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TEK

2023-03-16T02:58:26Z

Unweg: /* Other versions */ typo

__NOTOC__
'''TEK''' is a [[Primitive Quendian]] [[Sundocarme|root]] signifying "sign; make a written mark". The root is related to [[TEÑ]].<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, pp. 43-44, 187 (root appearing as "√TEK" and "TEK-")</ref>

==Derivatives==

{{expansion}}

==Other versions==

In the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'' appears the root TEK- ("make a mark, write or draw (signs or letters)"), given several derivatives:<ref name=LR>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 391 (root appearing as "TEK-")</ref>

*[[Quenya]]: ''teke'' ("writes"); ''[[tehta]]'' ("a mark (in writing), sign, diacritic"); ''tengwanda'' ("alphabet"); ''tenkele'' ("writing system, spelling"); ''tekko'' ("stroke of pen or brush")

*[[Primitive Quendian]] ''tekla'' > [[Quenya]] ''tekil'' (pen)

*[[Noldorin]]: ''teitho'' ("write"); ''teith'' ("mark"); ''tîw'' ("letter"); ''tegl'', ''tegol'' ("pen")

In the ''Qenya Lexicon'' appears the root TEKE ("make marks").<ref>{{PE|12}}</ref><ref name=PE17/>

{{references}}
[[Category:Roots]]

Index:Unpublished material

2023-03-16T02:56:41Z

Unweg: /* Linguistics (invented languages) */ removed Lyenna inscription and Negation in Quenya, both have been published

This is a list of known '''Unpublished material by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'''. For a list of Tolkien's published writings, see [[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien]].
*''Note 1: Entries which have no article of their own carry references, otherwise references are found under each article.''
*''Note 2: Material which is only rumoured (i.e., where no reference has been found in a reliable published source), questionable, disputed, or similiar, are enclosed with parentheses''.

==Essays, Notes, and Lectures==
*"[[The Beginnings of English Poetry]]" (talk to the Oxford High School for Girls)<ref name=Addenda>{{webcite|author=[[Christina Scull]], [[Wayne G. Hammond]]|articleurl=http://www.hammondandscull.com/addenda/chronology.html|articlename=Addenda and Corrigenda to ''The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide'' (2006) Vol. 1: Chronology|dated=|website=HS|accessed=19 May 2012}}</ref>
*"[[Tolkien and Wales#Unpublished manuscripts|Celts and Teutons]]"
*"[[The Chill Barbarians of the North]]"
*[[Concerning ... 'The Hoard']]
*[[Critique of "Distressing Tale of Thangobrind the Jeweler"]]
*[[Cushing Memorial Library and Archives collection]]
*[[Diplomatarium Islandicum manuscripts|''Diplomatarium Islandicum'' manuscripts]]
*[[Elvish time]] (partially published)
*[[Essay concerning Smith of Wootton Major|Essay concerning ''Smith of Wootton Major'']] (partially published)
*(Essay, written in response to seeing [[Pauline Baynes]]'s depiction of various characters from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Tolkien described each member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] and some other persons as he pictured them — an invaluable aid to any illustrator of his work. [Bodleian Library, Oxford: Dept. of Western Manuscripts, Mss Tolkien A61, fols. 1—31.])<ref name=Plaza>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/archives/index.php?Archive=Second%20Age&TID=235015|articlename=Tolkien's Lecture Notes - publish or be damned!|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=11 May 2014}}</ref>
*"Francis Thompson" - paper on Francis Thompson, presented to the Exeter College Essay Club. (partially published)<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 205</ref>
*[[The Goths]]
*"[[The History of the 'Our Father' in English]]"
*[[Manuscript notes in Dictionary in Englysshe and Welshe|Manuscript notes in ''Dictionary in Englysshe and Welshe'']]
*Note about the location of the [[Dúnedain]] ("In January of 2000, [[David Salo]] shared the following information on the Internet: 'There is a short but hardly legible note which Tolkien wrote for insertion into the story of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]] (and which was not in the event used); it includes information about the location of the Dunedain. Because of the difficulty of the note, the information is not entirely clear, but it suggests that the Dunedain lived in woodlands between the [[Hoarwell|Mitheithel]] and [[Bruinen]]. Source: microfilms at [[Marquette University]], Series 3, Box 9, Folder 3.'")<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Michael Martinez]]|articleurl=http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=17;t=000253|articlename=Forum post|dated=7 July 2004|website=[http://www.minastirith.com/ minastirith.com]|accessed=16 April 2017}}</ref>
*Notes in Tolkien's copies of:
**([[List of books in Tolkien's library#Cairo Studies in English|''Cairo Studies in English'']])
**[[List of books in Tolkien's library#Der Indogermanische Ablaut|''Der Indogermanische Ablaut'']]
**''The New Testament in the Westminster Version of the Sacred Scriptures'' (Sands & Company Ltd 1947; contains "numerous notes and bibliographical amendments")<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Pieter Collier]]|articleurl=http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/tolkien-book-store/001343.htm|articlename=#001343 - The New Testament in the Westminster Version of the Sacred Scriptures, Signed By J.R.R. Tolkien|dated=|website=TL|accessed=14 December 2013}}</ref>
**''[[List of books in Tolkien's library#Portugais; phonétique et phonologie, morphologie, textes|Portugais; phonétique et phonologie, morphologie, textes]]''
**''[[List of books in Tolkien's library#|The Prioress's Tale and The Tale of Sir Thopas]]''
**''[[List of books in Tolkien's library#Probleme der Englischen Sprache und Kultur|Probleme der Englischen Sprache und Kultur]]''
**''[[Songs for the Philologists]]'' (held at the [[Marquette University]]; annotations in pencil)<ref>[[Dimitra Fimi]], [http://www.facebook.com/groups/6522796067/permalink/10151631395776068/ Post at The Tolkien Society page], dated 17 May 2013 at Facebook (accessed 17 May 2013)</ref>
**([[List of books in Tolkien's library#Specimens Of Early English|''Specimens Of Early English'']])
*[[Tolkien and Wales#Unpublished manuscripts|Notes on etymology of 'Lydney']]
*[[James Joyce|Notes on James Joyce]]
*[[Letter 297|Númenórean religion]]
*[[Tolkien and Wales#Unpublished manuscripts|Papers relating to "English and Welsh"]]
*Review (written ca. 1934-1935) of "the Devonshire volumes published by the English Place-Name Society in 1931 and 1932".<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 172</ref>
*[[Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem|Review notes for ''Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem'']]
*"[[The Ulsterior Motive]]"
*"[[On the translation of poetry]]'' (partially published)

==Drama==
*''The Bloodhound, the Chef, and the Suffragette''<ref>{{HM|Bio}}, p. 67</ref>

==Fiction==
*''[[Of Aulë and the Dwarves]]''
*''[[Anaxartamel]]''
*''[[Of the Ents and the Eagles]]''
*''[[Anaxartaron Onyalië]]''
*''[[The End of Bovadium]]''
*''[[The King of the Green Dozen]]''
*''[[The Orgog]]''
*''[[The Lay of the Fall of Gondolin]]''
*"The Brothers in Arms" (or "The Brothers-in-Arms")<ref name=CGC842>{{CG|C}}, p. 842</ref>
*"Companions of the Rose"<ref name=CGC843/>
*"Copernicus and Ptolemy" (or "Copernicus v. Ptolemy")<ref name=CGC843/>
*"The Dale-lands"<ref name=CGC843>{{CG|C}}, p. 843</ref>

==Poetry==
*''[[The Trumpets of Faerie]]''
*([[Rehabilitations and Other Essays|Unknown "alliterative poem"]])
*''[[Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay]]''
*"[[From the many-willow'd margin of the immemorial Thames|From the many-willow'd margin of the immemorial Thames (second stanza)]] [add note in article]
*"[[The Horns of Ylmir|The Grimness of the Sea]]" [add note in article]
*"[[The Horns of the Host of Doriath]]"<ref name=CGC848>{{CG|C}}, p. 848</ref>
*"[[Magna Dei Gloria]]"<ref name=CGC850>{{CG|C}}, p. 850</ref>
*"[[The Two Riders. Earlier versions]]"
*"[[The Brothers in Arms]]" (or The Brothers-inArms)
*"The Children of Húrin" (Another version in rhyming couplets of ''[[The Lay of the Children of Húrin]]'', abandoned early)<ref>{{LB|1}}, p. 130</ref>
*"[[Companions of the Rose]]"
*"[[The Complaint of Mîm the Dwarf]]" (only published in German)
*"[[Completorium]]"<ref name=CGC843/>
*"[[Completorium. Earlier called Evening]]"
*"[[Copernicus and Ptolemy]]" (or Copernicus v. Ptolemy). Earlier called ''Dark''.
*"[[Courage Speaks with the Love of Earth]]"
*"[[The Dale-lands]]". Earlier called ''The Dale Lands''.
*"[[Dark Are the Clouds about the North]]"
*"[[Darkness on the Road]]"
*"[[Doworst]]" (partially published)
*"[[A Dream of Coming Home]]"
*"[[Elf Alone]]". Earlier called ''The Lonely Harebell''.
*"[[Ferrum et Sanguis]]"
*"[[From Iffley]]"
*"[[The Forest-walker]]". Earlier called ''The Forest Walker''.
*"[[A Fragment of an Epic: Before Jerusalem Richard Makes an End of Speech]]"<ref>[[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]] ([[2017]]), ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]'' (Revised and Expanded Edition): I. Chronology, p. 30</ref>
*"[[G.B.S. Earlier called GBS]]"
*"[[The Grimness of the Sea]]"
*"[[The Horns of the Host of Doriath]]". An earlier version was called ''The Trumpets of Faery''.
*"[[May-day]]". Earlier called ''May Day'', ''May Day in a Backward Year''.
*"[[A Memory of Julyin England]]"
*"[[Meolchwitum sind marmanstane]]"
*"[[The Mermaid's Flute]]".
*"[[Monoceros, the Unicorn]]"
*"[[Morning]]"
*"[[Morning Song]]". Earlier called ''Morning-song''
*"[[Morning Tea]]"
*"[[The New Lemminkainen]]"
*"[[Now and Ever]]"
*"[[Old Grabbler]]". One of the Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay. Earlier called ''Poor Old Grabbler''.
*"[[Outside]]"
*"[[The Pool of the Dead Year]]"
*"[[Reginhardus the Fox]]"
*"[[A Rime for My Boy]]"
*"[[The Ruined Enchanter: A Fairy Ballad]]"
*"[[The Sirens]]"
*"[[Tol Eressea (poem)|Tol Eressea]]". An earlier version of ''The Lonely Isle''.
*"[[Twenty years have flowed away]]"
*"[[A Song of Bimble Bay]]". One of the Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay.
*"[[Sparrow Song]]" (Bilink). Earlier called ''Sparrowsong''.
*"[[Stella Vespertina]]". Earlier called ''Consolatrix Afflictorum''.
*"[[Sunset in a Town]]"
*"[[The Swallow and the Traveller on the Plains]]". Earlier called ''Thoughts on Parade''.
*"[[The Thatch of Poppies]]"
*"[[Vestr um Haf]]". Adapted as ''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]''.

==Letters==
{{main|Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"}}

==Linguistics (invented languages)==
*([[Asëa#Etymology|''athelas''/''asëa'' etymology (1970s)]])
*[[Book of the Foxrook]] (partially published)
*Common Eldarin pronominal elements (grammatical description; partially published)<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 14</ref><ref group=note>This manuscript appears to be included with the published "Quenya Pronominal Elements" (cf. {{VT|49b}}, p. 50).</ref>
*Discussion of Quenya demonstrative and relative pronouns (partially published; dating from the 1940s)<ref>{{PE|16}}, pp. 96-7</ref>
*"Homophonic stems" (partially published; ca. 1968, typescript text)<ref>{{VT|49a}}, p. 14</ref>
*[[Khuzdul]] phonology and root modifications<ref>{{webcite|author=Carl Hostetter|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/archives/index.php?Archive=archive&TID=161449|articlename=reply to: Khuzdul - mostly to Aelfwine/Carl Hostetter|dated=26 Nov 2004|website=Plaza|accessed=17 Apr 2017}}</ref>
*[[Mágol]]
*1930s Noldorin Grammar<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 44</ref>
*Notebook showing how Tolkien "experimented with Esperanto before creating his fictional Elvish languages"<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/whatson/whats-on/upcoming-events/2019/feb/babel-adventures-in-translation|articlename=Babel: Adventures in Translation|dated=|website=[http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk bodleian.ox.ac.uk]|accessed=30 January 2019}}</ref>
*Pronominal endings (1950s)<ref>{{VT|50a}}, p. 21</ref>
*[[Queen of Heaven]], a trilingual prayer to Varda.<ref>{{webcite||articleurl=http://www.omentielva.com/programme.htm|articlename=Omentielva Nertea: Programme|website=[http://www.omentielva.com/index.htm Omentielva: The International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien's Invented Languages]|accessed=22 August 2022}}</ref>
*Specimens of Tolkien's invented languages in [[tengwar]]-type script from the 1930s (might appear in "future issues of ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]''")<ref>{{PE|20}}, p. 5</ref>. These were published as Versions A and A′ of ''The Feanorian Alphabet'' in [[Parma Eldalamberon 22|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 22]], with a note that later Versions B and C are intended to be published "in future volumes of Parma Eldalamberon".<ref>{{PE|22}}, pp. 7-8</ref>
*[[Taliska]] historical grammar and dictionary<ref>{{VT|27a}}, pp. 5-6</ref>
*''Fëanorian Tengwar Mode for Taliska and Gothic''<ref>{{VT|35}}, p. 7</ref>
*[[Westron Tengwar|Alphabet of Fëanor: Numenian, or Westron, Mode]]"

==Miscellaneous==
*Annotated map of Middle-earth<ref>{{webcite|author=Alison Flood|articleurl=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/23/jrr-tolkien-middle-earth-annotated-map-blackwells-lord-of-the-rings|articlename=Tolkien's annotated map of Middle-earth discovered inside copy of Lord of the Rings|dated=23 October 2015|website=[http://www.theguardian.com/ theguardian.com]|accessed=24 October 2015}}</ref>
*''[[The Book of Ishness]]'' (partially published)
*[[Cigar bill (3 March 1972)]]
*Collection at the [[University of Leeds]] (includes letter [[Letter to Arthur Ransome]] and transcriptions into [[Tengwar]] of parts of this and Ransome's letter)<ref>{{CG|C}}, pp. 207-8</ref><ref name=Leeds>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/3305/tolkien_sales_are_not_very_great|articlename=Tolkien: "Sales are not very great"|dated=16 October 2012|website=[http://www.leeds.ac.uk/ University of Leeds]|accessed=21 October 2012}}</ref>
*Collection of [[Simonne d'Ardenne]] (includes letters, lecture notes, etc.; only a ''[[tengwar]]'' inscription from the collection published)<ref>Nathalie Kotowski, "Letter to the Editor", in [[Vinyar Tengwar 23|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 23]] ([[1992]]), p. 16</ref>
*[[The Diaries of J.R.R. Tolkien]] (partially published)
*[[English to Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]]
*"A few minor items" related to the [[Letters from Father Christmas|''Father Christmas'' letters]] ("verso inscriptions", "a couple of plainer envelopes ... and a couple of brief notes")<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]]|articleurl=http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2012/11/06/the-father-christmas-letters-4/|articlename=The ‘Father Christmas’ Letters (comments section)|dated=21 November 2012|website=HS|accessed=24 March 2013}}</ref>
*[[Index questions|"Index questions" (Glossary-index)]] (partially published)
*[[Oxford University visitor's page]]
*"[[T.H. White|''The Sword of the Stone'' manuscript]]"

==Translations and editions==
*[[Beowulf (poem)|''Beowulf'' (alliterative translation)]]<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Michael D.C. Drout]]|articleurl=http://wormtalk.blogspot.com/2014/05/jrr-tolkiens-beowulf-translation.html|articlename=J.R.R. Tolkien's ''Beowulf'' Translation|dated=26 May 2014|website=[http://wormtalk.blogspot.com/ Wormtalk and Slugspeak]|accessed=30 May 2014}}</ref>
*the "[[Clarendon Chaucer]]"
*"Gunnar's End". [Translation of brief passage from the Norse ''[[Wikipedia:Atlakviða|Atlakviða]]'' into [[Old English]] verse.]<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 847</ref>
*''[[The Owl and the Nightingale]]''
*''[[Wikipedia:Ormulum|Ormulum]]''<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Anders Stenström|Beregond, Anders Stenström]]|articleurl=http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/23-oktober-2014/|articlename=Tolkienseminariet 23 oktober 2014|dated=19 October 2015|website=[http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/ tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com]|accessed=19 October 2015}}</ref>
*''[[Pwyll Prince of Dyved]]''
*(''[[Die Walküre]]'')

{{references|note}}
[[Category:Index]]

Index talk:Unpublished material

2023-03-16T02:55:43Z

Unweg:

When updating the references for [[Negation in Quenya]] I noticed that all of the unpublished material cited therein has since been published in PE17 and PE22. Can we therefore remove this from the list of Unpublished material?
The same goes for the Lyenna inscription, which was published and analyzed in Vinyar Tengwar 47.
[[User:Unweg|Unweg]] ([[User talk:Unweg|talk]]) 16:41, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

Since no one has commented for or against, I will go ahead with removing those two from this list. [[User:Unweg|Unweg]] ([[User talk:Unweg|talk]]) 02:55, 16 March 2023 (UTC)

User talk:Oromë

2023-03-16T02:52:10Z

Unweg: re: VT03

{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Oromë}}

-- [[User:Mith|'''Mith''']] ([[User talk:Mith|'''Talk''']]/[[Special:Contributions/Mith|Contribs]]/[[Special:Editcount/Mith/Edits|Edits]]) 02:35, 28 April 2021 (UTC)

Regarding Vinyar Tengwar 3, I checked my copy and it doesn't give a title for the artwork. You're right that it's by Patrick Wynne; it says it was inspired by an article called "On Orcs" by Tom Loback, so that's probably where the mixup ensued from. [[User:Unweg|Unweg]] ([[User talk:Unweg|talk]]) 02:52, 16 March 2023 (UTC)

User:Unweg

2023-03-07T18:51:47Z

Unweg:

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-ya

2023-03-07T18:20:24Z

Unweg: added bit on -nya

'''''-ya''''' is a [[Quenya]] suffix of endearment.<ref>{{UT|15}}</ref> This may be the same as the possessive suffix [[-nya]] "my" as found in [[onya]] "my child" (from ''on-nya''), ''atya'' "my father", and ''amya'' "mother''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 170</ref>
==Examples==
* '''Anardilya''' = "dear Anardil"<ref>{{UT|4}}</ref>
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:ya}}
[[Category:Quenya suffixes]]

Onya

2023-03-07T18:18:04Z

Unweg: added bit on son/daughter I missed

{{Cleanup}}
'''Onya''' is a [[Quenya]] word with two possible meanings:

# a term of address simply meaning 'my son'. Its only recorded use is between [[Meneldur]] and his son [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]], but there is reason to believe that it was more widely used, at least among noble [[Men]]. Its opposite was [[Atarinya]], "my father", and we know that this was used by the [[Exiles of Númenor]] long after Meneldur's time, so it's reasonable to assume that the word onya survived in use at least into the [[Third Age]], too.

