithlum]] and also the power of Nargothrond. Hithlum was destroyed after the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] and thus there was now power left that could withstand the enemies and the ports at the Falas were besieged and captured. Yet Círdan, Gil-galad and many other Elves could flee from death on ship and etablished a refuge upon the [[Isle of Balar]] and a small haven at the [[Mouths of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

In the Nirnaeth Arnoediad [[Fingon]], High King of the Noldor, was slain, and the crown passed to his brother [[Turgon]] in Gondolin. When Gondolin was lost, Gil-galad received the Kingship of the Noldor.<ref>{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> He and Círdan maintained the refuge upon Balar and the small port at the Sirion estuary until the [[War of Wrath]] and the end of the First Age.

===Second Age===
After the destruction of [[Beleriand]] during the [[War of Wrath]], Gil-galad founded a kingdom in [[Lindon]] in the far northwest of Middle-earth, roughly between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] around the [[Gulf of Lhûn]] and the havens [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]] and [[Mithlond]] were founded.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> Many Elves, both [[Sindar]] and [[Noldor]] joined him. But soon there was again unrest among the Noldor, and many of them left Lindon and led by [[Celebrimbor]] founded the realm of [[Eregion]], probably also stirred up by the finding of ''[[mithril]]'' in [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Also some Sindar and many of the [[Nandor]] did not wish to live with the Noldor, who had done them [[Sack of Doriath|great evil]], and migrated eastwards to [[Lothlórien]] or [[Greenwood the Great]].

When Prince [[Aldarion]] of [[Númenor]] came to [[Middle-earth]], they established friendship with the [[Elves]]. In {{SA|882}} Gil-galad gave him [[Gil-galad's letter|a letter for his father]], the [[King of Númenor]], [[Tar-Meneldur]]. He warned him that a new shadow was arisen in the [[East]] and beseeched him for aid.<ref>{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref>

[[File:Lelia - Gil-Galad.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Lelia - ''Gil-galad'']]Around the year 1000 of the Second Age, Sauron tried to make contact with the Elves under the name [[Annatar]], the "Lord of Gifts". But Gil-galad and Círdan did not trust him and rejected his proposals. Sauron though, was welcomed in Eregion and the [[Rings of Power]] were forged.<ref name="Rings"/> Around {{SA|1600}} Sauron had forged [[the One Ring]], and in {{SA|1695}} he invaded [[Eriador]], the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] began.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Second}}</ref> Celebrimbor had rescued the Three Rings of the Elves in time, sending [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]] to Gil-galad, while the third ring [[Nenya]] was given to [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

Sauron conquered [[Eregion]] quickly and the forces from Lindon that Gil-galad had sent under command of [[Elrond]] came too late and were too small and fled far north, where Elrond etablished the stronghold of [[Rivendell|Imladris]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> While Sauron sent most of his army west to attack [[Lindon]] he had to leave a strong detachment behind to contain Elrond.<ref name=UTC>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

The war lasted on, until a great fleet of the [[Númenóreans]] arrived at Lindon. With united forces, Sauron's army was driven back and defeated near [[Sarnford]] and withdrew to [[Tharbad]] were he was reinforced. But the Númenórean's Admiral [[Tar-Minastir]] had send a fleet up river Gwathló and Sauron's army was [[Battle of the Gwathló|attacked in the rear and utterly defeated]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> After this war, the Elves were not further troubled by Sauron for a long time. During this time, Gil-galad passed the rings Narya and Vilya to Círdan and Elrond, whom appointed his vice-regent.<ref name="Galadriel"/>.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his sons came to Middle-earth and founded the realms of [[Gondor]] in the south and [[Arnor]] in the north. Gondor was soon attacked by Sauron and Elendil's son [[Isildur]] had to flee, and sailed north to his father, where the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] was formed with Gil-galad.

It took several years for the Allies to gather their forces but ultimately they marched on Mordor and defeated a great army in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]]. They broke through [[Cirith Gorgor]] and besieged [[Sauron]]'s [[Dark Tower]].

When the siege had lasted seven years, it became so pressing that Sauron himself sallied forth. By his power the siege was broken and his army advanced to the slopes of [[Orodruin]]. There he was engaged by Elendil and Gil-galad in single combat. Sauron was defeated but both Gil-galad and Elendil were killed in the act. Gil-galad was the last High King of Noldor. In the scroll he left in Minas Tirith before riding north, Isildur wrote that Gil-galad was killed by the heat of Sauron's hand.<ref>{{FR|Council}}p.246</ref>

Gil-galad's weapon was the spear [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]].

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==

Gil-galad was originally, and briefly, conceived as a descendant of [[Fëanor]].

Later, and through the writing of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', he was considered a son of [[Finrod Felagund]], until Tolkien decided that Felagund was unmarried and childless.

A marginal note by Tolkien from around this time (the late 1950s) suggested that Gil-galad might be the son of [[Fingon]]. This suggestion was taken up by Tolkien's son and literary executor [[Christopher Tolkien]] in the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', which states that Gil-galad is the son of [[Fingon]]. This parentage is also mentioned in ''[[Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife]]''. [[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher]] later stated in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' that this decision to make Gil-galad a son of Fingon was an editorial mistake on his part, and did not represent his father's conception of the character. He suggested that it would have been better to have left Gil-galad's parentage obscure.

Tolkien's final decision for Gil-galad's parentage appears to have been that he was a son of [[Orodreth]], who was at the same time changed from being a son of [[Finarfin]] to a son of [[Angrod]].<ref>The Shibboleth of Fëanor (History of Middle Earth vol.XII)</ref> This conception, however, was never incorporated into the written stories of ''The Silmarillion'', and aspects of it — notably the downgrading of Orodreth into a son of Angrod — would have required considerable reworking of the existing text.

== Etymology ==

''Gil-galad'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, meaning "Star of bright light". The name consists of the elements ''[[gil]]'' ("star") + ''[[galad]]'' ("radiance")<ref name=RGEO>{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 73</ref>. According to a note this name was given to him because of the brightness of his eyes <ref name="Ruin"/>.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Gil-galad.jpg|thumb|[[Mark Ferguson]] as Gil-galad in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]
''Gil-galad ''was his [[Amilessë|mother-name]], and it was his preferred name in his youth. His [[father-name]] was '''''Rodnor''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈrodnor]}}), or in [[Quenya]], '''''Artanáro''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌartaˈnaːro]}}).

As High King of the Noldor, his [[epessë]] was '''''Ereinion''''', "Scion of Kings" (from ''[[erain]]'' = "kings" and ''[[ion]]'' = "son").

== Revised genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ARF |y| EAR | | | | | | |ARF=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | FIN | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |FIN=[[Finrod]]|ANG=[[Angrod]]|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | | | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | GIL | | | | FIN | | | | | | | |GIL='''GIL-GALAD'''|FIN=[[Finduilas]] }}
{{familytree/end}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=noldor
| house=[[Fingolfin|House of Fingolfin]]
| born=c. {{FA|450}}
| died={{SA|3441}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=
| prev=[[Turgon]]
| list=6th [[High King of the Noldor]]
| dates={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| next=Abandoned
| nvac=None
| nrow=
}}
{{seq-end}}

== Portrayals in adaptations==
'''2001''': ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:In the prologue, Gil-galad can be seen holding one of the three Elven rings. Later, he is seen wielding his spear Aeglos in the Battle of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. His death is not shown, and he does not take down Sauron. He is played by [[Mark Ferguson]].

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Gil-galad|Images of Gil-galad]].
{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:amilessi]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[de:Gil-galad]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:gil-galad]]
[[fi:Gil-galad]]

Pipe-weed

2014-06-04T20:16:16Z

Shadrak: /* History */

[[Image:John Howe - Hobbit pipe.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Hobbit pipe'']]
'''Pipe-weed''' (also known as Halflings' Leaf or simply Leaf) was a plant developed by the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]].
==History==
Apparently the plant grew in [[Númenor]] and was brought to [[Middle-earth]] by [[Númenóreans]] during the [[Second Age]]. Among the [[Dúnedain]] it was known as '''''sweet galenas''''',<ref name="healing">{{RK|V8}}</ref> and in [[Gondor]] it grew as a wild herb, appreciated primarily for its fragrant blossoms. Among the [[Gondorians]] it was known popularly as '''''westmansweed''''',<ref name="healing"/> a reference to its origin.

It was not until the [[Third Age]], in the [[Shire]] where it was first domesticated, by [[Tobold Hornblower]] of [[Longbottom]] in [[Southfarthing]] around {{SR|1070}}. Despite its foreign origins, the Hobbits (possibly those in [[Bree]]) were the first to use it for smoking. From Bree the habit of smoking pipe-weed spread to other regions, as well as to other races, such as Men, Dwarves and Wizards.<ref name="pipeweed">{{FR|Pipeweed}}</ref>

The cultivation and exportation of this herb became a key industry in the Shire, especially in the south. Popular varieties of pipe-weed included [[Longbottom Leaf]], [[Old Toby]], and [[Southern Star]].<ref name="pipeweed"/>

The [[Istar|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] learned to smoke pipe-weed from the Hobbits and was often seen blowing smoke-rings.<ref name="pipeweed"/> [[Saruman]] initially derided him for this, but at some point he took up smoking himself. After the destruction of [[Isengard]], pipe-weed was found among its stores, but the Hobbits [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] failed to realize the [[Scouring of the Shire|sinister implications]] of the discovery that Saruman had had commerce with the Shire.

After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] authored ''[[Herblore of the Shire]]'' discussing the origins and history of the Hobbits' 'art' of [[smoking]] Pipe-weed.<ref name="pipeweed"/>

==Inspiration==
In the prologue to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Tolkien stated specifically that "it is a strain of the herb ''nicotiana''",<ref name="pipeweed"/> i.e. tobacco. Whether the substance is psychoactive remains unclear.

==Etymology==

The common Gondorian name of pipe-weed was '''Westmansweed'''.{{fact}} The more noble name was '''''galenas''''' (a [[Gondor Sindarin]] form of of the proper [[Sindarin]] form ''galanes''), meaning "pipeweed" (or "sweet smelling growth"{{fact}}).<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 100</ref>

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
[[Image:Item-Sweet Galenas.jpg|thumb]]
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The smoke from Sweet Galenas takes the form of a sailing ship that floats out from the pipe.

{{references}}
[[Category:Pipe-weed| ]]
[[de:Pfeifenkraut]]
[[fr:essais/divers/herbe_a_pipe]]
[[fi:Piippukessu]]

Pipe-weed

2014-06-04T20:15:30Z

Shadrak: /* History */

[[Image:John Howe - Hobbit pipe.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Hobbit pipe'']]
'''Pipe-weed''' (also known as Halflings' Leaf or simply Leaf) was a plant developed by the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]].
==History==
Apparently the plant grew in [[Númenor]] and was brought to [[Middle-earth]] by [[Númenóreans]] during the [[Second Age]]. Among the [[Dúnedain]] it was known as '''''sweet galenas''''',<ref name="healing">{{RK|V8}}</ref> and in [[Gondor]] it grew as a wild herb, appreciated primarily for its fragrant blossoms. Among the [[Gondorians]] it was known popularly as '''''westmansweed''''',<ref name="healing"/> a reference to its origin.

It was not until the [[Third Age]], in the [[Shire]] where it was first domesticated, by [[Tobold Hornblower]] of [[Longbottom]] in [[Southfarthing]] around {{SR|1070}}. Despite its foreign origins, the Hobbits (possibly those in [[Bree]]) were the first to use it for smoking. According to Merry's account, from Bree the habit of smoking pipe-weed spread to other regions, as well as to other races, such as Men, Dwarves and Wizards.<ref name="pipeweed">{{FR|Pipeweed}}</ref>

The cultivation and exportation of this herb became a key industry in the Shire, especially in the south. Popular varieties of pipe-weed included [[Longbottom Leaf]], [[Old Toby]], and [[Southern Star]].<ref name="pipeweed"/>

The [[Istar|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] learned to smoke pipe-weed from the Hobbits and was often seen blowing smoke-rings.<ref name="pipeweed"/> [[Saruman]] initially derided him for this, but at some point he took up smoking himself. After the destruction of [[Isengard]], pipe-weed was found among its stores, but the Hobbits [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] failed to realize the [[Scouring of the Shire|sinister implications]] of the discovery that Saruman had had commerce with the Shire.

After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] authored ''[[Herblore of the Shire]]'' discussing the origins and history of the Hobbits' 'art' of [[smoking]] Pipe-weed.<ref name="pipeweed"/>

==Inspiration==
In the prologue to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Tolkien stated specifically that "it is a strain of the herb ''nicotiana''",<ref name="pipeweed"/> i.e. tobacco. Whether the substance is psychoactive remains unclear.

==Etymology==

The common Gondorian name of pipe-weed was '''Westmansweed'''.{{fact}} The more noble name was '''''galenas''''' (a [[Gondor Sindarin]] form of of the proper [[Sindarin]] form ''galanes''), meaning "pipeweed" (or "sweet smelling growth"{{fact}}).<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 100</ref>

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
[[Image:Item-Sweet Galenas.jpg|thumb]]
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The smoke from Sweet Galenas takes the form of a sailing ship that floats out from the pipe.

{{references}}
[[Category:Pipe-weed| ]]
[[de:Pfeifenkraut]]
[[fr:essais/divers/herbe_a_pipe]]
[[fi:Piippukessu]]

Isengrim Took II

2014-06-04T20:09:11Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{disambig-more|Isengrim|[[Isengrim (disambiguation)]]}}
{{hobbit infobox
| image=
| name=Isengrim Took II
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[Great Smials]], [[Tuckborough]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1020}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{SR|1083}} - {{SR|1122|n}} (39 years)
| death={{SR|1122}}
| deathlocation=
| age=102
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Isumbras Took III]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Isengrim Took II''' was the twenty-second [[Thain|Thain of the Shire]].

==History==
Isengrim II became Thain in {{TA|2683}} and begun to excavate the [[Great Smials]] in [[Green Hill Country]], which would be the Thain's seat for generations to come.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>

During his service the Shire-reform was established in the [[Shire-reckoning]], after which every year of the Shire Calendar would always begin in [[Sterday]].<ref>{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

During this period also [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] reckoned that [[pipe-weed]] was first cultivated in the [[Southfarthing]] by [[Tobold Hornblower]] <ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref>

Thainship passed on to his son, [[Isumbras Took III|Isumbras III]].<ref>{{App|Took}}</ref>

==Etymology==
"Isengrim" is of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] origin and comes from ''isen'' meaning "iron" and ''grim'' meaning "fierce".

It is likely Isengrim is named after an earlier [[Isengrim (disambiguation)|Isengrim]], but it is notable that "Isengrim" is the name of a wolf who appears in many medieval epics, including the story of [[Wikipedia:Reynard the Fox|Reynard the Fox]] which originated in French folklore.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 760</ref>

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=hobbit
| house=[[Took Family]]
| born={{SR|1020}}
| died={{SR|1122}}
}}
{{seq
| pvac=Unknown
| prev=Last known: [[Isumbras Took I]]
| list=22nd [[Thain]] of [[The Shire]]
| dates={{SR|1083}} - {{SR|1122|n}}
| next=[[Isumbras Took III]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Took]][[Category:Thains]]
[[de:Isegrim Tuk II.]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/touque/isengrim_ii]]
[[fi:Isengrim II Tuk]]

Finrod

2014-06-04T19:23:07Z

Shadrak: Undo revision 247355 by Shadrak (talk)

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Anna Lee - Finrod.jpg|250px]]
| name=Finrod Felagund
| pronun=
| othernames=''Findaráto''/''Artafinde'' ([[Telerin|T]]/[[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) ''[[Ingoldo]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) [[Nóm]] or Nómin
| titles=Lord/King of [[Nargothrond]]
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Nargothrond]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Telerin]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Taliska]]
| birth=After [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]] [[Years of the Trees 1280|1280]]
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{FA|52}} - [[First Age 465|465]]
| death={{FA|465}}
| deathlocation=[[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] & [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]
| spouse=Lover of [[Amarië]]
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}{{Pronounce|Finrod Felagund.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Finrod''' was an Elven king of the [[Noldor]], eldest son of [[Finarfin]], brother to [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]. Finrod was like his father in his fair face and golden hair, and also in his noble and generous heart.

In [[Beleriand]] Finrod became the ruler of [[Nargothrond]]. He was a wise, just and powerful Elf, and a great traveller.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 144</ref>
== History ==
Finrod was born in [[Eldamar]]. He was friend with [[Turgon]] son of [[Fingolfin]], and his beloved was [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]].

Finrod was among those who opposed [[Fëanor]] and the oath. However when the Noldor were set to depart from [[Aman]], he also joined them, for he would not be sundered from his friends and his people who were eager to go.
=== The Return of the Noldor ===
Finrod along with his father led the rear of the host along with many of the noblest and wisest of the Noldor; and often they looked behind them to see their fair city, especially Finrod for he had to leave Amarië behind.

Finrod and his people did not participate in the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. While they were travelling up the coast of [[Araman]], the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Mandos]] appeared and pronounced the [[Doom of the Noldor]], and in that hour Finarfin forsook the march and returned to [[Valinor]] with many of his people. But Finrod and his siblings went forward still and led their people on the long and perilous march to [[Middle-earth]].

=== Life in Beleriand ===
After their victory in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], the Noldor started building their numerous realms. Finrod established the tower of [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]] on the island of [[Tol Sirion]]. Once while journeying southward along the river [[Sirion]], Finrod and his friend [[Turgon]] encamped upon its banks. And [[Ulmo]] coming up the river laid a deep sleep upon them and heavy dreams; and it seemed to each that he was bidden to prepare for a day of evil, and to establish a retreat, lest [[Morgoth]] should burst from [[Angband]] and overthrow the armies of the North.

Now on a time Finrod and his sister [[Galadriel]] were guests of King [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] their kinsman in [[Doriath]]. There Finrod told Thingol of his admiration for the halls of [[Menegroth]]; and Thingol spoke to him of the deep gorge of the river [[Narog]]. Thingol told him about the caves under the [[High Faroth]] in its deep western shore. Thus Finrod came to the [[Caverns of Narog]] and established there deep halls and armouries; and that stronghold was called [[Nargothrond]]. In this he was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]], and Finrod rewarded them with many jewels from Valinor. And in that time was made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves. After Nargothrond was made Finrod committed Minas Tirith to the keeping of [[Orodreth]] his nephew.

=== Encounter with Men ===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Felagund Among Bëor’s Men.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Felagund Among Bëor’s Men'']]
When three hundred years and more had passed since the Noldor came to Beleriand, Finrod Felagund lord of Nargothrond journeyed east of Sirion and went hunting with [[Maglor]] and [[Maedhros]] sons of Feanor. But he wearied of the hunt and passed on alone towards the mountains of [[Ered Lindon]]. There in the lands of [[Thargelion]] in [[East Beleriand]] Finrod was first of the Noldor to come across [[Men]]. These were the kindred and followers of [[Bëor]] [[The Old]]. He went among them while they were sleeping and picking up a harp which Bëor had laid aside played music upon it such as the ears of men had not heard. When the men awoke and listened to his song, each thought that he was in some fair dream. He long stayed with them, learning [[Taliska|their language]] and teaching them [[Sindarin]]. He also intervened on behalf of the [[Laiquendi]] of [[Ossiriand]], who feared Men would destroy their home, and he got permission of [[Thingol]], who held rule over all [[Beleriand]], to guide the Men to [[Estolad]].

Finrod had a close friendship with [[Andreth]] of the [[House of Bëor]], whom he often visited during the [[Siege of Angband]] to converse with her on the matters of Elves and Men. One such conversation was written down and later known as ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]''.

Finrod participated at the [[Dagor Bragollach]] fighting in the [[Fen of Serech]] when he was surrounded by [[Orcs]]. It was [[Barahir]] of the [[House of Bëor]] who saved his life, and Finrod swore an oath of abiding friendship and aid in every need to Barahir and all his kin. As a token he gave Barahir his ring, which became known as the [[Ring of Barahir]].

