Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

-lva

2026-04-23T12:00:31Z

Unireverse: Removed two links

'''''-lva''''' is a pronominal ending in [[Quenya]] meaning "our", of two persons where one addresses the other.<ref>{{L|205|2}}</ref> Only attested in the genitive '''''-lvo''''' in the word '''omentielvo'''. For this reason it has been argued{{who}} that the ending may actually be *''-lwa'', since there is some evidence that '''wo''' would change to '''vo''' in Quenya and the '''w''' of *'''-lwa''' could be derived from the dual ending ''[[-u]]''.{{fact}}

==See also==
*''[[-lma]]''

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:lva}}
[[Category:Quenya suffixes]]

-lma

2026-04-23T11:58:04Z

Unireverse: Added some extra information

'''''-lma''''' pronominal [[Quenya]] ending meaning "our", attested (with the genitive ending ''[[-o]]'' that displaces final ''-a'') in the word ''omentielmo'' "of our meeting". This "our" is plural inclusive.

[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] (it seems) improperly used it in the greeting "a star shines on the hour of our meeting": since he and the Elf he was speaking to constituted only two persons, he should have used the ''dual'' inclusive instead. The mistake (which was corrected in the second edition) is now widely regarded as a typo. The correct form '''omentielvo''' occurs in some of the manuscripts of the Red Book.<ref>{{L|205|2}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:lma}}
[[Category:Quenya suffixes]]

Talk:The Bovadium Fragments: together with The Origin of Bovadium

2026-04-16T13:57:09Z

Unireverse: Nothing usefull

==Possible pun?==

Is it possible that “periculum morris” was a deliberate pun? —[[User:NotACat|NotACat]] ([[User talk:NotACat|talk]]) 10:50, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yes, its definitely a possibility because of the impact that Morris Motors had upon Oxford. And although the company significantly boosted employment, stimulated economic growth, and contributed to the city’s urban expansion, Tolkien definitely still saw its negative impact primarily, with the loss of a significant amount of its quietude and natural beauty being too high a cost for the industrialisation process.
:On the other hand, it ''could'' have just been a typo.
{{User:Unireverse/sig}} 13:56, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

Talk:The Bovadium Fragments: together with The Origin of Bovadium

2026-04-16T13:56:00Z

Unireverse: /* Possible pun? */ Reply

==Possible pun?==

Is it possible that “periculum morris” was a deliberate pun? —[[User:NotACat|NotACat]] ([[User talk:NotACat|talk]]) 10:50, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yes, its definitely a possibility because of the impact that Morris Motors had upon Oxford. And although the company significantly boosted employment, stimulated economic growth, and contributed to the city’s urban expansion, Tolkien definitely still saw its negative impact primarily, with the loss of a significant amount of its quietude and natural beauty being too high a cost for the industrialisation process.
:On the other hand, it ''could'' have just been a typo. {{User:Unireverse/sig}} 13:56, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

Bilbo Baggins

2026-04-14T16:38:52Z

Unireverse: Please revert this is you deem that this title does not constitute as a title fully because of the improperness of the situation when Biblo receives it.

{{short description|Finder of the One Ring and Ring-bearer}}{{header image|shire}}
{{disambig-two|Bilbo Baggins|tenth child and fifth son of [[Samwise Gamgee]]|[[Bilbo Gardner]]}}
{{infobox character
| name=Bilbo Baggins
| people=[[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| image=Mike Szabados - Bilbo Baggins.jpg
| caption="Bilbo Baggins" by Mike Szabados.
| pronun=
| othernames=''See [[#Other names|below]]''
| titles=[[The Magnificent]]
| position=Burglar, [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]
| location=[[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]] [[Rivendell]] [[Tol Eressëa]]
| affiliation=[[Thorin and Company]]
| language=[[Westron]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=[[22 September]], {{TA|2890}}<ref name="TA">{{App|B2}}</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=131
| notablefor= [[Quest of Erebor|The Quest of Erebor]] Recovering the [[One Ring]]
| family=[[Baggins Family|Baggins]]
| parentage=[[Bungo Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]]<ref name="TA"/>
| siblings=
| spouse=Never married
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=Between 3' and 3'6<nowiki>''</nowiki>
| hair=Brown, later White
| eyes=
| clothing=Green velvet breeches, red or yellow waistcoat (with brass/gold buttons), brown or green jacket, dark green hood and cloak, [[mithril coat]], boots<ref name="Letter27">{{L|27}}</ref>
| weapons=[[Sting]]
| steed=
}}
<center>{{Quote|Bilbo was very rich and very peculiar, and had been the wonder of the Shire for sixty years, ever since his remarkable disappearance and unexpected return.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[A Long-expected Party]]"}}</center>
'''Bilbo Baggins''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who lived in [[The Shire]] during the final years of the [[Third Age]]. His adventure with the dwarves [[Thorin]] and [[Thorin and Company|Company]] earned him a fortune, and brought the [[One Ring]] of [[Sauron]] back into knowledge.

==Personality==
Before his adventures, Bilbo was considered a very prim and respectable Hobbit for his polite disposition and aversion to anything out of the ordinary. He had strict culinary and hygienic principles, being often less than thrilled with the rough conditions of travel at first. But, being the son of [[Bungo Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]], Bilbo had blood from two important Hobbit families, the [[Baggins Family|Bagginses]] and the [[Took Family|Tooks]]. Because of his adventurous "Tookish side" (which sometimes conflicted with his stay-at-home "Baggins side"), Baggins was rather restless and "strange" for a Hobbit. After his return from Erebor, he was regarded much less fondly than before by his fellow Hobbits, but paid them no mind. Though considering himself happily retired from adventures, he often left his home for many days to meet with old friends and strangers, including [[Dwarves]].

Bilbo was noteworthy as the first [[Ring-bearers|ring-bearer]] in the history of [[Middle-earth]] to give up [[the One Ring]] voluntarily; he surrendered the ring to [[Frodo Baggins]] at [[Gandalf]]'s request.

==History==
===Early life===
[[File:Miriam Ellis - The Old Took’s Fireworks, Midsummer’s Eve, 1301.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Bilbo and [[Drogo Baggins]] frolic at one of [[Gandalf]]'s fireworks shows - Art by [[Miriam Ellis]]]]
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Sketch of Bilbo Baggins.png|thumb|120px|Sketch of Bilbo Baggins by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]
Bilbo Baggins was born on [[September 22]] by [[Shire Reckoning]],<ref group="note">How the date of Bilbo's (and Frodo's) birthday corresponds with our calendar is a matter of debate. [[Appendix D]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' says that our New Year's Day (January 1) corresponds "more or less" to the Shire's "January 9", and in standard years our September 14 and the Shire's "September 22" both fall 256 days after that date. However, Appendix D also says that the Shire calendar's "[[Midyear's Day]]" is "intended to correspond as nearly as possible to the summer solstice." In the Shire calendar, "September" ([[Halimath]]) 22 is 83 days after Midyear's Day. If we take the summer solstice to be our June 21, then Bilbo's and Frodo's birthday must be 83 days later, which is our September 12.</ref> in the year {{TA|2890|n}} of the [[Third Age]], the son of [[Bungo Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]]. He was a grandson of the [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]].<ref name="TA" /><ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[The Return Journey]]"</ref>

During his youth, Bilbo attended several parties during which he loved to listen to [[Gandalf]]'s stories<ref name="Erebor">{{UT|9}}</ref> about [[Dragons]], [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]] and princesses and was impressed by the Wizard's fireworks. Bilbo also saw the [[Fell Winter]], and was the last hobbit by the End of the Third Age to remember it. His role in the Winter is unknown. After the death of his parents, respectively in {{TA|2926}} and {{TA|2934}}, he inherited [[Bag End]]. In the eyes of his neighbours, he originally seemed just like his father, a solid, sensible, unadventurous and respectable hobbit.<ref name="Party">{{H|1}}</ref> But when becoming older he started to become "strange" and often left his home for many days to meet with strangers, including [[Dwarves]].

Eventually, Gandalf came to believe that Bilbo was the ideal person for an important task he had at hand, for Bilbo was both small-sized and adventurous. Gandalf came to the Shire to visit him in {{TA|2941}} but he had disappeared again because of [[Yestarë|Elven new year]].<ref name="Erebor" />

===Quest of Erebor===
[[File:The Brothers Hildebrandt - An Unexpected Party.jpg|thumb|left|"An Unexpected Party" by [[The Brothers Hildebrandt]]]]
Gandalf managed to address him on a morning, while he sat outside his hobbit-hole. He reluctantly asked Gandalf for [[tea]] next day. Indeed Gandalf came back, bringing [[Thorin and Company|thirteen Dwarves]] with him. First came [[Dwalin]], followed by [[Balin]], next were [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], then [[Dori]], [[Nori]], [[Ori]], [[Óin]] and [[Glóin]], and at last [[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], [[Bombur]], [[Thorin]] and Gandalf. The Dwarves remained in Bag End for supper and afterwards [[Far over the misty mountains cold|sang a song]] about the [[Sack of Erebor]] and explained the reasons for their unannounced coming: the Dwarves were planning [[Quest of Erebor|a quest]] to reclaim the [[Lonely Mountain]] (and its sizable hoard) from the Dragon [[Smaug]]; or, failing this, to at least recover a sizable amount of treasure from the dragon. Gandalf had volunteered Bilbo to be the company's burglar in order to accomplish these goals. Even with the Dwarves' protests and Bilbo's feeble objections, Gandalf convinced [[Thorin]] that Bilbo was the right person. Thus the Hobbit became the fourteenth member of [[Thorin and Company|the Company]] which left the Shire in {{TA|2941}}.<ref name="Party" /> Bilbo's initial task was to steal as much treasure from Smaug's hoard as possible, as well as recover lost family heirlooms. However, Gandalf's foreboding shows that he instinctively knew that Bilbo's presence would be essential in bringing about Smaug's death and restoring the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]].<ref name="Erebor" />
====Across Eriador====
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Trolls (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|right|thumb|''The Trolls'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]
The next day, after assembling at the [[Green Dragon]], the company's journey to the Lonely Mountain began. Thorin and company travelled through the [[Lone-lands]] along high hills and beside castles. After approximately one month, Gandalf disappeared. Oín and Gloín failed to make a fire during a rainy night, and Balin spotted a fire in the distance, which was rare in those regions, and sent Bilbo to investigate.

Bilbo saw three [[Trolls]] when he approached the campfire. He tried to steal one of the Trolls' money purses but was discovered and captured by [[William]], one of the trolls. He escaped the trolls but was helpless to prevent all the dwarves from being captured when they came looking for him. Gandalf, however, came in the nick of time and saved them all by imitating the Trolls' voices. This led to an argument between the Trolls, who argued until dawn, when the sun turned the Trolls to stone. Upon discovery of a troll cave, Gandalf and Thorin took two fine elvish swords from the Trolls' treasure. Bilbo discovered a small elvish blade, no longer than a small knife in size.<ref>{{H|2}}</ref> He kept it with him for the rest of his adventure, wearing it inside his breeches.<ref name="Riddles" />

In June they came to [[Rivendell]]. During their visit Bilbo met [[Elrond]], and became enchanted with the [[Elves]]. On midsummer eve Elrond inspected the swords of Thorin and Gandalf, and looked at [[Thrór's Map]]. Elrond explained that the swords were forged in [[Gondolin]] and were named [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]]. When inspecting the map Elrond found Moon letters that spoke of the [[Back Door|back door of Erebor]], which read:<ref name="ReferenceA">{{H|3}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks, and the setting sun with the last light of Durin's Day will shine upon the keyhole.|{{H|3}}}}

====Over the Misty Mountains====
[[File:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Expulsion'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]
The next day the company left Rivendell<ref name="ReferenceA" /> and found, with Elrond's advice, the correct way over the [[Misty Mountains]], the [[High Pass]]. During a stormy night, the company took shelter in a dry cave. When everybody was sleeping, [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]] appeared and took their ponies to [[Goblin-town]]. At this moment Bilbo woke up and after seeing that the ponies had disappeared, yelled. Goblins swarmed the cave and captured Bilbo and the dwarves. But thanks to Bilbo's yell, Gandalf awakened in time and avoided capture. Bilbo and the dwarves were brought before the [[Great Goblin]]. When he saw Thorin's sword, Orcrist, he was enraged and wanted to kill Thorin and his companions. But Gandalf came in time to save them and killed the Great Goblin. While escaping, Bilbo was carried by Dori. But when a goblin attacked Dori, he dropped Bilbo.<ref>{{H|4}}</ref>
[[File:Daniel Govar - Riddles in the Dark.jpg|thumb|150px|left|"Riddles in the Dark" by [[Daniel Govar]]]]
When Bilbo's consciousness returned he picked up a strange [[The One Ring|golden ring]]. After wandering through the dark passages he came to the lake of [[Gollum]]. Gollum, desiring to eat the hobbit but not willing to face his blade, engaged in a riddle contest. If Bilbo won, according to the predetermined rules, Gollum would lead him to safety. If Gollum won, Bilbo would allow himself to be eaten. As Bilbo saw no other way to escape, he agreed with Gollum's proposal.<ref name="Riddles">{{H|5}}</ref>
[[File:Cor Blok - The Game of Riddles.jpg|thumb|"[[Riddle-game|The Game of Riddles]]" by [[Cor Blok]]]]
Bilbo won the contest by accident, wondering out loud as he fingered the ring he had picked up, "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum mistook this for a question, and Bilbo decided to stick to it. Gollum lost, but went back to his little island to take the ring Bilbo had picked up (as it was a magic ring) to turn himself invisible and kill the hobbit anyway. But of course the ring was not there, and Gollum, enraged, suddenly guessed that Bilbo had it. He chased Bilbo, but Bilbo unwittingly used the ring and escaped his notice. Gollum led Bilbo to the eastern door of the goblin-tunnels, through which Bilbo departed in safety.<ref name="Riddles" /> Soon after leaving the caves Bilbo found his companions and used the Ring to slip past Balin, the look-out. [[Balin]] was very impressed that he hadn't noticed Bilbo and his reputation among the dwarves increased. Bilbo told Gandalf and the dwarves about his encounter with Gollum and his escape, but he said nothing of the ring. Thus he rejoined his fellow adventurers.<ref name="Pan">{{H|6}}</ref>

The company had not journeyed long when they heard the howl of a [[Wargs|Warg]]. On Gandalf's order they climbed in a group of trees. Bilbo, however, was not able to climb in one of the trees:<ref name="Pan" />
{{blockquote|He could not get into any tree, and was scuttling about from trunk to trunk, like a rabbit that has lost its hole and has a dog after it.|{{H|6}}}}
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Bilbo woke with the early sun in his eyes.jpg|thumb|"Bilbo woke with the early sun in his eyes" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]
With the help of Dori, Bilbo managed to climb in one of the trees. Immediately thereafter, hundreds of Wargs arrived. Gandalf kept them at bay with pyrotechnical pinecones, but eventually goblins came and set the trees on fire. Even Gandalf had begun to despair when the [[Eagles]] of [[Gwaihir]] came to rescue them, taking Bilbo last. The Eagles brought them first to [[Eagle's Eyrie|a wide shelf of rock on the mountain-side]], where they spent the night,<ref name="Pan" /> and then to the [[Carrock]].<ref name="Queer">{{H|7}}</ref> Bilbo did not enjoy his experience being carried by his rescuers, apparently suffering from a fear of heights.<ref name="Pan" />

====Across Wilderland====
From the Carrock they came to [[Beorn]]'s [[Beorn's Hall|Hall]]. Gandalf took only Bilbo at first, but with a story introduced the dwarves in pairs of two, convincing Beorn to invite them for dinner. Bilbo slept uneasily, fearing to be killed by Beorn, while the company spent the night in Beorn's hall. They remained in Beorn's hall, while Beorn had disappeared, for the next two days. On the third day of their stay Beorn returned and gave them mounts, bows, and stocks. He also provided them with council for their coming journey. They departed Beorn's house and travelled three days before they arrived at the edge of [[Mirkwood]]. Bilbo alone (and perhaps Gandalf) noticed that a bear still followed them. At the edge of Mirkwood they returned the ponies, and Gandalf said farewell to Bilbo and the Dwarves. Bilbo was saddened by Gandalf's parting.<ref name="Queer" />

After many days' journey the company came to the [[Enchanted River]]. Bilbo noted that there was a boat at the other shore. Fíli threw an iron hook to grapple the boat and pulled it across the river toward them. The company crossed the river in pairs. While crossing the river, Bombur fell in. They rescued him, but he was asleep because of the river's magic and had to be carried on a litter. Eventually, the dwarves started to give up hope and sent Bilbo to climb a tree midway through the wood. Bilbo declared he could see only trees, not realising they were at the bottom of a bowl formation. Giving up hope, the company noticed campfires of the feasting [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]] and, despite the warnings of Beorn and Gandalf, they left the [[Old Forest Road|road]] to contact the elves. However, whenever the company tried to contact them, they extinguished the fires, leaving a complete darkness in the forest, and disappeared suddenly. Thrice the dwarves tried to contact the Elves but all of their attempts failed. After their third attempt Bilbo lost his companions.<ref name="Flies">{{H|8}}</ref>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Butterflies Above Mirkwood.jpg|thumb|"[[Butterflies]] above [[Mirkwood]]" by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Later, a [[Spiders|spider]] attacked Bilbo, who had fallen asleep. Bilbo woke up in time to defend himself with his little blade. He named his blade ''[[Sting]]'' after his first kill. Bilbo discovered that his companions had been captured by the spiders and stowed in their webs. Calling the spiders' names, he lured them away (with [[The One Ring|his ring]]) and came back to rescue the Dwarves. When the spiders returned, the dwarves fought them in a long battle. Eventually, the company won with no serious injuries, but found out that Thorin was missing. Unknown to Bilbo and the other Dwarves, he had been captured by the Wood-elves whose feasts they had interrupted.<ref name="Flies" /> Shortly after the fight with the spiders the remaining members of the company were also captured and brought before [[Thranduil]], king of Mirkwood. Bilbo, with his ring, escaped notice and thus capture. He followed the elves into the [[Elvenking's Halls]], where the dwarves refused to tell their errand to Thranduil and were locked up.<ref name="Barrels">{{H|9}}</ref>

[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves (II).jpg|200px|thumb|"Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]
Later, exploring the elven halls with the aid of his magic ring, Bilbo discovered that Thorin was also captured by Thranduil and devised a plan for the dwarves to escape. One day, [[Galion]] (Thranduil's butler) and the head of the guard, were drunk, and Bilbo was able to steal the keys. He freed the Dwarves from their cells and packed them in barrels. His plan worked, with the dwarves being packed and launched into the [[Forest River]]. Poor Bilbo was forced to cling to the barrels, invisible, and grew cold and wet.<ref name="Barrels" />

{{blockquote|He came up again spluttering and clinging to the wood like a rat, but for all his efforts he could not scramble on top. Every time he tried, the barrel rolled round and ducked him under again. It was really empty, and floated light as a cork. Though his ears were full of water, he could hear the elves still singing in the cellar above.|{{H|9}}}}

Upon reaching the [[Long Lake]], Bilbo, with the aid of Thorin, Fili and Kili, searched for the barrels with Dwarves and freed them. They then went to [[Lake-town]], where they received a warm welcome. The [[Master of Lake-town]] invited Thorin and his companions to the feast he'd organised. Despite the feigned hospitality of the [[Master of Lake-town]] and his people Bilbo had an awful cold and could hardly say anything during the banquet. The company stayed two weeks in Lake-town. They were given new ponies and provisions for many days, and they were brought, by boat, to the northern tip of the Long Lake.<ref>{{H|10}}</ref>

====Encounter with the Dragon====
On their way again, the party came to the [[Lonely Mountain]] when autumn waned. Thorin sent Balin, Fíli, Kíli and Bilbo to spy the [[Front Gate]]. Bilbo saw smoke coming out of the front gate, which made the party assume that Smaug was still alive. They returned to their camp and at Bilbo's suggestion they started to search for the [[Back Door]] at the western slopes of the Lonely Mountain. Eventually, the company discovered the back door. But none of them were able to open it, and Bilbo sat for days on the doorstep, thinking. Soon the dwarves began to grumble about the hobbit, but Bilbo finally solved the riddle of the thrush knocking at the last light of Durin's Day:<ref name="Doorstep">{{H|11}}</ref>