# a word for [[Ent]].

Tolkien wrote that the normal word for "child" is ''onna'' or ''onwe'', and that ''onya'' (which can be used to address either a son or daughter) is formed with the 1st person possessive suffix, ''on-nya'' "my child", comparable to ''atya'' "my father" and ''amya'' "my mother''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 170</ref>

{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[fi:Onya]]

Index talk:Unpublished material

2023-03-07T16:41:59Z

Unweg: questions about removing content that has since been published

Index:Unpublished material

2023-03-07T16:38:09Z

Unweg: /* Linguistics (invented languages) */ added info from PE22, date for Noldorin grammar

This is a list of known '''Unpublished material by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'''. For a list of Tolkien's published writings, see [[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien]].
*''Note 1: Entries which have no article of their own carry references, otherwise references are found under each article.''
*''Note 2: Material which is only rumoured (i.e., where no reference has been found in a reliable published source), questionable, disputed, or similiar, are enclosed with parentheses''.

==Essays, Notes, and Lectures==
*"[[The Beginnings of English Poetry]]" (talk to the Oxford High School for Girls)<ref name=Addenda>{{webcite|author=[[Christina Scull]], [[Wayne G. Hammond]]|articleurl=http://www.hammondandscull.com/addenda/chronology.html|articlename=Addenda and Corrigenda to ''The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide'' (2006) Vol. 1: Chronology|dated=|website=HS|accessed=19 May 2012}}</ref>
*"[[Tolkien and Wales#Unpublished manuscripts|Celts and Teutons]]"
*"[[The Chill Barbarians of the North]]"
*[[Concerning ... 'The Hoard']]
*[[Critique of "Distressing Tale of Thangobrind the Jeweler"]]
*[[Cushing Memorial Library and Archives collection]]
*[[Diplomatarium Islandicum manuscripts|''Diplomatarium Islandicum'' manuscripts]]
*[[Elvish time]] (partially published)
*[[Essay concerning Smith of Wootton Major|Essay concerning ''Smith of Wootton Major'']] (partially published)
*(Essay, written in response to seeing [[Pauline Baynes]]'s depiction of various characters from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Tolkien described each member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] and some other persons as he pictured them — an invaluable aid to any illustrator of his work. [Bodleian Library, Oxford: Dept. of Western Manuscripts, Mss Tolkien A61, fols. 1—31.])<ref name=Plaza>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/archives/index.php?Archive=Second%20Age&TID=235015|articlename=Tolkien's Lecture Notes - publish or be damned!|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=11 May 2014}}</ref>
*"Francis Thompson" - paper on Francis Thompson, presented to the Exeter College Essay Club. (partially published)<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 205</ref>
*[[The Goths]]
*"[[The History of the 'Our Father' in English]]"
*[[Manuscript notes in Dictionary in Englysshe and Welshe|Manuscript notes in ''Dictionary in Englysshe and Welshe'']]
*Note about the location of the [[Dúnedain]] ("In January of 2000, [[David Salo]] shared the following information on the Internet: 'There is a short but hardly legible note which Tolkien wrote for insertion into the story of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]] (and which was not in the event used); it includes information about the location of the Dunedain. Because of the difficulty of the note, the information is not entirely clear, but it suggests that the Dunedain lived in woodlands between the [[Hoarwell|Mitheithel]] and [[Bruinen]]. Source: microfilms at [[Marquette University]], Series 3, Box 9, Folder 3.'")<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Michael Martinez]]|articleurl=http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=17;t=000253|articlename=Forum post|dated=7 July 2004|website=[http://www.minastirith.com/ minastirith.com]|accessed=16 April 2017}}</ref>
*Notes in Tolkien's copies of:
**([[List of books in Tolkien's library#Cairo Studies in English|''Cairo Studies in English'']])
**[[List of books in Tolkien's library#Der Indogermanische Ablaut|''Der Indogermanische Ablaut'']]
**''The New Testament in the Westminster Version of the Sacred Scriptures'' (Sands & Company Ltd 1947; contains "numerous notes and bibliographical amendments")<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Pieter Collier]]|articleurl=http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/tolkien-book-store/001343.htm|articlename=#001343 - The New Testament in the Westminster Version of the Sacred Scriptures, Signed By J.R.R. Tolkien|dated=|website=TL|accessed=14 December 2013}}</ref>
**''[[List of books in Tolkien's library#Portugais; phonétique et phonologie, morphologie, textes|Portugais; phonétique et phonologie, morphologie, textes]]''
**''[[List of books in Tolkien's library#|The Prioress's Tale and The Tale of Sir Thopas]]''
**''[[List of books in Tolkien's library#Probleme der Englischen Sprache und Kultur|Probleme der Englischen Sprache und Kultur]]''
**''[[Songs for the Philologists]]'' (held at the [[Marquette University]]; annotations in pencil)<ref>[[Dimitra Fimi]], [http://www.facebook.com/groups/6522796067/permalink/10151631395776068/ Post at The Tolkien Society page], dated 17 May 2013 at Facebook (accessed 17 May 2013)</ref>
**([[List of books in Tolkien's library#Specimens Of Early English|''Specimens Of Early English'']])
*[[Tolkien and Wales#Unpublished manuscripts|Notes on etymology of 'Lydney']]
*[[James Joyce|Notes on James Joyce]]
*[[Letter 297|Númenórean religion]]
*[[Tolkien and Wales#Unpublished manuscripts|Papers relating to "English and Welsh"]]
*Review (written ca. 1934-1935) of "the Devonshire volumes published by the English Place-Name Society in 1931 and 1932".<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 172</ref>
*[[Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem|Review notes for ''Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem'']]
*"[[The Ulsterior Motive]]"
*"[[On the translation of poetry]]'' (partially published)

==Drama==
*''The Bloodhound, the Chef, and the Suffragette''<ref>{{HM|Bio}}, p. 67</ref>

==Fiction==
*''[[Of Aulë and the Dwarves]]''
*''[[Anaxartamel]]''
*''[[Of the Ents and the Eagles]]''
*''[[Anaxartaron Onyalië]]''
*''[[The End of Bovadium]]''
*''[[The King of the Green Dozen]]''
*''[[The Orgog]]''
*''[[The Lay of the Fall of Gondolin]]''
*"The Brothers in Arms" (or "The Brothers-in-Arms")<ref name=CGC842>{{CG|C}}, p. 842</ref>
*"Companions of the Rose"<ref name=CGC843/>
*"Copernicus and Ptolemy" (or "Copernicus v. Ptolemy")<ref name=CGC843/>
*"The Dale-lands"<ref name=CGC843>{{CG|C}}, p. 843</ref>

==Poetry==
*''[[The Trumpets of Faerie]]''
*([[Rehabilitations and Other Essays|Unknown "alliterative poem"]])
*''[[Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay]]''
*"[[From the many-willow'd margin of the immemorial Thames|From the many-willow'd margin of the immemorial Thames (second stanza)]] [add note in article]
*"[[The Horns of Ylmir|The Grimness of the Sea]]" [add note in article]
*"[[The Horns of the Host of Doriath]]"<ref name=CGC848>{{CG|C}}, p. 848</ref>
*"[[Magna Dei Gloria]]"<ref name=CGC850>{{CG|C}}, p. 850</ref>
*"[[The Two Riders. Earlier versions]]"
*"[[The Brothers in Arms]]" (or The Brothers-inArms)
*"The Children of Húrin" (Another version in rhyming couplets of ''[[The Lay of the Children of Húrin]]'', abandoned early)<ref>{{LB|1}}, p. 130</ref>
*"[[Companions of the Rose]]"
*"[[The Complaint of Mîm the Dwarf]]" (only published in German)
*"[[Completorium]]"<ref name=CGC843/>
*"[[Completorium. Earlier called Evening]]"
*"[[Copernicus and Ptolemy]]" (or Copernicus v. Ptolemy). Earlier called ''Dark''.
*"[[Courage Speaks with the Love of Earth]]"
*"[[The Dale-lands]]". Earlier called ''The Dale Lands''.
*"[[Dark Are the Clouds about the North]]"
*"[[Darkness on the Road]]"
*"[[Doworst]]" (partially published)
*"[[A Dream of Coming Home]]"
*"[[Elf Alone]]". Earlier called ''The Lonely Harebell''.
*"[[Ferrum et Sanguis]]"
*"[[From Iffley]]"
*"[[The Forest-walker]]". Earlier called ''The Forest Walker''.
*"[[A Fragment of an Epic: Before Jerusalem Richard Makes an End of Speech]]"<ref>[[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]] ([[2017]]), ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]'' (Revised and Expanded Edition): I. Chronology, p. 30</ref>
*"[[G.B.S. Earlier called GBS]]"
*"[[The Grimness of the Sea]]"
*"[[The Horns of the Host of Doriath]]". An earlier version was called ''The Trumpets of Faery''.
*"[[May-day]]". Earlier called ''May Day'', ''May Day in a Backward Year''.
*"[[A Memory of Julyin England]]"
*"[[Meolchwitum sind marmanstane]]"
*"[[The Mermaid's Flute]]".
*"[[Monoceros, the Unicorn]]"
*"[[Morning]]"
*"[[Morning Song]]". Earlier called ''Morning-song''
*"[[Morning Tea]]"
*"[[The New Lemminkainen]]"
*"[[Now and Ever]]"
*"[[Old Grabbler]]". One of the Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay. Earlier called ''Poor Old Grabbler''.
*"[[Outside]]"
*"[[The Pool of the Dead Year]]"
*"[[Reginhardus the Fox]]"
*"[[A Rime for My Boy]]"
*"[[The Ruined Enchanter: A Fairy Ballad]]"
*"[[The Sirens]]"
*"[[Tol Eressea (poem)|Tol Eressea]]". An earlier version of ''The Lonely Isle''.
*"[[Twenty years have flowed away]]"
*"[[A Song of Bimble Bay]]". One of the Tales and Songs of Bimble Bay.
*"[[Sparrow Song]]" (Bilink). Earlier called ''Sparrowsong''.
*"[[Stella Vespertina]]". Earlier called ''Consolatrix Afflictorum''.
*"[[Sunset in a Town]]"
*"[[The Swallow and the Traveller on the Plains]]". Earlier called ''Thoughts on Parade''.
*"[[The Thatch of Poppies]]"
*"[[Vestr um Haf]]". Adapted as ''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]''.

==Letters==
{{main|Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"}}

==Linguistics (invented languages)==
*([[Asëa#Etymology|''athelas''/''asëa'' etymology (1970s)]])
*[[Book of the Foxrook]] (partially published)
*Common Eldarin pronominal elements (grammatical description; partially published)<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 14</ref><ref group=note>This manuscript appears to be included with the published "Quenya Pronominal Elements" (cf. {{VT|49b}}, p. 50).</ref>
*Discussion of Quenya demonstrative and relative pronouns (partially published; dating from the 1940s)<ref>{{PE|16}}, pp. 96-7</ref>
*"Homophonic stems" (partially published; ca. 1968, typescript text)<ref>{{VT|49a}}, p. 14</ref>
*[[Khuzdul]] phonology and root modifications<ref>{{webcite|author=Carl Hostetter|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/archives/index.php?Archive=archive&TID=161449|articlename=reply to: Khuzdul - mostly to Aelfwine/Carl Hostetter|dated=26 Nov 2004|website=Plaza|accessed=17 Apr 2017}}</ref>
*[https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c35d362cbcf800f43b243 "Lyenna" inscription (1968, message 149.58)]
*[[Mágol]]
*[[Negation in Quenya|"Late essay", ca. 1966-70]] (partially published)
*1930s Noldorin Grammar<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 44</ref>
*Notebook showing how Tolkien "experimented with Esperanto before creating his fictional Elvish languages"<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/whatson/whats-on/upcoming-events/2019/feb/babel-adventures-in-translation|articlename=Babel: Adventures in Translation|dated=|website=[http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk bodleian.ox.ac.uk]|accessed=30 January 2019}}</ref>
*Pronominal endings (1950s)<ref>{{VT|50a}}, p. 21</ref>
*[[Queen of Heaven]], a trilingual prayer to Varda.<ref>{{webcite||articleurl=http://www.omentielva.com/programme.htm|articlename=Omentielva Nertea: Programme|website=[http://www.omentielva.com/index.htm Omentielva: The International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien's Invented Languages]|accessed=22 August 2022}}</ref>
*Specimens of Tolkien's invented languages in [[tengwar]]-type script from the 1930s (might appear in "future issues of ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]''")<ref>{{PE|20}}, p. 5</ref>. These were published as Versions A and A′ of ''The Feanorian Alphabet'' in [[Parma Eldalamberon 22|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 22]], with a note that later Versions B and C are intended to be published "in future volumes of Parma Eldalamberon".<ref>{{PE|22}}, pp. 7-8</ref>
*[[Taliska]] historical grammar and dictionary<ref>{{VT|27a}}, pp. 5-6</ref>
*''Fëanorian Tengwar Mode for Taliska and Gothic''<ref>{{VT|35}}, p. 7</ref>
*[[Westron Tengwar|Alphabet of Fëanor: Numenian, or Westron, Mode]]"

==Miscellaneous==
*Annotated map of Middle-earth<ref>{{webcite|author=Alison Flood|articleurl=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/23/jrr-tolkien-middle-earth-annotated-map-blackwells-lord-of-the-rings|articlename=Tolkien's annotated map of Middle-earth discovered inside copy of Lord of the Rings|dated=23 October 2015|website=[http://www.theguardian.com/ theguardian.com]|accessed=24 October 2015}}</ref>
*''[[The Book of Ishness]]'' (partially published)
*[[Cigar bill (3 March 1972)]]
*Collection at the [[University of Leeds]] (includes letter [[Letter to Arthur Ransome]] and transcriptions into [[Tengwar]] of parts of this and Ransome's letter)<ref>{{CG|C}}, pp. 207-8</ref><ref name=Leeds>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/3305/tolkien_sales_are_not_very_great|articlename=Tolkien: "Sales are not very great"|dated=16 October 2012|website=[http://www.leeds.ac.uk/ University of Leeds]|accessed=21 October 2012}}</ref>
*Collection of [[Simonne d'Ardenne]] (includes letters, lecture notes, etc.; only a ''[[tengwar]]'' inscription from the collection published)<ref>Nathalie Kotowski, "Letter to the Editor", in [[Vinyar Tengwar 23|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 23]] ([[1992]]), p. 16</ref>
*[[The Diaries of J.R.R. Tolkien]] (partially published)
*[[English to Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]]
*"A few minor items" related to the [[Letters from Father Christmas|''Father Christmas'' letters]] ("verso inscriptions", "a couple of plainer envelopes ... and a couple of brief notes")<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]]|articleurl=http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2012/11/06/the-father-christmas-letters-4/|articlename=The ‘Father Christmas’ Letters (comments section)|dated=21 November 2012|website=HS|accessed=24 March 2013}}</ref>
*[[Index questions|"Index questions" (Glossary-index)]] (partially published)
*[[Oxford University visitor's page]]
*"[[T.H. White|''The Sword of the Stone'' manuscript]]"