=== Quest for the Silmaril ===
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Beren before Felagund.jpeg|thumb|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Beren before Felagund'']]
When, ten years later, Barahir's son [[Beren]] came to Nargothrond seeking help, Finrod went with him on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]] to repay his debt. [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], who were living in Nargothrond at the time, persuaded (using barely veiled threats related to their [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]]) most of Nargothrond to stay behind; only ten warriors, headed by one [[Edrahil]], were faithful and came with them. Beneath the [[Shadowy Mountains]] they came upon a company of [[Orcs]], and slew them all in their camp. They took their gear and weapons and by the magic of Finrod their own forms and faces were changed to the likeness of Orcs. Thus disguised they came far upon their northward road between [[Ered Wethrin]] and the highlands of [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]. However the twelve were captured and imprisoned by [[Sauron]] on [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] ("Isle of Werewolves"). Thus befell the contest of Finrod and Sauron. Finrod strove with Sauron in songs of power, and the power of the Elven King was very great but in the end Sauron had the mastery. It is told in the [[Lay of Leithian]]:

<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
He chanted a song of wizardry,
Of piercing, opening, of treachery,
Revealing, uncovering, betraying.
Then sudden Felagund there swaying
sang in answer a song of staying,
Resisting, battling against power,
Of secrets kept, strength like a tower,
And trust unbroken, freedom, escape;
Of changing and of shifting shape,
Of snares eluded, broken traps,
The prison opening, the chain that snaps,
Backwards and forwards swayed their song.
Reeling and foundering, as ever more strong
The chanting swelled, Felagund fought,
And all the magic and might he brought,
Of Elvenesse into his words.
Softly in the gloom they heard the birds
Singing afar in Nargothrond,
The sighing of the sea beyond,
Beyond the western world, on sand,
On sand of pearls in Elvenland.
Then the gloom gathered; darkness growing
In Valinor, the red blood flowing
Beside the sea, where the Noldor slew
The Foamriders, and stealing drew
Their white ships with their white sails
From lamplit havens. The wind wails,
The wolf howls. The ravens flee.
The ice mutters in the mouths of the sea.
The captives sad in Angband mourn,
Thunder rumbles, the fires burn-
And Finrod fell before the throne.
</poem>

[[File:Anke Eißmann - Death of Finrod Felagund.jpeg|thumb|left|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Death of Finrod Felagund'']]
Then Sauron stripped from them their disguise, but though their kinds were revealed, he could not discover their names or their purposes. Then Sauron imprisoned them and one by one they were killed by werewolves until only Beren and Felagund were left, but none of the companions betrayed them. And when the werewolf came to kill Beren, Felagund put forth all his power and burst his bonds; and he wrestled with the werewolf, and slew it with his hands and teeth. Yet he himself was wounded to the death, and he died in the dark, in Tol-in-Gaurhoth, whose great tower he himself had built. Thus King Finrod Felagund, the fairest and most beloved of the house of [[Finwë]], redeemed his oath.

=== Reincarnation ===
[[File:Donato Giancola - Lore.jpeg|thumb|An Elf loremaster ponders at a mural of Finrod leading his House in battle]]
Because of Finrod's noble actions in life, and his reluctance to journey to Middle-earth, he was reincarnated after only a short time. He and [[Glorfindel]] were the only elves who were known to have been reincarnated before the [[War of Wrath]]. It is noted in the ''Lay of Leithian'' that Finrod was soon allowed to return to life in Valinor, and "now dwells with Amarië", so they probably were wed later. It is also noted in [[The Silmarillion]] that "''Finrod walks with Finarfin his father beneath the trees in [[Eldamar]]''".

== Etymology ==
The name Finrod is the Sindarin form of his [[father-name]] ''Findaráto'' ("[Golden-]Haired Champion"). His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingoldo]]'' ("The Noldo", singular for [[Noldor]]) or the name can also mean 'one-eminent of the kindred' which is in simpler words 'the wise.'

'''''Felagund''''' was an [[epessë]] given to him by the [[Dwarves]] that expanded the caves of Nargothrond, and meant "Hewer of Caves". It is not Sindarin, but rather Sindarized [[Khuzdul]], from ''[[Felakgundu]]''.

Finrod was also called ''[[Nóm]]'' ("Wisdom") by [[Bëor]] and his [[House of Bëor|people]]. His other titles include "Master of Caves" (by the Dwarves), "King of Nargothrond", "Lord of Nargothrond", and "[[Friend-of-Men]]" which in elvish was ''[[Edennil]]'' and ''[[Atandil]]'', [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]] respectively.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | FIN |y| EAR | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |FRD='''FINROD'''|ANG=[[Angrod]]|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | | | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | GIL | | | | | | | | | | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In earlier versions of the Middle-earth myths (see: [[The History of Middle-earth]]), and in the first edition of [[The Lord of the Rings]], the name '''Finrod''' was given to the character later known as Finarfin. Finrod Felagund was then named '''[[Inglor Felagund]]'''. Because of that, some people speculate that Gildor Inglorion was Finrod's son, but there is much evidence to the contrary (see: [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]]).

In the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Orodreth is Finrod's brother: this was an editorial decision by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and an admitted mistake. Orodreth was actually the son of Angrod and thus Finrod's nephew.

{{references}}
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]''
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''
* ''[[The Lays of Beleriand]]''

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Finrod|Images of Finrod]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:House of Olwë]]
[[de:Finrod]]
[[fi:Finrod]]

Finrod

2014-06-04T19:22:45Z

Shadrak: Undo revision 247354 by Shadrak (talk)

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Anna Lee - Finrod.jpg|250px]]
| name=Finrod Felagund
| pronun=
| othernames=''Findaráto''/''Artafinde'' ([[Telerin|T]]/[[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) ''[[Ingoldo]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) [[Nóm]] or Nómin
| titles=Lord/King of [[Nargothrond]]
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Nargothrond]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Telerin]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Taliska]]
| birth=After [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]] [[Years of the Trees 1280|1280]]
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{FA|52}} - [[First Age 465|465]]
| death={{FA|465}}
| deathlocation=[[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] & [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]
| spouse=Lover of [[Amarië]]
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}{{Pronounce|Finrod Felagund.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Finrod''' was an Elven king of the [[Noldor]], eldest son of [[Finarfin]], brother to [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]. Finrod was like his father in his fair face and golden hair, and also in his noble and generous heart.

In [[Beleriand]] Finrod became the ruler of [[Nargothrond]]. He was a wise, just and powerful Elf, and a great traveller.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 144</ref>
== History ==
Finrod was born in [[Eldamar]]. He was friend with [[Turgon]] son of [[Fingolfin]], and his beloved was [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]].

Finrod was among those who opposed [[Fëanor]] and the oath. However when the Noldor were set to depart from [[Aman]], he also joined them, for he would not be sundered from his friends and his people who were eager to go.
=== The Return of the Noldor ===
Finrod along with his father led the rear of the host along with many of the noblest and wisest of the Noldor; and often they looked behind them to see their fair city, especially Finrod for he had to leave Amarië behind.

Finrod and his people did not participate in the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. While they were travelling up the coast of [[Araman]], the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Mandos]] appeared and pronounced the [[Doom of the Noldor]], and in that hour Finarfin forsook the march and returned to [[Valinor]] with many of his people. But Finrod and his siblings went forward still and led their people on the long and perilous march to [[Middle-earth]].

=== Life in Beleriand ===
After their victory in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], the Noldor started building their numerous realms. Finrod established the tower of [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]] on the island of [[Tol Sirion]]. Once while journeying southward along the river [[Sirion]], Finrod and his friend [[Turgon]] encamped upon its banks. And [[Ulmo]] coming up the river laid a deep sleep upon them and heavy dreams; and it seemed to each that he was bidden to prepare for a day of evil, and to establish a retreat, lest [[Morgoth]] should burst from [[Angband]] and overthrow the armies of the North.

Now on a time Finrod and his sister [[Galadriel]] were guests of King [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] their kinsman in [[Doriath]]. There Finrod told Thingol of his admiration for the halls of [[Menegroth]]; and Thingol spoke to him of the deep gorge of the river [[Narog]]. Thingol told him about the caves under the [[High Faroth]] in its deep western shore. Thus Finrod came to the [[Caverns of Narog]] and established there deep halls and armouries; and that stronghold was called [[Nargothrond]]. In this he was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]], and Finrod rewarded them with many jewels from Valinor. And in that time was made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves. After Nargothrond was made Finrod committed Minas Tirith to the keeping of [[Orodreth]] his nephew.

=== Encounter with Men ===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Felagund Among Bëor’s Men.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Felagund Among Bëor’s Men'']]
When three hundred years and more had passed since the Noldor came to Beleriand, Finrod Felagund lord of Nargothrond journeyed east of Sirion and went hunting with [[Maglor]] and [[Maedhros]] sons of Feanor. But he wearied of the hunt and passed on alone towards the mountains of [[Ered Lindon]]. There in the lands of [[Thargelion]] in [[East Beleriand]] Finrod was first of the Noldor to come across [[Men]]. These were the kindred and followers of [[Bëor]] [[The Old]]. He went among them while they were sleeping and picking up a harp which Bëor had laid aside played music upon it such as the ears of men had not heard. When the men awoke and listened to his song, each thought that he was in some fair dream. He long stayed with them, learning [[Taliska|their language]] and teaching them [[Sindarin]]. He also intervened on behalf of the [[Laiquendi]] of [[Ossiriand]], who feared Men would destroy their home, and he got permission of [[Thingol]], who held rule over all [[Beleriand]], to guide the Men to [[Estolad]].

Finrod had a close friendship with [[Andreth]] of the [[House of Bëor]], whom he often visited during the [[Siege of Angband]] to converse with her on the matters of Elves and Men. One such conversation was written down and later known as ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]''.

Finrod participated at the [[Dagor Bragollach]] fighting in the [[Fen of Serech]] when he was surrounded by [[Orcs]]. It was [[Barahir]] of the [[House of Bëor]] who saved his life, and Finrod swore an oath of abiding friendship and aid in every need to Barahir and all his kin. As a token he gave Barahir his ring, which became known as the [[Ring of Barahir]].

=== Quest for the Silmaril ===
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Beren before Felagund.jpeg|thumb|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Beren before Felagund'']]
When, ten years later, Barahir's son [[Beren]] came to Nargothrond seeking help, Finrod went with him on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]] to repay his debt. [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], who were living in Nargothrond at the time, persuaded (using barely veiled threats related to their [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]]) most of Nargothrond to stay behind; only ten warriors, headed by one [[Edrahil]], were faithful and came with them. Beneath the [[Shadowy Mountains]] they came upon a company of [[Orcs]], and slew them all in their camp. They took their gear and weapons and by the magic of Finrod their own forms and faces were changed to the likeness of Orcs. Thus disguised they came far upon their northward road between [[Ered Wethrin]] and the highlands of [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]. However the twelve were captured and imprisoned by [[Sauron]] on [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] ("Isle of Werewolves"). Thus befell the contest of Finrod and Sauron. Finrod strove with Sauron in songs of power, and the power of the Elven King was very great but in the end Sauron had the mastery. It is told in the [[Lay of Leithian]]:

<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
He chanted a song of wizardry,
Of piercing, opening, of treachery,
Revealing, uncovering, betraying.
Then sudden Felagund there swaying
sang in answer a song of staying,
Resisting, battling against power,
Of secrets kept, strength like a tower,
And trust unbroken, freedom, escape;
Of changing and of shifting shape,
Of snares eluded, broken traps,
The prison opening, the chain that snaps,
Backwards and forwards swayed their song.
Reeling and foundering, as ever more strong
The chanting swelled, Felagund fought,
And all the magic and might he brought,
Of Elvenesse into his words.
Softly in the gloom they heard the birds
Singing afar in Nargothrond,
The sighing of the sea beyond,
Beyond the western world, on sand,
On sand of pearls in Elvenland.
Then the gloom gathered; darkness growing
In Valinor, the red blood flowing
Beside the sea, where the Noldor slew
The Foamriders, and stealing drew
Their white ships with their white sails
From lamplit havens. The wind wails,
The wolf howls. The ravens flee.
The ice mutters in the mouths of the sea.
The captives sad in Angband mourn,
Thunder rumbles, the fires burn-
And Finrod fell before the throne.
</poem>

[[File:Anke Eißmann - Death of Finrod Felagund.jpeg|thumb|left|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Death of Finrod Felagund'']]
Then Sauron stripped from them their disguise, but though their kinds were revealed, he could not discover their names or their purposes. Then Sauron imprisoned them and one by one they were killed by werewolves until only Beren and Felagund were left, but none of the companions betrayed them. And when the werewolf came to kill Beren, Felagund put forth all his power and burst his bonds; and he wrestled with the werewolf, and slew it with his hands and teeth. Yet he himself was wounded to the death, and he died in the dark, in Tol-in-Gaurhoth, whose great tower he himself had built. Thus King Finrod Felagund, the fairest and most beloved of the house of [[Finwë]], redeemed his oath.

=== Reincarnation ===
[[File:Donato Giancola - Lore.jpeg|thumb|An Elf loremaster ponders at a mural of Finrod leading his House in battle]]
Because of Finrod's noble actions in life, and his reluctance to journey to Middle-earth, he was reincarnated after only a short time. He and [[Glorfindel]] were the only elves who were known to have been reincarnated before the [[War of Wrath]]. It is noted in the ''Lay of Leithian'' that Finrod was soon allowed to return to life in Valinor, and "now dwells with Amarië", so they probably were wed later. It is also noted in [[The Silmarillion]] that "''Finrod walks with Finarfin his father beneath the trees in [[Eldamar]]''".

== Etymology ==
The name Finrod is the Sindarin form of his [[father-name]] ''Findaráto'' ("[Golden-]Haired Champion"). His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingoldo]]'' ("The Noldo", singular for [[Noldor]]) or the name can also mean 'one-eminent of the kindred' which is in simpler words 'the wise.'

'''''Felagund''''' was an [[epessë]] given to him by the [[Dwarves]] that expanded the caves of Nargothrond, and meant "Hewer of Caves". It is not Sindarin, but rather Sindarized [[Khuzdul]], from ''[[Felakgundu]]''.

Finrod was also called ''[[Nóm]]'' ("Wisdom") by [[Bëor]] and his [[House of Bëor|people]]. His other titles include "Master of Caves" (by the Dwarves), "King of Nargothrond", "Lord of Nargothrond", and "[[Friend-of-Men]]" which in elvish was ''[[Edennil]]'' and ''Atandil'', [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]] respectively.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | FIN |y| EAR | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |FRD='''FINROD'''|ANG=[[Angrod]]|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | | | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | GIL | | | | | | | | | | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In earlier versions of the Middle-earth myths (see: [[The History of Middle-earth]]), and in the first edition of [[The Lord of the Rings]], the name '''Finrod''' was given to the character later known as Finarfin. Finrod Felagund was then named '''[[Inglor Felagund]]'''. Because of that, some people speculate that Gildor Inglorion was Finrod's son, but there is much evidence to the contrary (see: [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]]).

In the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Orodreth is Finrod's brother: this was an editorial decision by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and an admitted mistake. Orodreth was actually the son of Angrod and thus Finrod's nephew.

{{references}}
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]''
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''
* ''[[The Lays of Beleriand]]''

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Finrod|Images of Finrod]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:House of Olwë]]
[[de:Finrod]]
[[fi:Finrod]]

Finrod

2014-06-04T19:13:36Z

Shadrak: /* Etymology */

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Anna Lee - Finrod.jpg|250px]]
| name=Finrod Felagund
| pronun=
| othernames=''Findaráto''/''Artafinde'' ([[Telerin|T]]/[[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) ''[[Ingoldo]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) [[Nóm]] or Nómin
| titles=Lord/King of [[Nargothrond]]
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Nargothrond]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Telerin]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Taliska]]
| birth=After [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]] [[Years of the Trees 1280|1280]]
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{FA|52}} - [[First Age 465|465]]
| death={{FA|465}}
| deathlocation=[[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] & [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]
| spouse=Lover of [[Amarië]]
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}{{Pronounce|Finrod Felagund.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Finrod''' was an Elven king of the [[Noldor]], eldest son of [[Finarfin]], brother to [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]. Finrod was like his father in his fair face and golden hair, and also in his noble and generous heart.

In [[Beleriand]] Finrod became the ruler of [[Nargothrond]]. He was a wise, just and powerful Elf, and a great traveller.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 144</ref>
== History ==
Finrod was born in [[Eldamar]]. He was friend with [[Turgon]] son of [[Fingolfin]], and his beloved was [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]].

Finrod was among those who opposed [[Fëanor]] and the oath. However when the Noldor were set to depart from [[Aman]], he also joined them, for he would not be sundered from his friends and his people who were eager to go.
=== The Return of the Noldor ===
Finrod along with his father led the rear of the host along with many of the noblest and wisest of the Noldor; and often they looked behind them to see their fair city, especially Finrod for he had to leave Amarië behind.

Finrod and his people did not participate in the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. While they were travelling up the coast of [[Araman]], the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Mandos]] appeared and pronounced the [[Doom of the Noldor]], and in that hour Finarfin forsook the march and returned to [[Valinor]] with many of his people. But Finrod and his siblings went forward still and led their people on the long and perilous march to [[Middle-earth]].

=== Life in Beleriand ===
After their victory in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], the Noldor started building their numerous realms. Finrod established the tower of [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]] on the island of [[Tol Sirion]]. Once while journeying southward along the river [[Sirion]], Finrod and his friend [[Turgon]] encamped upon its banks. And [[Ulmo]] coming up the river laid a deep sleep upon them and heavy dreams; and it seemed to each that he was bidden to prepare for a day of evil, and to establish a retreat, lest [[Morgoth]] should burst from [[Angband]] and overthrow the armies of the North.

Now on a time Finrod and his sister [[Galadriel]] were guests of King [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] their kinsman in [[Doriath]]. There Finrod told Thingol of his admiration for the halls of [[Menegroth]]; and Thingol spoke to him of the deep gorge of the river [[Narog]]. Thingol told him about the caves under the [[High Faroth]] in its deep western shore. Thus Finrod came to the [[Caverns of Narog]] and established there deep halls and armouries; and that stronghold was called [[Nargothrond]]. In this he was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]], and Finrod rewarded them with many jewels from Valinor. And in that time was made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves. After Nargothrond was made Finrod committed Minas Tirith to the keeping of [[Orodreth]] his nephew.

=== Encounter with Men ===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Felagund Among Bëor’s Men.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Felagund Among Bëor’s Men'']]
When three hundred years and more had passed since the Noldor came to Beleriand, Finrod Felagund lord of Nargothrond journeyed east of Sirion and went hunting with [[Maglor]] and [[Maedhros]] sons of Feanor. But he wearied of the hunt and passed on alone towards the mountains of [[Ered Lindon]]. There in the lands of [[Thargelion]] in [[East Beleriand]] Finrod was first of the Noldor to come across [[Men]]. These were the kindred and followers of [[Bëor]] [[The Old]]. He went among them while they were sleeping and picking up a harp which Bëor had laid aside played music upon it such as the ears of men had not heard. When the men awoke and listened to his song, each thought that he was in some fair dream. He long stayed with them, learning [[Taliska|their language]] and teaching them [[Sindarin]]. He also intervened on behalf of the [[Laiquendi]] of [[Ossiriand]], who feared Men would destroy their home, and he got permission of [[Thingol]], who held rule over all [[Beleriand]], to guide the Men to [[Estolad]].

Finrod had a close friendship with [[Andreth]] of the [[House of Bëor]], whom he often visited during the [[Siege of Angband]] to converse with her on the matters of Elves and Men. One such conversation was written down and later known as ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]''.