{{blockquote|At the very moment he heard a sharp crack behind him. There on the grey stone in the grass was an enormous thrush, nearly coal black, its pale yellow breast freckled with dark spots. Crack! It had caught a snail and was knocking it on the stone. Crack! Crack! Suddenly Bilbo understood. Forgetting all danger he stood on the ledge and hailed the dwarves, shouting and waving.|{{H|11}}}}
[[File:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Smaug the Mighty.jpg|thumb|left|''Smaug the Mighty'' by [[Olanda Fong-Surdenas]]]]
The dwarves found that he was right, and with the key managed to open the passage.<ref name="Doorstep" /> Bilbo was, of course, elected to enter the passage first, taking only [[Balin]] with him. Soon Balin halted, but Bilbo went on, finding Smaug's lair and stealing a single jewelled cup before returning. While the Dwarves passed the retrieved treasure to each other and praised Bilbo for his deed, they heard the mountain rumbling. Bilbo had done ill in this, Smaug had awoken and was raged when he missed his cup. Smaug ravaged the mountain and the dwarves were forced to hide in the tunnel, though they lost their ponies. Despite their grumbling, the dwarves had begun to rely on Bilbo's advice for their course of action, and agreed to wait. Bilbo soon decided, however, to return and try and find a weakness in Smaug. Slipping on his ring, he approached the dragon's hoard.<ref name="Inside">{{H|12}}</ref>

Gandalf had indeed done well in choosing Bilbo, for the old worm did not recognise Bilbo's scent, neither could see him, and was puzzled. Nevertheless he sensed the hobbit's presence, and challenged him. Knowing that it would be unwise to reveal his true name or stay quiet, Bilbo replied with a series of riddles, which no dragon can resist puzzling out. Bilbo gave himself a series of names such as "[[Ringwinner]]" and "[[Luck]]wearer", referring to his adventures on the way to the Mountain. Becoming pleased with his riddling, one of the names Bilbo conferred upon himself was "Barrel-rider", and flattered the dragon:<ref name="Inside" />

{{Blockquote|"Well, thief! I smell you and I feel your air. I hear you breathe. Come along! Help yourself again, there is plenty and to spare!" But Bilbo was not quite so unlearned in dragon-lore as all that, and if Smaug hoped to get him to come nearer so easily he was disappointed. "No thank you, O Smaug the Tremendous!" he replied. "I did not come for presents. I only wished to have a look at you and see if you were truly as great as tales say. I did not believe them." "Do you now?" said the dragon somewhat flattered, even though he did not believe a word of it. "Truly songs and tales fall utterly short of the reality, O Smaug the Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities," replied Bilbo. "You have nice manners for a thief and a liar," said the dragon.|{{H|12}}}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Scouring the Mountain.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Scouring the Mountain'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
This confrontation did not last especially long, for Bilbo tricked Smaug into showing his underside. Bilbo then saw the gap in the dragon's hard scales, an unprotected place. Bilbo, upon seeing this, cracked a joke and hastily departed, and for this was nearly burned to death. All the same, he escaped and recovered, and told the dwarves what he had learned. This indirectly aided the company, for a [[Thrushes|thrush]] overheard, and this would prove beneficial in the end.<ref name="Inside" />

====Death of Smaug====
As darkness fell, Bilbo urged the dwarves to close the door for fear of Smaug's vengeance. Reluctantly, but at last, they gave in. Just as the door closed, Smaug ravaged the side of the mountain, blocking up the door and destroying the doorstep. However, by mentioning the word "Barrel-rider", Bilbo had led Smaug to believe that the company had been aided by the people of Laketown.<ref name="Inside" /> Thus, Smaug wreaked his vengeance on Laketown. Smaug destroyed the town, but one company of archers, led by [[Bard]], resisted the dragon. When his last arrow, the [[black arrow]], remained, a thrush, who had overheard Bilbo talking about the unprotected patch of Smaug's skin, fluttered around Bard's shoulder. The Thrush passed his knowledge on to Bard who, armed with the knowledge, shot Smaug dead. Smaug fell onto the town, which was devastated by the dragon's attack, but Bard survived and swam to the shores of the lake. There, Bard, an heir of [[Girion]] of [[Dale]], was proclaimed by the people to be king of restored Dale. Bard summoned [[Thranduil]] to help rebuild Laketown and Dale in return for part of the treasure. The armies of Mirkwood and Lake-town joined together and marched to the Lonely Mountain to take their share of the treasure.<ref>{{H|14}}</ref>

Meanwhile, in the Lonely Mountain, Bilbo and the dwarves decided to inspect the hoard while Smaug was away. During this time Bilbo stumbled across a gigantic and beautiful gem. Recalling an earlier conversation, Bilbo realised that it was the famous [[Arkenstone]], but felt strangely reluctant to give it up. Instead, he put it in his pocket and continued on. After a song and gathering of treasure, Thorin gave Bilbo a beautiful [[Mithril-coat|coat]] of ''[[mithril]]'' as the first reward for his services. Thorin led the party to the front gate, and then Balin led them to the [[guardroom]], where they sheltered.<ref>{{H|13}}</ref>

After Bilbo and his companions awoke the next morning they found that many birds, including the aforementioned Trush, assembled at the Lonely Mountain. Although the Thrush tried to say something to the company, none of them could understand him. Therefore the Thrush summoned the [[Ravens|raven]] [[Roäc]], who was able to speak [[Westron]]. Roäc told Bilbo and the dwarves about the events in Lake-town and told Thorin about the approaching armies. He counselled them to make peace with Bard and Thranduil, though it cost them dearly in gold. Thorin rejected this advice and announced that he would not share the treasure with anyone. Then, Thorin sent Roäc as a messenger to his cousin [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin]], lord of the [[Iron Hills]], to request aid. The next days they made preparations and blocked the gate with a wall, while they received news from the ravens.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|15}}</ref>

====The Battle of Five Armies and return journey====
{{Blockquote|There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly West. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.|[[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]], ''[[The Return Journey]]''}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Arkenstone.jpg|thumb|"[[Arkenstone|The Arkenstone]]" by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
When Bard and Thranduil came to the Front gate, Thorin harshly responded in polite words to Bard. Bard's reasoning did little for the stubborn King under the Mountain and Thorin rejected Bard's proposal to share the treasure.<ref name="Gathering" /> Bilbo feared war, and to prevent this gave the Arkenstone into the hands of [[Bard]] for negotiation. With the praise of Bard, Thranduil, and Gandalf he returned, only to be rejected and cast away for his deed by Thorin. But Bilbo was successful in that Thorin was willing to negotiate, and war was prevented temporarily.

And yet war did come. [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]], at the summons of Thorin, came from the [[Iron Hills]] with an army of Dwarves. Bard refused to let the dwarves enter the mountain, which would mean a long and almost certainly unsuccessful siege. But just as battle was about to be joined, Gandalf called them all to be wary of the new coming danger - the alliance of [[Wargs]] and [[Orcs|Goblins]] against them. Dáin, Bard, and Thranduil took council together, and decided upon a strategy of defending the slopes of the Lonely Mountain. Then the enemy came. Thus was the [[Battle of Five Armies]] fought.
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Death of Thorin Oakenshield.jpg|thumb|right|''The Death of Thorin Oakenshield'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]
During the battle Bilbo stood with Thranduil and Gandalf on [[Ravenhill]]. As the battle went against the Men, Dwarves, and Elves, Bilbo reflected gloomily on the ingloriousness of war and the bitterness of the end. But then the [[Eagles]] of [[Gwaihir]] came, and [[Beorn]] too, and the battle was won. But Bilbo did not see this result, for a falling stone knocked him out. Invisible as he was, his bruised body was not discovered until the next day. Bilbo then bade farewell to the mortally wounded Thorin and his other friends.
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Hall at Bag-End, Residence of B. Baggins Esquire (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|thumb|right|''The Hall at Bag-End, Residence of B. Baggins Esquire'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]
The victors divided the treasure and Bard took Bilbo's fourteenth share of the gold and silver in return for the Arkenstone. Bilbo, despite having forfeited his share, was offered a rich reward but refused to take more than two small chests of gold and silver. When Bilbo and Gandalf bid farewell to Thranduil Bilbo gave him a necklace of silver and pearls. Thranduil gave the [[Hobbits|hobbit]] the title "[[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]]" and then he returned with Gandalf to [[the Shire]]. There he discovered that he was believed dead, and an auction was going on of his house and possessions. He bought back his own things, and settled once more peacefully into [[Bag End]].

===Years between===
[[File:Michele Mantoani - Bilbo Baggins.jpg|thumb|"Bilbo Baggins" by [[:Category:Images by Michele Mantoani|Michele Mantoani]]]]
Bilbo lived on in health and comfort. He was considered somewhat of an oddity, because of his unexplained wealth and his travelling nature and also because he stopped growing old at 50, these of course having their explanation in his previous adventure.<ref name="party">{{FR|Party}}</ref>

Occasionally he received strange visitors; dwarves or Gandalf, or he often left the Shire for journeys from time to time. Other hobbits looked at him with amazement and suspicion, but his generous and kind nature put him high in the regard of those who knew him best especially the poorest and less significant hobbits.<ref name="party" />

Although he had no close friends, he maintained visiting relations with his relatives (except the [[Sackville-Bagginses]]) and especially favored young [[Frodo Baggins]], his cousin from both the side of his father and mother; and with whom they shared same birthday. Frodo was an orphan living in [[Brandy Hall]], crowded with "queer" [[Bucklanders|Bucklander]] [[Brandybuck Family|relatives]], until {{TA|2989}} when Bilbo adopted Frodo as his heir, and raised him in Bag End. Together they celebrated lively their common birthdays and Bilbo was notorious for his (inevitable) after-dinner speeches, reciting boring poetry and, after drinking, allusions to his absurd adventures.<ref name="party" /> The two went often out for long walks along the lanes of the [[Water-valley]] and talked about adventure; they were often seen by [[Wandering Companies]] of [[Elves]] (although the hobbits did not see them). When they returned home Bilbo often told Frodo that the Road is like a big dangerous river and all porches are its "springs" and all paths are its "tributaries".<ref name="three" />

Most of his time was spent reading, writing [[There and Back Again|his memoirs]], which only Frodo was allowed to read, writing poetry, translating [[Elvish]] and avoiding his nasty relatives. Young [[Sam Gamgee]] started helping [[Hamfast Gamgee|his father]] tending the garden, whom Bilbo taught reading and writing and also some poetry and lore,<ref name="party" /> such as ''[[The Fall of Gil-galad]]'' (which Sam wrongly believed Bilbo composed himself).<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref>

Around {{SR|1400}}, Bilbo was outside one day when he saw the Sackville-Bagginses; in order to avoid the meeting, he became invisible until he entered his field. He never knew that this was witnessed by young [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]], who in his curiosity also entered the field and saw Bilbo reappearing and putting the Ring in his pocket. At some point he even peeked into Bilbo's diary but never shared this knowledge.<ref name="Conspiracy">{{FR|I5}}</ref>

Despite his health and youthfulness, Bilbo himself began to feel ''stretched'' and thin. As time passed and he used his magic ring (and perhaps because of [[Sauron]]'s growing power), his mind was preoccupied with it, often worrying if it is safe and checking on it; once he tried locking it somewhere but he couldn't relax if it wasn't in his pocket, and wanted to use it more often. Sometimes he felt it like "an eye" watching on him.<ref name="party" />

===Bilbo's Farewell Party===
[[File:Livia Prima - Bilbo's Party.jpg|thumb|"[[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Bilbo's Party]]" by [[:Category:Images by Livia Prima|Livia Prime]]]]
At last, in September of {{TA|3001}}, Bilbo threw a [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|grand party]] for his 111th birthday (which happened to be shared with Frodo) that was long prepared and Bilbo became the favourite matter of gossip for the region. During this party he gave [[Bilbo’s Birthday Speech|a speech]], did a vanishing act with his ring and sneaked to Bag End. He only took with him a [[There and Back Again|book]] that he was composing, his sword [[Sting]], his [[mithril coat]], and a dark green hood and cloak which had been given to him by [[Thorin]] years before. He attempted to leave the Ring for Frodo, along with [[Bag End]] and the rest of his possessions, but had an internal struggle; he left it only thanks to the urging of Gandalf, and Bilbo was the first ringbearer to give up the One Ring in this way. [[Nar (companion of Bilbo)|Three]] [[Anar (dwarf)|Dwarven]] [[Hannar|companions]] were working on his farewell gifts, and left for the east with them.<ref name="party" />

On his way to the east he passed through [[Woody End]] and said farewell to [[Gildor]] and other [[Elves]] at their encampment above [[Woodhall]].<ref name="three">{{FR|Three}}</ref> The [[Third Age 3002|next year]] he visited Rivendell and became a guest of Elrond<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> and apparently he met Gildor once more again around there.<ref name="three" /><ref group="note">Gildor says he met Bilbo a second time far from the Shire, and as Gildor presumably is one of the [[Elves of Rivendell]], it's possible they met at or near Rivendell.</ref>

===End of the Third Age===
[[File:Andrea Piparo - Bilbo in Rivendell.jpg|thumb|''Bilbo in Rivendell'' by [[:Category:Images by Andrea Piparo|Andrea Piparo]]]]
He lived a very pleasant life of retirement in Rivendell: eating, sleeping, writing poetry, and working on his memoir, ''[[There and Back Again]]'' and wrote a book called ''[[Translations from the Elvish]]''.

When Frodo came to Rivendell seventeen years later, they reunited in the [[Hall of Fire]]. While alone, Bilbo mentioned his old ring to Frodo, wishing to see it, but Frodo refused and a shadow fell upon the two. Bilbo briefly turned into a fleshy figure, though he quickly apologized. Shortly afterwards Bilbo finishes composing (with [[Aragorn]]; whom he calls the ''[[Dúnadan]]'') the ''[[Eärendillinwë]]''.<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

Bilbo attended the [[Council of Elrond]], offering to take the Ring to [[Mount Doom]]. Nevertheless, this task fell to the younger Frodo, and in farewell Bilbo gave him [[Sting]] and his old ''mithril'' coat, both of which served Frodo well in the struggles to come.

The [[War of the Ring]] was fought far from where Bilbo dwelt, but successfully, and in the end Frodo returned home. Because of the Ring's destruction, that prolonged his life, Bilbo started ageing again; as [[Arwen]] told to Frodo later, Bilbo started looking ancient according to his kind.<ref>{{RK|VI6}}</ref>

===Passage west===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Departure at the Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|''Departure at the Grey Havens'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Two years later, however, Bilbo as a former ringbearer accompanied Frodo Baggins, Gandalf, and certain Elves to the [[Grey Havens]], there to take ship for the West, on [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}. He had already celebrated his 131st birthday, becoming the oldest Hobbit in the history of Middle-earth. As a mortal, he died in the West.

While sailing west, Bilbo composed [[Bilbo's Last Song|a last poem]] looking back on Middle-earth in farewell.

==Legacy==
Already an eccentric during his life in Hobbiton, the disappearance of the "Mad Baggins" was a long-lasting discussion around the Shire. Many speculated that he got mad and seeking adventures he found his death in a river or pool, with Gandalf being responsible for not letting him settle down. Meanwhile Frodo, knowing that he is alive and well somewhere, continued to honor Bilbo's birthday along with his, every year.<ref name="shadow" /> Bilbo thus was one of the many legendary hobbits that were incited by Gandalf to seek adventures; and other hobbit figures of traditions (such as his uncles [[Hildifons Took|Hildifons]] and [[Isengar Took|Isengar]]<ref>{{App|Took}}</ref> or [[Basso Boffin]]) that were taken by the 'wandering-madness', either lost for ever, or returning to remain eccentric and uncommunicable.<ref>{{AB|Foreword}}</ref>

Many years after his second "disappearance" he became a fireside-story for hobbit-children, a legendary figure who used to vanish magically and reappear with bags of treasure.<ref name="shadow">{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

Sam Gamgee named his tenth child [[Bilbo Gardner|Bilbo]] after his hero.<ref>{{App|Samwise}}</ref>

The keepers of the Red Book who copied and translated it were unwilling to make alterations to Bilbo's own text, out of respect for the hero of old, and stuck close to it and its faults. But other later copiers of the Book, based on other notes, wrote the [[Riddles in the Dark|true account]] on the finding of the Ring, resulting to the two differing versions of the story.<ref>{{FR|Finding}}</ref>

===Literary work===
{{Quote|Bilbo was not assiduous, nor an orderly narrator, and his account is involved and discursive, and sometimes confused: faults that still appear in the Red Book, since the copiers were pious and careful, and altered very little.|{{HM|FR}}, "Foreword" (first edition only)}}
*A [[A Walking Song|walking-song]] (poem set on an old tune)
*[[Riddle of Strider|The Riddle of Strider]]
*[[Bilbo's will]]
*''[[There and Back Again]]''
*[[Translations from the Elvish]]
**''[[The Fall of Gil-galad]]''
*''[[Errantry]]''
*[[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]
*''[[Eärendillinwë]]'' (with [[Aragorn]])

==Etymology==
Within the legendarium, "Bilbo" represents a translation of the original [[Hobbitish]] ''Bilba''.<ref name="PM" />

[[John D. Rateliff]] has suggested that the name ''Bilbo'' is very likely a name invented by Tolkien, a "short, simple, made-up name appropriate for a hero of a children's book or light-hearted fantasy story".<ref>{{HM|HHO}}, pp. 47-8</ref>

It has also been noted by [[Paula Marmor]] that [[Wikipedia:Bilbo (sword)|bilbo]] is a kind of Spanish sword deriving its name from Bilbao. The element ''bil'' ("sword") is found in some [[Germanic]] names (such as ''Bilihar'').<ref>{{HM|IE}}, "Etymological Excursion", p. 184</ref>

According to the ''[http://www.bosworthtoller.com/ Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]'', a dictionary of Old English, the element ''bil'' refers to either a farming or military blade, significant in that it must have two edges.<ref>{{webcite|website=BT|articleurl=http://www.bosworthtoller.com/004331|articlename=BIL|accessed=25 August 2015}}</ref> The element ''bó'', equivalent to ''bá'', means both.<ref>{{webcite|website=BT|articleurl=http://www.bosworthtoller.com/0047561|articlename=bó|accessed=25 August 2015}}</ref>

==Other names==
*'''Barrel-rider''', given by himself during his conversation with Smaug, used also by the dragon.<ref name="Inside" />
*'''''Bilba Labingi''''', the original [[Hobbitish]] name for "Bilbo Baggins".<ref name="PM">{{PM|Languages}}, pp. 48-50</ref>
*'''Burglar''', given by [[Gandalf]], which he wrote in Bilbo's door.<ref name="Party" />
*'''Child of the Kindly West''', given by [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]].<ref name="HReturn">{{H|Return}}</ref>
*'''Clue-finder''', given by himself during his conversation with Smaug.<ref name="Inside" />
*'''[[Elf-friend]]''', given by [[Thranduil]].<ref name="HReturn" />
*'''Luckwearer''', given by himself during his conversation with Smaug.<ref name="Inside" />
*'''Mad Baggins''', first given by [[Rorimac Brandybuck]] after Bilbo disappeared suddenly from his Birthday Party.<ref>{{FR|I1}}</ref> It later became the name of a favourite character of legend who would vanish with a bang and a flash, only to reappear with bags of jewels and gold.<ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref>
*'''Mr. Lucky Number''', given by Smaug.<ref name="Inside" />
*Bilbo '''the Magnificent''', given by [[Thranduil]].<ref name="HReturn" />
*'''[[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]''', for his bearing of the [[One Ring]].
*'''Ringwinner''', given by himself during his conversation with Smaug.<ref name="Inside" />
*'''Stinging Fly''', given by himself during his conversation with Smaug.<ref name="Inside" />
*'''Thief''', from [[Gollum]] after Bilbo stole the [[One Ring]]. [[Smaug]] also used it after he stole a cup.<ref name="Riddles" />
*'''Web-cutter''', given by himself during his conversation with Smaug.<ref name="Inside" />

==Genealogy==
{{Baggins}}
==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Bilbo Baggins.png|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (1967 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1967 film)]]
File:Sagan om Ringen - Bilbo Baggins.png|Bilbo in [[Sagan om Ringen (1971 film)|''Sagan om Ringen'']]
File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Bilbo Baggins.jpg|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Bilbo.jpg|Bilbo in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Return of the King (1980 film) - Bilbo.jpg|Bilbo in [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]
File:David T. Wenzel - Bilbo finds the One Ring.jpg|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (comic book)|''The Hobbit'' (comic book)]]
File:LOTR 1990-2--1-.png|Bilbo in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Ring, Vol. I]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Bilbo Baggins.jpg|Bilbo in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Bilbo Baggins.JPG|Bilbo in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:The Hobbit (2003) One Ring.JPG|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]
File:Aragorn's Quest - Bilbo.png|Bilbo in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Bilbo Baggins.jpg|Bilbo in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Hobbit (film series) - Bilbo.jpg|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Young Bilbo.jpg|Young Bilbo in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1967: [[The Hobbit (1967 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1967 film)]]:'''
:Many characters are omitted, and Bilbo takes over the roles of several. He causes the "Groans" (substitutes for the trolls) to quarrel, and he kills the dragon [[Smaug|Slag]] with the Arkenstone. At the end, he marries the [[Mika Milovana|princess]] of Dale.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1971: [[Sagan om Ringen (1971 film)|''Sagan om Ringen'' (1971 film)]]:'''
:Bilbo hosts [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|an 111th birthday party]] at [[The Shire]]. He dines with [[Gandalf]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry.]] During the party, he dissapears, using [[The One Ring]]. The Narrator then recounts that Bilbo gifted Frodo the Ring as a birthday present. Later, in [[Rivendell]], Bilbo tells of [[Quest of Erebor|his journey]] and discovery of the One Ring. Bilbo tells that he discovered the curious properties of the Ring and begun to understand that it was The One. On the morning following the [[Council of Elrond]], Bilbo gifts Frodo his sword, [[Sting]], and his [[Mithril-coat]], noting that it is strong enough even to deflect the knives of [[Nazgûl|The Black Riders]], despite its light weight. After Frodo puts it on, Bilbo remarks that he looks like a true [[Hobbit]]. Before the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] departed, Frodo and Bilbo huddle in a cloak on the stairs to conserve heat. As the Fellowship departs, Bilbo wishes them good luck.