==Translations and editions==
*[[Beowulf (poem)|''Beowulf'' (alliterative translation)]]<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Michael D.C. Drout]]|articleurl=http://wormtalk.blogspot.com/2014/05/jrr-tolkiens-beowulf-translation.html|articlename=J.R.R. Tolkien's ''Beowulf'' Translation|dated=26 May 2014|website=[http://wormtalk.blogspot.com/ Wormtalk and Slugspeak]|accessed=30 May 2014}}</ref>
*the "[[Clarendon Chaucer]]"
*"Gunnar's End". [Translation of brief passage from the Norse ''[[Wikipedia:Atlakviða|Atlakviða]]'' into [[Old English]] verse.]<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 847</ref>
*''[[The Owl and the Nightingale]]''
*''[[Wikipedia:Ormulum|Ormulum]]''<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Anders Stenström|Beregond, Anders Stenström]]|articleurl=http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/23-oktober-2014/|articlename=Tolkienseminariet 23 oktober 2014|dated=19 October 2015|website=[http://tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com/ tolkienseminariet.wordpress.com]|accessed=19 October 2015}}</ref>
*''[[Pwyll Prince of Dyved]]''
*(''[[Die Walküre]]'')

{{references|note}}
[[Category:Index]]

Negation in Quenya

2023-03-07T16:22:52Z

Unweg: fixed reference I accidentally broke

'''Negation in Quenya''' is the title of an article by [[Bill Welden]], published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]; pp. 32-4).<ref name=VT42>{{VT|42e}}</ref>

Welden addresses the issue of how to express negation in [[Quenya]] by quoting from several [[Index:Unpublished material|unpublished manuscripts]] by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]:

*"List of roots and derivatives" - dated December [[1959]].<ref name=VT42/> The complete manuscript was later published in [[Parma Eldalamberon 17|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 17]] ([[2007]]) as "Eldarin Roots and Stems".<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 143-145</ref>
*"Unpublished essay on comparison"" - <ref name=VT42/> Further quotes from this essay appeared in [[Vinyar Tengwar 47|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 47]] ([[2005]]; p. 30, note 44 and p. 37, note 58). Editor [[Patrick H. Wynne]] suggests that the essay was composed in "''late [[1966]] or afterwards''", by noting Tolkien's reference to a question from [[Dick Plotz|Plotz]] (while preparing an [[Index:Interviews with J.R.R. Tolkien|interview]] for ''[[Seventeen]]'') dated November 1966.<ref>{{VT|47a}}, pp. 30 (note 44), 37 (note 58)</ref> This was later published in full in [[Parma Eldalamberon 17|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 17]].<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 90-94</ref>
*"Late essay" - likely dating from ca. [[1970]].<ref name=VT42/> This was later published in full in [[Parma Eldalamberon 22|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 22]] as "Late Notes on Verb Structure".<ref>{{PE|22}}, pp. 141-168</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Published articles]]

Negation in Quenya

2023-03-07T16:20:42Z

Unweg: "vocabulary list" from 1960 seems to be the same as D59 "list of roots and derivatives" from Dec. 1959, so I cut that

'''Negation in Quenya''' is the title of an article by [[Bill Welden]], published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]; pp. 32-4).

Welden addresses the issue of how to express negation in [[Quenya]] by quoting from several [[Index:Unpublished material|unpublished manuscripts]] by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]:

*"List of roots and derivatives" - dated December [[1959]].<ref name=VT42/> The complete manuscript was later published in [[Parma Eldalamberon 17|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 17]] ([[2007]]) as "Eldarin Roots and Stems".<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 143-145</ref>
*"Unpublished essay on comparison"" - <ref name=VT42/> Further quotes from this essay appeared in [[Vinyar Tengwar 47|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 47]] ([[2005]]; p. 30, note 44 and p. 37, note 58). Editor [[Patrick H. Wynne]] suggests that the essay was composed in "''late [[1966]] or afterwards''", by noting Tolkien's reference to a question from [[Dick Plotz|Plotz]] (while preparing an [[Index:Interviews with J.R.R. Tolkien|interview]] for ''[[Seventeen]]'') dated November 1966.<ref>{{VT|47a}}, pp. 30 (note 44), 37 (note 58)</ref> This was later published in full in [[Parma Eldalamberon 17|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 17]].<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 90-94</ref>
*"Late essay" - likely dating from ca. [[1970]].<ref name=VT42/> This was later published in full in [[Parma Eldalamberon 22|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 22]] as "Late Notes on Verb Structure".<ref>{{PE|22}}, pp. 141-168</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Published articles]]

Negation in Quenya

2023-03-07T16:16:50Z

Unweg: fixed citations/descriptions and added new info from PE17 and PE22

'''Negation in Quenya''' is the title of an article by [[Bill Welden]], published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 42]] ([[2001]]; pp. 32-4).

Welden addresses the issue of how to express negation in [[Quenya]] by quoting from several [[Index:Unpublished material|unpublished manuscripts]] by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]:

*"Vocabulary list" - probably dating from around [[1960]].<ref name=VT42>{{VT|42e}}</ref>
*"List of roots and derivatives" - dated December [[1959]].<ref name=VT42/> The complete manuscript was later published in [[Parma Eldalamberon 17|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 17]] ([[2007]]) as "Eldarin Roots and Stems".<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 143-145</ref>
*"Unpublished essay on comparison"" - <ref name=VT42/> Further quotes from this essay appeared in [[Vinyar Tengwar 47|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 47]] ([[2005]]; p. 30, note 44 and p. 37, note 58). Editor [[Patrick H. Wynne]] suggests that the essay was composed in "''late [[1966]] or afterwards''", by noting Tolkien's reference to a question from [[Dick Plotz|Plotz]] (while preparing an [[Index:Interviews with J.R.R. Tolkien|interview]] for ''[[Seventeen]]'') dated November 1966.<ref>{{VT|47a}}, pp. 30 (note 44), 37 (note 58)</ref> This was later published in full in [[Parma Eldalamberon 17|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 17]].<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 90-94</ref>
*"Late essay" - likely dating from ca. [[1970]].<ref name=VT42/> This was later published in full in [[Parma Eldalamberon 22|''Parma Eldalamberon'' 22]] as "Late Notes on Verb Structure".<ref>{{PE|22}}, pp. 141-168</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Published articles]]

Arktik

2023-03-07T15:34:18Z

Unweg: added new Arktik sentence

__NOTOC__
{{stub}}
'''Arktik''' (or '''Arctic'''<ref>{{LFC|1937}}</ref>) was the language spoken by the folk of the [[North Pole]]: the [[Red Elves]], the [[Polar Bear]], and others.<ref>{{LFC|1929a}}</ref>

==The Arktik sentence==
A sample of Arktik is seen in one of the letters:
'''''Mára mesta an ni véla tye ento, ya rato nea''''', which the Polar Bear translates as "Good-bye until I see you next, and I hope it will be soon."

Another sample of Arktik was published in 2019 in the deluxe version of the [[Letters from Father Christmas]], dating from [[1929]]:<ref>{{webcite|website=Lambengolmor mailing list|author=Damien|articleurl=https://tolkienlistsearch.herokuapp.com/message/5e9c3605acad32fd587a3ac9|articlename=New Arctic sentence on 1929 envelope published in Deluxe version of the Letters from Father Christmas}}</ref>
'''''Raiqe! Telkume kiryandon nolo.'''''

==Inspiration==
Although the ''[[Letters from Father Christmas]]'' are not part of the [[legendarium]], the known sample of Arktik written by Tolkien is actually [[Qenya]], which he had developed by then.<ref>{{webcite|website=Arda|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/corpus.htm|articlename=The Quenya Corpus}}</ref>

[[:Category:Linguists|Tolkien linguists]] sometimes refer to it as '''Arctic Q(u)enya'''.<ref>{{VT|41c}}, p. 16; {{VT|47a}}, p. 40</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Ryszard Derdziński]]|articleurl=http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/bibliography.htm|articlename=Tolkien's Linguistic Writings and Drafts|website=[http://www.elvish.org Elvish.org]}}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/arctic.html Text, translation and audio] at [[Glǽmscrafu]]

{{references}}
{{languages}}
{{WLFC}}
[[Category:Letters from Father Christmas]]
[[Category:Quenya]]
[[Category:Quenya texts]]
[[fi:Arktin kieli]]

Onya

2023-03-07T15:28:02Z

Unweg: added info from PE17

{{Cleanup}}
'''Onya''' is a [[Quenya]] word with two possible meanings:

# a term of address simply meaning 'my son'. Its only recorded use is between [[Meneldur]] and his son [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]], but there is reason to believe that it was more widely used, at least among noble [[Men]]. Its opposite was [[Atarinya]], "my father", and we know that this was used by the [[Exiles of Númenor]] long after Meneldur's time, so it's reasonable to assume that the word onya survived in use at least into the [[Third Age]], too.

# a word for [[Ent]].

Tolkien wrote that the normal word for "child" is ''onna'' or ''onwe'', and that ''onya'' is formed with the 1st person possessive suffix, ''on-nya'' "my child", comparable to ''atya'' "my father" and ''amya'' "my mother''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 170</ref>

{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[fi:Onya]]

Nor-

2023-03-07T15:23:21Z

Unweg: added more forms from PE17

'''''nor-''''' is a verb meaning "run" or "leap" (of men and animals using legs: ''not'' of fluids etc.) in both [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 18, 168, 169</ref>

==Other forms in Quenya==
*''norne'' = pa.t. "ran"
*''norta-'' = "make run, specially used of riding horses or other animals" with form ''nortanen'' "I rode"
*''norie, norme'' = "race, running"

==Other forms in Sindarin==
*''noro'' = imperative
*''onur'' = pa.t. "ran"
*''northa-'' = same as Quenya ''norta-''
*''north'' = "a riding, a race (of people running), a charge or gallop"

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya verbs]]
[[Category:Sindarin verbs]]

Omentielva

2023-03-07T15:12:58Z

Unweg: added info for 8th, 9th, Onatsie, and 10th conferences

'''Omentielva''' (also the International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented Languages) is a biennial scholarly conference for the invented languages of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. The name of the conference comes from the [[Quenya]] word for "meeting", ''[[omentie]]''. The meetings are all numbered using the appropriate Quenya ordinal. Thus, the first meeting is called Omentielva Minya (literally "first meeting").

The proceedings of the Conference are published as ''[[Arda Philology]]''.

==Omentielva Minya==
The First International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented Languages was held from August 4 through August 8, 2005 at the University of Stockholm, Sweden.<ref>[http://www.omentielva.com/ominya.htm Stockholm 2005]</ref>

==Omentielva Tatya==
The Second International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented Languages was held from August 8 through August 11, 2007 at Lessius Hogeschool, Antwerp, Belgium.<ref>[http://www.omentielva.com/otatya.htm Antwerp 2007]</ref>

==Omentielva Nelya==
The Third International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented Languages was held from August 6 through August 9, 2009 in Whitehaven, England.<ref>[http://www.omentielva.com/onelya.htm Whitehaven 2009]</ref>

==Omentielva Cantea==
The Fourth International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented Languages was held from August 11 through August 14, 2011 at Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.<ref>[http://www.omentielva.com/ocantea.htm Valencia 2011]</ref>

==Omentielva Lempea==
The Fifth International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented Languages was held from August 8 through August 11, 2013 at Arkadia International Bookshop, Helsinki, Finland.<ref>[http://www.omentielva.com/olempea.htm Helsinki 2013]</ref>

==Omentielva Enquea==
The Sixth International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented Languages was held from August 6 through August 9, 2015 at Greisinger Museum, Jenins, Switzerland.<ref>[http://www.omentielva.com/oenquea.htm Jenins 2015]</ref>

==Omentielva Otsea==
The Seventh International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented Languages was held from August 10 through August 13, 2017 at California State University's Hayward Campus in the eastern San Francisco Bay area.<ref>[http://www.omentielva.com/ootsea.htm California 2017]</ref>

==Omentielva Toltea==
The Eighth International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien's Invented Languages was held from August 1 through August 4, 2019 at the University of Iceland and Gröndalshús in Reykjavik, Iceland.<ref>[https://omentielva.com/otoltea.htm Reykjavik 2019]</ref>

==Onatsie==
The Ninth International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien's Invented Languages was originally supposed to be held in August 2021 but had to be postponed; in its place an online discussion called Onatsie was held on August 6 and 7, 2021.<ref>[https://omentielva.com/onatsie21.htm Onatsie]</ref>

==Omentielva Nertea==
The Ninth International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien's Invented Languages was held from August 4 through August 7, 2022 at the Collegium Maius, Jagiellonian University in Kraków and and Hotel Załęże in Katowice, Poland.<ref>[https://omentielva.com/onertea.htm Katowice 2022]</ref>

==Omentielva Quainea==
The Tenth International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien's Invented Languages is scheduled to be held in August 2024 in France.<ref>[https://omentielva.com/next.htm Next]</ref>

{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://www.facebook.com/groups/145571981222/ Omentielva Facebook group]

[[Category:Tolkien studies]]
[[Category:Conventions]]
[[fi:Omentielva]]

Letter to Campbell

2017-10-11T03:52:13Z

Unweg: fixed 2 typos in transcription

On [[28 July]] [[1973]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to Campbell'''.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Centre for Research Collections, University of Edinburgh]]|articleurl=https://www.facebook.com/crc.edinburgh/photos/pcb.1558067664275548/1558062620942719/|articlename=(Timeline photo)|dated=10 October 2017|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=10 october 2017}}</ref>

*'''Subject:''' an autograph letter from J.R.R. Tolkien to Professor Campbell, thanking him for the award of an Honorary Degree.
*'''Description:''' Autograph letter, 1 page. Signed by Tolkien.
*'''Publication:''' Not published.

==Transcription==
{{blockquote|July 28th 1973 
Dear Professor Campbell, I have now returned to Oxford after some further travelling, and write, rather belated- ly to thank you for your part in the events of
July 11th and 12th, which both in feasting and
in ceremonial were to me the most resplendent
academic occasion in which I have taken part.
The festive occasions to my own surprise I sur
-vived with unmarred pleasure, owing to the
generous substitution of whisky for wine, and
I am confirmed in my doctor's advice: 'you
must transfer your allegiance wholly from
Bacchus to Ceres'. At the laureation I
felt like a hobbit would: as is exhibited in
'The Lord of the Rings', especially by Merry
and Pippin: great pride and delight in the re-
ception of high honour and title, combined
with (and in a way enhanced by) a difficulty
^in believing that^ it was really happening to me, or was really
deserved except by the generosity of my superiors.
The words of the Address left me overwhelmed.
Especially the words 'making him one of us'.
I assure you that Edinburgh has gripped me
fast; and though my 81 years had begun to
make me reluctant to travel far, a journey back
north, if opportunity and health allows, will
not be reluctant. 
Yours sincerely 
J R R Tolkien . }}
{{title}}
{{references}}

Omentielva

2017-09-15T22:59:53Z

Unweg: /* Omentielva Otsea */ changed tense

Talk:Parma Eldalamberon

2017-09-15T22:57:14Z

Unweg: /* Discontinued? */

==Separate issue listing?==
Like [[Vinyar Tengwar]], should we have a list of issues, or separate pages of issues? -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 11:20, 13 February 2008 (EST)

:I think it would definitely be worth having an article on each issue as each issue contains a lot of information. I personally don't have any issues yet, but I'll try and contact them to ask for permission to display at least their cover image and table of contents. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 18:24, 13 February 2008 (EST)

== Foster's ''Complete Guide to Middle-earth'' a spin-off of PE? ==

I think this is rather a ''non-sequitur'', or at least very far-fetched, as the ''Complete Guide to Middle-earth'' was an expansion (prompted by the publication of ''The Silmarillion'' in 1977) of the earlier ''Guide to Middle-earth'', that was first published in instalments in the journal ''Niekas'', in the late '60s, so definitely before PE existed. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 15:32, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

:Although I lack the background information you have, I too reacted at that very sentence, which seemed to me to be more of an "interpretation", than "facts". Perhaps you could rephrase that sentence on the page? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 15:42, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

::I will think about it, later. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 15:54, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

:::I have now revised the relevant passage, after having surveyed the contents of PE 1-5. From those contents it is clear that ''An Introduction to Elvish'' is the direct result of the discussion in PE: whole articles were expanded into it and its authors clearly came from the Linguistic Fellowship. Fosters ''Complete Guide'' is a totally different matter.
:::Foster was clearly a contributor to PE, but his contributions have no direct relationship with his ''Guide'', rather, they seem to fall between the two periods he worked on it. His work in the middle and late sixties resulted in ''A Guide to Middle-earth'', which, after serialisation in ''Niekas'' was published as a book in 1971. Only after ''The Silmarillion'' was published in 1977 did Foster use the information that had thus become available to expand the ''Guide'' into ''The Complete Guide to Middle-earth''. Perhaps I should do some work on that article, where the whole history of the ''Guide'' prior to 1978 is now missing. The only direct link between PE and the ''Guide'' is a letter by a correspondent noting two errors in the ''Guide'', which turn out instead to be errors in his noncanon source that has garbled some of Tolkien's information!
:::I have also clarified that, although Gilson revived PE outside the Linguistic Fellowship (which I think had collapsed), it was drawn into the Elvish Linguistic Fellowship when that had been founded. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 04:16, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
::::Hey Mithrennaith. Since you appear to know something about Foster, would you like to update the article [[Robert Foster]] about his contributions in the fandom? [[User:Sage|Sage]] 16:02, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
:::::I'm afraid I know nothing more about Foster than his ''Guide'' and ''Complete Guide'' and his contributions to ''Parma''. So I can't help out there. I will give a thought, however, to improving the history in the article ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'' (as I already said). -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 17:14, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

==Discontinued?==
Does anyone know about the current status of PE and whether it had been discontinued or put on an indefinite hiatus? Its website, http://www.eldalamberon.com, has been down since August 2nd. [[User:Protospace|Protospace]] 18:40, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

The website works for me, so either the issue has been fixed or the outage isn't universal. PE itself is not on hiatus or discontinued. 4 of the 5 members of the Editorial Team attended this year's Omentielva conference in mid-August, during which they commented on which materials they've been preparing for publication and where they are in the process. [[User:Unweg|Unweg]] 22:57, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

Arahad I

2017-05-16T19:46:23Z

Unweg: /* Etymology */ it's > its

__NOTOC__
{{disambig-two|seventh [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]|tenth Chieftain|[[Arahad II]]}}
{{arnorian infobox
| name=Arahad I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]
| position=
| location=[[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2365}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2455}} - {{TA|2523|n}}
| death={{TA|2523}}
| deathlocation=
| age=158
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Isildur]]
| parentage=[[Araglas]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Aragost]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Arahad I''' ({{TA|2365}}<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 196</ref> - {{TA|2523|n}},<ref name="North">{{App|North}}</ref> died aged 158) was the son of [[Araglas]] and seventh [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]
==History==
He following his father, in Chieftainship, when Araglas died in 2455.