Finrod participated at the [[Dagor Bragollach]] fighting in the [[Fen of Serech]] when he was surrounded by [[Orcs]]. It was [[Barahir]] of the [[House of Bëor]] who saved his life, and Finrod swore an oath of abiding friendship and aid in every need to Barahir and all his kin. As a token he gave Barahir his ring, which became known as the [[Ring of Barahir]].

=== Quest for the Silmaril ===
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Beren before Felagund.jpeg|thumb|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Beren before Felagund'']]
When, ten years later, Barahir's son [[Beren]] came to Nargothrond seeking help, Finrod went with him on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]] to repay his debt. [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], who were living in Nargothrond at the time, persuaded (using barely veiled threats related to their [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]]) most of Nargothrond to stay behind; only ten warriors, headed by one [[Edrahil]], were faithful and came with them. Beneath the [[Shadowy Mountains]] they came upon a company of [[Orcs]], and slew them all in their camp. They took their gear and weapons and by the magic of Finrod their own forms and faces were changed to the likeness of Orcs. Thus disguised they came far upon their northward road between [[Ered Wethrin]] and the highlands of [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]. However the twelve were captured and imprisoned by [[Sauron]] on [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] ("Isle of Werewolves"). Thus befell the contest of Finrod and Sauron. Finrod strove with Sauron in songs of power, and the power of the Elven King was very great but in the end Sauron had the mastery. It is told in the [[Lay of Leithian]]:

<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
He chanted a song of wizardry,
Of piercing, opening, of treachery,
Revealing, uncovering, betraying.
Then sudden Felagund there swaying
sang in answer a song of staying,
Resisting, battling against power,
Of secrets kept, strength like a tower,
And trust unbroken, freedom, escape;
Of changing and of shifting shape,
Of snares eluded, broken traps,
The prison opening, the chain that snaps,
Backwards and forwards swayed their song.
Reeling and foundering, as ever more strong
The chanting swelled, Felagund fought,
And all the magic and might he brought,
Of Elvenesse into his words.
Softly in the gloom they heard the birds
Singing afar in Nargothrond,
The sighing of the sea beyond,
Beyond the western world, on sand,
On sand of pearls in Elvenland.
Then the gloom gathered; darkness growing
In Valinor, the red blood flowing
Beside the sea, where the Noldor slew
The Foamriders, and stealing drew
Their white ships with their white sails
From lamplit havens. The wind wails,
The wolf howls. The ravens flee.
The ice mutters in the mouths of the sea.
The captives sad in Angband mourn,
Thunder rumbles, the fires burn-
And Finrod fell before the throne.
</poem>

[[File:Anke Eißmann - Death of Finrod Felagund.jpeg|thumb|left|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Death of Finrod Felagund'']]
Then Sauron stripped from them their disguise, but though their kinds were revealed, he could not discover their names or their purposes. Then Sauron imprisoned them and one by one they were killed by werewolves until only Beren and Felagund were left, but none of the companions betrayed them. And when the werewolf came to kill Beren, Felagund put forth all his power and burst his bonds; and he wrestled with the werewolf, and slew it with his hands and teeth. Yet he himself was wounded to the death, and he died in the dark, in Tol-in-Gaurhoth, whose great tower he himself had built. Thus King Finrod Felagund, the fairest and most beloved of the house of [[Finwë]], redeemed his oath.

=== Reincarnation ===
[[File:Donato Giancola - Lore.jpeg|thumb|An Elf loremaster ponders at a mural of Finrod leading his House in battle]]
Because of Finrod's noble actions in life, and his reluctance to journey to Middle-earth, he was reincarnated after only a short time. He and [[Glorfindel]] were the only elves who were known to have been reincarnated before the [[War of Wrath]]. It is noted in the ''Lay of Leithian'' that Finrod was soon allowed to return to life in Valinor, and "now dwells with Amarië", so they probably were wed later. It is also noted in [[The Silmarillion]] that "''Finrod walks with Finarfin his father beneath the trees in [[Eldamar]]''".

== Etymology ==
The name Finrod is the Sindarin form of his [[father-name]] ''Findaráto'' ("[Golden-]Haired Champion"). His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingoldo]]'' ("The Noldo", singular for [[Noldor]]) or the name can also mean 'one-eminent of the kindred' which is in simpler words 'the wise.'

'''''Felagund''''' was an [[epessë]] given to him by the [[Dwarves]] that expanded the caves of Nargothrond, and meant "Hewer of Caves". It is not Sindarin, but rather Sindarized [[Khuzdul]], from ''Felakgundu''.

Finrod was also called ''[[Nóm]]'' ("Wisdom") by [[Bëor]] and his [[House of Bëor|people]]. His other titles include "Master of Caves" (by the Dwarves), "King of Nargothrond", "Lord of Nargothrond", and "[[Friend-of-Men]]" which in elvish was ''[[Edennil]]'' and ''Atandil'', [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]] respectively.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | FIN |y| EAR | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |FRD='''FINROD'''|ANG=[[Angrod]]|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | | | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | GIL | | | | | | | | | | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In earlier versions of the Middle-earth myths (see: [[The History of Middle-earth]]), and in the first edition of [[The Lord of the Rings]], the name '''Finrod''' was given to the character later known as Finarfin. Finrod Felagund was then named '''[[Inglor Felagund]]'''. Because of that, some people speculate that Gildor Inglorion was Finrod's son, but there is much evidence to the contrary (see: [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]]).

In the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Orodreth is Finrod's brother: this was an editorial decision by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and an admitted mistake. Orodreth was actually the son of Angrod and thus Finrod's nephew.

{{references}}
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]''
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''
* ''[[The Lays of Beleriand]]''

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Finrod|Images of Finrod]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:House of Olwë]]
[[de:Finrod]]
[[fi:Finrod]]

Finrod

2014-06-04T19:12:35Z

Shadrak: /* Etymology */

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Anna Lee - Finrod.jpg|250px]]
| name=Finrod Felagund
| pronun=
| othernames=''Findaráto''/''Artafinde'' ([[Telerin|T]]/[[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) ''[[Ingoldo]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) [[Nóm]] or Nómin
| titles=Lord/King of [[Nargothrond]]
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Nargothrond]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Telerin]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Taliska]]
| birth=After [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]] [[Years of the Trees 1280|1280]]
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{FA|52}} - [[First Age 465|465]]
| death={{FA|465}}
| deathlocation=[[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] & [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]
| spouse=Lover of [[Amarië]]
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}{{Pronounce|Finrod Felagund.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Finrod''' was an Elven king of the [[Noldor]], eldest son of [[Finarfin]], brother to [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]. Finrod was like his father in his fair face and golden hair, and also in his noble and generous heart.

In [[Beleriand]] Finrod became the ruler of [[Nargothrond]]. He was a wise, just and powerful Elf, and a great traveller.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 144</ref>
== History ==
Finrod was born in [[Eldamar]]. He was friend with [[Turgon]] son of [[Fingolfin]], and his beloved was [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]].

Finrod was among those who opposed [[Fëanor]] and the oath. However when the Noldor were set to depart from [[Aman]], he also joined them, for he would not be sundered from his friends and his people who were eager to go.
=== The Return of the Noldor ===
Finrod along with his father led the rear of the host along with many of the noblest and wisest of the Noldor; and often they looked behind them to see their fair city, especially Finrod for he had to leave Amarië behind.

Finrod and his people did not participate in the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. While they were travelling up the coast of [[Araman]], the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Mandos]] appeared and pronounced the [[Doom of the Noldor]], and in that hour Finarfin forsook the march and returned to [[Valinor]] with many of his people. But Finrod and his siblings went forward still and led their people on the long and perilous march to [[Middle-earth]].

=== Life in Beleriand ===
After their victory in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], the Noldor started building their numerous realms. Finrod established the tower of [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]] on the island of [[Tol Sirion]]. Once while journeying southward along the river [[Sirion]], Finrod and his friend [[Turgon]] encamped upon its banks. And [[Ulmo]] coming up the river laid a deep sleep upon them and heavy dreams; and it seemed to each that he was bidden to prepare for a day of evil, and to establish a retreat, lest [[Morgoth]] should burst from [[Angband]] and overthrow the armies of the North.

Now on a time Finrod and his sister [[Galadriel]] were guests of King [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] their kinsman in [[Doriath]]. There Finrod told Thingol of his admiration for the halls of [[Menegroth]]; and Thingol spoke to him of the deep gorge of the river [[Narog]]. Thingol told him about the caves under the [[High Faroth]] in its deep western shore. Thus Finrod came to the [[Caverns of Narog]] and established there deep halls and armouries; and that stronghold was called [[Nargothrond]]. In this he was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]], and Finrod rewarded them with many jewels from Valinor. And in that time was made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves. After Nargothrond was made Finrod committed Minas Tirith to the keeping of [[Orodreth]] his nephew.

=== Encounter with Men ===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Felagund Among Bëor’s Men.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Felagund Among Bëor’s Men'']]
When three hundred years and more had passed since the Noldor came to Beleriand, Finrod Felagund lord of Nargothrond journeyed east of Sirion and went hunting with [[Maglor]] and [[Maedhros]] sons of Feanor. But he wearied of the hunt and passed on alone towards the mountains of [[Ered Lindon]]. There in the lands of [[Thargelion]] in [[East Beleriand]] Finrod was first of the Noldor to come across [[Men]]. These were the kindred and followers of [[Bëor]] [[The Old]]. He went among them while they were sleeping and picking up a harp which Bëor had laid aside played music upon it such as the ears of men had not heard. When the men awoke and listened to his song, each thought that he was in some fair dream. He long stayed with them, learning [[Taliska|their language]] and teaching them [[Sindarin]]. He also intervened on behalf of the [[Laiquendi]] of [[Ossiriand]], who feared Men would destroy their home, and he got permission of [[Thingol]], who held rule over all [[Beleriand]], to guide the Men to [[Estolad]].

Finrod had a close friendship with [[Andreth]] of the [[House of Bëor]], whom he often visited during the [[Siege of Angband]] to converse with her on the matters of Elves and Men. One such conversation was written down and later known as ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]''.

Finrod participated at the [[Dagor Bragollach]] fighting in the [[Fen of Serech]] when he was surrounded by [[Orcs]]. It was [[Barahir]] of the [[House of Bëor]] who saved his life, and Finrod swore an oath of abiding friendship and aid in every need to Barahir and all his kin. As a token he gave Barahir his ring, which became known as the [[Ring of Barahir]].

=== Quest for the Silmaril ===
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Beren before Felagund.jpeg|thumb|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Beren before Felagund'']]
When, ten years later, Barahir's son [[Beren]] came to Nargothrond seeking help, Finrod went with him on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]] to repay his debt. [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], who were living in Nargothrond at the time, persuaded (using barely veiled threats related to their [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]]) most of Nargothrond to stay behind; only ten warriors, headed by one [[Edrahil]], were faithful and came with them. Beneath the [[Shadowy Mountains]] they came upon a company of [[Orcs]], and slew them all in their camp. They took their gear and weapons and by the magic of Finrod their own forms and faces were changed to the likeness of Orcs. Thus disguised they came far upon their northward road between [[Ered Wethrin]] and the highlands of [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]. However the twelve were captured and imprisoned by [[Sauron]] on [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] ("Isle of Werewolves"). Thus befell the contest of Finrod and Sauron. Finrod strove with Sauron in songs of power, and the power of the Elven King was very great but in the end Sauron had the mastery. It is told in the [[Lay of Leithian]]:

<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
He chanted a song of wizardry,
Of piercing, opening, of treachery,
Revealing, uncovering, betraying.
Then sudden Felagund there swaying
sang in answer a song of staying,
Resisting, battling against power,
Of secrets kept, strength like a tower,
And trust unbroken, freedom, escape;
Of changing and of shifting shape,
Of snares eluded, broken traps,
The prison opening, the chain that snaps,
Backwards and forwards swayed their song.
Reeling and foundering, as ever more strong
The chanting swelled, Felagund fought,
And all the magic and might he brought,
Of Elvenesse into his words.
Softly in the gloom they heard the birds
Singing afar in Nargothrond,
The sighing of the sea beyond,
Beyond the western world, on sand,
On sand of pearls in Elvenland.
Then the gloom gathered; darkness growing
In Valinor, the red blood flowing
Beside the sea, where the Noldor slew
The Foamriders, and stealing drew
Their white ships with their white sails
From lamplit havens. The wind wails,
The wolf howls. The ravens flee.
The ice mutters in the mouths of the sea.
The captives sad in Angband mourn,
Thunder rumbles, the fires burn-
And Finrod fell before the throne.
</poem>

[[File:Anke Eißmann - Death of Finrod Felagund.jpeg|thumb|left|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Death of Finrod Felagund'']]
Then Sauron stripped from them their disguise, but though their kinds were revealed, he could not discover their names or their purposes. Then Sauron imprisoned them and one by one they were killed by werewolves until only Beren and Felagund were left, but none of the companions betrayed them. And when the werewolf came to kill Beren, Felagund put forth all his power and burst his bonds; and he wrestled with the werewolf, and slew it with his hands and teeth. Yet he himself was wounded to the death, and he died in the dark, in Tol-in-Gaurhoth, whose great tower he himself had built. Thus King Finrod Felagund, the fairest and most beloved of the house of [[Finwë]], redeemed his oath.

=== Reincarnation ===
[[File:Donato Giancola - Lore.jpeg|thumb|An Elf loremaster ponders at a mural of Finrod leading his House in battle]]
Because of Finrod's noble actions in life, and his reluctance to journey to Middle-earth, he was reincarnated after only a short time. He and [[Glorfindel]] were the only elves who were known to have been reincarnated before the [[War of Wrath]]. It is noted in the ''Lay of Leithian'' that Finrod was soon allowed to return to life in Valinor, and "now dwells with Amarië", so they probably were wed later. It is also noted in [[The Silmarillion]] that "''Finrod walks with Finarfin his father beneath the trees in [[Eldamar]]''".

== Etymology ==
The name Finrod is the Sindarin form of his [[father-name]] ''Findaráto'' ("[Golden-]Haired Champion"). His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingoldo]]'' ("The Noldo", singular for [[Noldor]]) or the name can also mean 'one-eminent of the kindred' which is in simpler words 'the wise.'

'''''Felagund''''' was an [[epessë]] given to him by the [[Dwarves]] that expanded the caves of Nargothrond, and meant "Hewer of Caves". It is not Sindarin, but rather Sindarized [[Khuzdul]], from ''Felakgundu''.

Finrod was also called ''[[Nóm]]'' ("Wisdom") by [[Bëor]] and his [[House of Bëor|people]]. His other titles include "Master of Caves" (by the Dwarves), "King of Nargothrond", "Lord of Nargothrond", and "[[Friend-of-Men]]" which in elvish was ''[[Edennil]]'' and ''[[Atandil]]'', [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]] respectively.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | FIN |y| EAR | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finarfin]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |FRD='''FINROD'''|ANG=[[Angrod]]|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | | | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | GIL | | | | | | | | | | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In earlier versions of the Middle-earth myths (see: [[The History of Middle-earth]]), and in the first edition of [[The Lord of the Rings]], the name '''Finrod''' was given to the character later known as Finarfin. Finrod Felagund was then named '''[[Inglor Felagund]]'''. Because of that, some people speculate that Gildor Inglorion was Finrod's son, but there is much evidence to the contrary (see: [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]]).

In the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Orodreth is Finrod's brother: this was an editorial decision by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and an admitted mistake. Orodreth was actually the son of Angrod and thus Finrod's nephew.

{{references}}
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]''
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''
* ''[[The Lays of Beleriand]]''

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Finrod|Images of Finrod]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:House of Olwë]]
[[de:Finrod]]
[[fi:Finrod]]

Gildor

2014-06-04T19:08:48Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{disambig-two|the [[Noldor]]in Elf|member of [[Barahir's Outlaw Band]]|[[Gildor (outlaw)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Lori Deitrick - Gildor Inglorion.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gildor Inglorion
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles="of the House of Finrod"
| position=
| location=[[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=[[First Age]]{{fact}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|Elves seldom give unguarded advice, for advice is a dangerous gift, even from the wise to the wise, and all courses may run ill.|Gildor Inglorion<ref name="3IC">{{FR|I3}}</ref>}}</center>
'''Gildor Inglorion''' was a [[Noldor|Noldorin]] [[Elves|Elf]] of the [[Finrod|House of Finrod]], who in the [[Third Age]] lived in [[Rivendell]].

==History==
Gildor was probably the son of some [[Inglor]]<ref name=halls>{{webcite|author=Matt Light, Lowell R. Matthews|articleurl=http://www.guildcompanion.com/scrolls/2000/jul/gildorshalls.html|articlename=Gildor's Halls|dated=[[2000]]|website=The Tolkien List}}</ref> and one of the [[Exile of the Noldor|Exiles]] of the House of Finrod. It's possible that he was from around Rivendell.<ref>{{RGEO|Elbereth}}</ref>
[[Image:Alan Lee - Frodo meets Gildor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''Frodo meets Gildor'']]
Elven [[Wandering Companies]] crossed the [[Shire]] every Spring and Autumn. Around [[September]] {{TA|3001}}, as [[Bilbo Baggins]] was leaving the Shire for Rivendell, Gildor met the [[hobbit]] as he waved them farewell in [[Woody End]]. The following years he met him once more, perhaps at Rivendell.<ref name="3IC"/><ref name=halls/>

In September {{TA|3018}}, he traveled eastwards with a company of Elves of Rivendell. They were returning from the [[Emyn Beraid]], where they went to see [[Varda|Elbereth]] in the ''[[Elostirion-stone|palantír]]'' that was kept there. On the [[24 September|24th]], they met [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Peregrin Took]] on the road near the Woody End. They ate and sang, and Gildor discussed the peril that haunted the three [[hobbits]]. This peril, a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]], was near, but fled as he heard the Elves chant of Elbereth. Because of Frodo's ability to speak [[Elvish]], Gildor gave him the title [[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]].<ref name="3IC"/>

After separating from the hobbits, he sent word to the house of [[Tom Bombadil]], probably before the [[26 September|26th]].<ref>{{FR|I7}}</ref> He also spoke with [[Aragorn]]<ref>{{FR|I10}}</ref> and sent a message to [[Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|I12}}</ref>

Two years later, on [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|3021}}, he met the Hobbits once again. He accompanied a riding of great Lords and Ladies, that planned to sail [[Aman|West]] on board the [[White Ship]].<ref group=note>The narrative does not specify whether Gildor also boarded the ship to the West or if he was simply present as a companion.</ref><ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref>

==Ancestry ==
Gildor is one of the less prominently featured Elves, yet he seems important enough to raise questions concerning his lineage, or the identity of this character. Gildor calls himself "Gildor Inglorion of the House of Finrod". He also says: "We are Exiles, and most of our kindred have long departed and we too are only tarrying here a while, ere we return over the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]."<ref name="3IC"/>

It should be noted that Tolkien initially used names from his (unpublished) ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' writings rather at random in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and the first drafts of the sequel which would become ''The Lord of the Rings'': other examples are the mention of [[Gondolin]] and the appearance of [[Elrond]] in ''The Hobbit'', which were only later brought into alignment with ''The Lord of the Rings'' and the unpublished mythology by a third edition of the book.<ref name="L257">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 257]] (dated [[16 July|July 16]], [[1964]])</ref> This therefore is the case of the reference to the name "Finrod".