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:[[Orson Bean]] was the voice of Bilbo.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:[[Norman Bird]] was the voice of Bilbo, and [[Billy Barty]] the body double. Although Bilbo returned to physical aging after giving up the ring, when we see Bilbo again in Rivendell, he has not physically aged.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Orson Bean reprised his role as Bilbo. He lives in [[Rivendell]], and listens to the tale of Frodo of the Nine Fingers. Some archive footage from Rankin/Bass' ''The Hobbit'' is also shown at the start of the film.

'''1985: [[The Hobbit (1985 television film)|''The Fairytale Adventures of Mr. Baggins, the Hobbit'' (1985 film)]]:'''
:Mikhail Danilov played Bilbo.

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Bilbo is played by [[Ian Holm]], who also played [[Frodo Baggins]] in the radio series 20 years earlier. Although the book states that he didn't visibly age after finding the Ring, Holm portrays Bilbo as older than he should look. In his brief appearance in the [[Prologue: One Ring to Rule Them All...|Prologue]] showing the finding of the Ring, he is disguised to look younger.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:[[Ian Holm]] reprised his role as an older Bilbo,<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557|articlename=One comment that...|dated=22-April-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> whilst the younger Bilbo was portrayed by [[Martin Freeman]].<ref name="PJCasting2">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> A description of Bilbo in ''The Hobbit'' films was released by the studio:

:{{Blockquote|Like all Hobbits, Bilbo Baggins is fond of his comfortable existence; all he needs to be happy is a full pantry and a good book. When the Wizard Gandalf and 13 Dwarves unexpectedly appear on Bilbo’s doorstep and invite him to join them on a dangerous adventure, Bilbo’s life changes forever. Initially sceptical of the invitation, Bilbo’s spirit of adventure leads him to join the Company of Thorin Oakenshield and become the “burglar” required to complete their quest to outwit a ferocious dragon and reclaim the Dwarves’ stolen treasure. To everyone’s surprise, including his own, Bilbo’s wit and courage prove that there is indeed more to this Hobbit than meets the eye.|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref name="HobbitApp">{{webcite|author=[[Warner Bros.]]|articleurl=http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hobbit-movies/id545808528|articlename=Hobbit Movies|dated=7-September-2012|website=[http://itunes.apple.com/ Apple iPhone/iPad App]|accessed=19-September-2012}}</ref>}}

===Radio series===
'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Felix Felton]].

'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:Bilbo is portrayed by [[Paul Daneman]], and several times, when he introduces himself, he spells out his last name ("B-A-GG-I-N-S").

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Ray Reinhardt]].

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Ray Reinhardt]].

'''1980: [[Der Hobbit (1980 German radio series)|''Der Hobbit'' (1980 German radio series)]]:'''
:Bilbo is played by Horst Bollman.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Bilbo is portrayed by [[John Le Mesurier]].

'''1989: [[Hobit (1989 Slovak radio series)|''Hobit'' (1989 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Bilbo Baggins is provided by Peter Bzdúch.

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Bilbo is played by Klaus Herm.

'''2001-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Bilbo Baggins is provided by Marián Labuda. Though Bilbo appears as a character in the same scenes he does in the novel's narrative, his primary role is that of an omniscient, overarching narrator of the entire series. This is portrayed as Bilbo reading from and commenting on the War of the Ring while writing new chapters in the [[Red Book of Westmarch]]. There is a slightly metafictional or postmodern tone to Bilbo's narration, as he occasionally breaks the fourth wall and addresses his nephew Frodo (and sometimes other characters from the Fellowship) directly, with Frodo or the other characters sometimes equally breaking the fourth wall and briefly responding to Bilbo. Until his journey to the Grey Havens at the end of the story, Bilbo spends almost its entirety in Rivendell (from where he narrates and writes the Red Book and notes for it). The prologue about hobbits and the events of his 111th birthday are briefly summarized by Bilbo at the start of the first episode and then the action shifts towards Frodo and Gandalf, and then to Frodo and his three hobbit companions.

===Video games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:Bilbo Baggins is the main character of the game. Together with his companion, [[Thorin]], he travels to [[Lonely Mountain|the Lonely Mountain]]. There they plunder Smaug's lair.<ref name="Newspaper">{{webcite|author=Phil Garratt|articleurl=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg|articlename=Software Review: The Hobbit|website=[http://www.worldofspectrum.org WorldOfSpectrum.com]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

'''1990: [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (1990 video game)]]:'''
:Bilbo Baggins first appear in the introduction of the game, in which [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]] appears.

:Bilbo makes a second appeareance in [[Rivendell]], where he can be found in the bedrooms. He asks the player about the Ring and gives him Sting and a Mithril mail.<ref>{{webcite|author=Chris Wallner|articleurl=http://www.thecomputershow.com/computershow/walkthroughs/lordoftheringsvol1walk.htm#rivendell|articlename=Lord Of The Rings: Volume 1 - Walkthrough|dated=|website=thecomputershow.com|accessed=2 March 2012}}</ref>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:The first time that the game references to Bilbo is during the introduction, when Gandalf mentions that Bilbo won the Ring from Gollum.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]], Introduction</ref> He also makes an appearance in Rivendell, after the [[Council of Elrond]]. When Frodo comes to say goodbye he gives him Sting and his mithril shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]], Rivendell</ref> He is voiced by [[Jim Piddock]].

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Bilbo is the main protagonist and the titular playable character of the game. The story of ''The Hobbit'' is adapted rather faithfully, but many additional side-adventures for Bilbo are present, involving him killing multiple enemies. He performs several quests in the Shire before reaching Green Dragon, saves an elf named [[Lianna]] in Troll cave, rescues a Dwarf named [[Balfor]] from Goblin-Town, uncovers a treachery among men of Lake-Town and helps Dwarves restore ancient working of Erebor, among other things. He is portrayed with red hair and is voiced by [[Michael Beattie]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Bilbo is a non-playable character, who resides at the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]] in [[Rivendell]]. The player can find him at the [[Hall of Fire]], chatting with [[Lindir]]. Among other things, he sends the players to Goblin-town with a task to verify several directions and turns in the place, which he had forgotten, but requires for the book he is writing.

'''2010: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'':'''
:Bilbo appears in Rivendell.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Bilbo is present in Rivendell, where players can discuss with him various topics at different stages of the story.

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=hobbit
|house=[[Baggins Family]]
|born=[[22 September]], {{TA|2890}}
|died=Sailed west on [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
}}
{{seq
|prev=[[Gollum]]
|list=[[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]
|dates=[[19 July]],<ref name=Atlas>{{HM|AME}}, Section 5, p. 98</ref> {{TA|2941}} - [[22 September]], {{TA|3001|n}}
|next=[[Frodo Baggins]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{references|note}}
{{Thorin and Company}}{{companyroute}}
{{ringbearers}}
{{councilofelrond}}
{{hobbitfilms}}{{lordoftheringsfilms}}
[[Category:Baggins]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Chroniclers of Arda]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Bilbo Beutlin]]
[[fi:Bilbo Reppuli]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:bessac:bilbo bessac]]

File talk:Alan Lee - Last Child of Ungoliant.jpg

2026-03-11T12:39:30Z

Unireverse: Fixed Redirect

#REDIRECT [[:File:Alan Lee - Shelob.jpg]]

Talk:Ab-

2026-03-10T21:53:05Z

Unireverse: /* Validity? */ new section

== Validity? ==

Does anyone know where this prefix "''ab-''" comes from, or if it even exists? {{User:Unireverse/sig}} 21:53, 10 March 2026 (UTC)

Dûn

2026-03-10T21:42:49Z

Unireverse: highlight

'''''dûn''''' is a noun meaning "west" in [[Sindarin]].

==Etymology==
[[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[NDÚ]].

==See also==
*[[Dúnedain|'''Dún'''edain]] = "Men of the West"
*[[Nan Dungortheb|Nan '''Dun'''gortheb]] = "Valley of the Horrible West"
*[[Annûn|annún]]

==Cognates==
*[[Quenya]]: ''[[númen]]''
*[[Adûnaic]]: ''[[adûn]]''

{{references}}
*''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' by [[Ruth S. Noel]]
*[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]
{{title|lowercase}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dun}}
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

Chief

2026-03-10T21:30:46Z

Unireverse: Redirect

#REDIRECT [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]

Lotho Sackville-Baggins

2026-03-10T10:31:10Z

Unireverse: Short description

{{Short description|Chief Shirriff of the Shire}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| name=Lotho Sackville-Baggins
| image=Andrea Piparo - Lotho Sackville-Baggins.jpg
| caption="Lotho Sackville-Baggins" by [[:Category:Images by Andrea Piparo|Andrea Piparo]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Pimple
| titles=The Chief
| position=Chief Shirriff
| location=[[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]]
| affiliation=[[Shirriffs]], [[Sharkey's Men|Chief's Men]]
| language=[[Hobbitish]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{SR|1364}}
| birthlocation=[[Shire]]
| rule=End of {{SR|1418}} - [[September]] {{SR|1419}}
| death={{SR|1419}}
| deathlocation=[[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]]
| age=55
| notablefor=Establishing a totalitarian regime within the Shire
| family=[[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville-Baggins]]
| parentage=[[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] and [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins|Lobelia Bracegirdle]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Sandy<ref name=Three>{{FR|I3}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Lotho Sackville-Baggins''' ({{TA|2964}} - {{TA|3019|n}}, died aged 55) was the only child of [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins|Lobelia]] [[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville-Baggins]].<ref>{{App|Baggins}}</ref> During the [[War of the Ring]] at the end of the [[Third Age]], he established a totalitarian regime within [[the Shire]].

==History==
After Lotho's father, Otho, died in {{TA|3012}}, Lotho inherited his [[pipe-weed]] plantations in the [[Southfarthing]], ensuring his status as a wealthy Hobbit.<ref name="Scouring">{{RK|VI8}}</ref>

According to [[Tolman Cotton Senior|Tolman Cotton]], Lotho had been quietly selling the best [[Pipe-weed]] for one or two years before the [[War of the Ring]] and he seemingly bought the [[Old Mill]] before [[Frodo Baggins]] sold [[Bag End]] to his family.<ref name="Scouring" />

On [[23 September]] {{TA|3018|n}}<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> Lotho and Lobelia arrived at Bag End after lunch to take stock of the property and to obtain the keys.<ref name="Three" /> Soon thereafter they moved into the residence, Lotho demolished the Old Mill and recruited outsiders to build a bigger mill and others like it in order to efficiently grind corn faster. By the end of that year, Lotho began buying an excessive amount of property as well as selling goods beyond Pipe-weed to many [[Men]] who came up from the south, mostly [[Ruffians]]. When folk began to complain about shortages that winter, Lotho had some Ruffians stay to assert his dominance over the Shire. At first, Lotho paid for all the stolen goods and damages that the Ruffians were responsible for. However, Lotho eventually stopped doing this. When [[Will Whitfoot]], the [[Mayor of the Shire]], set out to protest against Lotho's activities, he had his [[Sharkey's Men|Men]] incarcerate him in the [[Lockholes]].<ref name="Scouring" />

Soon after [[New Year]], with no Mayor of the Shire, Lotho began calling himself [[Shirriffs|Chief Shirriff]], and demanded to be acknowledged as the Chief, and did whatever he wanted with no one to stop one. He closed all of the inns and made his own version of ''[[The Rules]]'', turning the Shire into a totalitarian regime. When [[Thain]] [[Paladin II]] refused to acknowledge Lotho as the Chief, Lotho sent his Men to [[Tookland]], though the [[Took Family|Tooks]] did not give in and resisted.<ref name="Scouring" />

Lotho's regime within the Shire ended in [[September]] {{TA|3019|n}} when [[Sharkey]] arrived at Bag End<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> and took over the Shire from there. Soon Lotho was no longer seen in public and his mother, Lobelia, was taken to the Lockholes.<ref name="Scouring" />

It was later revealed that Lotho was stabbed (and possibly also eaten) by [[Gríma]] in his sleep at the order of [[Saruman]].<ref name="Scouring" />

==Legacy==
After Sharkey usurped the rule of the Shire from Lotho, he had the Ruffians industrialize the new mill in order to pollute [[the Water]] and the [[Brandywine]], and life in the Shire became worse. Eventually however, when the [[Travellers]] returned, the Shire was retaken in the [[Battle of Bywater]].<ref name="Scouring" />

==Etymology==
The name ''Lotho'' represents an original [[Hobbitish]] [[Westron]] name '''Lotha''' which was meaningless in contemporary speech.<ref>{{App|Translation}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Lotho was called '''Cosimo''' within two variants of an early draft of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', where he fought [[Sancho Proudfoot]] at [[Bag End]] being supported by his mother, Lobelia, whose umbrella broke upon Sancho's head.<ref name="Early">{{RS|Delays}}, pp. 276, 283 (Note 5)</ref> In a note to the draft, [[Christopher Tolkien]] stated that this was Lotho's first appearance, and that in both of these variants, he had an overshadowed wife named [[Cora Goodbody|Miranda]],<ref name="Early" /> though she was removed within the next draft of the text.<ref>{{RS|Journey}}, p. 324</ref> In another early draft, Cosimo's epithet was '''sandy-haired''' rather than Pimple.<ref>{{TI|Hobbiton}}, p. 32</ref>

In an isolated outline foreseeing the scouring, it is only Cosimo rather than Saruman, who industrialized the Shire with factories and smoke.<ref>{{TI|Story}}, p. 216 (Note 7)</ref> In a draft of [[The Mirror of Galadriel]] chapter, Frodo sees a very wealthy Cosimo buying a lot of land.<ref>{{TI|Galadriel}}, p. 249</ref> In another outline of plot notes, Tolkien wrote that the Sackville-Bagginses are kicked out of the Shire to become pot-boys in [[Bree]],<ref>{{TI|Farewell}}, p. 286</ref> presumably including Cosimo.

In an early version of [[The Land of Shadow]] chapter, Sam speculated that Cosimo may have made a mess in the Shire and that there would be trouble if they ever got back.<ref>{{SD|Shadow}}, pp. 32, 34</ref> In an outline of plot points, Tolkien wrote that when the Hobbits returned to the Shire, they drove out Cosimo.<ref>{{SD|Vs}}, p. 52</ref>

In an early version of the [[Many Partings]] chapter, Saruman genuinely warned the Travellers about the Shire, directly mentioning Cosimo by name.<ref>{{SD|Partings}}, pp. 65-6</ref>

In an early draft where Tolkien mapped out a conversation, Cosimo was originally going to be the '''New Mayor''' before Tolkien immediately changed his mind and made him the Chief Shirriff. In another draft, Merry mentions that none of the [[Bucklanders]] would allow Cosimo to dictate them.<ref>{{SD|Shire}}, pp. 77-9, 82-5, 88</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Lotho Sackville-Baggins in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Lotho Sackville-Baggins.JPG|Lotho Sackville-Baggins from [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Lotho Sackville-Baggins.jpg|Lotho Sackville-Baggins in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Ilker Yildiz - Lotho, Corrupt Shirriff.jpg|Lotho, Corrupt Shirrif in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Tales of Middle-earth]]''
File:Andrea Piparo - Lotho Sackville-Baggins.jpg|Lotho Sackville Baggins in '[[War of the Ring: The Card Game]]'' - ''Fire and Swords'' expansion''
</gallery>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Lotho walks around in Bywater.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Lotho can be found ouside [[Bag End]]. His role in the game is minor and he only has a few lines during the main storyline.

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=Hobbit
}}
{{seq
| prev=''Position established''
| list='''[[Chief Shirriff]]'''
| dates=End of {{SR|1418}} - [[September]] {{SR|1419}}
| next=''Position abolished''
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Sackville-Baggins]]
[[Category:Servants of Saruman]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Lotho Sackheim-Beutlin]]
[[fi:Lotho Säkinheimo-Reppuli]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/bessac-descarcelle/lotho bessac-descarcelle]]

Chief Shirriff

2026-03-08T09:30:03Z

Unireverse: Info removed, Redirect added

#REDIRECT [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
[[Category:Hobbitish titles]]

Category talk:Cities, towns and villages

2026-03-06T16:20:44Z

Unireverse: Blanked the page

Category talk:Cities, towns and villages

2026-03-06T15:27:47Z

Unireverse: /* Subdivision of Cities, Towns, and Villages */ new section

== Subdivision of Cities, Towns, and Villages ==

Can I categorise the Cities, towns and villages by their kingdom? {{User:Unireverse/sig}} 15:27, 6 March 2026 (UTC)

Alqualondë

2026-03-06T15:25:04Z

Unireverse: Added a short description.

{{Short description|Chief City of the Teleri}}
{{expansion}}
{{location infobox
| name=Alqualondë
| image=Thomas Rouillard - Alqualonde.jpg
| caption="Alqualonde" by [[:Category:Images by Thomas Rouillard|Thomas Rouillard]]
| pronun={{respell|al-kwa|lon|deh}}
| othernames="Swanhaven"
| location=The shores of [[Aman]], beside [[Belegaer]], between the [[Calacirya]] and [[Araman]]
| type=City
| description=Seaside city of pearl and mother-of-pearl
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Falmari]]
| created={{YT|1162}}
| destroyed=
| events=[[First Kinslaying]]
}}
'''Alqualondë''', the '''Swanhaven''', was the chief city of the [[Falmari]] on the shores of [[Valinor]]. The city is said to be north and east of [[Tirion]] between the [[Calacirya]] and [[Araman]] in northern [[Eldamar]].

==Description==
The city was built in a natural harbour made of rock, and was also walled. Its entrance was a natural arch. Other than the great harbours, it also housed the mansions of Olwë. The city was covered with the pearls the Elves had found in the sea and jewels which they obtained from the [[Noldor]], and it was lit with many lamps. The famed [[swanships]] with golden beaks and eyes of jet were moored there.<ref>{{S|Eldamar}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Kinslaying of Alqualondë.jpg|thumb|left|''The Kinslaying of Alqualondë'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
In the [[Year of the Trees 1162]], the [[Falmari]] who abandoned [[Tol Eressëa]] began to build Alqualondë with the help of the [[Noldor]].<ref>{{AA}}</ref> Its lord was [[Olwë]].

When [[Fëanor]] rebelled against the will of the [[Valar]], he went to the shores of Aman, seeking for a way to reach [[Middle-earth]]. He demanded the use of the Telerin ships, however, the Teleri refused and resisted when Fëanor ordered the [[Noldor]] to take them by force. A battle broke out, the [[First Kinslaying]], in which many Teleri were slain, for they were armed with mere hunting bows against the fully armed Noldor. They also attempted to block the harbor. The battle was joined by the hosts of [[Fingon]] and [[Fingolfin]], many of whom thought that the Teleri had attacked the Noldor.