His rule coincided with the end of the [[Watchful Peace]], when [[Sauron]] returned to [[Dol Guldur]] with increased strength.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> Also during his rule, [[orcs]] began to increase and multiply in the [[Misty Mountains]]; it was then when they revealed themselves, waylaiding [[Celebrían]] and her escort.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Arahad died in {{TA|2523|n}}, after having ruled for sixty-eight years, and was followed by his son, [[Aragost]].<ref name="North"/>

==Etymology==
Arahad's name is [[Sindarin]], but its etymology is uncertain. It contains the usual royal prefix ''[[ar|ara-]]'' meaning "king", but the ''had'' is a little harder to work out. It could be ''had'' meaning "hurl, throw", it could be ''sad'' ([[Lenition|lenited]] to ''had'') meaning "place, spot", or it could be related to ''sador'' meaning "faithful person".

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | ARG |ARG=[[Aragorn I]] ''{{TA|2227|n}} - {{TA|2327|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ARG |ARG=[[Araglas]] ''{{TA|2296|n}} - {{TA|2455|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ARH |ARH='''ARAHAD I''' ''{{TA|2365|n}} - {{TA|2523|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ARA |ARA=[[Aragost]] ''{{TA|2431|n}} - {{TA|2588|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ARA |ARA=[[Aravorn]] ''{{TA|2497|n}} - {{TA|2654|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=arnorian
| house=[[House of Isildur]] Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]
| born={{TA|2365}}
| died={{TA|2523}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=2
| prev=[[Araglas]]
| list=30th [[Heir of Isildur|Heir]] of [[Isildur]]
| dates={{TA|2455}} - {{TA|2523|n}}
| next=[[Aragost]]
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=7th [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]
| dates={{TA|2455}} - {{TA|2523|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}{{northernline}}
[[Category:Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]
[[Category:House of Isildur]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Arahad I.]]
[[fi:Arahad I]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/dunedain_du_nord/arahad_ier]]

Third Age 2864

2017-05-16T19:45:31Z

Unweg: spacing

{{ardayearheader|2861|2862|2863|2864|2865|2866|2868}}

* [[Orcs|Orc]] raids from the North, which have troubled [[Rohan]] for 64 years, end.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>
* Birth of [[Kíli]], younger son of [[Dís]], nephew and companion of [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>
* Death of [[Kings of Rohan|King]] [[Folca]] after chasing the [[Boar of Everholt]].<ref name="Mark">{{App|Mark}}</ref>
* [[Folcwine]], son of Folca, becomes the fourteenth King of [[Rohan]].<ref name="Mark"/>
* Birth of [[Bingo Baggins]], fifth child and third son of [[Mungo Baggins]] and [[Laura Grubb]].<ref name="Baggins">{{App|Baggins}}</ref>
* Birth of [[Fosco Baggins]], son of [[Largo Baggins]] and [[Tanta Hornblower]].<ref name="Baggins"/>
* Birth of [[Ruby Bolger]], third child and daughter of [[Adalgar Bolger]].<ref>{{App|Bolger}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Third Age years|2, Third Age 2864]]

Sea of Rhûn

2017-05-16T19:42:44Z

Unweg: /* Other versions of the Legendarium */ typo

{{disambig-more|Inland Sea|[[Inland Sea (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[File:Sea of Rhun.png|250px]]
| name=Sea of Rhûn
| othernames=Eastern Sea
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[rhûn]]'' "east"
| type=Inland Sea
| location=[[Rhûn]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=[[Rhûn]] ([[Easterlings]])
| description=Roughly shaped like an hourglass laid on its side
| events=
| references=
|}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Rhûn.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

The '''Sea of Rhûn''', or the '''Eastern Sea''', is a large lake or sea in northern [[Middle-earth]] that lay east of [[Rhovanion]] on the western borders of [[Rhûn]]. The [[Kine of Araw]] were found near the Inland Sea.

==Geography==
The Sea of Rhûn covers roughly 400 square miles (1,000 km²). The [[River Running|Celduin]] flows from the northwest into a northwestern arm of the sea. West of the Sea of Rhûn is the land of [[Dorwinion]] and roughly 200 miles (300 km) to the South is the eastern end of the [[Ered Lithui]].

A forest stands at the northeastern shore of the sea, and near the southwestern shore there are many hills. The southeastern part of the Sea seems to be occupied by a small shallow island.

==History==
In the [[Years of the Trees]] during the time of the [[Great Journey]], the craft of ship-making practiced by the [[Teleri]] reached new heights in their efforts to traverse the Sea of Rhûn on their eastward journey.<ref name=Last>{{PM|Last}} pp. 391-392</ref>

In the [[First Age]], the shores of the Inland Sea were populated by tribes of [[Men]] who were migrating to the [[West]]. The [[House of Bëor|Lesser Folk]] got there first and dwelt at the feet of the nearby hills. The [[House of Hador|Greater Folk]] came later in the north-east woods near the shores. The Men crafted boats and could sail the sea, but they didn't meet often, and their languages soon diverged<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref> before they resumed their journey to [[Beleriand]].

In the early [[Third Age]], the [[Kings of Gondor]] such as [[Rómendacil I]] campaigned to those lands. By the time of King [[Hyarmendacil I]], the Inland Sea formed one of the boundaries of [[Gondor]].<ref name=gondor/><ref group=note>It is not clear when exactly the eastern lands became part of Gondor; the Inland Sea is mentioned in that context during the time of the [[Ship-kings]], however those extended Gondor to the South, not to the East. It is possible therefore that the eastern lands had come in the possession of Gondor already in even earlier times.</ref>

[[Vorondil]] hunted the Kine of Araw near the shores of the Sea.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

During the time of [[Rómendacil II]], the Inland Sea was apparently within the borders of the power of [[Gondor]].

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In the drafts for the ''[[Lord of the Rings]]'', the sea was called "Sea of Rhûnaer". In the earlier maps, part of the Sea was occupied by a heavily wooded island.<ref>{{TI|MII}}</ref> In the published maps by [[Christopher Tolkien]], the island is replaced by a dotted pattern.<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref> The reason for this change and what it signifies was never specified by C. Tolkien. There is no trace of the unnamed island in [[Pauline Baynes]]'s ''[[A Map of Middle-earth]]''.

==Theories==
Christopher Tolkien and others have speculated whether or not the Sea of Rhûn can "...be identified with the [[Sea of Helcar]], vastly shrunken".<ref>{{WJ|Two}} p. 174.</ref> [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] adopted this position in making ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]''. However, in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', there are references to the Sea of Rhûn and its surrounding geographical landmarks existing as far back as the [[Years of the Trees]] at the time of the [[Great Journey]], far to the west of where the Elves awoke near Sea of Helcar.<ref name=Last/>

{{references|note}}

[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Seas and oceans]]

[[de:Meer von Rhûn]]
[[fi:Rhûnin Järvi]]
[[fr:/encyclo/geographie/eaux/mer_de_rhun]]

Kôr (song)

2017-05-16T19:39:18Z

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''Kôr'' is a song by the [[Tolkien metal]] band [[Summoning]]. It is the fifth track of their third studio album, [[Dol Guldur (album)|Dol Guldur]], released in [[1996]]. The Lyrics are a converted form of of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s poem, [[Kortirion among the Trees]]. The name of the song, [[Kôr]] is a rejected name for [[Túna]].
==Lyrics==
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
O fading town upon an island hill,
Old shadows linger in thine ancient gate,
Thy robe is grey, thine old heart now is still;
Thy towers silent in the mist await their crumbling end
While through the storeyed elms
The gliding black water leaves these inland realms,
And slips between long meadows to the Sea,
Still bearing downward over murmurous falls
One day and then another to the Sea
And slowly thither many years have gone

All thy trees, Kortirion, were bent,
And shook with sudden whispering lament:
For passing were the days, and doomed the nights
When flittering ghost-moths danced round
tapers in the moveless air nighttime

And doomed already were the radiant dawns,
The odour and the noise of meads,
when all thy trees were bent,
and shook with sudden whispering lament

And slowly thither many years have gone
since first the elves here built ancient, renowned Kortirion
</poem>
{{title}}
[[Category:Songs by Summoning]]

A Tolkien Miscellany

2017-05-16T19:37:37Z

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{{book
|title=A Tolkien Miscellany
|image=[[Image:ATolkienMiscellany (hardcover).jpg|225px]]
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] Company; Science Fiction Book Club edition
|date=[[1 January|January 1]], [[2002]]
|format=Hardcover
|pages=368
|isbn=978-0739427361
}}
'''''A Tolkien Miscellany''''' is a collection of short stories, translations, and poetry by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] published in [[2002]].

== Contents ==
[[Image:ATolkienMiscellany.jpg|thumb|right|Cover of the paperback edition by Quality Paperback Bookclub]]
*[[Smith of Wootton Major]]
*[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]
*[[Tree and Leaf]]
**Introductory Note
**[[On Fairy-Stories]]
**[[Leaf by Niggle]]
*[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]
**Preface
**[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]
**[[Bombadil Goes Boating]]
**[[Errantry]]
**[[Princess Mee]]
**[[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]
**[[The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon]]
**[[The Stone Troll]]
**[[Perry-the-Winkle]]
**[[The Mewlips]]
**[[Oliphaunt (poem)|Oliphaunt]]
**[[Fastitocalon (poem)|Fastitocalon]]
**Cat
**[[Shadow-Bride]]
**[[The Hoard]]
**[[The Sea-Bell]]
**[[The Last Ship]]
*Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
**Preface (by Christopher Tolkien)
**Introduction
**Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
**Pearl
**Sir Orfeo
**Glossary
**Appendix on Verse-forms
**Gawain's Leave-taking

{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien Miscellany, A}}
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

NASAG

2017-05-16T19:35:54Z

Unweg: /* Derivatives */ added Sind

__NOTOC__
'''NASAG''' is an [[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]] of unknown primary signification, although its derivatives relate to "compulsion, bond".<ref name=PE19>{{PE|19}}, pp. 17, 101 (footnote 155)</ref>

==Derivatives==
*[[Common Eldarin]]: ''[[nasag]]'' > ''nazg-'' ("compulsion, bond"); ''[[nazgwē]]'' ("bondage, durance")<ref name=PE19/>
**[[Quenya]]: ''[[naxa]]'' ("bond, fetter"); ''[[nasque]]'' ("bondage, durance")<ref name=PE19/>
**[[Sindarin]]: ''[[nadha]]'' ("fetter")<ref name=PE19/>
**[[Black Speech]]: ''[[nazg]]''<ref name=PE19/>

==Other versions of the legendarium==

Before undertaking a revision in the late 1960s, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] had written (probably in 1951) that root NASAG yielded the derivative ''nazgwē'', historically shifted to ''nasque'' ("evil [[Spectres|spectre]]").<ref name=PE19/>

{{references}}
[[Category:Roots]]

Letter to Nancy Smith (Christmas 1963)

2017-05-16T19:28:44Z

Unweg: /* From Christie's */ fixed Christies "Gandolin" misreading

During Christmas [[1963]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to [[Nancy Smith]]'''.

*'''Comments:''' Three paragraphs from this letter were used in composition of the article "[[Tolkien on Tolkien]]", (those paragraphs were included at the end of [[Letter 165]]). The letter was bought by [[Marquette University]] Libraries in 2002.
*'''Contents:''' Autobiographical information about Tolkien and a discussion of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.
*'''Publication:''' Partially in ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', and reproduced in full in ''[[Christie's Fine Printed Books and Manuscripts 24 May 2002]]''.

== From Christie's ==

A fine revealing letter from Tolkien to The Lord of the Rings indexer, Nancy Smith, containing many references to the trilogy, its conception, and reception. Responding to her request for a word of greeting for Smith to deliver at her lecture to the Radcliffe College Tolkien Society, Tolkien provides much more. Beginning with a slightly humorous autobiographical sketch, Tolkien discusses his family background, patriotism, and literary interests. "I do not (and never did) much enjoy the reading of 'literature.' For amusement and relaxation I like to read accounts of the structure and history (if known) of languages, though these accounts commonly offer a sense of disappointment similar to my experience of 'literature': the languages described seem seldom to 'come off.' 'Literature' seems for me almost always to miss the point..."

He continues with a detailed account of how he came to write the Lord of the Rings trilogy. "I came eventually and by slow degrees to write The Lord of the Rings to satisfy myself: of course without success, at any rate not above 75 But now (when the work is no longer hot, immediate, or so personal) certain features of it, and espec. certain places still move me very powerfully. The heart remains in the description of Cerin Amroth (end of Vol. I, Bk ii ch. 6), but I am most stirred by the sound of the horses of the Rohirrim at cockcrow; and most grieved by Gollum's failure (just) to repent when interrupted by Sam: this seems to me really like the real world in which the instruments of just retribution are seldom themselves just or holy; and the good are often stumbling blocks."

"The business began so far back that it might be said to have begun at birth. Somewhere about 8 years old I tried to write some verses on a dragon--about which I now remember nothing except that it contained the expression a green great dragon. But the mythology (and associated languages) first began to take shape during the 1914-18 War. The Fall of Gondolin (and the birth of Earendil) was written in hospital and on leave after surviving the 'Battle of the Somme' in 1916. The kernel of the mythology, the matter of Lúthien Tinúviel & Beren arose from a small woodland glade filled with 'hemlocks' (or other white umbellifers) near Roos in the Holderness peninsular--to which I occasionally went when free from regimental duties while in the Humber Garrison in 1919."

The letter concludes with Tolkien's reaction to the popularity of his work: "Nothing has astonished me more (and I think my publishers) than the welcome given to the L.R. But it is, of course, a constant source of consolation and pleasure to me. And, I may say, a piece of singular good fortune, much envied by some of my contemporaries. Wonderful people still buy the books, and to a man 'retired' that is both grateful & comforting."

In reference to Smith's index, the initial-signed postscript reads: "The index is of the greatest value to me personally. It will eventually be used, I think, in some form of new edition. I have in mind a reduced form--reduced by cutting out (say) some of the Prologue, and the Appendices (especially C.D.E.) and substituting an index. But bringing out a fourth volume for fanciers containing the information excised, + a good deal more that was jettisoned, E.g., the facsimiles of the Book of Mazarbul, that should have faced pp. 335 & 336 of Vol. I. What do you think. Item. 'Rembrandt' films are thinking of producing a 'Hobbit.'??"

== From the American Archivists ==

[Newsletter (Fall 2002) for the Manuscript Repositories Section of the Society of American Archivists:]

''New Tolkien Research Materials at Marquette University Libraries''

Scholars of J.R.R. Tolkien now have access to two new documentary sources in Marquette University Libraries' Department of Special Collections.