The name "Gildor" first appeared in the outlines of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in February [[1938]],<ref>{{RS|Hobbiton}} (p. 45)</ref> and in Tolkien's notes of that time, "Finrod" still meant the character later known as [[Finarfin]]<ref name="RC3IC">{{HM|RC}}, "[[Three is Company]]", pages 103-4</ref> and [[Finrod|his son]] had the older name "[[Inglor]]".
===Son of Finrod?===
It could be argued that the name "Inglorion", which means "son of Inglor", suggests that he was in fact the son of Finrod Felagund himself, who at the time of writing still had the name Inglor. There are, however, strong arguments against it:
* There were only two children — [[Idril]] and [[Orodreth]] — of "the third generation from [[Finwë]] to go with the exiles".{{fact}}. While on [[Middle-earth]], Finrod Felagund had no wife since he loved [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]], who refused to go with him to the exile,<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Noldor in Beleriand]]"</ref> and did not meet her again until after his reincarnation on [[Valinor]].
* If Gildor were Finrod's son, he would have right to claim High Kingship of the Noldor instead of [[Gil-galad]] after [[Turgon]]'s death.
* Since Gildor mentions he is of the Exiles<ref name="3IC"/> (meaning those who originally followed [[Fëanor]]), it is very unlikely that he was reincarnated Finrod's son born in Valinor and allowed to visit Middle-earth in a later time. Only one "return" to Middle-earth is explicitly mentioned - that of [[Glorfindel]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[Last Writings]]"</ref>

===Connection to Finarfin===
However the name [[Inglor]] reappeared, in [[Quenya]] form, for Finarfin (who in the earlier legendarium, was named Finrod). Finarfin's [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingalaurë]]''.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, note 30</ref> If Ingalaurë is to be translated in [[Sindarin]] according to the [[Sindarization|sound-changing rules]], this would become ''Inglor''. Thus, the connection of Gildor to the house of Finrod/Finarfin still remains in the updated legendarium.

This all suggests that, while Gildor might have been initially intended to be Felagund's son, in the final version he probably became a member of the House of Finrod as one of its servants, not one of its sons — perhaps one of the knights of [[Nargothrond]].

It is also possible that he was a son of a supposed "Inglor" — a character unconnected to Finrod Felagund.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
Gildor is generally left out of adaptations. This may cause some problems when two characters the hobbits meet later - [[Tom Bombadil| Bombadil ]] and [[Glorfindel]] (or [[Glorfindel#Portrayal in Adaptations|his replacement]]) - are introduced.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:[[Legolas]], here an Elf of Rivendell, tells Strider that Elrond had received news of the burden, but it is left unexplained how.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Adapter [[Brian Sibley]] wanted to use as much of the original Elvish lines as possible. This meant that the heavily wounded Frodo told the line ''Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo'' to Glorfindel instead.

[[Image:Peter Jackson's Elves.jpg|thumb|The band of Elves in Peter Jackson's movie]]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:A scene that was shot on the third day of principal photography, "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", is a reference to this passage in the book. It was eventually cut from the theatrical release to postpone the introduction of [[Elves]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref name="PJ">[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", Directors' Commentary</ref> In the scene, Frodo and Sam have a meal when Frodo notices Elves in the distance. No interaction is made, and the Elves travel ''to'' the Grey Havens, not from the [[Emyn Beraid]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]"</ref> They overhear the Elves singing a sad song, which is in fact a translation into [[Sindarin]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s ''[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]''.<ref> [[Ryszard Derdzinski]] (ed.), "[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_soundtrack_fotr.htm#elbereth The Fellowship of the Ring Soundtrack Analysis]", [[Gwaith i-Phethdain]]</ref> Jackson meant for this scene to invoke the sadness of the Elves leaving Middle-earth.<ref name="PJ"/>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:This video game features both [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Glorfindel]]. Tom apparently knows nothing of Frodo carrying the Ring, yet Glorfindel does - he is sent out by Elrond. Elrond had received a message, but from whom this message came is left untold.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gildor makes a brief appearance in the [[Bree-land Introduction#Hobbit Summary|Hobbit introduction]] to the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'' driving out a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]] in [[the Shire]].
:He is also the representative for the elves for the Council of the North in the third book to the ''Shadows of Angmar'': ''[[The Council of the North]]'' and appears in Chapter five, "Tending the Glade".
:Besides the epic story line, players can find him in [[Esteldín]] in the [[North Downs]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[de:Gildor Inglorion]]
[[fi:Gildor (haltia)]]

Gildor

2014-06-04T19:03:39Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{disambig-two|the [[Noldor]]in Elf|member of [[Barahir's Outlaw Band]]|[[Gildor (outlaw)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Lori Deitrick - Gildor Inglorion.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gildor Inglorion
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles="of the House of Finrod"
| position=
| location=[[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=[[First Age]]{{fact}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|Elves seldom give unguarded advice, for advice is a dangerous gift, even from the wise to the wise, and all courses may run ill.|Gildor Inglorion<ref name="3IC">{{FR|I3}}</ref>}}</center>
'''Gildor Inglorion''' was a [[Noldor|Noldorin]] [[Elves|Elf]] of the [[Finrod|House of Finrod]], who in the [[Third Age]] lived in [[Rivendell]].

==History==
Gildor was probably the son of some [[Inglor]]<ref name=halls>{{webcite|author=Matt Light, Lowell R. Matthews|articleurl=http://www.guildcompanion.com/scrolls/2000/jul/gildorshalls.html|articlename=Gildor's Halls|dated=[[2000]]|website=The Tolkien List}}</ref> and one of the [[Exiles]] of the House of Finrod. It's possible that he was from around Rivendell.<ref>{{RGEO|Elbereth}}</ref>
[[Image:Alan Lee - Frodo meets Gildor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''Frodo meets Gildor'']]
Elven [[Wandering Companies]] crossed the [[Shire]] every Spring and Autumn. Around [[September]] {{TA|3001}}, as [[Bilbo Baggins]] was leaving the Shire for Rivendell, Gildor met the [[hobbit]] as he waved them farewell in [[Woody End]]. The following years he met him once more, perhaps at Rivendell.<ref name="3IC"/><ref name=halls/>

In September {{TA|3018}}, he traveled eastwards with a company of Elves of Rivendell. They were returning from the [[Emyn Beraid]], where they went to see [[Varda|Elbereth]] in the ''[[Elostirion-stone|palantír]]'' that was kept there. On the [[24 September|24th]], they met [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Peregrin Took]] on the road near the Woody End. They ate and sang, and Gildor discussed the peril that haunted the three [[hobbits]]. This peril, a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]], was near, but fled as he heard the Elves chant of Elbereth. Because of Frodo's ability to speak [[Elvish]], Gildor gave him the title [[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]].<ref name="3IC"/>

After separating from the hobbits, he sent word to the house of [[Tom Bombadil]], probably before the [[26 September|26th]].<ref>{{FR|I7}}</ref> He also spoke with [[Aragorn]]<ref>{{FR|I10}}</ref> and sent a message to [[Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|I12}}</ref>

Two years later, on [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|3021}}, he met the Hobbits once again. He accompanied a riding of great Lords and Ladies, that planned to sail [[Aman|West]] on board the [[White Ship]].<ref group=note>The narrative does not specify whether Gildor also boarded the ship to the West or if he was simply present as a companion.</ref><ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref>

==Ancestry ==
Gildor is one of the less prominently featured Elves, yet he seems important enough to raise questions concerning his lineage, or the identity of this character. Gildor calls himself "Gildor Inglorion of the House of Finrod". He also says: "We are Exiles, and most of our kindred have long departed and we too are only tarrying here a while, ere we return over the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]."<ref name="3IC"/>

It should be noted that Tolkien initially used names from his (unpublished) ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' writings rather at random in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and the first drafts of the sequel which would become ''The Lord of the Rings'': other examples are the mention of [[Gondolin]] and the appearance of [[Elrond]] in ''The Hobbit'', which were only later brought into alignment with ''The Lord of the Rings'' and the unpublished mythology by a third edition of the book.<ref name="L257">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 257]] (dated [[16 July|July 16]], [[1964]])</ref> This therefore is the case of the reference to the name "Finrod".

The name "Gildor" first appeared in the outlines of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in February [[1938]],<ref>{{RS|Hobbiton}} (p. 45)</ref> and in Tolkien's notes of that time, "Finrod" still meant the character later known as [[Finarfin]]<ref name="RC3IC">{{HM|RC}}, "[[Three is Company]]", pages 103-4</ref> and [[Finrod|his son]] had the older name "[[Inglor]]".
===Son of Finrod?===
It could be argued that the name "Inglorion", which means "son of Inglor", suggests that he was in fact the son of Finrod Felagund himself, who at the time of writing still had the name Inglor. There are, however, strong arguments against it:
* There were only two children — [[Idril]] and [[Orodreth]] — of "the third generation from [[Finwë]] to go with the exiles".{{fact}}. While on [[Middle-earth]], Finrod Felagund had no wife since he loved [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]], who refused to go with him to the exile,<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Noldor in Beleriand]]"</ref> and did not meet her again until after his reincarnation on [[Valinor]].
* If Gildor were Finrod's son, he would have right to claim High Kingship of the Noldor instead of [[Gil-galad]] after [[Turgon]]'s death.
* Since Gildor mentions he is of the Exiles<ref name="3IC"/> (meaning those who originally followed [[Fëanor]]), it is very unlikely that he was reincarnated Finrod's son born in Valinor and allowed to visit Middle-earth in a later time. Only one "return" to Middle-earth is explicitly mentioned - that of [[Glorfindel]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[Last Writings]]"</ref>

===Connection to Finarfin===
However the name [[Inglor]] reappeared, in [[Quenya]] form, for Finarfin (who in the earlier legendarium, was named Finrod). Finarfin's [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingalaurë]]''.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, note 30</ref> If Ingalaurë is to be translated in [[Sindarin]] according to the [[Sindarization|sound-changing rules]], this would become ''Inglor''. Thus, the connection of Gildor to the house of Finrod/Finarfin still remains in the updated legendarium.

This all suggests that, while Gildor might have been initially intended to be Felagund's son, in the final version he probably became a member of the House of Finrod as one of its servants, not one of its sons — perhaps one of the knights of [[Nargothrond]].

It is also possible that he was a son of a supposed "Inglor" — a character unconnected to Finrod Felagund.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
Gildor is generally left out of adaptations. This may cause some problems when two characters the hobbits meet later - [[Tom Bombadil| Bombadil ]] and [[Glorfindel]] (or [[Glorfindel#Portrayal in Adaptations|his replacement]]) - are introduced.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:[[Legolas]], here an Elf of Rivendell, tells Strider that Elrond had received news of the burden, but it is left unexplained how.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Adapter [[Brian Sibley]] wanted to use as much of the original Elvish lines as possible. This meant that the heavily wounded Frodo told the line ''Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo'' to Glorfindel instead.

[[Image:Peter Jackson's Elves.jpg|thumb|The band of Elves in Peter Jackson's movie]]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:A scene that was shot on the third day of principal photography, "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", is a reference to this passage in the book. It was eventually cut from the theatrical release to postpone the introduction of [[Elves]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref name="PJ">[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", Directors' Commentary</ref> In the scene, Frodo and Sam have a meal when Frodo notices Elves in the distance. No interaction is made, and the Elves travel ''to'' the Grey Havens, not from the [[Emyn Beraid]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]"</ref> They overhear the Elves singing a sad song, which is in fact a translation into [[Sindarin]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s ''[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]''.<ref> [[Ryszard Derdzinski]] (ed.), "[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_soundtrack_fotr.htm#elbereth The Fellowship of the Ring Soundtrack Analysis]", [[Gwaith i-Phethdain]]</ref> Jackson meant for this scene to invoke the sadness of the Elves leaving Middle-earth.<ref name="PJ"/>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:This video game features both [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Glorfindel]]. Tom apparently knows nothing of Frodo carrying the Ring, yet Glorfindel does - he is sent out by Elrond. Elrond had received a message, but from whom this message came is left untold.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gildor makes a brief appearance in the [[Bree-land Introduction#Hobbit Summary|Hobbit introduction]] to the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'' driving out a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]] in [[the Shire]].
:He is also the representative for the elves for the Council of the North in the third book to the ''Shadows of Angmar'': ''[[The Council of the North]]'' and appears in Chapter five, "Tending the Glade".
:Besides the epic story line, players can find him in [[Esteldín]] in the [[North Downs]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[de:Gildor Inglorion]]
[[fi:Gildor (haltia)]]

Gildor

2014-06-04T19:02:48Z

Shadrak:

{{disambig-two|the [[Noldor]]in Elf|member of [[Barahir's Outlaw Band]]|[[Gildor (outlaw)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Lori Deitrick - Gildor Inglorion.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gildor Inglorion
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles="of the House of Finrod"
| position=
| location=[[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=[[First Age]]{{fact}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|Elves seldom give unguarded advice, for advice is a dangerous gift, even from the wise to the wise, and all courses may run ill.|Gildor Inglorion<ref name="3IC">{{FR|I3}}</ref>}}</center>
'''Gildor Inglorion''' was a [[Noldor|Noldorin]] [[Elves|Elf]] of the [[Finrod|House of Finrod]], who in the [[Third Age]] lived in [[Rivendell]].

==History==
Gildor was probably the son of some [[Inglor]]<ref name=halls>{{webcite|author=Matt Light, Lowell R. Matthews|articleurl=http://www.guildcompanion.com/scrolls/2000/jul/gildorshalls.html|articlename=Gildor's Halls|dated=[[2000]]|website=The Tolkien List}}</ref> and one of the [[Exiles]] of the [[House of Finrod]]. It's possible that he was from around Rivendell.<ref>{{RGEO|Elbereth}}</ref>
[[Image:Alan Lee - Frodo meets Gildor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''Frodo meets Gildor'']]
Elven [[Wandering Companies]] crossed the [[Shire]] every Spring and Autumn. Around [[September]] {{TA|3001}}, as [[Bilbo Baggins]] was leaving the Shire for Rivendell, Gildor met the [[hobbit]] as he waved them farewell in [[Woody End]]. The following years he met him once more, perhaps at Rivendell.<ref name="3IC"/><ref name=halls/>

In September {{TA|3018}}, he traveled eastwards with a company of Elves of Rivendell. They were returning from the [[Emyn Beraid]], where they went to see [[Varda|Elbereth]] in the ''[[Elostirion-stone|palantír]]'' that was kept there. On the [[24 September|24th]], they met [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Peregrin Took]] on the road near the Woody End. They ate and sang, and Gildor discussed the peril that haunted the three [[hobbits]]. This peril, a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]], was near, but fled as he heard the Elves chant of Elbereth. Because of Frodo's ability to speak [[Elvish]], Gildor gave him the title [[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]].<ref name="3IC"/>

After separating from the hobbits, he sent word to the house of [[Tom Bombadil]], probably before the [[26 September|26th]].<ref>{{FR|I7}}</ref> He also spoke with [[Aragorn]]<ref>{{FR|I10}}</ref> and sent a message to [[Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|I12}}</ref>

Two years later, on [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|3021}}, he met the Hobbits once again. He accompanied a riding of great Lords and Ladies, that planned to sail [[Aman|West]] on board the [[White Ship]].<ref group=note>The narrative does not specify whether Gildor also boarded the ship to the West or if he was simply present as a companion.</ref><ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref>

==Ancestry ==
Gildor is one of the less prominently featured Elves, yet he seems important enough to raise questions concerning his lineage, or the identity of this character. Gildor calls himself "Gildor Inglorion of the House of Finrod". He also says: "We are Exiles, and most of our kindred have long departed and we too are only tarrying here a while, ere we return over the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]."<ref name="3IC"/>

It should be noted that Tolkien initially used names from his (unpublished) ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' writings rather at random in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and the first drafts of the sequel which would become ''The Lord of the Rings'': other examples are the mention of [[Gondolin]] and the appearance of [[Elrond]] in ''The Hobbit'', which were only later brought into alignment with ''The Lord of the Rings'' and the unpublished mythology by a third edition of the book.<ref name="L257">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 257]] (dated [[16 July|July 16]], [[1964]])</ref> This therefore is the case of the reference to the name "Finrod".

The name "Gildor" first appeared in the outlines of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in February [[1938]],<ref>{{RS|Hobbiton}} (p. 45)</ref> and in Tolkien's notes of that time, "Finrod" still meant the character later known as [[Finarfin]]<ref name="RC3IC">{{HM|RC}}, "[[Three is Company]]", pages 103-4</ref> and [[Finrod|his son]] had the older name "[[Inglor]]".
===Son of Finrod?===
It could be argued that the name "Inglorion", which means "son of Inglor", suggests that he was in fact the son of Finrod Felagund himself, who at the time of writing still had the name Inglor. There are, however, strong arguments against it:
* There were only two children — [[Idril]] and [[Orodreth]] — of "the third generation from [[Finwë]] to go with the exiles".{{fact}}. While on [[Middle-earth]], Finrod Felagund had no wife since he loved [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]], who refused to go with him to the exile,<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Noldor in Beleriand]]"</ref> and did not meet her again until after his reincarnation on [[Valinor]].
* If Gildor were Finrod's son, he would have right to claim High Kingship of the Noldor instead of [[Gil-galad]] after [[Turgon]]'s death.
* Since Gildor mentions he is of the Exiles<ref name="3IC"/> (meaning those who originally followed [[Fëanor]]), it is very unlikely that he was reincarnated Finrod's son born in Valinor and allowed to visit Middle-earth in a later time. Only one "return" to Middle-earth is explicitly mentioned - that of [[Glorfindel]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[Last Writings]]"</ref>

===Connection to Finarfin===
However the name [[Inglor]] reappeared, in [[Quenya]] form, for Finarfin (who in the earlier legendarium, was named Finrod). Finarfin's [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingalaurë]]''.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, note 30</ref> If Ingalaurë is to be translated in [[Sindarin]] according to the [[Sindarization|sound-changing rules]], this would become ''Inglor''. Thus, the connection of Gildor to the house of Finrod/Finarfin still remains in the updated legendarium.

This all suggests that, while Gildor might have been initially intended to be Felagund's son, in the final version he probably became a member of the House of Finrod as one of its servants, not one of its sons — perhaps one of the knights of [[Nargothrond]].

It is also possible that he was a son of a supposed "Inglor" — a character unconnected to Finrod Felagund.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
Gildor is generally left out of adaptations. This may cause some problems when two characters the hobbits meet later - [[Tom Bombadil| Bombadil ]] and [[Glorfindel]] (or [[Glorfindel#Portrayal in Adaptations|his replacement]]) - are introduced.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:[[Legolas]], here an Elf of Rivendell, tells Strider that Elrond had received news of the burden, but it is left unexplained how.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Adapter [[Brian Sibley]] wanted to use as much of the original Elvish lines as possible. This meant that the heavily wounded Frodo told the line ''Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo'' to Glorfindel instead.

[[Image:Peter Jackson's Elves.jpg|thumb|The band of Elves in Peter Jackson's movie]]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:A scene that was shot on the third day of principal photography, "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", is a reference to this passage in the book. It was eventually cut from the theatrical release to postpone the introduction of [[Elves]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref name="PJ">[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", Directors' Commentary</ref> In the scene, Frodo and Sam have a meal when Frodo notices Elves in the distance. No interaction is made, and the Elves travel ''to'' the Grey Havens, not from the [[Emyn Beraid]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]"</ref> They overhear the Elves singing a sad song, which is in fact a translation into [[Sindarin]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s ''[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]''.<ref> [[Ryszard Derdzinski]] (ed.), "[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_soundtrack_fotr.htm#elbereth The Fellowship of the Ring Soundtrack Analysis]", [[Gwaith i-Phethdain]]</ref> Jackson meant for this scene to invoke the sadness of the Elves leaving Middle-earth.<ref name="PJ"/>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:This video game features both [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Glorfindel]]. Tom apparently knows nothing of Frodo carrying the Ring, yet Glorfindel does - he is sent out by Elrond. Elrond had received a message, but from whom this message came is left untold.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gildor makes a brief appearance in the [[Bree-land Introduction#Hobbit Summary|Hobbit introduction]] to the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'' driving out a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]] in [[the Shire]].
:He is also the representative for the elves for the Council of the North in the third book to the ''Shadows of Angmar'': ''[[The Council of the North]]'' and appears in Chapter five, "Tending the Glade".
:Besides the epic story line, players can find him in [[Esteldín]] in the [[North Downs]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[de:Gildor Inglorion]]
[[fi:Gildor (haltia)]]

Gildor

2014-06-04T19:02:21Z

Shadrak:

{{disambig-two|the [[Noldor]]in Elf|member of [[Barahir's Outlaw Band]]|[[Gildor (outlaw)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| image=[[File:Lori Deitrick - Gildor Inglorion.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gildor Inglorion
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles="of the House of Finrod"
| position=
| location=[[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=[[First Age]]{{fact}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|Elves seldom give unguarded advice, for advice is a dangerous gift, even from the wise to the wise, and all courses may run ill.|Gildor Inglorion<ref name="3IC">{{FR|I3}}</ref>}}</center>
'''Gildor Inglorion''' was a [[Noldor|Noldorin]] [[Elves|Elf]] of the [[House of Finrod|Finrod]], who in the [[Third Age]] lived in [[Rivendell]].