In the closing years of the [[First Age]], Alqualondë was visited by [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]] who had reached Valinor. Elwing stayed a little there and told stories to the [[Teleri]] about the griefs of [[Beleriand]].<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Alqualonde.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Alqualondë'' means "Swanhaven" or "Haven of the Swans"<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> in [[Quenya]], from ''[[alqua]]'' ("swan") + ''[[londë]]'' ("harbor, haven").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''alqua'', ''londë''</ref> In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'' the haven's name has the form '''''Alqualuntë'''''.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Alqualuntë"</ref>
{{references}}
{{kinslayings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alqualonde}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Eldamar]]
[[Category:Falmari]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]

[[de:Alqualonde]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes tours et forteresses/aman/alqualonde]]
[[fi:Alqualondë]]

Dwarves

2026-03-06T15:18:42Z

Unireverse: Added a short description.

{{Short description|The Adopted Children of Ilúvatar}}
{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Dwarves
| image = Alarie - A bunch of dwarves.jpg
| caption="A bunch of dwarves" by [[:Category:Images by Alarie|Alarie]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Khazâd]]'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]), ''Naugrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nogothrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Hadhod]]rim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Gonnhirrim]]'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Casari]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| origin=Descended from the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] created by [[Aulë]]
| location=[[Khazad-dûm]], [[Belegost]], [[Nogrod]], [[Amon Rûdh]], [[Nulukkizdîn]], [[Erebor]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Aglarond]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Gundabad]], [[Rhûn]]
| affiliation=[[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]] [[Union of Maedhros]] [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] [[Fellowship of the Ring]] [[Thorin and Company]]
| rivalry=[[Elves]] [[Dragons]] [[Orcs]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] [[Westron]] [[Sindarin]]<ref name="S10">{{S|10}}</ref> [[Iglishmêk]] (sign language) [[language of Dale]]
| people='''Clans:''' [[Longbeards]], [[Firebeards]], [[Broadbeams]], [[Ironfists]], [[Stiffbeards]], [[Blacklocks]], [[Stonefoots]] '''Cultures: '''[[Dwarves of Belegost]], [[Dwarves of Erebor]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]], [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]], [[Dwarves of Nogrod]], [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]], [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]], [[Petty-dwarves]]
| members=[[Durin]], [[Gimli]], [[Thorin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Mîm]], [[Balin]]
| lifespan=''[[#Lifespan|See below]]''
| distinctions=Stocky; bearded; never bald; especially hardy and loyal; notoriously stubborn
| height=At least 4 feet (1.22 m)<ref>{{NM|P2vi}}, ''Heights'', p. 195</ref>
| hair=Blond, brown, black, blue<ref>{{cite DTP|H 01.026}}</ref>, red, and (when older) grey or white{{fact}}
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=Often axes, swords, bows, mattocks
}}
{{quote|Since they were to come in the days of the power of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Aulë]] made the dwarves strong to endure. Therefore they are stone-hard, stubborn, fast in friendship and in enmity, and they suffer toil and hunger and hurt of body more hardily than all other speaking peoples; and they live long, far beyond the span of Men, yet not forever.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"}}

The '''Dwarves''', or '''''[[Khuzd|Khazâd]]''''' in their own tongue, were beings of short stature, often friendly with [[Hobbits]] although long suspicious of [[Elves]]. They were typically blacksmiths and stoneworkers by profession, unrivalled in some of their arts even by the Elves.

While there were seven Houses of the Dwarves, the most prominent was that of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].

==Origins==
{{main|Fathers of the Dwarves}}
Unlike Elves and [[Men]], the Dwarves are not counted among the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Their creator was [[Aulë#Names and etymology|Mahal]], known as [[Aulë]] the Smith. Aulë created the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], from whom all other Dwarves are descended, deep beneath an unknown mountain somewhere in [[Middle-earth]]. However, Aulë did not have the divine power to grant independent life to any creation, and the dwarves were bound to his will. [[Ilúvatar]] came and reprimanded Aulë, who confessed his desire to create more living things, but in repentance lifted his hammer to destroy the dwarves. Even as the blow was about to land, the dwarves cowered and begged for mercy, as Ilúvatar had taken pity and given true life to the creations of his child, including them in His plan for [[Arda]]. However, Ilúvatar did not wish them to wake before the [[Elves]], whom he intended to be the first-born. Ilúvatar granted the Dwarves life, and therefore they are known as the Adopted Children of Ilúvatar, but he bade Aulë lay them to sleep in their chamber deep beneath the mountain, and they were to awake after the [[Awakening of the Elves]].<ref name="S2">{{S|2}}</ref>
[[File:Artigas - The Seven Houses of the Khazad.jpg|thumb|The Seven Houses of the Khazad by [[:Category:Images by Artigas|Artigas]] ]]
The Seven Fathers awoke in their places in pairs with their wives, though [[Durin|Durin I]] had awoken alone. The seven different groups of Dwarf-folk originated in the locations where the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves first awoke.<ref name="pmxnotes">{{PM|XNotes}}</ref>

The seven clans of the Dwarves were:<ref name="PMX">{{PM|X}}</ref>

*'''[[Longbeards]]''', ''Durin's Folk'', originally from [[Gundabad]].
*'''[[Firebeards]]''' and '''[[Broadbeams]]''', originally from the [[Blue Mountains]].
*'''[[Ironfists]]''' and '''[[Stiffbeards]]''', originated in the [[East]].
*'''[[Blacklocks]]''' and '''[[Stonefoots]]''', originated in the [[East]].

Durin settled in the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]] which later became the greatest of Dwarf realms, [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Therefore the halls of the Longbeards were not located near the halls of another Dwarf-kingdom.

There was also an eighth group of Dwarves that was not a separate member from these seven kindreds, but composed of exiles from each: the [[Petty-dwarves]], who were hunted like animals to the point of extinction by the [[Elves]] in the First Age.

==History==
===First Age===
Sometime after the Elves had awakened at [[Cuiviénen]],<ref group="note">In one of the texts associated with the chapter ''[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]'' of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' in ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', it is said that the awakening of the Dwarves might have taken place at the time of the departure of the Eldar over the sea - in other words, either in c. {{YT|1132}} (when the [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor]] departed) or in c. {{YT|1150}} (when the [[Teleri]] departed).</ref><ref>{{WJ|13}}, pp. 211-212</ref> the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] were released from their stone chambers. The eldest of them, called [[Durin the Deathless|Durin]], wandered until he founded the city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] in the natural caves beneath three peaks: [[Barazinbar]], [[Zirakzigil]], and [[Bundushathûr]]. The city, populated by the Longbeards or [[Durin's Folk]], grew and prospered continuously through Durin's life (which was so long that he was called Durin the Deathless, also a reference to the belief by his people that he would be reincarnated seven times).

Far to the west of Khazad-dûm, the great Dwarf-cities of [[Belegost]] and [[Nogrod]] were founded in [[Ered Luin]] (the Blue Mountains) during the [[Years of the Trees]], before the arrival of the Elves in [[Beleriand]]. The [[Dwarves of Belegost]] were the first to forge mail of linked rings, and they also traded weaponry with the Sindar and carved the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves of Menegroth]] for [[Thingol]], the Lord of Beleriand. In Nogrod, the Smith [[Telchar]] forged [[Narsil]] and [[Angrist]], two of the most fateful weapons in the history of Arda, as well as the famed [[Dragon-helm]] of [[Dor-Lómin]].

It is said that some Dwarves in the far [[East]] had fallen under the [[Shadow]] and were of evil mind when the ancestors of the [[Edain]] had encountered them.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #28</ref>

The [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]] fought against the forces of Melkor during the First Age, and the Dwarves of Belegost were the only people able to withstand dragon-fire in the [[Battle of Unnumbered Tears]], when [[Lord of Belegost|Lord]] [[Azaghâl]], who died in the battle, stabbed Glaurung, the first dragon. The [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] fought against Melkor as well. However, they slew [[Thingol]] out of greed and stole the [[Silmaril]] they had been charged to set into the necklace called [[Nauglamír]]. A number of retaliatory actions ensued, and the Nogrod army was destroyed by a force of [[Laiquendi]] and [[Ents]]. Both dwarf kingdoms would eventually be destroyed, along with nearly all of Beleriand, after the [[War of Wrath]], with the dwarvish refugees mainly resettling in Khazad-dûm.

During those times of war in Beleriand, the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] prospered in relative peace colonizing the [[Iron Hills]] and the [[Grey Mountains]] and traded with the ancestors of the [[Northmen]].<ref>{{PM|Relations}}, pp. 302-303</ref>

===Second Age===
In the [[Second Age]], around the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Firebeards and Broadbeams who lived in Nogrod and Belegost left the destruction behind and came to [[Khazad-dûm]], increasing its wealth and power.<ref name="AppA3" />

The Dwarves had little participation in most of the important events involving the other races. However their friendship with the Elves became more close than ever; the Dwarves of [[Moria]] maintained close connections to the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] of [[Eregion]]; the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria were built to facilitate the communication between the two people, and was constructed jointly by both races.

When Eregion was sacked by [[Sauron]]'s forces, the Dwarves assailed them from behind however, it was too late to stop him from conquering all [[Eriador]].<ref name="UTGalad">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
[[File:Liz Danforth - Annatar and the Seven Rings.png|thumb|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Annatar and the seven rings'']]
When "[[Annatar]]" distributed the Rings of Power, he gave [[seven Rings|seven]] to Dwarf Lords in order to subdue and control them. However, they did not have the same effect as they did over Men. Dwarves did not shift into the [[wraith-world]] and in fact resisted domination. The Rings only augmented their greed and ability to create riches.

At the end of the Age, very few Dwarves participated in the [[War of the Last Alliance]], with some joining the side of [[Sauron]]. Some of the [[Dwarves of Moria]] joined the great host of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Third Age===

[[File:Angus McBride - Dwarves.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''The Dwarves are upon You!'']]
As [[Sauron]]'s [[shadow]] became stronger around {{TA|1300}}, evil things like the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] began multiplying, harassing the Dwarves.<ref name="ta">{{App|TA}}</ref>

In [[Third Age 1980]], after centuries of greedy digging for ''[[mithril]]'' and other minerals, the Dwarves woke a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] that was sleeping in the deeps of the Misty Mountains since the First Age. The Dwarves fled Khazad-dum, which from then on was called ''Moria'', which means "Black pit".

Most of Durin's folk left for the [[Grey Mountains]] in the North, while some followed the new king, [[Thráin I]], who briefly went to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|1999}}. For more than 300 years the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] prospered until the Dragons in the far North started to gain strength. Some fled to the [[Iron Hills]], while most followed the new king [[Thrór]] to Erebor to start a new [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]. There, they prospered for over 200 years until the dragon [[Smaug]] descended in {{TA|2770}}. The King and his company went in exile South, while most of the survivors went to the Iron Hills.

Durin's folk settled in [[Dunland]], and in {{TA|2790}} King Thrór travelled North to Moria where he was killed by the [[Orcs|Goblin]] king [[Azog]]. Thrór's son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] (who had received the Last of the Seven Rings from his father before his departure) summoned all the Houses of Dwarves to war. Thus began the [[War of Dwarves and Orcs]], in which the Dwarves destroyed all the Goblin strongholds in the [[Misty Mountains]] culminating to the great [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] where all the dwarven clans united. The Goblin hosts issuing from Moria were strong and relentless until the arrival of fresh [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. The Battle ended with the victory of Dwarves, but at great cost. The Dwarven clans, however, were unwilling to repopulate Moria. Thráin, therefore, came to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established his [[Thorin's Halls|realm]] there.

[[File:Angelo Montanini - Dori.jpg|thumb|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dori'']]
The Wizard [[Gandalf]] was instrumental into helping Thráin's son Thorin in reclaiming the Kingdom of Erebor. Thorin gathered around him [[Thorin and Company|twelve dwarves]], mostly from his own line, and was joined by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]. The [[Quest of Erebor]] ended with the death of [[Smaug]]. After a quarrel with the Men and Elves over the unguarded hoard, the Dwarves - assisted by those from the [[Iron Hills]] - united with the Men and Elves to fight the attacking Goblins and Wargs, in what was called the [[Battle of Five Armies]], where Thorin was killed.

[[Gimli]] son of Glóin joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] as a representative of the Dwarves and befriended [[Legolas]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

===Later history===
Not much is known about the Dwarves after the [[Third Age]]. After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gimli]] brought a part of Durin's Folk from Erebor to the Glittering Caves behind Helm's Deep and founded a colony there. Subsequently, Gimli went on many travels with his friend Legolas, and History lost track of their fate. Through their friendship and influence, the feud between the two races that had lasted for millennia finally ended, shortly before the departure of the last Elves from Middle-earth. It is rumoured that Gimli and Legolas eventually boarded a ship that sailed down the river Anduin, out to sea and across to Valinor in the year {{FoA|120}}. Gimli would thus have become the only Dwarf to ever be permitted to cross to the Undying Lands.

[[Durin VII]] (the Last), retook and brought Khazad-dûm back to its original splendour, and the Longbeards lived there till the "world grew old and the days of Durin's race ended".<ref name="PMX" />

==Characteristics==
[[File:BFME2 - Dwarf 4.jpg|thumb||Dwarves as portrayed in ''[[The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'' game]]
They were about 4 ft. high at least<ref>{{NM|P2vi}}</ref> and their more distinctive characteristic was their beard which they have from the beginning of their lives, male and females alike; and it is said that they could die of shame if they were subjected to shaving.<ref name="wjdwarves">{{WJ|13}}</ref>

They had a tendency toward gold lust and committed their share of rash and greedy acts. Among these was the dispute over the [[Nauglamír]], which led to the slaying of Elu [[Thingol]] and stirred up the initial suspicion between Elves and Dwarves to open hatred.<ref name="rings" />

Dwarves generally lived far from the sea and avoided getting on boats, as they disliked the sound of the ocean and were afraid of it.<ref name="S10" />

===Wicked Dwarves===
Of the people of Middle-earth, Dwarves are the most resistant to corruption and influence of Morgoth and later Sauron. The seven rings of Power of the dwarves did not turn them to evil, but it did amplify their greed and lust for gold. It is said that very few wilfully served the side of darkness.<ref name="Other">{{App|Other}}</ref>

In the First Age, the [[Petty Dwarves]] that dwelt in [[Beleriand]] were descendants of Dwarves exiled for evil deeds from their great mansions of their kind.<ref>{{NM|P3}}, pp. 304-305</ref> And after their [[Awakening of Men|Awakening]], some [[Men]] had met Dwarves of the [[East]] who had fallen under the [[Shadow]] and were of evil mind and were distrustful of their race.<ref name="pmxnotes" />{{rp|n. 28}} Of the Seven Houses, few fought on either side during the [[War of the Last Alliance]] at the end of the Second Age, and it's known that none from the House of Durin ever fought on the side of evil.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

During the early parts of the Third Age (or at least in legends of the previous), it is known that in some places wicked dwarves had made alliances with [[Orcs]].<ref>{{H|Hill}}</ref> Those most likely came from the Dwarves of the far eastern mansions.<ref name="pmxnotes" />{{rp|n. 28}}

However, it is said that there was an enmity between some Dwarves and some Men of old (who were jealous of the Dwarves's wealth and works), and the latter alleged evil things about the Dwarves.<ref name="Other" />

===Skills and industries===
{{quote|For buying and selling and exchange were their delight, and the winning of wealth thereby; and this they gathered rather to hoard than to use, save in further trading.|''Quenta Silmarillion''<ref name=wjdwarves>{{WJ|13}}</ref>{{rp|p. 204}}}}
[[File:Lída Holubová - Dwarven smith.jpg|thumb|''Dwarven smith'' by [[Lída Holubová]]]]
As creations of Aulë, they were attracted to the substances of Arda and crafts. They mined and worked precious metals throughout the mountains of Middle-earth. They were considered unrivalled in arts such as smithing, crafting, metalworking, and masonry, even by the [[Noldor]].<ref name="S2">{{S|2}}</ref>

The Dwarves were the greatest miners ever to exist in [[Middle-earth]], building immense halls under mountains where they built their cities. They built many famed halls including [[Menegroth]], the fairest dwelling of any king that has been east of the [[Sea]],<ref name="S2" /> [[Nargothrond]],<ref name="return">{{S|Return}}</ref> [[Khazad-dum]], the grandest mansions of the Dwarves,<ref name="S10" /> the [[Elvenking's Halls]],<ref group="note">In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', it is stated by [[Gimli]] that the Dwarves aided in the making of [[Thranduil]]'s halls. However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', it is stated that Thranduil's halls "were not to be compared with [[Menegroth]]. He had not the arts nor wealth nor the aid of the Dwarves."</ref><ref>{{TT|Road}}</ref> and the [[Kingdom Under the Mountain]].

In the darkness of [[Arda]] already the Dwarves wrought great works for even from the first days of their Fathers they had marvellous skill with metals and with stone; but in that ancient time iron and copper they loved to work, rather than silver and gold.<ref name="S10" />

In the tempering of steel alone of all crafts the Dwarves were never outmatched even by the [[Noldor]], and in the making of mail of linked rings, which was first contrived by the [[Dwarves of Belegost|smiths of Belegost]], their work had no rival. During the third age of the captivity of [[Melkor]], the Dwarves smithied for [[Thingol]]; for they were greatly skilled in such work, though none among them surpassed the [[Dwarves of Nogrod|craftsmen of Nogrod]], of whom [[Telchar]] the smith was greatest in renown.<ref name="S10" />

They were also capable masons and smiths - Dwarven smithing skills were said to be unrivalled, and their masonry creations were bested by none. The crafting skills of the Dwarves were unmatched; they crafted objects of great beauty out of gems and metals. They crafted many famed weapons, armours, and items of art and beauty, among them [[Narsil]], the sword of [[Elendil]], the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]] and the necklace [[Nauglamír]], the most prized treasure in [[Nargothrond]] and the most famed Dwarven work of the [[Elder Days]].<ref name="doriath">{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

In the [[Third Age]], Dwarves wrought with patient craft works of metal and stone that now none can rival.<ref name="rings" /> However, as stated by [[Gloin son of Groin|Gloin]] at the [[Council of Elrond]], the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] have surpassed their predecessors in mining and building before [[Smaug]] descended on the [[Lonely Mountain]], but not in metal-work, smithing or the making of mail, as their predecessors' secrets have been long lost.<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

===Hardiness===
The Dwarves were created by Aulë to be strong, resistant to fire and the evils of Morgoth. They were hardier than any other race, secretive, stubborn, and steadfast in enmity or loyalty.

The Dwarves are described as "the most redoubtable warriors of all the Speaking Peoples"<ref name="PMX" /> — a warlike race who would fight fiercely against whoever aggrieved them including Dwarves of "other mansions and lordships".<ref name="S10" /> Highly skilled in the making of weapons and armour, their main weapon is the battle axe, but they also use bows, swords, shields, and mattocks.<ref>{{H|15}}</ref>

They are resistant to fire, more than Elves or Men.<ref>{{S|20}}</ref> Sickness was almost unknown to the Dwarves, as they were immune to human diseases.<ref name="PMAiv" />

They were generally less corruptible than Men. When Sauron attempted to enslave the Free Folk of Middle-earth using the [[Rings of Power]], the Elves completely resisted his power (indeed, his hand had never sullied the [[Three Rings]]), while the [[Nine Rings]] utterly corrupted the Men who bore them into the [[Ringwraiths]]. In contrast, the Dwarves were sturdy and resistant enough that Sauron was not able to dominate them using the [[Seven Rings]]. At most, the Seven Rings sowed strife among the Dwarves and filled their wearers with an insatiable greed for gold, but they did not turn them into wraiths subservient to the Dark Lord, and he considered his plan to have failed. Sauron was furious at the Dwarves' resistance, spurring his drive to recapture the Seven Rings from them.

Another example was [[Gimli]], who, while [[Saruman]] used the power in his voice and the [[Rohirrim]] were spell-bound by his magic, Gimli was unmoved and commented that Saruman's words cannot be trusted, causing Saruman to be angered enough to lose his charm.<ref>{{TT|Voice}}</ref>

===Lifespan===
The lifespan of Dwarves was varied depending on their "breed".<ref name="PMAiv">{{PM|Aiv}}</ref> The [[Longbeards]] were particularly long-lived,<ref name="PMAiv" /> but by the Third Age, their lifespan was diminished and they lived, on average, 250 years.<ref name="PMAiv" /> The [[Kings of Durin's Folk]] named "Durin" were particularly long-lived.<ref name="PMAiv" /> Occasionally they would live up to 300 years of age, and [[Dwalin]] reached the rare lifespan of 340 years (comparable to a Middle Man living to 100).<ref name="PMAiv" />

Until they were around 30 years of age, Dwarves were considered too young for heavy labour or war (hence the slaying of Azog by [[Dain Ironfoot]] at age 32 was a great feat). By the age of 40, Dwarves were hardened into the appearance that they would keep for most of their lives. Between the approximate ages of 40 and 240, most Dwarves were equally hale and able to work and fight with vigour. They took on the appearance of age only about ten years before their death, wrinkling and greying rapidly, but never going bald.