An unpublished letter written by J.R.R. Tolkien to Nancy Smith, indexer of The Lord of the Rings, offers revealing insights about the Oxford professor's fantasy fiction. In 1963, several years after preparing the index to The Lord of the Rings, Nancy Smith received an invitation to deliver a lecture about the book to a Tolkien society in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She wrote to Tolkien asking for a greeting that she might read to the group. J.R.R. Tolkien responded with a 1,300 word, handwritten letter, composed over several days surrounding Christmas, 1963. The retired professor described his inspiration for Hobbiton, and the "slow degrees" by which he composed The Lord of the Rings. In addition, Tolkien revealed childhood memories of writing verse about a great green dragon. He outlined how his great mythology began to take shape during 1914-1918, in part while recuperating after the Battle of the Somme. Finally, Tolkien described the parts of The Lord of the Rings that most moved him, nearly a decade after the book's release: the description of Cerin Amroth, the sound of horses of the Rohirrim, and Gollum's failure to repent.

Marquette University Libraries' purchase of the letter at auction was made possible by the Tolkien Archives Fund, established by the late Richard E. Blackwelder (1909-2001). Dr. Blackwelder created the endowment to acquire and preserve Tolkien research material, sponsor public programming, and prepare catalogs about Marquette's world-renowned manuscript collection.

Also now available within the Tolkien Collection is the original screen treatment for a never-produced film version of The Lord of the Rings, written by Morton Grady Zimmerman and annotated by J.R.R. Tolkien. In 1957 J.R.R. Tolkien had agreed to review a film story line, but judged the project unsound and pulled back from further negotiation. The Zimmerman materials also include the screenwriter's production notes, along with correspondence between Tolkien's publisher, Rayner Unwin, and Hollywood agent Forrest J. Ackerman, and one letter by J.R.R. Tolkien to "Mr. Ackerman and Others." Morton Grady Zimmerman (1937-2000) donated the materials to Marquette.

The J.R.R. Tolkien Collection includes more than 11,000 pages of original manuscripts for three of the author's most celebrated works, The Hobbit, Farmer Giles of Ham, and The Lord of the Rings, in addition to the original copy of the children's book, Mr. Bliss. The collection also includes books by and about Tolkien, hundreds of periodical titles produced by Tolkien enthusiasts, audio and video recordings, and a host of published and unpublished materials relating to Tolkien's life and fantasy fiction.

== External links ==

*[http://www.christies.com/Lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?from=salesummary&intObjectID=3918797&sid=0838a161-adc2-45f8-aba4-94096c9b69de Lot 410 on Christies.com]
*[http://www.archivists.org/saagroups/mss/fall2002.html#tolkien Manuscript Repositories Section Newsletter]
*"[http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_threaded;post=318411;sb=post_latest_reply;so=ASC;guest=19262590 Previously unpublished letter written by JRR Tolkien!]" at [http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?guest=19262590 The One Ring Forums]
{{title}}
[[Category:Letters|Smith, Nancy (1963-12)]]

Letter to Miss Stanley-Smith (22 November 1956)

2017-05-16T19:27:07Z

Unweg: /* Transcription */ small fixes

[[Image:Miss Stanley-Smith 22 November 1956.png|thumb]]
On [[22 November]] [[1956]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to Miss Stanley-Smith''', librarian at [[Wikipedia:Deddington|Deddington]] Library.<ref name=CG>{{CG|C}}, pp. 496-8</ref><ref>"[http://www.deddingtonnews.co.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/8080/Tolkien.pdf Deddington Library, opened by Tolkien in 1956, under threat from OCC]", [http://www.deddingtonnews.co.uk/ DeddingtonNews.co.uk] (accessed 23 December 2011)</ref><ref>Sam McGregor, "[http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/9432878.Tolkien_letters_return_to_rightful_home/ Tolkien letters return to rightful home]" (dated 23 December 2011), [http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/ OxfordMail.co.uk] (accessed 23 December 2011)</ref>
*'''Subject:''' Tolkien accepts an invitation to give a speech at the opening of the new library (on [[14 December]]).<ref name=CG/>

==Transcription==
{{blockquote|Dear Miss Stanley-Smith, Fortunately I think I can manage Friday 14 <strike>Nove</strike> December. I say ‘fortunately’, because though I dislike talking (in this sense), lecturing, or addressing a gathering, I should have been sorry to refuse your invitation: you sugar the central pill so attractively. I should be delighted to visit Deddington and have lunch with you; and I fear that the fee will be more than ample for the performance. Short? Ten minutes? A quarter of an hour? I will consult you later, if I may, on the sort of thing likely to be most appropriate. As for my own writings: beside the two you name there is Farmer Giles of Ham (Allen & Unwin), specially appropriate, since it is localized in Oxfordshire. Other poems and stories are, I fear, either scattered in periodicals or o.p.2 and await collection. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Clarendon Press), since it is an edition of a mediaeval poem, would, I imagine, be regarded as too technical, specially as I have not yet published the translation which has twice been broadcast. It would be most kind if you could send a car, as I have none of my own now and have in consequence seldom visited Deddington, in post-war years, though I used often to do so. Yours sincerely, J.R.R. Tolkien P.S. I wonder if Mrs. Lionel Hitchens is the mother of Miss Phoebe Hitchens, whom I have met, since my daughter knew her. She was, I think, the cousin (?) of the woman novelist of the same name - (Noughts and Crosses …etc.). JRR T.}}

==See also==
*[[The Banbury Advertiser 19 December 1956|''The Banbury Advertiser'' 19 December 1956]]
*[[Letter to Miss Stanley-Smith (19 December 1956)]]
*[[Oxford Mail 15 December 1956|''Oxford Mail'' 15 December 1956]]
{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Letters|Stanley-Smith, Miss (1956-11-22)]]

Letter to Jane T. Sibley

2017-05-16T19:25:47Z

Unweg: typo

On [[30 May]] [[1964]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to Jane T. Sibley''' of [[wikipedia:Haddam, Connecticut|Haddam, Connecticut]]. It informs the reader that the [[runes]] in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' are not the same set. Typed on Tolkien's own, preprinted paper (self-addressed to [[76 Sandfield Road]]. Signed and accompanied by a handwritten note suggesting further reading. Copyright by the [[Tolkien Trust]].

* '''Publication:''' The letter was first printed in an article by Jane T. Sibley in ''Niekas'' 38, 1989 (pp. 13, 67). A revised version of the material was published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 6|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 6]] ([[July]] [[1989]]): a photocopy reproduction of the letter is featured on the back, and commentaries and a transcription (by Sibley) are given on pages 7-8.

[[Category:Letters|Sibley, Jane T.]]

Letter to G.E. Selby (14 December 1937)

2017-05-16T19:25:16Z

Unweg: /* Transcription */ spacing

[[File:G.E. Selby 14-15 December 1937.jpg|thumb|400px]]
On [[14 December]] [[1937]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to G.E. Selby'''.<ref name=CG>{{CG|C}}, pp. 207-8</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g60763-d107356-i73285340-The_Morgan_Library_Museum-New_York_City_New_York.html#64268354|articlename=The Morgan Library & Museum Photo: The Morgan Library & Museum|dated=|website=[http://www.tripadvisor.com Tripadvisor.com]|accessed=3 March 2014}}</ref>

*'''Subject:''' Replying to a letter from Selby dated [[28 November]], Tolkien discusses various aspects of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', especially in relation to ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.
*'''Publication:''' Extracts from the letter appeared in ''[[Sotheby's Nineteenth Century and Modern First Editions, Presentation Copies, Autograph Letters and Literary Manuscripts 28-29 July 1977]]'', and was fully reproduced and transcribed<ref group=note>[[John D. Rateliff]] has noted an error in the 1987 transcription of the letter, cf. "[http://www.tolkiendil.com/essais/tolkien_1892-2012/john_d_rateliff A Fragment, Detached: ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Silmarillion'']", first published in French as "Un Fragment, détaché: ''Bilbo le Hobbit'' et ''le Silmarillion''" in ''[[L'Arc et le Heaume|L'Arc et le Heaume: Tolkien 1892-2012]]'' (July 2012).</ref> in [[1987]] in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: The Hobbit|J.R.R. Tolkien: The Hobbit: The Hobbit Drawings, Watercolors and Manuscripts]]''.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/details.php?reference=63320|articlename=Nineteenth Century and Modern First Editions.1977|dated=|website=TB|accessed=28 January 2013}}</ref> In [[1988]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] quoted from the letter in his Foreword to ''[[The Return of the Shadow]]''.<ref>{{RS|Foreword}}, p. 7</ref> A summary of the letter was provided by [[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]] in ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide|The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Chronology]]''.<ref name=CG/>

==Transcription==
{{blockquote|Dear Selby, It was very nice of you to write to me; and although this was some time ago, I hope you will forgive the delay. I have been ill of late. I don’t much approve of the Hobbit myself, preferring my own mythology (which is just touched on) with its consistent nomenclature - Elrond, Gondolin, and Esgaroth have escaped out of it - and organized history, to this rabble of Eddaic-named dwarves out of the Voluspa, newfangled hobbits and gollums (invented in an idle hour) and Anglo-Saxon runes. And elves have a more gracious and cunning alphabet. Which appears on the pot of gold in one of the coloured illustrations of the American edition - they have chosen that one. However there it is: I did not offer it for sale. But as the MS. was discovered (in a nunnery) by one of G. A and Unwin’s people and an offer made for it, I let it go. I knew I was in for trouble. My children, for one thing, do not wholly approve of their private amusements being turned to cash, even to pay for the excessive costs of their education. [That was the hope. Actually I have ear[n]ed £25 so far - but the publishers write today and say “the first edn. has gone off, and your friends wanting first editions must hurry round to the booksellers”]. Also Oxford was mildly pained: my own college was frankly hurt, until both the Times and the T.L.S. took notice. I am now forgiven, but the matter is not mentioned. We are not in Pembroke expected to descend to the level of a J.B.S. Haldane. Not that I think that I have - except in the matter of illustrations. They are my own, I fear, and with the possible exception of the jacket, bad. As the most intelligent reviewer (Richard Hughes in The New Statesman Dec. 4) frankly says. All the names are supposed to be pronounced as foreign names (more Latino) except those of Hobbits.* [* And Smaug is of course connected with smjúga since Icelandic was in a foolish moment substituted for the proper language of my tales.] I cannot say how nice of you it was to write. It ?cheered me a good deal. I shall now, they say, have to do more. I offered my publishers something grand, a complete and heroic history of the Elves - and they clamour for more Hobbits. Mr Baggins had some [time? fame?] and properly went into retirement. I hope this will find you ere Christmas and bring you my best wishes. I am afraid it is rather a scrawl, but I am feeling rather tottery. I hope things go well with you. Yours JRRT}}

==See also==

*[[Letter to G.E. Selby (19 September 1944)]]
*[[Letter to G.E. Selby (7 July 1946)]]
*[[Letter to G.E. Selby (1955/6)]]

{{References|note}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Letters|Selby, G.E. (1937-12-14)]]

Letter to G.E. Selby (14 December 1937)

2017-05-16T19:24:09Z

Unweg: /* Transcription */ spacing, diacritics, punct

[[File:G.E. Selby 14-15 December 1937.jpg|thumb|400px]]
On [[14 December]] [[1937]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to G.E. Selby'''.<ref name=CG>{{CG|C}}, pp. 207-8</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g60763-d107356-i73285340-The_Morgan_Library_Museum-New_York_City_New_York.html#64268354|articlename=The Morgan Library & Museum Photo: The Morgan Library & Museum|dated=|website=[http://www.tripadvisor.com Tripadvisor.com]|accessed=3 March 2014}}</ref>

*'''Subject:''' Replying to a letter from Selby dated [[28 November]], Tolkien discusses various aspects of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', especially in relation to ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.
*'''Publication:''' Extracts from the letter appeared in ''[[Sotheby's Nineteenth Century and Modern First Editions, Presentation Copies, Autograph Letters and Literary Manuscripts 28-29 July 1977]]'', and was fully reproduced and transcribed<ref group=note>[[John D. Rateliff]] has noted an error in the 1987 transcription of the letter, cf. "[http://www.tolkiendil.com/essais/tolkien_1892-2012/john_d_rateliff A Fragment, Detached: ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Silmarillion'']", first published in French as "Un Fragment, détaché: ''Bilbo le Hobbit'' et ''le Silmarillion''" in ''[[L'Arc et le Heaume|L'Arc et le Heaume: Tolkien 1892-2012]]'' (July 2012).</ref> in [[1987]] in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: The Hobbit|J.R.R. Tolkien: The Hobbit: The Hobbit Drawings, Watercolors and Manuscripts]]''.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/details.php?reference=63320|articlename=Nineteenth Century and Modern First Editions.1977|dated=|website=TB|accessed=28 January 2013}}</ref> In [[1988]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] quoted from the letter in his Foreword to ''[[The Return of the Shadow]]''.<ref>{{RS|Foreword}}, p. 7</ref> A summary of the letter was provided by [[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]] in ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide|The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Chronology]]''.<ref name=CG/>

==Transcription==
{{blockquote|Dear Selby, It was very nice of you to write to me;and although this was some time ago, I hope you will forgive the delay. I have been ill of late. I don’t much approve of the Hobbit myself, preferring my own mythology (which is just touched on) with its consistent nomenclature - Elrond, Gondolin, and Esgaroth have escaped out of it - and organized history, to this rabble of Eddaic-named dwarves out of the Voluspa, newfangled hobbits and gollums (invented in an idle hour) and Anglo-Saxon runes. And elves have a more gracious and cunning alphabet. Which appears on the pot of gold in one of the coloured illustrations of the American edition - they have chosen that one. However there it is: I did not offer it for sale. But as the MS. was discovered (in a nunnery) by one of G. A and Unwin’s people and an offer made for it, I let it go. I knew I was in for trouble. My children, for one thing, do not wholly approve of their private amusements being turned to cash, even to pay for the excessive costs of their education. [That was the hope. Actually I have ear[n]ed £25 so far - but the publishers write today and say “the first edn. has gone off, and your friends wanting first editions must hurry round to the booksellers”]. Also Oxford was mildly pained: my own college was frankly hurt, until both the Times and the T.L.S. took notice. I am now forgiven, but the matter is not mentioned. We are not in Pembroke expected to descend to the level of a J.B.S. Haldane. Not that I think that I have - except in the matter of illustrations. They are my own, I fear, and with the possible exception of the jacket, bad. As the most intelligent reviewer (Richard Hughes in The New Statesman Dec. 4) frankly says. All the names are supposed to be pronounced as foreign names (more Latino)except those of Hobbits.* [* And Smaug is of course connected with smjúga since Icelandic was in a foolish moment substituted for the proper language of my tales.] I cannot say how nice of you it was to write. It ?cheered me a good deal. I shall now, they say, have to do more. I offered my publishers something grand, a complete and heroic history of the Elves - and they clamour for more Hobbits. Mr Baggins had some [time? fame?] and properly went into retirement. I hope this will find you ere Christmas and bring you my best wishes. I am afraid it is rather a scrawl, but I am feeling rather tottery. I hope things go well with you. Yours JRRT}}

==See also==

*[[Letter to G.E. Selby (19 September 1944)]]
*[[Letter to G.E. Selby (7 July 1946)]]
*[[Letter to G.E. Selby (1955/6)]]

{{References|note}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Letters|Selby, G.E. (1937-12-14)]]

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)

2017-05-16T04:39:22Z

Unweg: typo

[[Image:Fellowship extended.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cover of the Extended edition{{sequence
|prev=-
|next=[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|The Two Towers Extended Edition]]
|list=The Lord of the Rings Extended Edition 
The Fellowship of the Ring
}}]]

'''''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)''' is an extended version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. It has 30 minutes of additional footage added back into the film (bringing its total running time up to 208 minutes), as well as multiple documentaries about the making of the film as supplements.

This edition was brought from the success of the theatrical cut of the film, and it was released on DVD [[12 November|November 12]], [[2002]] along with four commentaries and hours of supplementary material. It was so successful that the sequels were each given similar releases. Its main feature is that, instead of simply inserting the deleted scenes, [[Peter Jackson]] approached this edition as if he were creating a whole new version of the film. He and the editor, John Gilbert, evaluated the unreleased material and worked to bring it up to the same polish as the rest of the feature. Visual effects were completed, dialogue was recordered, sound effects were created and, to make sure all of the scenes flowed, [[Howard Shore]] composed and recorded new score along with the London Philharmonic Orchestra.