==History==
Gildor was probably the son of some [[Inglor]]<ref name=halls>{{webcite|author=Matt Light, Lowell R. Matthews|articleurl=http://www.guildcompanion.com/scrolls/2000/jul/gildorshalls.html|articlename=Gildor's Halls|dated=[[2000]]|website=The Tolkien List}}</ref> and one of the [[Exiles]] of the [[House of Finrod]]. It's possible that he was from around Rivendell.<ref>{{RGEO|Elbereth}}</ref>
[[Image:Alan Lee - Frodo meets Gildor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''Frodo meets Gildor'']]
Elven [[Wandering Companies]] crossed the [[Shire]] every Spring and Autumn. Around [[September]] {{TA|3001}}, as [[Bilbo Baggins]] was leaving the Shire for Rivendell, Gildor met the [[hobbit]] as he waved them farewell in [[Woody End]]. The following years he met him once more, perhaps at Rivendell.<ref name="3IC"/><ref name=halls/>

In September {{TA|3018}}, he traveled eastwards with a company of Elves of Rivendell. They were returning from the [[Emyn Beraid]], where they went to see [[Varda|Elbereth]] in the ''[[Elostirion-stone|palantír]]'' that was kept there. On the [[24 September|24th]], they met [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Peregrin Took]] on the road near the Woody End. They ate and sang, and Gildor discussed the peril that haunted the three [[hobbits]]. This peril, a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]], was near, but fled as he heard the Elves chant of Elbereth. Because of Frodo's ability to speak [[Elvish]], Gildor gave him the title [[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]].<ref name="3IC"/>

After separating from the hobbits, he sent word to the house of [[Tom Bombadil]], probably before the [[26 September|26th]].<ref>{{FR|I7}}</ref> He also spoke with [[Aragorn]]<ref>{{FR|I10}}</ref> and sent a message to [[Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|I12}}</ref>

Two years later, on [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|3021}}, he met the Hobbits once again. He accompanied a riding of great Lords and Ladies, that planned to sail [[Aman|West]] on board the [[White Ship]].<ref group=note>The narrative does not specify whether Gildor also boarded the ship to the West or if he was simply present as a companion.</ref><ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref>

==Ancestry ==
Gildor is one of the less prominently featured Elves, yet he seems important enough to raise questions concerning his lineage, or the identity of this character. Gildor calls himself "Gildor Inglorion of the House of Finrod". He also says: "We are Exiles, and most of our kindred have long departed and we too are only tarrying here a while, ere we return over the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]."<ref name="3IC"/>

It should be noted that Tolkien initially used names from his (unpublished) ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' writings rather at random in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and the first drafts of the sequel which would become ''The Lord of the Rings'': other examples are the mention of [[Gondolin]] and the appearance of [[Elrond]] in ''The Hobbit'', which were only later brought into alignment with ''The Lord of the Rings'' and the unpublished mythology by a third edition of the book.<ref name="L257">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 257]] (dated [[16 July|July 16]], [[1964]])</ref> This therefore is the case of the reference to the name "Finrod".

The name "Gildor" first appeared in the outlines of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in February [[1938]],<ref>{{RS|Hobbiton}} (p. 45)</ref> and in Tolkien's notes of that time, "Finrod" still meant the character later known as [[Finarfin]]<ref name="RC3IC">{{HM|RC}}, "[[Three is Company]]", pages 103-4</ref> and [[Finrod|his son]] had the older name "[[Inglor]]".
===Son of Finrod?===
It could be argued that the name "Inglorion", which means "son of Inglor", suggests that he was in fact the son of Finrod Felagund himself, who at the time of writing still had the name Inglor. There are, however, strong arguments against it:
* There were only two children — [[Idril]] and [[Orodreth]] — of "the third generation from [[Finwë]] to go with the exiles".{{fact}}. While on [[Middle-earth]], Finrod Felagund had no wife since he loved [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]], who refused to go with him to the exile,<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Noldor in Beleriand]]"</ref> and did not meet her again until after his reincarnation on [[Valinor]].
* If Gildor were Finrod's son, he would have right to claim High Kingship of the Noldor instead of [[Gil-galad]] after [[Turgon]]'s death.
* Since Gildor mentions he is of the Exiles<ref name="3IC"/> (meaning those who originally followed [[Fëanor]]), it is very unlikely that he was reincarnated Finrod's son born in Valinor and allowed to visit Middle-earth in a later time. Only one "return" to Middle-earth is explicitly mentioned - that of [[Glorfindel]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[Last Writings]]"</ref>

===Connection to Finarfin===
However the name [[Inglor]] reappeared, in [[Quenya]] form, for Finarfin (who in the earlier legendarium, was named Finrod). Finarfin's [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingalaurë]]''.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, note 30</ref> If Ingalaurë is to be translated in [[Sindarin]] according to the [[Sindarization|sound-changing rules]], this would become ''Inglor''. Thus, the connection of Gildor to the house of Finrod/Finarfin still remains in the updated legendarium.

This all suggests that, while Gildor might have been initially intended to be Felagund's son, in the final version he probably became a member of the House of Finrod as one of its servants, not one of its sons — perhaps one of the knights of [[Nargothrond]].

It is also possible that he was a son of a supposed "Inglor" — a character unconnected to Finrod Felagund.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
Gildor is generally left out of adaptations. This may cause some problems when two characters the hobbits meet later - [[Tom Bombadil| Bombadil ]] and [[Glorfindel]] (or [[Glorfindel#Portrayal in Adaptations|his replacement]]) - are introduced.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:[[Legolas]], here an Elf of Rivendell, tells Strider that Elrond had received news of the burden, but it is left unexplained how.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Adapter [[Brian Sibley]] wanted to use as much of the original Elvish lines as possible. This meant that the heavily wounded Frodo told the line ''Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo'' to Glorfindel instead.

[[Image:Peter Jackson's Elves.jpg|thumb|The band of Elves in Peter Jackson's movie]]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:A scene that was shot on the third day of principal photography, "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", is a reference to this passage in the book. It was eventually cut from the theatrical release to postpone the introduction of [[Elves]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref name="PJ">[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", Directors' Commentary</ref> In the scene, Frodo and Sam have a meal when Frodo notices Elves in the distance. No interaction is made, and the Elves travel ''to'' the Grey Havens, not from the [[Emyn Beraid]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[The Passing of the Elves]]"</ref> They overhear the Elves singing a sad song, which is in fact a translation into [[Sindarin]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s ''[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]''.<ref> [[Ryszard Derdzinski]] (ed.), "[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_soundtrack_fotr.htm#elbereth The Fellowship of the Ring Soundtrack Analysis]", [[Gwaith i-Phethdain]]</ref> Jackson meant for this scene to invoke the sadness of the Elves leaving Middle-earth.<ref name="PJ"/>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:This video game features both [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Glorfindel]]. Tom apparently knows nothing of Frodo carrying the Ring, yet Glorfindel does - he is sent out by Elrond. Elrond had received a message, but from whom this message came is left untold.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gildor makes a brief appearance in the [[Bree-land Introduction#Hobbit Summary|Hobbit introduction]] to the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'' driving out a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]] in [[the Shire]].
:He is also the representative for the elves for the Council of the North in the third book to the ''Shadows of Angmar'': ''[[The Council of the North]]'' and appears in Chapter five, "Tending the Glade".
:Besides the epic story line, players can find him in [[Esteldín]] in the [[North Downs]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[de:Gildor Inglorion]]
[[fi:Gildor (haltia)]]

Hobbits

2014-06-04T18:20:53Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{sources}}
{{expansion}}
{{disambig-more|Hobbits|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{race
| image= [[File:Inger Edelfeldt - A Long Expected Party.jpg|250px]]
| name= Hobbits
| dominions= [[The Shire]], [[Bree-land]]
| languages= [[Hobbitish]] (a regional dialect of [[Westron]])
| height= 2-4 ft or 0.6-1.2 m (often less than three feet in later days)
| skincolor= Nut-brown to White
| haircolor= Typically curly brown, rarely blond (until the [[Fourth Age]]), and white and grey in later years
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], diminuitive stature, furry feet
| lifespan= c. 96<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics.php|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=09-September-2012}}</ref>
| members= [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], [[Sméagol]], [[Bandobras Took]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]]
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[An Unexpected Party]]}}
'''Hobbits''' were a small race that typically dwelt underground, believed to be related to [[Men]]. They played little role in history, save during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Description and culture==
{{quote|There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly [[Eriador|West]]. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.|[[Thorin Oakenshield]]<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>}}
Hobbits were between two to four feet tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches, with short legs slightly pointed ears<ref>{{L|27}}</ref> and furry feet with leathery soles, resulting in most never wearing shoes. Early in their recorded history, Hobbits were divided in three kinds with different customs and temperament. The '''[[Stoors]]''' grew facial hair and had an affinity for water, boats and swimming and wore boots; the '''[[Fallohides]]''' were fair, tall and slim, an adventurous people, friendlier and more open to outsiders. Finally, the '''[[Harfoots]]''' were the most numerous and instituted the living in burrows. In later days the Harfoot traits became the "norm".

Hobbits had a life span somewhat longer than Men of non-[[Númenórean]] descent, averaging between 90 and 100 years. The time at which a young hobbit "came of age" was 33.<ref name=FRI1>{{FR|I1}}</ref> The two oldest-living recorded hobbits (except [[Gollum]]) were The [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]] (who reached the age of 130) and [[Bilbo Baggins]] (who surpassed 131).

Throughout their history Hobbits had showed unparelleled skill, courage and also endurance and resistance in times of danger and terror. During their [[Wandering Days]] Hobbits demostrated an easiness to adapt to the environments they visited and adopted the customs and languages of the peoples they were in contact with. In the Shire, they had settled with a closed and comfort-loving lifestyle; they were fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, smoking [[pipe-weed]], socializing and talking about genealogies. Hobbits also liked to drink ale in inns, and ate at least six meals a day when they could get them.

However, their hidden potentials resurfaced in difficult times; in the [[Long Winter]], [[Gandalf]] admired their uncomplaining courage and pity one for another, thanks to which they survived.<ref>{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Another example of Hobbitish hardiness and resistant nature, was [[Gollum]], who despite using the [[One Ring]] for years, did not transform into a [[Wraith]] by its evil power (unlike the [[Ringwraith|nine Mannish Kings]]).<ref>
{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|website=FAQ of the Rings|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q1-GollumWraith |articlename=Why hadn’t Gollum turned into a wraith long ago?}}</ref> These surprising Hobbit traits also were tested and proven during the [[Quest for Erebor]] and, most notably, the [[War of the Ring]].

==Origin==
[[File:Hobbits comparison.jpg|thumb|left|The three kinds of Hobbits]]
Hobbits were considered Men. Nearly all scholars agree that Men were closely related to Hobbits, far more closely than Men were to either [[Elves]] or [[Dwarves]]. It was thus commonly assumed that Hobbits were among the Younger [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and were the result of the same act of creation as Men. This would imply that Hobbits had the [[Gift of Men]] to pass entirely beyond [[Arda]].

It is supposed that Hobbits branched out from Men as a race in the [[Elder Days]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> Their exact origin is unknown and they come into the records not earlier than the early [[Third Age]] where they were living in the [[Vales of Anduin]] in [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[Misty Mountains]]. They have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of mankind. While they stayed there, the [[Northmen]] knew them. Their descendants, the [[Rohirrim]], had that memory of the ''[[holbytla]]n'' and they remained an object of lore until they contacted them during the War of the Ring. Many old words and names in "[[Hobbitish]]" are cognates of words in [[Rohirric]], so much so that even someone without linguistic training could make out the relation ([[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] would later write an entire book devoted to the relationship, ''[[Old Place Names in the Shire]]'').

==History==

[[File:Robin Wood - Mathom lore.jpg|thumb|Robin Wood - [[Mathom]] lore]]
While situated in the Valley of the Anduin River the Hobbits lived close by the Northmen. Some time near the beginning of the [[Third Age]], they undertook, for reasons unknown, but possibly having to do with the [[Dol Guldur|rising evil power in Mirkwood]], the arduous task of crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], beginning thus their '''[[Wandering Days]]'''. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that [[Gollum]] would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River [[Baranduin]] (which they renamed ''Brandywine'') and the [[Weather Hills]]. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.

Around the year {{TA|1600}}, two Fallohide brothers decided to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. Only [[Bree]] and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called [[The Shire]].

Originally the [[Hobbits of the Shire]] swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of [[Arnor]], being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against [[Angmar]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]], the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help but this is nowhere else recorded. After the battle the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king the Hobbits elected a [[Thain]] of the Shire from among their own chieftains.

The first Thain of the Shire was [[Bucca]] of the [[Marish]], who founded the Oldbuck family. However, later on the Oldbuck family crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of [[Buckland]] and the family name changed to the familiar "Brandybuck". Their patriarch then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the [[Oldbucks]]/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftains be Thain, the [[Took family]] (Indeed, [[Pippin Took]] was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of [[Shire-moot]] and Muster and the [[Hobbitry-in-Arms]], but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality.

==Some well-known Hobbits==
[[File:Lorraine Brevig - Frodo and Sam in Ithilien.jpg|thumb|Frodo and Sam]]
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise "Sam" Gamgee]]
* [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]]
* [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]]
* [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]]
* [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]]
* [[Bandobras Took|Bullroarer Took]]
* [[Sméagol]] (who became the creature [[Gollum]])
* [[Déagol]]

Though in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' it is mentioned that [[Gandalf]] "was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures," no female Hobbits are depicted in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s stories doing so; however Hobbit women do appear in his works, such as the formidable [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] and Sam's wife [[Rose Cotton|Rose Cotton]].

== Etymology ==
:''This section explains the fictional etymology of the word in the linguistic context of Middle-earth; for the actual origin of the word see the section [[#Inspiration]] below''.
''Hobbit'' was derived from [[Old English]] ''[[holbytla]]'', "hole-dweller" which represents the [[Rohirric]] language.<ref>{{HM|RW}}, p. 144</ref> In a letter, Tolkien commented on the pronounciation of the word ''hobbit'': "I am sure many hobbits drop their ''h''s like most rural folk in England".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Alina Dadlez (19 September 1962)]]" (letter); quoted in {{CG|RG}}, p. 1036</ref>

The relationship hobbit/holbytla parallels the original [[Westron]] ''[[Kuduk]]'' (Hobbit), derived from the actual Rohirric ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (holbytla, hole dweller). This name obviously derives from the times when the hobbits lived at the [[Vales of Anduin]] with the [[Northmen]].<ref name="Road">{{TT|III8}}</ref><ref name="Translation">{{App|F2}}</ref>

Hobbits were also called ''[[Halflings]]'' by the [[Dúnedain]], first when they still measured 2 [[ranga]]r tall; twice as high as a hobbit who would reach only 1 ranga. The word retained even when the later generations of Dúnedain became shorter. However, the term is slightly offensive to Hobbits, as to themselves they are not 'half' of anything, and certainly do not use the term to refer to themselves.{{fact}}

''Halfling'' represents a translation of [[Westron]] ''[[banakil]]''. In [[Quenya]] the word is ''[[periando]]'' and in [[Sindarin]] ''[[perian]]'' pl. ''periannath''.{{fact}}

*''See also: [[Wikipedia:Hobbit (word)]]''

==Inspiration==
{{quote|I am in fact a Hobbit (in all but size). I like gardens, trees and unmechanized farmlands; I smoke a pipe, and like good plain food [...]; I like, and even dare to wear in these dull days, ornamental waistcoats. I am fond of mushrooms (out of a field); have a very simple sense of humour [...]; I go to bed late and get up late [...]. I do not travel much.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|[[Letter 213]]}}

Tolkien's etymology for 'Hobbit' is interesting as well: the word obviously constructed meaningless as a spontaneous inspiration, without prior intent, but it would have been natural for him to see in it the German prefix ''hob'' meaning ''small'' (e.g. ''[[hobgoblin]]'', ''hobbledehoy'' and ''hobyah''). However this prefix dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards; thence when later he began to work out the language relations further (see: [[Mannish]]) he decided that it could be a derived form of an [[Old English]] word such as ''[[holbytla]]''.

According to Tolkien, the word ''hobbit'' came first, and then he decided to write ''[[The Hobbit]]'' around it. As a university lecturer, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribbling on a blank piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit", and the rest of the story sprang from that.<ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', p.172</ref> The idea of a little hole dwelling creature was introduced to Tolkien by one of his students in a story he had written.

It was revealed recently that the word pre-dated Tolkien's usage, though with a different meaning).<ref name="annot">{{HM|AH}}</ref> Tolkien's concept of hobbits, in turn, seems to have been inspired by Edward Wyke Smith's 1927 children's book ''[[Wikipedia:The Marvellous Land of Snergs|The Marvellous Land of Snergs]]'', and by Sinclair Lewis's 1922 novel ''[[Wikipedia:Babbitt (novel)|Babbitt]]''. Tolkien wrote to [[W.H. Auden]] that ''The Marvellous Land of Snergs'' "was probably an unconscious source-book for the Hobbits"<ref name=annot/> and he told an interviewer that the word ''hobbit'' "might have been associated with Sinclair Lewis's ''Babbitt''" who enjoys the comforts of his home.

The name ''hobbit'' had previously appeared in an obscure "[[Wikipedia:Denham Tracts|list of spirits]]" by Michael Denham, which includes several repetitions. There is no evidence to suggest Tolkien used this as a source — indeed he spent many years trying to find out whether he really did coin the word. Denham's "hobbit spirits" (which are never referenced anywhere except in the long list) have no obvious relation to Tolkien's Hobbits, other than the name (which may possibly imply hob- "small"): Tolkien's Hobbits are small humans, not spirits. Nonetheless, some few people have suggested that the reference in the Denham list should invalidate the trademark.

== In popular usage ==

"Hobbit" is a trademark owned by the [[Middle-earth Enterprises]], as some of names, places and artifacts included in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. For this reason [[Dungeons and Dragons]] and other fantasy tend to refer to Hobbits and Hobbit-like races rather as '''Halflings''' (''hin'' in the Mystara universe, ''hurthlings'' in Ancient Domains of Mystery).

''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis Homo floresiensis]'', a possible species in the genus Homo (thus, related to humans) discovered in 2004, has been informally dubbed a "hobbit" by its discoverers due to its small size.