Although Dwarves did not suffer from diseases, corpulence could affect them. In prosperous circumstances, many grew fat by the age of 200 and became physically inept.<ref name="PMAiv">{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[Earth-bread]] was a root well known to Dwarves, but almost unknown to Elves or Men. [[Coffee]] was at least known to Hobbits and Dwarves.

The Dwarves didn't have relationships with animals, didn't harbour even [[dogs]] and wouldn't mount a [[horse]] willingly. For this reason they found the [[Northmen]] useful [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men|trade allies]] in the Second Age.<ref name="pmxnotes" />{{rp|n. 29}}<ref>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> In earlier times, whenever the Dwarves were unable to barter for grain, they practiced agriculture using a plough-like tool that they invented. However, Dwarves did not enjoy doing such labour.<ref>{{NM|P3v}}, Second paragraph</ref>

===Family===
The Dwarves' numbers, although they sometimes flourished, often faced periods of decline, especially in periods of war. The slow increase of their population was due to the rarity of [[Dwarf-women]], who made up only about a third of the total population. Dwarves seldom wedded before the age of ninety or more, and rarely had so many as four children. They took only one husband or wife in their lifetime, and were jealous, as in all matters of their rights. The number of Dwarf-men that married was actually less than half, for not all the Dwarf-women took husbands; some desired none, some wanted one they could not have and would have no other. Many Dwarf-men did not desire marriage because they were absorbed in their work.<ref name="AppA3">{{App|A3}}</ref><ref name="PMAiv" />

Dwarf-women seldom walked abroad, and that only in great need. When they did travel, they were so alike Dwarf-men in voice, appearance, and garb that it was hard for other races to tell them apart. They were likewise seldom named in genealogies, joining their husbands' families. The only Dwarf-woman named in Tolkien's legendarium is [[Dís]], sister of Thorin Oakenshield, who was given a place in the records because of the gallant deaths of her sons, Fíli and Kíli. The scarcity of women, their rare mention, and their identical looks with the males, coupled with the Dwarves' secretive culture, led many to mistakenly believe that Dwarves were born out of stone, and upon death, they returned to that stone.<ref name="AppA3" /><ref name="PMAiv" />

Dwarves are fiercely devoted to their parents and children. In their desire for their children to grow up hardy and enduring, they may treat them harshly, but they will protect them at all costs. Dwarves resent injuries to their children and to their parents more than injuries to themselves.<ref name="PMAiv" />

===Religion===
The Dwarves loved and revered the Vala Aulë and this shared love made them friendly towards the Noldor.<ref name="S10" /><ref name="S2">{{S|2}}</ref>

Of old, the Elves believed that the Dwarves would have no future in [[Arda Unmarred]], but the Dwarves themselves held to a promise that Ilúvatar would hallow them and adopt them as his Children. They maintained that after death Aulë (Mahal) cared for them, gathering them to the [[Halls of Mandos]] with the other Children of Ilúvatar, though in halls set apart. It is said that after the Last Battle they will work alongside Aulë in the remaking of Arda.<ref name="S2" />

===Reincarnation===
The Dwarves believed that the reappearance of the person of one of the Dwarf-fathers (in the lines of their kings), is not one of re-birth, but of the preservation of the body of a former king, to which at intervals their spirit would return.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Michaël Devaux]] (ed.), ''[[La Feuille de la Compagnie 3|La Feuille de la Compagnie, vol.3, J.R.R. Tolkien, l'effigie des Elfes]]'', "Fragments on elvish reincarnation", "III. Some notes on 'rebirth', reincarnation by restoration, among Elves. With a note on the Dwarves"</ref>

===Language===
{{main|Khuzdul}}
The Dwarven language was created by Aulë, and was called ''[[Khuzdul]]''. It was a strange language to Elves and Men, and few non-Dwarves learned it, because it was difficult and the Dwarves kept it secret, preferring to communicate in the languages of their neighbours. Only one Khuzdul phrase was well known to outsiders: the ancient battle cry, going back to at least the First Age: "''Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!''", which means "Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!". The Dwarves taught Khuzdul carefully to their children, as a learned language, not a cradle-tongue, and thus the language changed very little over the ages, unlike those of other races. The Dwarves also devised a secret language of gestures to communicate between themselves in silence, the ''[[iglishmêk]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 395</ref>

Certainly in the First Age when they first made contact with the Elves, the only tongue in Beleriand would have been Sindarin at that time as the Noldor had not yet returned from Aman. As a logical consequence, therefore, Sindarin was a language used by the dwarves.<ref name="S10" /> But the Dwarves were swift to learn and indeed were more willing to learn the [[Elven-tongue]] than to teach their own to those of alien race.<ref name="S10" /> In fact, the Dwarves were so impressed by the Elvish runes (The Cirth of Daeron) for writing Sindarin that they adopted them for use in their own tongue and used them forever more.

Dwarves had great interest in languages since their first contact with other peoples and had good hability to pronounce foreigner sounds from other languages. However, they could not conceal their voices, which were deep in tone, with laryngeal coloration, so among themselves they could even speak with a laryngeal whisper.<ref>{{NM|P3xix}}, p. 371</ref>

==Other names==
The Dwarves called themselves the ''[[Khazâd]]'', the name Aulë gave them; this was adapted as '''''Hadhodrim''''' in [[Sindarin]], and '''''Casari''''' in [[Quenya]]. ''Casari'' was the common word for Dwarves among the [[Noldor]], but the [[Sindar]] usually called them ''Naugrim'' or ''Nogothrim'', both of which meant "the Stunted People",<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref> or ''Dornhoth'' ("the Thrawn Folk")<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 7, p. 408</ref>.

An epithet for the Dwarves in [[Quenya]] was '''''Aulëonnar''''' ("Children of Aulë").<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 391, fn. 22</ref>

In their dealings with people of other races, the Dwarves did not reveal their true names, rather adopting new names in other languages (the [[petty-dwarves]] were an exception). During the Third Age, the Longbeards used [[northern Mannish]] names in public.

==Etymology==
Before Tolkien, the term ''dwarfs'' (with a different spelling) was used, as seen in ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''.

According to Tolkien, the "real 'historical'" plural of ''dwarf'' is ''dwarrows'' or ''dwerrows''. He once referred to ''dwarves'' as "a piece of private bad grammar",<ref>{{L|17}}</ref> but in [[Appendix F]] to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' he explains that if we still spoke of dwarves regularly, English might have retained a special plural for the word ''dwarf'' as with ''man''. The form ''dwarrow'' only appears in the word ''Dwarrowdelf'', a name for [[Moria]]. Tolkien used ''Dwarves'', instead, which corresponds with ''Elf'' and ''Elves'', making its meaning more apparent. The use of a different term also serves to set Tolkien's Dwarves apart from the similarly-named creatures in mythology and fairy-tales. The [[Old English]] word for ''dwarf'' was ''dweorg''.<ref name="L236">{{L|236}}</ref>

The original editor of ''The Lord of the Rings'' "corrected" Tolkien's ''dwarves'' to ''dwarfs''.<ref>{{L|138}}</ref>

The enduring popularity of Tolkien's books has led to the popular use of the term ''dwarves'' to describe this race in fantasy literature.

==Inspiration==
In Germanic folklore, [[Wikipedia:Dwarf (folklore)|dwarfs]] are usually associated with metallurgy.<ref name="brackman" />

According to J.R.R. Tolkien his dwarfs are not Germanic ''dwarfs'' and that he deliberately called them ''dwarves'' to mark that. They are a type of incarnate rational creature and are neither naturally evil nor necessarily hostile.<ref>{{L|156}}</ref> His dwarfs are in many ways very different from the dwarfs of Germanic legend, but far nearer to them than the Elves.<ref name="L297">{{L|297}}</ref> He derived the names of the dwarves that appear in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' or in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' from lists of dwarves (''dvergar'') in the Old Norse ''[[Völuspá]]'', a poem in the ''[[Poetic Edda]]'', a collection of [[Old Norse]] poems.<ref name="L297" />
[[File:Ephraim Moses Lilien - Learning Talmud.jpg|thumb|''The Talmud students'' by [[Wikipedia:Ephraim Moses Lilien|Ephraim Moses Lilien]] (1915)]]
At several points Tolkien noted that his Dwarves have jewish traits: both were "''at once natives and aliens in their habitations, speaking the languages of the country, but with an accent due to their own private tongue...''"<ref>{{L|176}}</ref> a tongue which he based on [[Hebrew]].

{{quote|The dwarves of course are quite obviously, couldn't you say that in many ways they remind you of the Jews? Their words are Semitic obviously, constructed to be Semitic. [...] There's a tremendous love of the artefact, and of course the immense warlike capacity of the Jews, which we tend to forget nowadays.|J.R.R. Tolkien to [[Denys Gueroult]]<ref name=interview>''[[An Interview with J.R.R.T.]]''; the second phrase was edited out of the broadcast but published in Zak Cramer's "Jewish Influences in Middle-earth" (''[[Mallorn 44]]'' [[2006]]: p. 10).</ref>}}

Rebecca Brackman notes that the Dwarves's creation tale resembles the role between Jews and Christians: while the Jews held the holy Law and were God's first chosen people, according to early and medieval understanding, this role has been superseded and replaced by Christianity, much like how the Dwarves were created first, but were superseded by the Elves and Men as Children of Iluvatar, according to His plan.<ref name="brackman" />

According to Brackman Tolkien's Dwarves in ''The Hobbit'' display some (anti-)semitic tropes following popular perception. Such tropes are the beards, the greed for gold, cowardliness and complaining for several things, serving as comic relief; they don't seem to participate in the heroic culture of the Elven and Mannish characters and have their own value system ("dwarves are not heroes, but calculating folk with a great idea of the value of [[money]]"<ref>{{H|12}}, p. 211</ref>). Those marginalizing stereotypes were circulating both in the medieval sources Tolkien was studying, but also in his contemporary culture.<ref name="brackman" />

On the other hand, while the Dwarves in ''The Hobbit'' are indeed comical, outside the heroic culture, with several unpleasant qualities stereotypically attributed to the Jews, Gimli in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is displayed heroic and steadfast and is not motivated by profit or revenge; it is also suggested that the monetary value Dwarves give to gold and gems actually comes from appreciation of their natural beauty, perceived as "greed" in ''The Hobbit''. The backstory laid out in [[Appendix A|"Durin's Folk"]] and ''[[The Quest of Erebor]]'' suggests that Thorin's aggressive and greedy behavior was stemming from his Dwarvish sense of duty, and perhaps spurred by the [[Ring of Thrór]], rather than inherited racial traits.<ref name="brackman" /> Christine Chism argued that Tolkien, having Jews in mind, responded to the cultural turmoil around the time of WWII.<ref>Chism, Christine. "Middle-earth, the Middle Ages, and the Aryan Nation." In ''[[Tolkien the Medievalist]]''. Ed. [[Jane Chance]]. London: Routledge, [[2003]]. pp. 63-92.</ref>

Wayne Harden has noted that the war-cry of the Dwarves is similar to the historical [[Wikipedia:Gurkha|Gurkha]] cry, "The Gurkhas are upon you!"<ref name="brackman" />

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's [[Legendarium]] such as [[The Book of Lost Tales]], the dwarves were evil beings, not unlike the dwarfs of Norse mythology, and sometimes allied by [[Melko]].<ref name="brackman">Brackmann, Rebecca ([[2010]]) "[https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol28/iss3/ 'Dwarves are Not Heroes': Antisemitism and the Dwarves in J.R.R. Tolkien's Writing]", [[Mythlore]]: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 28: No. 3, Article 7.</ref>

In an earlier version of the legendarium it is hinted that the Dwarves do not know about Ilúvatar, or that they disbelieve his existence, but later writings contradict that suggestion.<ref>{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

Concerning the hostile views between Dwarves and Elves in the First Age, [[Christopher Tolkien]] notes that "the long enduring 'hostile' view has at last virtually vanished" in ''[[The Later Quenta Silmarillion]]''.<ref name="wjdwarves" />{{rp|p. 206}}
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1994: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]] - [[Moria (1994 book)|Moria]]'':'''
:Dwarven culture and ceremony is described as deeply conservative, with a strong focus on loyalty towards their lines. Each lineage tended to be seen as sharing a common spirit, thus the family was put before the individual. Despite this and their uniform appearance to outsiders, they expressed individuality through their inner character. Rituals remained frozen in time, most notably the internment of their death: always in stone, which could be crypts or cairns. Pyres were a rare and last resort.<ref>{{ICE|2011}}, pp. 28-32</ref>

==External links==
*"[http://lingwe.blogspot.se/2013/02/did-tolkien-coin-plural-dwarves.html Did Tolkien coin the plural “dwarves”?]" by [[Jason Fisher]]

{{references|notes}}
{{dwarvenclans}}
[[Category:Dwarves| ]]
[[Category:Incarnates]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Zwerge]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/nains]]
[[fi:Kääpiöt]]

Eä

2026-03-06T15:16:43Z

Unireverse: Added a short description.

{{disambig-two|the universe|word|[[Ea (verb)]]''', and for the games developer see '''[[EA]]}}
{{quote|The kingdom of Arda, and that was but a small realm in the halls of Ea, whose life is [[Time]], which flows ever from the first note to the last chord of Eru.|[[Annals of Aman]]<ref>{{MR|P2j}}</ref>}}{{Short description|The Created Universe}}
[[File:Douglas Chaffee - Stars.jpg|thumb|Douglas Chaffee - ''Stars'']]
'''Eä''' (pronounced {{IPA|[ˈɛ.a]}}), the '''Created World''',<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref> is the [[Quenya]] name for the universe, as a realization of the vision of the [[Ainur]]. Thus, Eä is ''the World that Is'', as distinguished from the [[Timeless Halls]] of [[Ilúvatar]] and the [[Void]], that have no material form.
==Creation==
Eä was conceived in the [[Music of the Ainur]] and then visualized in the beautiful [[Vision of Ilúvatar|Vision]] that Ilúvatar showed to the Ainur to see for themselves what they sang. The Vision showed a world sustained inside the void, but without being part of it, and developing life on its own. The Ainur desired all this to be real, and Ilúvatar brought this into actuality by saying ''[[ea (verb)|Eä]]'' and sent His [[Flame Imperishable]] into the Void to burn at the heart of the World. Thus Eä was set amid the void.<ref name="ainu" />

When the Valar entered Eä they became part of it and could not leave it — willingly or not, until [[the End]].<ref name="ainu" /><ref>{{MR|P2g}}</ref> At the beginning of time, Eä was dark and unshaped, and the Ainur who entered it had to labor in the vast wastes for ages beyond knowledge or reckoning to fulfill the vision.<ref>{{S|Vala}}</ref> During their labors, [[Varda]] created the [[stars]],<ref>{{S|1}}</ref> and even [[Manwë]], [[Aulë]], and [[Ulmo]] chiefly worked for the formation of [[Arda]] at the beginning of its existence.<ref name="ainu" /><ref name="Annals">{{MR|P2a}}</ref><ref>{{MR|P3I1}}</ref> Other [[spirits]] wandered around Eä, and [[Melkor]] gathered some to his service.<ref name="Annals" />

==Description==
Eä is described as being of "vast halls and spaces" burning with "wheeling fires" and histories unfolding amidst the "Deeps of [[Time]]", such as the waking of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and the [[Dominion of Men]].<ref name="ainu">{{S|Ainu}}</ref> Eä has vast regions beyond the thought of Elves and Men. However its shape, duration, extent and size are not described. Of all Eä, only [[Arda]], the world inhabited by the Children, is known.

Eä is sustained into the Void without being part of it, separated from it by the [[Walls of the World]].<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Walls of the World"</ref> At the end of the [[First Age]], the Valar threw Melkor to the [[Void]] through the [[Door of Night]].<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

The [[Valar]] and [[Elves]] recognize that Eä functions with the ''[[axan]]i'', the laws established by Ilúvatar that beings are directed to follow but can choose to disobey, as did the [[Dark Lord]]s and their followers. But the ''axani'' are limited with the ''[[únat]]i'', physical laws that are impossible to break by all beings, no matter how powerful or evil.<ref>{{NM|P2ix}}, pp. 205-218</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ea.mp3|Ardamir}}
''[[ea (verb)|Eä]]'' is the [[Quenya]] verb "to be", and was the word spoken by Eru Ilúvatar by which He created the universe.

==Other versions of the legendarium==

In earlier works, the [[Qenya]] word ''[[Ilu]]'' is translated as "world"<ref>{{SM|5d}}</ref> in the sense of the "universe", from the [[root]] ILU "all, the whole".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry [[IL]]</ref>

In the 1930s [[Ambarkanta]], the World is described as a globe of air enclosed in [[Vaiya]] and the [[Ilurambar]], the Walls of the World that separate Vaiya from nothingness and the Void.<ref>{{SM|5b}}</ref> The [[Ambarkanta maps]] schematics are labelled as "ILU".<ref>{{SM|A1}}</ref><ref>{{SM|A2}}</ref>

As the word Ilu doesn't make a distinction between the concepts of "Arda" and "Eä" of the later ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', the two seem to be mostly equated; in that context, all the universe consists only of [[Ambar]] and the airs around it.

Eä first appeared in a later version of the Ainulindalë, which here introduced the new concept of Arda set within an indefinite vastness of the Creation.<ref>{{MR|P1e}}</ref> Around the same time, Tolkien changed the conception of Ilurambar to Eärambar.<ref>{{MR|P2c}}, p. 63</ref>

In the later [[Round World version of the Silmarillion]], the text mentions that Eä is vast beyond measure with the stars belonging to other and remoter parts of its Great Tale. In the Beginning, the innumerable Ainur shaped Eä and labored amid remote stars and worlds; but we could know only those who followed [[Manwë]] to Arda, which is of central importance in the [[Legendarium|Great Tale]] of Eä.<ref>{{MR|P5II}}</ref>

==Outside the Legendarium==
In ''[[Átaremma]]'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s translation of the Lord's Prayer, he renders "in Heaven" as ''han Eä'', lit. "beyond Creation [the Material Universe]".<ref>{{webcite|articlename=Átaremma i ëa han Eä “our Father who art in Heaven” |website=Eldamo|accessed=21-7-2023|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-760645523.html}}</ref>
{{references}}
{{cosmology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ea}}
[[Category:Cosmology]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]

[[de:Ea]]
[[fi:Eä]]

Shelobs Lair

2026-03-06T10:05:39Z

Unireverse: Redirect

#REDIRECT [[Shelob's Lair]]

Talk:Tar-Míriel

2026-03-04T10:14:44Z

Unireverse: /* Etymology */ Reply

==Rule==
Her rule is currently listed as "None: Queenship usurped", while it is true that she was never a [[Ruling Queen of Númenor]] she was still a [[Queen of Númenor]], being the wife of [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. For other queens we still list their rule (see for example: [[Tar-Vanimeldë]]). ~ [[User:Éowyn|Éowyn]] [[Éowyn|☆]] [[User talk:Éowyn|talk]] ~ 22:50, 7 March 2024 (UTC)

:It was correct to list the years of the rule of Tar-Vanimeldë, because she was not just a queen, but a Ruling Queen and so was listed with a roman number in the list of Kings and Ruling Queens of Númenor in the chapter The Line of Elros:Kings of Númenor in UT. In note 15 of that chapter it is said that Míriel should have been the fourth Ruling Queen and in appendix A I (i) of LOTR it is said that she should have been "the fourth Queen". But she never officially ruled like Tar-Vanimeldë with her husband doing the day to day work, but Míriel's husband Pharazôn seized the sceptre into his own hand. Note that Pharazôn is listed in this list as Ar-Pharazôn (i.e. "King"-Pharazôn) with the roman number XXV (i.e. the twenty-fifth ruler) and that Tar-Míriel does not have a roman number in this list and is not mentioned there as a "Ruling Queen" although the other Ruling Queens are explicitly called "Ruling Queen" in this list. In short due to her power hungry husband who "usurped the sceptre" according to appendix A I (i) of LOTR, more speaks against listing the years of her rule (because she did not seem to rule on paper in the list of Kings) than listing them. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 10:15, 8 March 2024 (UTC)

::Whoops. Correct example: [[Almarian]]. She isn't a ruling queen but does have her rule listed. If we're going to have her rule listed it would also make sense to have Tar-Miriel's rule listed though I do see the reasoning for not including it. ~ [[User:Éowyn|Éowyn]] [[Éowyn|☆]] [[User talk:Éowyn|talk]] ~ 15:02, 8 March 2024 (UTC)

:::The situation concerning Almarian, the queen of Tar-Meneldur is different. She was not a Ruling Queen, in fact she married the King before the King's son changed the law of succession so that women could become a Ruling Queen and officially rule as a queen. In addition, it is not mentioned that her husband made her his regent or that she de facto took a lot of the decisions of day-to-day rule. So in my opinion, no years of rule should be mentioned in the infobox on the Almarian page. If a rule for non-ruling queens should be mentioned, then non-ruling queen consorts, such as Hallacar, the husband of Tar-Ancalimë would need to have years of his "rule" mentioned. You could go through all the genealogical trees of the kings and queens of Númenor and any mention of husbands or wives in the sources and check whether the years of rule are mentioned for any other non-ruling husbands or wives on their pages on Tolkien Gateway and no years should be mentioned in the rule line in infoboxes for them. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 09:19, 11 March 2024 (UTC)

==Etymology==

Why are there no sources for in the ''Etymology'' section?

