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The Tree of Tongues manuscript by Tolkien

The Tree of Tongues is a sketch by J.R.R. Tolkien found in the chapter "The Lhammas" of The Lost Road and Other Writings. It shows the relationship between the multitude of languages described in that section of the book. Three similar sketches entitled Table of the Descent of Tongues are included with the Tengwesta Qenderinwa in Parma Eldalamberon 18, with some dating later than those in The Lhammas.[1]

The later revisions of the legendarium show a considerably different and simplified history of the languages. For example, we know from The Silmarillion that the Elvish languages do not descend from Valarin, taught to them by Oromë, but from Primitive Quendian, spoken before Oromë found the Elves.

Structure

Valarin
Language of the Valarindi
Oromë
Aulë
Melko
languages of the Quendi
Khuzdul
Orcish languages
Lemberin
Tongues of Man
Eldarin
Language of the Laiqendi
Danian
Taliska
LindarinNoldorinTelerinOssiriandeb
Qenya
Ilkorin
Doriathrin
Falathrin
LindarinKornoldorin
Exilic Noldorin
MithrimGondolinHimringNarogThralls
Eldarin (in Valinor)
Telerin (in Valinor)
Noldorin (in Tol Eressëa)
Gnomish

References

  1. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Pre-Fëanorian Alphabets Part 2", in Parma Eldalamberon XVIII (edited by Christopher Gilson, Arden R. Smith, and Patrick H. Wynne), pp. 28-9, 81