==Special Extended Edition - Part One (disc 1)==
The first disc contains the extended version of the film with the following audio commentaries:
* [[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], and [[Philippa Boyens]]
* The Design Team
* The Production and Post-Production Team
* The Cast
===New Scenes===
* 2. Concerning Hobbits
* 9. At the Green Dragon
* 11. The Passing of the Elves
* 17. The Midgewater Marshes
===Extended Scenes===
* 1. Prologue: One Ring to Rule Them all
* 3. The Shire
* 4. Very Old Friends
* 5. A Long-expected Party
* 16. The Nazgûl
* 21. Flight to the Ford
* 25. The Sword That was Broken
* 27. The Council of Elrond

==Special Extended Edition - Part Two (disc 2)==
This disc is a continuation of the first disc.
===New Scenes===
* 28. Gilraen's Memorial
* 30. The Departure of the Fellowship
* 48. Fan Club Credits
===Extended Scenes===
* 31. The Ring Goes South
* 32. The Pass of Caradhras
* 33. Moria
* 34. A Journey in the Dark
* 35. Balin's Tomb
* 37. Lothlorien
* 38. Caras Galadhon
* 39. The Mirror of Galadriel
* 41. Farewell to Lórien
* 42. The Great River
* 44. The Breaking of the Fellowship
* 45. The Departure of Boromir

==The Appendices: Part One - From Book to Vision (disc 3)==
* Introduction
* "[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Creator of Middle-earth]]" Documentary
* "From Book To Script" Documentary
* "Storyboards and Pre-Viz" Featurettes
* "Designing Middle-Earth" Documentary
* "Weta Workshop" Documentary
* "Costume Design" Documentary
* "The Peoples of Middle-Earth" galleries with audio
* "The Realms Of Middle-Earth" galleries with audio
* "Middle-Earth Atlas: Tracing the Journeys of the Fellowship" interactive map
* "[[New Zealand as Middle-earth]]" interactive map with on-location footage

==The Appendices: Part Two - From Vision to Reality (disc 4)==
* Introduction
* "The Fellowship of the Cast" Documentary
* "A Day in the Life of a Hobbit" Documentary
* "Cameras In Middle-Earth" Documentary
* "[[Bigatures|Big-atures]]" Documentary
* "Weta Digital" Documentary
* "Scale" Documentary
* Production photos, gallery
* "Editorial: Assembling an Epic" Documentary
* "Digital Grading" Documentary
* "Music For Middle-Earth" Documentary
* "The Soundscapes Of Middle-Earth" Documentary
* "The Road Goes Ever On..." Documentary

==See also==
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (extended edition)]]
* [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (extended edition)]]
* [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (extended edition)|''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' (extended edition)]]
* [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|''The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'' (extended edition)]]
* [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (extended edition)|''The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies'' (extended edition)]]

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings (film series) DVDs]]

Sav

2017-05-16T04:36:56Z

Unweg: speculating on the root being *SAW or *SAB is curious as the ref already cited states it to be SAB

'''savin''' [[Quenya]] for "I believe" (referring to the existence or actuality of something.)
==Etymology==
[[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[SAB]]
==Forms==
*''savin'' "I believe he/she/it really exists/existed"
==Examples==
*''Savin Elessar - ar i náne aran Ondóreo'' "I believe that [[Aragorn|Elessar]] really existed - and that he was a [[king of Gondor]]"<ref>{{VT|49}}, p. 27</ref>
{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya verbs]]

Owen Barfield

2017-05-16T04:29:23Z

Unweg: /* Excerpt */ spacing

'''Arthur Owen Barfield''' ([[9 November]], [[1898]] – [[14 December]], [[1997]]) was a fellow [[Inklings|Inkling]] with [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. He did not attend a great deal of the Inklings meetings due to living and working in London, a ways away from the [[Eagle and Child]]. Tolkien however was very fond of Barfield's works.

==Bibliography, selected==

===Foreword===
*'''[[1980]]''': [[SEVEN 1|''SEVEN'' 1]]
*'''[[1990]]''': ''[[The Magical World of the Inklings]]''

===Articles===
*[[1947]]: ''[[Essays Presented to Charles Williams]]'', pp. 106-127
**"Poetic Diction and Legal Fiction"

==Excerpt==

{{blockquote|'I met Tolkien but never had a long talk with him…I wish I had…We did not get to talk for several hours. He's an important figure in the English literary world of our time. I don't have any affinity with it – the mythical world. The real enthusiasts of the Tolkien society have more than enjoyed it they have made a kind of cult of it.'<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.apittman.com Allen Pitmann]|articleurl=http://apittman.com/blog/west/physical-education/platonic-idealism|articlename=Saving the Final Appearance: A Visit with Owen Barfield a few months before his death|accessed=8 September 2014}}</ref>}}

{{blockquote|
'S. - How far did you know Tolkien?
B. - I didn't know him very well. I met him a number of times at meetings of the Inklings - I didn't go always - and also with Lewis. Once we had a short walking tour, Lewis, Tolkien, and I, just when war was threatening, but then we never talked as we are talking now. And I never became an enthusiast for The lord of the Rings.
S. - I got stuck on page 337.
B. - I don't think I got as far as that. I got The Hobbit, read it to my son.
S. - Tolkien quoted you in one of his lectures, I think.
B. - He told Lewis, not long after he had read Poetic Diction, that to a certain extent it changed him - that he found there were things he could no longer say at his lectures. That was brought up by Verlyn Flieger in her book Splintered Light'.<ref name=>'Owen Barfield: Interview with Elmar Schenkel'. Sept 1991 in Old Crow 2, Amherst Mass, 1993. Reprinted, in English, as “Interview mit Owen Barfield.” ''Inklings: Jahrbuch für Literature und Ästhetik 11'' (1993),p.p 23-38 </ref>}}

Barfield said that Tolkien's children were very fond of his book "The Silver Trumpet" and regarded it as a sort of Bible:

{{blockquote|'Tolkien's children for a time regarded it as a kind of Bible...many of the characters, were kind of catch-words in the family...'<ref name=>{{webcite|website=YT|articleurl=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3n5n5K5fPA|articlename=Owen Barfield and Clyde Kilby on C.S. Lewis|dated=3 November 1977|accessed=25 December 2014}}</ref>}}

In a letter to Barfield, dated June 28, 1936, Lewis wrote:

{{blockquote|"I lent The Silver Trumpet to Tolkien and hear that it is the greatest success among his children that they have ever known. His own fairy-tales, which are excellent, have now no market: and its first reading – children are so practical! – led to a universal wail 'You're not going to give it back to Mr. Lewis, are you?' All the things which the wiseacres on child psychology in our circle said when you wrote it turn out to be nonsense. 'They liked the sad parts,' said Tolkien, 'because they were sad and the puzzling parts because they were puzzling, as children always do.' The youngest boy liked Gamboy because 'she was clever and the bad people in books usually aren't.' The tags of the Podger have become so popular [as] to be almost a nuisance in the house. In fine, you have scored a direct hit".<ref name=>{{webcite|website=Wheaton.edu|articleurl=http://www.wheaton.edu/~/media/Files/Centers-and-Institutes/Wade-Center/Author-Docs/OBbio-Marj.pdf|articlename=Owen Barfield: A Biographical Note|dated=April 1985|accessed=16 June 2015}}</ref>}}

==External links==
*[http://www.owenbarfield.org/ Owen Barfield Literary Estate]
*[http://barfieldsociety.org/ The Owen Barfield Society]
* {{WP|Owen Barfield}}
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oedVDN1xOWM Owen Barfield - Man and Meaning documentary]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3n5n5K5fPA Owen Barfield and Clyde Kilby on C.S. Lewis]

{{references}}
{{Inklings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barfield, Owen}}
[[Category:Inklings]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

Utumno

2017-05-16T04:27:55Z

Unweg: /* Etymology */ error in quotation

{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Udûn|[[Udûn (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:Roger Garland - Melkor chained.jpg|250px]]
| name=Utumno
| type=Fortress
| location=[[Iron Mountains]]; far north of [[Arda]]
| inhabitants=[[Melkor]] and his servants
| realms=Melkor's dominions
| description=vast and very cold, with pits extending deep into the earth
| othernames=Udûn ([[Sindarin|S]])
| etymology=''Underworld''; ''Hell'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| events=[[Siege of Utumno]]
| references= [[The Silmarillion]]
}}
{{quote|The dark fire will not avail you, flame of Udûn. Go back to the Shadow!|[[Gandalf]], ''[[The Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]''}}
'''Utumno''' (in [[Quenya]]) or '''Udûn''' (in [[Sindarin]]) was a fortress of [[Melkor]] in the far north of [[Middle-earth]]. It was the first and greatest of Melkor's citadels, delved in the earliest days. It was the home to hosts of demons, the fallen [[Ainur]] who allied with Melkor, and numerous monsters of corruption were made in mockery of Middle-earth's naturally intended creatures and beings.<ref name="Captivity">{{S|Captivity}}</ref>

==History==
Utumno was built by Melkor after his first expulsion from [[Arda]]. The [[Valar]] had by this time created the [[Two Lamps]]. Utumno was built under the [[Iron Mountains]], where the light of [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]] was dim and cold. Though the Valar did not yet know it, from this place, "the blight of his [Melkor's] hatred flowed out thence, and the Spring of Arda was marred."<ref name="Beginning">{{S|Beginning}}</ref>

Melkor used Utumno as his base of operations from the Valian Year 3400 until {{YT|1090}}, when the Valar assailed Melkor's fortress, which fell in {{YT|1099}}.<ref name="P2a">{{MR|P2a}}</ref>{{rp|53}}<ref name="P2e">{{MR|P2e}}</ref>{{rp|74-5}} From there he had destroyed the [[Two Lamps]], so that the [[Valar|Powers]] left [[Almaren]], their dwelling-place in [[Middle-earth]], and removed into the West. He then began his corruption of Arda.<ref name="Beginning"/> Utumno was also where the first captured [[Elves]] were taken and the creation of [[Orcs]] began as a mockery of the [[Firstborn]].

Utumno was laid waste in {{YT|1099}}, in [[Siege of Utumno|the war]] that the Valar began against Melkor for the [[War for the Sake of the Elves|sake of the Elves]]. The [[Valar]] attacked Udûn in full force, and destroyed it utterly, carrying its master back to Valinor as their prisoner. Melkor was chained and dragged as a captive to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Captivity"/>

Melkor had established a second and lesser fortress at the western end of the [[Iron Mountains|Ered Engrin]] to act as the first line of defence for Utumno from Aman.<ref name="Captivity"/> This became [[Angband]], which was at first held by [[Sauron]]. After the destruction of Utumno, Melkor chose to rebuild and fortify Angband as his lair.

==Etymology==
The name ''Utumno'' (pron. {{IPA|[uˈtumno]}}), contains the stem ''Utumnu-''. An older version of the name, ''Utumna'', is said to derive from ''Tumna'' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "low-lying, low, profound, deep").<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}</ref>{{rp|269, 271}}

The name ''Udûn'' is [[Sindarin]], meaning "dark pit, Underworld"<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 297</ref> or "hell"<ref>{{HM|LRI}}</ref>.

In the ''Annals of Aman'', Tolkien wrote: "'Utupnŭ √TUP cover over; hide'" and "'that stronghold was ever after called Utumno the Deep-hidden.'" In Etymologies (V.394) with the stem TUB, the original form of the name is given as ''Utubnu''.<ref name="P2a"/>

'''Udûn''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈuduːːn]}}) was the less commonly used [[Sindarin]] name of [[Utumno]]. In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', this name appears just once, in [[Gandalf]]'s words to [[Durin's Bane]].<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

It survived, though, as a name for [[Udûn (valley)|the northern valley]] of [[Mordor]] that lay behind the [[Morannon]]. Undoubtedly, [[Sauron]] chose this name in memory of his ancient master's greatest stronghold.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] was not entirely consistent with the location of Utumno, but it was always located within the northern Middle-earth, in or behind the Iron Mountains.

As noted from one of Tolkien's earlier sketch maps about Utumno from the [[Ambarkanta]], Utumno was previously spelled as "Utumna" and was north of the Iron Mountains, towards the western end of the mountain chain.<ref>{{SM|4}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Utumno]]
[[fi:Utumno]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/utumno]]

Berylla Boffin

2017-05-16T04:25:35Z

Unweg: /* History */ spacing

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Berylla Boffin
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Berylla Baggins
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[The Yale]] [[Hobbiton]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1172}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Boffin Family|Boffin]]
| parentage=[[Buffo Boffin]] and [[Ivy Goodenough]]
| siblings=[[Bosco Boffin|Bosco]], [[Basso Boffin|Basso]] and [[Briffo Boffin|Briffo]]
| spouse=[[Balbo Baggins]]
| children=[[Mungo Baggins|Mungo]], [[Pansy Baggins|Pansy]], [[Ponto Baggins I|Ponto]], [[Largo Baggins|Largo]] and [[Lily Baggins|Lily]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Berylla Baggins, née Boffin''', was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].

==History==
Berylla married [[Balbo Baggins]]. They had five children: [[Mungo Baggins|Mungo]], [[Pansy Baggins|Pansy]], [[Ponto Baggins I|Ponto]], [[Largo Baggins|Largo]], and [[Lily Baggins|Lily]].<ref>{{App|Boffin}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Berylla is named after [[wikipedia:beryl|beryl]], a type of mineral which includes emerald and aquamarine.<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>

{{References}}
[[Category:Baggins]]
[[Category:Boffin]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Berylla Beutlin]]
[[fi:Berylli Boffin]]

Lacho

2017-05-16T04:24:51Z

Unweg: part of speech

'''''lacho''''' is a [[Sindarin]] word meaning "flame".<ref name=UT2>{{UT|2}}</ref><ref name=CH>{{CH|1}}</ref>

The word is commonly understood as a verbal imperative.<ref>[[Didier Willis]], [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/english.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] at [http://www.jrrvf.com/haut.shtml Jrrvf.com] (accessed 19 July 2011)</ref><ref>{{HM|GS}}, p. 322</ref>
==Phrases==
"''Lacho calad! Drego morn''! Flame Light! Flee Night!"<ref name=UT2/><ref name=CH/>
==See also==
*''[[lhach]]'' ("leaping flame")
{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Sindarin verbs]]

The Treason of Isengard

2017-05-16T04:24:20Z

Unweg: spacing, transcription

{{disambig-more|Isengard|[[Isengard (disambiguation)]]}}
{{book
| title=The Treason of Isengard
| image=[[File:The Treason of Isengard (HC2010).png|225px]]
| author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| editor=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
| illustrator=
| publisher=[[Allen and Unwin|Unwin Hyman]] (UK) [[Houghton Mifflin]] (US)
| date=[[7 September]] [[1989]] (UK) [[30 November]] [[1989]] (US)
| format=Hardcover
| pages=
| isbn=
| series=[[The History of Middle-earth]]
| precededby=[[The Return of the Shadow]]
| followedby=[[The War of the Ring]]
}}

'''''The Treason of Isengard''''' is the second volume of of the ''[[The History of The Lord of the Rings]]'' and the seventh volume of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''.

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|The Treason of Isengard continues the account of the creation of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' started in the earlier volume, ''[[The Return of the Shadow]]''. It traces the great expansion of the tale into new lands and new peoples south and east of the Misty Mountains: the emergence of [[Lothlórien]], of [[Ents]], of the [[Rohirrim|Riders of Rohan]], and of [[Saruman]] the White in the fortress of [[Isengard]]. In brief outlines and penciled drafts dashed down on scraps of paper are seen the first entry of [[Galadriel]], the earliest ideas of the history of [[Gondor]], and the original meeting of [[Aragorn]] and [[Éowyn]], its significance destined to be wholly transformed.The book also contains a full account of the original map which was to be the basis of the emerging geography of [[Middle-earth]]; and an appendix examines the Runic alphabets, with illustrations of the forms and an analysis of the Runes used in the [[Book of Mazarbul]] found beside [[Balin]]'s tomb in [[Moria]].}}

==Title page==

The title page contains an inscription in Tengwar:

''In the Treason of Isengard the story of the Fellowship of the Ring is traced from Rivendell through Moria and the Land of Lothlorien to the time[?] of its ending at Calembel beside Anduin the Great River, then is told of the return of Gandalf Mithrandir, of the meeting of the hobbits with Fangorn and of the war upon the Riders of Rohan by the traitor Saruman.''