Should I add the Sindarin rendition of her name?

If you have an answer to either of the questions above, please contact me.

{{User:Unireverse/sig}} 12:47, 19 February 2026 (UTC)

:I made some corrections and added references for both her name in Quenya and her name in Adûnaic. I am not aware that J.R.R. Tolkien ever created a Sindarin rendition of her name. The Kings and Queens of Númenor had names in Quenya and later also in Adûnaic, but not in Sindarin. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 07:40, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
::Thanks very much.
::As for Sindarin thing, thats just my mistake. {{User:Unireverse/sig}} 10:08, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you very much.
::As for the Sindarin thing, thats on me. {{User:Unireverse/sig}} 10:14, 4 March 2026 (UTC)

Talk:Tar-Míriel

2026-03-04T10:08:15Z

Unireverse: /* Etymology */ Reply

Ilúvatar

2026-03-03T12:36:49Z

Unireverse: Added more detail to a paragraph - may need tidying up.

{{Short description|Guardian of the Flame Imperishable}}
{{rewrite}}
{{infobox character
| image= Jerrel Salvatierra - Eru Iluvatar.jpg
| caption="Eru Iluvatar" by [[:Category:Images by Jerrel Salvatierra|Jerrel Salvatierra]]
| name=Eru Ilúvatar
| pronun=
| othernames=God<ref>{{PM|XVI}}</ref> The One<ref name="MR|P4c">{{MR|P4c}}, pp. 321-323</ref> Other Power<ref name=Letter>{{L|192}}</ref> One ever-present Person<ref name=Letter/>
| titles=Writer of the Story<ref name=Letter/> Author of the Great Tale<ref>{{NM|P2xi}}</ref>
| position=
| location=[[Timeless Halls]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=[[Creation of the Ainur]] Creating [[Eä]] (including [[Arda]]) Creating the [[Eruhíni]] ([[Elves]] and [[Men]]) Providing the [[Dwarves]] with [[fëa]] (and perhaps the [[Ents]] and the [[Eagles]] too) Allowing [[Beren]] cross the [[Girdle of Melian]] Causing the [[Changing of the World|Númenórean Catastrophe]]<ref name="NM|P3xv">{{NM|P3xv}}</ref> Indirectly causing the destruction of the [[One Ring]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| race=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

{{quote|The Other Power then took over: the Writer of the Story (by which I do not mean myself), 'that one ever-present Person who is never absent and never named'.|[[Tolkien]] in [[Letter 192]]<ref name=Letter/>}}

'''Eru Ilúvatar''', also known as the '''One''', is the single omniscient and omnipotent creator. He has been existing eternally in the [[Timeless Halls]] and possesses the [[Flame Imperishable]] in his spirit which kindles existence from nothingness.

==The Creator==
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|Eru during the [[Great Music]], art by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Eru created the [[Ainur]] before anything else, whom he kindled with the Flame Imperishable. Each Ainu came from a part of his mind. To further their comprehension, he presented his thought in the form of music, and listened as the Ainur picked up his themes and elaborated on them, slowly learning to sing in harmony with each other. Eventually he showed them his greatest theme, and made them sing it in harmony and develop it with newly granted powers. This was the [[Music of the Ainur]].

Out of this great music, Eru showed them the [[Vision of Ilúvatar|Vision]] which showed vast halls of spaces and stories unfolded in the deeps of Time, and some Ainur were drawn to it. Eru said "''[[ea (verb)|eä]]''" ("let it be") and thus [[Eä]], the universe, was created.<ref>{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

Upon creating Eä he also created and fixed the natural laws and physical rules (''[[axan]]i'') in which it will function, limited within impossibilities (''[[únat]]i'') that can't be broken by any being, no matter how powerful or evil.<ref>{{NM|P2ix}}, pp. 205-218</ref> Ilúvatar also set and fixed the conditions of the World (''[[Ambarmenie]]'') in which the creatures would live.<ref>{{NM|P2xi}}, p. 226</ref>

==The God==
The Ainur entered Eä and shaped the world according to the Music. Eru delegated most direct action within [[Eä]] to the Ainur, including the shaping of the Earth ([[Arda]]) itself.<ref name="S1">{{S|1}}</ref>

The Ainur were not omniscient and there were some things beyond their comprehension; those were the creation of the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], who are directly the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] (''[[Eruhíni]]'') created without the delegation of the Ainur. Other things known by Eru alone are their destiny, and [[the End]] itself.

The activities of Eru in regard to the life of Arda or Eä are not clear. [[Manwë]] was the [[Wikipedia:vicegerent|vicegerent]]<ref name="S1" /> of Eru on Arda and it is known that he sought for his consent several times, like before the creation of the [[Ents]]<ref name="aule" /> or before the [[Battle of the Powers]].<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> Instances of Eru's direct intervention were:

*Sanctified the creation of the [[Dwarves]] by [[Aulë]], giving them life and sapience, and were his adopted Children.
*At the behest of [[Yavanna]], he allowed the [[Ents]] into being.<ref name="aule">{{S|Aule}}</ref>
*The creation of the Eruhíni, the [[Awakening of the Elves]] and the [[Awakening of Men]].
*[[Beren]] crossing the [[Girdle of Melian]] and meeting [[Lúthien]]<ref>{{S|17}}</ref>
*The [[Changing of the World|Númenórean Catastrophe]],<ref name="NM|P3xv">{{NM|P3xv}}</ref> something that the Valar themselves could not have done.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
*Several coincidences and signs of a higher providence throughout history, such as [[Bilbo Baggins]] finding the [[One Ring]].<ref>{{FR|I2}}, Gandalf: "Behind that there was something else at work, beyond any design of [Sauron]. [...] Bilbo was meant to find the Ring, and not by [Sauron]. In which case you also were meant to have it. And that may be an encouraging thought"</ref>
*The resurrection of [[Gandalf]] after he was killed by [[Durin's Bane]], something that could only be done by an Authority higher than the Valar.<ref name="Murray">{{L|156}}</ref>{{rp|203}}
*The fall of [[Gollum]] into the fires of [[Mount Doom]], thus indirectly causing the destruction of the One Ring.<ref name="Letter" />

According to [[Wise|some sages]] among the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], Eru would [[Old Hope|someday enter Eä]] itself to save his beloved Children.<ref name="MR|P4c">{{MR|P4c}}, pp. 321-323</ref> It is said that after the [[Dagor Dagorath|End of Days]], Eru will unite the Ainur and the Secondborn to create a music even greater than the one of creation.<ref>{{S|Days}}</ref>

===Worship of Eru===
{{quote|For that name we do not utter ever in jest or without full intent|[[Finrod Felagund]] in the ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth|Athrabeth]]''}}
Eru was considered transcendental, removed and distant from the affairs of Arda and was seldom worshiped and his name was too holy to be invoked.

Tolkien explains that "''the High Elves had no 'religion' (or religious practices, rather) for those had been in the hands of the gods, praising and adoring ''Eru'' 'the One', ''Ilúvatar'' the Father of All on the [[Taniquetil|Mt. of Aman]]''".<ref name="Murray" />{{rp|204}} Thus it is said that Manwë made a [[High feast]] in praise of Eru to celebrate each gathering of fruits.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>

In the centre of the island of Numenor the great mountain, [[Meneltarma]], was completely devoted to Eru. The [[Númenóreans]] worshiped him at the very pinnacle which they named the [[Hallow of Eru]] and consecrated from all the people; allowing no visitors except at the ceremonial [[Three Prayers]] held at their respective times in the year ([[Coranar]]).<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref>

On the other hand, as both the Eldar and the Númenóreans knew that Eru was the only God, they held worship of any other person to be an abomination,<ref>{{L|183}}, p. 243</ref> save those who mistook Eru as one of the [[Valar]].<ref>{{S|Men}}</ref>

[[Fëanor]] swore [[Oath of Fëanor|his Oath]] in the name of Eru.<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref> [[Elendil]] bound the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] with an oath to Eru; the next known instance when a Man invoked Eru's name "''who is above all thrones for ever''", was by [[Cirion]] in his [[Oath of Eorl|Oath]] with [[Eorl]], millennia later.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

==Etymology==
===Eru===
{{Pronounce|Eru.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''''Eru''''' is a [[Quenya]] name meaning "He that is Alone".<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 83</ref>

===Ilúvatar===
{{Pronounce|Iluvatar.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''''Ilúvatar''''' (pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[iˈluːvatar]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[iˈluːβatar]}}) is [[Quenya]] for "Father of All", more commonly referred to as Eru '''Ilúvatar'''.

The name ''Ilúvatar'' is a compound of two words, ''[[ilu]]'' or ''[[ilúvë]]'' ("all, universe") and ''[[atar]]'' ("father").

==Other versions of the legendarium==
{{quote|'Ilúvatar was the first beginning, and beyond that no wisdom of the [[Valar]] or of [[Eldar]] or of [[Men]] can go.' 'Who was Ilúvatar?' asked [[Eriol]]. 'Was he of the [[Gods]]?' 'Nay,' said [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]], 'that he was not, for he made them. Ilúvatar is the '''Lord for Always''' who dwells beyond the world; who made it and is not of it nor in it, but loves it.' |''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'', "[[The Music of the Ainur]]"}}

Ilúvatar appears since the earliest form of the Legendarium, in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''. It is to be noted that in [[Qenya]] the name ''Ilúvatar'' meant "Sky-father" since the element ''il-'' refers also to the sky (cf. [[Ilmen]]), but this etymology was dropped in favour of the newer meaning in later revisions. Another name, less used, was '''''Ainatar''''' ("Holy Father").<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Ainur"</ref>

The word ''Eru'' first appeared as an [[Adûnaic]] word: '''''Êru'''''.<ref>{{SD|2eiii}}</ref> It was first used as a [[Quenya]] word in a [[Ainulindalë (Morgoth's Ring)#Alteration in last revision 1951|list of names]] of 1951.<ref>{{MR|P1}}, p. 7</ref>

==Inspiration==
Tolkien understood Eru not as a "fictional deity" but as a name in a fictional language for the actual monotheistic God, although in a mythological or fictional context. In a draft of a letter of [[1954]] to Peter Hastings, manager of the Newman Bookshop (a Catholic bookshop in [[Oxford]]), Tolkien defended non-orthodox aspects as rightly within the scope of his mythology, as an exploration of the infinite "potential variety" of God. Regarding the possibility of reincarnation of [[Elves]], Hastings had written:
{{blockquote|God has not used that device in any of the creations of which we have knowledge, and it seems to me to be stepping beyond the position of a sub-creator to produce it as an actual working thing, because a sub-creator, when dealing with the relations between creator and created, should use those channels which he knows the creator to have used already|Peter Hastings}}

Tolkien's reply contains an explanation of his view of the relation of (divine) Creation to (human) [[sub-creation]]:
{{blockquote|We differ entirely about the nature of the relation of sub-creation to Creation. I should have said that liberation "from the channels the creator is known to have used already" is the fundamental function of "sub-creation", a tribute to the infinity of His potential variety [...] I am not a metaphysician; but I should have thought it a curious metaphysics — there is not one but many, indeed potentially innumerable ones — that declared the channels known (in such a finite corner as we have any inkling of) to have been used, are the only possible ones, or efficacious, or possibly acceptable to and by Him!|J.R.R. Tolkien, [[Letter 153]], pp. 188-189}}

Hastings had also criticized the description of [[Tom Bombadil]] by [[Goldberry]]: ''"He is"'', saying that this seemed to imply that Bombadil was God.

Tolkien replied to this:
{{blockquote|As for Tom Bombadil, I really do think you are being too serious, besides missing the point. [...] You rather remind me of a Protestant relation who to me objected to the (modern) Catholic habit of calling priests Father, because the name father belonged only to the '''[[Wikipedia:God the Father|First Person]]'''.|J.R.R. Tolkien, [[Letter 153]], p. 191}}

==External links==
*[http://signumuniversity.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Mythmoot2_Hensler_GodIluvatar.pdf God and Ilúvatar: Tolkien's Use of Biblical Parallels and Tropes in His Cosmogony] by Kevin R. Hensler
*[http://lalaithmesp.blogspot.gr/p/is-eru-good-god-epithets-and-actions-of.html Is Eru a Good God?] by [[Andreas Moehn]] (a [[Wikipedia:Dystheism|maltheistic]] view)

{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iluvatar}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

[[de:Ilúvatar]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/iluvatar]]
[[fi:Ilúvatar]]

Grey Havens

2026-03-02T11:41:02Z

Unireverse:

{{disambig-more|Grey Havens|[[The Grey Havens (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Grey Havens
| image=Matt Stewart - The Grey Havens.jpg
| caption="The Grey Havens" by [[:Category:Images by Matt Stewart|Matt Stewart]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Mithlond
| location=The shores of the [[Gulf of Lune]]
| type=Elf-haven
| description=The harbours of [[Círdan]] in [[Lindon]]
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Elves of Lindon]]
| created={{SA|1}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref>
| destroyed=
| events=
| gallery=the Grey Havens
}}
The '''Grey Havens''', also known as '''Mithlond''', were seaports on both sides of the end of the [[Gulf of Lune]]<ref name="UI">{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Grey Havens'', p. 28</ref> near the mouth of the River [[Lhûn]] in western [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref>

==History==
===Second Age===
Founded by the [[Elves of Lindon]] in {{SA|1}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Grey Havens were known for their good harbourage and many ships; these were used by any of the [[Eldar]] to leave Middle-earth for [[Eressëa]] or [[Valinor]]. [[Círdan]] was Lord of the Havens from its foundation and into the [[Fourth Age]].<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

In {{SA|600}}, ''[[Entulessë]]'', a [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ship headed by [[Captain of the King's Ships|Captain]] [[Vëantur]], arrived in Mithlond and it was there that the Númenóreans first landed in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Island">{{UT|Island}}</ref>

In the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], the [[Lhûn]] was held in desperate defence of the Havens after [[Sauron]] had conquered almost all of [[Eriador]]. The beleaguered defenders were saved with the arrival of [[Tar-Minastir]]'s fleet and Sauron's forces were driven back.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

===Third Age===
After the fall of [[Gil-galad]] (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), the Grey Havens was still home to the largest population of [[Noldor]] in [[Middle-earth]], aside from [[Rivendell]] in [[Eriador]]. [[Cirdan]] remained the Lord of the Havens and ruled the [[Elves of Lindon]] from Mithlond.<ref name="rings" /><ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

About {{TA|1000}}, the [[Istari]] or Wizards arrived in [[Middle-earth]] at the Grey Havens. Círdan, upon meeting [[Gandalf]], gave him [[Narya]], the Ring of Fire.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

In {{TA|1975}}, Prince [[Eärnur]] of [[Gondor]] brought a fleet of [[Gondorians]] to the Grey Havens to aid [[Arthedain]] [[Angmar War|against]] [[Angmar]]. The fleet was so massive that the ships of Gondor filled the Grey Havens, as well as [[Forlond]] and [[Harlond]].<ref name="AppA">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

In {{TA|3018}},<ref name="TA" /> Círdan sent [[Galdor of the Havens]] "on an errand" to [[Rivendell]] and he became Círdan's representative at the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

===Later history===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Departure at the Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|Departure at the Grey Havens by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Following the defeat of [[Sauron]] and the crowning of King [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]] in the [[War of the Ring]], the last of the [[Noldor]] set sail from the Grey Havens and left Middle-earth for [[Valinor]].<ref name="rings" /> Latest of all were the [[Last Riding of the Keepers of the Rings]]; [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]], and [[Galadriel]]. They were accompanied by [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Frodo Baggins]], who were given the honour of taking the [[Straight Road]] because they had both been [[Ring-bearers]].<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> Years later, [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairn]] family tradition held that [[Samwise Gamgee]] in {{FoA|61}} also sailed [[Aman|West]] from the Grey Havens.<ref name="Later" />

The Grey Havens were maintained into the [[Fourth Age]] (for the last mentioning of Mithlond was [[Samwise Gamgee]]'s departure [[West]] in {{FoA|61}}),<ref name="Later">{{App|Later}}</ref> but it was recognized that eventually, its purpose would reach an end when no more Elves wished to cross the [[Sea]]. At that time, Círdan would abandon the Grey Havens and finally travel the [[Straight Road]] himself. At some unknown date, [[Celeborn]] eventually sought the Grey Havens and with Círdan, they took the [[Last Ship]] together.<ref name="prologue">{{FR|Records}}</ref><ref name="AppTale">{{App|Tale}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Mithlond.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
''Mithlond'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Grey Haven", from ''[[mith]]'' ("grey") + ''[[lond]]'' ("Haven").<ref name="UI" />

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[Category:Lindon]]
[[de:Graue Anfurten]]
[[fi:Harmaat Satamat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes tours et forteresses/lindon/havres gris]]

Talk:Eldacar (King of Gondor)

2026-03-02T11:25:43Z

Unireverse: /* Etymology */ new section

== Etymology ==

Why is "elda" translated as "elf"? {{User:Unireverse/sig}} 11:25, 2 March 2026 (UTC)

Eldamar

2026-03-02T10:47:13Z

Unireverse: Forgot references

{{short description|Land of the Amanyar in Aman}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Light of Valinor.jpg|thumb|''Light of Valinor'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
'''Eldamar''', also known as '''Elendë''' ([[Quenya|Q]]) or '''[[Elvenhome]]''', was the land of the [[Amanyar]] in [[Aman]], which encompassed the [[Calacirian]] (the area around the cleft of [[Calacirya]], including the hill of [[Túna]]), as well as the coastal areas east of the [[Pelóri]] including the island of [[Tol Eressëa]] in the [[Bay of Eldamar]].

The main settlements of the [[Elves]] in this region were [[Tirion]] on Túna (where the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]] dwelt together in ancient times), [[Alqualondë]] (the Swanhaven of the [[Falmari|Teleri]]), and [[Avallónë]] on Tol Eressëa.<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

After the rebellion of the Noldor and the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]], [[Fëanor]] led a great part of the Noldor out of Eldamar, north along shorelands scattered with jewels and crystals. His half-brother [[Finarfin]] marched with him, but ultimately abandoned the northward journey. He returned at last to Eldamar, to rule as King over the few Noldor that remained in Tirion.<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Eldamar.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Eldamar means'' "'''[[Elvenhome]]'''" in [[Quenya]],<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 20</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> although it directly means ("dwelling of the stars"); composed of ''[[elda]]'' ("of the stars") and ''[[már]]'' ("dwelling").<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "Appendix: Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names", entry, Elen</ref><ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in ''The Lord of the Rings''", in [[Parma Eldalamberon 17|''Parma Eldalamberon'' XVII]] (edited by [[Christopher Gilson]])</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
An early name for the region was ''[[Eglamar (disambiguation)|Eglamar]]'', having the same meaning as ''Eldamar'' (''Egla'' being the [[Gnomish]] form of the later ''[[Eldar|Elda]]'').<ref name="WJBeleriand">{{WJ|Beleriand}}, p. 189</ref>

''Eglavar'' ("Elfland") is possibly a variant of ''Eglamar''.<ref name="secret">''[[A Secret Vice: Tolkien on Invented Languages]]'', ''[[A Secret Vice]]'', "Notes" (note 85)</ref>

==Inspiration==
The name is a direct translation of the mythological [[Wikipedia:Álfheimr|Elfhame]] (lit. "Elf-home") meaning "Elfland, [[Faery]]".