[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have noted that in depictions and adaptations such as [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Hobbits are shown with unusually large feet, a conception probably influenced by the widespread art of [[the Brothers Hildebrandt]]. However, Tolkien himself never mentioned that large feet was a general feature of Hobbits.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_printable;post=365823;guest=38267446|articlename=Big Feet|dated=|website=[http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?guest=35804230 The One Ring Forums]|accessed=2 September 2012}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbits| ]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/hobbits]]
[[de:Hobbits]]
[[fi:Hobitit]]

Hobbits

2014-06-04T18:20:34Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{sources}}
{{expansion}}
{{disambig-more|Hobbits|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{race
| image= [[File:Inger Edelfeldt - A Long Expected Party.jpg|250px]]
| name= Hobbits
| dominions= [[The Shire]], [[Bree-land]]
| languages= [[Hobbitish]] (a regional dialect of [[Westron]])
| height= 2-4 ft or 0.6-1.2 m (often less than three feet in later days)
| skincolor= Nut-brown to White
| haircolor= Typically curly brown, rarely blond (until the [[Fourth Age]]), and white and grey in later years
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], diminuitive stature, furry feet
| lifespan= c. 96<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics.php|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=09-September-2012}}</ref>
| members= [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], [[Sméagol]], [[Bandobras Took]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]]
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[An Unexpected Party]]}}
'''Hobbits''' were a small race that typically dwelt underground, believed to be related to [[Men]]. They played little role in history, save during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Description and culture==
{{quote|There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly [[Eriador|West]]. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.|[[Thorin Oakenshield]]<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>}}
Hobbits were between two to four feet tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches, with short legs slightly pointed ears<ref>{{L|27}}</ref> and furry feet with leathery soles, resulting in most never wearing shoes. Early in their recorded history, Hobbits were divided in three kinds with different customs and temperament. The '''[[Stoors]]''' grew facial hair and had an affinity for water, boats and swimming and wore boots; the '''[[Fallohides]]''' were fair, tall and slim, an adventurous people, friendlier and more open to outsiders. Finally, the '''[[Harfoots]]''' were the most numerous and instituted the living in burrows. In later days the Harfoot traits became the "norm".

Hobbits had a life span somewhat longer than Men of non-[[Númenórean]] descent, averaging between 90 and 100 years. The time at which a young hobbit "came of age" was 33.<ref name=FRI1>{{FR|I1}}</ref> The two oldest-living recorded hobbits (except [[Gollum]]) were The [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]] (who reached the age of 130) and [[Bilbo Baggins]] (who surpassed 131).

Throughout their history Hobbits had showed unparelleled skill, courage and also endurance and resistance in times of danger and terror. During their [[Wandering Days]] Hobbits demostrated an easiness to adapt to the environments they visited and adopted the customs and languages of the peoples they were in contact with. In the Shire, they had settled with a closed and comfort-loving lifestyle; they were fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, smoking [[pipe-weed]], socializing and talking about genealogies. Hobbits also liked to drink ale in inns, and ate at least six meals a day when they could get them.

However, their hidden potentials resurfaced in difficult times; in the [[Long Winter]], [[Gandalf]] admired their uncomplaining courage and pity one for another, thanks to which they survived.<ref>{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Another example of Hobbitish hardiness and resistant nature, was [[Gollum]], who despite using the [[One Ring]] for years, did not transform into a [[Wraith]] by its evil power (unlike the [[Ringwraith|nine Mannish Kings]]).<ref>
{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|website=FAQ of the Rings|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q1-GollumWraith |articlename=Why hadn’t Gollum turned into a wraith long ago?}}</ref> These surprising Hobbit traits also were tested and proven during the [[Quest for Erebor]] and, most notably, the [[War of the Ring]].

==Origin==
[[File:Hobbits comparison.jpg|thumb|left|The three kinds of Hobbits]]
Hobbits were considered Men. Nearly all scholars agree that Men were closely related to Hobbits, far more closely than Men were to either [[Elves]] or [[Dwarves]]. It was thus commonly assumed that Hobbits were among the Younger [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and were the result of the same act of creation as Men. This would imply that Hobbits had the [[Gift of Men]] to pass entirely beyond [[Arda]].

It is supposed that Hobbits branched out from Men as a race in the [[Elder Days]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> Their exact origin is unknown and they come into the records not earlier than the early [[Third Age]] where they were living in the [[Vales of Anduin]] in [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[Misty Mountains]]. They have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of mankind. While they stayed there, the [[Northmen]] knew them. Their descendants, the [[Rohirrim]], had that memory of the ''[[holbytla]]n'' and they remained an object of lore until they contacted them during the War of the Ring. Many old words and names in "[[Hobbitish]]" are cognates of words in [[Rohirric]], so much so that even someone without linguistic training could make out the relation ([[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] would later write an entire book devoted to the relationship, ''[[Old Place Names in the Shire]]'').

==History==

[[File:Robin Wood - Mathom lore.jpg|thumb|Robin Wood - [[Mathom]] lore]]
While situated in the Valley of the Anduin River the Hobbits lived close by the Northmen. Some time near the beginning of the [[Third Age]], they undertook, for reasons unknown, but possibly having to do with the [[Dol Guldur|rising evil power in Mirkwood]], the arduous task of crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], beginning thus their '''[[Wandering Days]]'''. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that [[Gollum]] would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River [[Baranduin]] (which they renamed ''Brandywine'') and the [[Weather Hills]]. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.

Around the year {{TA|1600}}, two Fallohide brothers decided to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. Only [[Bree]] and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called [[The Shire]].

Originally the [[Hobbits of the Shire]] swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of [[Arnor]], being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against [[Angmar]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]], the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help but this is nowhere else recorded. After the battle the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king the Hobbits elected a [[Thain]] of the Shire from among their own chieftains.

The first Thain of the Shire was [[Bucca]] of the [[Marish]], who founded the Oldbuck family. However, later on the Oldbuck family crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of [[Buckland]] and the family name changed to the familiar "Brandybuck". Their patriarch then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the [[Oldbucks]]/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftains be Thain, the [[Took family]] (Indeed, [[Pippin Took]] was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of [[Shire-Moot]] and Muster and the [[Hobbitry-in-Arms]], but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality.

==Some well-known Hobbits==
[[File:Lorraine Brevig - Frodo and Sam in Ithilien.jpg|thumb|Frodo and Sam]]
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise "Sam" Gamgee]]
* [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]]
* [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]]
* [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]]
* [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]]
* [[Bandobras Took|Bullroarer Took]]
* [[Sméagol]] (who became the creature [[Gollum]])
* [[Déagol]]

Though in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' it is mentioned that [[Gandalf]] "was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures," no female Hobbits are depicted in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s stories doing so; however Hobbit women do appear in his works, such as the formidable [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] and Sam's wife [[Rose Cotton|Rose Cotton]].

== Etymology ==
:''This section explains the fictional etymology of the word in the linguistic context of Middle-earth; for the actual origin of the word see the section [[#Inspiration]] below''.
''Hobbit'' was derived from [[Old English]] ''[[holbytla]]'', "hole-dweller" which represents the [[Rohirric]] language.<ref>{{HM|RW}}, p. 144</ref> In a letter, Tolkien commented on the pronounciation of the word ''hobbit'': "I am sure many hobbits drop their ''h''s like most rural folk in England".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Alina Dadlez (19 September 1962)]]" (letter); quoted in {{CG|RG}}, p. 1036</ref>

The relationship hobbit/holbytla parallels the original [[Westron]] ''[[Kuduk]]'' (Hobbit), derived from the actual Rohirric ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (holbytla, hole dweller). This name obviously derives from the times when the hobbits lived at the [[Vales of Anduin]] with the [[Northmen]].<ref name="Road">{{TT|III8}}</ref><ref name="Translation">{{App|F2}}</ref>

Hobbits were also called ''[[Halflings]]'' by the [[Dúnedain]], first when they still measured 2 [[ranga]]r tall; twice as high as a hobbit who would reach only 1 ranga. The word retained even when the later generations of Dúnedain became shorter. However, the term is slightly offensive to Hobbits, as to themselves they are not 'half' of anything, and certainly do not use the term to refer to themselves.{{fact}}

''Halfling'' represents a translation of [[Westron]] ''[[banakil]]''. In [[Quenya]] the word is ''[[periando]]'' and in [[Sindarin]] ''[[perian]]'' pl. ''periannath''.{{fact}}

*''See also: [[Wikipedia:Hobbit (word)]]''

==Inspiration==
{{quote|I am in fact a Hobbit (in all but size). I like gardens, trees and unmechanized farmlands; I smoke a pipe, and like good plain food [...]; I like, and even dare to wear in these dull days, ornamental waistcoats. I am fond of mushrooms (out of a field); have a very simple sense of humour [...]; I go to bed late and get up late [...]. I do not travel much.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|[[Letter 213]]}}

Tolkien's etymology for 'Hobbit' is interesting as well: the word obviously constructed meaningless as a spontaneous inspiration, without prior intent, but it would have been natural for him to see in it the German prefix ''hob'' meaning ''small'' (e.g. ''[[hobgoblin]]'', ''hobbledehoy'' and ''hobyah''). However this prefix dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards; thence when later he began to work out the language relations further (see: [[Mannish]]) he decided that it could be a derived form of an [[Old English]] word such as ''[[holbytla]]''.

According to Tolkien, the word ''hobbit'' came first, and then he decided to write ''[[The Hobbit]]'' around it. As a university lecturer, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribbling on a blank piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit", and the rest of the story sprang from that.<ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', p.172</ref> The idea of a little hole dwelling creature was introduced to Tolkien by one of his students in a story he had written.

It was revealed recently that the word pre-dated Tolkien's usage, though with a different meaning).<ref name="annot">{{HM|AH}}</ref> Tolkien's concept of hobbits, in turn, seems to have been inspired by Edward Wyke Smith's 1927 children's book ''[[Wikipedia:The Marvellous Land of Snergs|The Marvellous Land of Snergs]]'', and by Sinclair Lewis's 1922 novel ''[[Wikipedia:Babbitt (novel)|Babbitt]]''. Tolkien wrote to [[W.H. Auden]] that ''The Marvellous Land of Snergs'' "was probably an unconscious source-book for the Hobbits"<ref name=annot/> and he told an interviewer that the word ''hobbit'' "might have been associated with Sinclair Lewis's ''Babbitt''" who enjoys the comforts of his home.

The name ''hobbit'' had previously appeared in an obscure "[[Wikipedia:Denham Tracts|list of spirits]]" by Michael Denham, which includes several repetitions. There is no evidence to suggest Tolkien used this as a source — indeed he spent many years trying to find out whether he really did coin the word. Denham's "hobbit spirits" (which are never referenced anywhere except in the long list) have no obvious relation to Tolkien's Hobbits, other than the name (which may possibly imply hob- "small"): Tolkien's Hobbits are small humans, not spirits. Nonetheless, some few people have suggested that the reference in the Denham list should invalidate the trademark.

== In popular usage ==

"Hobbit" is a trademark owned by the [[Middle-earth Enterprises]], as some of names, places and artifacts included in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. For this reason [[Dungeons and Dragons]] and other fantasy tend to refer to Hobbits and Hobbit-like races rather as '''Halflings''' (''hin'' in the Mystara universe, ''hurthlings'' in Ancient Domains of Mystery).

''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis Homo floresiensis]'', a possible species in the genus Homo (thus, related to humans) discovered in 2004, has been informally dubbed a "hobbit" by its discoverers due to its small size.

[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have noted that in depictions and adaptations such as [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Hobbits are shown with unusually large feet, a conception probably influenced by the widespread art of [[the Brothers Hildebrandt]]. However, Tolkien himself never mentioned that large feet was a general feature of Hobbits.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_printable;post=365823;guest=38267446|articlename=Big Feet|dated=|website=[http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?guest=35804230 The One Ring Forums]|accessed=2 September 2012}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbits| ]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/hobbits]]
[[de:Hobbits]]
[[fi:Hobitit]]

Hobbits

2014-06-04T17:59:26Z

Shadrak: /* Origin */

{{sources}}
{{expansion}}
{{disambig-more|Hobbits|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{race
| image= [[File:Inger Edelfeldt - A Long Expected Party.jpg|250px]]
| name= Hobbits
| dominions= [[The Shire]], [[Bree-land]]
| languages= [[Hobbitish]] (a regional dialect of [[Westron]])
| height= 2-4 ft or 0.6-1.2 m (often less than three feet in later days)
| skincolor= Nut-brown to White
| haircolor= Typically curly brown, rarely blond (until the [[Fourth Age]]), and white and grey in later years
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], diminuitive stature, furry feet
| lifespan= c. 96<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics.php|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=09-September-2012}}</ref>
| members= [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], [[Sméagol]], [[Bandobras Took]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]]
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[An Unexpected Party]]}}
'''Hobbits''' were a small race that typically dwelt underground, believed to be related to [[Men]]. They played little role in history, save during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Description and culture==
{{quote|There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly [[Eriador|West]]. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.|[[Thorin Oakenshield]]<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>}}
Hobbits were between two to four feet tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches, with short legs slightly pointed ears<ref>{{L|27}}</ref> and furry feet with leathery soles, resulting in most never wearing shoes. Early in their recorded history, Hobbits were divided in three kinds with different customs and temperament. The '''[[Stoors]]''' grew facial hair and had an affinity for water, boats and swimming and wore boots; the '''[[Fallohides]]''' were fair, tall and slim, an adventurous people, friendlier and more open to outsiders. Finally, the '''[[Harfoots]]''' were the most numerous and instituted the living in burrows. In later days the Harfoot traits became the "norm".

Hobbits had a life span somewhat longer than Men of non-[[Númenórean]] descent, averaging between 90 and 100 years. The time at which a young hobbit "came of age" was 33.<ref name=FRI1>{{FR|I1}}</ref> The two oldest-living recorded hobbits (except [[Gollum]]) were The [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]] (who reached the age of 130) and [[Bilbo Baggins]] (who surpassed 131).

Throughout their history Hobbits had showed unparelleled skill, courage and also endurance and resistance in times of danger and terror. During their [[Wandering Days]] Hobbits demostrated an easiness to adapt to the environments they visited and adopted the customs and languages of the peoples they were in contact with. In the Shire, they had settled with a closed and comfort-loving lifestyle; they were fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, smoking [[pipe-weed]], socializing and talking about genealogies. Hobbits also liked to drink ale in inns, and ate at least six meals a day when they could get them.

However, their hidden potentials resurfaced in difficult times; in the [[Long Winter]], [[Gandalf]] admired their uncomplaining courage and pity one for another, thanks to which they survived.<ref>{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Another example of Hobbitish hardiness and resistant nature, was [[Gollum]], who despite using the [[One Ring]] for years, did not transform into a [[Wraith]] by its evil power (unlike the [[Ringwraith|nine Mannish Kings]]).<ref>
{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|website=FAQ of the Rings|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q1-GollumWraith |articlename=Why hadn’t Gollum turned into a wraith long ago?}}</ref> These surprising Hobbit traits also were tested and proven during the [[Quest for Erebor]] and, most notably, the [[War of the Ring]].

==Origin==
[[File:Hobbits comparison.jpg|thumb|left|The three kinds of Hobbits]]
Hobbits were considered Men. Nearly all scholars agree that Men were closely related to Hobbits, far more closely than Men were to either [[Elves]] or [[Dwarves]]. It was thus commonly assumed that Hobbits were among the Younger [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and were the result of the same act of creation as Men. This would imply that Hobbits had the [[Gift of Men]] to pass entirely beyond [[Arda]].

It is supposed that Hobbits branched out from Men as a race in the [[Elder Days]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> Their exact origin is unknown and they come into the records not earlier than the early [[Third Age]] where they were living in the [[Vales of Anduin]] in [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[Misty Mountains]]. They have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of mankind. While they stayed there, the [[Northmen]] knew them. Their descendants, the [[Rohirrim]], had that memory of the ''[[holbytla]]n'' and they remained an object of lore until they contacted them during the War of the Ring. Many old words and names in "[[Hobbitish]]" are cognates of words in [[Rohirric]], so much so that even someone without linguistic training could make out the relation ([[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] would later write an entire book devoted to the relationship, ''[[Old Place Names in the Shire]]'').

==History==

[[File:Robin Wood - Mathom lore.jpg|thumb|Robin Wood - [[Mathom]] lore]]
While situated in the Valley of the Anduin River the Hobbits lived close by the Northmen. Some time near the beginning of the [[Third Age]], they undertook, for reasons unknown, but possibly having to do with the [[Dol Guldur|rising evil power in Mirkwood]], the arduous task of crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], beginning thus their '''[[Wandering Days]]'''. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that [[Gollum]] would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River [[Baranduin]] (which they renamed ''Brandywine'') and the [[Weather Hills]]. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.

Around the year {{TA|1600}}, two Fallohide brothers decided to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. Only [[Bree]] and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called [[The Shire]].

Originally the [[Hobbits of the Shire]] swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of [[Arnor]], being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against [[Angmar]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]], the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help but this is nowhere else recorded. After the battle the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king the Hobbits elected a [[Thain]] of the Shire from among their own chieftains.

The first Thain of the Shire was [[Bucca]] of the [[Marish]], who founded the Oldbuck family. However, later on the Oldbuck family crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of [[Buckland]] and the family name changed to the familiar "Brandybuck". Their patriarch then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the [[Oldbucks]]/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftains be Thain, the [[Took family]] (Indeed, [[Pippin Took]] was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of [[Shire Moot]] and Muster and the [[Hobbitry-in-Arms]], but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality.

==Some well-known Hobbits==
[[File:Lorraine Brevig - Frodo and Sam in Ithilien.jpg|thumb|Frodo and Sam]]
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise "Sam" Gamgee]]
* [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]]
* [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]]
* [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]]
* [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]]
* [[Bandobras Took|Bullroarer Took]]
* [[Sméagol]] (who became the creature [[Gollum]])
* [[Déagol]]

Though in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' it is mentioned that [[Gandalf]] "was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures," no female Hobbits are depicted in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s stories doing so; however Hobbit women do appear in his works, such as the formidable [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] and Sam's wife [[Rose Cotton|Rose Cotton]].

== Etymology ==
:''This section explains the fictional etymology of the word in the linguistic context of Middle-earth; for the actual origin of the word see the section [[#Inspiration]] below''.
''Hobbit'' was derived from [[Old English]] ''[[holbytla]]'', "hole-dweller" which represents the [[Rohirric]] language.<ref>{{HM|RW}}, p. 144</ref> In a letter, Tolkien commented on the pronounciation of the word ''hobbit'': "I am sure many hobbits drop their ''h''s like most rural folk in England".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Alina Dadlez (19 September 1962)]]" (letter); quoted in {{CG|RG}}, p. 1036</ref>

The relationship hobbit/holbytla parallels the original [[Westron]] ''[[Kuduk]]'' (Hobbit), derived from the actual Rohirric ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (holbytla, hole dweller). This name obviously derives from the times when the hobbits lived at the [[Vales of Anduin]] with the [[Northmen]].<ref name="Road">{{TT|III8}}</ref><ref name="Translation">{{App|F2}}</ref>

Hobbits were also called ''[[Halflings]]'' by the [[Dúnedain]], first when they still measured 2 [[ranga]]r tall; twice as high as a hobbit who would reach only 1 ranga. The word retained even when the later generations of Dúnedain became shorter. However, the term is slightly offensive to Hobbits, as to themselves they are not 'half' of anything, and certainly do not use the term to refer to themselves.{{fact}}

''Halfling'' represents a translation of [[Westron]] ''[[banakil]]''. In [[Quenya]] the word is ''[[periando]]'' and in [[Sindarin]] ''[[perian]]'' pl. ''periannath''.{{fact}}

*''See also: [[Wikipedia:Hobbit (word)]]''

==Inspiration==
{{quote|I am in fact a Hobbit (in all but size). I like gardens, trees and unmechanized farmlands; I smoke a pipe, and like good plain food [...]; I like, and even dare to wear in these dull days, ornamental waistcoats. I am fond of mushrooms (out of a field); have a very simple sense of humour [...]; I go to bed late and get up late [...]. I do not travel much.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|[[Letter 213]]}}

Tolkien's etymology for 'Hobbit' is interesting as well: the word obviously constructed meaningless as a spontaneous inspiration, without prior intent, but it would have been natural for him to see in it the German prefix ''hob'' meaning ''small'' (e.g. ''[[hobgoblin]]'', ''hobbledehoy'' and ''hobyah''). However this prefix dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards; thence when later he began to work out the language relations further (see: [[Mannish]]) he decided that it could be a derived form of an [[Old English]] word such as ''[[holbytla]]''.