==Contents==
*Foreword
*I "Gandalf's Delay"
*II "The Fourth Phase (1): From Hobbiton to Bree"
*III "The Fourth Phase (2): From Bree to the Ford of Rivendell"
*IV "Of Hamilcar, Gandalf, and Saruman"
*V "Bilbo's Song at Rivendell: Errantry and Eärendillinwë"
*VI "The Council of Elrond (1)"
*VII "The Council of Elrond (2)"
*VIII "The Ring Goes South"
*IX "The Mines of Moria (1): The Lord of Moria"
*X "The Mines of Moria (2): The Bridge"
*XI "The Story Foreseen from Moria"
*XII "Lothlórien"
*XIII "Galadriel"
*XIV "Farewell to Lórien"
*XV "The First Map of The Lord of the Rings"
*XVI "The Story Foreseen from Lórien"
*XVII "The Great River"
*XVIII "The Breaking of the Fellowship"
*XIX "The Departure of Boromir"
*XX "The Riders of Rohan"
*XXI "The Uruk-hai"
*XXII "Treebeard"
*XXIII "Notes on Various Topics"
*XXIV "The White Rider"
*XXV "The Story Foreseen from Fangorn"
*XXVI "The King of the Golden Hall"
*Appendix on Runes

==Publication History and Image Gallery==

<gallery>
File:The Treason of Isengard (1989).png|[[1989]], [[Allen and Unwin|Unwin Hyman]] 1st ed.; hardcover
File:The Treason of Isengard.jpg|[[1989]], [[Houghton Mifflin]]; hardcover; ISBN-13: 978-0044403968
File:The Treason of Isengard (HC1992).png|[[1992]], [[HarperCollins|Grafton]] 1st paperback ed.; ISBN 0261102206; Cover illustration by [[Roger Garland]]
File:The Treason of Isengard (HC1993).png|[[1993]], [[HarperCollins]]; ISBN 0261102206; Cover illustration by [[John Howe]]
File:The Treason of Isengard (2000).png|[[2000]], [[Houghton Mifflin|Mariner Books]]; ISBN 978-0618083589; Cover illustration by [[Alan Lee]]
File:The Treason of Isengard (HC2002).png|[[2002]], HarperCollins; paperback; ISBN 0261102206; Cover illustration by [[John Howe]]
File:The Treason of Isengard (HC2010).png|[[2010]], HarperCollins; reissue, hardcover
</gallery>

==External links==

*[http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/gallery.php?subsection=66 Detailed publication history of UK editions at Tolkienbooks.net]

{{home}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Treason of Isengard}}
[[Category:Books by Christopher Tolkien]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Posthumous publications]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

Letter to Amy Ronald (15 March 1969)

2017-05-15T19:41:32Z

Unweg: /* Transcription */ fixes to transcription

[[File:1969 - 03-15 - Amy Ronald (1).jpg|thumb]]
[[File:1969 - 03-15 - Amy Ronald (2).jpg|thumb]]
On [[15 March]] [[1969]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to Amy Ronald'''.<ref name=CG>{{CG|C}}, p. 741</ref><ref name=TL>{{webcite|author=[[Pieter Collier]]|articleurl=http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/tolkien-book-store/000550.htm Tolkien 2 signed letters 1969 Handwritten & Typed|dated=|website=TL|accessed=13 April 2014}}</ref>

*'''Subject:''' Tolkien thanks Amy Ronald for the gift of five bottles of alcoholic beverages.<ref name=TL/>
*'''Description:''' Handwritten, two pages, on blindstamped headed paper.<ref name=TL/>
*'''Publication:''' The letter is described in ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide|The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Chronology]]''.<ref name=CG/>

== Transcription ==

{{blockquote|My dear Amy, Thank you and thank you again! I should have thought one bottle generous beyond my deserts, but five! It is, of course, as impossible to dissuade me from expressing thanks (and delight) as to restrain you from lavishing gifts on an unworthy object! I am nibbing along, but not getting much done. Things are rather against me: the weather, the correspondence (now falling off, or drained off), and health. My own, which is not v.g. and the energy rather damped down; and Edith's which is precarious and poor although she is very gallant. I was distressed to find that your own health is not good, and denies you so much. I remember you in prayer. I hope we shall have a chance of meeting again before v. long: when, if it is ever going to, the weather opens up down here in our 'sheltered' nook - which since the end of October, has me out a damp and overshadowed nook - ''nothing'' is out, not hardly a greenbud on trees, while up on the windy east cliff the Miramar garden is alight with tulips daffodils and crocuses! I wondered if you would care to have a copy of the new French version and edition of The Hobbit? It has a hideous jacket; but good paper and type. If so I will get A&U, who have received some from Paris to send you one. Edith is ill just at present. (My 'secretary' is here for the week-end organizing me.) But we both send love & all good wishes Yours sincerely Ronald}}

==See also==

*[[Letter to Amy Ronald (20 March 1969)]]

{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Letters|Ronald, Amy (1969-03-15)]]

The Fall of Arthur

2017-05-15T19:30:24Z

Unweg: /* Editions */ error in prev. change

__NOTOC__{{Book
| title=The Fall of Arthur
| image=[[File:The Fall of Arthur.jpg|225px]]
| author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| editor=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
| illustrator=Bill Sanderson
| publisherUK=[[HarperCollins]]
| publisherUS=[[Houghton Mifflin|Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]
| date=[[23 May]] [[2013]]
| format=Hardback
| pages=240<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.amazon.co.uk/Fall-Arthur-J-R-Tolkien/dp/0007489943|articlename=The Fall of Arthur|website=AMUK|accessed=10 OCtober 2012}}</ref>
| isbn=978-0-00-748994-7
}}
'''''The Fall of Arthur''''' is a poem by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] concerned with the legend of [[King Arthur]] and written in the [[Old English]] alliterative metre. It was published, along with three essays by [[Christopher Tolkien]], on [[23 May]] [[2013]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.harpercollins.co.uk/Titles/79908/the-fall-of-arthur-j-r-r-tolkien-9780007489947|articlename=The Fall of Arthur: J.R.R. Tolkien, Edited by Christopher Tolkien|website=[http://www.harpercollins.co.uk/ HarperCollins]|accessed=10-October-2012}}</ref>

==Contents==
*Foreword
*''The Fall of Arthur''
*Notes on the Text of ''The Fall of Arthur''
*The Poem in Arthurian Tradition
*The Unwritten Poem and its Relation to ''The Silmarillion''
*The Evolution of the Poem
*Appendix: Old English Verse

==From the publisher==
The world first publication of a previously unknown work by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], which tells the extraordinary story of the final days of England’s legendary hero, King Arthur.

''The Fall of Arthur'', the only venture by J.R.R. Tolkien into the legends of Arthur King of Britain, may well be regarded as his finest and most skilful achievement in the use of the [[Old English]] alliterative metre, in which he brought to his transforming perceptions of the old narratives a pervasive sense of the grave and fateful nature of all that is told: of Arthur’s expedition overseas into distant heathen lands, of Guinevere’s flight from Camelot, of the great sea-battle on Arthur’s return to Britain, in the portrait of the traitor Mordred, in the tormented doubts of Lancelot in his French castle.

Unhappily, ''The Fall of Arthur'' was one of several long narrative poems that he abandoned in that period. In this case he evidently began it in the earlier nineteen-thirties, and it was sufficiently advanced for him to send it to a very perceptive friend who read it with great enthusiasm at the end of [[1934]] and urgently pressed him ‘You simply must finish it!’ But in vain: he abandoned it, at some date unknown, though there is some evidence that it may have been in 1937, the year of the publication of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and the first stirrings of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Years later, in a [[Letter 165|letter of 1955]], he said that ‘he hoped to finish a long poem on ''The Fall of Arthur''’; but that day never came.

Associated with the text of the poem, however, are many manuscript pages: a great quantity of drafting and experimentation in verse, in which the strange evolution of the poem’s structure is revealed, together with narrative synopses and very significant if tantalising notes. In these latter can be discerned clear if mysterious associations of the Arthurian conclusion with ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', and the bitter ending of the love of Lancelot and Guinevere, which was never written.

==Pre-publication history==
The poem's existence was first revealed in [[1977]] when ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' was published. In [[Letter 165|a 1955 letter to Houghton Mifflin]], Tolkien, discussing his use of alliterative verse, mentioned that he hoped to finish his "long poem" ''The Fall of Arthur''.<ref>{{L|165}}</ref>

In his [[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography|1981 biography of Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]] published a few brief extracts of the poem and commented that it "has alliteration but no rhyme [and] did not touch on the Grail but began an individual rendering of the [[Wikipedia:Le Morte d'Arthur|Morte d'Arthur]], in which the king and Gawain go to war in 'Saxon lands' but are summoned home by news of Mordred's treachery".<ref name=Bio>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'' (1977 ed.), pp. 168-8</ref> It was also revealed that "The Fall of Arthur" was read and approved by both [[E.V. Gordon]] and [[R.W. Chambers]],<ref name=Bio/><ref>[[Verlyn Flieger]], "Arthurian Romance", in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]'', pp. 34-5</ref> and that the writing of the poem was abandoned in the mid 1930s.<ref name=Bio/>


==Editions==
* [[HarperCollins]] First edition, [[2013]] ([[23 May]]), ISBN:9780007489947
* [[HarperCollins]] Deluxe edition, [[2013]] ([[23 May]]), ISBN:9780007489893

==Errata==

There are some typos in the book:

* According to Nelson Goering at Tolkien Society facebook group: "at line 182 we learn that 'hosemen hastened'. Now I'm wondering just what the role of the hoseman was. Perhaps it's a kind of squire, who travels with his knight to ensure he always has clean, dry, well-pressed trousers. Or perhaps it is something nobler, a high chivalric order marked out by their elegant legwear".<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.facebook.com/nelson.goering/posts/688711993706?|articlename=The Tolkien Society group|dated=16 September 2014|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=18 September 2014}}</ref>

* Nelson Goering also said "Canto II, line 76 is mislineated. It says 'He hastens home, and his / host summons', but should be 'He hastens home, / and his host summons'".<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.facebook.com/nelson.goering/posts/688711993706?|articlename=The Tolkien Society group|dated=16 September 2014|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=18 September 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Letter 165]]
*''[[The Book of Kyng Arthur]]''
*[[Christopher Tolkien]]

==External links==
*[http://www.tolkienestate.com/the-fall-of-arthur/ The Fall of Arthur: A Brief Presentation] by [[Christopher Tolkien]] (at the website of the [[Tolkien Estate]])
*[http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article1278838.ece Tolkien’s King Arthur], review by [[Tom Shippey]]
*"[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/05/23/tolkien-s-unfinished-epic-the-fall-of-arthur.html Tolkien’s Unfinished Epic: ‘The Fall of Arthur’]", review by [[John Garth]]
*[http://parmarkenta.blogspot.se/2013/08/the-fall-of-arthur-collection-of-reviews.html The Fall of Arthur – a collection of reviews] by Troels Forchhammer
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/books/review/the-fall-of-arthur-by-j-r-r-tolkien.html?_r=0 Andrew O'Hehir Review] at the New York Times
*{{WP|Le Morte d'Arthur}}
{{references}}

{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fall of Arthur, The}}
[[Category:Books by Christopher Tolkien]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Posthumous publications]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

The Fall of Arthur

2017-05-15T19:29:39Z

Unweg: /* Editions */ spacing

__NOTOC__{{Book
| title=The Fall of Arthur
| image=[[File:The Fall of Arthur.jpg|225px]]
| author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| editor=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
| illustrator=Bill Sanderson
| publisherUK=[[HarperCollins]]
| publisherUS=[[Houghton Mifflin|Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]
| date=[[23 May]] [[2013]]
| format=Hardback
| pages=240<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.amazon.co.uk/Fall-Arthur-J-R-Tolkien/dp/0007489943|articlename=The Fall of Arthur|website=AMUK|accessed=10 OCtober 2012}}</ref>
| isbn=978-0-00-748994-7
}}
'''''The Fall of Arthur''''' is a poem by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] concerned with the legend of [[King Arthur]] and written in the [[Old English]] alliterative metre. It was published, along with three essays by [[Christopher Tolkien]], on [[23 May]] [[2013]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.harpercollins.co.uk/Titles/79908/the-fall-of-arthur-j-r-r-tolkien-9780007489947|articlename=The Fall of Arthur: J.R.R. Tolkien, Edited by Christopher Tolkien|website=[http://www.harpercollins.co.uk/ HarperCollins]|accessed=10-October-2012}}</ref>

==Contents==
*Foreword
*''The Fall of Arthur''
*Notes on the Text of ''The Fall of Arthur''
*The Poem in Arthurian Tradition
*The Unwritten Poem and its Relation to ''The Silmarillion''
*The Evolution of the Poem
*Appendix: Old English Verse

==From the publisher==
The world first publication of a previously unknown work by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], which tells the extraordinary story of the final days of England’s legendary hero, King Arthur.

''The Fall of Arthur'', the only venture by J.R.R. Tolkien into the legends of Arthur King of Britain, may well be regarded as his finest and most skilful achievement in the use of the [[Old English]] alliterative metre, in which he brought to his transforming perceptions of the old narratives a pervasive sense of the grave and fateful nature of all that is told: of Arthur’s expedition overseas into distant heathen lands, of Guinevere’s flight from Camelot, of the great sea-battle on Arthur’s return to Britain, in the portrait of the traitor Mordred, in the tormented doubts of Lancelot in his French castle.

Unhappily, ''The Fall of Arthur'' was one of several long narrative poems that he abandoned in that period. In this case he evidently began it in the earlier nineteen-thirties, and it was sufficiently advanced for him to send it to a very perceptive friend who read it with great enthusiasm at the end of [[1934]] and urgently pressed him ‘You simply must finish it!’ But in vain: he abandoned it, at some date unknown, though there is some evidence that it may have been in 1937, the year of the publication of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and the first stirrings of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Years later, in a [[Letter 165|letter of 1955]], he said that ‘he hoped to finish a long poem on ''The Fall of Arthur''’; but that day never came.

Associated with the text of the poem, however, are many manuscript pages: a great quantity of drafting and experimentation in verse, in which the strange evolution of the poem’s structure is revealed, together with narrative synopses and very significant if tantalising notes. In these latter can be discerned clear if mysterious associations of the Arthurian conclusion with ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', and the bitter ending of the love of Lancelot and Guinevere, which was never written.

==Pre-publication history==
The poem's existence was first revealed in [[1977]] when ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' was published. In [[Letter 165|a 1955 letter to Houghton Mifflin]], Tolkien, discussing his use of alliterative verse, mentioned that he hoped to finish his "long poem" ''The Fall of Arthur''.<ref>{{L|165}}</ref>

In his [[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography|1981 biography of Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]] published a few brief extracts of the poem and commented that it "has alliteration but no rhyme [and] did not touch on the Grail but began an individual rendering of the [[Wikipedia:Le Morte d'Arthur|Morte d'Arthur]], in which the king and Gawain go to war in 'Saxon lands' but are summoned home by news of Mordred's treachery".<ref name=Bio>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'' (1977 ed.), pp. 168-8</ref> It was also revealed that "The Fall of Arthur" was read and approved by both [[E.V. Gordon]] and [[R.W. Chambers]],<ref name=Bio/><ref>[[Verlyn Flieger]], "Arthurian Romance", in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]'', pp. 34-5</ref> and that the writing of the poem was abandoned in the mid 1930s.<ref name=Bio/>


==Editions==
* [[HarperCollins]] First edition, [[2013]] ([[23 May]]) ,ISBN:9780007489947
* [[HarperCollins]] Deluxe edition, [[2013]] ([[23 May]]), ISBN:9780007489893

==Errata==

There are some typos in the book:

* According to Nelson Goering at Tolkien Society facebook group: "at line 182 we learn that 'hosemen hastened'. Now I'm wondering just what the role of the hoseman was. Perhaps it's a kind of squire, who travels with his knight to ensure he always has clean, dry, well-pressed trousers. Or perhaps it is something nobler, a high chivalric order marked out by their elegant legwear".<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.facebook.com/nelson.goering/posts/688711993706?|articlename=The Tolkien Society group|dated=16 September 2014|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=18 September 2014}}</ref>

* Nelson Goering also said "Canto II, line 76 is mislineated. It says 'He hastens home, and his / host summons', but should be 'He hastens home, / and his host summons'".<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.facebook.com/nelson.goering/posts/688711993706?|articlename=The Tolkien Society group|dated=16 September 2014|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=18 September 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Letter 165]]
*''[[The Book of Kyng Arthur]]''
*[[Christopher Tolkien]]

==External links==
*[http://www.tolkienestate.com/the-fall-of-arthur/ The Fall of Arthur: A Brief Presentation] by [[Christopher Tolkien]] (at the website of the [[Tolkien Estate]])
*[http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article1278838.ece Tolkien’s King Arthur], review by [[Tom Shippey]]
*"[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/05/23/tolkien-s-unfinished-epic-the-fall-of-arthur.html Tolkien’s Unfinished Epic: ‘The Fall of Arthur’]", review by [[John Garth]]
*[http://parmarkenta.blogspot.se/2013/08/the-fall-of-arthur-collection-of-reviews.html The Fall of Arthur – a collection of reviews] by Troels Forchhammer
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/books/review/the-fall-of-arthur-by-j-r-r-tolkien.html?_r=0 Andrew O'Hehir Review] at the New York Times
*{{WP|Le Morte d'Arthur}}
{{references}}

{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fall of Arthur, The}}
[[Category:Books by Christopher Tolkien]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Posthumous publications]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

Letter to Amy Ronald (20 March 1969)

2017-05-15T19:25:26Z

Unweg: /* Contents */ added commas

[[File:Amy Ronald 20 March 1969.jpg|thumb]]
On [[20 March]] [[1969]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to Amy Ronald'''.<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 741</ref>

*'''Description:''' 2pp., 8vo, n.p.
*'''Publication:''' Excerpts, description, and photograph of the letter was included in ''[[Bloomsbury Literature, Manuscripts and Modern First Editions 6 December 2007]]''.