{{references}}
[[Category:Aman]]
[[Category:Eldamar]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]

Ilúvatar

2026-03-01T15:35:54Z

Unireverse: Short description - feel free to change the title or undo my edit

{{Short description|Guardian of the Flame Imperishable}}
{{rewrite}}
{{infobox character
| image= Jerrel Salvatierra - Eru Iluvatar.jpg
| caption="Eru Iluvatar" by [[:Category:Images by Jerrel Salvatierra|Jerrel Salvatierra]]
| name=Eru Ilúvatar
| pronun=
| othernames=God<ref>{{PM|XVI}}</ref> The One<ref name="MR|P4c">{{MR|P4c}}, pp. 321-323</ref> Other Power<ref name=Letter>{{L|192}}</ref> One ever-present Person<ref name=Letter/>
| titles=Writer of the Story<ref name=Letter/> Author of the Great Tale<ref>{{NM|P2xi}}</ref>
| position=
| location=[[Timeless Halls]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=[[Creation of the Ainur]] Creating [[Eä]] (including [[Arda]]) Creating the [[Eruhíni]] ([[Elves]] and [[Men]]) Providing the [[Dwarves]] with [[fëa]] (and perhaps the [[Ents]] and the [[Eagles]] too) Allowing [[Beren]] cross the [[Girdle of Melian]] Causing the [[Changing of the World|Númenórean Catastrophe]]<ref name="NM|P3xv">{{NM|P3xv}}</ref> Indirectly causing the destruction of the [[One Ring]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| race=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
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| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

{{quote|The Other Power then took over: the Writer of the Story (by which I do not mean myself), 'that one ever-present Person who is never absent and never named'.|[[Tolkien]] in [[Letter 192]]<ref name=Letter/>}}

'''Eru Ilúvatar''', also known as the '''One''', is the single omniscient and omnipotent creator. He has been existing eternally in the [[Timeless Halls]] and possesses the [[Flame Imperishable]] in his spirit which kindles existence from nothingness.

==The Creator==
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|Eru during the [[Great Music]], art by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Eru created the [[Ainur]] before anything else, whom he kindled with the Flame Imperishable. Each Ainu came from a part of his mind. To further their comprehension, he presented his thought in the form of music, and listened as the Ainur picked up his themes and elaborated on them, slowly learning to sing in harmony with each other. Eventually he showed them his greatest theme, and made them sing it in harmony and develop it with newly granted powers. This was the [[Music of the Ainur]].

Out of this great music, Eru showed them the [[Vision of Ilúvatar|Vision]] which showed vast halls of spaces and stories unfolded in the deeps of Time, and some Ainur were drawn to it. Eru said "''[[ea (verb)|eä]]''" ("let it be") and thus [[Eä]], the universe, was created.<ref>{{S|Ainu}}</ref>

Upon creating Eä he also created and fixed the natural laws and physical rules (''[[axan]]i'') in which it will function, limited within impossibilities (''[[únat]]i'') that can't be broken by any being, no matter how powerful or evil.<ref>{{NM|P2ix}}, pp. 205-218</ref> Ilúvatar also set and fixed the conditions of the World (''[[Ambarmenie]]'') in which the creatures would live.<ref>{{NM|P2xi}}, p. 226</ref>

==The God==
The Ainur entered Eä and shaped the world according to the Music. Eru delegated most direct action within [[Eä]] to the Ainur, including the shaping of the Earth ([[Arda]]) itself.<ref name="S1">{{S|1}}</ref>

The Ainur were not omniscient and there were some things beyond their comprehension; those were the creation of the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], who are directly the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] (''[[Eruhíni]]'') created without the delegation of the Ainur. Other things known by Eru alone are their destiny, and [[the End]] itself.

The activities of Eru in regard to the life of Arda or Eä are not clear. [[Manwë]] was the [[Wikipedia:vicegerent|vicegerent]]<ref name="S1" /> of Eru on Arda and it is known that he sought for his consent several times, like before the creation of the [[Ents]]<ref name="aule" /> or before the [[Battle of the Powers]].<ref>{{S|3}}</ref> Instances of Eru's direct intervention were:

*Sanctified the creation of the [[Dwarves]] by [[Aulë]], giving them life and sapience, and were his adopted Children.
*At the behest of [[Yavanna]], he allowed the [[Ents]] into being.<ref name="aule">{{S|Aule}}</ref>
*The creation of the Eruhíni, the [[Awakening of the Elves]] and the [[Awakening of Men]].
*[[Beren]] crossing the [[Girdle of Melian]] and meeting [[Lúthien]]<ref>{{S|17}}</ref>
*The [[Changing of the World|Númenórean Catastrophe]],<ref name="NM|P3xv">{{NM|P3xv}}</ref> something that the Valar themselves could not have done.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
*Several coincidences and signs of a higher providence throughout history, such as [[Bilbo Baggins]] finding the [[One Ring]].<ref>{{FR|I2}}, Gandalf: "Behind that there was something else at work, beyond any design of [Sauron]. [...] Bilbo was meant to find the Ring, and not by [Sauron]. In which case you also were meant to have it. And that may be an encouraging thought"</ref>
*The resurrection of [[Gandalf]] after he was killed by [[Durin's Bane]], something that could only be done by an Authority higher than the Valar.<ref name="Murray">{{L|156}}</ref>{{rp|203}}
*The fall of [[Gollum]] into the fires of [[Mount Doom]], thus indirectly causing the destruction of the One Ring.<ref name="Letter" />

According to [[Wise|some sages]] among the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], Eru would [[Old Hope|someday enter Eä]] itself to save his beloved Children.<ref name="MR|P4c">{{MR|P4c}}, pp. 321-323</ref> It is said that after the [[Dagor Dagorath|End of Days]], Eru will unite the Ainur and the Secondborn to create a music even greater than the one of creation.<ref>{{S|Days}}</ref>

===Worship of Eru===
{{quote|For that name we do not utter ever in jest or without full intent|[[Finrod Felagund]] in the ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth|Athrabeth]]''}}
Eru was considered transcendental, removed and distant from the affairs of Arda and was seldom worshiped and his name was too holy to be invoked.

Tolkien explains that "''the High Elves had no 'religion' (or religious practices, rather) for those had been in the hands of the gods, praising and adoring ''Eru'' 'the One', ''Ilúvatar'' the Father of All on the [[Taniquetil|Mt. of Aman]]''".<ref name="Murray" />{{rp|204}} Thus it is said that Manwë made a [[High feast]] in praise of Eru to celebrate each gathering of fruits.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>

The [[Númenóreans]] worshiped Eru in the [[Three Prayers]] held during the course of a [[Coranar]], having the [[Meneltarma]] completely devoted to him.<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref>

On the other hand, as both the Eldar and the Númenóreans knew that Eru was the only God, they held worship of any other person to be an abomination,<ref>{{L|183}}, p. 243</ref> save those who mistook Eru as one of the [[Valar]].<ref>{{S|Men}}</ref>

[[Fëanor]] swore [[Oath of Fëanor|his Oath]] in the name of Eru.<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref> [[Elendil]] bound the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] with an oath to Eru; the next known instance when a Man invoked Eru's name "''who is above all thrones for ever''", was by [[Cirion]] in his [[Oath of Eorl|Oath]] with [[Eorl]], millennia later.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

==Etymology==
===Eru===
{{Pronounce|Eru.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''''Eru''''' is a [[Quenya]] name meaning "He that is Alone".<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 83</ref>

===Ilúvatar===
{{Pronounce|Iluvatar.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''''Ilúvatar''''' (pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[iˈluːvatar]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[iˈluːβatar]}}) is [[Quenya]] for "Father of All", more commonly referred to as Eru '''Ilúvatar'''.

The name ''Ilúvatar'' is a compound of two words, ''[[ilu]]'' or ''[[ilúvë]]'' ("all, universe") and ''[[atar]]'' ("father").

==Other versions of the legendarium==
{{quote|'Ilúvatar was the first beginning, and beyond that no wisdom of the [[Valar]] or of [[Eldar]] or of [[Men]] can go.' 'Who was Ilúvatar?' asked [[Eriol]]. 'Was he of the [[Gods]]?' 'Nay,' said [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]], 'that he was not, for he made them. Ilúvatar is the '''Lord for Always''' who dwells beyond the world; who made it and is not of it nor in it, but loves it.' |''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'', "[[The Music of the Ainur]]"}}

Ilúvatar appears since the earliest form of the Legendarium, in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''. It is to be noted that in [[Qenya]] the name ''Ilúvatar'' meant "Sky-father" since the element ''il-'' refers also to the sky (cf. [[Ilmen]]), but this etymology was dropped in favour of the newer meaning in later revisions. Another name, less used, was '''''Ainatar''''' ("Holy Father").<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Ainur"</ref>

The word ''Eru'' first appeared as an [[Adûnaic]] word: '''''Êru'''''.<ref>{{SD|2eiii}}</ref> It was first used as a [[Quenya]] word in a [[Ainulindalë (Morgoth's Ring)#Alteration in last revision 1951|list of names]] of 1951.<ref>{{MR|P1}}, p. 7</ref>

==Inspiration==
Tolkien understood Eru not as a "fictional deity" but as a name in a fictional language for the actual monotheistic God, although in a mythological or fictional context. In a draft of a letter of [[1954]] to Peter Hastings, manager of the Newman Bookshop (a Catholic bookshop in [[Oxford]]), Tolkien defended non-orthodox aspects as rightly within the scope of his mythology, as an exploration of the infinite "potential variety" of God. Regarding the possibility of reincarnation of [[Elves]], Hastings had written:
{{blockquote|God has not used that device in any of the creations of which we have knowledge, and it seems to me to be stepping beyond the position of a sub-creator to produce it as an actual working thing, because a sub-creator, when dealing with the relations between creator and created, should use those channels which he knows the creator to have used already|Peter Hastings}}

Tolkien's reply contains an explanation of his view of the relation of (divine) Creation to (human) [[sub-creation]]:
{{blockquote|We differ entirely about the nature of the relation of sub-creation to Creation. I should have said that liberation "from the channels the creator is known to have used already" is the fundamental function of "sub-creation", a tribute to the infinity of His potential variety [...] I am not a metaphysician; but I should have thought it a curious metaphysics — there is not one but many, indeed potentially innumerable ones — that declared the channels known (in such a finite corner as we have any inkling of) to have been used, are the only possible ones, or efficacious, or possibly acceptable to and by Him!|J.R.R. Tolkien, [[Letter 153]], pp. 188-189}}

Hastings had also criticized the description of [[Tom Bombadil]] by [[Goldberry]]: ''"He is"'', saying that this seemed to imply that Bombadil was God.

Tolkien replied to this:
{{blockquote|As for Tom Bombadil, I really do think you are being too serious, besides missing the point. [...] You rather remind me of a Protestant relation who to me objected to the (modern) Catholic habit of calling priests Father, because the name father belonged only to the '''[[Wikipedia:God the Father|First Person]]'''.|J.R.R. Tolkien, [[Letter 153]], p. 191}}

==External links==
*[http://signumuniversity.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Mythmoot2_Hensler_GodIluvatar.pdf God and Ilúvatar: Tolkien's Use of Biblical Parallels and Tropes in His Cosmogony] by Kevin R. Hensler
*[http://lalaithmesp.blogspot.gr/p/is-eru-good-god-epithets-and-actions-of.html Is Eru a Good God?] by [[Andreas Moehn]] (a [[Wikipedia:Dystheism|maltheistic]] view)

{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iluvatar}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

[[de:Ilúvatar]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/iluvatar]]
[[fi:Ilúvatar]]

Má

2026-03-01T15:31:58Z

Unireverse:

'''''má''''' (d. '''mát''', pl. '''máli''') is a [[Quenya]] word meaning "hand".<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 6</ref>

==Etymology==
[[PQ]] *''maȝ'', [[root]] [[MAȜ]]<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "[[MAȜ]]"</ref>

==Other forms==
*''máryat'': his/her two hands
*''mannar'': into hands<ref>{{LR|P1III2}}, [[Fíriel's song]], pp. 71-72</ref>
*''mánta'': their hand
**''mántat'': their hands<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 161</ref>

==Examples==
*''[[Lungumá|Lungu'''má''']]'' = "Heavyhand"
*''[[Mátengwië|'''má'''tengwië]]'' = "language of the hands"
*''[[Namárië|ve fanyar '''má'''ryat Elentári ortanë]]'' = "has uplifted her hands like clouds"

==See also==
*[[Sindarin]]: ''[[cam]]''
{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ma}}
[[Category:Quenya body parts]]

Talk:Giliath

2026-03-01T15:25:37Z

Unireverse: /* Giliath - Meaning */ new section

== Giliath - Meaning ==

Why does "Giliath" mean "Hosts of Stars"?

{{User:Unireverse/sig}} 15:25, 1 March 2026 (UTC)

Irmo

2026-03-01T15:06:31Z

Unireverse: Short description

{{Short description|Master of Visions and Dreams}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Valar|Vala]]
| name=Irmo
| image=Elena Kukanova - Irmo Lorien.jpeg
| caption="Irmo Lorien" by [[:Category:Images by Maureval|Maureval]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈirmo]}}
| othernames=''Lórien'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=
| position=Master of Visions and Dreams
| location=[[Lórien (Valinor)|Lórien]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=[[Mandos]] and [[Nienna]]
| spouse=[[Estë]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{Quote|Irmo the younger is the master of visions and dreams. In Lórien are his gardens in the land of the Valar, and they are the fairest of all places in the world, filled with many spirits.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Valaquenta]]: Of the Valar"}}

'''Irmo''', commonly called ''[[Lórien (Valinor)|Lórien]]'' after his place of dwelling, was a [[Valar|Vala]] who was known as "the master of visions and dreams."

==History==
Irmo was the younger brother of [[Mandos|Námo]], who was also more commonly known by the name of his dwelling place, ''[[Mandos]]''. Irmo and Námo were known collectively as the [[Fëanturi]], the masters of spirits.<ref name="vala">{{S|IIb}}</ref> Their sister was [[Nienna]], the [[Valar|Valie]] of pity and sorrow.

Irmo lived in his gardens with his spouse [[Estë]] with their dwelling lying west of [[Valimar]].

Irmo tended to and provided refuge to the [[Elves]] of Valinor in Lórien, where he would guide the [[Eldar]] through visions and dreams.<ref name="vala" /> When [[Míriel]] lost strength after giving birth to [[Fëanor]], she was brought to Lórien for rest. Her spirit later departed to [[Mandos]] and refused to return.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>

When the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] were created, [[Varda]] purposed that the two vessels should journey in [[Ilmen]] and mingle their light as the [[Two Trees]] once had. However, Irmo and Estë asked her to reconsider as "sleep and rest had been banished from the Earth."<ref name="Sun" /> Therefore, Varda changed her council and created twilight.<ref name="Sun">{{S|11}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Irmo'' is a [[Quenya]] name meaning "Desirer" or "Master of Desire".<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref> His common name ''Lórien'' ([[Quenya]]; {{IPA|[ˈloːri.en]}}) means "Land of Dreams".

In ''[[The Etymologies]]'', '''''Lhuien''''' is given as a [[Noldorin]] cognate of ''Lórien''.<ref>{{LR|P3}}, entry "LOS"</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Irmo is referred to as ''Swefnfréa'' "Dream-ruler".<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

==Other names==
In early versions of the legendarium, this Vala (variously spelt '''''Lorien''''' and '''''Lôrien''''') was given various surnames: [[Qenya]] '''''Olofantur''''' (the element ''fantur'', a derivative of the [[Sundocarme|root]] FANA, refers to "visions, dreams, falling asleep"),<ref name="LT1">{{LT1|Appendix}}, pp. 253, 259</ref> Qenya '''''Fulmur''''' (probably from the root FUMU, "sleep"), and [[Gnomish]] '''''Losfan''''' (consisting of ''oloth'' "a dream, apparition, vision" + ending ''-fan'', thus ''(o)loth-fan'' > ''Losfan'').<ref name="PE14">{{PE|14}}, p. 12</ref> Gnomish renderings of his first name included '''''Glurim''''' (containing the element ''lûr'' "slumber") and '''''Lûriel''''' or '''''Lúriel''''' (> '''''Lúrin''''').<ref name="LT1" /><ref name="PE14" /><ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 18</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| VAI |~| MAN | | NIE | | IRM |~| EST | |VAI=[[Vairë]]|MAN=[[Mandos]]|NIE=[[Nienna]]|IRM='''IRMO'''|EST=[[Estë]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===
In [[The Book of Lost Tales]], '''''Lórien Olofántur''''' (''Fantur of Dreams'') was the lord of dreams and imaginings, and loved twilight and flittering shadows, and sweet scents borne upon evening winds. He was one of two [[Fánturi]], with the other being his brother ''Vefántur Mandos'' (''Fantur of Death'').<ref name="cov">{{LT1|III}}</ref>

He arrived in Middle-earth in the fifth wave of Valar, along with [[Tulkas]], Mandos, ''Fui Nienna'' (spouse of Mandos), and [[Vána]] (spouse of Oromë). The earlier waves were Melko; then Manwë, Varda, and their folk; then Aulë, Yavanna, Ulmo, and their folk (though only [[Salmar]] accompanied Ulmo); then Ossë, Ónen, and their troops. The later waves were [[Makar]] and [[Meássë]]; and then lastly [[Ómar]].<ref name="cov" />

Following the destruction of the [[Two Lamps]], Aulë fashioned two great cauldrons to hold the remaining light in the world: [[Kulullin]] for the gold, and [[Silindrin]] for the silver, They then dug two great pits in preparation for the [[Two Trees]]. In the second pit was cast three huge pearls found by Ossë, and a small star cast by Varda, and it was then covered with foams and white mists and sprinkled lightly with earth. Lórien then sat near and whispered swift noiseless words while his sprites played half-heard tunes beside him. The Valar then poured upon it silver light from Silindrin.<ref name="cov" />

Through the efforts of Yavanna, the Two Trees then sprang up. On beholding the silver tree, [[Silpion]], Lórien could not contain his joy. When Yavanna instructed that the dew of the trees must be gathered, and then used to water the trees themselves, Lórien bade [[Silmo]], a youth he loved, to the task of refreshing Silpion.<ref name="cov" />

While many of the Valar had dwellings built in [[Valmar]], Lórien dwelt far to the south in a placed he called [[Murmuran]]. Around his abode were wide gardens, which contained many types of trees and [[fumellar]], poppies which Lórien used in his enchantments. These gardens stretched even to Silindrin, where Lórien would gaze and see many visions of mystery.<ref name="cov" />

{{references}}
{{Ainur}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Lórien (Vala)]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/irmo]]
[[fi:Irmo]]

Eldamar

2026-03-01T15:03:01Z

Unireverse: Fixed incorrect link, Etymology, and added a reference

{{short description|Land of the Amanyar in Aman}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Light of Valinor.jpg|thumb|''Light of Valinor'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
'''Eldamar''', also known as '''Elendë''' ([[Quenya|Q]]) or '''[[Elvenhome]]''', was the land of the [[Amanyar]] in [[Aman]], which encompassed the [[Calacirian]] (the area around the cleft of [[Calacirya]], including the hill of [[Túna]]), as well as the coastal areas east of the [[Pelóri]] including the island of [[Tol Eressëa]] in the [[Bay of Eldamar]].

The main settlements of the [[Elves]] in this region were [[Tirion]] on Túna (where the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]] dwelt together in ancient times), [[Alqualondë]] (the Swanhaven of the [[Falmari|Teleri]]), and [[Avallónë]] on Tol Eressëa.<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

After the rebellion of the Noldor and the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]], [[Fëanor]] led a great part of the Noldor out of Eldamar, north along shorelands scattered with jewels and crystals. His half-brother [[Finarfin]] marched with him, but ultimately abandoned the northward journey. He returned at last to Eldamar, to rule as King over the few Noldor that remained in Tirion.<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Eldamar.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Eldamar means'' "'''[[Elvenhome]]'''" in [[Quenya]],<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 20</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> although it directly means ("dwelling of the stars"); composed of ''[[elda]]'' ("of the stars") and ''[[már]]'' ("dwelling").