According to Tolkien, the word ''hobbit'' came first, and then he decided to write ''[[The Hobbit]]'' around it. As a university lecturer, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribbling on a blank piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit", and the rest of the story sprang from that.<ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', p.172</ref> The idea of a little hole dwelling creature was introduced to Tolkien by one of his students in a story he had written.

It was revealed recently that the word pre-dated Tolkien's usage, though with a different meaning).<ref name="annot">{{HM|AH}}</ref> Tolkien's concept of hobbits, in turn, seems to have been inspired by Edward Wyke Smith's 1927 children's book ''[[Wikipedia:The Marvellous Land of Snergs|The Marvellous Land of Snergs]]'', and by Sinclair Lewis's 1922 novel ''[[Wikipedia:Babbitt (novel)|Babbitt]]''. Tolkien wrote to [[W.H. Auden]] that ''The Marvellous Land of Snergs'' "was probably an unconscious source-book for the Hobbits"<ref name=annot/> and he told an interviewer that the word ''hobbit'' "might have been associated with Sinclair Lewis's ''Babbitt''" who enjoys the comforts of his home.

The name ''hobbit'' had previously appeared in an obscure "[[Wikipedia:Denham Tracts|list of spirits]]" by Michael Denham, which includes several repetitions. There is no evidence to suggest Tolkien used this as a source — indeed he spent many years trying to find out whether he really did coin the word. Denham's "hobbit spirits" (which are never referenced anywhere except in the long list) have no obvious relation to Tolkien's Hobbits, other than the name (which may possibly imply hob- "small"): Tolkien's Hobbits are small humans, not spirits. Nonetheless, some few people have suggested that the reference in the Denham list should invalidate the trademark.

== In popular usage ==

"Hobbit" is a trademark owned by the [[Middle-earth Enterprises]], as some of names, places and artifacts included in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. For this reason [[Dungeons and Dragons]] and other fantasy tend to refer to Hobbits and Hobbit-like races rather as '''Halflings''' (''hin'' in the Mystara universe, ''hurthlings'' in Ancient Domains of Mystery).

''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis Homo floresiensis]'', a possible species in the genus Homo (thus, related to humans) discovered in 2004, has been informally dubbed a "hobbit" by its discoverers due to its small size.

[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have noted that in depictions and adaptations such as [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Hobbits are shown with unusually large feet, a conception probably influenced by the widespread art of [[the Brothers Hildebrandt]]. However, Tolkien himself never mentioned that large feet was a general feature of Hobbits.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_printable;post=365823;guest=38267446|articlename=Big Feet|dated=|website=[http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?guest=35804230 The One Ring Forums]|accessed=2 September 2012}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbits| ]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/hobbits]]
[[de:Hobbits]]
[[fi:Hobitit]]

Hobbits

2014-06-04T17:57:51Z

Shadrak: /* Origin */

{{sources}}
{{expansion}}
{{disambig-more|Hobbits|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{race
| image= [[File:Inger Edelfeldt - A Long Expected Party.jpg|250px]]
| name= Hobbits
| dominions= [[The Shire]], [[Bree-land]]
| languages= [[Hobbitish]] (a regional dialect of [[Westron]])
| height= 2-4 ft or 0.6-1.2 m (often less than three feet in later days)
| skincolor= Nut-brown to White
| haircolor= Typically curly brown, rarely blond (until the [[Fourth Age]]), and white and grey in later years
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], diminuitive stature, furry feet
| lifespan= c. 96<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics.php|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=09-September-2012}}</ref>
| members= [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], [[Sméagol]], [[Bandobras Took]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]]
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[An Unexpected Party]]}}
'''Hobbits''' were a small race that typically dwelt underground, believed to be related to [[Men]]. They played little role in history, save during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Description and culture==
{{quote|There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly [[Eriador|West]]. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.|[[Thorin Oakenshield]]<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>}}
Hobbits were between two to four feet tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches, with short legs slightly pointed ears<ref>{{L|27}}</ref> and furry feet with leathery soles, resulting in most never wearing shoes. Early in their recorded history, Hobbits were divided in three kinds with different customs and temperament. The '''[[Stoors]]''' grew facial hair and had an affinity for water, boats and swimming and wore boots; the '''[[Fallohides]]''' were fair, tall and slim, an adventurous people, friendlier and more open to outsiders. Finally, the '''[[Harfoots]]''' were the most numerous and instituted the living in burrows. In later days the Harfoot traits became the "norm".

Hobbits had a life span somewhat longer than Men of non-[[Númenórean]] descent, averaging between 90 and 100 years. The time at which a young hobbit "came of age" was 33.<ref name=FRI1>{{FR|I1}}</ref> The two oldest-living recorded hobbits (except [[Gollum]]) were The [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]] (who reached the age of 130) and [[Bilbo Baggins]] (who surpassed 131).

Throughout their history Hobbits had showed unparelleled skill, courage and also endurance and resistance in times of danger and terror. During their [[Wandering Days]] Hobbits demostrated an easiness to adapt to the environments they visited and adopted the customs and languages of the peoples they were in contact with. In the Shire, they had settled with a closed and comfort-loving lifestyle; they were fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, smoking [[pipe-weed]], socializing and talking about genealogies. Hobbits also liked to drink ale in inns, and ate at least six meals a day when they could get them.

However, their hidden potentials resurfaced in difficult times; in the [[Long Winter]], [[Gandalf]] admired their uncomplaining courage and pity one for another, thanks to which they survived.<ref>{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Another example of Hobbitish hardiness and resistant nature, was [[Gollum]], who despite using the [[One Ring]] for years, did not transform into a [[Wraith]] by its evil power (unlike the [[Ringwraith|nine Mannish Kings]]).<ref>
{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|website=FAQ of the Rings|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q1-GollumWraith |articlename=Why hadn’t Gollum turned into a wraith long ago?}}</ref> These surprising Hobbit traits also were tested and proven during the [[Quest for Erebor]] and, most notably, the [[War of the Ring]].

==Origin==
[[File:Hobbits comparison.jpg|thumb|left|The three kinds of Hobbits]]
Hobbits were considered Men. Nearly all scholars agree that Men were closely related to Hobbits, far more closely than Men were to either [[Elves]] or [[Dwarves]]. It was thus commonly assumed that Hobbits were among the Younger [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and were the result of the same act of creation as Men. This would imply that Hobbits had the [[Gift of Men]] to pass entirely beyond [[Arda]].

It is supposed that Hobbits branched out from Men as a race in the Elder Days.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> Their exact origin is unknown and they come into the records not earlier than the early [[Third Age]] where they were living in the [[Vales of Anduin]] in [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[Misty Mountains]]. They have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of mankind. While they stayed there, the [[Northmen]] knew them. Their descendants, the [[Rohirrim]], had that memory of the ''[[holbytla]]n'' and they remained an object of lore until they contacted them during the War of the Ring. Many old words and names in "[[Hobbitish]]" are cognates of words in [[Rohirric]], so much so that even someone without linguistic training could make out the relation ([[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] would later write an entire book devoted to the relationship, ''[[Old Place Names in the Shire]]'').

==History==

[[File:Robin Wood - Mathom lore.jpg|thumb|Robin Wood - [[Mathom]] lore]]
While situated in the Valley of the Anduin River the Hobbits lived close by the Northmen. Some time near the beginning of the [[Third Age]], they undertook, for reasons unknown, but possibly having to do with the [[Dol Guldur|rising evil power in Mirkwood]], the arduous task of crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], beginning thus their '''[[Wandering Days]]'''. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that [[Gollum]] would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River [[Baranduin]] (which they renamed ''Brandywine'') and the [[Weather Hills]]. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.

Around the year {{TA|1600}}, two Fallohide brothers decided to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. Only [[Bree]] and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called [[The Shire]].

Originally the [[Hobbits of the Shire]] swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of [[Arnor]], being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against [[Angmar]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]], the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help but this is nowhere else recorded. After the battle the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king the Hobbits elected a [[Thain]] of the Shire from among their own chieftains.

The first Thain of the Shire was [[Bucca]] of the [[Marish]], who founded the Oldbuck family. However, later on the Oldbuck family crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of [[Buckland]] and the family name changed to the familiar "Brandybuck". Their patriarch then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the [[Oldbucks]]/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftains be Thain, the [[Took family]] (Indeed, [[Pippin Took]] was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of [[Shire Moot]] and Muster and the [[Hobbitry-in-Arms]], but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality.

==Some well-known Hobbits==
[[File:Lorraine Brevig - Frodo and Sam in Ithilien.jpg|thumb|Frodo and Sam]]
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise "Sam" Gamgee]]
* [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]]
* [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]]
* [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]]
* [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]]
* [[Bandobras Took|Bullroarer Took]]
* [[Sméagol]] (who became the creature [[Gollum]])
* [[Déagol]]

Though in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' it is mentioned that [[Gandalf]] "was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures," no female Hobbits are depicted in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s stories doing so; however Hobbit women do appear in his works, such as the formidable [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] and Sam's wife [[Rose Cotton|Rose Cotton]].

== Etymology ==
:''This section explains the fictional etymology of the word in the linguistic context of Middle-earth; for the actual origin of the word see the section [[#Inspiration]] below''.
''Hobbit'' was derived from [[Old English]] ''[[holbytla]]'', "hole-dweller" which represents the [[Rohirric]] language.<ref>{{HM|RW}}, p. 144</ref> In a letter, Tolkien commented on the pronounciation of the word ''hobbit'': "I am sure many hobbits drop their ''h''s like most rural folk in England".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Alina Dadlez (19 September 1962)]]" (letter); quoted in {{CG|RG}}, p. 1036</ref>

The relationship hobbit/holbytla parallels the original [[Westron]] ''[[Kuduk]]'' (Hobbit), derived from the actual Rohirric ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (holbytla, hole dweller). This name obviously derives from the times when the hobbits lived at the [[Vales of Anduin]] with the [[Northmen]].<ref name="Road">{{TT|III8}}</ref><ref name="Translation">{{App|F2}}</ref>

Hobbits were also called ''[[Halflings]]'' by the [[Dúnedain]], first when they still measured 2 [[ranga]]r tall; twice as high as a hobbit who would reach only 1 ranga. The word retained even when the later generations of Dúnedain became shorter. However, the term is slightly offensive to Hobbits, as to themselves they are not 'half' of anything, and certainly do not use the term to refer to themselves.{{fact}}

''Halfling'' represents a translation of [[Westron]] ''[[banakil]]''. In [[Quenya]] the word is ''[[periando]]'' and in [[Sindarin]] ''[[perian]]'' pl. ''periannath''.{{fact}}

*''See also: [[Wikipedia:Hobbit (word)]]''

==Inspiration==
{{quote|I am in fact a Hobbit (in all but size). I like gardens, trees and unmechanized farmlands; I smoke a pipe, and like good plain food [...]; I like, and even dare to wear in these dull days, ornamental waistcoats. I am fond of mushrooms (out of a field); have a very simple sense of humour [...]; I go to bed late and get up late [...]. I do not travel much.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|[[Letter 213]]}}

Tolkien's etymology for 'Hobbit' is interesting as well: the word obviously constructed meaningless as a spontaneous inspiration, without prior intent, but it would have been natural for him to see in it the German prefix ''hob'' meaning ''small'' (e.g. ''[[hobgoblin]]'', ''hobbledehoy'' and ''hobyah''). However this prefix dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards; thence when later he began to work out the language relations further (see: [[Mannish]]) he decided that it could be a derived form of an [[Old English]] word such as ''[[holbytla]]''.

According to Tolkien, the word ''hobbit'' came first, and then he decided to write ''[[The Hobbit]]'' around it. As a university lecturer, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribbling on a blank piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit", and the rest of the story sprang from that.<ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', p.172</ref> The idea of a little hole dwelling creature was introduced to Tolkien by one of his students in a story he had written.

It was revealed recently that the word pre-dated Tolkien's usage, though with a different meaning).<ref name="annot">{{HM|AH}}</ref> Tolkien's concept of hobbits, in turn, seems to have been inspired by Edward Wyke Smith's 1927 children's book ''[[Wikipedia:The Marvellous Land of Snergs|The Marvellous Land of Snergs]]'', and by Sinclair Lewis's 1922 novel ''[[Wikipedia:Babbitt (novel)|Babbitt]]''. Tolkien wrote to [[W.H. Auden]] that ''The Marvellous Land of Snergs'' "was probably an unconscious source-book for the Hobbits"<ref name=annot/> and he told an interviewer that the word ''hobbit'' "might have been associated with Sinclair Lewis's ''Babbitt''" who enjoys the comforts of his home.

The name ''hobbit'' had previously appeared in an obscure "[[Wikipedia:Denham Tracts|list of spirits]]" by Michael Denham, which includes several repetitions. There is no evidence to suggest Tolkien used this as a source — indeed he spent many years trying to find out whether he really did coin the word. Denham's "hobbit spirits" (which are never referenced anywhere except in the long list) have no obvious relation to Tolkien's Hobbits, other than the name (which may possibly imply hob- "small"): Tolkien's Hobbits are small humans, not spirits. Nonetheless, some few people have suggested that the reference in the Denham list should invalidate the trademark.

== In popular usage ==

"Hobbit" is a trademark owned by the [[Middle-earth Enterprises]], as some of names, places and artifacts included in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. For this reason [[Dungeons and Dragons]] and other fantasy tend to refer to Hobbits and Hobbit-like races rather as '''Halflings''' (''hin'' in the Mystara universe, ''hurthlings'' in Ancient Domains of Mystery).

''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis Homo floresiensis]'', a possible species in the genus Homo (thus, related to humans) discovered in 2004, has been informally dubbed a "hobbit" by its discoverers due to its small size.

[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have noted that in depictions and adaptations such as [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Hobbits are shown with unusually large feet, a conception probably influenced by the widespread art of [[the Brothers Hildebrandt]]. However, Tolkien himself never mentioned that large feet was a general feature of Hobbits.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_printable;post=365823;guest=38267446|articlename=Big Feet|dated=|website=[http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?guest=35804230 The One Ring Forums]|accessed=2 September 2012}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbits| ]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/hobbits]]
[[de:Hobbits]]
[[fi:Hobitit]]

Girion

2014-06-03T17:40:10Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{men infobox
| image=[[File:Audrey Corman - Necklace of Girion.png|250px]]
| name=Girion
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=[[Lord of Dale]]
| location=[[Dale]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|2770}}
| deathlocation=[[Dale]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed child
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=[[Necklace of Girion|Necklace]]
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Girion''' (d. {{TA|2770}}<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>) was the last Lord of [[Dale]].
==History==
Girion was a [[Men of Dale|Man of Dale]] and became lord of the city. Not much can be said about his life and rule, other than he had a wife, and at least one son.

He possessed a [[Necklace of Girion|Necklace]] made of five hundred emeralds. When the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] forged a coat of dwarf-linked rings, presumably of [[mithril]], for his eldest son, Girion gave the necklace to the Dwarves as a payment.<ref>{{H|Inside}}</ref>

He witnessed the arrival of [[Smaug]] when the [[Dragons|Dragon]] assaulted Dale and the neighboring [[Dwarves|dwarf]] realm of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]. Girion was killed during that event but his wife and child escaped down the [[River Running]].<ref name="Fire">{{H|14}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Many years later, his descendant [[Bard]] was still living on [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]]. He took revenge upon the dragon by slaying him with [[Black Arrow|an arrow]].<ref name="Fire"/> His Necklace was found among the dragon's hoard.

==Etymology==
Although the names of Dale are [[Norse]], ''Girion'' seems to be a [[Sindarin]] name. The meaning is not clear but the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'' give a [[Noldorin]] [[Sundocarme|root]] GIR ("quiver, shudder"),<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 358</ref> which might be related.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Girion.jpg|thumb|left|Girion in ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'']]
'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Briefly seen in flashback to the [[Sack of Erebor]] in ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', Girion is portrayed by [[Luke Evans]], who also played Girion's decendant [[Bard]].<ref name=ComingSoon>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2013/12/09/84485-luke-evans-played-his-ancestor-girion-of-dale/ "Luke Evans played Bard’s ancestor, Girion of Dale"], theonering.net, 9 December 2013 (accessed 29 January 2014) </ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Rulers of Dale]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[de:Girion]]
[[fi:Girion]]

Girion

2014-06-03T17:39:26Z

Shadrak: /* History */

{{men infobox
| image=[[File:Audrey Corman - Necklace of Girion.png|250px]]
| name=Girion
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=[[Lord of Dale]]
| location=[[Dale]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|2770}}
| deathlocation=[[Dale]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=Unnamed wife
| children=Unnamed child
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=[[Necklace of Girion|Necklace]]
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Girion''' (d. {{TA|2770}}<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>) was the last Lord of [[Dale]].
==History==
Girion was a [[Men of Dale|Man of Dale]] and became lord of the city. Not much can be said about his life and rule, other than he had a wife, and at least one son.

He possessed a [[Necklace of Girion|Necklace]] made of five hundred emeralds. When the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] forged a coat of dwarf-linked rings, presumably of mithril,<ref>{{H|12}}</ref>
for his eldest son, Girion gave the necklace to the Dwarves as a payment.<ref>{{H|Inside}}</ref>

He witnessed the arrival of [[Smaug]] when the [[Dragons|Dragon]] assaulted Dale and the neighboring [[Dwarves|dwarf]] realm of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]. Girion was killed during that event but his wife and child escaped down the [[River Running]].<ref name="Fire">{{H|14}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Many years later, his descendant [[Bard]] was still living on [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]]. He took revenge upon the dragon by slaying him with [[Black Arrow|an arrow]].<ref name="Fire"/> His Necklace was found among the dragon's hoard.

==Etymology==
Although the names of Dale are [[Norse]], ''Girion'' seems to be a [[Sindarin]] name. The meaning is not clear but the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'' give a [[Noldorin]] [[Sundocarme|root]] GIR ("quiver, shudder"),<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 358</ref> which might be related.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Girion.jpg|thumb|left|Girion in ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'']]
'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Briefly seen in flashback to the [[Sack of Erebor]] in ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', Girion is portrayed by [[Luke Evans]], who also played Girion's decendant [[Bard]].<ref name=ComingSoon>[http://www.theonering.net/torwp/2013/12/09/84485-luke-evans-played-his-ancestor-girion-of-dale/ "Luke Evans played Bard’s ancestor, Girion of Dale"], theonering.net, 9 December 2013 (accessed 29 January 2014) </ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Rulers of Dale]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[de:Girion]]
[[fi:Girion]]

Morgoth's Ring

2014-06-02T19:52:02Z

Shadrak: /* Contents */

{{book
| title=Morgoth's Ring: The Later Silmarillion, Part One
| image=[[Image:Morgoth's Ring (hardcover).jpg|225px]]
| author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| editor=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
| illustrator=
| publisher=[[Allen and Unwin|Unwin Hyman]] (UK) [[Houghton Mifflin]] (US)
| date=[[23 September]] [[1993]] (UK) [[14 December]] [[1993]] (US)
| format=Hardcover
| pages=488
| isbn=
| series=[[The History of Middle-earth]]
| precededby=[[Sauron Defeated]]
| followedby=[[The War of the Jewels]]
}}
'''''Morgoth's Ring''''' is the tenth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', and the first of two volumes on the later development of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

==From the publisher==

The first of two companion volumes which documents the later writing of ''The Silmarillion'', Tolkien's epic tale of war.