== Contents ==
Autograph letter, discussing a misunderstanding, recent health issues (Tolkien's wife's and Amy Ronald's), and discussing a translation of ''The Hobbit'', "I shall be interested to hear how the French version of Le Hobbit strikes you. Personally I think one of the most unfortunate results of the French invasion of England was the adulteration of our own language. With the consequence that we have a large Franco-Latin ingredient, largely floating about like oil, and specially used when we are being 'adult', stuffy, or professional. So that French (to those who do not know it well) sounds often priggish in colloquial dialogue".<ref>[http://www.bloomsburyauctions.com/detail/634/395.0 Bloomsburyauctions.com], retrieved June 30, 2010</ref>

==See also==
*[[Letter to Amy Ronald (15 March 1969)]]
{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Letters|Ronald, Amy (1969-03-15)]]

Letter to G.S. Rigby Jr.

2017-05-15T19:19:21Z

Unweg: /* From the auction */ typo

[[File:G.S. Rigby Jr. 6 December 1965.jpg|thumb]]
On [[6 December]] [[1965]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to G.S. Rigby Jr.''' (of Lansdowne, Pennsylvania).<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 648</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]]|articleurl=http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2013/05/29/tolkien-notes-7/|articlename=Tolkien Notes 7|dated=29 May 2013|website=[http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/ Too Many Books and Never Enough (blog)]|accessed=30 May 2013}}</ref><ref name=Sothebys/>

*'''Subject:''' Acknowledging theological elements in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.
*'''Description:''' Typed letter signed ("J.R.R. Tolkien"), one page (6 3/4 x 5 1/4 in.; 172 x 130 mm).<ref name=Sothebys/>
*'''Publication:''' A description of the letter appeared in ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide|The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Chronology]]''.

==From the auction==

{{Blockquote|The Lord of the Rings and its Christian/Catholic underpinnings. Tolkien, a devout Catholic, readily admits to theological elements in his famous trilogy. "There is, in fact, quite a lot of theology included in The Lord of the Rings (I was surprised to find how much when the work was analysed some time ago in a theological periodical), though perhaps it is made more palatable by a sugar coating." <ref name=Sothebys>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2013/books-manuscripts-n09066/lot.227.html|articlename=Lot 227, Fine Books and Manuscripts, Including Americana, New York, 11 June 2012|website=[http://www.sothebys.com/ Sotheby's]|accessed=30 May 2013}}</ref>}}

== Transcript ==

{{blockquote|6th December, 1965. Dear Mr. Rigby, Thank you very much for your appreciative letter. It gave me much pleasure. There is, in fact, quite a lot of theology included in The Lord of the Rings (I was surprised to find now much when the work was analysed some time ago in a theological periodical), though perhaps it is made more palatable by a sugar coating. With best wishes and thanks. Yours sincerely, J. R. R. Tolkien }}

{{references}}
[[Category:Letters|Rigby, G.S.]]

Letter to William Ready (9 June 1957)

2017-05-15T19:15:53Z

Unweg: /* Transcription */ added space

[[File:Letter to Mr. Ready 1957.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Letter to Mr. Ready 1957 (2).jpg|thumb]]
On [[9 June]] [[1957]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] wrote '''[[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|a letter]] to [[William Ready]]'''.<ref name=CG>{{CG|C}}, p. 506</ref><ref name=>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/season/19/charleston-wv/appraisals/1957-jrr-tolkien-letter--201408A10|articlename=1957 J.R.R. Tolkien Letter|dated=|website=[http://www.pbs.org/ pbs.org/]|accessed=26 May 2015}}</ref>

*'''Subject:''' Tolkien apologizes for not replying to a letter from him, or to an invitation from the director of the Marquette Department of English to visit the University, pleading 'overwork, difficult domestic and academic circumstances, and the necessity of coping (or trying to cope) with a now very large mail, as well as heavy professional work and duties, without any secretary'.
*'''Publication:''' A description of and quotations from the letter appeared in ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide|The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Chronology]]'' and quoted in [[The Tolkien Relation]] (pp. 59-60).
*'''Description:''' Two page, handwritten signed letter.

==Transcription==

{{blockquote|Whitsunday 1957 Dear Mr. Ready, I have ill repaid the generosity of Marquette, by my discourtesy of silence, to you and the Director. Without going into long details this has been due not to lack of pleasure, (indeed excitement and delight) in the generous invitation, but to overwork, difficult domestic and academic circumstances, and the necessity of coping (or trying to cope) with a now v.[very] large mail, as well as heavy professional work and duties, without any secretary! Professors of “humanitis" [sic] are not provided with any secretarial assistance in this institution; and I certainly cannot afford one of my own! In spite of the success of The Lord of the Rings (which has surprised me very much), our "Chancellor of the Exchequer" has walked off with most of the cash evidence of that, anyway — or will. I have just written to the Director. To the effect that I should be very delighted to accept Marquette’s invitation; and that I shall try to arrange my affairs so as to make it possible. It depends on my success in obtaining leave of absence. I cannot hope for that until next year; but I may be able to make it possible to come sometime after about March 20, 1958. I have, however, one unsolved difficulty beyond the academic, and that is the domestic situation: it will prove difficult either to leave my wife alone, or to persuade her to accompany me. (My children all having grown up and departed, we live alone.) I saw Mr. Be[r]tram Rota on Saturday Friday last (June 7), and handed over Hobbit material, and Farmer Giles (including two early MS's I had discovered). The other material he has inspected; but it needs, both for my own sake and yours, some inspection and ordering on my part. That requires some attention, which I hope to be able to give to it, when this term ends (at the end of this month). I hope indeed to have the opportunity of meeting you ere very long, face to face. In the meanwhile I look forward to receiving your book of stories. (I too have found more favour outside the Church than within it. Apart from a notice in theTablet, not very good, I have been greeted with silence in this country. One of my most charming notices, however, was in the Tablet of New Zealand). My good wishes to Patrick! Yours sincerely, J.R.R. Tolkien}}<ref name=>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/stories/articles/2015/05/25/tolkien-letter-marquette-university/|articlename=Tolkien's Middle Earth Travels to the Midwest|dated=|website=[http://www.pbs.org/ pbs.org/]|accessed=26 May 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Letter to William Ready (5 March 1959)]]
*[[Letter to William Ready (February 1959)]]

{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Letters|Ready, William (1957-06-09)]]

Letter 243

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{{letter infobox
| #=243
| to=[[Michael Tolkien (b. 1920)]]
| date=[[19 December]] [[1962]]
| subject=[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo]]
}}{{letter|243}}
==Summary==
Tolkien wished [[Michael Tolkien (b. 1920)|Mick]] a merry Christmas. After his retirement, so the Professor told, he was short of money, but [[Allen and Unwin|Allen & Unwin]] paid his royalties for the very popular ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' (8,000 copies sold prior to publication) in advance. ''[[Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad|Ancrene Wisse]]'' was in the process of being printed, and ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Gawain'' and ''Pearl]]'' were to be, the following year. Tolkien looked forward to working on the legends of [[Númenor]]. Also, a "Festschrift" was in the works, containing a prefatory ode by [[W.H. Auden]], and contributions by 22 Anglists. It was the plan of [[Rayner Unwin]] and [[Norman Davis]] (Tolkien's successor), to commemorate Tolkien's 70th birthday, the following [[3 January|January 3]].

==Notes==
* The translations of ''Gawain'' and ''Pearl'' would not come out until [[1975]].
* The Festschrift is titled ''[[English and Medieval Studies Presented to J.R.R. Tolkien on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday]]'', edited by Norman Davis and [[Charles Leslie Wrenn]] (London: Allen & Unwin, 1962).
{{letters}}

Sundóma

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'''Sundóma''' is the [[Quenya]] name of the central radical vowel in a [[sundo]], an etymological root.

In the process of a language, the sundóma took part in the following phenomena:
;Intensification: prefixing to a sundo its sundóma, usually together with its lengthening either in the first or in the last position.
;*[[LAK]]- > Á-LAK
;*[[NAR]]- > A-NÁR > [[Sun|Anar]]
;*[[THIL]]- > I-THIL > [[Moon#Other names|Isil]]
;*[[MAN]]- > A-MAN > [[Aman]]

; ''A'' infixion: adding an a before the sundóma I creating an [[ohlon]] (diphthong):
;*[[SLIW]]- > ''[[slaiwâ]]''
;*[[THUS]]- > ''[[thausâ]]''

; I/Y infixion: putting an i/y after the sundóma creating an [[ohlon]] (less frequently occured than the previous one):
;*[[NAK]]- > [[NAYKA]]-
;*[[WAWA]]- > [[WAIWA]]-
==Etymology==
The word ''sundóma'' means "root-vowel",<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 105</ref> from ''[[sundo]]'' "root" and ''[[óma]]'' "voice".<ref>{{webcite|website=Arda|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articlename=Quettaparma Quenyallo|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quen-eng.htm}}</ref>
{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sundoma}}
[[Category:Linguistic terms]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

1969

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{{year-header}}
==January==
* '''[[2 January|2]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes letters [[letter 308|308]] and [[letter 309|309]].
* '''[[6 January|6]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes a [[letter to Paula Coston (6 January 1969)|letter to Paula Coston]].
* '''[[27 January|27]]''' - Actor and author [[Cliff Broadway]] is born.
* '''?''' - The first issue of [[Mythlore 1|Mythlore]] is published.

==February==
* '''[[3 February|3]]''' - [[Shane Rangi]], who would play several characters and lead the stunt crew of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], is born.
* '''?''' - [[David Salo]], Tolkien Linguist, is born.
==March==
* '''[[6 March|6]]''' - Scholar [[Gergely Nagy]] is born.
* '''[[13 March|13]]''' - [[Adam Tolkien]] is born.
* '''[[15 March|15]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Amy Ronald (15 March 1969)|a letter to Amy Ronald]].
* '''[[20 March|20]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Amy Ronald (20 March 1969)|a letter to Amy Ronald]].
* '''?''' - ''[[Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings]]'' is published.
==April==
* '''[[8 April|8]]''' - Actor [[Ian Hughes]] is born.
* '''?''' - [[Mythlore 2]] is published.
==May==
* '''[[7 May|7]]''' - Producer [[Rick Porras]] is born.
* '''[[14 May|14]]''' - [[Cate Blanchett]], who would play [[Galadriel]] in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], is born.
* '''[[20 May|20]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[letter 310]].
==June==
* '''[[30 June|30]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes a [[Letter to Paul Bibire|letter to Paul Bibire]].
==July==
* '''[[8 July|8]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] is diagnosed with an inflamed or diseased gall-bladder. Dr. Denis Tolhurst forbids him the consummation of fats (notably butter) and, in the eyes of the patient even worse, alcohol.
* '''[[16 July|16]]''' - [[Royd Tolkien]] is born.
* '''[[19 July|19]]''' - Voice actress [[Courtenay Taylor]] is born.
* '''[[22 July|22]]''' - Actor [[James Arnold Taylor]] is born.
* '''[[31 July|31]]''' - J.R.R. Tolkien writes [[Letter 311]].

==August==
* '''[[1 August|1]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter to Mr Burrows|a letter to Mr Burrows]].
* '''[[5 August|5]]''' - Actress [[Kim Mai Guest]] is born.
* '''[[6 August|6]]''' - [[Chris Edgerly]], who would voice various characters in [[Electronic Arts|EA]] video games, is born.
==September==
* '''[[29 September|29]]''' - Artist [[Warren Mahy]] is born.
==October==
* '''?''' - The anthology ''[[The Young Magicians]]'', which includes two poems by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], is published.
* '''?''' - ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien (by Catherine Stimpson)|‎J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', a study by Catherine R. Stimpson, is published.‎
==November==
* '''[[6 November|6]]''' - Informal date of foundation of [[The Tolkien Society]].
* '''[[7 November|7]]''' - [[Vera Chapman]] announces the foundation of [[The Tolkien Society]] in the ''New Statesman''.
* '''[[16 November|16]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[letter 312]].
* '''[[25 November|25]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[letter 313]].

==December==
* '''[[15 December|15]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[letter 314]].
==?==
* '''?''' - [[Charles Leslie Wrenn]], [[Inklings|Inkling]], dies.
* '''?''' - ''[[Bored of the Rings (book)|Bored of the Rings]]'' is published.

{{Years|1966|1967|1968|1969|1970|1971|1972|}}
[[Category:Years (real-world)]]

Quettar 7

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{{book
|title=''Quettar'': Issue 7
|image=
|editor=Pillinger
|publisher=Tolkien Society
|date=[[March]] [[1981]]
|pages=
}}
'''''Quettar'': Issue 7''' was a publication of ''[[Quettar]]'', the bulletin of [[the Tolkien Society]] linguistic and Tengwar group, edited by Pillinger and including the Tengwar Supplement Issue 4, edited by Steve Pillinger.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Quettar'' 7}}
[[Category:Quettar|Issue 7]]

Quettar 6

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{{book
|title=''Quettar'': Issue 6
|image=
|editor=[[Susan Rule]]
|publisher=Tolkien Society
|date=[[January]] [[1981]]
|pages=5
}}
'''''Quettar'': Issue 6''' was a publication of ''[[Quettar]]'', the bulletin of [[the Tolkien Society]] linguistic and Tengwar group, edited by [[Susan Rule]] and including the Tengwar Supplement Issue 3, edited by Steve Pillinger.

==Contents==

Presenting plans and ideas to Tolkien Society members and in Tengwar Supplement Issue 3, there is a Dutch Tengwar Mode, made by Eltjo Poort. [[Ronald Kyrmse]] presents his discovery about the numbers of Dwarves runes.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Quettar'' 6}}
[[Category:Quettar|Issue 6]]

Quettar 3

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{{book
|title=''Quettar'': Issue 3
|image=
|editor=[[Susan Rule]]
|publisher=Tolkien Society
|date=[[July]] [[1980]]
|pages=1
}}
'''''Quettar'': Issue 3''' was a publication of ''[[Quettar]]'', the bulletin of [[the Tolkien Society]] linguistic and Tengwar group, edited by [[Susan Rule]].

==Contents==

Susan Rule explains the meaning of "Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo".

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Quettar'' 3}}
[[Category:Quettar|Issue 3]]

Asterisk

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{{cleanup}}

The '''asterisk''' is a symbol used in historical linguistics. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] made use of asterisks in his texts about [[Elvish]] languages.
==Usage==
In historical linguistics, an asterisk immediately before a word indicates that the word is not directly attested, but has been reconstructed on the basis of other linguistic material (see also [[Wikipedia:comparative method|comparative method]]). The asterisk shows that this form of word is hypothetical and historically it could be more or less different.

Asterisks are therefore used mostly in the reconstruction unwritten or prehistorical languages, deduced by comparison between other languages.

For example the [[Old English]] word ''endleofan'' suggests a Proto-Germanic form was *''ainlif''. The Proto-Germanic people did not have a writing, therefore ''ainlif'' is unattested, and this is indicated with an asterisk.
==Elvish==
Tolkien used asterisks when writing about the history of his [[Elvish]] languages, to show that for some reason, these forms are "unattested", and belong in a stage of a language before the [[Tengwar]] or the [[Cirth]]. As such, an asterix prefixed to a word indicates that the form is "hypothetical". As noted by [[Christopher Tolkien]], such a marking means that the form is "''deduced to have existed from later, recorded forms''". Asterisks are used most usually in [[Primitive Quendian]].<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 347</ref>

For example Tolkien gives *''[[luktiênê]]'' as the ancient form of the name ''[[Lúthien]]''.

The purpose of Tolkien using asterisks for his personal writings is not known, and it is possible that he used them as a personal in-joke and to persuade himself that he worked as a historian; or perhaps in order to keep a personal note that these forms were invented by being based on the "later" forms of the words, and could change in some future revision.

In [[fandom]], even the asterisked forms of Tolkien are considered "valid" and as canonical as the unasterisked ones.

==Fandom==
Students of Tolkien's languages also use asterisks to show that some forms are hypothetical logically deduced from Tolkien's derivation of the languages, although Tolkien himself didn't write that form in any of his published texts.

For example the word *''corma'' is a hypothetical word believed to mean "ring". It is seen only as part of the word ''[[cormacolindo]]'' meaning "[[Ring-bearer]]". The form of the longer word makes it obvious that a word "corma" probably exists in [[Quenya]]. But since the word as it is, is never written clearly by Tolkien, it is considered as hypothetical and marked with an asterisk.

Asterisks are also used to show ancient forms of attested words. The [[Sindarin]] word ''[[hobas]]'' from [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[KHOP]] points to an [[Old Sindarin]] intermediate *''khopasse''. Tolkien never wrote this word, but the rules of Sindarin etymology makes this form the only possibility; however proper referencing requires an asterisk to make clear that it is not a word given by Tolkien.

Students also sometimes employ a double asterisk ** to indicate a mistaken hypothetical form to clarify an example. A mistaken form would be Primitive Quendian **''aladâ'' instead of the correct ''galadâ''. They both would bring [[Quenya]] ''[[alda]]'' but the former would bring [[Sindarin]] **''aladh'' instead of the proper ''[[galadh]]''. This example, although wrong, could clarify the behavior of ''g'' in the two languages.

[[Tolkien Gateway]] has entries only for attested canonical words. Asterisked forms will be given as examples, but will not have links to entries of their own.
{{references}}
[[Category:Linguistic terms]]