==Other versions of the legendarium==
An early name for the region was ''[[Eglamar (disambiguation)|Eglamar]]'', having the same meaning as ''Eldamar'' (''Egla'' being the [[Gnomish]] form of the later ''[[Eldar|Elda]]'').<ref name="WJBeleriand">{{WJ|Beleriand}}, p. 189</ref>

''Eglavar'' ("Elfland") is possibly a variant of ''Eglamar''.<ref name="secret">''[[A Secret Vice: Tolkien on Invented Languages]]'', ''[[A Secret Vice]]'', "Notes" (note 85)</ref>

==Inspiration==
The name is a direct translation of the mythological [[Wikipedia:Álfheimr|Elfhame]] (lit. "Elf-home") meaning "Elfland, [[Faery]]".

{{references}}
[[Category:Aman]]
[[Category:Eldamar]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]

Elvenhome

2026-03-01T15:01:15Z

Unireverse: reference

'''Elvenhome''' almost always refers to [[Eldamar]] (which is "Elvenhome" in the Elves' own tongue), the homeland of the Elves in [[Aman]], which is its translation.<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 20</ref>

The word also was a general term for a land inhabited by [[Elves]]. For example, an "Elvenhome" in the song about [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] referred to [[Doriath]],<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref> and an Elvenhome is mentioned in the [[Hobbit]]-poem ''[[The Hoard]]'',<ref>{{AB|14}}</ref> which referred to [[Nargothrond]].<ref>{{HM|Guide}} p.116, entry "Elvenhome"</ref>

==See also==
*[[Elvenesse]]

{{references}}

[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]
[[Category:Roverandom]]

[[de:Eldamar]]
[[fi:Haltiakoto]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/aman/eldamar]]

Eldo

2026-03-01T14:59:56Z

Unireverse: Redirect

#REDIRECT [[Elda]]

Talk:Eldamar

2026-03-01T14:54:02Z

Unireverse: /* Etymology */ Reply

==Etymology==

Why does the ''etymology section state that elda means "high-elf"? And why does "elda" link to the Eldar article?''

{{User:Unireverse/sig}} 15:34, 28 February 2026 (UTC)

:Good catch, it lacks a citation. If you don't mind changing it to a properly sourced definition and correcting the link, that would be great, thanks for your help! [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 19:00, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
::No problem {{User:Unireverse/sig}} 14:54, 1 March 2026 (UTC)

Estë

2026-02-28T15:52:18Z

Unireverse: Short description

{{infobox character
| name=Estë
| people=[[Valar|Vala]]
| image=Šárka Škorpíková - Este the gentle.jpg
| caption="Este the gentle" by [[:Category:Images by Šárka Škorpíková|Šárka Škorpíková]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Îdh'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Eord'' ([[Nandorin|N]])
| titles=the Gentle
| position=Healer of hurts and weariness
| location=[[Lórellin]]-[[Lórien]]
| affiliation=[[Melian]]<ref name=vala/>
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Irmo]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Grey raiment<ref name=vala/>
| weapons=
| steed=
}}{{Short description|Healer of Hurts and Weariness}}
{{quote|Grey is her raiment; and rest is her gift|''[[Valaquenta]]'': Of the Valar}}
'''Estë''' was one of the [[Valier]] and the wife of [[Irmo]].

==Attributes==
Estë had the power to heal all hurts and weariness.<ref name="vala" /> Her favourite place was an island on the tree-shadowed lake of [[Lórellin]] in the [[Gardens of Lórien]] where she slept during the day. She was always clad in grey.<ref name="vala" />

==History==
Estë dwelt with her husband Irmo in the misty halls and extensive, silver-lit gardens of [[Lórien (Valinor)|Lórien]]. There were many [[Maiar]] who served Estë and Irmo. In Lórien, Estë and her husband tended to the [[Elves of Valinor]], who drew refreshment from the fountains, and even the [[Valar]] would come there to find repose and ease from the burdens of [[Arda]].<ref name="vala">{{S|IIb}}</ref>

[[Varda]] originally intended to place the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] in the sky, one travelling from the east and one from the west, to allow for a mingling of their lights. However, Estë and her husband spoke against this as the excessive heat and light had withered their gardens, the stars were hidden, and restful sleep had been banished from the Earth. Varda listened to their counsel and, to allow for a time of night, changed the course of the Moon and the Sun. Each would then take turns travelling through the sky as the other lay in [[Ekkaia]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In earlier drafts of this character, Estë did not attend the Councils of the Valar and was not reckoned among the Valier. Instead, she was counted as a Chief of the Maiar.<ref>{{MR|P2}}, p. 49, §3</ref>

==Etymology==
''Estë'' ([[Quenya]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈeste]}}) means "rest".<ref>{{HM|S}}, "Index"</ref> The same [[Sundocarmë|root]], [[EZDE]], also yielded her [[Sindarin]] name, '''''Îdh''''' (pron. {{IPA|[iːð]}})<ref>{{HM|LR}}, "[[The Etymologies]]", entry EZDE</ref> and the [[Nandorin]] '''''Eord'''''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Carl F. Hostetter]], [[Patrick H. Wynne]] (eds.), "Addenda and Corrigenda to the ''Etymologies''", published in ''[[Vinyar Tengwar 45]]'' ([[November]] [[2003]]), pages 3-38, especially 13</ref>

She was also referred to as Estë 'the Pale' several times in the ''[[Annals of Aman]]''.<ref>{{MR|Index}}, p. 446, entry ''Estë''</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| VAI |~| MAN | | NIE | | IRM |~| EST | |VAI=[[Vairë]]|MAN=[[Mandos]]|NIE=[[Nienna]]|IRM=[[Irmo]]|EST='''ESTË'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{References}}
{{Ainur}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Este}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Este]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/este]]
[[fi:Estë]]

Tulkas

2026-02-28T15:49:19Z

Unireverse: Short description

{{infobox character
| people=[[Valar|Vala]]
| name=Tulkas
| image=Steamey - Tulkas.jpg
| caption="Tulkas" by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]
| pronun={{IPA|[ˈtulkas]}}
| othernames=''Tulukhastāz'' ([[Valarin|V]]) ''Astaldo'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) ''Tolchas'' ([[Noldorin|N]]) The Valiant The Strong
| titles=
| position=Champion of the [[Valar]]
| location=[[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Valarin]], [[Quenya]]
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Nessa]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden (hair and beard)<ref name=vala>{{S|IIb}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=His hands
| steed=
}}
{{Short description|Champion of the Valar}}
{{quote|But in the midst of the war a spirit of great strength and hardihood came to the aid of the Valar, hearing in the far heaven that there was battle in the Little World. And he came like a storm of laughter and loud song, and Earth shook under his great golden feet. So came Tulkas, the Strong and the Merry, whose anger passeth like a mighty wind, scattering cloud and darkness before it. And Melkor was shaken by the laughter of Tulkas, and fled from the Earth; and there was peace for a long age.|''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', "The Music of the Ainur and the Coming of the Valar"}}

'''Tulkas''' was a [[Valar|Vala]]. He was the most warlike of the Valar and the spouse of [[Nessa]].

==Attributes==
Tulkas was so strong and quick that he needed no weapon or steed. He delighted in deeds of prowess and strength such as wrestling and fighting. But he was not dreadful; he laughed loudly in sport and war and his anger dispelled [[darkness]] and clouds.<ref name="vala">{{S|IIb}}</ref><ref name="s1">{{S|1}}</ref>

He was a hardy friend and slow to wrath, but also slow to forgive. He was however not forward-thinking and did not learn from the past; always quick in action, he was not good in counselling.<ref name="vala" /><ref name="Quenta">{{LR|Quenta}}</ref>{{rp|206}}

His flesh was ruddy and his hair and beard golden.<ref name="vala" />

Tulkas represents the good side of ‘violence’ in the war against evil. This is an absence of all compromise which will even face apparent evils (such as war) rather than parley; and does not (in any kind of pride) think that any one less than Eru can redress this, or rewrite the tale of Arda.<ref>{{MR|P5VI}}</ref>{{rp|522}}

==History==
Tulkas was [[Creation of the Ainur|created]] by [[Eru]] with the other [[Ainur]] and sang in the [[Song of the Ainur]], and chose to enter [[Eä]]. His spirit was wandering Ea and did not participate in the formation of [[Arda]] with the other [[Valar]]: He heard of their [[First War]] with [[Melkor]] [[Valian Year 1500|1500]] [[Valian Years]] after their arrival, and descended to them from the far heavens. The Dark Lord might have defeated the Valar by himself, but hearing the sound of Tulkas' laughter and beholding his wrath, Melkor fled before him.<ref name="s1" />

Thanks to him, the Valar now continued their work in peace, and the [[Spring of Arda]] was begun. After the [[Two Lamps]] were erected and the Valar had made their first dwelling at [[Almaren]], Tulkas wedded [[Nessa]] in a great feast. Being weary and content he slept, and Melkor decided his hour to retaliate had come, and ruined the Lamps, causing a cataclysm.<ref name="s1" />
[[File:Antonio Vinci - Tulkas.jpg|thumb|left|''Tulkas'' by [[:Category:Images by Antonio Vinci|Antonio Vinci]]]]
After the cataclysm, the Valar and their people went to [[Valinor]]. Anticipating the [[Awakening of the Elves]] he urged the other Valar to wage war against Melkor.

But when [[Oromë]] announced that the [[Elves|first Children of Ilúvatar]] did awake, Manwë called a council at the [[Ring of Doom]] and announced the will of Eru that, for the sake of the Elves, the Valar should regain guardianship of the world from Melkor. Tulkas was glad of this decision. In the [[Battle of the Powers]], after a long siege at [[Utumno]], it was Tulkas who wrestled with Melkor and cast him upon his face. Tulkas [[Chaining of Melkor|chained]] Melkor with the enchanted chain [[Angainor]], forged by [[Aulë]]. For a while the world was free from Melkor's influence.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref>

When his sentence was fulfilled, Melkor repented of his actions and was pardoned by [[Manwë]]; Tulkas was disappointed with this decision, ever distrustful. But having fought Melkor in the name of authority, he could not rebel himself, and accepted Manwë's decision.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>

After the lies spread by Melkor were known, Tulkas and Oromë seached him in the north of Aman, but he was already escaped south. And when Melkor and [[Ungoliant]] caused the [[Darkening of Valinor]], Tulkas and Oromë searched in vain for them, unable to penetrate the unlight cast by Ungoliant.<ref>{{S|8}}</ref> Shortly after, Tulkas hurried [[Fëanor]] to take a decision about surrendering the [[Silmarils]].<ref>{{S|9}}</ref>

It is said that in the [[Dagor Dagorath]], Tulkas will once more oppose [[Melkor]], and will directly fight him in the battle. The victor is unknown, But probably Melkor, For it will be [[Túrin]] who will slay Melkor.<ref name="Quenta">{{LR|Quenta}}</ref>{{rp|333}}

==Etymology==
The name ''Tulkas'' means in [[Quenya]] "steady, firm".<ref name="Etymologies">{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "TULUK"</ref> '''''Tulukhastāz''''' ("the golden-haired")<ref group="note">''Tulukhastāz'' is said to consist of the Valarin elements ''tulukha(n)'' ("yellow") and ''(a)šata-'' ("hair of head").</ref> was the original [[Valarin]] name for Tulkas.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 399</ref>

==Other names==
He was also called '''''Astaldo''''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "the Valiant").<ref name="vala" /> ''Astaldo'' replaced the earlier name ''Poldórëa''.<ref>{{HM|IX}}, p. 361</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 181 (forms: ''Poldórea'', ''Poldor'', ''Poldomo'')</ref><ref name="LT1III">{{LT1|III}}</ref><ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Poldórëa"</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Tulkas is referred as ''Afodfrea'' "Strength-ruler".<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

In an early manuscript, a considered surname was: '''''Ender''''', derived from '''''Enderō''''' ('[?virile] young bridegroom').<ref>{{VT|45a}}, p. 11</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| AUL |~| YAV | | VAN |~| ORO | | NES |~| TUL | |AUL=[[Aulë]]|YAV=[[Yavanna]]|VAN=[[Vána]]|ORO=[[Oromë]]|NES=[[Nessa]]|TUL='''TULKAS'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In some versions it is said that Tulkas was of the spirits who didn't come into [[Eä]]. In other versions, it is said that Tulkas was one of the spirits who entered the vast regions of Eä, until he came to Arda to help Manwë.<ref>{{MR|P2a}}, p. 52, §13</ref>

In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'' he did not come last and he was young but not the youngest of the great Valar ([[Ómar|Ómar Amillo]] was).<ref name="LT1III" /> [[Telimektar]] was his son.<ref>{{LT2|VI}}</ref>

In [[Noldorin]], his name was '''''Tolchas'''''.<ref name="Etymologies" />

{{References|note}}
{{Ainur}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Qenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

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Ulmo

2026-02-28T15:47:06Z

Unireverse: Added a short description. If anyone thinks "Lord of Waters" is more appropriate, please change it.

{{Short description|King of the Sea}}
{{sources}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Valar|Vala]]
| name=Ulmo
| image=John Howe - Ulmo.jpg
| caption="Ulmo, Lord of the Waters" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=[[Quenya]], {{IPA|[ˈulmo]}}
| othernames=''Ullubōz'' ([[Valarin|V]]) "King of the Sea", "Lord of Waters", "Dweller of the Deep", ''Ulu'', ''Gulma''
| titles=
| position=Lord of Waters
| location=[[Ekkaia]]<ref name=s1/>
| affiliation=[[Ossë]], [[Uinen]], and possibly [[Salmar]]
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Green armor
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Ulmo loves both Elves and Men, and never abandoned them, not even when they lay under the wrath of the Valar.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Valaquenta]]: Of the Valar"}}

'''Ulmo''' was a [[Valar|Vala]], also known as ''King of the Sea'', ''Lord of Waters'', and ''Dweller of the Deep''.<ref name="UT1">{{UT|1}}</ref> One of the mightiest of the [[Ainur]], he was third in majesty of the [[Aratar]], after [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]].

At several points Ulmo was notable for setting himself apart from his brethren, and also for being the friendliest to the [[Children of Eru]].

==Attributes==
Ulmo was the Lord of Waters and King of the Sea.<ref name="vala">{{S|IIb}}</ref> He was the Ainu most deeply instructed in music, and it was said that in water the [[Eldar]] could hear the echo of the [[Music of the Ainur]].<ref name="ai">{{S|I}}</ref> He lived in the deeps under [[Ambar]] who alone saw where he devised his music and whence he governed all waters, bays and rivers.<ref name="s1" /><ref name="vala" />

From the beginning Manwë had been his closest friend and ally and they came together when the vapors of the water become clouds high in the air, or mists and dew. The two most faithfully served the purpose of Eru.<ref name="ai" />

Ulmo was unique among the Valar in several ways; he was alone, taking no spouse among the [[Valier]]; he didn't dwell in [[Valinor]] but in [[Ekkaia]] from the beginning, preferring the deeps of the seas around and below [[Ambar]], and the rivers. He seldom appeared to the councils of his brethren, save in matters of great importance.<ref name="vala" />

Likewise, he seldomly wore a [[fana]] and rather came to the shores unseen or entered firths of the sea and rivers. It was said his spirit was in the very veins of the world. He spoke through the sound of water, and made music with his horns the [[Ulumúri]]. But whenever he appeared, he was dreadful and terrible "as a mounting wave that strides to the land"; he wore a dark foam-crested helm and a shimmering silver-green mail, and his voice was deep like the ocean.<ref name="vala" />

Ulmo cared about Arda and the Children of Eru, and through the veins of the world he kept in touch with them and saw every grief and need, and thus knew more of the goings on with them than even Manwë. Even while the Valar were secluded in Valinor or when the Children were under the wrath of his brethren, Ulmo, alone of the Valar, was the one who never forsook them.<ref name="s1">{{S|1}}</ref><ref name="vala" /> However, it was not done as rebellion towards other Valar, but because it was a role to which he was "appointed ere the making of the World".<ref name="UT1">{{UT|1}}</ref>

==History==
Ulmo was very close in friendship to Manwë before [[Ea]] was made, and although Manwë was the most dear to [[Ilúvatar]], of all the Ainur Ulmo was most deeply instructed in music. Ulmo with Manwë and [[Aulë]] were the architects of [[Arda]].<ref name="ai" /> Ulmo's vassal [[Ossë]], and Ossë's spouse [[Uinen]] were, to the elves, the best known of the [[Maiar]]. Through them Ulmo would learn much of the elves.<ref name="vala" />

When the Valar retreated to [[Valinor]], Ulmo remained to the Outer Sea, and while his brethren neglected the [[Outer Lands]] during the [[Sleep of Yavanna]], Ulmo kept the earth alive under the darkness.<ref name="s1">{{S|1}}</ref>

He seldomly came to the Councils of [[Máhanaxar]], such as the time when the Valar were to prepare to [[Battle of the Powers|attack]] Melkor's fortress of [[Utumno]]. He also was the chief of a minority of the Valar who believed that the Elves should remain free in [[Middle-earth]], and order and heal the hurts of the land with their skills and grace, but this opinion was overruled.<ref>{{S|3}}</ref>

Nevertheless he eventually helped them get to Aman, because he knew that was what they wanted, and he accepted that. He tore a great piece of land off the shores of [[Beleriand]] and used it to transport the Eldar to the blessed coasts of Aman. He anchored the island (it was renamed [[Tol Eressëa]]) in the [[Bay of Eldamar]], which he did because he knew the minds of the [[Teleri]].

When the time came for Melkor to be given a second chance and was pardoned, Ulmo and [[Tulkas]] were still distrustful of him, but both obeyed Manwë's bidding.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>

During the [[First Age]] Ulmo protected [[Sirion]] and [[Gelion]] and directed more than any other Vala the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. He urged [[Turgon]] to build [[Gondolin]] and [[Finrod]] to build [[Nargothrond]].

He chose [[Tuor]] as his instrument before his birth, by helping [[Huor]] and [[Húrin]] reach [[Gondolin]] and telling [[Turgon]] to accept him, as aid would come from the [[House of Hador]]. Years later, he guided [[Tuor]] directing him to Gondolin as a messenger for Turgon. Despite [[Ulmo's warning]], Turgon chose not to abandon Gondolin. Tuor eventually married Turgon's daughter [[Idril]] and fathered [[Eärendil]] the [[Half-elven]]; Ulmo saved [[Elwing]] from the sack of the Havens of [[Sirion]], and thus she took the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] to her husband Eärendil which allowed them to gain admittance to Valinor and plead for their mercy.

==Etymology==
The name ''Ulmo'' is said to derive from the [[Valarin]] '''''Ullubōz'''''.<ref name="Quendi">{{WJ|AD1}}</ref>

Alternatively, ''Ulmo'' is a [[Quenya]] title, which means "the Pourer", from ''[[ulya-]]'' ("to pour") + ''[[-mo]]'' (agentive ending "-er").<ref name="Quendi" />

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the earlier writings his [[Gnomish]] name was ''Gulma''.<ref>{{LT2|Appendix}}, p. 349, note "Ulmonan"</ref> Later his Gnomish name was '''''Ylmir'''''<ref>{{LB|1d}}, p. 93</ref><ref>{{SM|2}}, p. 13</ref> (see [[Tuor]]'s ''[[The Horns of Ylmir]]''). [[Noldorin]] translations of his name were given as '''''Nûron''''' and '''''Ulu'''''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "NŪ-" and "ULU"</ref><ref>{{VT|46a}}, p. 7</ref>

In the [[Gnomish Lexicon]] he is given the name '''Vailimo'''.<ref>{{PE|11}}</ref>{{rp|18}}

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Ulmo is referred to by various names: ''Garsecges frea'' ("Ocean ruler"), ''ealwaeter-frea'' ("All-waters ruler") or ''agendfrea ealra waetera'' ("owning lord of all waters").<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

His palace, on the bottom of the [[Outer Sea]], was called [[Ulmonan]].<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 270</ref>

==External links==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2014/05/13/why-did-ulmo-withdraw-his-power-from-the-waters-of-middle-earth-at-the-end-of-the-first-age/ Why Did Ulmo withdraw his Power from the Waters of Middle-earth at the end of the First Age?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{references}}

{{Ainur}}

{{gondolin}}

[[Category:Aratar]]
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Talk:Eldamar

2026-02-28T15:34:30Z

Unireverse: /* Etymology */ new section

== Etymology ==

Why does the ''etymology section state that elda means "high-elf"? And why does "elda" link to the Eldar article?''

{{User:Unireverse/sig}} 15:34, 28 February 2026 (UTC)

Mir

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