After the ''The Lord of the Rings'' was at last achieved, J.R.R. Tolkien turned his attention once again to "the Matter of the Elder Days". The text of the Annals of Aman, the "Blessed Land" in the far West, is given in full; while in writings hitherto unknown is seen the nature of the problems that Tolkien explored in his later years, as new and radical ideas, portending upheaval in the old narratives, emerged at the heart of the mythology, and as the destinies of Men and Elves, mortals and immortals, became of central significance, together with a vastly enlarged perception of the evil of Melkor, the Shadow upon Arda. The second part of this history of the later ''Silmarillion'' is concerned with developments in the legends of Beleriand after the completion of ''The Lord of the Rings''.<ref>[http://www.harpercollins.co.uk/Titles/21950/morgoths-ring-christopher-tolkien-j-r-r-tolkien-9780261103009 Morgoth's Ring] at [http://www.harpercollins.co.uk/Pages/Home.aspx HarperCollins.co.uk] (accessed 27 August 2011)</ref>

===Contents===
# [[Ainulindalë]]
# [[The Annals of Aman]]
# [[The Later Quenta Silmarillion]]
##"The First Phase"
### "[[Of the Valar]]"
### "[[Of Valinor and the Two Trees]]"
### "[[Of the Coming of the Elves]]"
### "[[Of Thingol and Melian (Morgoth's Ring)|Of Thingol and Melian]]"
### "[[Of Eldanor and the Princes of the Eldalië]]"
### "[[Of the Silmarils and the Darkening of Valinor]]"
### "[[Of the Flight of the Noldor (Morgoth's Ring)|Of the Flight of the Noldor]]"
### "[[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor (Morgoth's Ring)|Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]"
##"The Second Phase"
### "[[The Valaquenta (Morgoth's Ring)|The Valaquenta]]"
### "[[The Earliest Version of the Story of Finwë and Míriel]]"
### "[[Laws and Customs Among the Eldar]]"
### "[[Later Versions of the Story of Finwë and Míriel]]"
### "[[Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor (Morgoth's Ring)|Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor]]"
### "[[Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor (Morgoth's Ring)|Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor]]"
### "[[Of the Darkening of Valinor (Morgoth's Ring)|Of the Darkening of Valinor]]"
### "[[Of the Rape of the Silmarils]]"
### "[[Of the Thieves' Quarrel]]"
# [[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]
# [[Myths Transformed]]

==Publication History and Image Gallery==

<gallery>
File:Morgoth's Ring (UH1993).png|[[1993]], [[Allen and Unwin|Unwin Hyman]] 1st ed.; hardcover; ISBN 0261103040
File:Morgoth's Ring (hardcover).jpg|[[1993]], [[Houghton Mifflin]]; hardcover; ISBN 0395680921
File:Morgoth's Ring (HC1994).png|[[1994]], [[HarperCollins]] 1st paperback ed.; ISBN 0261103008; Cover illustration by [[John Howe]]
File:Morgoth's Ring (HC2002).png|[[2002]], [[HarperCollins]]; ISBN 0261103008; Cover illustration by [[John Howe]]
File:Morgoth's Ring (HC2010).png|[[2010]], HarperCollins; reissue (print on demand), hardcover; ISBN 0-00-736534-9
</gallery>

==External links==

*[http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/gallery.php?subsection=69 Detailed publication history of UK editions at Tolkienbooks.net]

{{references}}
{{home}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Books by Christopher Tolkien]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[de:Morgoth's Ring]]
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/home10]]
[[fi:Morgoth's Ring]]

The Lost Road and Other Writings

2014-06-02T19:45:41Z

Shadrak: /* Contents */

{{book|
title=The Lost Road and Other Writings|
image=[[Image:The Lost Road and Other Writings.jpg|225px]]|
author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]]|
isbn=0395455197|
publisher=[[Unwin Hyman]] (UK) [[Houghton Mifflin]] (US)|
date=[[27 August]] [[1987]] (UK) [[30 November]] [[1987]] (US)|
format=Hardcover|
pages= 464|
amazon=http://www.amazon.com/Lost-Other-Writings-History-Middle-Earth/dp/0395455197|
amazonprice=$19.80
}}

'''''The Lost Road and Other Writings''''' is the fifth volume of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''. At the end of 1937, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] reluctantly set aside his work on the myths and heroic legends of Valinor and [[Middle-earth]] and began [[The Lord of the Rings]]. This fifth volume of [[The History of Middle-earth]] completes the examination of his writing up to that time. Later forms of The Annals of Valinor and The Annals of Beleriand had been composed, The Silmarillion was nearing completion in a greatly amplified form, and a new Map had been made. The legend of the Downfall of Numenor had entered the work, including those central ideas: the World Made Round and the Straight Path into the vanished West. Closely associated with this was the abandoned 'time-travel' story The Lost Road, linking the world of Numenor and [[Middle-earth]] with the legends of many other times and peoples. Also included in this volume is The Lhammas, an essay on the complex languages and dialects of [[Middle-earth]], and an 'etymological dictionary' containing an extensive account of Elvish vocabularies.

==Contents==
'''Part One: The Fall of Númenor and the Lost Road'''
# "[[The Early History of the Legend]]"
# "[[The Fall of Númenor]]"
# "[[The Lost Road]]"

'''Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings'''
# "[[The Texts and their Relations]]"
# "[[The Later Annals of Valinor]]"
# "[[The Later Annals of Beleriand]]"
# "[[The Ainulindalë]]"
# "[[The Lhammas]]"
# "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]"

'''Part Three'''
# "[[The Etymologies]]"

{{home}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lost Road and Other Writings}}
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Books by Christopher Tolkien]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

The Shaping of Middle-earth

2014-06-02T19:43:17Z

Shadrak: /* From the publisher */

{{book
|title=The Shaping of Middle-earth
|image=[[File:The Shaping of Middle-earth.jpg|225px]]
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
|editor=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
|publisherUK=[[Allen and Unwin|George Allen and Unwin]]
|publisherUS=[[Houghton Mifflin]]
|dateUK=[[21 August]] [[1986]]
|dateUS=[[14 November]] [[1986]]
|format=Hardcover
|pages= 400
|isbn=0395425018
}}
'''''The Shaping of Middle-earth''''' is the fourth volume of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''.

==Contents==
# "[[Prose Fragments Following the Lost Tales]]"
# "[[The Earliest 'Silmarillion']]"
# "[[The Quenta]]"
# "[[The First 'Silmarillion' Map]]"
# "[[The Ambarkanta]]"
# "[[The Earliest Annals of Valinor]]"
# "[[The Earliest Annals of Beleriand]]"

==From the publisher==
In this book, the shaping of the chronological and geographical structure of the legends of [[Middle-earth]] and [[Valinor]] is spread before us. We are introduced to the hitherto unknown [[Ambarkanta]] or 'Shape of the World', the only account ever given of the nature of the imagined [[Eä|Universe]], accompanied by maps and diagrams of the world before and after the cataclysms of The War of the Gods and the [[Downfall of Númenor]]. The first map of [[Beleriand]] is also reproduced and discussed. In [[The Earliest Annals of Valinor|The Annals of Valinor]] and [[Annals of Beleriand|The Annals of Beleriand]] we are shown how the chronology of the [[First Age]] was moulded; and the tale is told of [[Ælfwine]], the Englishman who voyaged into the [[Aman|True West]] and came to [[Tol Eressëa]], the [[Tol Eressëa|Lonely Isle]], where he learned the ancient history of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Also included are the original '[[The Silmarillion#Development of the text|Silmarillion]]' of 1926, and the [[Quenta Noldorinwa]] of 1930 - the only version of the myths and legends of the First Age that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] completed to their end.

{{home}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaping of Middle-earth}}
[[Category:Books by Christopher Tolkien]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Map books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

The Shaping of Middle-earth

2014-06-02T19:42:57Z

Shadrak: /* From the publisher */

{{book
|title=The Shaping of Middle-earth
|image=[[File:The Shaping of Middle-earth.jpg|225px]]
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
|editor=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
|publisherUK=[[Allen and Unwin|George Allen and Unwin]]
|publisherUS=[[Houghton Mifflin]]
|dateUK=[[21 August]] [[1986]]
|dateUS=[[14 November]] [[1986]]
|format=Hardcover
|pages= 400
|isbn=0395425018
}}
'''''The Shaping of Middle-earth''''' is the fourth volume of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''.

==Contents==
# "[[Prose Fragments Following the Lost Tales]]"
# "[[The Earliest 'Silmarillion']]"
# "[[The Quenta]]"
# "[[The First 'Silmarillion' Map]]"
# "[[The Ambarkanta]]"
# "[[The Earliest Annals of Valinor]]"
# "[[The Earliest Annals of Beleriand]]"

==From the publisher==
In this book, the shaping of the chronological and geographical structure of the legends of [[Middle-earth]] and [[Valinor]] is spread before us. We are introduced to the hitherto unknown [[Ambarkanta]] or 'Shape of the World', the only account ever given of the nature of the imagined [[Eä|Universe]], accompanied by maps and diagrams of the world before and after the cataclysms of The War of the Gods and the [[Downfall of Númenor]]. The first map of [[Beleriand]] is also reproduced and discussed. In [[The Earliest Annals of Valinor|The Annals of Valinor]] and [[The Annals of Beleriand|Annals of Beleriand]] we are shown how the chronology of the [[First Age]] was moulded; and the tale is told of [[Ælfwine]], the Englishman who voyaged into the [[Aman|True West]] and came to [[Tol Eressëa]], the [[Tol Eressëa|Lonely Isle]], where he learned the ancient history of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Also included are the original '[[The Silmarillion#Development of the text|Silmarillion]]' of 1926, and the [[Quenta Noldorinwa]] of 1930 - the only version of the myths and legends of the First Age that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] completed to their end.

{{home}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaping of Middle-earth}}
[[Category:Books by Christopher Tolkien]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Map books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

Sketch of the Mythology

2014-06-02T19:18:55Z

Shadrak:

The '''Sketch of the Mythology''' is the 'first' version of [[The Silmarillion]], written in [[1926]] by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

Origionally written as an outline to explain the background to the alliterative '[[Children of Hurin|The Children of Hurin]]' to Tolkien's old tutor and friend [[R.W. Reynolds]], it later became the basis from which all work on the [[Legendarium]] derived.

While only 28 pages long, the narrative in the Sketch advances a great deal from ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'', approaching the final form in most respects, albeit extremely condensed. It was superseded by the [[Quenta Noldorinwa]] in 1930.

[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]

Sketch of the Mythology

2014-06-02T19:18:22Z

Shadrak:

The '''Sketch of the Mythology''' is the 'first' version of [[The Silmarillion]], written in [[1926]] by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

Origionally written as an outline to explain the background to the alliterative '[[Children of Hurin (alliterative)|The Children of Hurin]]' to Tolkien's old tutor and friend [[R.W. Reynolds]], it later became the basis from which all work on the [[Legendarium]] derived.

While only 28 pages long, the narrative in the Sketch advances a great deal from ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'', approaching the final form in most respects, albeit extremely condensed. It was superseded by the [[Quenta Noldorinwa]] in 1930.

[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]

Glittering Caves

2014-06-02T19:04:28Z

Shadrak: /* War of the Ring */

{{location
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Glittering Caves of Aglarond.jpg|250px]]
| name=Glittering Caves
| type=Cave/Colony
| location=[[White Mountains]]
| inhabitants=[[Rohirrim]] refugees, later [[Dwarves]]
| realms=
| description=Jewelled caverns
| othernames=[[Aglarond]]
| etymology=
| events=[[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]]
| references=
}}
The '''Glittering Caves''', also called '''Aglarond''', were the spectacular jewelled caverns that lay in the [[White Mountains]] behind [[Helm's Deep]] in [[Rohan]].

==Overview==
The Glittering Caves were located behind [[Helm's Deep]] under the three peaks of the [[Thrihyrne]] in the northwestern arm of the [[White Mountains]]. [[Gimli]] called the Glittering Caves one of the marvels of the Northern World. Reportedly, Legolas was left speechless after visiting them, one of the few times that a dwarf has bested an elf with words. The Glittering Caves extended deep under the mountains, with many passages, stairs, halls, and chambers. The floors were sandy and the ceilings were high, domed vaults. The walls were polished stone set with gems and crystals and veins of ore.<ref>{{TT|III8}}</ref>

==History==
Aglarond was founded during the Second Age by [[Númenóreans]], although it is unclear exactly when and by whom.<ref>{{S|V}},p. 291</ref>

===War of the Ring===
During the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] on [[3 March|3]]-[[4 March]], {{TA|3019}}, many of the women, children, and elderly people of the [[Westfold]] took refuge in the Glittering Caves. Livestock and food were stored there as well. The entrance to the caves was behind the [[Deeping Wall]] in a narrow gorge that could be defended long against an onslaught.

Some [[Orcs]] crept through a culvert in the Deeping Wall and entered the gorge but were killed or driven back by the defenders. Then the Deeping Wall was breached by an explosive device and the Enemy forces entered the Deep. Many of the [[Rohirrim]] including [[Éomer]] were driven back to the Glittering Caves, and with them was Gimli.<ref>{{TT|III7}}</ref>

After the war Gimli brought [[Legolas]] to see the caves; the Elf was so impressed that he was silent and said that only Gimli could fittingly describe them.<ref>{{RK|VI6}}</ref>

===As a Dwarven colony===
[[File:Lomehir-Glittering Caves.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The Dwarven Colony at the Glittering Caves]]

When [[Gimli|Gimli Elf-friend]] was held up in the caves, he was amazed by their beauty. After the [[War of the Ring]] he brought from [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] part of [[Durin's Folk]] and founded a [[Dwarf realms|colony]] in the caves, becoming the first [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]]. The Dwarves of the Glittering Caves carefully tended the stone walls and opened new ways and chambers and hung lamps that filled the caverns with light. The Glittering Caves became one of the most important realms of the [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Aglarond'' is [[Sindarin]] and contains the elements [[aglar]]+[[rond]], therefore "caves of glory". However since the word ''aglar'' is related to ''light'', the [[Westron]] "Glittering Caves" can be the exact translation.

The Rohirrim called them ''[[Glæmscrafu]]''<ref>{{UT|Isen}}, Appendix (ii)</ref> or '''Caverns of Helm's Deep'''.

==Inspiration==
The Glittering Caves are one of very few locations in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s work that are associated with a real place. They were inspired by the [[wikipedia:Cheddar Gorge and Caves|Cheddar Gorge]] in [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]].<ref>{{L|321}}</ref>

{{References}}

[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]

[[de:Aglarond]]
[[fi:Aglarond]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:montagnes_blanches:cavernes_etincelantes]]

Glittering Caves

2014-06-02T19:03:33Z

Shadrak: /* War of the Ring */

{{location
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Glittering Caves of Aglarond.jpg|250px]]
| name=Glittering Caves
| type=Cave/Colony
| location=[[White Mountains]]
| inhabitants=[[Rohirrim]] refugees, later [[Dwarves]]
| realms=
| description=Jewelled caverns
| othernames=[[Aglarond]]
| etymology=
| events=[[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]]
| references=
}}
The '''Glittering Caves''', also called '''Aglarond''', were the spectacular jewelled caverns that lay in the [[White Mountains]] behind [[Helm's Deep]] in [[Rohan]].

==Overview==
The Glittering Caves were located behind [[Helm's Deep]] under the three peaks of the [[Thrihyrne]] in the northwestern arm of the [[White Mountains]]. [[Gimli]] called the Glittering Caves one of the marvels of the Northern World. Reportedly, Legolas was left speechless after visiting them, one of the few times that a dwarf has bested an elf with words. The Glittering Caves extended deep under the mountains, with many passages, stairs, halls, and chambers. The floors were sandy and the ceilings were high, domed vaults. The walls were polished stone set with gems and crystals and veins of ore.<ref>{{TT|III8}}</ref>

==History==
Aglarond was founded during the Second Age by [[Númenóreans]], although it is unclear exactly when and by whom.<ref>{{S|V}},p. 291</ref>

===War of the Ring===
During the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] on [[3 March|3]]-[[4 March]], {{TA|3019}}, many of the women, children, and elderly people of the [[Westfold]] took refuge in the Glittering Caves. Livestock and food were stored there as well. The entrance to the caves was behind the [[Deeping Wall]] in a narrow gorge that could be defended long against an onslaught.

Some [[Orcs]] crept through a culvert in the Deeping-wall and entered the gorge but were killed or driven back by the defenders. Then the Deeping-wall was breached by an explosive device and the Enemy forces entered the Deep. Many of the [[Rohirrim]] including [[Éomer]] were driven back to the Glittering Caves, and with them was Gimli.<ref>{{TT|III7}}</ref>

After the war Gimli brought [[Legolas]] to see the caves; the Elf was so impressed that he was silent and said that only Gimli could fittingly describe them.<ref>{{RK|VI6}}</ref>

===As a Dwarven colony===
[[File:Lomehir-Glittering Caves.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The Dwarven Colony at the Glittering Caves]]

When [[Gimli|Gimli Elf-friend]] was held up in the caves, he was amazed by their beauty. After the [[War of the Ring]] he brought from [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] part of [[Durin's Folk]] and founded a [[Dwarf realms|colony]] in the caves, becoming the first [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]]. The Dwarves of the Glittering Caves carefully tended the stone walls and opened new ways and chambers and hung lamps that filled the caverns with light. The Glittering Caves became one of the most important realms of the [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Aglarond'' is [[Sindarin]] and contains the elements [[aglar]]+[[rond]], therefore "caves of glory". However since the word ''aglar'' is related to ''light'', the [[Westron]] "Glittering Caves" can be the exact translation.

The Rohirrim called them ''[[Glæmscrafu]]''<ref>{{UT|Isen}}, Appendix (ii)</ref> or '''Caverns of Helm's Deep'''.

==Inspiration==
The Glittering Caves are one of very few locations in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s work that are associated with a real place. They were inspired by the [[wikipedia:Cheddar Gorge and Caves|Cheddar Gorge]] in [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]].<ref>{{L|321}}</ref>

{{References}}

[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]

[[de:Aglarond]]
[[fi:Aglarond]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:montagnes_blanches:cavernes_etincelantes]]

First War

2014-05-30T19:42:22Z

Shadrak: /* The First Conflict */

==The First Conflict==
{{war
| previous= None
| next=[[War for Sake of the Elves]]
| image=[[Image:Primordial_arda.jpg|300px]]
| name=First War with Melkor
| place=All of Arda
| result=Victory for the [[Valar]], Formation of [[Arda]]
| battles=Many and various
| begin= [[Valian Year 1|VY 1]]
| end= [[Valian Year 1499|VY 1499]]
| side1=Valar and Maiar of Arda
| side2=Melkor
| commanders1=[[Image:FirstdawnoftheSun_Taniquetil_cropped-TNasmith.jpg|35px]] [[Oromë]]
* [[Tulkas]]
| commanders2={{morgoth blazon}}
}}

Before Arda was fully formed and any being dwelt there, Melkor tried to frustrate the purpose of Ilúvatar. During the early [[Valian Years]], [[Morgoth|Melkor]] battled the other [[Valar]] and marred [[Arda]] during its formation. This was the titanic First War against [[Morgoth|Melkor]] where he struggled to undo the work of the Valar, demolishing mountains they created, raising up valleys they brought into existence, and spilling seas they had carved. This titanic conflict occurred in prehistory, and the [[Elves]] knew only what the Powers told them of it. This duel was for nothing less than dominion over [[Arda]], and much was at stake. The battles fought were unnamed, but numerous. Melkor prevailed for ages, and then at last came a Vala from the far heaven he could not challenge. This was [[Tulkas]] the Strong, and he quickly drove Melkor from Arda, into the [[Void|Outer Darkness]]. It was at this point that Aulë created the two Lamps for the illumination of all Middle Earth. The Valar set them upon high pillars-- [[Illuin]] in the north, and [[Ormal]] in the south. These [[Two Lamps|Lamps]] of the Valar filled all of Arda with light. It was then that the seeds [[Yavanna]] had planted sprouted and took root, and the earth was filled with plants from mosses to large trees. <ref>{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Elder Days]]
[[de:Erster Krieg]]
[[fi:Ensimmäinen Sota]]